essay mass media

Essay On Mass Media

500 words essay on mass media.

All kinds of different tools which come in use to help in distributing and circulating information and entertainment to the public come under the term of mass media. In other words, everything including radio, newspapers , cable, television and theatre are parts of mass media. These tools include exchanging opinions and public involvement. Through essay on mass media, we will go through it in detail.

Introduction to Mass Media

In today’s world, mass media embraces internet , cell phones, electronic mail, computers, pagers and satellites. All these new additions function as transmitting information from a single source to multiple receivers.

In other words, they are interactive and work on the person to person formula. Thus, it revolves around the masses i.e. the people. It is true that radio, television, press and cinema are in the spotlight when we talk about mass media.

Nonetheless, the role of pamphlets, books, magazines, posters, billboards, and more also have equal importance if not less. Moreover, the reach of these tools extends to a huge amount of masses living all over the country.

Television, cinema, radio and press are comparatively expensive forms of media which private financial institutions or the Government runs. These tools centre on the idea of mass production and mass distribution.

Therefore, newspapers, television and radio cater to the needs of the mass audience and accommodates their taste. As a result, it will not always be refined or sophisticated. In other words, it displays popular culture.

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The Function of Mass Media

The main function of mass media is to reach out to the masses and provide them with information. In addition to that, it also operates to analyze and observe our surroundings and provide information in the form of news accordingly.

As a result, the masses get constantly updated about not just their own surroundings but also around the world. This way mass media spreads and interprets information. For instance, weather forecasts equip people and farmers to plan ahead.

Similarly, fishermen get updates about the tidal activities from the news. In addition to this, mass media also strives to keep the fabric of our social heritage intact which showcasing our customs, myths and civilization.

Another major product of mass media is advertising. This way people learn about the goods and services in the market. It also spreads social awareness. For instance, anti-smoking campaign, women empowerment, green earth clean earth and more.

Most importantly, with the numerous mediums available in multiple languages, the masses get entertainment in their own language easily. Millions of people get to access a cheap source of relaxation and pass their time. In fact, it also helps to transport momentarily from our ordinary lives to a dream world. Thus, it remains the undisputed leader in reaching out to the masses.

Conclusion of Essay on Mass Media

All in all, while it is an effective tool, we must also keep a check on its consumption. In other words, it has the power to create and destroy. Nonetheless, it is a medium which can bring about a change in the masses. Thus, everyone must utilize and consume it properly.

FAQ on Essay on Mass Media

Question 1: Why is mass media important?

Answer 1: Mass media is essential as it informs, educates and entertains the public. Moreover, it also influences the way we look at the world. In other words, it helps in organizing public opinion.

Question 2: How does mass media affect our lives?

Answer 2: Mass media affects many aspects of human life, which range from the way we vote to our individual views and beliefs. Most importantly, it also helps in debunking false information.

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Essay On Mass Media

Mass Media Essay

500+ words mass media essay.

The current age is termed the era of information. So, mass media is used to spread and share information. Mass media has become more potent after the advancement of digital technology. It is the most influential source of various ideas, news, and opinions. It also provides information about the happenings around the world.

Mass media means tools used in distributing and circulating information and entertainment to the masses. It includes television, the internet, radio, newspaper, and theatre. These modes of communication provide a platform to exchange opinions and public involvement.

In this essay on mass media, we will discuss the function of mass media and its importance to the world.

Introduction to Mass Media

In our society, mass media plays a crucial role. Mass media is a medium that brings news, entertainment, and cultural and educational programs to millions of homes. Mass media is classified into two categories: Print media and electronic media. Print media includes journals, newspapers, magazines, etc., and electronic media consists of the internet, TV, movies, etc. Some primary resources through which we get information are reading newspapers and magazines, listening to the radio and watching TV.

Radio, television, cinema and press are expensive forms of media run by private or government-run institutions. The main focus of these institutions is the idea of mass production and mass distribution. Among all the mass media tools, TV is the most popular. We have many channels to watch various shows, films, sports, plays, and educational and cultural programs.

Compared to other mass media tools, the information published in the newspapers is different. It publishes information about the latest happenings nationally and internationally. Some magazines and newspapers cover news, events, and reports on sports, cultural life, education, fashion, and entertainment for youth.

By watching TV or listening to the radio, you can upgrade your history, literature, and cultural knowledge and even learn foreign languages. Mass media includes cell phones, the internet, computers, pagers, emails, and satellites in today’s world. Information can be sent from a single source to multiple receivers through these mediums.

Other mass media tools such as books, magazines, pamphlets, books, billboards, etc., also have equal significance as the reach of these mediums extends to a massive number of masses.

The Function of Mass Media

Information.

One of the primary functions of mass media is the dissemination of information. Mass media circulates information and opinions about various events and situations to mass audiences. The information we get through multiple mediums of mass media is subjective, objective, secondary and primary. As an audience, we get informative news about the happenings worldwide via mass media. Media broadcast information on TV, radio, newspapers or magazines. Moreover, advertisements are also mainly for information purposes.

Entertainment

The most apparent function of mass media is entertainment. It is a performance that pleases people by making leisure time more enjoyable. Magazines and newspapers, television, radio, and other online mediums offer serials, stories, films, and comics to entertain audiences. Other instances include news, sports, columns, art and fashion. Infotainment means the fusion of entertainment and information, and edutainment is education and fun programs.

Socialisation

Socialisation means the transmission of culture and media works as reflectors of society. Socialisation is a process by which people behave in acceptable ways in their culture or society. Through this process, we learn how to become members of our community or human society in a greater sense. People who read a newspaper or watch television know how people react to matters and what norms and values they perceive on particular events, issues, or situations.

The link between the government and the people

The government utilises the power of mass media to explain, inform, and support its policies and programs.

Conclusion of Essay on Mass Media

All in all, while it is an effective tool, we must also check its consumption. In other words, it has the power to create and destroy. Nonetheless, it is a medium that can bring about a change in the masses. Thus, everyone must utilise and consume it properly.

From our BYJU’S website, students can also access CBSE Essays related to different topics. It will help students to get good marks in their exams.

Frequently asked Questions on Mass media Essay

Why is mass media important.

Mass media provides information, education and also entertainment. Thus it is considered important and a quick media to share any type of content.

What are two main categories of mass media?

Print media and electronic media are the two main mass media categories. All the other types of media mostly come under these two broad sections.

What types of information can one obtain from such mass media?

History, literature, kowledge on cultural and foreign language, etc are some of the examples that can be obtained from mass media.

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Short Essay: Mass Media

In today’s interconnected world, mass media plays a pivotal role in shaping our perception of the world, disseminating information, and influencing public opinion. From traditional platforms like television, radio, and newspapers to the ever-expanding digital landscape encompassing social media, online news portals, and streaming services, mass media has become an integral part of our daily lives. Understanding the impact and intricacies of mass media is crucial, making it a compelling subject for exploration within the realm of academic writing.

To effectively write an essay on mass media, it is essential to employ a structured and systematic approach. This includes conducting extensive research to gather relevant information, critically evaluating sources, and organizing your thoughts to present a coherent and well-argued analysis. Additionally, understanding the key theories, concepts, and debates within the field of mass media will provide a solid foundation for constructing a compelling essay.

Table of Contents

Mass Media Essay Tips

Understand the Prompt: Carefully read and understand the essay prompt or question. Identify the specific focus or aspect of mass media that you need to address in your essay. Analyze any instructions or guidelines provided to ensure that you meet the requirements.

Conduct Thorough Research: Gather information from reliable and credible sources such as books, academic journals, reputable websites, and scholarly articles. Use a combination of primary and secondary sources to support your arguments and provide evidence for your claims. Take note of key statistics, theories, and case studies relevant to the topic.

Develop a Clear Thesis Statement: Craft a concise and focused thesis statement that clearly states your main argument or position on the topic. Your thesis should reflect the specific aspect of mass media that you will be discussing in the essay and provide a roadmap for your analysis.

Create an Outline: Organize your thoughts and ideas by creating an outline for your essay. Identify the main points you want to cover and arrange them in a logical order. This will help you maintain a clear structure and flow throughout your essay.

Introduction: Write an engaging introduction that provides an overview of the topic and captures the reader’s attention. Introduce the significance of mass media, its impact on society, and provide a brief preview of the main points you will be discussing in your essay. End your introduction with a strong thesis statement.

Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a specific subtopic or argument related to mass media. Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates back to your thesis statement. Provide supporting evidence, examples, and analysis to strengthen your arguments. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs to maintain coherence.

Use Critical Analysis: Engage in critical thinking by evaluating different perspectives, theories, and debates within the field of mass media. Analyze the potential biases, ethical considerations, and the social, cultural, and political implications of mass media. Support your analysis with evidence and logical reasoning.

Incorporate Examples: Use relevant and current examples from real-world situations to illustrate your points. These can include case studies, media campaigns, or specific events that highlight the impact of mass media on society.

Conclusion: Summarize the main points discussed in your essay and restate your thesis in a succinct manner. Offer some final thoughts or reflections on the significance of mass media and its potential future developments. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.

Revise and Edit: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and grammar. Ensure that your ideas flow smoothly and that your arguments are well-supported. Check for any spelling or punctuation errors. Consider seeking feedback from peers or instructors to gain different perspectives and improve the overall quality of your essay.

Mass Media Essay Example 1

Title: The Influence of Mass Media: Shaping Perspectives and Societal Dynamics

Introduction Mass media has emerged as a powerful and influential force in our contemporary world. With its ability to reach diverse audiences and shape public opinion, mass media plays a significant role in shaping perspectives, disseminating information, and driving societal dynamics. This essay delves into the influence of mass media, exploring its impact on individuals, communities, and broader society. By analyzing its reach, effects, and challenges, we can better understand the complex relationship between mass media and the world we inhabit.

I. The Reach and Forms of Mass Media: A. Traditional Media: 1. Television: Discuss the impact of television as a dominant medium, its ability to shape cultural narratives, and the influence of television programs on viewers’ beliefs and behaviors. 2. Radio: Examine the role of radio in disseminating information, fostering community engagement, and its historical significance in reaching diverse populations.

B. Print Media: 1. Newspapers and Magazines: Explore the historical importance of print media, its role in providing in-depth analysis and investigative journalism, and the challenges it faces in the digital age. 2. Books and Literature: Discuss the enduring impact of books and literature in shaping public discourse, fostering critical thinking, and influencing societal values.

C. Digital Media: 1. Internet and Online News: Analyze the transformative impact of the internet on mass media, the rise of online news platforms, and the democratization of information. 2. Social Media: Examine the influence of social media platforms on communication, community engagement, and the spread of information, as well as the challenges of misinformation and echo chambers.

II. The Effects of Mass Media on Individuals: A. Formation of Beliefs and Attitudes: 1. Agenda Setting: Discuss how mass media influences the issues and topics that capture public attention and shape individual opinions. 2. Framing and Priming: Explore how media framing and priming techniques shape the way individuals interpret and understand information.

B. Socialization and Identity: 1. Media Representations: Analyze the impact of media representations on the formation of social identities, including gender, race, and ethnicity. 2. Media Influence on Body Image: Discuss the role of mass media in shaping beauty standards and its impact on body image and self-esteem.

III. Mass Media and Societal Dynamics: A. Political Influence: 1. Media and Democracy: Examine the role of mass media in facilitating political participation, fostering informed citizenship, and holding those in power accountable. 2. Media Bias and Propaganda: Discuss the challenges of media bias, propaganda, and the implications for public trust in media institutions.

B. Cultural Transmission and Globalization: 1. Cultural Homogenization and Hybridization: Analyze the impact of mass media on cultural diversity, including the spread of globalized media content and the emergence of hybrid cultural forms. 2. Media and Cultural Hegemony: Discuss the potential for cultural dominance and the influence of media conglomerates on shaping cultural values and practices.

IV. Challenges and Responsibilities of Mass Media: A. Ethics and Responsibility: 1. Media Ethics: Explore the ethical considerations in media production, including accuracy, objectivity, and respect for privacy. 2. Responsible Journalism: Discuss the importance of responsible journalism in an era of sensationalism, clickbait, and misinformation.

B. Media Literacy and Critical Thinking: 1. Promoting Media Literacy: Highlight the significance of media literacy education in empowering individuals to critically analyze media messages and navigate the digital landscape. 2. Combating Misinformation: Examine the role of media literacy in combating misinformation and fake news, and the responsibility of media organizations in fact-checking and verification.

Conclusion Mass media holds immense power in shaping perspectives, influencing behaviors, and driving societal dynamics. Its reach, whether through traditional channels or digital platforms, has transformed the way we communicate, consume information, and construct our identities. By understanding the effects and challenges associated with mass media, we can navigate its influence more consciously, promote responsible media practices, and cultivate a media-literate society capable of engaging critically with the messages it delivers.

Mass Media Essay Example 2

Title: The Role of Mass Media in the Digital Age: Opportunities and Challenges

Introduction In the digital age, mass media has undergone a profound transformation, revolutionizing the way information is created, shared, and consumed. The rise of digital platforms and social media has expanded the reach of mass media, providing new opportunities for communication and engagement. However, this shift has also brought forth a range of challenges, including the spread of misinformation, privacy concerns, and the erosion of traditional media models. This essay explores the role of mass media in the digital age, examining its opportunities, challenges, and the implications for individuals and society.

I. The Digital Revolution and the Changing Landscape of Mass Media: A. Rise of Digital Platforms: 1. The emergence of social media and its impact on mass communication. 2. The democratization of content creation and the blurring of traditional media boundaries.

B. Fragmentation of Audiences: 1. The diversification of media consumption habits and the decline of traditional media channels. 2. The challenges and opportunities presented by niche audiences and personalized content.

II. Opportunities and Benefits of Mass Media in the Digital Age: A. Accessibility and Global Reach: 1. The democratization of information and increased access to news and knowledge. 2. The ability of mass media to bridge geographical and cultural divides.

B. Citizen Journalism and Participatory Culture: 1. The empowerment of individuals to contribute to the media landscape through user-generated content. 2. The role of social media in amplifying diverse voices and promoting civic engagement.

III. Challenges and Concerns in the Digital Media Landscape: A. Spread of Misinformation and Fake News: 1. The impact of misinformation on public discourse and decision-making processes. 2. The role of mass media in fact-checking, verification, and combating the spread of fake news.

B. Privacy and Data Security: 1. The ethical implications of data collection and surveillance in the digital media ecosystem. 2. The need for robust privacy regulations and individual empowerment in the digital age.

IV. Media Literacy and Critical Thinking in the Digital Era: A. Promoting Media Literacy: 1. The importance of media literacy education in navigating the digital media landscape. 2. Equipping individuals with critical thinking skills to evaluate media content and sources.

B. Responsible Media Practices: 1. The role of media organizations in upholding ethical standards and responsible reporting. 2. Encouraging transparency, accuracy, and accountability in the digital media environment.

V. The Future of Mass Media: A. Innovation and Adaptation: 1. The need for media organizations to embrace technological advancements and new storytelling formats. 2. Exploring emerging trends such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence.

B. Preserving Democratic Values: 1. Safeguarding the role of mass media in fostering informed citizenship and democratic processes. 2. Balancing commercial interests with the public interest in the digital media landscape.

Conclusion The digital age has presented both opportunities and challenges for mass media. While it has expanded access to information and facilitated citizen participation, it has also given rise to concerns regarding misinformation, privacy, and ethical practices. Navigating the evolving media landscape requires media literacy, critical thinking, and responsible media practices. By addressing these challenges and harnessing the potential of digital media, we can ensure that mass media continues to play a vital role in informing, engaging, and empowering individuals and society in the years to come.

Mass Media Essay Example 3

Title: Mass Media and Social Change: Catalysts for Progress and Challenges to Consider

Introduction Mass media has the power to shape public opinion, influence societal norms, and drive social change. Throughout history, mass media has played a significant role in raising awareness, mobilizing communities, and promoting progressive movements. This essay explores the dynamic relationship between mass media and social change, examining its role as a catalyst for progress, the challenges it faces, and the ethical considerations involved.

I. The Influence of Mass Media on Social Movements: A. Amplifying Voices: 1. The role of mass media in providing a platform for marginalized communities and underrepresented voices. 2. Examples of social movements that gained momentum through media coverage and public attention.

B. Mobilizing Communities: 1. The power of mass media in mobilizing individuals and communities for collective action. 2. The role of media campaigns, documentaries, and online platforms in fostering social activism.

II. Mass Media as an Agent of Awareness and Education: A. Raising Awareness of Social Issues: 1. The ability of mass media to shed light on social injustices, human rights violations, and global crises. 2. The impact of media coverage on public perception and engagement with social issues.

B. Educating and Empowering Individuals: 1. The role of mass media in disseminating information, promoting critical thinking, and fostering empathy. 2. The use of documentaries, news programs, and online resources to educate the public on social issues.

III. Challenges and Criticisms Associated with Mass Media and Social Change: A. Media Bias and Selective Reporting: 1. The influence of media bias on the portrayal and framing of social issues. 2. The need for balanced and objective reporting to ensure accuracy and credibility.

B. Commercialization and Sensationalism: 1. The impact of commercial interests on media content and the prioritization of profit over social impact. 2. The role of sensationalism in shaping public perception and undermining the integrity of social change movements.

IV. Ethical Considerations in Mass Media and Social Change: A. Representation and Authenticity: 1. The importance of diverse and authentic representation in media narratives. 2. Addressing stereotypes, misrepresentations, and cultural appropriation in media portrayals.

B. Accountability and Responsibility: 1. The ethical responsibilities of media organizations in reporting accurately and upholding journalistic integrity. 2. Balancing the pursuit of social change with the need for balanced reporting and informed public discourse.

V. The Future of Mass Media and Social Change: A. Technological Advancements and Opportunities: 1. The role of digital media in facilitating grassroots movements and online activism. 2. Exploring emerging technologies and their potential impact on social change efforts.

B. Collaboration and Collective Action: 1. The importance of collaboration between media organizations, activists, and communities to drive social change. 2. Harnessing the power of mass media to create a collective impact and sustainable social transformation.

Conclusion Mass media serves as a powerful catalyst for social change, raising awareness, mobilizing communities, and promoting progressive values. However, it also faces challenges such as bias, sensationalism, and ethical considerations. By addressing these challenges and embracing responsible media practices, mass media can continue to play a vital role in advancing social change, fostering dialogue, and creating a more just and inclusive society.

About Mr. Greg

Mr. Greg is an English teacher from Edinburgh, Scotland, currently based in Hong Kong. He has over 5 years teaching experience and recently completed his PGCE at the University of Essex Online. In 2013, he graduated from Edinburgh Napier University with a BEng(Hons) in Computing, with a focus on social media.

Mr. Greg’s English Cloud was created in 2020 during the pandemic, aiming to provide students and parents with resources to help facilitate their learning at home.

Whatsapp: +85259609792

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Mass Media - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

Mass media, a formidable force in shaping public opinion and cultural norms, encompasses a wide range of platforms including newspapers, television, radio, and digital outlets. Essays could delve into the historical evolution of mass media, exploring its role in political communication, social mobilization, and cultural exchange. The discourse might extend to the examination of the challenges and opportunities posed by the digital revolution, discussing issues like fake news, media literacy, and the consolidation of media ownership. Discussions could also focus on the societal and psychological impacts of mass media, exploring its influence on body image, consumer behavior, and political polarization. Moreover, a comprehensive exploration could include a discussion on the regulatory frameworks governing media, the ethical considerations in journalism, and the future of mass media in the face of emerging technologies and changing societal dynamics, offering a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted role of mass media in contemporary society. We have collected a large number of free essay examples about Mass Media you can find in Papersowl database. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Violence in the Mass Media

Violence has been shown through movies, TV shows, and video games since the early 1900s. The nation that we live in today has changed due to an increased demand for violence. The amount of violence shown needs to be reduced to help this generation and the ones to ones to come, while many argue the media has caused teens to show an increase in aggressive behavior everytime they watch or play something that involves violence. People tend to blame the […]

The Influence of Mass Media on the Standards of the Ideal Body Shape of Women

Many people in this world compare themselves to models and other individuals they encounter in their daily lives. They aspire to an idealized version of beauty, perpetuated largely by social media. This is particularly prevalent among teenagers who are grappling with health and mental issues. They constantly feel inadequate and fear judgement and ridicule. Today's society emphasizes physical attractiveness, pressuring both men and women to conform to perceived standards of beauty, which often involves altering their natural body shape. For […]

Fake News: a Major Problem in Today’s Society

Fake news is becoming a significant problem in today's society. People know what fake news is but fail to differentiate between fake and accurate news. Fake news is seen on almost all social media platforms. It is designed to attract the viewers' attention and misguide them. Tom Nichols, author of The Death of Expertise, believed that more than 80% of information on the Internet is fake, "worse, bad information can stay online for years," says Nichols. Unlike yesterday's newspaper, online […]

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Public Opinion: Mass Media and Social Media

Public policies are created to ensure the public’s safety and well-being. From amusement park regulations to laws on drinking and driving to more political issues, lawmakers put these policies in place for the best interests of the people. Sometimes the public does not find favor with these policies and have a different outlook of what the policy should be. This is called public opinion. These views and beliefs of an individual combined with a sizeable collective group, result in forming […]

An Issue of Fake News in World

Introduction Now-a-days, Technology is present everywhere. Its impact is seen in every part of the world. This growth of technology introduced lots of improvements in everyday life like online news, Virtual Friendships, Sharing photos and documents etc. While these can be the positive impacts, there are many negative impacts too. One of such negative impact is Fake News. Fake News occurs because of two terms. They are: Misinformation: This false information is because of honest mistakes shared by important organizations. […]

Influence of Social Media on Youth

Media is quickly evolving, especially social media that has captured the attention of many children. There are new forms of media that are coming up with the rapid rise in technology. It is clear that media has been influential factors on how it benefits children's interaction. Media is not only an essential part in influencing socialization among children, especially the peer group but now it has become part of the community marketing and motivation of people. However, it has been […]

Yellow Journalism Today

The word 'Yellow Journalism' was first heard in the 1890s to describe the methods and styles used by Joseph Pulitzer concerning the New York City newspaper. His competitor in the field of print media was William Randolph Hearst. Both authors were covering the exclamations of the war that created a lot of alarm among the people. They used powerful words on their headlines such as glory, slaughter, and death on the front page whenever possible to create curiosity and interest. […]

How Yellow Journalism Resulted to the Spanish-American War

How yellow journalism resulted to the Spanish-American war. The yellow journalism was started by Joseph Pulitzer in 1896 with a carton of yellow kid and sold many paper. It was characterized with emotional words, dramatic sympathy, false information and misleading headlines which had huge print to attract the attention of people. I had a lot of drawing, pictures and images. Now William Hearst the owner of New York stole the writers from Pulitzer to complete the yellow journalism (Wilkerson, 1932). […]

Internet Censorship should it be Allowed

One of the latest media inventions is internet. It has introduced a completely new way of communicating and expressing ideas and views on a great range of topics because it offers a lot of updated information, people prefer to deal with internet instead of any other media such as television or radio. Nowadays billions of people all over the world have access to the internet, simply, through a dial-up connection. In addition, everybody is able to create his/her homepage on […]

Facebook and Fake News

Introduction Since the 2016 election, the media issue of fake news has become a major topic of discussion. Fake news are invalid news articles and coverage that are meant to stir controversy and spread false information. The media has played an extremely huge role in the development and spread of fake news, particularly Facebook. However, Facebook has adopted an interesting stance regarding their response to tackle fake news and although its users and the public have other opinions, Facebook's obligations […]

Analysis of the Watchdog Role in Journalism

Chapter 10 of The Press explores the definition, key elements, and importance of Watchdog Journalism. Watchdog Journalism is a concept that has been and currently still is used in public journalism. It is an important foundation for bringing forth news to the public that may otherwise stay hidden. To begin, journalism has due-diligence to the public to report news that not only matters but affects them either emotionally or physically. Journalists implement the watchdog role in order to bring forth […]

Internet Censorship in China

An original supporter of internet censorship was Deng Xiaoping, a Chinese politician. Deng Xiaoping had a famous saying that "If you open a window for fresh air for longer than 10 hours, you have to expect some flies to blow in". Deng Xiaoping, as well as many other Chinese politicians, were the main reason internet censorship exists today. Using this analogy, the Communist Party of China decided that it would be best for them to be proactive in "swatting flies". […]

The Yellow Kid and the Birth of Yellow Journalism

In 1895, the first comic strip was printed in an American newspaper. Called "Hogan's Alley, this popular cartoon made by Richard Outcault featured a buck-toothed, beady-eyed and big-eared boy wearing a yellow nightdress. Fittingly called The Yellow Kid, this loveable character began to gain popularity in an era full of consumerism, commercialization, urbanization and social reform. Newspapers in the late 1800s started to engage heavily in sensationalism and the reporting of exciting stories without full regard to objectivity and truth. […]

Criminogenic Media

For a long time, lots of experts argued that there is an appearance of criminogenic media, which refers to the hypothesis that media content is a direct cause of crime (Surette, 2015). However, consensus does not exist. Some experts pointed out that the relationship between crime and media are not in a direct effect but in a correlation. Nevertheless, there is a relationship between criminogenic media and copycat crime. A copycat crime is “a crime inspired by earlier, media-publicized or […]

News and Democracy in Different Media Systems

Many decades ago, Siebert, Peterson, and Schramm (1959) posed a question related to the concepts of the press and its role in society, “Why is the press as it is? Why does it apparently serve different purposes and appear in widely different forms in different countries?” The answers to these questions led the authors to present the Authoritarian, the Soviet communist, the Libertarian, and the Social Responsibility models, which explain what the press should be and do in different countries. […]

Impact of Social Media has had on the Consumer Buying Behavior Model

In the past few years, there has been substantial growth in technology, providing people with what is commonly referred to as a virtual environment. This enables individuals to come together, thus increasing their interaction levels and creating numerous tools that have greatly exploited web services' capabilities. According to Mangold, this virtual environment has led to the advent of social media, which is rapidly becoming an essential component in integrating communication in marketing. It allows organizations to build strong relationships with […]

How Journalism has Affected our National Narrative

In this age of journalism there are numerous factors that play into the production and reliability of the information we receive. Taking into account a time where our country was less technologically advanced, "current news was primarily accessible to those who had seen it first hand or lived within a proximal distance. The evolution of technology has allowed a secondary source on one side of the world to present news and information to a consumer on another side of the […]

Effects of Multi Media on Violence in School

School violence on students can cause psychological and physical pain. The physical pain they get can cause them to be hospitalized. Sometimes that school violence cause students to shoot up schools. People's aggressive behavior increased watching aggressive programs on TV. Students that watch aggressive TV show start to become tougher and less emotional. TV mainly effect students because in the show they watch they become aggressive with other people. Research has also shown that the viewers who watch violent shows […]

Adolescents in the United States

Adolescents in the United States have an unlimited amount of access to a multitude of the different types of mass media, including television, music, movies, and the Internet practically social media sites. The majority of these adolescents tend to utilize their time focusing on the media rather than the education they receive in the school or their parents. The majority of this content idealizes being sexually active, including different types of sex messages with dialogue and content. Few of these […]

Modern Day Censorship: Syria

How much do we value our freedom of speech as citizens of the United States of America? Would you risk your life to report news that might make an impact in the lives of many? Many countries around the world maintain very strict guidelines in what can be reported and broadcasted. In many countries this amount of strict censorship could even lead to you getting either tortured or killed. One modern day censored country would be the Middle Eastern country […]

The Future that Journalism Holds

Journalism continues to evolve at the same rate as the country's interpretations of the First Amendment. Because of the continual advances in technology around the world, society must question the state of journalism, and whether or not its older principles are still applicable to modern standards. As Stephen J.A. Ward highlights in his article Digital Media Ethics: "Most of the principles were developed over the past century, originating in the construction of professional, objective ethics for mass commercial newspapers in […]

Stereotypes in Media

Media is an important and popular entertainment. People also obtain information and form their impressions on characters who are represented in media. As a result, racism media will implement the stereotypes into people’s mind. Unfortunately, American media has a long history of producing media contents with bias and stereotypes. This enhanced the racism which has a long history in America. Racism and stereotypes have serious consequences such as stereotype threat and media are one of the forces that push them. […]

Defining Censorship

Censorship is the restriction of speech, communication or other information. Censorship affects our society in different ways. Censorship is usually determined by the government or a private foundation. It influences the music we tune in to, news articles, films, and the books we read. Censorship is a widely debated topic, and can be either harmful or protective to a society. It is possible to argue that censorship has no place in a nation that focuses on freedom of expression, because […]

Fake News Epidemic Within Society

'Fake News' as the false stories that fail to get flagged as inaccurate or just plain false in order to be considered validated, and thus are seen as more accurate. Many individuals then begin to share the misinformation taking it for facts because it has an appealing headline, or because it reinforces their viewpoint. Such an effect is particularly important given that it is extremely easier to produce misinformation than it is to debunk it. I am interested in this […]

Is Instagram Really that Bad

Instagram, Snapchat, Youtube, and other types of social media have become a tremendous part of our lives. Social media takes a big role in society today as we know it whether it be good or bad. Instagram is a well known social media platform used by millions of people daily. Instagram is a photo and video sharing app along with live streaming, 24 hour stories, video and direct messaging. Instagram is not as bad as it is panned out to […]

LGBT in Modern Society

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Essay on Mass Media

Students are often asked to write an essay on Mass Media in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Mass Media

Introduction.

Mass media refers to various platforms that communicate and distribute information to a large number of people. These include television, radio, newspapers, and the internet.

Role of Mass Media

Mass media plays a crucial role in society. It educates, entertains, and informs people. It also influences public opinion and trends.

Types of Mass Media

There are traditional forms like print media (newspapers, magazines) and broadcast media (TV, radio). The internet is a modern form, including social media, blogs, and news websites.

In conclusion, mass media is a powerful tool that can shape society. It is vital to use it responsibly for the benefit of all.

Also check:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Media
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250 Words Essay on Mass Media

Introduction to mass media.

Mass media refers to the diverse array of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. It encompasses various forms of communication tools such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and digital platforms. The power of mass media lies in its ability to disseminate information, influence public opinion, and shape societal norms.

The Evolution of Mass Media

The journey of mass media began with print media, with the invention of the printing press in the 15th century. The advent of electronic media, such as radio and television, in the 20th century, revolutionized the way information was shared. In the digital age, the internet has further transformed mass media, allowing for instantaneous global communication and interactivity.

Impact of Mass Media on Society

Mass media plays a pivotal role in shaping public opinion and culture. It has the power to influence political discourse, societal norms, and individual behavior. However, it can also propagate misinformation, leading to public confusion and mistrust. Hence, the ethical use of mass media is crucial.

The Future of Mass Media

The future of mass media lies in its convergence with digital technology. With the emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning, mass media is likely to become even more personalized and interactive. However, this also raises concerns about privacy and the potential manipulation of information.

In conclusion, mass media, as a powerful tool of communication, has a profound impact on society. Its evolution and future developments pose both opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed responsibly.

500 Words Essay on Mass Media

Mass media, an essential component of modern society, plays a pivotal role in shaping public opinion and disseminating information. It includes various platforms such as newspapers, radio, television, and the internet, which collectively serve as a mirror reflecting societal norms, values, and transformations.

The Role of Mass Media

Mass media is not merely an information-dissemination tool; it is a potent force in shaping public opinion and culture. It serves as a platform for debate, influencing political discourse and social issues. It has the power to set the agenda for public discourse, highlighting certain issues while downplaying others, thereby influencing what the public perceives as significant.

Democratization of Information

The advent of the internet and digital platforms has democratized information access, transforming mass media’s role. Previously, media was a one-way communication channel, with the public as passive consumers. However, the internet has made the public active participants, enabling them to generate, share, and react to content. This shift has democratized media, giving voice to previously unheard sections of society.

Mass Media and Social Change

Mass media has the potential to drive social change by bringing social issues to the forefront. It can expose injustices, spark debates, and drive collective action. For instance, the #MeToo movement gained momentum through social media, leading to significant shifts in societal attitudes towards sexual harassment.

The Dark Side of Mass Media

However, the power of mass media can also be misused, leading to negative societal impacts. The proliferation of fake news and misinformation, especially on social media platforms, is a significant concern. Moreover, media platforms can be used to spread hate speech, incite violence, or manipulate public opinion, as seen in various instances globally.

The Need for Media Literacy

Given mass media’s influence, media literacy is crucial. It involves the ability to critically analyze media content, discerning between credible information and misinformation. Media literacy education can empower individuals, enabling them to make informed decisions and participate effectively in the digital age.

In conclusion, mass media is a double-edged sword with the power to shape society positively or negatively. As we navigate this digital age, it is crucial to harness its potential for societal good, while mitigating its negative impacts. This balancing act requires critical media literacy, stringent regulations, and active participation from all stakeholders. The future of mass media is not just about technological advancements, but also about the ethical and responsible use of these powerful platforms.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Mass Media Essay For Students in English

Table of Contents

Mass Media Essay: Mass media encompasses a diverse array of communication channels, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and digital platforms. Its significance lies in its role as a powerful tool for informing, entertaining, and influencing society on a global scale. Mass media shapes public opinion, disseminates information, and reflects and shapes cultural norms and values. Students might find writing an essay on mass media highlighting its significance and impact a bit difficult. Here we are with this article to help you with essay writing on this topic. In this article, we have provided sample essays of different lengths, ranging from 100 to 500 words on the realm of mass media and its multifaceted influence.

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Long and Short Mass Media Essays

Short essay on mass media of 100 words.

Mass media plays a significant role in today’s society. It refers to a wide range of communication platforms, such as television, radio, newspapers, and the internet, that reach a large audience. The primary purpose of mass media is to inform, entertain, and persuade. It keeps us updated with current events, broadcasts various forms of entertainment, and presents different perspectives on important issues.

While mass media can be a powerful tool for democracy and education, it is crucial to consume media critically and discerningly to avoid misinformation and manipulation. In a world driven by technology and constant connectivity, it is essential for high school students to be media literate and aware of the influence of mass media.

Mass Media Essay of 250 Words

Mass media encompasses a wide range of communication channels that have become an integral part of our daily lives. Television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet collectively form the backbone of mass media. Its primary purpose is to reach a large audience and convey information, news, entertainment, and advertisements.

One of the most significant roles of mass media is to inform the public. News outlets, both traditional and digital, deliver news from around the world, keeping people updated on current events, politics, science, and culture. In this way, mass media acts as a bridge between people and the world.

Additionally, mass media influences public opinion. It shapes our perceptions and beliefs, often by highlighting certain issues and downplaying others. Media has the power to set agendas, influence social norms, and even impact political decisions.

media also serves as a source of entertainment. Television programs, movies, music, and online content provide an escape from daily routines and offer a variety of choices to suit diverse tastes.

In the digital age, social media platforms have gained immense popularity, allowing individuals to become content creators and share their perspectives with a global audience. This democratization of media has transformed the way information is disseminated and has given rise to citizen journalism.

In conclusion, mass media is a powerful force that shapes our worldviews, informs us, entertains us, and influences our choices. Its impact is widespread and profound, making it a central aspect of modern society.

Short Essay on Mass Media of 300 Words

Mass media is an integral part of modern society, encompassing various communication channels that reach large audiences simultaneously. These channels include television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet, and they serve multiple functions, from informing and educating to entertaining and influencing.

One of the primary functions of mass media is to inform the public. News outlets, both traditional and digital, deliver news from around the world, providing information on current events, politics, science, and culture. Mass media acts as a vital link between individuals and the broader world, helping people stay informed and connected.

In addition to providing information, mass media shapes public opinion. It influences our perceptions and beliefs by highlighting certain issues, framing narratives, and emphasizing specific perspectives. The media’s ability to set agendas and sway public sentiment makes it a potent tool in shaping society.

Mass media is also a significant source of entertainment. Television programs, movies, music, online videos, and gaming provide a wide range of choices to cater to diverse tastes. These forms of entertainment offer relaxation and an escape from the demands of daily life.

The digital age has brought about a transformation in the media landscape, with the rise of social media platforms. Social media allows individuals to become content creators and share their viewpoints with a global audience. It has empowered citizen journalism and facilitated real-time communication and activism.

However, it’s important to recognize that mass media can also have drawbacks, such as sensationalism, bias, and the spread of misinformation. In this digital era, discernment and critical thinking are crucial when consuming media.

In conclusion, mass media is a multifaceted phenomenon that serves as a cornerstone of contemporary society. It informs, influences, entertains, and connects us, making it an essential aspect of our daily lives.

Long Essay on Mass Media of 500 Words

Mass media refers to various means of communication that reach a wide audience, such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and social media platforms. It plays a significant role in shaping our society and influencing our thoughts, opinions, and behaviors. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of mass media, its impact on society, and the responsibility it carries.

Firstly, mass media is essential for disseminating information to the public. It acts as a bridge between the people and the world, providing us with news and updates on important events happening locally and globally. Whether it is political affairs, economic developments, or social issues, mass media serves as a platform to educate and inform the public. It allows us to stay connected and aware of what is happening around us, which is crucial for active participation in society.

Secondly, mass media has a profound influence on society and culture. It has the power to shape public opinion, attitudes, and behaviors. Through its various mediums, it can highlight certain issues, set agendas, and create trends. For instance, television shows and movies significantly impact fashion, lifestyle choices, and societal norms. Advertisements also play a crucial role in influencing consumer behavior and promoting certain products and services. Therefore, media has the ability to both reflect and shape the values and ideals of a society.

However, with great power comes great responsibility. Mass media carries the responsibility of ensuring unbiased and accurate reporting. Unfortunately, media bias and misinformation are pressing concerns. Certain media outlets may have hidden agendas or political affiliations, which can lead to skewed reporting and the spread of misinformation. This can have severe consequences, such as the dissemination of false news, increased polarization, and the erosion of public trust. In order to uphold its credibility, the mass media needs to prioritize balanced reporting and fact-checking.

Furthermore, the mass media can be a double-edged sword when it comes to content consumption. On one hand, it provides a platform for diverse voices and perspectives, promoting inclusivity and democracy. It allows marginalized communities and underrepresented individuals to have their stories heard. On the other hand, mass media can also perpetuate stereotypes, reinforce existing biases, and contribute to the digital divide. It is crucial for users to critically analyze the content they consume and actively seek out diverse sources to ensure a well-rounded understanding of the world.

In conclusion, mass media plays a crucial role in society, acting as a source of information, a shaper of culture, and a platform for public discourse. However, it also carries immense responsibility in terms of accurate reporting, avoidance of biases, and the promotion of diverse voices. As consumers of media, it is vital for us to critically analyze the content we consume and actively participate in shaping the role that mass media plays in our lives. By doing so, we can ensure that the mass media continues to be a force for positive change and progress in our society.

FAQs on Mass Media Essay

What is mass media.

Mass media refers to various communication channels, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet, designed to reach a large audience simultaneously.

How does mass media influence society?

Mass media influences society by shaping public opinion, disseminating information, providing entertainment, setting agendas, and impacting cultural norms and behaviors.

What are the types of mass media?

The types of mass media include television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and digital platforms such as websites and social media.

How does mass media impact politics?

Mass media plays a significant role in politics by covering elections, political campaigns, and government policies. It can influence voter opinions and public perception of political figures.

What is the role of social media in mass media?

Social media is a subset of mass media that empowers individuals to create and share content. It has revolutionized communication, enabling real-time interactions and citizen journalism.

How does mass media affect our daily lives?

Mass media informs us about current events, entertains us with various content, and shapes our worldview, influencing our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

What is the impact of mass media on culture?

Mass media reflects and influences cultural trends, including fashion, music, art, and social norms. It can contribute to the globalization of culture.

Is mass media always reliable?

Mass media can vary in reliability. It's essential to critically evaluate sources and cross-check information to ensure accuracy and avoid misinformation.

What is the future of mass media in the digital age?

Mass media is evolving in the digital age, with increasing reliance on online platforms and user-generated content. The future includes more interactive and personalized media experiences.

What is a short note on mass media?

Mass media encompasses various communication channels that reach a broad audience, including television, radio, newspapers, and the internet, serving as a vital source of information, entertainment, and influence.

What is the main importance of mass media?

The main importance of mass media lies in its ability to shape public opinion, disseminate information, provide a platform for free expression, and facilitate communication on a global scale, making it a cornerstone of modern society.

Essay on Mass Media [ Importance, Advantages & Disadvantages ]

Essay on Mass Media | Concept, Importance, Advantages of Mass Media in Life

Mass media is defined as a means of communication that reaches a large audience. This can include television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet. Mass media has become an important part of our society, and it plays a significant role in our lives.

There are many different types of mass media, and each one has its own unique benefits and drawbacks. Television is a great way to stay informed about current events, but it can also be a time waster. Radio is a great way to stay entertained while you are driving, but it can also be a distraction. Newspapers are a great way to keep up with the news, but they can also be full of ads. Magazines are a great way to stay informed about current events, but they can be expensive. The internet is a great way to access information, but it can also be a source of misinformation.

>>> Related Post: ” Essay on Role of Youth in Nation Building ”

Importance of Mass Media in Life

Each type of mass media has its own unique benefits and drawbacks. However, overall, mass media is an important part of our lives. It helps us stay informed about current events, it entertains us, and it provides us with access to information. It’s important to be aware of the benefits and drawbacks of each type of mass media so that you can choose the ones that work best for you.

Students can take maximum benefits from mass media by using it wisely. They can watch informative shows on television, listen to news and talk shows on the radio, read newspapers and magazines, and use the internet to find reliable information. It’s important for students to be aware of the benefits and drawbacks of each type of mass media so that they can make informed decisions about how to use it.

>>>> Read Also : “Paragraph On Daily Newspaper”

Therefore, mass media is an important aspect of our life. It has both benefits and drawbacks, which we should be aware of. We should use it wisely to get the most out of it.

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Essay On Media

Keeping up with the most recent developments is critical in today's society. People can get the most recent and important news through the media. The media is the most commonly used medium for receiving information from north to south or east to west. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘Media’.

100 Words Essay On Media

200 word essay on media, 500 word essay on media.

The media has an impact on the reputation of a political party, organisation, or individual. Media keeps people informed about current happenings in politics, culture, art, academia, communication, and commerce. Different forms of media help modern civilization in remaining in touch with the world in the shortest amount of time.

The media is all around us; we are immersed in it even when we are not aware of it. It is seen in newspapers, television, and technological gadgets such as cell phones. We perceive it as a tool for speeding time or distancing ourselves from what is going on in other people's lives.

Social media is a tool that has become immensely popular among all ages due to its user-friendly interface. The youth are the most prevalent social media user demographics, which is both remarkable and concerning.

Imagery from the media abounds in today's culture. We know this since we may see posters advertising well-known brands and the latest products almost anywhere we go, such as while driving on the highway. When we are drawn to advertisements, we may begin to imagine or visualise ourselves using them.

The media can tell us about a product, service, or message. Today, media influence is so powerful that it may easily influence public opinion both positively and negatively. We also live in a society that is heavily reliant on the media for entertainment and information. Indeed, pictures in the media have an effect on both people and society, especially women, men, teenagers, and young children.

Simultaneously, media such as television, broadens our perspective by providing us with access to facts from all around the world. Television may also provide us with a wide range of news and current happenings. It can also be a useful learning tool, guiding future generations in the proper direction.

The media has a large influence on our lives. We educate ourselves on a regular basis by staying up with the latest events. The news serves a crucial role in keeping us informed about current affairs and global happenings. For example, because of globalization, you can read about current happenings in the United States of America even if you live in India.

The media is the most significant communication tool. It aids in the delivery or dissemination of news. Although the media is also associated with spreading fake news, it also plays an important role in informing us about reality. We cannot deny that this world is filled with so many social problems that we require the media to spotlight these concerns so that the government or other individuals can take action to resolve these social issues.

Role Of Media

When it comes to the media, it is regarded as the fourth element of democracy. It's the most comprehensive repository of information on the globe. Everyone hope and expects the media to provide us with the most complete and accurate news in any situation. As a result, the media plays an important role in balancing all areas of our society.

It is crucial for teaching and informing global citizens about what is happening around the world. As a result, supplying readers with truthful and authentic news is vital for societal growth. The case of Aayushi Talvaar is a good illustration of how the media works.

Advantages Of Media

Education | The media educates the public. The mob learns about health issues, environmental preservation, and a variety of other relevant topics through television or radio programming.

Keeps Us Informed | People obtain the most recent news in a timely manner. Distance is not a barrier to providing knowledge to people from anywhere on the planet. People receive the daily latest news from media sites, which keep them current on the latest trends and happenings throughout the world.

Knowledge | The media can help you learn more about a variety of topics.

Amusement | It is a great source of entertainment. People are amused by music and television shows.

Disadvantages Of Media

Individualism | People spend far too much time watching or binge-watching stuff on the internet. As a result, their relationships with friends, family, and neighbours may suffer as a result.

Fraud and Cybercrime | The Internet is lurking with imposters, fraudsters, hackers, and other predators with the opportunity to commit criminal acts without the victims' knowledge.

Addiction | For most children and adults, some television shows and internet media can be quite addictive, resulting in a decrease in productivity.

Health Issues | Prolonged television viewing or internet bingeing can cause visual difficulties, and prolonged exposure to loud noises via headphones or earphones can cause hearing impairments.

Malware and Fake Profiles | Anyone can set up an anonymous account and pretend to be someone else. Anyone with access to such profiles might use them for malevolent purposes, such as spreading misinformation, which can harm the image of any targeted people or company.

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The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi .

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials.

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.

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Essay on Mass Media 1000+ Words

Mass media plays a significant role in our lives, shaping the way we receive information, interact with the world, and make decisions. In this essay, we will explore the importance of mass media, its impact on society, and how it has become an integral part of our daily lives.

Information Dissemination

Mass media serves as a powerful tool for information dissemination. It delivers news, updates, and knowledge to people worldwide. Statistics show that television, newspapers, and online platforms are primary sources of information for a vast majority of the population.

Education and Awareness

Mass media is an essential educational resource. It provides opportunities for learning, raising awareness, and sharing knowledge. Educational programs, documentaries, and online courses are readily accessible through various media channels.

Shaping Public Opinion

Mass media influences public opinion and helps shape our understanding of current events and issues. Expert opinions and analysis provided by journalists and experts guide our perception of the world. Media outlets often serve as watchdogs, holding governments and institutions accountable.

Entertainment and Culture

Mass media offers a wide range of entertainment, from movies and television shows to music and literature. It reflects and shapes our culture, showcasing different perspectives and creative expressions. Experts highlight the role of media in preserving and promoting cultural heritage.

Social Connection

In an increasingly digital world, mass media facilitates social connection. Social media platforms, for instance, allow people to connect, share experiences, and build communities. Statistics indicate that billions of people use social media to stay connected with friends and family.

Advertising and Consumerism

Advertising is a significant aspect of mass media. It influences consumer choices, promotes products and services, and drives the economy. Expert opinions emphasize the role of advertising in shaping consumer behavior and driving economic growth.

Political Influence

Mass media plays a critical role in politics. It informs citizens about government actions, elections, and policy decisions. Media outlets provide a platform for political discourse and debates. Statistics reveal that many voters rely on media coverage to make informed political decisions.

Public Health and Awareness

Mass media contributes to public health by disseminating information about health risks, medical breakthroughs, and healthy lifestyles. It raises awareness about epidemics, emergencies, and vaccination campaigns. Experts stress the role of the media in promoting public health initiatives.

Environmental Awareness

Mass media helps raise awareness about environmental issues and climate change. Documentaries, news reports, and educational programs inform the public about environmental challenges and encourage sustainable practices. Statistics show that media coverage influences public support for environmental policies.

Adaptation and Evolution

Mass media continues to adapt and evolve with technological advancements. It has transitioned from traditional forms like newspapers and television to digital platforms, enabling real-time information sharing and global connectivity. Expert opinions predict ongoing changes and innovations in the media landscape.

Conclusion of Essay on Mass Media

In conclusion, mass media is an integral part of our modern world, influencing how we receive information, make decisions, and connect with one another. It serves as a valuable source of information, education, and entertainment. Mass media shapes public opinion, reflects our culture, and plays a significant role in politics, advertising, and public health.

As a fifth-grader, you can start by using mass media responsibly and critically evaluating the information you encounter. Be aware of the impact it can have on your understanding of the world and the choices you make. Mass media is a powerful tool, and by using it wisely, you can become a more informed and responsible consumer of information in our media-driven society.

Also Check: List of 500+ Topics for Writing Essay

Beyond Intractability

The Hyper-Polarization Challenge to the Conflict Resolution Field: A Joint BI/CRQ Discussion BI and the Conflict Resolution Quarterly invite you to participate in an online exploration of what those with conflict and peacebuilding expertise can do to help defend liberal democracies and encourage them live up to their ideals.

Follow BI and the Hyper-Polarization Discussion on BI's New Substack Newsletter .

Hyper-Polarization, COVID, Racism, and the Constructive Conflict Initiative Read about (and contribute to) the Constructive Conflict Initiative and its associated Blog —our effort to assemble what we collectively know about how to move beyond our hyperpolarized politics and start solving society's problems.

By Jennifer Akin and Heidi Burgess

Original Publication (of Jennifer Akin's essay): March 2005.

Current Implications and new material was added by Heidi Burgess in June 2020.

Current Implications

Jennifer Akin wrote this article fifteen years ago, and while most of what it said then is still very much true, it is astonishing, to me at least, how much these trends have been accelerated with the new forms of media (particularly social media) that didn't exist when this essay was first written. Since we no longer are in contact with the author (who was a graduate student working with us in 2005), I (Heidi Burgess) have taken the liberty of updating this essay by adding additional material about what has happened in the period 2005-2020. More...

"Mass media" is a deceptively simple term encompassing a countless array of institutions and individuals who differ in purpose, scope, method, and cultural context. Mass media include all forms of information communicated to large groups of people, from a handmade sign to an international news network. There is no standard for how large the audience needs to be before communication becomes "mass" communication. There are also no constraints on the type of information being presented. A car advertisement, a fake social media post coming from Russia, and a U.N. resolution are all examples of mass media.

Because "media" is such a broad term, it will be helpful in this discussion to focus on a limited definition. In general usage, the term has been taken to refer to only "the group of corporate entities, publishers, journalists, and others who constitute the communications industry and profession." This definition includes both the entertainment and news industries. Another common term, especially in talking about conflict, is "news media." News media include only the news industry. It is often used interchangeably with "the press" or the group of people who write and report the news.

I n 2020, this definition of mass media is clearly too narrow. Social media--including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Tumblr and the like -- allows anyone in the world to post pretty much anything they want--true or false--with very little oversight or censorship. This has resulted in the widespread use of "bots"--computers--that generate millions of fake, almost always inflammatory, stories which they widely post on these social media apps, masquarading as real people, even as known friends of real people. This is thought to significantly sway public opinion toward the extremes--in the U.S., for example, making conservatives think that liberals are far worse than they really are, and making liberals think the opposite. The result is increasing polarization of both the electorate and our decision makers, making our political processes largely dysfunctional.

At the same time, in the U.S., the Trump administration has demonized the legitimate news media, calling any story that criticizes him, and others, "fake news," and declaring journalists to be "enemies of the people." This has led his followers to rely on media that is friendly to Trump--Fox News and social media, and to distrust anything they get from traditional news outlets. It has also led to numerous physical attacks on journalists. Most recently, this happened on several occassions during the May-June 2020 protests about police brutality following the death of George Floyd.

Attacking journalists is not limited to the United States of course. Perhaps the most high-profile recent example was the Saudi Arabian murder of Jamal Khashoggi, a Washington Post reporter and Saudi dissident, who was assassinated in the Saudi consulate in Instanbul in 2018. But journalists have been at risk world wide for a long time. The Committee to Protect Journalists reports that 1373 Journalists have been killed between 1992 and 2020, all over the world.

So being a journalist is a dangerous business, and it seems to be getting more dangerous all the time.

Going back to what Jennifer Akin wrote in 2005, the distinction between news and entertainment can at times be fuzzy, but news is technically facts and interpretation of facts, including editorial opinions, expressed by journalism professionals. Which facts are included, how they are reported, how much interpretation is given, and how much space or time is devoted to a news event is determined by journalists and management and will depend on a variety of factors ranging from the editorial judgment of the reporters and editors, to other news events competing for the same time or space, to corporate policies that reflect management's biases.

The distinction between news, entertainment, and opinion has gotten much fuzzier since 2005. The U.S.-based Daily Show, aired on the cable news channel Comedy Central, hosted by Jon Stewart from 1999-2015, was one of the earliest (and best known) examples of a TV show that blended news and entertainment. (It still does so, although the host is now Trevor Noah.) Although Stewart defended his clear leftist bias at the time by asserting the show was "only entertainment," many people--particularly young people, relied on the Daily Show as their primary or only sounce of news. [12]

"Legitimate" news organizations, too, seem now to be blurring the distinction between "news" and "opinion." In response to the New York Times' firing of its Editorial Page director, James Bennet, over the publication of an op-ed by Republican U.S. Senator Tom Cotton in June 2020, Roger Cohen penned an editorial arguing that "both sides" journalism is under attack by those who advocate journalism that operates from a "place of moral clarity." [13]. This notion is echoed and taken further by another Times opinion writer, Ross Douthat, who wrote (also in response to the Bennet firing)

[There is a] growing newsroom assumption that greater diversity should actually lead to a more singular perspective on the news, a journalism of “truth” rather than “objectivity,” in which issues that involve black — or gay or female or transgender or immigrant — interests are covered less as complex debates and more as stories of good versus evil. ... The results of this shift have been particularly apparent lately at this newspaper, especially in the transformed relationship between our news and opinion pages. The Times of my youth and adolescence aspired to be nonpartisan in its news gathering, while the editorial page was frankly liberal and the Op-Ed page mostly (William Safire excepted) left-of-center. But as our news pages have become more ideological, oriented toward the perceived truths of the successor ideology — a shift documented last year by Zach Goldberg, a Ph.D student at Georgia State, in a series of striking charts showing how the shifting vocabulary of activists has taken off in Times stories — the Op-Ed page has gone from being to the left of the news pages to being, strangely, somewhat to their right. [14]

Mass communicated media saturated the industrialized world in 2005; this is true for the non-industrialized world, too, in 2020.) The television in the living room, the newspaper on the doorstep (not so much anymore!), the radio in the car, the computer and tablet, the fliers in the mailbox, and now most importantly, perhaps in 2020, the cell phone are just a few of the media channels daily delivering advertisements, news, opinion, music, and other forms of mass communication.

Because the media are so prevalent, they have an extremely powerful impact on how we view the world. Nearly everything we know about current events and politics comes from the media--it is only the most local and personal events that are experienced first-hand. Events in the larger community, the state, the country, and the rest of the world are experienced almost entirely through the media, be it a professional journalist or a "citizen journalist" posting on social media.

Not only do the media report the news, they create the news by deciding what to report. The "top story" of the day has to be picked from the millions of things that happened that particular day. After something is deemed newsworthy, there are decisions on how much time or space to give it, whom to interview, what pictures to use, and how to frame it. Often considered by editors, but seldom discussed, is how the biases and interests of management will impact these determinations. All of these decisions add up to the audience's view of the world, and those who influence the decisions influence the audience.

The media, therefore, have enormous importance to conflict resolution because they are the primary -- and frequently only -- source of information regarding conflicts. If a situation doesn't make the news (now including social media), it simply does not exist for most people. When peaceful options such as negotiation and other collaborative problem-solving techniques are not covered, or their successes are not reported, they become invisible and are not likely to be considered or even understood as possible options in the management of a conflict.

The news media thrive on conflict. The lead story for most news programs is typically the most recent and extreme crime or disaster. Conflict attracts viewers, listeners, and readers to the media; the greater the conflict the greater the audience, and large audiences are imperative to the financial success of media outlets. Therefore, it is often in the media's interest to not only report conflict, but to play it up, making it seem more intense than it really is. Long-term, on-going conflict-resolution processes such as mediation are not dramatic and are often difficult to understand and report, especially since the proceedings are almost always closed to the media. Thus conflict resolution stories are easily pushed aside in favor of the most recent, the most colorful, and the most shocking aspects of a conflict. Groups that understand this dynamic can cater to it in order to gain media attention. Common criteria for terrorist attacks include timing them to coincide with significant dates, targeting elites, choosing sites with easy media access, and aiming for large numbers of casualties.[1] Protesters will hoist their placards and start chanting when the television cameras come into view. It is not unusual for camera crews or reporters to encourage demonstrators into these actions so they can return to their studios with exciting footage. The resulting media coverage can bestow status and even legitimacy on marginal opposition groups, so television coverage naturally becomes one of their planned strategies and top priorities. The "30-second sound bite" has become a familiar phrase in television and radio news and alert public figures strategize to use it to their advantage.

In most parts of the industrialized world, the news has to "sell," because the handful of giant media conglomerates that control most of the press (media outlets) place a high priority on profitable operations. Their CEOs are under relentless pressure to generate high returns on their shareholders' investments. Media companies face tight budgets and fierce competition, which often translate into fewer foreign correspondents, heavy reliance on sensationalism, space and time constraints, and a constant need for new stories. Reporters with pressing deadlines may not have time to find and verify new sources. Instead they tend to rely on government reports, press releases, and a stable of vetted sources, which are usually drawn from "reliable" companies and organizations. Most overseas bureaus have been replaced by "parachute journalism," where a small news crew spends a few days or less in the latest hotspot. These same media outlets are also dependent upon advertisement revenue, and that dependence can compromise their impartiality. Many newspapers and television stations think twice before reporting a story that might be damaging to their advertisers, and will choose to avoid the story, if possible. According to a survey taken in 2000, "...about one in five (20 percent) of local and (17 percent) (of) national reporters say they have faced criticism or pressure from their bosses after producing or writing a piece that was seen as damaging to their company's financial interests."[2] The drive to increase advertising revenue has led many local news shows to measure out world news in seconds to accommodate longer weather and sports reports.

In 2005, (Aiken wrote) the news that was reported in the West came from an increasingly concentrated group of corporate- and individually-owned conglomerates. The majority of all media outlets in the United States and a large share of those internationally were owned by a handful of corporations: Vivendi/Universal, AOL/Time Warner (CNN), The Walt Disney Co. (ABC), News Corporation (FOX), Viacom (CBS), General Electric (NBC), and Bertelsmann.[3] These companies' holdings included international news outlets, magazines, television, books, music, and movies as well as large commercial subsidiaries that were not part of the media. Many of these companies are the result of mergers and acquisitions that began in the 1980s, when Ronald Reagan's de-regulatory policies began to facilitate such consolidation, and further mergers have occurred ever since.

Recently (now speaking of the period 2015-2020), this trend has continued and even accelerated. It has been particularly evident in "local news." Edmund Andrews, from Stanford wrote in 2019 that

Local TV news shows collectively attract 25 million nightly viewers, far more than national cable programs such as Fox News and MSNBC. And that’s been attractive to major media conglomerates, which have been snapping up local TV stations in recent years. As of 2016, five big companies controlled 37% of these stations. [15]

Andrews sites a study co-authored by Gregory Martin of the Stanford Graduate School of Business and Joshua McCrain of Emory University who studied the behavior an impact of such conglomerate, the Sinclair Broadcast Group, which, at the time, owned 191 stations that reached almost 40% of the U.S. population. It has attracted attention, Andrews points out, for its conservative political views.

During the 2016 election campaign, for example, Sinclair stations aired 15 “exclusive” interviews with Donald Trump. In 2017, it hired a former Trump White House official as its chief political analyst and made his commentaries must-run on all stations. Last year, all of its anchors were ordered to read an identical script that echoed Trump’s rhetoric about “fake news” . [16] ... The first thing they found was that the newly acquired Sinclair stations increased the time allocated to national politics by about 25%. That increase came largely at the expense of local political news. Existing Sinclair stations also allocated about 25% more time than their rivals to national politics. [17]

The result of this trend is negative for two reasons. One, the increase in national coverage comes with a decrease in local converage. This results in a decrease in citizens' knowledge about and engagement with the politicians and issues in their own communities. So one potentially important way in which "ordinary citizens" can become empowered and engaged in issues that affect their lives--through their local political processes--is increasingly turned off to them.

In addition, the Stanford/Emory study suggested that media conglomerates could sway national elections.

“There is a lot of evidence from other research that the political content of news affects election outcomes,” Martin says. “So the evidence that we present, which shows that the tastes of media owners affect local news content, means the owners of media outlets have a lot of political power. That’s something that regulators of media should take into account.” [18]

The same thing is happening with local newspapers--they have been increasingly bought out by large conglomerates such as GateHouse Media (which recently bought Gannet, also a large conglomerate owner of local papers), and Alden Global Capital. According to Leonhardt of the New York Times (and many other observers as well,) these conglomerates don't care at all about the quality of local media. Rather, they usually gut the papers of reporters, replacing the local coverage with one-size-fits all national news, slanted the way the conglomerate wants. Or they just run the newspapers into the ground and close them down. According to Julie Bosman, also of the New York Times,

School board and city council meetings are going uncovered. Overstretched reporters receive promising tips about stories but have no time to follow up. Newspapers publish fewer pages or less frequently or, in hundreds of cases across the country, are shuttered completely. All of this has added up to a crisis in local news coverage in the United States that has frayed communities and left many Americans woefully uninformed, according to a report by PEN America released on Wednesday. [19]

Quoting the report by PEN America, she says

“A vibrant, responsive democracy requires enlightened citizens, and without forceful local reporting they are kept in the dark,” the report said. “At a time when political polarization is increasing and fraudulent news is spreading, a shared fact-based discourse on the issues that most directly affect us is more essential and more elusive than ever.” [20]

The report, itself, goes onto say:

Without reliable information on how tax dollars are spent, how federal policy affects local communities, and whether local elected officials are meeting constituent needs, how can citizens make informed choices about who should govern? [21]

Going back to Aiken's words in 2005, in addition to the control exercised by owners, there are also government controls and self-censorship. The United States, governed by a constitution where the First Amendment guarantees freedom of the press, has arguably one of the most free presses in the world, and is one of the few countries where the right to free speech is expressly written into the constitution. Yet even the U.S. government exerts control over the media, particularly during times of war or crisis. In many other countries around the world, especially emerging nations and dictatorships, governments impose tight restrictions on journalists, including penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment and execution. In these environments, rigorous self-censorship is necessary for survival. In a major survey of 287 U.S. journalists, "about a quarter of those polled have personally avoided pursuing newsworthy stories."[5]

This problem, too, has gotten much worse since Donald Trump was elected U.S. President in 2016. As we said above, he routinely labels any story he doesn't like "fake," and uses Twitter as his mass media outlet to let everyone know what is "real" in his view. According to David Markowitz, writing in Forbes in May 2020,

As of early April, Trump has told 23.3 lies per day in 2020, a 0.5-lie increase since 2019. What’s more, Trump has averaged 23.8 lies per day since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in the US — another 0.5-lie increase. Even during a pandemic, when the public needs to trust and rely on him the most, deception remains a core part of the president’s playbook. What’s unusual about Trump is not just how often he lies, but what he lies about and where he communicates his lies most often. [22]

Trump's favorite topics, according to Markowitz are guns, the economy, education, and elections, although the Coronavirus is particularly popular right now (May - June 1020). "President Trump seems impervious to the threat of detection or harsh public opinion . He continues to deceive at record-setting rates using forums that amplify his lies, rather than hide them." [23]

While this is not exactly censorship, Trump is trying to make as many people as possible believe that the mainstream press is lying, and only he is telling "the truth."

(Aiken's commentary from 2005) Without the media, most people would know little of events beyond their immediate neighborhood. The further one goes outside of one's circle of friends and family, the more time-consuming and expensive it becomes to get information--without media. Very few, if any, individuals have the resources to stay independently informed of world events. With the news and social media, however, all one has to do is turn on a television or turn to the Internet. Even when it is biased or limited, it is a picture of things that are happening around the world.

The more sources one compares a diversity of sources, the more accurate the picture that can be put together. In addition to the media conglomerates, there are also a range of independent news outlets, though they have a much smaller audience. Some of these provide an alternative view of events and often strive to publish stories that cannot be found in the mainstream media. So, too, in 2020, does social media, although it is increasingly hard to tell what social media posts are "legitimate" and which are, indeed, fakes--brought to you by Russian "bots," for instance. However, the Internet now makes it possible to read papers and watch broadcasts from around the globe. While language skills can be a barrier, it is possible to live in the United States and watch Arab-language broadcasts from the Middle East, or to get on the Internet and read scores of Chinese newspapers. Having access to these alternative voices limits the power of monopolies over information.

Another important benefit of a functioning mass media is that information can be relayed quickly in times of crisis. Tornado and hurricane announcements can give large populations advance warning and allow them to take precautions and move out of harm's way. In a country suffering war, a radio broadcast outlining where the latest fighting is can alert people to areas to avoid. In quieter times, the media can publish other useful announcements, from traffic reports to how to avoid getting HIV. It is a stabilizing and civilizing force.

This, too, of course, is under attack in 2020, as Donald Trump is using Twitter and other mass media (such as ally Fox News) to spread massive amounts of false information about the COVID-19 pandemic. So, the while the mass media still has the potential to be a "stablizing and civilizing force," As Akin wrote in 2005, it no longer so clearly is.

Along the same lines, the news media allow elected and other officials to communicate with their constituents. Frequently, the delegates at a negotiation will find they understand each other much better over the course of their discussions, but that understanding will not reach the larger populations they represent without a concerted communications effort. If constituents are not aware of these new understandings (and subsequent compromises) during the course of negotiations, they will almost certainly feel cheated when a final agreement falls far short of their expectations. To achieve ratification, delegates must justify the agreement by discussing it with and explaining it to their constituents throughout the entire process[6] and the media is often used for this purpose.

"CNN Effect"

A recent media (in 2005) phenomenon dubbed the "CNN effect" occurs when powerful news media (i.e. CNN) seem to be creating the news by reporting it. It has been argued that CNN, with its vast international reach, sets the agenda by deciding which items are newsworthy and require the attention of government leaders. Traditionally, agenda-setting has been seen as the prerogative of government. It is also argued that emotionally-charged footage of people suffering, such as mass starvation, bombed-out markets, and burning houses, arouse the public to demand immediate action. This gives leaders little time to think through an appropriate response and can force them to take valuable resources from more urgent, less photogenic issues.

This use of sensational imagery is cited as being responsible for the United States' ill-fated involvement in Somalia : "In the words of one U.S. congressman, 'Pictures of starving children, not policy objectives, got us into Somalia in 1992. Pictures of U.S. casualties, not the completion of our objectives, led us to exit Somalia.' "[7] On the other hand, failure of the media to fully report on the genocide that claimed an estimated 800,000 lives in Rwanda during a 100-day period in 1994, made it easy for Western governments to ignore the crisis that they preferred not to acknowledge until long after it ended.

The CNN effect also brings up issues of accuracy. The New York Times, with its vast resources, has long been known as "the newspaper of record; once something is reported by this leading news outlet it is accepted as fact (unverified) and carried by other outlets, even when errors creep into the Times' account. (In 2020, the Times is now considered the newspaper of record by liberals only; it is seen as a top purveyor of fake news by President Trump and many of his allies and followers.

Some observers argue that the CNN effect is overrated, if not complete myth. Warren Strobel and Susan Carruthers, for example, argue that the U.S. government has not been forced into doing anything; rather, it used reaction over media stories to introduce policies that it already desired. Strobel also argues that any action a politician undertakes as a result of this pressure will be merely a "minimalist response" -- a limited action that suggests a greater response than has taken place.[8]

Theories of Journalism

Any discussion of media and conflict eventually leads to the purpose and responsibilities of journalists. A Western audience expects objectivity of its news reporters. While most citizens take this for granted, objective reporting has not been the historical norm. The concept of objectivity itself has often been the focus of debate. As Susan Carruthers states, "... news can never be 'value-free,' from 'nobody's point of view.' "[9] It is a sentiment voiced by numerous journalism professionals and teachers.

Deciding what the news is requires a value judgment . In the Western news media there is a consensus that news is something unusual which departs from everyday life and is quantifiable. For example, the outbreak of war is news, but any fighting thereafter might not be. As the war continues, its newsworthiness depends on whether the news agency's home troops are involved, whether the troops of close allies are involved, how many casualties are reported, how photogenic the victims are, whether reporters have access to the fighting and information about it, and what other stories occur at the same time. Western news consists of events, not processes. This bias can result in news reports where events seem to have no context.

In response to the drawbacks of 'objective' journalism, some journalists have begun advocating for alternative models, such as "peace journalism" and "public journalism." Peace journalism advocates the belief that journalists should use the power of the media to help resolve conflict rather than report it from a distance. Its detractors argue that "[o]nce a journalist has set himself the goal of stopping or influencing wars, it is a short step to accepting that any means to achieve that end are justified. ... There can be no greater betrayal of journalistic standards."[10]

The June 2020 dispute over the New York Times ' publication of Tom Cotton's op-ed is another example of this same conflict. Both Roger Cohen and Ross Douthat wrote that the Times (the 2005 "Newspaper of Record") now is leaning toward a far-left interpretation of one view as "news," and relegates all other views to the opinion pages or out of the paper all together. Although Cohen and Douthat agree that Tom Cotton's op-ed was odius, it still should have been published (as it was), and the Editorial Page Director who was fired for publishing it should not have been let go. According to Cohen,

I still believe in both-sides journalism. “A place of moral clarity” can easily mean there is only one truth, and if you deviate from it, you are done for. The liberal idea that freedom is served by open debate, even with people holding repugnant views, is worth defending. If conformity wins, democracy dies. [24]

Another "new" trend (in 2005) was "public journalism" which seeks to explore issues affecting a community and stay with those issues long enough to give the community enough information to understand the conflict and get involved. This, however, often requires a long-term commitment by the journalist and news media to follow a story over the course of the conflict. If the story is of continuing high importance to the readers -- such as a war that involves local troops, such coverage is common. If the story is not deemed continuously "newsworthy," however, it takes a committed journalist to continue to write about it and a news outlet the permits such committed reporting. [11]

The biggest change, of course, is the development of social media which didn't exist when this essay was first written. Social media has, in a sense "democratized journalism," since everyone can be a journalist, reporting on what they see from their vantage point to the entire world. They can also give their opinion on world events and share them widely--something that was impossible to do when this essay was first written.

Ironically, however, this "democratization of journalism" might actually destroy democracy, as it has allowed for the massive proliferation of fake stories--not the "fake news" that Donald Trump decries (which is most often factually correct), but rather the millions of fake stories, tweets, Facebook posts and the like that are being created by robots ("bots") working both in the U.S. and abroad, particularly, it seems, in Russia and Iran. These tweets and posts have been designed to disrupt local, national, and global political debates, and influence elections in the U.S. and abroad. Indeed, the Meuller report confirms that Russian interference, mostly through mass media efforts, did significantly effect the 2016 Presidential election in the United States.

Although Facebook, Twitter and other social media outlets have said that they have made some efforts to prevent such manipulation, many observers feel they have not done nearly enough. Also, Trump (along with Congressional Republicans) have blocked a number of governmental efforts to protect our election processes. So continued, even more massive, media manipulation is likely to influence the U.S. presidental election this November as well.

Back to Essay Top

[1] Schaffert, Richard W. "The Media's Influence on the Public's Perception of Terrorism and the Question of Media Responsibility." Media Coverage and Political Terrorists . New York: Praeger Publishers. 1992: 61-79

[2] Kohut, Andrew. "Self-Censorship: Counting the Ways." Columbia Journalism Review . May/June 2002. http://www.cjr.org/year/00/2/censorship.asp

[3] http://www.mediachannel.org/ownership/chart.shtml

[4] Sanders, Edmund. "Results of FCC's Media Studies Are Released." Los Angeles Times . Oct. 2, 2002. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/202977141.html?did=202977141&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&desc=California%3b+Results+of+FCC%27s+Media+Studies+Are+Released

[5] Kohut, Andrew. "Self-Censorship: Counting the Ways." Columbia Journalism Review . May/June 2002.

[6] Laws, David. "Representation of Stakeholding Interests." The Consensus Building Handbook . Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 1999.

[7] Carruthers, Susan L. The Media at War . New York: St. Martin's Press. 2000. p 206

[8] Strobel, Warren. 1996. Managing Global Chaos: Sources and Responses to International Conflict , eds. Chester A. Crocker and Fen Osler Hampson with Pamela Aall. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. p. 366.

[9] Carruthers, Susan L. The Media at War . New York: St. Martin 's Press. 2000. p. 17.

[10] Weaver, Tim. "The End of War." Track Two . Vol. 7, No. 4. http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/archive/two/7-4/p21-endofwar.html

[11] Special thanks to Richard Salem, President of Conflict Management Initiatives, for his assistance in drafting this essay.

[12] The New York Times published a lengthy interview with Stewart in June 2020 in which he reflected on his role in blending news and entertainment, and contributing, perhaps, to the confusion of the two. (Search for the phrase "We jused to have news and we had entertainment" to see Stewart's thoughts on this topic.)

[13] Roger Cohen, "The Outcry Over ‘Both Sides’ Journalism" New York Times. June 12, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/opinion/journalism-debate.html

[14] Ross Douthat: "The Tom Cotton Op-Ed and the Cultural Revolution." New York Times, June 12, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/opinion/nyt-tom-cotton-oped-liberalism.html

[15, 16, 17, and 18] Edmund L. Andrews "Media Consolidation Means Less Local News, MOre Right Wing Slant," Insights by Stanford Business https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/media-consolidation-means-less-local-news-more-right-wing-slant

[19 and 20] Julie Bosman "How the Collapse of Local News is Causing a 'National Crisis'" New York Times. November 20, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/20/us/local-news-disappear-pen-america.html

[21] Pen America "Losing the News" https://pen.org/local-news/

[22 and 23] David Markowitz "Trump is Lying More than Ever: Just Look at the Data" Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidmarkowitz/2020/05/05/trump-is-lying-more-than-ever-just-look-at-the-data/#10ca8c31e176

[24] Roger Cohen, "The Outcry Over ‘Both Sides’ Journalism" New York Times. June 12, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/opinion/journalism-debate.html

Use the following to cite this article: Akin, Jennifer. "Mass Media." Beyond Intractability . Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: March 2005 < http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/mass-communication >.

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Mind Over Mass Media

By Steven Pinker

June 10, 2010

Truro, Mass.

NEW forms of media have always caused moral panics: the printing press, newspapers, paperbacks and television were all once denounced as threats to their consumers’ brainpower and moral fiber.

So too with electronic technologies. PowerPoint, we’re told, is reducing discourse to bullet points. Search engines lower our intelligence, encouraging us to skim on the surface of knowledge rather than dive to its depths. Twitter is shrinking our attention spans .

But such panics often fail basic reality checks. When comic books were accused of turning juveniles into delinquents in the 1950s, crime was falling to record lows, just as the denunciations of video games in the 1990s coincided with the great American crime decline. The decades of television, transistor radios and rock videos were also decades in which I.Q. scores rose continuously.

For a reality check today, take the state of science, which demands high levels of brainwork and is measured by clear benchmarks of discovery. These days scientists are never far from their e-mail, rarely touch paper and cannot lecture without PowerPoint. If electronic media were hazardous to intelligence, the quality of science would be plummeting. Yet discoveries are multiplying like fruit flies, and progress is dizzying. Other activities in the life of the mind, like philosophy, history and cultural criticism, are likewise flourishing, as anyone who has lost a morning of work to the Web site Arts & Letters Daily can attest.

Critics of new media sometimes use science itself to press their case, citing research that shows how “experience can change the brain.” But cognitive neuroscientists roll their eyes at such talk. Yes, every time we learn a fact or skill the wiring of the brain changes; it’s not as if the information is stored in the pancreas. But the existence of neural plasticity does not mean the brain is a blob of clay pounded into shape by experience.

Experience does not revamp the basic information-processing capacities of the brain. Speed-reading programs have long claimed to do just that, but the verdict was rendered by Woody Allen after he read “War and Peace” in one sitting: “It was about Russia.” Genuine multitasking, too, has been exposed as a myth, not just by laboratory studies but by the familiar sight of an S.U.V. undulating between lanes as the driver cuts deals on his cellphone.

Moreover, as the psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons show in their new book “The Invisible Gorilla: And Other Ways Our Intuitions Deceive Us,” the effects of experience are highly specific to the experiences themselves. If you train people to do one thing (recognize shapes, solve math puzzles, find hidden words), they get better at doing that thing, but almost nothing else. Music doesn’t make you better at math, conjugating Latin doesn’t make you more logical, brain-training games don’t make you smarter. Accomplished people don’t bulk up their brains with intellectual calisthenics; they immerse themselves in their fields. Novelists read lots of novels, scientists read lots of science.

The effects of consuming electronic media are also likely to be far more limited than the panic implies. Media critics write as if the brain takes on the qualities of whatever it consumes, the informational equivalent of “you are what you eat.” As with primitive peoples who believe that eating fierce animals will make them fierce, they assume that watching quick cuts in rock videos turns your mental life into quick cuts or that reading bullet points and Twitter postings turns your thoughts into bullet points and Twitter postings.

Yes, the constant arrival of information packets can be distracting or addictive, especially to people with attention deficit disorder. But distraction is not a new phenomenon. The solution is not to bemoan technology but to develop strategies of self-control, as we do with every other temptation in life. Turn off e-mail or Twitter when you work, put away your Blackberry at dinner time, ask your spouse to call you to bed at a designated hour.

And to encourage intellectual depth, don’t rail at PowerPoint or Google. It’s not as if habits of deep reflection, thorough research and rigorous reasoning ever came naturally to people. They must be acquired in special institutions, which we call universities, and maintained with constant upkeep, which we call analysis, criticism and debate. They are not granted by propping a heavy encyclopedia on your lap, nor are they taken away by efficient access to information on the Internet.

The new media have caught on for a reason. Knowledge is increasing exponentially; human brainpower and waking hours are not. Fortunately, the Internet and information technologies are helping us manage, search and retrieve our collective intellectual output at different scales, from Twitter and previews to e-books and online encyclopedias. Far from making us stupid, these technologies are the only things that will keep us smart.

Steven Pinker, a professor of psychology at Harvard, is the author of “The Stuff of Thought.”

Mass Media Essay & Paragraph

Mass media is the medium of communication with mass people. There are two types of mass media: print media and electronic media. It is a source of information and entertainment for the masses. Here are a bunch of educational essays and paragraphs about mass media for students, which shed light on the introduction, impact and role of mass media.

An Essay on Mass Media

By: Haque | Words: 400 | For SSC/O-level

Introduction

Mass media means media that are used to communicate with the mass people. Mass media include print media such as newspapers and magazines and electronic media such as radio, television, and the internet. Mass media are sources of information and entertainment to the mass people. Generally, the government of the country tries to control the mass media.

The importance of mass media has been described elaborately in the following points:

(1) Mass media are sources of news and information for mass people. They keep people informed about things going on all over the world.

(2) Mass media are used as media of instruction and education. The government can issue different instructions and launch awareness programs for people through mass media. Besides, different distant education programs are also conducted through mass media.

(3) Mass media are used as platforms for creating public opinion regarding different issues of local, national, and international importance. They can also organize people against corruption, malpractice, terrorism, and other social vices.

(4) Mass media can be helpful for the government too. Mass media address different public issues and publish expert opinions regarding national and international matters. Such opinions help governments adopt appropriate policies on those matters.

There are certain abuses of mass media as well. First of all, mass media publishes and broadcasts news according to the taste of the news editors and the owners of certain print or electronic media. As a result, the news is not often neutral in the media. Sometimes they are even shamelessly used to safeguard coterie interests. Then mass media can be much harmful to the public interest. In some instances, mass media publish and broadcast wrong information leading to public opinion in the wrong way. Generally, media are more or less controlled by the government of a certain country and publish news according to the instruction of the government.

With the development of science, inventions like the internet and mobile phone are being used extensively. These media have already broken down all kinds of barriers against the free flow of information. The Internet has been dubbed as the super highway of information. Here all sorts of information and public views can be received by an individual. So, there is reason to be hopeful that the role of mass media will be continuously reconstructed for the better and we will get a free, fair, and unrestricted flow of information in the mass media.

Essay on Mass Media: Types, Functions & Influence

By: Haque | Words: 1700 | For HSC/A-level & Higher Students

Mass media is a term that is used to describe various forms of communication that are intended to reach a large audience. It includes traditional media such as newspapers , magazines , radio , and television , as well as newer forms of media like the internet and social media. Mass media plays a significant role in shaping public opinion, culture, and society. It has the power to entertain, inform, educate, and even influence people’s attitudes and behaviors. In this essay, we will explore the types, functions, and impacts of mass media, as well as the ethics involved in its use. We will also discuss the importance of being critical consumers of mass media and understanding the role it plays in our lives.

Types of Mass Media

Mass media can be broadly classified into two main categories: print media and electronic media. Print media includes traditional forms of media such as newspapers, magazines, and books, while electronic media refers to newer forms of media such as television, radio, and the internet. Each type of mass media has its own unique characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.

A. Print Media Print media is the oldest and most traditional form of mass media. It is a tangible form of media that includes newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed materials.

Newspapers : Newspapers are a daily or weekly publication that provides current news, articles, and features. They can be either regional or national in scope.

Magazines: Magazines are a periodical publication that is typically issued on a monthly basis. They cover a wide range of topics including fashion, lifestyle, sports, and news.

Books: Books are long-form publication that provides in-depth information on a particular topic. They are a valuable source of knowledge and have been a popular form of entertainment for centuries.

B. Electronic Media Electronic media refers to newer forms of media that use electronic signals to transmit information to a large audience.

Television : Television is a powerful form of mass media that allows people to watch the news, sports, movies, and other forms of entertainment from the comfort of their homes. It is a visual medium that can convey information in an engaging way.

Radio : Radio is an audio-based form of mass media that provides news, music, and other forms of entertainment. It is a popular medium for people who are on the move and can be accessed via different devices.

Internet : The internet is a newer form of mass media that has revolutionized the way people consume information. It allows people to access news, entertainment, and other forms of media from anywhere in the world. It is also an interactive medium that allows people to engage with content and other users in a variety of ways.

Functions of Mass Media

Mass media serves a variety of functions in society, ranging from entertainment to education to advocacy. The different functions of mass media are interconnected, and they contribute to the overall role that mass media plays in shaping public opinion, culture, and society.

A. Entertainment One of the primary functions of mass media is to provide entertainment. People consume media for leisure and relaxation, and media producers cater to this demand by producing a wide range of content, including movies, music, television shows, and video games.

B. Information Mass media serves as a powerful source of information, providing people with news, current events, and other important information that shapes their understanding of the world around them. News outlets, for example, provide up-to-date information on local, national, and international events, while documentaries and other forms of media provide in-depth information on specific topics.

C. Education Mass media is also a valuable tool for education, providing people with access to information and knowledge that they might not have otherwise been exposed to. Educational television programs, documentaries, and online courses are just a few examples of how mass media can be used for educational purposes.

D. Advocacy Mass media can also be used to advocate for particular causes and ideas, raising awareness and influencing public opinion. For example, media campaigns can be used to raise awareness about social issues, such as climate change or human rights, and to advocate for specific policies or solutions.

E. Socialization Finally, mass media plays an important role in socializing people and shaping their values, attitudes, and behaviors. Media content can reinforce existing social norms or challenge them, and it can shape people’s perceptions of different groups and issues. In this way, mass media can influence the way that people interact with each other and the world around them.

Influence of Mass Media

Mass media has a significant influence on society, as it shapes people’s perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. The influence of mass media can be both positive and negative, and it can vary depending on the type of media and the specific content being consumed.

A. Positive Influence Mass media has the potential to have a positive influence on society by promoting awareness, education, and positive values. For example, media campaigns can be used to raise awareness about important issues such as health and safety, while educational programs can provide people with valuable information and skills.

B. Negative Influence Mass media can also have negative influences on society. For example, it can promote harmful stereotypes, normalize violence and aggression, and contribute to the spread of misinformation. In some cases, media content can even lead to harmful behaviors, such as drug use, eating disorders, or other risky behaviors.

C. Media Bias Another important influence of mass media is its potential for bias. Media outlets may have political, economic, or other agendas that shape the content they produce and the way it is presented. This can result in a biased portrayal of events and issues, which can shape people’s perceptions and opinions.

D. Cultivation Theory Cultivation theory is a concept that suggests that long-term exposure to media content can shape people’s perceptions of reality, leading to the cultivation of specific beliefs and attitudes. For example, exposure to violent media content over time may lead people to believe that the world is more violent and dangerous than it actually is.

E. Agenda Setting Theory Agenda setting theory suggests that media outlets have the power to influence what people think about by choosing which issues and events to cover and how to cover them. By focusing on certain issues and events, media outlets can shape people’s perceptions of what is important and what should be prioritized.

F. Social Learning Theory Social learning theory suggests that people learn from observing and imitating others, including the behavior they see in media content. For example, exposure to media content that promotes certain values or behaviors may lead people to adopt those values or behaviors themselves.

Overall, the influence of mass media on society is complex and multifaceted, and it can have both positive and negative effects depending on the specific content being consumed and the context in which it is consumed.

Ethics in Mass Media

Ethics play an important role in mass media, as media outlets have a responsibility to report the news accurately and objectively, and to create content that is not harmful or offensive. However, ethical considerations can sometimes conflict with the demands of the media industry, such as the need for high ratings or increased revenue.

A. Truth and Accuracy One of the most important ethical considerations in mass media is truth and accuracy. Media outlets have a responsibility to report the news accurately and objectively, and to correct any errors or inaccuracies that are made. In addition, media outlets should be transparent about their sources and methods of reporting.

B. Sensitivity and Harm Media content can be harmful or offensive to certain groups of people, and media outlets have a responsibility to be sensitive to these concerns. For example, media outlets should avoid promoting harmful stereotypes or promoting violence or aggression. They should also be sensitive to issues such as gender, race, and sexuality, and avoid promoting harmful attitudes or behaviors towards these groups.

C. Privacy and Consent Media outlets have a responsibility to respect people’s privacy and obtain their consent before using their images or personal information. This includes obtaining consent for interviews, photographs, or other forms of media content. Media outlets should also respect people’s right to control their own personal information and should avoid invading their privacy without a legitimate reason.

D. Conflicts of Interest Media outlets should avoid conflicts of interest, such as promoting the interests of their advertisers or sponsors at the expense of accurate reporting. In addition, journalists should avoid financial or personal relationships that could compromise their objectivity or integrity.

E. Professionalism Media professionals should adhere to high standards of professionalism, including ethical behavior, accuracy, and objectivity. They should also be transparent about their methods of reporting and should avoid engaging in unethical behavior such as plagiarism or fabrication.

Overall, ethics play a crucial role in mass media, as media outlets have a responsibility to report the news accurately and objectively, and to create content that is not harmful or offensive. By adhering to high standards of ethics and professionalism, media professionals can help to ensure that the public is informed and educated about the issues that matter most.

Mass media is a powerful force in our society that shapes our perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. There are many different types of mass media, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, mass media serves several important functions, including providing information, promoting awareness, and shaping public opinion.

However, the influence of mass media is not always positive. Media content can sometimes be harmful or offensive, and media outlets may have biases or conflicts of interest that can shape the content they produce. As a result, it is important for media professionals to adhere to high standards of ethics and professionalism to ensure that the public is informed and educated about the issues that matter most.

Despite the potential negative influences of mass media, it remains an important and valuable tool for promoting positive change in our society. By using media to promote awareness, education, and positive values, we can help to shape a more informed, responsible, and compassionate world.

A Paragraph on Mass Media, 100 Words

By: Haque | For class 5 | 17-02-’23

Mass media refers to various forms of communication, including television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet, that reach a large audience. It is a powerful tool for spreading information, ideas, and opinions, and plays a significant role in shaping public opinion and culture. Mass media can be used to entertain, inform, educate, or persuade people. Today no one is beyond the influence of mass media. Mass media makes us aware, but it also has some negative effects. By understanding how media works and how it can influence people, you can make informed decisions about the information you consume and the media you choose to engage with.

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About the Author

A teacher, writer and blogger, started allparagraph noting students search online for paragraphs on various topics, short and simple essays , edifying stories and other materials of study . In composing these lessons we have tried to use as simple language as possible, keeping young students in mind. If you find any text inappropriate, please let us know so we can make it more useful through necessary corrections and modifications. Thank you!

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Free Media and Society Essay Examples & Topics

The role of media in society becomes more crucial with each day. We associate it not only with popular culture but also with receiving news and updates. The term “media” can have many meanings. In this article, we will refer to it as the communication channels through which we consume information. It can take many forms, such as music, television, books, games, etc.

The purposes of media vary. It is a source of information and education but also entertainment and fun. We use it to connect with our peers and as a gateway to explore the world. In many ways, media mirrors our society and reflects our cultural values.

If you are writing a media and society essay, you can address many problems and ideas. Here, our team has prepared advice that will help in writing your paper. You will also find essay topics on media and links to free samples.

Crucial Media & Society Essay Tips

The whole point of media is in relaying well-argued ideas. So, your academic paper is just another form of communication. That is why it is necessary to understand how to structure your media and society essay properly. Over here, we came up with some advice that will help you accomplish this goal.

Concentrate on your task.

Finding your focus is an essential aspect of your work. Your topic is the crux of your essay, so choosing one that you can delve into is imperative. If what you’re writing about is interesting to you, the work process will be smoother and faster.

Research & collect references.

It is best to begin research as soon as possible. Keep your sources organized by noting them down as you go along. It will ensure that you won’t be at a loss when the time comes to craft up a bibliography.

Outline your paper.

Creating a structure beforehand is a handy way of cutting down the time. When you have a plan in front of you, writing becomes more manageable. Make sure to jot down ideas for your introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.

Stay on topic.

If you have created an outline for your essay, keeping on track shouldn’t be a problem. Remember that all your points and arguments should connect back to your thesis statement . Keep it short and exclude irrelevant information from your word count.

Cite sources.

When you make a claim in your essay, it is vital to back it up with evidence. Citing your sources lets your professors see that you haven’t pulled your arguments out of thin air. Keep a good balance of quotes, facts, and personal opinions for an effective paper.

21 Awesome Media Essay Topics

The choice of mass media essay topics is as expansive as the source material. You can choose to look at the newest social networking sites or explore how communication has evolved in recent years. You can check social media topics as well.

To make your life easier, we came up with a list of ideas for you:

An analysis of the positive effects of social media in our life.
How do we account for partiality in the news industry in a democratic society?
The impacts of media on society in forging and maintaining long-distance relationships.
War on Drugs : how journalism and media coverage shaped American mass panic.
How do governments utilize popular entertainment media as a tool of propaganda?
Navigating call-out culture and its development on Twitter and Facebook.
The evolution of technology and the transformation of mass media in the modern world.
How did TikTok become the fastest-growing social media website?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of realistic violence depiction in popular media?
Exploring the world of Instagram influencers and their impact on today’s youth.
How did advertising change the digital media landscape in the last ten years?
The negative impact of mental health portrayal and their inaccuracies in Hollywood films.
What constitutes media literacy, and how can it be promoted?
Is there a correlation between video game violence and real-life crime?
The role of journalists and media in the Black Lives Matter movement.
Did video really kill the radio star? Discussing the popularity of podcasts as a form of radio renaissance.
A critical analysis of Noam Chomsky’s Manufacturing Consent .
Who controls the mass media, and what does this tell us about media bias?
Exploring the meaning and execution of the indie genre in media.
Lil Nas X – music industry revolutionary or yet another pop star?
How does the prevalence of media in our lives violate social rights and individual freedom?

Hopefully, you managed to find something that caught your eye. If not, our topic generator can craft some new ideas for you.

Thanks for reading the article! We wish you the best in your future exploits. Now, feel free to browse through our essay on media and society examples found below.

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