final year research project sample

Final Year Project Proposal Format (+PDF Sample, Free Download)

Free project proposal template: In this post is a sample project proposal for final year undergraduate students. This will give you a solid idea of the elements of a project proposal and the essential information contained in them.

One thing you have to note is that format for a project proposal can sometimes vary depending on what your supervisor, department or school prefer. For example, this sample project proposal is derived from a format used at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). So check if there is any specific format recommended by your school, else you can derive from this example.

Sample project proposal for undergraduate/final year students

CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF A PELTON WHEEL TURBINE FOR SMALL-SCALE HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

AHMED, TUNDE EMEKA [REG. NUMBER]

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA

There is a need to develop mechanical systems applicable for converting the small hydro potentials that exist in Nigeria to small-scale hydroelectricity.

Inspired by the need for Nigeria to explore energy sources that are more environmentally friendly than fossil fuel, suitable for industrial applications, and yet economical, this project work is on constructing a Pelton turbine suitable for small-scale hydroelectricity generation.

The method of getting this work done involves studying and analyzing the design of already existing Pelton turbines and then constructing such a turbine from locally available materials.

Although the scope of this work doesn’t go beyond the construction of a Pelton turbine, a number of other systems that will help in demonstrating the end result will be incorporated into the work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Approval Abstract

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

• Statement of the problem
• Purpose of the study

Chapter Two: Literature Review

• Review of Pelton turbine design
• Justification of the study

Chapter Three: Methodology

• Pelton wheel design
• Choice of Materials
• Cost analysis

Introduction

Over the years, much effort has been put into developing alternative energy sources free from the negative consequences of fossil fuels. Hydroelectricity has remained among the top alternative to fossil fuels because of its numerous advantages.

In many countries, including China, India, and Brazil, attention has been paid not only to large-scale hydropower plants but also to small-scale hydroelectricity. But in Nigeria, it is not so. Small-scale hydro has not been given much attention in the country, and there is a need to have locally manufactured systems that will help the country utilize the hydro potentials that exist.

1.1 Background of Study

In 1866, Samuel Knight develops a bucketed wheel that captures the energy of a free jet, which converted a high head of water to kinetic energy. Knight’s invention was inspired by the high-pressure jet systems used in hydraulic mining in the gold fields.

Lester Allan Pelton in 1879 develops a double bucket design, exhausting the water to the side, eliminating some energy loss of the Knight wheel which exhausted some water back against the center of the wheel. This Pelton’s invention, today known as the Pelton wheel or Pelton turbine, marked the first time energy from the water was converted most efficiently.

Inspired by the invention of the earlier water wheels, the Pelton turbine is being used in engineering applications today, especially in hydroelectric systems where it is used to convert water energy into mechanical energy.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Fossil fuel has been associated with a lot more negative environmental implications than hydroelectricity and other energy renewable energy sources. The negative impacts of fossil fuel for power generation include the increase of greenhouse effect, health implications, global warming, climate change, acidic pollution, oil spills, rise in sea levels, and a shift in the ecological balance and land impacts.

Nigeria is a tropical region country that experiences a long rainy season every year. The rainfall water can be channelled to drive a turbine to produce small-scale electricity. There are also various streams and rivers in the country with small-scale hydro potential. But these sources have gotten little or no attention in the country. Therefore, the need arises to construct turbines that can be used to utilize the small-scale hydro potential in Nigeria to produce more economically and environmentally friendly energy.

1.3 Purpose of study

The aim of this project work is to construct a Pelton turbine suitable for small-scale hydroelectricity generation.

This aim will be achieved through the following objectives:

• studying the design of already existing Pelton turbines
• constructing a Pelton turbine using locally available materials

This work will not go into the complexity of modelling or constructing a complete hydroelectric power plant. Instead, this work will focus on constructing a Pelton turbine for small-scale hydro. Other necessary components that will be used to demonstrate the working of the turbine, examples are the water source, alternator, and other electrical components, which are not the mainstay of this work.

Chapter Two

Literature review, 2.1 review of pelton turbine design.

Several works have been done and several studies carried out on Pelton turbines, using both analytical and numerical methods. Most of the advanced studies focused on determining and predicting the performances of the machine. Others have studied the service life, and rupture threshold of the machine due to fatigue or corrosion. A number of past studies have tried to improve the design and construction of a Pelton turbine.

• Alexandre PERRIG (2007) work tries to fully understand the physical phenomena involved in the Pelton turbine bucket flow.
• Binaya K.C. and Bhola Thapa (2009) carried out a study mainly focused on finding the pressure distribution inside the Pelton bucket.
• Bryan Patrick Ho-Yan's (2012) Design of a Low Head Pico Hydro Turbine for Rural Electrification in Cameroon considered, among other things, the general principles and the system components for Pico Hydro.

2.2 Justification of the Study

This work is mainly due to the perceived need for Nigeria to adopt, in a much larger number, small-scale hydroelectric generation. The need for this country to do so includes, but is not limited to the following reasons summarized below:

• Low power costs: since small-scale hydro plants don’t require any form of fuel to run. In addition to this, it doesn’t require much resources or money to construct micro or Pico hydroelectric plants.
• Reduced CO2 emissions.
• Suitability for industrial applications.

Chapter three

Methodology.

In accomplishing this project work, the following methods will be used:

Design : an important and initial part of this work will be the studying of already existing designs of the Pelton turbine so as to be able to construct a high enough Pelton turbine for this project work.

Construction : construction of the turbines will be done with locally available materials. This will involve making a pattern and using a casting process to make construct the buckets, and then sourcing locally available materials for other components of the turbine system.

3.1 Pelton wheel design

The figure below shows the typical geometry of a Pelton type turbine.

The turbine will consist of buckets mounted on a flange. The buckets will be fastened on the flange with a pin. The flange will be mounted on a wheel necessitating the transfer of energy from water to the shaft horsepower.

Water emanating from a nozzle will be used to drive the runner, and the energy extracted from the water will be converted into mechanical energy. The shaft power will be used to drive an alternator to produce electricity.

3.2 Choice of Materials

In constructing the Pelton turbine buckets a heavy metal that will increase the torque obtainable, will be sought. But in the event whereby finding and using such materials for casting the buckets becomes too difficult, aluminium or plastic or any other available and suitable material will be used in the casting work.

The flange, where the buckets will be mounted will be fabricated from mild steel for easier machinability. The shaft will also be made of mild steel.

3.3 Cost analysis

The major cost that will be incurred from this project work will come from constructing the buckets for the Pelton wheel. The reason for this is that such parts are not manufactured in the country, and finding a workshop with a good level of expertise where such a furnace for casting work is available won’t be easy.

Another component that will add significantly to the cost will be a pump, piping, and nozzles that are necessary for demonstrating the working of the turbine. Having considered these and other components that will be needed in this work, the estimated cost for this work is as summarized below:

• Alexandre PERRIG. (2007) Hydrodynamics of the free surface flow in Pelton turbine buckets . Lausanne, EPFL
• Binaya K.C., and Bhola Thapa. (2009). Pressure distribution at inner surface of selected pelton bucket for micro hydro . Kathmandu university journal of science, engineering and technology. vol. 5, no. Ii, September, pp 42-50.
• Bryan Patrick Ho-Yan. (2012). Design of a Low Head Pico Hydro Turbine for Rural Electrification in Cameroon . Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
• Anonymous (2016). “Hydroelectricity.” Wikipedia [online]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity. Accessed [full date].

Download sample project proposal PDF

Note: To see the formatting and proper arrangement of this example, I advise that you download a project proposal PDF . Also, there are images in the PDF document which I did not include in this sample.

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• How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

• Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

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See an example

Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

• Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
• Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

• The proposed title of your project
• Your supervisor’s name
• Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

• Introduce your topic
• Give necessary background and context
• Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

• Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
• How much is already known about the topic
• What is missing from this current knowledge
• What new insights your research will contribute
• Why you believe this research is worth doing

As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

• Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
• Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
• Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

• Improving best practices
• Informing policymaking decisions
• Strengthening a theory or model
• Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
• Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

• Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
• Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
• Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

• Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
• Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
• Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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McCombes, S. & George, T. (2023, November 21). How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved April 15, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-proposal/

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How To Write Chapter Five Of Your Final Year Project | ResearchWap Blog

• Posted: Wednesday, 14 October 2020
• By: ResearchWap Admin

How To Write Chapter Five Of Your Final Year Project  (Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation).

This chapter summarises the research findings, discusses the limitations, and reflect the recommendations of the study. 

The easier way of getting your research project work done is to understand how to SAY what you are going to say, SAY IT, and SAY what you have already said

In writing chapter five of your final year research project. You are meant to say what you’ve already said. Here, you are reminding the reader where he or she is coming from.

It is always ideal to start your research project chapter five by reminding your readers of the purpose of the study (Say what you’ve said already), this will refresh their memory of what the research study is all about.

In my previous writing on How To Write Chapter Four Of Your Final Year Project (Data Analysis and Presentation) , I took my time to thoroughly explain how to report your research project analysis. And at this very point of your research project documentation, it is assumed that you have already done with your study and now into reporting

First of all, you will have to tell your readers what you are able to understand your analysis of the variables used. Then relate that to what other researchers had found out from their research (as related to your own studies). Then you make your recommendations based on your own findings and finally your conclusions.

In writing chapter five (5) of your research project, it is recommended that you check with your institution on their preferred title for research project chapter five(5). Chapter five has been titled in different ways. Here in this writing, it is suggested that the chapter is titled as Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations since institutions vary in their chapter five (5) of the final year research project.

Also, Read - How To Write Your Final Year Project Chapter One (Introduction) 

The following are sub-sections or headings for final year project chapter five (5)

• Introduction or Preamble

 Research Project Chapter Five – Introduction:

This is where you have to introduce the chapter, stating what the readers should expect and how you are going to arrive at it.

Research Project Chapter Five - Summary

The objective of this section is to refresh the reader’s understanding of the ‘findings’ or ‘results’. Highlight the main or major findings that you had stated in your data analysis and presentation (Chapter four). There is no need to explain in detail the findings or results, some researchers or students make this mistake of copying chapter four and pasting it in this chapter five, please try as much as you can to avoid this temptation.

Try and make your summary very simple and brief so that anyone who is not in your field can easily understand it. Remember to write in the past tense. For example, “Job satisfaction as expressed by staff did not vary according to their personality types”. The reason for this is because you are reporting what you have already done.

For quantitative research and to ensure the flow, it is suggested that you use the research questions or hypotheses as a guide. For qualitative research, you could use the research questions, themes, or categories. Study your findings and tell your reader how they have answered the research questions.

Summarizing your findings which you have stated earlier is not enough here, you just need to do more than that, you need to share your belief on what you got and did not get

The keyword is ‘summary and discussion’. At this very point, you should be able to sell your research (Let people see reason with your decision).

Here you can use the present tense because you are making statements that are derived from the study.

State the possible reasons, causes, and factors for the findings or results stated in the ‘Summary’ section. For example, a significant finding from your study was that drug abuse actually influences academic performance’. What do you think produced such a finding?

You need to know that even if you did not get the exact results you expected, you should explain why – For example, the experiment to test the reliability and usefulness of given psychotherapy did not show significant differences – try to explain why the method did not produce the results you were expecting.

You also show how the findings of your study have/will contributed/contribute to the existing understanding of concepts identified in the works of other people – important to acknowledge the views of others who share similar positions as those identified by your research. Compare and contrast your findings or results with those of other researchers: How are your findings/results similar or different from other studies? What do the results mean for them?

Also, Read - How To Develop Your Research Project Chapter Two Effectively (Literature Review)

If you want to show how your study contributed to your theoretical framework then show how your work could influence the theoretical debate.

If someone only reads the ‘Discussion’ section, they should get a good understanding of what you found and why it matters. You should explain to the reader clearly, in a narrative, without restarting your results.

Research Project Chapter Five - Recommendations

Here, you must be logical, specific, attainable, and relevant. Your recommendations should be addressed to persons, organizations, or agencies directly concerned with the issues or to those who can immediately implement the recommended solutions. You should be able to present another topic that is very relevant to the present study that can be further investigated by future researchers. But never recommend anything that is not part of your study or not being mentioned in your findings.

After organizing your thoughts as to what would be the contents of your recommendations, you should write it in the simple present tense.

In the Recommendation section, tell your readers what should have been done which you did not do because of factors you weren’t able to control, tell your readers the area of interest you would have liked to explore but which was outside the scope of your study, the follow-up studies that should be done given your result and finally, how the study could be extended.

Also, Read - How To Write Chapter Three Of Your Research Project (Research Methodology)

Do not forget that there are professionals in your field. Tell your readers how these professionals in your field can be impacted by the findings of this study. Tell your readers what you recommend for these professionals, policymakers, stakeholders, government leaders, etc.

Research Project Chapter Five - Conclusions

For the first time in the project (outside the interpretation of analysis), you can state your personal opinion with the collected data supporting it. The conclusions of your project report relate directly to the research questions or objectives. They represent the contribution to knowledge. They also relate directly to the significance of the study, which is always, in some way, to improve the human condition. These are the major generalizations, the answer to the problem(s) revealed in Chapters one and two.

Also, Read - How To Write Chapter Four Of Your Final Year Project (Data Analysis And Presentation)

Tags: chapter five, summary, conclusion, recommendation,

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Final Year Project Proposal

As a student, your final year project proposal is one of the most crucial and critical documents that you will be tasked to develop as it can dictate the flow and potential results of the last academic requirement that you will create.

Moreover, this document can also affect your final grade as well as your academic standing especially if you are vying for an honorable mention at the end of the school year. Just like a nonprofit project plan , ensure that your final year project proposal is realistic and measurable so that it will be easier for you to attain the achievement of your goals and objectives.

Since you may have properly been immersed in different educational programs and academic researches, developing a final year project proposal should already come easy for you. However, this does not mean that you have to be lousy when it comes to the creation of the document as it can affect you and your academic life in many more ways than one. You may also see business proposal examples .

To help you come up with an outstanding final year project proposal that is most likely to be approved either by your project adviser or your project panelists, we have put together a list of final year project proposal examples that can be used as your references when formatting the document or listing all the information that you would like to discuss.

1. Final Year Student Project Proposal

• Google Docs
• Apple Pages

Size: 124 KB

2. Example of Project Proposal

Size: 33 KB

3. Final Year Computer Science Project Proposal

Size: 150 KB

4. Sample Final Year Project Proposal Form Example

5. Final Year Project Proposal Guide Example

Size: 118 KB

6. Final Year Project Proposal Preparation

You have to be armed with the basic knowledge of project proposal writing if you want to create a final year project proposal that will work to your advantage. It is essential for you to be aware of the information that you will include in the actual proposal as well as the ways on how you can persuade your adviser or project panelists that your proposal is relevant, beneficial to your target community, and doable. You may also see service proposal examples .

Some of the activities that you can do so you can start the preparation of the drafting of your final year project proposal include the following:

1. Be familiar with the target community that you will be working with. If this is not applicable with the kind of final year project proposal that you are doing, you can just specify the entities who will benefit from the results of your researches or the individuals and groups who can make the most out of the project that you will come up with once it has already been realized. You may also like short proposal examples .

2. Ensure that you already have a vision or a basic plan of implementation in your mind. You need to have an idea on how you can execute the project that you have proposed. This can help you to convince your target audience that your final year project proposal should be approved as you have a skeletal guide that will allow you to realize your desired activities and planned functions. You can strengthen your basic plan of action with the help of additional researches and credible resources.

3. Assess your skills in technical and research writing. It will be best if you will use references like downloadable examples or the existing documents that have the same functions, objectives, and/or content direction when compared to the final year project proposal that you would like to develop. Having these references will allow you to know the best way on how you can present your proposal discussion. You may also check out research proposal examples .

4. Whether it is a community project plan or a scientific project proposal that you will incorporate in your final year project document, make sure that you will present the objective of the study and make sure that you will use it as the core of your final year project proposal. It is essential for you to provide a discussion that can showcase how necessary it is for your project to push through so that you can positively impact communities and other entities.

7. Simple Final Year Project Proposal For Students Example

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8. Senior Year Project Proposal Design Example

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Things to Look into When Developing a Final Year Project Proposal

Aside from the preparation guidelines that can help you draft a complete, detailed, and well-formulated final year project proposal, there are also elements and factors that you have to consider so you can ensure the effectiveness of the final year project proposal that you will come up with at the end of the undertaking. You may also see investment proposal examples .

A few of the things that you have to look into during the procedures of developing a final year project proposal are as follows:

1. During the initial discussion of developing a final year project proposal, it will be best if you will take note of all the instructions and guides that your professor or project adviser will present you with. It is important for you to be aware of these details as there are limitations, scopes, regulations, and rules that you need to follow so that your final year project proposal can have the chance to get approved. You may also like freelance proposal examples .

2. Depending on the university where you are studying, a final year project proposal can be created either in groups or by individuals. You have to measure the ability of your group mates to provide the deliverable required by your final year project proposal so that misunderstandings and lackluster performance will not exist within the entirety of the document’s development. You may also check out budget proposal examples .

If you are working alone, you have to be organized on how you can perform the tasks that you need to accomplish so that you can effectively create your own final year project proposal.

3. Just like the steps that you can follow on  how to write a successful thesis proposal , you should map the procedures that you will immerse yourself into when creating your final year project proposal. Outlines and checklists can help you a lot to maintain the organization of your activities. If all information are well-arranged and if you have prepared the layout of your proposal presentation, then you can come up with a concise and direct to the point version of the proposal that you would like to achieve.

4. Be prepared to get involved in immense research processes, critical thinking, and thoughtful studies. You need to develop your final year project proposal based on facts and credible informative sources, which is why you have to be careful with all the details that you will list down and discuss in the specified document. You might be interested in security proposal examples .

9. Comprehensive Final Year Project Proposal Example

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10. Final Year Project Proposal Guidelines Example

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11. Final Year Project Proposal Example

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What Should You Include in a Final Year Project Proposal?

The structure and content development requirements of a final year project proposal vary from one academic institution to another. Hence, do not compare the overall final year project proposal that you need to make from those that are presented in templates and examples. You may also see fundraising proposal examples.

However, it will be helpful if you will use the specified references to polish the format of your final year project proposal and to ensure that its content is presentable. Here are some of the basic information that you can include in a simple final year project proposal:

1. Present a title for the final year project proposal. This will help you present an overview of what the proposal is all about or the subject that you would like to discuss and further look into.

2. Just like when developing a business proposal where there is a need for a business proposal cover letter , you may also write a cover letter for your final year project proposal. Develop a headline and an executive summary that can give an idea of the flow of the final year project execution based on the proposal that you will submit. Allow the executive summary to be brief, so only include necessary and relevant information when doing this part of the proposal.

3. Present project details that can get the attention of your target audience and those that can make the proposal appealing. An introduction may be necessary which should be composed of one to two pages. However, there are some academic institutions that uses an executive summary and an introduction interchangeably.

4. Come up with a concise discussion of your methodology. You have to present the steps that can help you achieve the vision that you have in mind. It will be best if you can include the incorporation of strategies and tactics within all the steps that you need to follow. You may also check out conference proposal examples.

5. One of the most important parts of the final year project proposal is the literature review. If there are existing works and other papers that have already dealt with an area of the project that you would like to execute, make sure that you will specify them in your general proposal so that your claims and your proposal can be stronger.

Aside from the items listed above, you can also include the benefits of your project, the community that you need to work with, the requirements of the project, and other elements that you may be required by your school or organization. Again, feel free to alter any of the information specified above based on the nature of your simple project proposal , the needs and instructions of your academic institution as well as the format and discussion that you will use for developing the document.

12. Guidelines for Final Year Project Proposal Example

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13. 4th Year Project Proposal Overview Example

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14. Detailed Final Year Project Proposal Example

Useful Tips That You Can Refer to for Final Year Project Proposal Development

Your project proposal during your final year is an essential document that can serve as one of the culmination of your undergraduate life. Hence, you have to exert your full effort and time when making this academic document. You might be interested on learning  how to write a proposal .

Here are some of the useful tips that you can use as references and guides if you want to develop an efficient final year project proposal:

1. Know the general schedule that you need to adhere to when developing the document. You have to know the actual deadline that you must consider as well as the entire duration in which you will be tasked to complete the content and presentation of your own final year project. It will be easier for you to develop a proposal if you know the time frames in which work functions are needed to be completed.

2. If there are particular topics, subject areas, or specifications that your final year project proposal must adhere to, ensure that you will not veer away from them. Even if you have the best proposal, if it is not related to the subject or key points that are expected for every professional proposal to have, then your final year project proposal may still be rejected and wasted.

3. Once you already have an idea of what you will present, it is important for you to know the structure that you will use for simple proposal presentation and discussion. You have to know the layout that will work best for the development of your final year project proposal format.

Know the font sizes, spacing, heading and subheading usage, and even the margins that will be used for the document. Take note that these formatting requirements may sometimes be given by your adviser or professor, so you have to be aware of the specific instructions that you need to follow. You may also like sponsorship proposal examples.

Maximize the usage of our final year project proposal examples in PDF as well as the discussion available in this post. We hope that these references are already enough for you to create a functional and highly effective final year project proposal of your own.

How do you write a final year project proposal?

• Title: Choose a clear, descriptive title for your project.
• Introduction: Provide an overview of the project’s background, significance, and objectives.
• Literature Review: Summarize existing research related to your topic to establish its context.
• Research Question/Hypothesis: Clearly state your research question or hypothesis.
• Methodology: Describe the research methods you’ll use, such as data collection, data analysis, and any tools or instruments.
• Data Collection: Explain how you plan to collect data, including sources, participants, and ethical considerations.
• Data Analysis: Outline the techniques and software you’ll use for data analysis.
• Expected Outcomes: Describe what you anticipate discovering or achieving.
• Timeline: Provide a detailed schedule for your project, including milestones and deadlines.
• References: List all the sources you’ve cited in your proposal.
• Budget: If applicable, detail the budget for your project, including funding sources and expenses.
• Conclusion: Summarize your proposal and emphasize its importance.
• Appendices: Include any additional materials, such as questionnaires or surveys.

How does a project proposal look like?

1. Title Page:

• Title of the Project
• Contact Information

2. Table of Contents (if applicable)

3. Executive Summary:

A concise overview of the project, including its significance, objectives, and expected outcomes.

4. Introduction:

• Background and context of the project.
• Problem statement or need the project addresses.
• Purpose and objectives of the project.

5. Literature Review:

Summary of relevant research and existing knowledge related to the project.

6. Project Description:

• Detailed explanation of the project, its scope, and methodology.
• Justification for the project.

7. Methodology:

• Description of the research methods, data collection, and analysis techniques.
• Ethical considerations (if applicable).

8. Timeline:

A proposed schedule for project activities, including milestones and deadlines.

• Detailed breakdown of the project’s financial requirements.
• Funding sources (if applicable).

10. Expected Outcomes:

What you anticipate achieving or discovering through the project.

11. Conclusion:

A summary of the proposal’s key points and its significance.

What is the standard format for project proposal with example?

[Your Name] [Your Department] [Your University or Organization] [Date]

Title: Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Local Ecosystems

Introduction: In recent years, the effects of climate change on local ecosystems have become a growing concern. This project aims to investigate the impact of climate change on our region’s biodiversity.

Problem Statement: The rise in global temperatures and shifts in weather patterns pose a significant threat to the ecological balance of our region. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

Objectives:

• To assess changes in local flora and fauna due to climate change.
• To identify vulnerable species and ecosystems.
• To propose conservation measures to protect local biodiversity.

Literature Review: A review of relevant studies and reports reveals a consensus on the increasing risks of climate change to ecosystems. Research indicates that shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns can lead to habitat loss and disruptions in food chains.

Methodology: This project will involve field surveys, data collection, and analysis of temperature and precipitation data over the past decade. We will also conduct interviews with local experts and community members.

Data Collection and Analysis: We will gather data from weather stations, conduct biodiversity surveys, and use statistical tools to analyze trends. Ethical considerations will guide our interactions with local ecosystems and communities.

Expected Outcomes: This research will provide valuable insights into the ecological consequences of climate change in our region. It will inform local conservation efforts and promote awareness.

• Literature review and research design: Months 1-2
• Data collection: Months 3-6
• Data analysis: Months 7-9
• Report writing and dissemination: Months 10-12
• Field equipment: $5,000
• Travel expenses: $2,500
• Research assistants: $10,000
• Data analysis software: $1,500

Risks and Mitigations: Potential risks include adverse weather conditions and difficulties in data collection. Mitigations involve backup data sources and flexible timelines.

Conclusion: This project addresses a critical environmental issue and contributes to our understanding of the local impact of climate change. It is both feasible and vital for the conservation of our region’s ecosystems.

General FAQ’s

What is a project proposal.

A project proposal is a formal document that presents a detailed plan for a specific project, outlining its objectives, scope, methodology, expected outcomes, and budget to secure approval or funding.

How many pages should a final year project proposal be?

The length of a final year project proposal can vary, but it typically ranges from 10 to 20 pages. However, it should be as long as necessary to fully convey the project’s details and rationale.

How do you write a short project proposal?

To write a short project proposal, focus on a concise format. Include sections for introduction, problem statement, objectives, methodology, budget, timeline, and expected outcomes, keeping it clear and to the point.

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How to Write a Research Methodology of your Final Year Project

A Research methodology is the fulcrum that balances what the researchers tend to do and how it would be done. The Research methodology is a critical part of thesis or research paper writing . Writing the method of analysis of a thesis can be a daunting task for inexperienced scholars, bearing in mind the sophisticated components discussed in this chapter. This review aims to assist amateur researchers in creating an effective methodological approach by providing them with a clear understanding of the mechanism of a methodology. In some institutions of learning, it is known as chapter three or section three. These are the key elements in the Research methodology section:

• introduction and overview
• methodology approach
• research design
• study population
• sample technique and sample size
• data collection methods
• Reliability and validity of research instrument
• data analysis and synthesis methods
• ethical considerations
• issues of trustworthiness

Guidelines on How to Write the Chapter 3 of your Final Year Project

We will be explaining how each component of the research methodology should be developed and presented. Demonstrate that you fully comprehend how all elements work together to form a coherent, intertwined sequence contributing to the study’s overall integrity of research methodology. The Research methodology is not limited to all the elements list above. Every institution of research or higher learning could add more to this list.

Step 1: Introduction and Overview

Just like in the previous chapter, explain the approach you would employ to achieve the research objectives. In this case, describe your methodological approach. At a glance, the introduction would show the reader how the researcher is set to accomplish the study’s objective. The introduction should contain all the elements listed from a-l. for instance, “this section describes the methods employed. It contains the methodological approach, research design, study area……..issues of trustworthiness.

Step 2: Methodology Approach

There are three methods of approaching or achieving the research objectives. They are quantitative methods, qualitative methods and mixed methods

• Quantitative Method: This method is frequently utilized by researchers who adhere to the scientific paradigm. This technique involves estimating and generalizing data from a sample of a target population. It employs a formalized data collection procedure with numerical data output. Quantitative research also employs empirical study through the use of statistical methods. Where the research employs the quantitative method, data must be analyzed either through descriptive or inferential statistics
• Qualitative Methods: In contrast to the quantitative method, which seeks to measure things in an attempt to elucidate what is observed, the qualitative approach seeks to create a comprehensive and thorough explanation of your observations as a researcher. Rather than offering assumptions and/or causal explanations, the qualitative approach provides translation and interpretation of the collected data. This research approach is contextual and necessitates a smaller sample size of carefully selected respondents.
• The combination of various quantitative and qualitative approaches resulted in a modern method. The emergence of the mixed methods research originated from its capacity to impact researchers better understand human relationships and their complexities by combining quantitative and qualitative research methods while acknowledging the constraints of both at the same time.  In social and management science research, mixed methods are also recognised for the basic idea of triangulation. A triangulation allows students to process various observations about a single phenomenon by incorporating quantitative and qualitative approaches into one study.

Hence a researcher can use any of the methods listed based on the objectives of the study and the direction desired by the guide or supervisor. The researcher needs to justify why the methodology is adopted.

Step 3: Research Design

A scholars’ research design is a blueprint for the methodologies they will use in conducting a study. A study research design describes the type of investigation (exploratory, survey, relationships between variables, semi-experimental, analysis) as well as its sub-types (observational study, research issue, descriptive case-study). It is advisable that while using a primary source of data, descriptive survey research (cross-sectional data) is used, and the expo-facto research design is used for secondary data. The author should justify why this study area is used for analysis.

Step 4: Study Area

The next subheading should be the study area. The study area is the theatre of study or where the study is to be carried out. For instance, Branding and Firm Performance in South-West, Nigeria. The study area is the South-West, Nigeria. The author should justify why the study area is selected and used in the study.

Step 5: Study Population

A research population is a large group of people or things that are the target of a systematic investigation. A study population is also classified as a well-defined collection of elements with common traits. The researcher should note that a population of different characteristics should not be used in a study. For example, it is wise to use both customers, employers or other stakeholders in a study at once. The population should pick one stakeholder at a time. That is, customers alone, employers alone or  other stakeholders alone at a time.

Step 6: Sample Size

In research, sample size refers to the number of participants included in a response rate. We define sample size as a group of respondents chosen from the population at large who are regarded to represent the entire population for that particular study. The number of individual samples measured or information collected in a study or experiment is the sample size. For instance, if you evaluate 300 biological samples (specimen, human beings customers, business owners, etc.), your sample size is 300. The sample size should be systematically gotten from the population of the study. Common methods used are Taro Yamane sample size estimation and online sample size calculators.

Step 7: Sampling Technique

As explained in step six, a sample is a subset of people drawn from a larger group. The sampling technique is a method or process of arriving at the sampling size. The sampling technique is also seen as selecting the group you will collect data for your research. Cluster sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling and simple random sampling are all methods of probability sampling. However, the simple random sampling technique is one of the most commonly used sampling techniques for saving time and resources. It is a trustworthy method of gathering information in which every single element of the population is selected randomly, purely by chance.

Step 8: Data collection methods

There are basically two data collection methods: primary and secondary sources of data collection. The primary source includes survey interviews, questionnaires, interviews, observation, etc., while the secondary source of data is extracting data from reliable sources such as World Bank, Financial Statements of Institutions or trading companies, Stock Exchange, etc. The author should determine the most convenient and realistic source which will provide the data needed timely for analysis

Step 9: Reliability And Validity Of Research Instrument

The concepts of reliability and validity are used to assess the quality of data analysis. They imply the accuracy with which a technique, procedure, or test measures a variable. The consistency of a measure is its reliability, whereas the precision of an indicator is referred to as its validity. There are five major sources of information for validity. These are clear indications predicated on (1) content validity, (2) feedback procedure, (3) internal structure, (4) relationships with other variables, and (5) diagnostics outcomes. It is a must to carry out reliability and validity while using a primary source of data.

Step 10: Data Analysis And Synthesis Methods

The method of data analysis should be indicated in the study. It should be revealed if the study will testing effects use, Regression, Anova, SEM, Factor Analysis, etc.) and if trends use descriptive analysis.

Step 11: Ethical Considerations

Ethical Considerations is a set of principles and values that address what is positive and negative in human existence. Ethics seeks justifications for acting or abstaining from behaving; for approving or rejecting behaviour; for trusting or rejecting something about virtue or cruel behaviour in research. One of the ethical considerations is not revealing the identity of the respondents or key information about them.

The methodology determines if the results will be generalized or not. Hence there is a need to justify each of the steps highlighted in the methodology with existing literature .

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How to write a final year project proposal: simple steps.

How to Write a Final Year Project Proposal

It’s your final year in college and as usual the faculty would require that you conduct a research project. But before you begin the research, you would need to write a project proposal.

Note that a project proposal is not same as a research project. While a research project is a document that is written by a student at the end of an academic degree; in this case, an undergraduate degree, a project proposal is a type of work that represents the basic plan of how the student hopes to accomplish the research goals of his final year project. The project proposal would contain a surface study on the research project.

A good research proposal is very useful in organizing time and resources to complete your final project in a way that ensures your objectives are realized.

Writing a project proposal is not as difficult as most people think. The difficult part is usually knowing what topic you want to base your final year research on. Once you have done this, the other things become easier. The Key to picking an awesome project topic is concentrating on the current problems in the society and trying to find a topic in your field of study that would solve those problems.

After you have picked a topic, the next thing you should do is research that topic and understand what the topic entails. It is advisable that you publish papers centered on your topic. This will enable you understand what path your research work should follow based on its format. Now, you can begin the process of writing your research proposal.

Steps to follow to write a proposal for your final year project.

This is the first part of any final year research project proposal. It should be brief, clear, and easy to understand. The abstract explains what you will be doing, how you will do it, and why you are doing it.

Introduction

The introduction contains the background of your research proposal. It explains the problems your research would be solving. It also describes the practical approaches you’d be using to solve these problems. Your introduction should also be able to explain how the problems relate to your field of study. Your introduction should be easy to understand and should be backed up with facts. Try to make it an engaging research. Don’t be boring.

Purpose of the study

The goals of your project topic should be clearly defined in this section. You should be able to provide practical reasons why you think this project is important. This section will state hypothesis that need to be tested and questions that are to be answered by your research. You should begin this section with the statement ‘the purpose of this study is…’

In this section, you would provide a detailed explanation of your intended research approach. You would need to state whether it would be a quantitative or qualitative research. Basically, these are the methods you will use in order to prove your hypothesis. This section will also discuss the important variables that you will test in order to prove the validity of your hypothesis.

Instruments

This section will describe the type of research instruments you would be using to conduct your research. The research instruments may be interview, questionnaire or experiment. In some cases, a research may require more than one research instrument. The key to choosing a research instrument for your research is understanding your research topic and the questions your research poses. Your research instrument must enable you to gather the data needed to answer your research questions appropriately. Most undergraduate projects in the science department use experiments while the humanities and arts use questionnaires more often than not.

This is the last part of your research proposal. All academic writings require references and citations. This shows the readers that you value the work done by others that has helped you formulate the research proposal. It also shows the readers that you understand your project topic. Citations should include the names of authors, title of publication, date of publication and depending on your referencing style and any other necessary information.

I advise against writing the limitations of your research project in your proposal because you have not actually done the research, so you may have no backings to show that it is an actual limitation. So, unless your faculty says otherwise, do not include it in your project proposal. I will also recommend that you consult the guidelines for writing a research proposal in your faculty before you begin. Some faculties have specific criteria they look out for in a research proposal.

When you are done writing your research proposal, proofread it and ensure that it is free from grammar, punctuation and spelling errors. You can proofread by using a grammar or spelling checker. Such checkers are available online.

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