how to summarize thesis in one sentence

Thesis Helpers

Find the best tips and advice to improve your writing. Or, have a top expert write your paper.

Thesis Summary: A Detailed Academic Writing Guide

A thesis summary is a highly condensed version of the longer paper. It highlights the main points that have been covered in the paper while concisely describing the content of the thesis. In most cases, the summary of a thesis and the abstract serve the same purpose. They provide an overview of all the major points of a thesis. Thus, a reader can quickly see the main content of your thesis when they read the summary. This enables them to determine whether they are interested in your work or not.

What is Included in a Thesis Summary?

When asked to summarize something, you’re simply required to condense the text to the main points. As such, a good summary of thesis research should include important elements only. It should capture the main idea in the paper and the supporting points that may be interwoven with content that is of lesser importance.

Many learners confuse a thesis statement summary with an analysis. An analysis is a discussion of the techniques, ideas, and meaning in the text. On the other hand, a summary does not entail responding or critiquing the ideas in the text. Analyzing a paper entails summarizing its content to establish the ideas that you will be analyzing. A summary does not substitute for analysis.

Here are some of the things that a Ph.D. or master thesis summary should include: A title that is similar to that of your thesis The main purpose of your thesis The main topic of your thesis The research methods used to gather the information The sub-sections of your thesis Recommendations, results, and conclusions

Essentially, a summary should present the points of the author in a straightforward structure. Therefore, read the thesis carefully to determine the major and minor components or points of the argument and summarize them in an organized manner.

A point that the author makes at the beginning and another one at the end should concisely be included in a summary of thesis to convey the main argument of the author. Thus, you should read, understand, and reconstruct the thesis into a more concise, shorter form.

How to Write an Executive Summary for Thesis

Perhaps, you have written a short thesis that is not longer than ten pages. In that case, follow these steps to write a summary thesis:

Summarize every paragraph in one sentence
Summarize the entire text in a single sentence
Write a single paragraph that starts with a sentence that summarizes the entire text followed by a paragraph of summary sentences
Rewrite and rearrange your paragraph to ensure that it’s concise and clear.
Eliminate relatively minor and repetitive points and include transitions.

Make sure that the final summary is complete, coherent, and unified.

How to Write Summary of Ph.D. Thesis and Longer Texts

A longer text like a Ph.D. requires time to summarize. That’s because you have to read and understand the document before you summarize it. Here’s how to write a summary thesis for longer papers.

Outline the thesis by breaking it down into different major sections. To do this, group the paragraphs that focus on a similar topic and then list down the supporting points for different sections.
Write a sentence or two that summarizes every section.
Create a single sentence that summarizes the entire text. Look for the topic sentence in the thesis to guide you.
Write one paragraph or several to start the overall summary sentence. Follow it with sentences that summarize different sections.
Rearrange and rewrite the paragraphs to make the text concise and clear while eliminating repetitious and relatively minor points. Also, include transitions in your summary.

The final summary should include the main supporting points of every idea. Make the final version coherent, unified, and complete.

When is the Summary of Findings in Thesis Necessary?

The summary and conclusion thesis serves the purpose of providing an overview of the paper. As such, students are required to write a summary in many instances. In some cases, an educator can assign learners to write a page or two after reading a paper or article. They can also be asked to come up with a summary of their text as part of their critique or response after reading a paper.

Students can also write article summaries as a part of their planning or note-taking process when writing a research paper. These summaries or their parts can be included in the final papers. When writing a research paper, an author can depend on the summary as their reference to source materials. A summary enables a writer to condense broad information so that they can explain and present the relevance of the sources that deal with a similar subject.

A paper can also be summarized in the introduction to present a precise and concise overview of the main ideas to be discussed in the rest of the text. The length of a summary should depend on the complexity and length of the paper. Additionally, the purpose of a summary should determine whether it will be a few sentences, a shorter paragraph, or even several paragraphs. You can even come across a thesis summary sample that looks like an entire paper.

Qualities of a Good Summary Thesis Sample

When learning how to write summary and conclusion in thesis, many students use samples as their guides. But, how do you know that you’re using a good thesis summary example? Here are the qualities to look for:

Comprehensiveness : A good summary should be comprehensive. All important points should be isolated from the original passage and noted down in a brief list. These are the ideas that should form the summary because they are indispensable to the development of the thesis.
Conciseness : An ideal summary should be free of repetitions. Do not repeat the same points even if they have been restated in the main document. The summary should be shorter while providing a brief overview of the paper. Therefore, avoid repetition of the main point and supporting ideas.
Coherence : A good summary makes sense. It’s not a piece that looks like it’s been taken from the main document. It should also not sound like a collection of disjointed sentences from the main document that is being summarized.
Independence : When writing a summary, your work is not to imitate the main text’s author. Instead, you are expected to showcase your style and voice in the summary. Thus, you should not just quote the main text’s author. Instead, express how you understand the document in your words. A summary should be based on your understanding and interpretation of the main ideas or points of the writer. Nevertheless, a good summary does not create distortion or misrepresentation through the introduction of criticisms or comments.

It’s also crucial to note that a good summary thesis example uses a structure that features an introduction, the body, and a conclusion. It presents the goal or purpose, results, and conclusion or recommendations. What’s more, it features logical connections of the included information without adding new information.

To write a great summary, work on this part after completing your thesis. Make sure that you’re guided by the main points of your thesis. What’s more, use a good executive summary for thesis sample to guide you. The length of your summary should depend on its purpose and the length of the main document. Once you have written the summary, read it carefully, and eliminate all errors when proofreading and editing it. Alternatively, ask our thesis editors to proofread the summary for you.

Make PhD experience your own

Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
makes a claim that others might dispute.
is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

Do I answer the question? Yes!
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Make a Gift

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

9.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement

Learning objectives.

Develop a strong, clear thesis statement with the proper elements.
Revise your thesis statement.

Have you ever known a person who was not very good at telling stories? You probably had trouble following his train of thought as he jumped around from point to point, either being too brief in places that needed further explanation or providing too many details on a meaningless element. Maybe he told the end of the story first, then moved to the beginning and later added details to the middle. His ideas were probably scattered, and the story did not flow very well. When the story was over, you probably had many questions.

Just as a personal anecdote can be a disorganized mess, an essay can fall into the same trap of being out of order and confusing. That is why writers need a thesis statement to provide a specific focus for their essay and to organize what they are about to discuss in the body.

Just like a topic sentence summarizes a single paragraph, the thesis statement summarizes an entire essay. It tells the reader the point you want to make in your essay, while the essay itself supports that point. It is like a signpost that signals the essay’s destination. You should form your thesis before you begin to organize an essay, but you may find that it needs revision as the essay develops.

Elements of a Thesis Statement

For every essay you write, you must focus on a central idea. This idea stems from a topic you have chosen or been assigned or from a question your teacher has asked. It is not enough merely to discuss a general topic or simply answer a question with a yes or no. You have to form a specific opinion, and then articulate that into a controlling idea —the main idea upon which you build your thesis.

Remember that a thesis is not the topic itself, but rather your interpretation of the question or subject. For whatever topic your professor gives you, you must ask yourself, “What do I want to say about it?” Asking and then answering this question is vital to forming a thesis that is precise, forceful and confident.

A thesis is one sentence long and appears toward the end of your introduction. It is specific and focuses on one to three points of a single idea—points that are able to be demonstrated in the body. It forecasts the content of the essay and suggests how you will organize your information. Remember that a thesis statement does not summarize an issue but rather dissects it.

A Strong Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement contains the following qualities.

Specificity. A thesis statement must concentrate on a specific area of a general topic. As you may recall, the creation of a thesis statement begins when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of that topic. For example, health care is a broad topic, but a proper thesis statement would focus on a specific area of that topic, such as options for individuals without health care coverage.

Precision. A strong thesis statement must be precise enough to allow for a coherent argument and to remain focused on the topic. If the specific topic is options for individuals without health care coverage, then your precise thesis statement must make an exact claim about it, such as that limited options exist for those who are uninsured by their employers. You must further pinpoint what you are going to discuss regarding these limited effects, such as whom they affect and what the cause is.

Ability to be argued. A thesis statement must present a relevant and specific argument. A factual statement often is not considered arguable. Be sure your thesis statement contains a point of view that can be supported with evidence.

Ability to be demonstrated. For any claim you make in your thesis, you must be able to provide reasons and examples for your opinion. You can rely on personal observations in order to do this, or you can consult outside sources to demonstrate that what you assert is valid. A worthy argument is backed by examples and details.

Forcefulness. A thesis statement that is forceful shows readers that you are, in fact, making an argument. The tone is assertive and takes a stance that others might oppose.

Confidence. In addition to using force in your thesis statement, you must also use confidence in your claim. Phrases such as I feel or I believe actually weaken the readers’ sense of your confidence because these phrases imply that you are the only person who feels the way you do. In other words, your stance has insufficient backing. Taking an authoritative stance on the matter persuades your readers to have faith in your argument and open their minds to what you have to say.

Even in a personal essay that allows the use of first person, your thesis should not contain phrases such as in my opinion or I believe . These statements reduce your credibility and weaken your argument. Your opinion is more convincing when you use a firm attitude.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a thesis statement for each of the following topics. Remember to make each statement specific, precise, demonstrable, forceful and confident.

Texting while driving
The legal drinking age in the United States
Steroid use among professional athletes

Examples of Appropriate Thesis Statements

Each of the following thesis statements meets several of the following requirements:

Specificity
Ability to be argued
Ability to be demonstrated
Forcefulness
The societal and personal struggles of Troy Maxon in the play Fences symbolize the challenge of black males who lived through segregation and integration in the United States.
Closing all American borders for a period of five years is one solution that will tackle illegal immigration.
Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony in Romeo and Juliet spoils the outcome for the audience and weakens the plot.
J. D. Salinger’s character in Catcher in the Rye , Holden Caulfield, is a confused rebel who voices his disgust with phonies, yet in an effort to protect himself, he acts like a phony on many occasions.
Compared to an absolute divorce, no-fault divorce is less expensive, promotes fairer settlements, and reflects a more realistic view of the causes for marital breakdown.
Exposing children from an early age to the dangers of drug abuse is a sure method of preventing future drug addicts.
In today’s crumbling job market, a high school diploma is not significant enough education to land a stable, lucrative job.

You can find thesis statements in many places, such as in the news; in the opinions of friends, coworkers or teachers; and even in songs you hear on the radio. Become aware of thesis statements in everyday life by paying attention to people’s opinions and their reasons for those opinions. Pay attention to your own everyday thesis statements as well, as these can become material for future essays.

Now that you have read about the contents of a good thesis statement and have seen examples, take a look at the pitfalls to avoid when composing your own thesis:

A thesis is weak when it is simply a declaration of your subject or a description of what you will discuss in your essay.

Weak thesis statement: My paper will explain why imagination is more important than knowledge.

A thesis is weak when it makes an unreasonable or outrageous claim or insults the opposing side.

Weak thesis statement: Religious radicals across America are trying to legislate their Puritanical beliefs by banning required high school books.

A thesis is weak when it contains an obvious fact or something that no one can disagree with or provides a dead end.

Weak thesis statement: Advertising companies use sex to sell their products.

A thesis is weak when the statement is too broad.

Weak thesis statement: The life of Abraham Lincoln was long and challenging.

Read the following thesis statements. On a separate piece of paper, identify each as weak or strong. For those that are weak, list the reasons why. Then revise the weak statements so that they conform to the requirements of a strong thesis.

The subject of this paper is my experience with ferrets as pets.
The government must expand its funding for research on renewable energy resources in order to prepare for the impending end of oil.
Edgar Allan Poe was a poet who lived in Baltimore during the nineteenth century.
In this essay, I will give you lots of reasons why slot machines should not be legalized in Baltimore.
Despite his promises during his campaign, President Kennedy took few executive measures to support civil rights legislation.
Because many children’s toys have potential safety hazards that could lead to injury, it is clear that not all children’s toys are safe.
My experience with young children has taught me that I want to be a disciplinary parent because I believe that a child without discipline can be a parent’s worst nightmare.

Writing at Work

Often in your career, you will need to ask your boss for something through an e-mail. Just as a thesis statement organizes an essay, it can also organize your e-mail request. While your e-mail will be shorter than an essay, using a thesis statement in your first paragraph quickly lets your boss know what you are asking for, why it is necessary, and what the benefits are. In short body paragraphs, you can provide the essential information needed to expand upon your request.

Thesis Statement Revision

Your thesis will probably change as you write, so you will need to modify it to reflect exactly what you have discussed in your essay. Remember from Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” that your thesis statement begins as a working thesis statement , an indefinite statement that you make about your topic early in the writing process for the purpose of planning and guiding your writing.

Working thesis statements often become stronger as you gather information and form new opinions and reasons for those opinions. Revision helps you strengthen your thesis so that it matches what you have expressed in the body of the paper.

The best way to revise your thesis statement is to ask questions about it and then examine the answers to those questions. By challenging your own ideas and forming definite reasons for those ideas, you grow closer to a more precise point of view, which you can then incorporate into your thesis statement.

Ways to Revise Your Thesis

You can cut down on irrelevant aspects and revise your thesis by taking the following steps:

1. Pinpoint and replace all nonspecific words, such as people , everything , society , or life , with more precise words in order to reduce any vagueness.

Working thesis: Young people have to work hard to succeed in life.

Revised thesis: Recent college graduates must have discipline and persistence in order to find and maintain a stable job in which they can use and be appreciated for their talents.

The revised thesis makes a more specific statement about success and what it means to work hard. The original includes too broad a range of people and does not define exactly what success entails. By replacing those general words like people and work hard , the writer can better focus his or her research and gain more direction in his or her writing.

2. Clarify ideas that need explanation by asking yourself questions that narrow your thesis.

Working thesis: The welfare system is a joke.

Revised thesis: The welfare system keeps a socioeconomic class from gaining employment by alluring members of that class with unearned income, instead of programs to improve their education and skill sets.

A joke means many things to many people. Readers bring all sorts of backgrounds and perspectives to the reading process and would need clarification for a word so vague. This expression may also be too informal for the selected audience. By asking questions, the writer can devise a more precise and appropriate explanation for joke . The writer should ask himself or herself questions similar to the 5WH questions. (See Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” for more information on the 5WH questions.) By incorporating the answers to these questions into a thesis statement, the writer more accurately defines his or her stance, which will better guide the writing of the essay.

3. Replace any linking verbs with action verbs. Linking verbs are forms of the verb to be , a verb that simply states that a situation exists.

Working thesis: Kansas City schoolteachers are not paid enough.

Revised thesis: The Kansas City legislature cannot afford to pay its educators, resulting in job cuts and resignations in a district that sorely needs highly qualified and dedicated teachers.

The linking verb in this working thesis statement is the word are . Linking verbs often make thesis statements weak because they do not express action. Rather, they connect words and phrases to the second half of the sentence. Readers might wonder, “Why are they not paid enough?” But this statement does not compel them to ask many more questions. The writer should ask himself or herself questions in order to replace the linking verb with an action verb, thus forming a stronger thesis statement, one that takes a more definitive stance on the issue:

Who is not paying the teachers enough?
What is considered “enough”?
What is the problem?
What are the results

4. Omit any general claims that are hard to support.

Working thesis: Today’s teenage girls are too sexualized.

Revised thesis: Teenage girls who are captivated by the sexual images on MTV are conditioned to believe that a woman’s worth depends on her sensuality, a feeling that harms their self-esteem and behavior.

It is true that some young women in today’s society are more sexualized than in the past, but that is not true for all girls. Many girls have strict parents, dress appropriately, and do not engage in sexual activity while in middle school and high school. The writer of this thesis should ask the following questions:

Which teenage girls?
What constitutes “too” sexualized?
Why are they behaving that way?
Where does this behavior show up?
What are the repercussions?

In the first section of Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” , you determined your purpose for writing and your audience. You then completed a freewriting exercise about an event you recently experienced and chose a general topic to write about. Using that general topic, you then narrowed it down by answering the 5WH questions. After you answered these questions, you chose one of the three methods of prewriting and gathered possible supporting points for your working thesis statement.

Now, on a separate sheet of paper, write down your working thesis statement. Identify any weaknesses in this sentence and revise the statement to reflect the elements of a strong thesis statement. Make sure it is specific, precise, arguable, demonstrable, forceful, and confident.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.

In your career you may have to write a project proposal that focuses on a particular problem in your company, such as reinforcing the tardiness policy. The proposal would aim to fix the problem; using a thesis statement would clearly state the boundaries of the problem and tell the goals of the project. After writing the proposal, you may find that the thesis needs revision to reflect exactly what is expressed in the body. Using the techniques from this chapter would apply to revising that thesis.

Key Takeaways

Proper essays require a thesis statement to provide a specific focus and suggest how the essay will be organized.
A thesis statement is your interpretation of the subject, not the topic itself.
A strong thesis is specific, precise, forceful, confident, and is able to be demonstrated.
A strong thesis challenges readers with a point of view that can be debated and can be supported with evidence.
A weak thesis is simply a declaration of your topic or contains an obvious fact that cannot be argued.
Depending on your topic, it may or may not be appropriate to use first person point of view.
Revise your thesis by ensuring all words are specific, all ideas are exact, and all verbs express action.

Write my thesis
Thesis writers
Buy thesis papers
Bachelor thesis
Master's thesis
Thesis editing services
Thesis proofreading services
Buy a thesis online
Write my dissertation
Dissertation proposal help
Pay for dissertation
Custom dissertation
Dissertation help online
Buy dissertation online
Cheap dissertation
Dissertation editing services
Write my research paper
Buy research paper online
Pay for research paper
Research paper help
Order research paper
Custom research paper
Cheap research paper
Research papers for sale
Thesis subjects
How It Works

Guide On How To Write a Thesis Summary In 2023

So, you just found out that you need to write a thesis summary. In most cases, students who encounter this requirement for the first time start to panic. Frankly, not everyone knows what this thesis summary is. And let’s not forget that most students have no clue how to write one. Don’t worry about it too much though.

What is a thesis summary?

Why use a thesis summary, how to write an effective thesis summary in 2023, master thesis summary example.

A thesis summary is a document that summarizes the points of a longer essay, thesis, or dissertation. Readers will often find a summary to be helpful as it offers a succinct overview of the document’s contents. A Thesis Summary should not be confused with an abstract as they both refer to separate documents that serve different purposes.

The steps involved in writing a Thesis Summary depend on what type of thesis you are summarizing. If you’re summarizing a text-based thesis, then your first step should be to read the Thesis and make note of any major key points and conclusions made by the author(s). You then assemble your notes into one coherent paragraph detailing each one of the major key points. Keep in mind that this initial paragraph will serve as an introduction to your Thesis Summary; therefore, it should not contain the thesis’ main points. Once you’ve completed this step, use these Main Points (identified in your thesis) as a guide for writing the body of your document.

If you’re developing a summary thesis that’s math-related, then you’ll first need to take note of the main conclusions. Second, you must determine how these conclusions were reached by noting each step in the proof. Finally, you’ll have to explain why each step is true using logic statements and definitions from the thesis.

These are the two standard ways to write a thesis summary. However, you can also include your insights, opinions, and comments if you choose.

The steps for writing a ‘ Thesis Summary in 2023’ are just about the same as they’ve always been. They’re pretty much set in stone because this is how students have written thesis summaries for decades.

For both types of thesis summaries, you should include a final paragraph that ties everything together with a brief conclusion. This final paragraph should highlight the key points and conclusions made throughout your document as well as offer a brief statement about why these points matter.

Step 1: Read the Text

The very first thing you’ll want to do is read the entire text. When you’re reading, make note of any major key points and conclusions made by the author(s). If you’re summarizing a text-based thesis, then these major points will form the basis for your introduction paragraph. However, don’t include these points in this introduction.

Step 2: Get to Work

After reading the entire document, it’s time to get started! Begin by taking notes on what you’ve learned from the text and organize them into one coherent paragraph. Make sure that this introduction doesn’t contain the thesis’ main points. Next, use these Main Points (identified in your thesis) as a guide for writing the rest of your thesis summary.

Step 3: Proof it Out

If you’re summarizing a math-related thesis, then you’ll first need to take note of the main conclusions and purposes stated within the document. Next, determine how these conclusions were reached by noting each statement or step in the proof. Finally, complete your Thesis Summary by explaining why each step is true using logical statements and definitions from the thesis.

Step 4: Wrap it Up

Once you’ve finished writing the body of your Thesis Summary, include a final paragraph that ties everything together with a brief conclusion. This final paragraph should highlight the key points and conclusions made throughout your document as well as offer a brief statement about why these points matter.

The best reasons to use a thesis summary are that it will both summarize the relevance of the document and add relevance to an argument. If someone is looking for a specific point or conclusion from the original text, then a Thesis Summary provides them with a quick breakdown of what they can find in the document’s introduction.

You should include a thesis summary in your writings when you believe that there may be too many arguments within your writing. It will help you put together the important points from the different arguments into one concise section.

If you’re summarizing a math-related thesis, they will ensure that you proof every step of the proof given in your paper. It will make sure that you do not miss any details.

There are a few key things that you should keep in mind when writing an effective thesis summary.

When you’re summarizing a math-related paper, make sure to highlight the main conclusions and how they were arrived at.
Tell the reader why these conclusions matter by explaining each one with logical statements and definitions from the original document.
Include a brief conclusion paragraph that ties everything together and highlights the key points covered throughout your work.
If your thesis is text-based, make sure to include important points throughout the body of your work.
Last but not least, remember that you are writing a summary so don’t use big words or complex sentence structures! Your goal is to be understood by anyone who reads it in the future.

This Thesis Summary sample is based on a text-based document. Please note, as far as the format and structure are concerned, there’s not much difference between a summary of a bachelor thesis example, an example of a Ph.D. thesis summary, and a thesis chapter summary from a Master thesis summary.

The introduction to the original document should be written as such:

“In this thesis, we’d like to introduce a new framework for understanding how we learn and teach math. The topic of learning and teaching should be the focus of mathematics education.”

Then, point out the main points and conclusions made throughout the body of your work:

“One conclusion that we’ve drawn from our research is that children’s conceptions should be taken into account when designing an appropriate math curriculum for them.”

“A second conclusion that we’ve drawn from our research is that children are more likely to develop their ideas about math if they are encouraged to think critically.”

Finally, make a brief statement about why these points matter using logical statements and definitions from the thesis:

“These conclusions highlight how important it is to focus on children’s conceptions when designing curricula because if we don’t take them into account, we miss out on our student’s potential.”

“These conclusions also show that we need to emphasize critical thinking as a means for children to develop their ideas about math.”

Now, you’ve successfully written an effective thesis summary! Keep in mind that your goal is to highlight the main points and conclusions of the original document as well as boast about their significance. To make this process easier for you, we hope that our tips come in handy.

You should now have a good idea about what a thesis summary or dissertation summary is, why you should use them, and how to write one.

A thesis summary is an overview of the main points and conclusions made in a text-based document or simply put, a summary of the research paper. A Thesis Summary should be included when you believe there are too many arguments within your writing, or if you’re summarizing math-related papers for proofing purposes. Key things to keep in mind while writing one include highlighting important concepts that were previously mentioned, explaining why these new ideas matter with logical statements and definitions from the original work, and providing a brief conclusion paragraph that ties everything together. If you want thesis help with any part of this process from reading or understanding complex texts to organizing them into coherent paragraphs let us know! Our team of thesis writers will be happy to help you complete your thesis summary!

Writing Tutorial Services

How to write a thesis statement, what is a thesis statement.

Almost all of us—even if we don’t do it consciously—look early in an essay for a one- or two-sentence condensation of the argument or analysis that is to follow. We refer to that condensation as a thesis statement.

Why Should Your Essay Contain a Thesis Statement?

to test your ideas by distilling them into a sentence or two
to better organize and develop your argument
to provide your reader with a “guide” to your argument

In general, your thesis statement will accomplish these goals if you think of the thesis as the answer to the question your paper explores.

How Can You Write a Good Thesis Statement?

Here are some helpful hints to get you started. You can either scroll down or select a link to a specific topic.

How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is Assigned How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is not Assigned How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One

How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is Assigned

Almost all assignments, no matter how complicated, can be reduced to a single question. Your first step, then, is to distill the assignment into a specific question. For example, if your assignment is, “Write a report to the local school board explaining the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class,” turn the request into a question like, “What are the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class?” After you’ve chosen the question your essay will answer, compose one or two complete sentences answering that question.

Q: “What are the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class?” A: “The potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class are . . .”

A: “Using computers in a fourth-grade class promises to improve . . .”

The answer to the question is the thesis statement for the essay.

[ Back to top ]

How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is not Assigned

Even if your assignment doesn’t ask a specific question, your thesis statement still needs to answer a question about the issue you’d like to explore. In this situation, your job is to figure out what question you’d like to write about.

A good thesis statement will usually include the following four attributes:

take on a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree
deal with a subject that can be adequately treated given the nature of the assignment
express one main idea
assert your conclusions about a subject

Let’s see how to generate a thesis statement for a social policy paper.

Brainstorm the topic . Let’s say that your class focuses upon the problems posed by changes in the dietary habits of Americans. You find that you are interested in the amount of sugar Americans consume.

You start out with a thesis statement like this:

Sugar consumption.

This fragment isn’t a thesis statement. Instead, it simply indicates a general subject. Furthermore, your reader doesn’t know what you want to say about sugar consumption.

Narrow the topic . Your readings about the topic, however, have led you to the conclusion that elementary school children are consuming far more sugar than is healthy.

You change your thesis to look like this:

Reducing sugar consumption by elementary school children.

This fragment not only announces your subject, but it focuses on one segment of the population: elementary school children. Furthermore, it raises a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree, because while most people might agree that children consume more sugar than they used to, not everyone would agree on what should be done or who should do it. You should note that this fragment is not a thesis statement because your reader doesn’t know your conclusions on the topic.

Take a position on the topic. After reflecting on the topic a little while longer, you decide that what you really want to say about this topic is that something should be done to reduce the amount of sugar these children consume.

You revise your thesis statement to look like this:

More attention should be paid to the food and beverage choices available to elementary school children.

This statement asserts your position, but the terms more attention and food and beverage choices are vague.

Use specific language . You decide to explain what you mean about food and beverage choices , so you write:

Experts estimate that half of elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar.

This statement is specific, but it isn’t a thesis. It merely reports a statistic instead of making an assertion.

Make an assertion based on clearly stated support. You finally revise your thesis statement one more time to look like this:

Because half of all American elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar, schools should be required to replace the beverages in soda machines with healthy alternatives.

Notice how the thesis answers the question, “What should be done to reduce sugar consumption by children, and who should do it?” When you started thinking about the paper, you may not have had a specific question in mind, but as you became more involved in the topic, your ideas became more specific. Your thesis changed to reflect your new insights.

How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One

1. a strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand..

Remember that your thesis needs to show your conclusions about a subject. For example, if you are writing a paper for a class on fitness, you might be asked to choose a popular weight-loss product to evaluate. Here are two thesis statements:

There are some negative and positive aspects to the Banana Herb Tea Supplement.

This is a weak thesis statement. First, it fails to take a stand. Second, the phrase negative and positive aspects is vague.

Because Banana Herb Tea Supplement promotes rapid weight loss that results in the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it poses a potential danger to customers.

This is a strong thesis because it takes a stand, and because it's specific.

2. A strong thesis statement justifies discussion.

Your thesis should indicate the point of the discussion. If your assignment is to write a paper on kinship systems, using your own family as an example, you might come up with either of these two thesis statements:

My family is an extended family.

This is a weak thesis because it merely states an observation. Your reader won’t be able to tell the point of the statement, and will probably stop reading.

While most American families would view consanguineal marriage as a threat to the nuclear family structure, many Iranian families, like my own, believe that these marriages help reinforce kinship ties in an extended family.

This is a strong thesis because it shows how your experience contradicts a widely-accepted view. A good strategy for creating a strong thesis is to show that the topic is controversial. Readers will be interested in reading the rest of the essay to see how you support your point.

3. A strong thesis statement expresses one main idea.

Readers need to be able to see that your paper has one main point. If your thesis statement expresses more than one idea, then you might confuse your readers about the subject of your paper. For example:

Companies need to exploit the marketing potential of the Internet, and Web pages can provide both advertising and customer support.

This is a weak thesis statement because the reader can’t decide whether the paper is about marketing on the Internet or Web pages. To revise the thesis, the relationship between the two ideas needs to become more clear. One way to revise the thesis would be to write:

Because the Internet is filled with tremendous marketing potential, companies should exploit this potential by using Web pages that offer both advertising and customer support.

This is a strong thesis because it shows that the two ideas are related. Hint: a great many clear and engaging thesis statements contain words like because , since , so , although , unless , and however .

4. A strong thesis statement is specific.

A thesis statement should show exactly what your paper will be about, and will help you keep your paper to a manageable topic. For example, if you're writing a seven-to-ten page paper on hunger, you might say:

World hunger has many causes and effects.

This is a weak thesis statement for two major reasons. First, world hunger can’t be discussed thoroughly in seven to ten pages. Second, many causes and effects is vague. You should be able to identify specific causes and effects. A revised thesis might look like this:

Hunger persists in Glandelinia because jobs are scarce and farming in the infertile soil is rarely profitable.

This is a strong thesis statement because it narrows the subject to a more specific and manageable topic, and it also identifies the specific causes for the existence of hunger.

Produced by Writing Tutorial Services, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN

Service Alert

Article Summaries, Reviews & Critiques

Writing an article summary.

Writing an article REVIEW
Writing an article CRITIQUE
Citing Sources This link opens in a new window
About RCC Library

Text: 336-308-8801

Email: [email protected]

Call: 336-633-0204

Schedule: Book-a-Librarian

Like us on Facebook

Links on this guide may go to external web sites not connected with Randolph Community College. Their inclusion is not an endorsement by Randolph Community College and the College is not responsible for the accuracy of their content or the security of their site.

When writing a summary, the goal is to compose a concise and objective overview of the original article. The summary should focus only on the article's main ideas and important details that support those ideas.

Guidelines for summarizing an article:

State the main ideas.
Identify the most important details that support the main ideas.
Summarize in your own words.
Do not copy phrases or sentences unless they are being used as direct quotations.
Express the underlying meaning of the article, but do not critique or analyze.
The summary should be about one third the length of the original article.

Your summary should include:

Give an overview of the article, including the title and the name of the author.
Provide a thesis statement that states the main idea of the article.
Use the body paragraphs to explain the supporting ideas of your thesis statement.
One-paragraph summary - one sentence per supporting detail, providing 1-2 examples for each.
Multi-paragraph summary - one paragraph per supporting detail, providing 2-3 examples for each.
Start each paragraph with a topic sentence.
Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas.
Summarize your thesis statement and the underlying meaning of the article.

Adapted from "Guidelines for Using In-Text Citations in a Summary (or Research Paper)" by Christine Bauer-Ramazani, 2020

Additional Resources

All links open in a new window.

How to Write a Summary - Guide & Examples (from Scribbr.com)

Writing a Summary (from The University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center)

Next: Writing an article REVIEW >>
Last Updated: Mar 15, 2024 9:32 AM
URL: https://libguides.randolph.edu/summaries

How to Write a Summary: Tips, Strategies and Best Practices

Writing a summary requires a deep understanding of the original text and the ability to concisely restate its main ideas in your own words, highlighting the essence of the content.

This process begins with crafting an organized paragraph that opens with an introductory sentence, clearly mentioning the text’s title, author, and central theme, steering clear of personal commentary to maintain the integrity of the summarized information.

In this blog, you will discover various strategies and best practices for summary writing, including ways to start a summary, summary steps, and the recommended length for a summary.

Purpose and Benefits of a Summary

Understanding the purpose of a summary is pivotal in grasping its significance in both academic and professional realms. Summaries serve multiple functions, each tailored to enhance comprehension, retention, and communication of key ideas.

Here's a breakdown of the types of summary, core components and benefits of summary writing:

Academic Summaries : Used in scholarly contexts to condense research findings, theories, or literary works.
Executive Summaries : Often found in business settings, these provide a snapshot of reports or proposals, highlighting key points for decision-makers.
Abstracts : Common in scientific articles, abstracts offer a brief overview of research aims, methods, results, and conclusions ] .
Main Idea or Thesis : A summary must encapsulate the central theme or argument presented in the original text.
Essential Supporting Points : It should also highlight crucial supporting arguments or evidence that back the main idea.
Independence from Original Text : While a summary relies on the content of the source material, it should stand on its own, providing a clear and concise rendition of the original work.
Improves Comprehension : Summarizing forces the writer to distill complex ideas into simpler, more digestible formats, thereby enhancing understanding of the subject matter.
Facilitates Future Reference : A well-crafted summary serves as a handy reference tool, allowing quick recall of a text’s key points without the need to revisit the entire work.
Better Understanding : By summarizing, writers can showcase their grasp of the material, making it a valuable tool in educational settings to assess understanding.
Objective Representation : Unlike critiques or analyses, summaries aim to objectively convey the essence of a text, focusing solely on the author’s ideas without personal bias or interpretation.

Understanding these aspects of summary writing underscores its value in effectively communicating complex information. This skill, once honed, becomes an indispensable tool across various domains, from academia to industry, underscoring the importance of mastering the art of summary writing.

Steps to Deep Reading Before Summarizing

Before embarking on the task of summarizing, engaging in deep reading is essential to fully grasp the content and nuances of the text.

Listed below are some of the benefits of deep reading

Deep Reading Benefits :

Deep reading is the mind's default mode for processing texts, allowing for deeper thinking and association with unique ideas.
It improves focus and teaches the brain to commit to one task at a time, which is essential in today’s world of information overflow.
Engaging deeply with a text provides more value, as immersion in the material follows the reader everywhere, encouraging positive action based on the information absorbed.

Here are the steps to ensure effective deep reading:

Initiate with Skimming and Active Reading :
Begin by skimming through the text to get a general idea of its main themes and structure.
Actively read the article or text, paying close attention to its presentation. This might involve rereading certain sections and keeping the purpose and intended audience in mind.
Divide the text into manageable sections. This helps in focusing on smaller parts of the text, making it easier to understand and summarize later.
Summarize each section individually while ensuring it aligns with the overall main idea of the text. This step is vital in understanding the content thoroughly before proceeding to write a summary.
Deep reading requires complete engagement with the text. Eliminate all distractions to immerse yourself fully in the material.
Understand every word in the writing, especially unfamiliar ones. This might require looking up meanings to ensure comprehensive understanding.
Read carefully and multiple times if needed, particularly the difficult parts, until they are fully understood.
Question the text and identify any discrepancies or mistakes, fostering a critical thinking approach.
Discuss insightful parts of the text with others. This can provide different perspectives and deepen understanding.
Attempt to rewrite what you've read. Successfully doing so indicates a deep comprehension of the material.
After a thorough initial reading, it's beneficial to give the article a deep re-read, highlighting passages that stand out.
Refine the highlights to make the author's ideas easier to understand and scrutinize their relevance to personal experiences and existing knowledge.
Write out high-level ideas by hand to further embed the new knowledge into the mind, and then explain these concepts in detail in a fresh document for a comprehensive understanding.

By adhering to these steps, readers can significantly enhance their understanding of the text, which is a crucial precursor to writing an effective summary. This deep engagement ensures that the summary captures the essence of the original text accurately and cohesively.

Crafting the Perfect Introductory Sentence

Crafting the perfect introductory sentence for a summary involves several key components that ensure clarity, conciseness, and a comprehensive understanding of the original text. Here's how to get started:

Title and Author : Always include the title of the text and the author's name in the introductory sentence. This provides immediate context to the reader.
Main Point : Clearly state the main point or thesis of the text as you understand it. This sets the stage for the rest of your summary.
Use Your Own Words : Avoid direct quotations; instead, paraphrase the author's main ideas in your own words to demonstrate your understanding and keep the summary original.
Start with the Source : Begin your summary by acknowledging the source material. This could be as simple as "In [Author's Name]'s [Title of the Text], the main argument focuses on...".
Incorporate a Reporting Verb : Use verbs like 'argues', 'claims', 'contends', or 'insists' to present the author's main ideas. This not only introduces the summary but also sets a scholarly tone.
Be Concise but Comprehensive : Your introductory sentence should capture the essence of the text in a nutshell, providing a snapshot of the author's thesis and the text's main theme.
For a novel: "In [Author's Name]'s novel, [Title], the story revolves around the central conflict faced by [main character], highlighting [main theme or journey]."
For an academic article: "In the article '[Title]' by [Author's Name], published in [Year], the author contends that [main argument], supported by [key evidence]."
For a scientific research paper: "The research paper '[Title]' by [Author's Name], focuses on [main research topic], where the author argues [main findings]."

By following these steps and structure, you can craft an introductory sentence that effectively sets the stage for your summary, providing your readers with a clear, concise, and comprehensive overview of the original text.

Condensing Main Points with Precision

Condensing the main points of a text with precision involves a meticulous process of identifying, prioritizing, and articulating the essence of the original material. Here's how to approach this crucial step in summary writing:

Main Idea : Determine the central thesis or argument of the text. This is the backbone of your summary.
Supporting Points : Pinpoint the essential arguments or evidence that bolster the main idea. These should be included to provide a comprehensive overview.
Keywords : Spot keywords within the text as they often signal important concepts or themes.
Use Your Own Words : Paraphrase the author's ideas into your own language to demonstrate understanding and avoid plagiarism. Remember, a summary should significantly condense the original text while accurately representing its main points.
Structure : Present the main ideas in the order they appear in the original text, using transitional phrases for coherence. However, avoid creating an outline or merely listing the points as they occur.
Omissions : Exclude any examples, detailed evidence, or rhetorical questions used by the author. The goal is to distill the text to its most pivotal elements, not to replicate its detailed discussions.
Abbreviations and Symbols : Use abbreviations and symbols to note down key points. This helps in keeping your summary concise.
Mind Maps and Columns : For longer texts, consider organizing the main points using a mind map or columns. This visual organization can help in understanding how ideas connect and which details are most important.
Highlighting : Use colors and highlighting to differentiate between themes or categories of information. Writing small can also help in fitting more content on a single page.

In summary writing, the ability to discern and distill the essence of the text is paramount. By following these steps, writers can ensure that their summaries are both accurate and concise, providing readers with a clear and succinct overview of the original material without injecting personal opinion or unnecessary detail.

Ensuring Coherence and Smooth Transitions

Ensuring coherence and smooth transitions in writing is akin to creating a map for readers to follow, guiding them through the ideas presented in a logical and fluid manner. Here are strategies to achieve this:

Use of Transitional Words and Phrases : Incorporate words such as 'subsequently' and 'conversely,' or phrases like 'as a result' and 'in conclusion' to link ideas and signal logical connections between them.
Key Phrases Repetition : Pick up key phrases from the previous paragraph and incorporate them in the next. This creates an obvious progression for readers, making the text more accessible and easier to follow.
Transitional Paragraphs : After major sections, employ transitional paragraphs to pause, regroup, and indicate where you are in your argument. These paragraphs should summarize major points, relate the previous section to the thesis, and connect it to what will follow, enhancing the overall flow of the essay.
Avoid using personal pronouns such as 'I' or 'We', which can disrupt the objective tone of a summary.
Beware of poor transitions that can lead to choppy, jumpy, or disconnected writing. These hinder the reader's ability to follow the organization or train of thought.
Within Paragraphs : Use transitional words or phrases, or keywords from the preceding paragraph, to ensure connections are clear within a paragraph. This helps in joining ideas together in a sentence and sentences together in a paragraph.
Between Paragraphs : Highlight connections between corresponding paragraphs by referencing relevant material from previous paragraphs in the next. Writing transitions that specifically connect one paragraph to another enhances the effectiveness more than using generic transitions.

By employing these strategies, writers can significantly enhance the cohesiveness of their writing. Effective use of transitions not only aids in better understanding by the reader but also ensures a smooth flow of ideas, making the summary more engaging and easier to comprehend.

Conclusion: Wrapping up Your Summary

Throughout this article, we've explored the nuanced skill of summary writing, offering readers a detailed guide on effectively condensing complex texts into clear, concise summaries. From understanding the foundational purpose and benefits of summaries in various contexts to mastering the art of crafting the perfect introductory sentence and ensuring coherence with smooth transitions, the guidance provided aims to enhance both academic and professional writing capabilities. Emphasizing the importance of using one's own words and maintaining objectivity, this article has underscored the critical skills required for precise and effective summary writing, making it an invaluable resource for individuals looking to refine their summarizing abilities.

What are the essential guidelines for creating a summary?

To craft an effective summary, you should:

Paraphrase the content using your own language.
Focus on the core ideas of the original material and keep it concise.
Refrain from incorporating your own interpretations or analyses; the summary should reflect the author's ideas, not yours.

How can I develop a strategy for summarizing a text?

Developing a summary strategy involves:

Thoroughly reading and understanding the text.
Taking notes on the central theme and key points that should be included.
Using the author's original keywords and considering how their ideas pertain to your own arguments in your work.

Can you outline the five steps involved in writing a summary?

Certainly! The five steps for summarizing are:

Read and comprehend the material you intend to summarize.
Highlight or underline significant sections of the text.
Jot down the primary arguments.
Include relevant supporting details.
Review your summary for accuracy and clarity.

What makes a summary both good and effective?

A good and effective summary should:

Start with an introductory sentence that mentions the text's title, author, and the main thesis as perceived by you.
Be composed in your own words, ensuring it's a paraphrase of the original.
Only encapsulate the original text's ideas without adding your personal opinions, interpretations, or commentary.

Sign up for more like this.

Current Students
Faculty & Staff
Business & Community
Course Schedule
Academic & Career Programs
Paying for College
Student Support
Developing Paragraphs
Taking Notes
Writing A Thesis
Stress Management
Time Management
Critical Reading
Writing An Effective Thesis Statement
Summarizing the Thesis St...
Summarizing the Thesis Statement

The thesis statement of any piece of writing, often in one sentence, will

Clearly communicate what will be discussed.
Preview the purpose.
Forecast the main organizing pattern.

While some thesis statements are easy to plan, others require careful consideration of

and audience.

The order of the subject matter needs to follow that of the thesis. It needs to indicate the purpose, state the subject matter, and indicate the organizing pattern.

The thesis needs to be checked against the parts of the piece of writing to ensure

that the order of both are the same.
that the development forecast in the thesis is the same as developed in the piece of writing.

Enter your information below to receive your certificate.

Your Full Name (required)

Your Email (required)

Using Thesis Statements
Where Should a Thesis Statement Be Placed
Informative
Creating a Thesis Statement
Entries feed
Comments feed
WordPress.org

Search this Website

Start here. get there..

Main Address

how to write a summary

A step-by-step guide to writing a great summary.

A summary of a literary work isn't just a plain-old synopsis. It's a valuable study tool, a foundational element of all kinds of essays, a common testing mechanism, and one of the basics of literary analysis.

Whether you're in high school or college, developing a deep understanding of how and when to summarize a book or text is a valuable skill. Doing so might require a little more knowledge and effort than you'd think.

That's why we're covering all aspects of summaries, from study tools to plot summaries, below.

What Is a Summary?

A summary is a brief overview of a text (or movie, speech, podcast, etcetera) that succinctly and comprehensively covers the main ideas or plot points.

Sounds simple, right? Well, there are a lot of unique characteristics that differentiate summaries from other commentary, such as analyses, book reviews, or outlines.

Summaries are:

In your own words. It's important that you don't just copy and paste the writer's words (in fact, that's plagiarizing). Writing the key points of a work in your own words indicates your comprehension and absorption of the material.
Objective. While a summary should be in your own words, it shouldn't contain your opinions. Instead, you should gather the main points and intentions of the writer and present them impartially. (If you include your opinions, it instead becomes an analysis or review.)
More than paraphrasing. Many students fall into the trap of simply paraphrasing—plainly restating the ideas or events of the work. (Is our definition starting to sound contradictory? We told you it wasn't straightforward!) Rather than recounting the events or ideas in a work chronologically or in the order they're presented, instead consider the broad scope of how they all contribute to the narrative or argument.
Short. There are no strict rules regarding length, only that it is concise. It's largely dependent on the length of the text it summarizes: longer texts, longer summaries. It also depends on the assignment or objective. However, most are about one to two paragraphs in length.
Comprehensive. Yes, it's another seemingly contradictory descriptor, but an important one. Summaries are comprehensive, meaning they cover all of the main plot points or ideas in a work (so they inherently contain "spoilers"). You should present those ideas in a way that condenses them into an inclusive, but not exhaustive, recounting in order to keep it short.
Straightforward (even if the text isn't). A good summary should be easy to comprehend, presenting the reader with a simple but all-encompassing understanding of the work at hand. With complex texts, summaries can be particularly useful because they distill big, complicated ideas into a bite-sized package.

When to Write a Summary

Like so many elements of literary analysis, summaries are misunderstood. We've already explained why they aren't as simple as most people think, but neither are their uses.

Summary writing is a useful skill in a variety of circumstances, both in and outside the English and Language Arts classrooms.

Readers, writers, teachers, and students can use summaries:

As a study tactic. The ability to summarize a book or text indicates that you've absorbed and understand the material. Plus, writing down notes (as in a summary) is a great way to retain material. Try summarizing at the end of a book chapter, after each section of an article, or periodically in textbooks. Doing so will help you digest the material you've just read, confirming you understood and retained the information therein. Stopping frequently to summarize is most effective because you're less likely to forget important plot points or ideas.
As an assignment. Teachers and professors often ask students to summarize a text as a test to confirm they read and understood the material. Before heading into class—especially if you have a test or quiz scheduled—try practicing summarizing the text. Write it down (rather than practicing it out loud or in your head) so that you can review your ideas and ensure you're presenting them succinctly and sensibly.
As part of an essay. If you're referencing a book or article in your own paper, you might need to summarize the source as the foundation for your argument. In this case, your summary should be particularly short so the reader doesn't lose sight of your own argument and intention. Introduce the name of the work and its author, then use one sentence (two at most) to describe their objective and how it relates to your own.
As part of a review. Summaries are very useful in an academic setting, but they have their place outside of it too. Whether you're on a book review site or just sharing a recommendation with a friend, being able to succinctly write a book summary (with or without spoilers) will help others to make their own judgements of a book.

Your Step-by-Step Guide for How to Write a Summary

Step 1: read the work .

Summaries are often perceived as a workaround for reading the work itself. That's not a great strategy under most circumstances because you tend to lose a lot of the details and nuance of a work, but it's particularly impractical to do so when writing about the work.

Remember, a summary is supposed to present your perception of the work as a whole. So in order to develop that perception, you have to first read the original text.

Step 2: Take Notes

As you read the work, simultaneously take notes. If you own the book, it might be helpful to add your notes to the margins or highlight passages that are particularly relevant or capture a key idea. If you don't own the book, try taking notes on your computer or in a notebook. You can still notate important passages by writing down the page and paragraph number or writing an abbreviated version of the quotation. Alternatively, try marking key passages with sticky notes or tabs.

It might also be helpful to write out a short outline of the work as you go. While you won't want to use this verbatim (remember, you shouldn't just paraphrase the work), it can help you establish and remember the text's framework.

Step 3: Identify the Author's Thesis Statement, Objective, or Main Point

In some works, such as a journal article, a writer will provide a thesis statement. A thesis statement is a one-sentence synopsis of the author's argument and intention. A thesis statement can be really helpful in forming the backbone of your own summary, just as it forms the backbone of the essay.

However, even when a thesis statement isn't present—like in a novel—the writer always has an objective or main idea. You should always identify this idea and use it to form the foundation of your summary.

The main point might be apparent at the outset of the work. Other times, the author won't present it until the conclusion. Sometimes you might identify multiple objectives throughout the work. That's why it's important, as you read, to note any ideas that might be the main idea. Even those that aren't the most important will likely remain relevant.

Step 4: Note Other Important Elements

If something stands out to you about the work and seems to play an important role in the text's overall narrative or structure, make a note about it. This could be a recurring theme, an incident in the storyline, or a deviation from the overall argument.

As you identify and note important elements and moments in the work, the structure of your summary should begin to fall into place.

Step 5: Prepare to Write Your Summary

Once you've finished reading the work, review your notes and highlight the key points that came to light. Remember, your summary should be objective, so disregard any opinions you might have noted about the work. You should introduce the thesis or objective, briefly encapsulate the important ideas and moments from the work, and end with a conclusion that ties those ideas to the objective. Keep this structure in mind as you begin.

Step 6: Begin by Introducing the Work

As you begin, introduce the work, its author, and, if relevant, the context.

Depending on your situation—for example, if your teacher or professor has asked you to summarize a work as part of an assignment or quiz—this might seem redundant. However, it is standard practice to begin by introducing the work, even if the reader already knows what you're writing about.

Example: In The Great Gatsby , F. Scott Fitzgerald...

Step 7: Present the Thesis, Main Idea, or Central Argument

Once you've introduced the work, your priority is to clearly define the author's thesis, important point, or central argument. As mentioned above, sometimes the author presents this idea clearly and succinctly at the outset of their work; at other times, it's buried deep in the text.

Regardless of how the main idea is presented in the work, it should be front and center in your summary. Some teachers might refer to this as a "topic sentence" or "introductory sentence." This is the central point around which you will construct the rest of your writing. As you progress, you'll highlight other ideas or occurrences that relate or contribute to this main idea, so it's important that your representation of it is easily understood.

Example: In The Great Gatsby , F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the story of Jay Gatsby as a symbol of the social stratification, greed, and indulgence of 1920s America.

Step 8: Briefly Discuss the Important Elements of the Work

After identifying the thesis or central argument, you should provide a brief overview of the work's other elements, ideas, and plot points. For the most part, the information you present throughout this section should bolster the thesis presented previously. Each sentence should serve as a supporting point for the topic sentence. Don't simply list ideas or plot points, but show how they're connected and inform the work as a whole. Of course, there may also be important elements of the work that are not directly tied to the main idea; it's ok to include these if you feel they are vital to understanding the work.

When writing the body, you should consciously and intentionally leave out unnecessary details. They tend to bog down your writing and lose the reader.

Example: The narrator, Nick Carraway, moves to New York's "West Egg," where he reunites with his cousin, Daisy, and her husband, Tom Buchanan. Fitzgerald clearly delineates social lines between West Egg (new money) and East Egg (old money), where Tom and Daisy reside.

Nick attends a lavish party thrown by his neighbor, Jay Gatsby, and learns Jay formerly had a relationship with Daisy. The two reignite their forbidden affair. Tom reveals to Daisy that Gatsby earned his money illegally, through smuggling alcohol, and is actually a man of humble Midwestern origins. Daisy and Gatsby try to run away together, but Daisy accidentally runs over Tom's mistress. Tom, eager to exact revenge, convinces his mistress' husband that Gatsby was to blame in her death, and he murders Gatsby before committing suicide. Few of Gatsby's many friends attend his funeral.

Step 9: Write a Conclusion that Ties It All Together

Much like you introduce the author's major point at the outset of your summary, you should revisit it as you close out your writing. If you presented the author's main idea in the introduction, and then bolstered that main idea by recollecting plot points or important elements from the work, your conclusion should then reiterate how those elements relate to the main idea.

Example: Though Gatsby subscribed to the extravagance of his peers, his efforts to fit into the upper echelon of West and East Egg were negated by his humble origins; always out of place, he was rejected for his social class as much as his perceived crimes.

Step 10: Edit

Before submitting your work, read it in full, and edit out any superfluous and redundant information. It's likely that unnecessary details snuck in as you were writing, and you might find that certain plot points just feel unnecessary within the scope of your finished product.

In addition to editing for content, be sure to edit it closely for grammatical or spelling errors. Even if your summary is well thought out, its expertise is compromised if it's full of errors!

How to Write a Plot Summary

The step-by-step guide to writing an effective summary, outlined above, applies to most summaries. However, each type has its own unique elements outside of those standard requirements.

A plot or book summary, for example, should encapsulate the plot of a short story or novel. When writing one, there are unique strategies to follow.

Dos of Writing a Plot Summary

Note plot points as the book or story unfolds. Especially in longer novels, it can be difficult to keep track of the twists and turns in the storyline. That's why we recommend taking notes as you read.
Use online study guides for inspiration. Websites like SuperSummary provide in-depth summaries free of charge. While this is a good starting point when writing your own, it should only be for inspiration. Don't copy examples online (that's plagiarism!).
Be sure to cover the three main arcs of every story: the exposition, climax, and conclusion. The exposition is the moment when the conflict or driving narrative is introduced. The climax is when that conflict comes to a head, and the narrative reaches its most dramatic moments. The conclusion is when the conflict is resolved or the story comes to an end. You should also include any inciting incidents (the first domino in a plot point).
Connect the dots. Throughout, you should demonstrate an understanding of how events and characters are related, rather than introducing each element as an independent variable. Remember, you should tie each plot point back to the main idea.

Don'ts of Writing a Plot Summary

Don't just regurgitate the storyline. Rather than drone through the story plot point by plot point, you should highlight key moments in the narrative and direct them back to the author's objective.
Avoid repetitive phrases like "then" or "next." A key indication you're just repeating the storyline point by point is utilizing a phrase like "then" or "next." While you should recount the major incidents of the narrative, it shouldn't feel so formulaic.
Don't let it drag on. Books are long, but summarizing a book should still be short. While it depends on the assignment and the work in question, your summary should be 200 to 600 words, max.

Example : In The Great Gatsby , F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the story of Jay Gatsby as a symbol of the social stratification, greed, and indulgence of 1920s America. The narrator, Nick Carraway, moves to New York's "West Egg," where he reunites with his cousin, Daisy, and her husband, Tom Buchanan. Fitzgerald clearly delineates social lines between West Egg (new money) and East Egg (old money), where Tom and Daisy reside.

Nick attends a lavish party thrown by his neighbor, Jay Gatsby, and learns he formerly had a relationship with Daisy. When the two reignite their forbidden affair, disaster ensues. Tom reveals to Daisy that Gatsby earned his money illegally, through smuggling alcohol, and is actually a man of humble Midwestern origins. Daisy and Gatsby try to run away together, but Daisy accidentally runs over Tom's mistress. Tom, eager to exact revenge, convinces his mistress' husband that Gatsby was to blame in her death, and he murders Gatsby before committing suicide. Few of Gatsby's many friends attend his funeral.

Though Gatsby subscribed to the extravagance of his peers, his efforts to fit into the upper echelon of West and East Egg were negated by his humble origins; always out of place, he was rejected for his social class as much as his perceived crimes.

For an in-depth analysis of The Great Gatsby , check out the our study guide (we have an audio guide, too!).

How to Summarize an Article or Essay

The nature of an article or essay is quite different from a novel or short story, and in many ways, your summary should be too. The outline above remains the same, but the details are different.

Here's what you should and shouldn't do when writing your article summary.

Dos of Writing an Article Summary

Skim the original article first. To develop a basic understanding of the article and the writer's objectives, skim the content before reading it closely. Doing so will help you to identify some of the key points and then pay attention to the arguments around them when you read the article in full.
Then read the article closely, marking key passages and ideas. Noting important ideas as you read will help you develop a deeper understanding of the writer's intentions.
Note headings and subheadings, which likely identify important points. In articles and essays, the author often utilizes subheadings to introduce their most important ideas. These subheadings can help guide your own writing.
Keep it short. The rule of brevity applies to article summaries too. In fact, because articles are usually short compared to novels or books, your text should be correlatively brief. And if you're utilizing the work as part of your own essay or argument, just a couple sentences will do.

Don'ts of Writing an Article Summary

Don't ignore the conclusion. When reading a long article or essay, it can be tempting to overlook the conclusion and focus on the body paragraphs of the article. However, the conclusion is often where the author most clearly outlines their findings and why they matter. It can serve as a great foundation for your own writing.
Don't copy anything from the article directly—always paraphrase. If you copy any passages word-for-word from the article, be sure to identify them as quotations and attribute them to the author. Even this should be done sparingly. Instead, you should encapsulate their ideas within your own, abbreviated words.
Don't forget to include proper citations. If you do include a direct quotation from the article, be sure to properly cite them. You can learn how to properly cite quotations in our Academic Citation Resource Guide .

Example Summary of "Gatsby as a Drowned Sailor" : In her essay, "Gatsby as a Drowned Sailor," Margaret Lukens posits that a major, and often overlooked, motif in The Great Gatsby is that of the "drowned sailor." The novel, she points out, is immersed in nautical symbols and themes, particularly in the scenes surrounding Jay Gatsby. For example, Gatsby grew up on the shores of Lake Superior, now owns a house on the Long Island Sound, and supposedly spends much of his time on his boat.

Lukens nods to the nautical imagery throughout Gatsby's lavish party, as well as Nick's interactions with Gatsby. Many of these, she argues, foreshadow Gatsby's death in his pool. Even his funeral is a testament to the motif, with the few attendees soaked to the skin with rain. Lukens presents a thorough case for the overarching nautical motif in The Great Gatsby and her argument that though Gatsby hooked a big one, ultimately it was "the one that got away."

FAQs: How to Write a Book Summary

How do you summarize without plagiarizing .

By its very nature, a summary isn't plagiarizing because it should be written in your own words. However, there are cases where it might be difficult to identify an appropriate synonym, and the phrase remains somewhat close to the original. In this scenario, just be sure to differentiate the rest of the phrase as much as possible. And if you need to include a direct quote from the work, be sure to appropriately cite it.

How to write a summary and a reaction?

In some cases, your teacher may ask you to write a summary and a reaction. Whereas a summary is objective, a reaction is a matter of opinion. So in this case, you should present the actions or ideas of the work, then respond to those actions and ideas with your personal thoughts.

Why write a summary?

A summary is a helpful tool many educators use to test their students' comprehension of a text. However, it is also a useful study tactic because recounting what you read can help you organize and retain information.

ENGL000: Pre-College English

How to Summarize

One of the most important skills for any writer (and any active reader!) is summary. You may be familiar with the concept of summary already; writing effective thesis statements and crafting logical transitions require writers to summarize their ideas. Read this article to learn more about the art of summary. At the end of the article, complete the practice activity to summarize Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's story "The Five Orange Pips", which you read at the end of unit 3.

S ummarizing is a critical study skill and, fortunately, one that is easily learned. A summary condenses an original piece of writing and contains only the most important information. The thesis of the original work should be very clearly indicated, and minor details are not usually included. In this way, a summary focuses on the major points made throughout the original.

A summary is not a critique of a work. Do not include your own ideas, opinions, or criticisms when writing a summary.

The length of a summary will vary depending on the length of the original. If your instructor does not tell you how long your summary should be, try to make it about one-fifth to one-quarter the length of the original work.

Remember that you must put everything in your own words and use your own sentence structure. If you choose to use direct quotations, even if only one or two distinctive words, you must place quotation marks around them. Plagiarism is unacceptable at any time. The proper use of quotation marks and the proper acknowledgment of other people's words and ideas is often difficult to keep in mind, but its importance cannot be overemphasized.

Follow the steps outlined below to write a successful summary:

Read the original carefully . You may find that you must read the piece two, three, or even four times in order to understand it completely and accurately . Try highlighting the main ideas or taking notes as you read. Look up any words or phrases you do not understand from the context. The goal here is to have a clear and accurate understanding of the reading as a whole.
Now write one sentence that states the main idea or thesis of the entire writing. Typically, you can look carefully at the first and last paragraphs of the original to find the thesis.
Next, break the original down into related paragraphs or sections. Sometimes the original will already have subheadings you can use.
Then write a one or two sentence summary for each group of related paragraphs. These sentences should reflect the main idea of each section clearly and accurately.
Create an outline using the sentences you just wrote. First, write down the thesis. Then, list the main idea sentences for each section you identified, keeping them in the original order.
You're now ready to begin writing your summary. Be sure to be reader-friendly. Start with a summary introduction , which includes the name of the article or book, the author , and, if appropriate, the date and name of the journal , magazine , or newspaper in which the article appeared.
Your summary introduction should also include your statement of the overall thesis of the original. Remember, this statement should be in your own words.
After the summary introduction is the body of your summary. Start with the sentences you wrote for each group of related paragraphs. Build upon these sentences to create the summary's body. Focus on the major points of the original.
In your final draft, eliminate repetitions and generally make your summary coherent. Use transitional words or phrases , such as "moreover", "in addition", "next", to create proper flow and to show connections between the ideas of the original. Your final product must read smoothly as well as reflect the information in the original accurately.
Check your summary against the original. Did you cover all of the important points? Did you state the thesis? Did you use your own words?
Lastly, check your summary for grammar, spelling, and punctuation. If you used direct quotations, did you use quotation marks?

Keep in mind this basic goal: Your summary should give the reader a clear and concise understanding of the original without them having to read the original. If the reader needs to look at the original in order to understand your summary , try again.

Practice:

Write a summary of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Five Orange Pips , which you read earlier. Remember to include enough information so the reader can see that you understand the material, and can identify the key plot points while leaving out unnecessary details. When you finish, check your work against the guide to responding .

Submissions

Writing a One-Sentence Summary

Let’s discuss the one-sentence summary , also known as a logline, a hook, or a one-sentence pitch.

What: About 25 words that capture your novel, memoir, or non-fiction book.

Why: To get someone interested in reading your book.

When to use it: The start of a query, book proposal, or anytime someone asks you, “What’s your book about?”

What it does: A one-sentence summary takes your complex book with multiple characters and plotlines and boils it down into a simple statement that can be quickly conveyed and understood, and generates interest in the book.

What it should include: → A character or two → Their choice, conflict, or goal → What’s at stake (may be implied) → Action that will get them to the goal → Setting (if important)

Tips: → Keep it simple. One plotline, 1 or 2 characters. → Use the strongest nouns, verbs and adjectives. → Make the conflict clear but you don’t have to hint at the solution.

In your one-sentence summary, try not to pitch a theme . Pitch what happens . Examples of themes (what not to do):

This book explores forgiveness. This book looks at the thin line between right and wrong. This book explores the meaning of independence, and asks if it’s really possible. Here is Nathan Bransford’s simplified formula for a one-sentence pitch: “When [opening conflict] happens to [character(s)], they must [overcome conflict] to [complete their quest].”

An example:

Harry Potter And The Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling A boy wizard begins training and must battle for his life with the Dark Lord who murdered his parents. (Thanks Randy Ingermanson for this one.)

→ Character=boy wizard → Conflict=battling the Dark Lord → Stakes=his life → Setting=none → Action=wizard training; avoiding the same fate as his parents

What about the one-sentence summary for non-fiction?

Answer the question: what’s your book about? This is the problem, the issue, or the topic of your non-fiction book. And it needs to have a “hook” or something that will immediately capture attention. As an example, I’ve taken a well known book by Brené Brown and constructed a possible one-sentence hook for it:

In my non-fiction book, Daring Greatly, I dispel the cultural myth that vulnerability is weakness, and I show how it is actually our most accurate measure of courage.

There are always numerous ways to express your book in a single sentence, so I recommend you create 10 or 20 different ones, before settling on the best angle and combination of words.

Sharpen those pencils and get to work!

Rachelle Gardner

654 comments.

[…] those following the traditional path to publication, Rachelle Gardner discusses writing a one-sentence summary, Janet Reid zeroes in on how to properly query multiple manuscripts and clarifies an author’s […]

Thank you for reposting this, Rachelle, very timely. I’m writing my proposal now, and getting this part Right continues to be a challenge for me.

I’m stuck between two sentences for my novel. I read that it’s better for the sentences to be no more than 15 words. Here’s what I have: “A young agent, a dangerous bad boy, and a gang back for revenge.” or “Her unique agent abilities are the only hope she has left to saving him – her beloved.” so which do you think?

A well educated, middle aged, single woman gets rid of all of her worldly possessions to find out how her life will be different now that she knows all of who she is.

I need help… 🙁

“An attendant of hell seeks to uncover the dark secrets kept by visitors from the pearly gates by infiltrating heaven itself.”

I just know something’s missing… but what? 🙁 Please help.

First book and first one-sentence summary so any input would be very much appreciated.

50 year old successful family man looks online for some stimulation resulting in impossible battles with sex, drugs and gambling addictions whilst all around him falls apart.

On his 50th birthday, this wealthy and successful family man takes advice from an old friend sending him on a downward spiral of online gambling, drugs and sex addictions.

Advice from a friend on a wealthy family man’s 50th birthday opens him up to a world of online gambling, drugs, sex and murder.

A year after his 50th birthday finds this successful and happy man behind bars with his family asking where is this mysterious friend who brought gambling, drugs and sex addictions into their lives?

Sorry but I couldn’t help putting in a few. One sentence is so hard especially when ideally it should be under 15 words.

Thanks in advance

this is fucking stupid

[…] or two, the conflict or goal, what’s at stake, and the action the characters will take (see Rachelle Gardener’s post on the subject). Nathan Bransford’s template for this: “When [opening conflict] happens to […]

a young girl with the title of “gothic” must finds a way to save her little brother from the dangers of her cruel reality

I need to know what i should do with this.

A passive narcissist travels home to indulge in the glories of life; he leads a path of sex, drugs, rock and roll, and chasing down the “Great White Buffalo”.

[…] how to narrow your concept down to one sentence can be done. While Ms. Gardner over at this blog here gives a slimmed down version about the why’s and how’s with many great examples in the […]

Shattered after her father’s sudden death a small town girl must persuue her higher education to fulfill her fathers dream despite heavy odds (pls advise on this one sentence summary )

I would end it after dream

thanks for your reply ….

i have rephrased it to “Shattered after her father’s sudden death, a small town high school girl is married to a feudal family only to realize that education is the key to empowerment which she achieves with her husband’s support subsequently fulfilling her fathers dream despite heavy odds. “

A fistful of heroes unite against a freshly elected King who turns out to be a tyrant upon discovering a magical item.

The use of the word “freshly” struck me a little odd. For some reason, it made me think of vegetables, but that might just be me as a fruits/veggies lover. (: (: (:

But other than that, try mentioning what the magical item is or what the item can do.

Maybe “newly” would be better?

How are they heroes? And I think you would benefit from saying something like, “[the freshly elected king] becomes a tyrant upon discovering a powerful magic item,” or, “turns into a tyrant upon discovering a magical item.” Either way I personally think you should take out the wording that makes it sound as if he had always been a tyrant (“turns out to be”), when he only became a tyrant once he found some powerful object. 🙂

When a teenage girl with extraordinary powers is captured by an alien species, she must work with her fellow survivors to find out what their captors are hiding, or suffer in unimaginable ways.

A teen determined to train vultures for search and rescue must overcome the limitations of Asperger’s Syndrome and the bully that wants him to fail.

So I am just wondering: do you actually know what it is like to live with Asperger’s?

Which sounds more appealing? “A handful of scarred and bruised rebels band together to fight against a rogue cult leader.”

“A handful of scarred and bruised rebels must band together to fight a manipulative cult leader.”

“A handful of scarred and bruised rebels challenge a manipulative cult leader, risking their status and morals.”

The first one sounds better because being a cult leader already implies that they’re manipulative. Maybe naming the main character and what happens if the rebels fail would strengthen it too. Sounds cool though!

The Last is best, it tells what’s at stake besides the over predicted. 🙂

A young, Elven Shapeshifter with a fear of following his father’s footsteps into madness and the demonic bastard of a noble Human King looking for answers about his dark past, must overcome their obsessions in order to unite the free people of Arc in an attempt to hold back the relentless march of an infinite and deadly, undead army.

After his children are killed by a terrorist’s bomb, Mitch Hansen sets out to deliver justice—only to find that the terrorists are merely pawns in a plot that threatens the entire country, maybe even the world.

I suggest taking out the “maybe.” It makes the hook seem a little unsure of its own plot. It sounds like a very interesting book! 🙂

Requesting an input(or two:).

– A messiah leads a band of ordinary citizens against the progeny of Satan during end times.

I realize it doesn’t include what’s at stake, but considering the universality of the theme, I figured it would speak for itself.

What is the messiah like and what kind of things are they fighting against that satan does? And you may want to actually include what is at stake since saying what is at stake makes the reader want to know how the book turns out. 🙂

A genius with amnesia pieces together his past while adjusting to life as the unscrupulous head of a billion-dollar company; a depressed coffee shop owner struggles to make something more of her life while coming to grips with a maze of disconcerting memories.

Pardon the weird formatting, I don’t know how that happened…

My one-sentence summary:

I left the asylum at 16, determined to forget my bizarre schizophrenic episode—until a divorce and a PTSD diagnosis sent me on a Madness Marathon in search of answers.

The working title of my book is: GOING CRAZY, a true story of horror, hope, and healing. Critical feedback will be greatly appreciated.

Blessings, Elaina

Sounds interesting. I don’t know what a madness marathon is and what happens if the character fails to find the answers? What’s at stake?

Which do you like better? Tony Pizzano’s family unravels; he escapes to Slider’s Golden Island where he’s thrust into rescue operation leadership and realizes he can help save his family. OR Tony Pizzano, here. Lotsa changes lately, starting middle school, really hard family stuff… I’m thinking going through “La Porta” fixes things, only problem, it’s forbidden.

a third grader has a dream in which he must face nine adventurous challenges, fail and be trapped for all time. unknown to him, he is being taught a technique that helps him memorize the times tables in just a few hours. enemies are confronted, friends are made, and a secret is discovered. Technique is real with educators endorsments.

Little miss goody two shoes stumbles into forbidden love and discovers her inner beauty, purpose and power as she faces ridicule in her desperate attempt to live an ordinary life in the shadow of a great legacy.

it sounds awesome!

I agree with Susan, this sounds awesome. I think your hook might be even more effective if you stopped about halfway through, like this: Little Miss Goody Two Shoes stumbles into forbidden love and discovers her inner beauty, power, and purpose. ~I switched the word “power” to come before “purpose” because I think the hook is a little more intriguing when it ends with the idea that she will find her purpose through this experience.

An innocent child, trapped inside a man’s body and a dark world, learns of a hidden path that leads to the greatest discovery of his life.

A young boy discovers that monsters are real and so he enlists his best friends to help save his town from the dangers of Halloween night. One Dark Halloween Night by John Kohlbrenner

that is one cool plot dude

You might want to add a bit of something about what that discovery is, not necessarily saying exactly what it is but giving some kind of idea for the reader to hypothesize about. Right now the reader has no point of reference as to what the child has already discovered in life, so for all we know the path could lead to a lolly pop. Other than that it sounds great!

34 words, a bit longer than suggested but I’m not sure where to cut it down.

“After an explosive rescue at the hands of a planetwide resistance movement, former Guard Emini Turk has no options remaining but to join her rescuers in opposing the crushing grip of the Larque Government.”

When an elf and a dwarf of noble decent fall in love they struggle with their secret while battling the prejudices of their races as well as an ongoing war against a foe that seeks only to destroy their peoples.

Does this sound good?

In an overpopulated world, a teenage girl is one of the first chosen to kill off the unneeded.

Daily Devotional Series called “God’s Promises Personalized”

Summary Sentence: “God’s Promises Personalized” is a one-a-day devotional vehicle making God’s precious Word come alive in a personal and practical way.

Article I wrote: “Talking Turkey” Pitch: “A reporter’s whimsical interview of a turkey teaches him more than he ever thought possible, ending with the greatest news he’s ever heard.”

Any suggestions?

I’m way behind but am willing to give this a try. This is a non-fiction.

This book is about my journey as the parent of an addict whose story has already impacted millions of lives around the world, and how I’ve found treasures on this dark road.

When a church in turmoil turns on their young pastor charged with saving it from ruin, he must journey inward to find forgiveness before bitterness and rage overtakes him.

[…] The next is a website written by agent, Rachelle Gardner. Her post isn’t very long, but it does give a good overview: http://rachellegardner.flywheelsites.com/2012/11/writing-a-one-sentence-summary/ […]

An inspirational story that captures a young mans journey to break the cycle through sports and become the positive figure male figure he lacked in his own life.

Alright, I know I kinda missed the party on this one, but I’m finally catching up on emails.

I’m really bad at this, but here it goes:

When the rift of the Civil War leads to her brother’s death and her father’s madness, a refined southern belle must accompany her father to the front lines to uncover and expose the terrible secret that will set him free from his prison of mad grief.

Hmm it looks like your website ate my first comment (it was extremely long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I submitted and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I too am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to the whole thing. Do you have any recommendations for rookie blog writers? I’d definitely appreciate it.

[…] talk about why you need a one-sentence summary (or, as Rachelle Gardner points out, you may call it a logline, hook or one-sentence […]

Here I sit, all broken hearted, tried to poop, but only farted.

[…] You may want to include a one-sentence summary before the brief description, and agent Rachelle Gardner did a fine post on this. […]

“Here I am; a Defeated, bruise, and battered father, alone in this new town, kids are gone and people are dying because they took them and I will make them all pay.”

Is this a weird way to do a one sentence summary? Please critique.

Here’s mine. Please critique.

When John awakens from a coma with amnesia, he struggles reconnecting with his family only to discover his dark past.

Nice, This will definitely catch any readers attention.

Reunited with her family in the afterlife, Eleanor struggles to understand why she abandoned the daughter she loved. Will the strange and paradoxical memories that haunt her provide the answer?

[…] Writing a One-Sentence Summary […]

Any tips on how to do this for a non-fiction book (that does not have a main character)?

[…] post received 580 comments! See Rachel Gardner on “Writing a One Sentence Summary.” A very good post for anyone who attempts to […]

Fighting for her sanity, a regional federal investigator of paranormal crimes delves into the world of dark magic to find her daughter’s killer.

Amy Sommers is prepared for the multi-faceted challenge of turning around a failing four-star retirement community with its share of mischievous octogenarians yet is she prepared to mend the broken heart of the most challenging member of her staff?

After a broken contract, Sin must travel the dimension to learn why he now owns his lovers’ soul.

Sent too soon on a CIA mission, Dodge must use his God given talents to execute Iranian leaders—then come to term with his abilities.

[…] agent Rachelle Gardner allowed writers to post in the comments section of her blog one-sentence story pitches which […]

After slavers invade Sudas’ camp and take her prisoner, she must find a way to get free from tyrant masters who think she’s the secret to absolute power.

Friar uses his skills as a former elite army scout to solve a murder in the small town to which he is assigned

Sounds kind of bland. Any way to pop it up for that elevator pitch?

[…] an agent’s attention is key for traditional publishing. Rachelle Gardner has the formula for writing a one sentence summary for fiction, while Jane Friedman shows how to write a non-fiction book […]

Not sure if anyone is still posting on this topic, but wanted to try 🙂 I welcome and appreciate any and all comments.

Abbey shared a kiss with a stranger, unaware someone saw and now wants her dead, but with the help of her best friend, maybe she can survive the night.

16 year old Jade Casteel and her friends don’t like rules very much. When a joyride spirals out of control, Jade finds herself in a mental hospital, and no idea how she got there.

When humans have finally destroyed the Earth, Allistaire Crowe Pratt must ensure humanity’s survival by working with the sentient plants that are taking over the landscape.

I don’t know if it says enough! Looking forword to any feedback.

Trying again:

Colin Colbeck sneaks into the deep to rescue his grandmother from murderous, modernizing trolls, and discovers their plans to invade his world.

HINDSIGHT has intertwining stories of two women: A career driven mother and a stay at home mom/daycare provider who are connected by a boy who will change everything.

When Bridget Larkin finds herself traveling alone on a passenger wagon train in 1846, she must find the courage and strength to keep going and reach Oregon.

Would love to know what’s at stake — why does she need to reach Oregon?

Jean, I’m definitely curious about your character’s journey, but I do think you need to include some conflict. What is she up against? who is holding her back?

I posted my monster of a hook several days ago and have since whittled it down within normal parameters. Any feedback is appreciated!

Lured with memories of his father, Eslan Scarian is recruited to an elite school where he enters the lives of others to help in times of need.

Sounds like an interesting book!

I think you could make your hook stronger by making more of a connection between the memories of Eslan’s father and his being recruited to the school. Also, entering the lives of others to help doesn’t feel like conflict. Your earlier statement made it sound like he was being coerced/forced to help. If you could bring that back in and tell a little more clearly what the stakes are, I think that would make your hook more compelling.

For example:

“Lured to an elite school by memories of his missing father, Eslan Scarian finds himself suddenly expected to become the school’s hero or [stakes here].”

Hope this is helpful! 🙂

A Teach For America teacher navigates racial tension, the dilemma of failing students, the pressures of standardized testing, state intervention, changing administrations, his own firing, and transitioning into a new school in Jacksonville, Florida.

Sounds like a good memoir! I would try to include a hint of the internal conflicts that occur in the main character – does he face racism he didn’t know he had? Does she learn something the hard way?

To make room for this, I think you don’t have to list all of the pressures. “… the pressures of standardized testing, state intervention, changing administrations” could be summarized a “beurocracy”.

Maybe: A Teach For America navigates racial tension, the dilemma of failing students, and government beurocracy,only to find himself fired and forced to transition to another school.

Just my $0.02!

Thanks for the feedback! I will play around with it a bit more.

Undercover DEA agent Charlotte Harris must pose as a swim suit model to solve the disappearances surrounding closed Frying Pan Shoals Light Station, as murder, betrayal and ruthless drug dealers force her to fight to stay alive on the unforgiving high seas.

An undercover DEA agent poses as a swimsuit model to solve disappearances at a light station, but must fight to stay alive when she uncovers murder, betrayal and ruthless drug dealers on the high seas.

Thank you P.J. C. that was a big help

As her life crashes down around her, Anita’s spirits are buoyed by a secret admirer whose identity will have her questioning the desires of her heart.

As her “life crashes down around her” <- that's a bit of a cliche. Perhaps some element of the crash would be better?

Anita’s spirits are buoyed by a secret admirer whose identity (passive)

"will have her" <- I'd keep it present tense

After (her divorce, the death of her mother, etc.), a secret admirer buoys Anita's spirits, but their identity leaves her questioning the desire of her heart.

You are really good at this. Thank you for the advice. Here it is again reworked.

When Anita, a shy, quirky, metalhead, housewife, looses favor with her husband, she accepts the advances of a secret admirer who forces her to question her own identity.

Charlotte goes undercover to solve a 30 year old mystery at sea, and finds herself fighting for her life against murder, betrayal and ruthless drug dealers.

“After the Miracle” chronicles two caregivers’ journeys as they explore why they feel blessed, yet depressed.

[…] Gardner, with Books and Such Literary Agency, blogged last week about writing one-sentence summaries of your book. These ultra-short summaries, or “loglines,” are what you use to pitch a story to an editor or […]

Mine is a memoir:

The story of a successful, goal-achieving, Type A TV news producer who finally found something she couldn’t just check off a list – her husband’s disability. Dana finds herself simultaneously on top of the professional journalism world – covering the White House, and caregiving full time for her new quadriplegic husband, secretly wondering if she bit off more than she can chew.

The story of a goal-orientated news producer who finds something she can’t check off a list – her husband’s disability.

While Dana stands on top of the journalism world, she provides full-time care for her quadriplegic husband, but is it more than she can handle?

Kick us to the curb at the street corner of Pregnancy & Fatherhood without a “master” to guide us, and we will without doubt run amok in feverish circles, scratch our “junk” relentlessly, and beeline our way to the nearest liquor store!

This isn’t a pitch sentence. It’s the tagline from your book “Goodbye Hooters.”

A pitch would be more like:

A humorous and informative take on what every expectant dad needs to know before and after he’s been handed a bundle of responsibility.

[…] Writing a One-Sentence Summary Let’s discuss the one-sentence summary, also known as a logline, a hook, or a one-sentence pitch. (It is not a tagline, however.) […]

Thanks, Heather. Will definitely look at this again . . .

Oops! Don’t know how my reply got separated here . . . .

When the enemies of a reincarnated god prevent him from coming into power and reclaiming his throne, Shámin-Wil must travel the universe in search of him.

[…] My post last Friday received the highest number of comments I’ve ever had on a single post (over 500). It was not because it was such a great post. Rather, I think it was because: […]

When the ten foot-high front porch light bulb of her parent’s house inexplicably burns out, Dorothy must overcome her fear of heights and her mother’s lack of incandescence in order to help Ray find his way home.

Sounds like a wonderful idea for a picture book! Not sure about the phrase “The Mother’s lack of incandescence.” It makes me worry that the mother might be the burned out light bulb.

Well I’m just practicing this technique before I post the one detailing my novel 😉

And one of the most helpful summaries for writing these kind of things came from Holly Bodger, a frequenter on Miss Snark’s First Victim blogspot. Here’s how she says to setup a hook. Works for almost ANY book–keeps it simple and concise:

“When (main character) (inciting incident), he (conflict). And if he doesn’t (goal), he will (consequence).”

Fill in the blanks and enjoy!

When a timid entertainment lawyer accidentally kills a teen heart-throb and becomes the most hated man in the world, he has to prove his perseverance to stay alive.

When a timid entertainment lawyer accidentally kills a teen heart-throb (This is good)

and becomes the most hated man in the world (inflated phrase, could be cut or taken down a notch.)

has to prove his perseverance to stay alive. (prove makes me wonder if he’s being put through a test by someone like the Jigsaw Killer.) Is he going to prison or is he out on the streets, by the way? It would have a bearing on the rest.

Without knowing more, here’s a tosser-

When a timid entertainment lawyer accidentally kills a teen heart-throb, he must find a way to evade ten thousand fans who want him dead.

Whoa, I put this one in the wrong place. Sorry! Just trying to make sure everyone is helped. Woops!

I like the very last one you did, PJ–maybe just re-word “who want him dead.” I can’t even think of how to do this right now, however. My mind is shot–trying to write a book by December…

Thanks Heather, I was trying to help someone else out and put my post in the wrong place. 😛

I have occasional fingers faster than brain syndrome.

Independent Aurora has it all: beauty, brains, and a loving family. But she might just throw it all away to unmask the ghost next door.

(This is a book I’d be revising now if anyone were looking for spec fic!)

And OH my word, I need to reword that last sentence. Maybe “But in her escalating obsession with the ghost next door, she might decide to throw it all away.”

Or something like that. Or maybe I’m just spittin’ in the wind, since I’m not really focused on this book right now…

And that’s horrible too! So sorry for plastering this one about…ah, well. Will accept any and all pointers, in case I ever pull this book outta the deep-freeze of my hard drive.

I liked your first version — nice and punchy! Would make me want to read more, to know why the ghost matters so much.

Aurora has it all: beauty, brains and a loving family, but her obsession with the ghost next door could jeopardize everything.

When young Fia stumbles on a royal secret, she is sent away as apprentice to a reclusive mountain jeweler, and straight into adventure; spies, thieves, fabled jewels, and what is the stable boy hiding?

Any thoughts are appreciated, though I do know I’m “late to the party” so to speak. Thanks anyway! Have a good one, Elizabeth

I’m no expert, but first thoughts are 1) I’m not clear why she’s sent away? 2) I want to know more context, i.e. “When young Fia stumbles on a royal secret at Henry VIII’s court” 3) instead of “and straight into” I would use another verb like “she is sent away as apprentice to a reclusive mountain jeweler where she uncovers a spy ring, joins a group of thieves…” etc. etc (you would know context better, obviously 4) I’m not sure it’s a good idea to end with a question – maybe a statement like “most intriguing of all is the secret that the stable boy seems to be hiding would be better…

Wow! Thanks for the reply! I can see what you’re saying…

How about: “When 16 yr old Fia stumbles into the Lorsian princess’s secret tryst, she is diplomatically packed off as apprentice to a reclusive jeweler; more intrigue, thieves, refugees, a burning town and a fabled jewel later, she begins to understand that life is complicated… much like the secretive stable boy.”

Again, it has become too long! Grr. (And yes, that’s a made up country, Fia’s homeland.) Many thanks for the help! Elizabeth

What fantastic critiques! I would love any feedback or advice on my summary…

No foreigner had ever been invited to dance at the Bolshoi Ballet Theater, but when a 15-year old Texan ballerina leaves her home to go study ballet in Moscow, Russia, she is determined to beat culture shock, one of the world’s most difficult languages, a frozen city awash in oligarch money and corruption, and a cast of insane-genius ballet teachers on her way to achieving her dream of becoming the first American woman to dance behind the red velvet curtain.

Hi, Elizabeth!

I like the sound of your book! Very interesting. Here are a couple of things I thought of:

1) Consider cutting the reference to the protagonist leaving her home. It’s understood since she is a Texan in Russia.

2) What did you mean by “insane genius”?

Emily, thanks so much for your helpful feedback! It’s not the first time I’ve had someone comment on the term “insane genius” is it offensive? confusing? I mean to say that the teachers are excellent and smart, but a bit crazy in their pursuit of dancing perfection. Maybe “relentless” or “exacting” would be better…?

What about:

No foreigner had ever been invited to dance at the Bolshoi Ballet Theater, but when a 15-year old Texan ballerina goes to Moscow, Russia to study ballet, she is determined to beat culture shock, one of the world’s most difficult languages, a frozen city awash in oligarch money and corruption, and a cast of exacting ballet teachers on her way to achieving her dream of becoming the first American woman to dance behind the red velvet curtain.

Hello again. 🙂

I think “insane genius” is confusing, not offensive. It made me think “Are these teachers insanely talented, or are they so talented that they’ve literally gone crazy?”

I like the way you describe your story, but if you’re looking to get the word count closer to 25, you might want to only bring out one source of conflict for your protagonist.

Here’s an idea of a possible rewrite. This one is 27 words.

“A teenage, Texan ballerina moves to Moscow, battling exacting Russian ballet instructors for an invitation to become the first foreigner to dance at the Bolshoi Ballet Theater.”

Hope that’s helpful! 🙂

Rosa doesn’t want a baby, especially not one synthesised by the Superiors who are hell-bent on creating a ‘raceless’ race, but when she discovers her child is part Joseph, they flee the regime together and the future she could never have begins with a perilous journey across the Russian wilderness.

I know it’s too long. 🙂

Rosa is kidnapped by the Superiors, obsessed with creating a ‘raceless’ race, and impregnated with a synthesised baby that is half Rosa, impulsive and wilful with a smart-mouth and part Joseph, the boy she loves but never thought she’d see again.

Don’t know how many people are reading this now but here I go!

After witnessing the death of his father, Jacob meets a mysterious girl who claims to be his guardian angel, promising to take him to the kingdoms of the heavens, but never doing so until he finds a book that teaches people the joys of being evil.

I would replace gerunds with verbs to add vigor and immediacy to the writing. “promising” to “who promises”, etc.

Here’s another: Devi, Tara, and Sam, three mischievous little girls, discover a secret world of witches in their haunted town of Summerland, and embark on a magical apprenticeship with disasterous consequences.

I’m actually writing this as a series, targeted to young readers – 9-10 yr olds. Fwiw, I live in Summerland and the town is haunted – its famous for it.

Anyway, your feedback is truly appreciated.

Character = Devi, Tara, Sam Conflict = Discover a secret world of witches…? Stakes = ? Setting = Secret World in Sumemrland Action = Embark on a magical apprenticeship.

Again, what do the girls want, what is preventing them from getting what they want, and what do they have to lose?

Thanks M. They just want to have fun, like girls everywhere. 🙂 they manage to cause a lot of trouble along the way, so how they get out of it is each stoy’s conflict. I can see from your feedback I need a persistent antagonist, beyond the boys. getting found out and accidentally revealing the secret world is the only thing now. “How do we fix this mess before some finds out!”

The Underground: The true story of Laura Lange, a wealthy widow and socialite turned spy and espionage agent when she is forced to quarter four Nazi officers.

Thats 25 words. I have a 50 word version too. All your feedback is much appreciated!

Thank you, Rachelle, for your always useful advice and exercises!

Character = Laura Lange Conflict = turned spy? Or forced to quarter four Nazi officers…? Stakes = ? Setting = Most likely WWII Europe Action = forced to quarter four Nazi officers?

Not sure what is at stake. What does Laura Lange have to lose? What does she want and what is she trying to do? What is preventing her from doing so?

Thanks M. I am assuming people know that the Nazis were in WWII, and that the price of being found out a spy was to be tortured to death, as well as her children, which I didn’t mention in the short version. The conflict is whether to risk your life and your family’s to torture, or try to overthrow an oppressor against all odds.

When a lifetime of running isn’t enough to escape my genetic predispositions, I rely on observational humor to accept the inevitability of becoming another deranged monkey dangling from my family tree.

Is this a book proposal or a confession? 😛

I’m unsure as to the nature of the book, but those are good lines in general.

LOL, a little of both. It’s observation humor, non-fiction, I should have stated that!

I like all the ideas here, and I think you make clear the premise of your book. My suggestion would be to tighten the word count and replace weak verbs such as isn’t, accept, becoming.

I’m glad the premise comes through. Thanks for the suggestions on the wording. 🙂

Michael is pulled from his life of leveling characters when he is bitten by a vampire. When it’s kill-or-be-dead can good guy Michael do what needs to be done?

Why am I incapable of summarizing? Someone help me, please.

Roll for initiative, J. Wahl

This would be stronger if you were more specific than “do what needs to be done.” Explain exactly what needs doing. Killing other vampires? Finding a cure to vampire-ness?

Thirteen-year-old Mary Shirley’s childhood ends the day she leaves her home in Virginia to traverse Daniel Boone’s cleared buffalo trail into Kentucky.

Great start – I’m intrigued. I think it would be stronger if you can hint to WHY she is leaving home to traverse the trail. Since she (obviously) needs to leave home in order to traverse the trail, you could consider cutting that part of the sentence to make room to add other details.

Thirteen-year-old Mary Shirley’s childhood ends when Papa accepts a surveying job and her family traverses Daniel Boone’s cleared buffalo trail into Kentucky.

LOL your first version had me thinking she was trekking alone!

This gives me a better idea of your story, but kids move all the time. I think you need to give the reader an idea why this particular move is traumatic enough to “end her childhood”.

For example, is it the dangers of the traveling, other responsibilities the move brings her, or simply up and leaving her normal life?

You’re almost there!

New angle: Shawnee raids in Kentucky threaten the life of thirteen-year-old Mary Shirley and her family as war with King George III encroaches upon her future.

Thank you for the encouragement 🙂

When a storm traps guests inside an isolated inn, Doctor Albert Finemore must solve the mystery behind an ancient curse to hunt down a murderer.

This is REALLY close to the mark. I assume the murderer is trapped among them? And if Albert doesn’t solve the curse he and others risk death? Clarify this point and I think you’ll have a winner.

Thank you! I can’t quite do it in 25 words, I can in 30:

When a storm traps guests inside an isolated inn, Doctor Albert Finemore must solve the mystery behind an ancient curse in order to track down a killer – if he is to survive.

A former pre-school teacher lands in a psychiatric clinic after being accused of child molestation. Is she a helpless victim or trapped in a sticky web of her own making?

Well, it does make me want to read more to find out what you’re talking about. So it works.

thanks muchly for this feedback, P.J. 🙂

When a 16th century ghost demands help, Kendra JinJu MacGregor must risk her love and her life to prevent murder.

I feel like I need some connection between the ghost and the murder. The 16th century was a long time ago, so it’s hard to imagine what the connection would be.

Also, could you hint to why helping the ghost would put her love on line?

You’re off to a good start though!

Thanks for the comment. Here’s another attempt:

When a 16th century ghost seeks her help, Kendra JinJu MacGragor must time-travel to a Korea on the brink of war, risking her love and her life to prevent murder.

That’s good! Clarifies the points nicely.

Thanks for checking in again; I appreciate the feedback.

[…] saw this on Rachelle Gardner’s blog and thought I would continue with my own ideas on crafting the perfect one sentence summary. […]

An influential psychiatrist sees his lifelong practice linked by the intersecting lives of one of his first patients–a derelict who escapes a mental hospital in 1951–and one of his last patients who is the only survivor of the derelict’s serial attacks.

This sounds interesting. Can you include what the conflict/stakes are? You’ve established the link between the two patients, but not the stake that the doctor faces. Is he trying to save the victim, or perhaps himself? Is he trying to find the missing patient? We need just a little more and you’ll be in good shape.

This sounds like a VERY interesting story, but somehow it’s not worded in a way that draws me in. Maybe “Dr. _____, famed psychiatrist, has to figure out the link b/t ______ (old patient) and _______ (new patient) before someone else winds up dead.”

Sorry I can’t write more–can’t see your original sentence in front of me here. But I really like your concept.

It’s 1964 and neither the turbulent times nor the people in Elizabeth Leigh’s life make a Cinderella ending possible—least of all, a quicksand character like Mark Laughing Hawk.

NIce! Would love a hint about the main source of conflict for the character.

P.J. you are amazing! Thank you! It’s perfect.

Now I have another one because my novel has multiple story lines:

Having escaped slavery and seeking refuge in Mexico, a young negro man is conscripted by the Mexican army to fight against the men who enslaved him.

I know I’m coming in late but I would really appreciate your help. Reading the comments above, I see some great things coming from the advice being given. I started with a longer hook, revised it and now feel like too much is getting lost. Any suggestions are appreciated!

First, the original so you’ll have the basis of the story.

When bullied, young Eslan Scarian decides to leave his troubled, grieving mother by accepting a scholarship to an elite, private school, he discovers the academy used the hope of finding his missing father as a means of getting him to become their hero by entering the Realms of other people’s lives in order to help in their time of need.

Now, the revised version…

When Eslan Scarian leaves his grieving mother to accept a scholarship at an elite school, he must overcome his fears once he discovers the academy expects him to become their hero by entering the Realms of other people’s lives in order to help in their time of need.

Thanks in advance for your help! Rhonda

The fatherless Eslan escapes to the Academy where he’s faced with a daunting challenge. He must enter the Realms and help others in desperate need.

I posted this in a new comment but thought I would reply here to see if you had any suggestions this time around. 🙂

Feel like I am missing the conflict. Had no clue this would be so hard! Thanks for your help

What if you were more specific about how he enters the lives of others (is this dangerous? potentially irreversible?) or what kind of needs they might have. Lots of potential to build tension/curiosity with those elements.

Good luck — sounds like a great story!

That actually sounds too romantic. It is not a romance. The mysterious stanger is really and angel from God who helps her to open up and really live for the first time in her life.

See why it needs help?

I also have a fiction one, but it is way too long and I’m not sure how to convey the heart of the story.

After dreaming of her dead husband nightly, Carrie decides she prefers the dream world to reality. As she plans her suicide a mysterious stranger befriends her and helps her to see that her dream world can be real if only she opens her heart.

that sounds very interesting! I would read further … hooked me

Carrie’s incessant dreams of her late husband leave her longing to be with him in death, but a mysterious stranger helps her open her heart to loftier dream.

Ok, so far it’s been mostly fiction here, but Rachelle did say memoir or non-fiction to, so here’s mine.

Blockbuster Inspiration A devotional that fuses peoples love of movies with insight and inspiration about God.

Ah, sort of like Matt Kinne’s book “Reflections for Movie Lovers”

Five troubled teens confront demonic forces and deal with their problems in different ways; paranormal meets psycho meets budding love.

Five “troubled” <- vague teens confront demonic forces and "deal with" <– could use a more descriptive word "their problems in different ways" <– don't we all? I wouldn't suggest leaving this. It weakens the pitch. "paranormal meets psycho meets budding love." <– That's not showing off your grammar and prose.

What about something like:

When demonic forces threaten their town, five unlikely companions must join forces to defeat them.

Thanks, P.J. How’s this?

When demonic forces descend upon the residents of a rooming house, five outcast teens use both human and supernatural powers to fight back.

When 17-year-old Genna discovers what she is-one chosen by the gods to bear an Immortal Season-she is immersed in the dangerous, glittering realm of the Winter Lands where she must risk her soul to save those she loves from eternal darkness.

I am confused by “bear an Immortal Season.”

Gotcha! Will revise 🙂

You might’ve started something big, given all these responses.

I’d write one, but I’m of the paranoid lot that thinks advertising their story before it’s ready to be published is a sure fire way to get the idea stolen. And I mean seriously paranoid, I don’t even tell family. You cannot add enough seriously’s to this phobia. Or emphasis on the seriousness. Okay, I’ll shut up about that now.

But, just a question. What do you do for the bit when your story encompasses 6-7 books and has more than 2 main characters? One of the characters dilemma gets fixed near the last book, then the side second character gets more of his story told… I’m not making any sense am I? I know it’d be better if I filled you in on the story line, but…

That’s why it’s a good thing, that you do your best to instruct us on how to compose our thoughts better in tiny spaces. (Notice I fail with that…)

Anyway, thank you. I had wondered how to sum up a story, and that example made it clearer than saying “Look at your favourite books. Do that”. Which is literally what one guy wrote.

The main thing to remember is that each book must have their own plot arc (inciting incident to the climax). You can have your character’s BIG resolution where you planned it but in the meantime each novel has to have their own endings that are important in their own right.

So I take it you mean I should find out what plot(of the side arcs as opposed to the main plot)pulls at the reader the strongest and do a 25 word bit about that for the back cover kinda thing.

I had thought of that before, but I wasn’t sure if that’s what these people (who write books on getting published)meant.

Thank you for making it clearer! (^_^)

Here’s mine. Any suggestions to improve it would be appreciated! 🙂

“When a juvenile delinquent and a lonely foster teen meet, the girls’ struggles to control their own lives force them to do the thing that scares them most – seek the past.”

I would like to know more about the book. The sentence is quite vague. I can’t tell whether or not I would want to read it.

Hi, Marilyn. Thanks for the suggestion. This sentence describes my story better, but it’s too long. Any thoughts? 🙂

“When a delinquent and a lonely teen are thrown into new foster homes, the only way the girls can escape their disappointments and fears is to work together to find a way out – but working together is a challenge in itself.”

It’s hard to describe the “way out” without giving too much away …

Pardon me if I’m commenting too much, but I worked on my sentence some more, and here is an improved version.

“When a delinquent and a lonely teen are unhappily thrown into new foster homes, together the girls must relive their worst nightmares for a chance to escape.”

A delinquent and a lonely teen in new foster homes struggle to confront their pasts in hopes of a brighter future.

I would still like to see what their pasts were–molestation, poverty, neglect.

I think “new” could also be replaced by something much clearer, such as “abusive” or “repressive.” It would tell us what the conflict actually is. “New” is not enough for me.

P.S. You can never comment too much when you are working on your writing.

Ran out of reply room … hopefully this will appear in the right place. 🙂

I decided to take out the reference to their new homes. The conflict has more to do with the past than the present; their new foster homes are safe and supportive.

How does this sound?

“Andrea, a lonely foster teen, and Cassandra, a juvenile delinquent, must untangle their neglected and violent – but sometimes beautiful – pasts to gain control of their futures.”

A baby’s arrival usually brings joy, but for Braeden it means only trouble—especially when he tries to return it.

Who is Braeden? Is he the older sibling? Was the baby found on his doorstep? Did he kidnap the child?

It’s catchy, but needs just a few words of detail.

A baby’s arrival usually brings joy, but for (five year old) Braeden it means only trouble—especially when he tries to return it.

This is harder than I thought it would be! Here’s my attempt:

“When a friend reveals the existence of a world called Cora, mage Sita Newbury and her college roommates find they must protect both Earth and Cora from soul-stealing magical terrorists or risk their souls and their secrecy.”

I like it. Perhaps you could drop “find they.”

Also, if they don’t protect Earth and Cora, they risk losing their souls and secrecy? What about “or face the destruction of both.” ? It sounds nobler and is implied.

This was the hardest part of preparing for the ACFW conference in September. I used these verbally for pitches, and got 2 requests, so they worked! I didn’t use them for my proposals, though.

An Israeli mother has one reason to go on living after her husband has been murdered by Palestinian terrorists: to protect her child from suffering the same fate.

Trudie Carlyle forfeits her life in England to follow her husband to the United States, but after a man suffers a fatal heart attack during the flight, she believes that leaving her homeland will lead to a death trap.

All these loglines are awesome! I’ve been thinking about mine all day so here goes:

When the Texas Revolution erupts, an independent minded young woman who divorced her husband, dresses as a man and enlists as a scout in only to encounter her ex-husband who wants her back.

Just a thought on revealing the protagonist’s trouble–

When the Texas Revolution erupts, an newly divorced, strong-willed woman dresses like a man to enlist as a scout in the army, but finds herself torn when she encounters her ex-husband who will do anything to win her back.

So I thanked you but it went to the bottom of the comments instead of right here so here it is again.

P.J. you are amazing! Thank you! It’s perfect.

Perhaps removing the passive:

A young Negro man escapes slavery and flees to Mexico where the army conscripts him to fight against the men who enslaved him.

If your novel has several story lines, you’d want to create an over-arching sentence.

“North and South” (for example) is loaded with characters and story lines, but the tag line reads “Two friends, one northern and one southern, struggle to maintain their friendship as events build towards the American Civil War.”

I like it! Thank you!

I’ve been struggling with creating an overarching logline for some time now. I have three story lines: the woman who dresses as a man joins the rebel cause to prove herself, the slave who escapes from slavery to be free yet gets conscripted and a tejano character who sees the impending breakup of his country and does everything he can to stop it, including turning traitor to his family, friends and neighbors.

The woman knows both men but the men don’t know each other. What do you think?

No room to reply, so I’m doing it here. Yes, the book sounds good. You could build your “elevator pitch” on the woman or an overarching story. I’d streamline to the main character for the pitch.

Thanks. I’ll work on that.

I like this one

Fear has tormented and kept its victims locked in pain; this book will help set them free as it inspires them to find courage for every challenge.

Fear has tormented and kept its victims locked in pain; this book will set people free as it inspires them to find courage for every challenge.

Hey guys! My book seems a little different than most others, but what do you think about the hook line?

I think you need to review the bit about themes vs action. Try following the recommended format and see what you come up with. Good luck!

A cat switches bodies with his mistress’ boyfriend, only to discover the boyfriend is a serial killer/mob enforcer.

And this is a problem for the cat?

You’re kitten us, right?

No, P.J. that logline got the book epublished as Alias Thomas A. Katt.

Too funny. Being a dog person, I think cat’s want to annihilate humans anyway, so I figured becoming a serial killer wouldn’t cause an existential problem. GRIN

I agree P.J. I was a dog person for years and when my wife’s teacup poodle died we decided to try for a cst since any new dog would be constantly compared to the poodle. We rescued Schyler from the pound and he declared my wife the queen and me the manservant in his kingdom. One night while watching Casablanca I wondered if Schyler switched bodies with Humphrey Bogart would the cat retain the film noir persona. Thus was born the book, a blend of fantasy, thriller, mystery, film noir, cozy with a touch of romance and a dollop of horror. Since you like humor, you might find it interesting that I call it “feline noir” Along the way he finds out he can’t dog paddle when thrown into the Mississippi and loses two of his nine lives. Thanks for your comments, I’ve enjoyed them.

When you say “his mistress’,” it just takes my mind to bad places. I don’t think I’d word it that way. Maybe “his owner’s?”

Interesting observation the way words affect people. Mistress is a common term for the title of a woman’s ownership of an animal or as it appears you suggest, it could mean prostitue or white slavery but saying it’s an animal (cat) points to one particular situation describing a relationship between human and animal. I’m sorry it takes your mind to bad places. I really appreciate your thought and will give it due consideration; perhaps I’ll reword it as I don’t want to offend anyone. The logline was good enough to get it epublished by a publishing house. You can sample a chapter on Amazon by going to Alias Thomas A. Katt.

Aha! Soooo, we now know your logline doesn’t need a critique! Just disregard what I said, since your logline obviously already worked. Sorry that my mind tends to think the worst before thinking the best, so “mistress” just didn’t work for me (though I do know what it means in that sense–it just threw me off). Congrats on being published!

Holy frijoles, Rachelle! This is even crazier than the St Patrick’s haiku festival back in March!

Speaking of which, is there going to be a limerick contest for Hanukkah? Think of it! EIGHT DAYS of questionable poetry!

You’re welcome.

An inspiring tale of a young man on a journey in pursuit of truth and God – and the search for significance.

It would be helpful to note this is a travel memoir.

It needs more meat.

An inspiring tale of a man’s journey (through the snake infested jungles of India) in his struggle to discover truth and draw closer to God.

Hey thanks PJ! How bout: An inspiring tale of a man on a dangerous journey around the world in pursuit of truth and God – and the search for significance.

Also, your contributions throughout this post have been excellent and have added real value. So, thank you!

Thanks, Eric, I’m just paying it forward. 🙂

Would this streamline it?

An inspiring tale of a man on a dangerous journey around the world in pursuit of truth, significance and God.

Here is one for my memoir. Should it be in first-person?

A 36-year-old retraces her failed relationships since 16 to find closure and reach happiness with her husband and two sons.

First person would help and a bit more information. How is this trip through memory lane unique and gripping?

Thanks! How about:

At 36, as a wife and mother, I retrace my failed relationships only to discover the love of my life never really loved me at all.

Yeah, it’s better in first. Now to give it some zing. To do that, I’m going to guess, but it might spark an idea for you.

As a 36 year old wife and mother, I struggled in my marriage until I retraced my failed relationships and realized the man for whom I wasted years pining never loved me at all.

Thanks a lot for your help!

Vampire Kellan Donnolly, son of Simon the Apostle,must choose between saving his race from extinction or true love.

Holy! I’d like to see you pull this one off! It’s intriguing, that’s for sure! But you don’t have a clear antagonist – perhaps the conflict could be more specifically defined?

A young widow, while renovating an inherited parlor house for resale, finds herself aiding a brazen ghost in a centuries old murder.

She’s aiding the ghost in committing a murder?

On the day of his promotion, Officer Wesley Emerson’s dream life becomes a nightmare that leads him to question himself and his past choices.

Stacy, this is almost perfect. I just find myself wanting to finish the phrase “his promotion to.” Otherwise, the pitch is an excellent hook.

I think it’s a little vague at the end. The beginning is great!

I would like to see more information. The “nightmare” is vague.

Thank you for the feedback….how about this,

a)On the day of his promotion to Detective, Wesley Emerson’s dream life unravels forcing him to return home and confront the life he didn’t choose.

I would still like to see more detail. Take at the most recent one by Karen W.

I read hers, it was really good. How about…

Officer Wesley Emerson’s dream life shatters forcing him to return home and face his life choices and the woman he once left behind.

The novel, Darby, is named after a small community in the Appalachian Mountains of Western North Carolina. It is a story of humor, danger, suspense, and intrigue with the Appalachian dialect of that era spoken. Darby begins in 1895 when George Walsh, a rocky soil farmer, dram drinker, father, and husband is murdered. Floyd Caldwell, also a farmer found Walsh standing in Elk Creek where he appealed to Caldwell saying, “Floyd I’m stobbed and stobbed bad.” Caldwell rescued him but was later blamed by the Walsh family for his murder. This blame developed into a feud, and a duel in which Floyd Caldwell killed Virgil Walsh, George’s brother. This drew their eighteen year old sons, Andrew Walsh and William Caldwell, into the feud. Andrew was pretty much of a hothead and he took up the feud where Virgil had left off by holding a grudge against the entire Caldwell family. In a bar fight, Andrew killed a man and was sentenced to ten years in prison. While in prison, he killed a fellow inmate and his sentence was increased to life in prison. Even though the inmate he killed admitted to killing his father, Andrew refused to believe him. He continued blaming the Caldwells and threatened to break out of prison and kill them all. Andrew’s sister, Deborah, married William Caldwell. This angered Andrew so much that when his mother visited him in prison and told him about the marriage, he attacked her for allowing Deborah to marry, “one of them murdering Caldwells.” Andrew disowned his mother and sister. During these more than twenty years, William and Deborah attended college where he became a doctor and Deborah became a school teacher. They had two children. Andrew, in a high security prison, feigned insanity and was assigned to an insane asylum from which he broke out and headed for Darby and the Caldwells. This time he was caught before reaching Darby, but not before he murdered three people. Another time he was thought by hospital psychiatrists to be rehabilitated, and was given unsupervised probation. He, again, went after the Caldwells plus his mother and brother. During this probation, he was unsuccessful in several attempts to kill the Caldwells. However, when he tried to kill his brother and mother, he was killed by his mother.

Dude, all I’m sayin’ is, 25 words or less. Not 25 sentences. This is your outline.

First, I sent it as 25 words, but someone wrote and ask for more. What I then sent was my synopsis.

But, since I sent it how did it sound?

Well, I really don’t know anything about your subject, so I don’t know if there’s a market for it.

If you are using “Appalachian dialect of that era”, you would probably do well to include a small dictionary or some such containing words or sayings that non-enthusiasts could flip to. I’ve read a couple of books where the author used terms and such that weren’t well know, or in any dictionary I could find, (including ones on the internet)and it ruined the whole experience since they never thought to clarify.

Just try and make sure you’re not to in your face with Appalachian dialect as that will irritate some people. (It’s one thing to know and love these kinds of things, but it’s another to force it on others.) If you have anybody proof reading your book, make sure to ask them what they thought of that.

But, as I’m not particularly fond of books of that genre, I won’t comment on the plot and content. I just hope that there are many people out there who will enjoy your work.

Sorry if I wasn’t very helpful.

Thanks for the comments. The dialect isn’t hard to read and understand, but is instead rather amusing.

Example: “It would be good ‘nuff for the man who kilt my husband.”

Thanks again. I’ll certainly take you advice. My wife has edited it once with no problems, but it is now in the hands of an editor. I’ll ask him if any of the dialect is confusing.

(If this shows up in the wrong spot, blame it on my browser, it didn’t load the right reply button)

I wouldn’t know if you’d call that “amusing” dialogue, it could be fine so long as it’s used right. But like I said, you don’t want to be ‘in your face’ about it. I understand that you would want to steer clear of anything sounding too modern, but the use of this kind of thing can either make or break a story.

Remember to always ask yourself “Am I using this too much? Is this needed here? When read (out loud or otherwise)does it flow properly, or halt me when I read it?” You might want to ask your wife and editor these questions too. And, if you can, get some other people, that you know you can trust, to read your work and see what they think about the dialogue. (It will definitely help if they know you well enough to not shrink away from saying anything that might offend you.) It will also help if they aren’t into your genre, so that you know that if they say they like it, you have a real winner.

Now, I’m not trying to offend you with my comments, but when it comes to your ‘baby’ you might not always be as objective as you’d like. (Trust me, I know:) I just want to make sure you have all your bases covered.

Hope everything goes well. Shitsureishimashita. Jaa, na.

Thanks. I certainly take your advice.

Colin Colbeck sneaks into the deep to rescue his grandmother and stop a troll war that threatens an epic earthquake.

I don’t think the “threatens an epic earthquake” QUITE works somehow. But this sounds interesting. Maybe re-word a little? And I hate typing these comments b/c I can’t see your original sentence as I do it! Sorry.

Teenager Bree Albina is horrified to discover she is an elf Changeling, but her journey to understand this new identity reveals her vital role in an ancient conflict between good and evil.

MAN! 25 words or less is hard!!

Thanks for looking, guys!

Bree Albina reluctantly accepts her new identity as an elf Changling and faces X in an ancient conflict.

Eight words left to describe X!

Thanks, M.G.

I’ll play with that. 🙂

You’re right, Laura. It is a tremendous challenge. Having said that, I think you did a great job and I would LOVE to read a book about an Elf Changeling. The only think in your pitch that I have a question about is the word “reveals.” Reveals to whom? To Bree? To her world? Here is a revision based on the idea that it’s Bree who discovers her vital role:

Teenager Bree Albina is horrified to discover she is an elf Changeling, but through her journey to understand this new identity, she learns she has a vital role to play in an ancient conflict between good and evil.

THANKS, Christine! I appreciate the encouragement and the revision. You nailed what I was aiming to do.

I hope I can find an agent who’d appreciate a Changeling story. I’ve got a completed manuscript to oblige!!

All the best! Laura

Murder comes to Sudbury Falls, and so does a recently retired nurse, whose tenacious nature tells her that city officials are not only attempting a cover up, but it is up to her, and a handful of friends to uncover the truth, or possibly die trying.

Perhaps a streamline version?

When a retired nurse arrives in Sudbury Falls, she uncovers a ghastly truth–the town’s leaders are covering up a murder.

The rest of the information can be added into the query.

Thrust together as lead characters in their temple’s Purim play, Nathaniel, a single dad, and Samara, a choir director, must learn that their love can only flourish when they reveal their true selves.

When Mr. Oliver goes missing from Charlie’s neighborhood and his family discovers newspaper clippings about different local missing person cases, the precocious twelve year old and her best friend get wrapped up in a deadly game of whodunit.

When Mr. Oliver goes missing from Charlie’s neighborhood, the precocious twelve year old and her best friend get wrapped up in a deadly game of whodunit.

I think this is enough for the logline. Maybe add one intriguing adjective for Mr. Oliver.

Okay, I know I kinda missed the party on this one, but hey, at least I’m finally catching up on emails! I am terrible at this, so here it goes.

After a grizzly bear kills her parents, Polson faces a wilderness of grief navigating the year after their deaths, memories of family, and ultimately the remote Arctic river where they died. Wrestling with her faith in the midst of grief, Polson finds her way to the possibility of hope.

I think the first sentence is all you need…

After a grizzly bear kills her parents, Polson faces a wilderness of grief navigating the year after their deaths, memories of family, and ultimately the remote Arctic river where they died.

Shannon, what about dropping “ultimately”? It’s a weak word. I like the navigation metaphor.

Thank you for the suggestions- dropping weak words and tightening is exactly the inout that is helpful. I appreciate it!

As Elizabeth read the words, “You Are Being Sued”, at the top of the divorce papers,she would have screamed in fear, realizing her known world then crumbled, and she must finally face the truth about God.

This seems like lines from your book as opposed to a pitch statement. OK, we know she is getting a divorce and her world is falling part, but what truth about God and how is it connected?

When Elizabeth’s husband filed for divorce, her world crumbled, but will she turn to God or the half empty bottle of scotch?

It’s probably not about that, but is there something that might fit?

Without knowing more, here’s a tosser-

Your tosser is pretty close, but there’s a backstory which is more of the main story in which our hero makes a pact with his assistant to make a go at living life to the fullest, something he’s never been able to do, then killing themselves if it doesn’t work out.

When Jacob accidentally kills a teen heart-throb, he must find a way to evade revenge-seeking fans while trying to stay alive due to an unconventional pact he makes.

I like the idea. Would this be smoother?

When Jacob accidentally kills a teen heart-throb, he must find a way to evade revenge-seeking fans and the consequences of a lethal pact.

Spot on…thanks!

Ok, I couldn’t resist.

With an approaching genocidal Civil War, Gentyl’s desire to be a Far Rider with her aunt’s elite cavalry unit is more important than ever, but a senile wizard, a demon lord and her mother all have other plans.

I like it! I want to read it! But…you have the demon lord in the same sentence as the mother and the senile wizard, lending it equal strength as an antagonist to the reader. Is that the case? You don’t have a clearly defined antagonist here – is there one in the book?

That’s a good catch. The senile wizard is trying to help her, the wizard lord is trying to kill her and her mother is trying to send her to a healing school to be protected. I need to hone the antagonist better.

Thanks so much.

oh of course that should be demon lord.

When airline pilot John Nash falls for aspiring psychologist Joy Hill, nothing can get between them, except 1,800 miles and his marriage to somebody else.

Paul, this is so catchy that I’d love to see it perfected. Something is just slightly off (besides the unneeded comma after “between them”) about the word “except.” What about “other than”? I don’t know if it’s rhythm of what, but “except” seems to me to break the flow just as it’s getting to the good part! (Minor thought – “airline pilot” is almost redundant. “Transamerica pilot” or whatever the airline is? I like the two-word rhythm.)

MK~That is fantastic advice. Thanks for looking at it! Hopefully it’ll help down the road. 😉

I would read this book!

My apologies to everyone. I have very recently decided that I am tired of playing around with kid gloves and going after a few things full force instead of with quiet patience.

I read Rachel’s blog and had to post something and I have gotten some good feedback.

But I am not interacting with the rest of you, only taking the time to read the posts and comments which I deem relevant to me, in this moment, although a part of me knows that everything here is relevant. Too bad.

I am working on another project and am only returning when I get a message relaying a comment.

Today it’s all about me; me, me, me, me, and still more me.

Wishing great things for everyone here, but I “gots to go.”

Got in kind of late with this post. We’re talking ballpark here via Rachelle’s statement (“about 25 words”), so here goes:

Edgy Atlanta Homicide Sergeant Malcolm Hobbs and his revered Detectives known as, ‘The X-Men’, must find a kidnapped victim who might prevent a mafia war between the Organizatsiya and La Cosa Nostra and a sleeper cell of al-Qaeda and Hamas terrorists from exploding a WMD?

Dorianna, Bonded to the most powerful dragon in Magid, discovers his plot to kill her and Bond with her unborn child.

Dorianna, Bonded to the most powerful dragon in Magid, not only discovers his plot to kill her and Bond with her unborn child, but that she is also Bonded to a woman from an alternate plane of reality who is prophesied to save her.

I’m going to cheat and do two sentences:

When Emma becomes haunted by a pull that calls her to the forest, she fights to maintain control as the pull tries to overtake and deprive her of her family.

Hmm..I like it. I’ll probably change it later, but this is a good base 🙂

I might recast it a bit:

Pulled by a mysterious force that calls her to the forest, Emma must fight it as it tries to overtake and deprive her of her family.

Though the “pull” or force is vague — what is it? Can it be made more specific? How does she/can she fight it?

I’ve had the hardest time trying to describe the pull without going into to much detail. Thank you though, I’ll work on it.

The “pull” bit is a bit confusing.

Perhaps “Emma must (do some action) to overcome a growing desire to enter the (whatever) forest and deprive her of her family…and perhaps her life” Whatever would fit there.

Thank you for your opinion. I’ve been trying to find a way to describe the pull without going into to too much detail, but obviously little to no detail isn’t doing the trick.

A teen werewolf who can’t stand the sight of blood seeks revenge on the vampire who killed his best friend, and must survive long enough to take his girlfriend out on their first, actual date.

Hmmm…”take out” could have sinister connotations here – do you mean “kill”? or just “take out”? Either way you should probably reword it….

Yeek! Good point, Lisa. How about a minor tweak then, to remove the word “out”:

A teen werewolf who can’t stand the sight of blood seeks revenge on the vampire who killed his best friend, and must survive long enough to take his girlfriend on their first, actual date.

That is better – also wondering about the “must”. I take it you are trying for humour here? Is the novel a comedic one? I like the “werewolf afraid of blood” concept!

Yes, I wanted to get some of the humour/offbeat tone of the novel in the logline. I realize it’s ridiculous to equate a grim revenge with going on a first date, but that’s part of the interwoven conflict of the novel. I’m not sure it’s working in the logline, though.

How about this:

A teen werewolf who can’t stand the sight of blood seeks revenge on the vampire who killed his best friend, and totally has to survive long enough to take his girlfriend on their first, actual date.

I like this, but as others have said “take out” could be very negative. It has kind of a quirky, Buffy The Vampire Slayer to me, which is a good thing.

How about this?

A teen werewolf who can’t stand the sight of blood seeks revenge on the vampire who killed his best friend, but will he survive long enough to go on his first date?

Hmmm… I like that. Thanks!

🙂 That is high praise! One of the things I like about Buffy is the way the show balances genuine horror with laugh-out-loud humour, a balance I am definitely going for in the novel. Thank you very much.

Crafting these is a fun challenge, and very useful when one needs to boil down a work’s “aboutness” for purposes of querying, etc.

The book I wrote most recently: “After an alien gives Earth the technology to voyage to the stars, an expedition is sent to visit his planet–only to discover that it is empty.”

(Yes, this cuts out a major story arc/thematic element about memory. Ideally I’d want to work that in somehow, but this is the core of the plot. I could probably do it with a second sentence easily, such as “But a woman engineered with his biological memory starts to hear voices trying to guide them, and must contend with the crew’s growing skepticism and despair in order to finish their mission and get them all home.” Hard to fit it all into one sentence that would work as a brief hook, though.)

The book I’m revising now: “A secretive nun who may hold the cure for a world-wide plague hires a skeptical mercenary to escort her through the demon-infested, future ice age mountains of Cambodia.”

An American couple’s troubled marriage is further strained when their family becomes embroiled in a 1980s CIA extraction operation while they tour China.

Like this one, but perhaps something like…. “…when during their vacation to China they are embroiled in a CIA extraction operation”? Not sure if you need the year, either.

When young Jacqueline witnesses her stepfather murder her brother, she looks for someone to believe her, and all he wants to do is silence her permanently.

One line summary for “The Sacrificial Lamb.”

Will Sarah Monroe, freed after twenty years of her husband’s abuse, allow a Navajo widower to love her back from her darkest nightmares or will her secrets push her to destroy not only the man she loves, but her own life as well?

I’ve got a better version somewhere, but whatever. (I’m editing and am going insane!) Go for it Jim! And Christine. And Andrew. And Cherry. And whoever else wants a go at it. Where the heck is TOSK? And Pote?

I leave town and look what happens!

I like it. I might change it a bit for flow-

After her escape from twenty years of spousal abuse, will Sarah Monroe allow a Navajo widower’s love to bring her out of her nightmares or will she cling to her secrets until they destroy both her and the man she loves?

Not bad, Casselman, not bad. I might just use this.

It would appear that you have an almost bionic ability at crafting these things.

Beth K. Vogt taught me how to craft these. If I help anyone on here, they can thank her.

Well that and our bantering back and forth as we were trying to figure them out. 🙂

Does Beth like Canadian chocolate? Cuz I need some formatting done…

P.J., I like your tagline suggestion, but let me condense it a bit more:

Escaping years of spousal abuse, will Sarah Monroe allow a Navajo widower’s love to heal her heart or will her hidden secrets destroy them both?

Thanks Julie!

This is very good and concise. And you know this sounds like a book I’d like to read, Jennifer…

And oops, I was referring to Julie’s sum-up sentence on your book! It’s very concise and active.

AAAND I just said “concise” concisely TWO times in the last two comments. Can you tell I’m procrastinating on what I’m SUPPOSED to be writing?

I think you’ve nailed it, P.J. 🙂

Thanks for the invitation, Jennifer, but P.J. and Julie have done such an excellent job, there is nothing I can do to improve upon their revisions.

BTW, neither you nor PJ commented on mine. Is it a case of “if you haven’t got anything nice to say…?” 🙁

And 2nd BTW, where IS Beth?

Y’all are writing a lot of books I’d like to read. Best of all, the community here has tweaked good pitches into great ones!

Here’s mine:

A missionary doctor on a forced sabbatical delivers a widow’s baby and begins a relationship that threatens everything he believes is God’s will for his life.

Okay, I want to read this NOW.

Your tagline is already so concise and intriguing, I can’t imagine what to add to make it better!

Thanks, Jennifer and Julie!

Originally I focused on the widow’s conflict but couldn’t boil it down to one sentence.

So for others who are stuck, try looking at another character’s conflict for a hook.

Sorry, I can’t help here. It looks perfect to me.

These books all sound intriguing! Here’s my attempt:

Thomas McCadden’s mixed up life gets worse when he accidentally Travels through a Thin Place to Britain in 643 AD where he discovers he is a wilding Fey and the key to another Traveller’s plot to disrupt history.

Not sure i have nailed it but it’s a start…

How about…

When Thomas McCadden slips through a “Thin Place” and ends up in 643 AD Britain, he discovers another time traveler’s evil plot to disrupt history.

This is my kind of story! I love time travel books!

I don’t know how “evil” the plot is, but “plot” sounds nefarious!

Thanks – that is great! And of course the plot is “evil”!!! 🙂

I might add what he has to do:

When Thomas McCadden slips through a “Thin Place” and ends up in 643 AD Britain, he discovers another time traveler’s evil plot to disrupt history — which only Thomas can stop.

Intriguing. Take out the extra words and explain why it means something to McCadden. Perhaps: When Thomas McCadden slips through a Thin Place into 643 AD Britain, he alone can stop another Traveler’s plot to disrupt the future, and thus his own existence. (Question – McCadden is a Scottish name, but Scotland was a separate kingdom back then. Does that play into it vis-a-vis the other Traveler? Maybe it’s just me, but Mc/Mac and ancient Britain call up the idea of complex feudal issues.)

I would love to read your book!

David – I love it! Getting better and better all the time! Question, though – the pitch has lost an important element, the fact that Thomas discovers he is a wilding Fey. Should this still be part of it? It’s a big part of the novel.

MK – yes, Thomas’ heritage definitely comes into it! And you are right – the fact that his own (future) existence is threatened is part of the driving force for Thomas to fight against the antagonist but it’s bigger than that – what the antagonist is trying to do back then would have huge implications for our “now” so Thomas has to stop him.

Christine – thanks! Good to hear someone would be interested in it!

These are fun, aren’t they?

I think ideally you would want to work in the fey and the heritage aspects of it, without adding too many words — is there a way to take out the “Thin Place” reference (which I did not realize at first was tied to the fey/fairy realm), and instead add something about Thomas’s heritage/feyness that drags him back to the time story is set? So it reads as integral to the story (which I gather it is)?

Emma Johnson just came back from a summer vacation with her family. But when a tragic accident occurs leaving her parents in a coma and her brother half paralyzed, she feels there’s no use living any longer. And when she finds out the new stable hand at her uncle’s ranch is the new stable hand, she struggles with forgiveness.

Don’t need your first sentence. You could take out the “her” in the second sentence and insert your character’s name. And there is confusion here – the last sentence doesn’t make sense. I assume the “new stable hand” is the one that caused the accident?

Oh!! I meant to mention that the new stable hand was the guy who caused the accident..yeah… 😛 Thanks! 🙂

I need a little more information here, but here’s an attempt to rework your tagline:

When a tragic accident leaves her parents in a coma and her brother paralyzed, Emma Johnson stays at her uncle’s ranch in … But in a life no longer worth living, will she learn to live again…and forgive?

Jenna, I had too many words in my last suggestion, so here’s another attempt:

When a tragic accident leaves her parents in a coma and her brother paralyzed, Emma Johnson must learn to find a reason to live…and forgive.

Okay! Thanks! 😀 I will work on this!

An elopement, an annulled marriage, a single pregnant girl in 1890s California. Can Victoria hide her pregnancy and find a husband before it’s too late?

I like where this is heading. An agent would want to see it in a sentence.

When Victoria’s elopement is annulled in 1890’s California, can she hide her pregnancy and find a husband before it’s too late?

Oh, thanks! I really need to keep it to only one sentence? I didn’t realize that.

[…] where the one-sentence summary, or logline, comes in. Rachelle Gardner’s (@RachelleGardner) Writing a One-Sentence Summary provides an excellent—though not one sentence long—guide for how to construct it (courtesy of […]

Christina and Jude thought they were inseparable when deceit and betrayal had shattered what could not be broken,leading Jude onto a thirty year journey searching for his true love in a quest to mend the love that was torned from them…

I know needs trimming and mispelled…”torn”

here I go again… misspelled 😉

Hi, R.P.M.G.

Good job, but here is a suggestion to help clean up the grammar issues:

Christina and Jude thought they were inseparable, but deceit and betrayal shattered a love they thought could not be broken, propelling Jude into a thirty year quest to find Christina again and mend the love that had been torn from them…

Thank you Christine! I love the revision – Randy

You’re welcome, R.P.M.G.

Glad I could help. 🙂

I’m amazed at the outpouring of creativity and support here today! Excellent job, everyone! I decided to throw in mine as well-been tough to think of a oneliner, so I appreciate this exercise! Here goes:

Twenty-five year old Jessica Hartley goes undercover with a handsome local cop to save her hospitalized best friend from a maniacal co-worker…and discovers love along the way.

It’s a good pitch. I just have one minor suggestion:

Twenty-five year old Jessica Hartley goes undercover with a handsome local cop to save her hospitalized best friend from a maniacal co-worker and is surprised to discover love along the way.

Thanks, Kristine! Great modification.

You’ve been busy today 😉

“A devious CEO in Seattle embezzles millions from investors only to squander it on the ultimate lifestyle.”

This is more of a newspaper headline. What’s at stake here? Does the embezzler have an existential crisis? Who’s the protagonist? Does the man get caught? Do his victims come to him as ghosts on Christmas?

P.J. – Thanks for your reply!

Rachelle mentioned to make the conflict clear, but that we don’t have to hint at the solution. I didn’t want to tell the whole story.

The CEO is the antagonist, but I could easily revise this to include the protagonist, who is a young stock broker:

“A young stock broker uncovers a CEO’s devious plan to bilk millions of dollars from thousands of investors. Once they learn that their money was wasted on the his lavish lifestyle, they seek harsh retribution.”

Without typo:

“A young stock broker uncovers a CEO’s devious plan to bilk millions of dollars from thousands of investors. Once they learn that their money was wasted on his lavish lifestyle, they seek harsh retribution.”

The protagonist is the POV from which to work. Is it his CEO by the way?

OK, let’s say his name is John Smith.

When John Smith discovers the CEO of his company is bilking millions of dollars from investors,

OK, now his personal crisis. What is a stake for John Smith?

he must choose between destroying his career or keeping his integrity.

Maybe that’s not the conflict, but put the pressure on the protagonist. Ask what’s at stake for him and those he cares about.

We ran out of reply room – here is your last reply:

The protagonist is the POV from which to work. Is it his CEO by the way?OK, let’s say his name is John Smith. When John Smith discovers the CEO of his company is bilking millions of dollars from investors,OK, now his personal crisis. What is a stake for John Smith?he must choose between destroying his career or keeping his integrity.Maybe that’s not the conflict, but put the pressure on the protagonist. Ask what’s at stake for him and those he cares about.

Working from the POV of the protagonist is a better approach – thanks. The CEO (Keith Larus) is not his boss. The young stock broker (Trent Willams) is selling stock on behalf of the company and discovers the fraudulent activity. Trent now has to find a way to expose Keith, resolve the embezzlement issue from his clients (investors) and obtain retribution against Keith. This story is actually based on true events where the CEO ended up getting a 20 year sentence. Wouldn’t that be letting the cat out of the bag to put that in the summary sentence?

“Trent Williams, a young stock broker, uncovers a devious plan that Keith Larus, a megalomaniac CEO, concocted to bilk millions of dollars from unknowing investors – only to squander it on his lavish lifestyle. Trent has to find justice before his client’s, friend’s and family’s money is lost forever.”

It’s a bit wordy, but it does describe more of what is really happening in the story.

Yeah, that’s much better. It gives us a sense of what’s happening and gives a sense of urgency to the Trent. What do you think of cutting some detail in the sentence and building around that later in the synopsis?

When stock broker Trent Williams uncovers a CEO’s plot to bilk millions from his family, he must beat the CEO at his own game or his family loses everything.

You can build more detail in the overall query. The idea is, what can you say on an elevator between floors one and three to a person who asks, “What’s your book about?”

Awesome – thanks!

Steve Austin, a man barely alive and harbouring a love of slow motion just wants to see if PJ notices this, he’ll be back later with the real deal.

LOL, Jennifer! 😀

When bionic scientists transform astronaut Steve Austin into a half man- half machine, will he choose his former love, Jamie, or fall to the flirtations of a lawnmower that him to cut all ties with humanity?

“that beckons him to cut” <–woops 🙂

AHahahaha!! I had to read that twice!!! VERY funny!

When Robert retires, he decides to become an artist but his old-fashioned paintings appall his young artsy wife, and that is only the beginning of Robert’s troubles…

Rex discovers his destiny when unimaginable events send him on a collision course with love, otherworldly forces and dark revelations about ancient mysteries that threaten his very existence.

When Mary, a widow, finds a wounded Revolutionary War soldier on her doorstep as the winter snows trap her on her farm, she must learn to compromise and forgive before she learns to love.

Thirty-four words, it needs trimming…suggestions?

First, Ann, I love the concept. I’m assuming this is a romance, yes? If so, focus on the relationship. “As snow traps Mary on her farm for the winter, the wounded Revolutionary War soldier she finds on her doorstep teaches her about compromise, forgiveness and finally, love.” It’s still over by three words, but hopefully this helped.

Wow! That’s great! Thanks so much.

You’re welcome, Ann. I’m looking forward to reading your novel. I love historical fiction.

“When his stepsister gets kidnapped by Witchkin planning a deadly ritual, a young man joins a group of hunters to find them.”

Westlin Beck, daughter of the increasingly detached local pastor, and new-to-town Silas Hart must orchestrate a summer rescue of Silas’s mysterious twin sister Laurel, who believes she is living in a dream.

This was way harder than I thought it would be. I need help, friends!!! Suggestions? (The story is about West learning to navigate her father’s detachment from her family and Laurel’s detachment from reality, all while questioning her faith and falling in love.)

First, to cut down on words, don’t mention characters by name. Give a brief description of them. (The only exception is if a character is famous, like Albert Einstein or Elizabeth I). This is also important because people listening to/reading your logline will have to keep track of which character is which if you give names. By taking out names, not only do you cut down your word count

For example, if Tolkien had to write a logline for “The Lord of the Rings,” he wouldn’t write “When he discovers the ring left to him belongs to the Dark Lord Sauron, Frodo Baggins, a hobbit, must take it to Mount Doom to destroy it.” He’d write. “When he discovers the ring left to him belongs to the Dark Lord, a hobbit must take it to Mount Doom to destroy it.” Okay, it’s not the best. But it gets the point across.

Sorry, I forgot to finish a sentence.

By taking out names, not only do you cut down your word count, but you also make it easier for readers/listeners to get an idea of who the characters are.

The teenaged daughter of the increasingly detached local pastor teams up with the gorgeous new guy in town to rescue his mysterious twin sister, who believes she is living in a dream.

Grrr, there are still so many characters in this! Confusing? I’m not sure how to cut any of them out, since they are ALL essential to the story.

Not terribly confusing, but why not cut down on adjectives? I don’t think audiences need to know that the new guy is gorgeous or that the pastor is getting “increasingly detached” (maybe detached, but not increasingly). Is it essential that readers know that the pastor is detached? For that matter, what about the twin sister? Is her belief that she’s living in a dream important to the plot?

Forget subplots, just focus on the main plot for your logline.

Yes, the plot is that West is learning how to deal with Laurel’s disorder and her dad’s detachment.

Jackie, who is your protagonist? I’m assuming it’s the Westlin, but you say all of the characters are essential. If the teenage daughter is the protagonist, focus on her main conflict. Is it to help Laurel return to reality? Is it to win the love of the “gorgeous new guy” or is it her faith crisis. Your main character and her main conflict are the heart of your novel, so make them the heart of your pitch.

Hi Jackie, there are a few questions on this one. Why is Silas new to town and is the twin sister new to him as well? Also, are we talking depersonalization disorder, autism or does she just daydream? They are rescuing her over the summer- so it’s a process? I’d take a stab at it, but I keep locking up on details and erase. That information would help.

Yes, West is the protagonist, and it’s about how she meets these mysterious twins one summer, one of whom (Laurel) has a dissociative disorder (solipsism syndrome), where she doubts reality is real. The story is about West and how she handles her summer with the twins, grieving for and frustrated with one, falling in love with the other, and all while her “perfect” family life is falling apart.

Sigh. Who knew it would be harder to write one sentence than a whole manuscript??

When West encounters the mysterious Hart twins the summer before her senior year, she must learn to question love, family, and the nature of reality itself.

When twins, Silas and Laurel, move next door to high school senior Westlin Beck, Laurel’s mental illness complicates Westlin’s blossoming romance with Silas, forcing Westlin to rethink her preconceptions of family, love and reality.

I don’t know. Does that ring any better? It’s a tough one, but it sounds like a good story.

When her new boyfriend’s mentally ill sister complicates Westlin Beck’s life, she must discover how to connect with the girl or risk losing her newfound love.

Thanks PJ! That gives me a good start!!! Appreciate you!

When Tarya’s family is killed by agents of Lord Falton, she vows to avenge their deaths and for that she must turn herself into a weapon.

Really good, Blair. Here’s my suggestion to make it a little tighter:

“When Tarya’s family is killed by agents of Lord Falton, she must turn herself into a weapon to avenge the deaths of her family.”

When Tarya’s family is killed by agents of Lord Falton, she must mold herself into a weapon to avenge their deaths, becoming the very thing she seeks to overcome.

It’s sloppy (“seeks to overcome”, “thing”), but you might try it as a concept to build on. Why is it important to Tarya? Not that family isn’t important, but the intriguing become-a-weapon concept suggests there is more at stake. And look for strong words (despite my rushed and weak clause!) – mold instead of turn into, for example.

When Nicole battles Russian terrorists to avenge the murder of her husband, she must find her own identity while seeking justice for crimes she didn’t commit.

I’d really love to see some non-fiction pitches here! I’m still working on mine…but surely I’m not the only one? The fiction stuff on here though – wow. Can’t wait to see some of these in print!

Adelle, there was one other non-fiction pitch earlier today. I’d love to see yours. 🙂

We’ll never measure up to the Pinterest-perfect life, but when we allow ourselves, we can find freedom in our flaws and see that really, our broken places are how the Light shines through.

I really like this, Adelle (the wording and the concept). I would suggest just a minor change:

We’ll never measure up to the Pineterest-perfect life, but if we allow ourselves to, we can find freedom in our flaws and discover that our broken places are where the Light shines through.

Thanks! Great suggestion.

When freed from captivity, Rhian, the Keeper of the Dead, enters a world she doesn’t remember to kill the King but an abundance of unveiled secrets threatens to change everything.

This is really interesting. I think a tweak in the first part would help (I’m assuming it was the king who held her in captivity; otherwise, you need to explain why she wants to kill the king).

When freed from captivity, Rhian, the keeper of the dead, enters a world she doesn’t remember to kill the king who enslaved her, but (….)

The last part isn’t as strong. Change everything how? What sorts of unveiled secrets? These are complete shots in dark, but hopefully will give you some ideas:

… but discovers he’s the key to keeping her freedom.

… the king she thought enslaved her, but discovers he was wrongly accused.

… but discovers his death will unravel the world.

Sounds like a great concept, and I can’t wait to see it on the shelves!

If she’s the keeper of the dead, does she enter the world of the living? And is it utterly alien to her? If so, I’d bring that idea forward.

When his village is overrun by Saxon barbarians, a young man must overcome his addiction to hallucinogenic herbs and rescue his childhood love.

Saxons?? Yesss!!

I liked this one but I wonder a bit about the “addiction to hallucenogenic herbs”. If you are writing a strict historical, these words seem too modern to the concept of the story. Also your protagonist’s name would help.

How Deep Lies the Shadow When Sean Glynn gets a phone call from his dead father, he must unravel the schemes of the Neverborn to stop them from releasing an ancient darkness.

Sounds great, Marcus!

This is kind of long and I threw it together kind of quick – forget the “kind of.” I had pitched the hell out of “Special” last year and have reworked some things, including several different approaches to the pitch and synopsis. I seem to hook everyone but agents. I couldn’t pass on this “hands-on” opportunity for feedback.

Accustomed to arranging life to suit himself, psychopathic Jack Coal makes the biggest mistake of his life when he abducts a young mother and her daughter, imprisoning them in the underground tunnels near Burlington Wisconsin, and gets to experience the caustic results of his own Karma as he is hunted and tracked by the woman’s most recent, unknown admirer, enlisting the aid of a black Chow possessing a myriad of intuitive abilities.

R.A., you’re trying to pack too much into the pitch. While I love details, yours need trimmed back a bit. For example, although the black Chow is an interesting detail, it’s not necessary in the pitch unless the unknown admirer is the protagonist. From the way you wrote the pitch, it seemed to me that you were telling Jack Coal’s story. If I have misinterpreted that, you might want to consider re-writing your pitch so that the focus of the sentence is on the protagonist (and his dog).

If Jack Coal is the protagonist, here is a possible revised pitch:

“When psychopath Jack Coal imprisons a young mother and her daughter in underground tunnels, Karma finally catches up with him and the hunter becomes the hunted.”

I knew it needed to be cut and I am glad I left it long. Your comments about the protagonist hits the nail on the head, as far as my complications with the pitch. I had uncertainties about the protagonist, and treated the issue as having several, with one taking more priority over the rest, just as I also have several p.o.v.’s, depending on the action in a particular scene. While I thought at first the main protagonist was the woman, I came to realize that it is the two men only who share the protagonist role, with the others building up steam for protagonist roles in possibly future stories.

I tend to pack too much in everything I write, and while I work hard to cut, chop and simplify, I do not wish to totally discard what I have come to see as using one of my weaknesses or faults as a tool in establishing my uniqueness as a writer. Granted, I am not entirely unique in my wordiness and longevity, but most people just do not try to transform their defects into assets, because it is too much work – and risky, as their are an infinitive number of people out their saying, “naughty, naughty, naughty.”

Thanks; I do not take anything lightly.

You’re welcome, R.A. and I understand what you mean. One of my WIPs is a complex psychological mystery with two main characters. It’s difficult boiling it down to one sentence.

Yes, and with mine, I knew it was complicated, that’s why I’ve concentrated on other projects while I sort out the best approach to a new query.

Your comments helped me to see that I just need to stick with what I know, regardless of whether it is the way it’s usually done; I have two equal protagonists. It is still a great story.

At one point I had thought about dividing the manuscript and making it two separate tales, but the two men’s stories are too dependent on each other as they unfold.

A scarier but more real bottom line to this is that I have two different voices, telling two different tales, with the resulting conflict within myself.

I began to see this when I worked on my first query letter and shared it with some friends, but it was more along the lines of the old me and the new me.

Now I am seeing that it is just me.

Thank God it is fiction, right? … Right? (just kidding)

I know this is why I keep returning to SK’s “On Writing,” and his admonishment to “tell the truth,” and “get on with the story.”

I’m glad that I could help R.A. Based on what you’ve written here, it sounds like writing two separated stories would be a mistake. I like the idea of setting up two equal and worthy adversaries. It may just take perseverance and timing to get the right agent and / or editor for your manuscript. Blessings!

Gah! One word over and I can’t figure out what to cut–

The Clockwork Sorcerer’s missing his heart and Wendy fights to finish the story her daughter started before the land of Velanon unravels into the Story Beneath.

Martha, I’m not sure being one word over will matter that much. Having a pitch that is concise and effective is more important.

I am intrigued by your pitch but I don’t really understand enough about your story to help you with the rewrite. The only thing I can do is give this feedback. “The Clockwork Sorcerer’s heart is missing and…” I expect someone to be working on that. I assume that that is what Wendy is doing by trying to finish the story, but the sentence really doesn’t draw a clear cause and effect relationship. I don’t know that we need to know yet that her daughter started the story, so if I am interpreting your pitch correctly and the conflict is that Wendy must find his heart and finish the story before Velanon unravels, then toss the daughter overboard and focus on Wendy. For example, “The Clockwork Wizard’s heart is missing, and Wendy must find it to finish the story before the Land of Velanon sinks into the Story Beneath.” I love the verb “unravels” but I can’t picture how something can unravel into something else.

Thanks for the feedback! 🙂

I was trying to chop down a much longer ‘story blurb’ and was tripping over what to leave out. It’s an important plot point that it’s not Wendy’s story (or world), but I think you’re right that it can be left out.

I used unraveling because I use the metaphor that the stories her daughter and late-husband tell are just fabric overlaid on the Story Beneath; they mask the underlying archetypes, but don’t truly change them.

Hmm… *plays Tetris with the sentence*

The Clockwork Sorcerer is missing his heart and Wendy must help finish his story before the land of Velanon unravels into the Story Beneath.

Amusingly I could also use:

With the help of a unicorn with no horn and The Cat That Walks Alone, Wendy sets out to vanquish an evil sorcerer menacing Velanon.

Martha, I like both of your revised pitches. I’m not sure which one I like better. Obviously, go with the one that best communicates the heart of your story. The second one pulls me in more. It intrigues me (if nothing else, I want to know why the unicorn has no horn and meet The Cat That Walks Alone) and makes me want to read the story. Even so, I think your new version of the original is fantastic.

When the environmental cascade brings humanity to its knees, Anastasia must decide if she can save her family and friends without giving up all her values. DAWN’S END OUTWORLD APOCALYPSE (Now available on Amazon.com)

Third year law student Dana Muhlenberg possesses a sound mind, but would she be allowed to use it if she said, “I do”?

Here’s mine: After suffering a concussion, fifteen year old Iris can sense when someone is about to die. When she tries to prevent the next death from happening she is stopped by Zac, who just happens to be a boy with a secret of his own.

Interesting! I think you can reduce your words by cutting out the concussion (we don’t really need to know how she got the ability). Also, from his name and the use of the possessive pronoun “his,” we know Zac is a boy, so you can cut that out. And you can make “stops” an active verb. That leaves you with:

Fifteen year old Iris can sense when someone is about to die. When she tries to prevent the next death from happening, Zac, who just happens to have a secret of his own, stops her.

Why is Zac stopping her? What’s his secret? Without knowing why he’s stopping her, the conflict isn’t clear.

I wanted to leave in the concussion part because it’s her defining moment but maybe it’s not necessary. I’ll have to think about how to describe Zac more. Thanks for the help!

Kathleen, consider eliminating “who just happens to be….” It’s wordy and a bit awkward. Consider this: “…she is stopped by Zac, a boy with a secret of his own.” I don’t know that you need to say anymore about him. Not knowing his secret makes me want to read the book to find out.

After suffering a concussion, fifteen year old Iris can sense when someone is about to die. When she tries to prevent the next death from happening she is stopped by Zac, a boy with a secret of his own.

Yes, I agree. I like it! Thanks for the help. Next step is the query and synopsis.

Great work, Kathleen. Blessings on your next steps.

New version: After suffering a concussion, fifteen year old Iris can sense when someone is about to die but when she tries to prevent the next death from happening she is stopped by Zac, who harbors a secret of his own.

“Harbors” is an excellent verb. I think you’ve nailed it now, Kathleen. 🙂

Love this new version! You nailed it. 😀

The plot of bastard daughter seeking revenge against her nobleman father requires coercing a wizard to kill her, but when she poisons the wizard’s muffins to anger him, he decides it’s love at first assassination.

(Technically has 3 characters, is that a problem? It just didn’t sound right to have revenge without mentioning who the revenge was against…)

“He decides it’s love at first assassination”–I love this phrase! Your plot also sounds great and I definitely want to read your book, Juterna. 🙂

Your pitch needs a little bit of tweaking grammatically. I stumbled over “The plot of bastard daughter” a couple of times before realizing that it was the plot she had hatched. Perhaps change the wording to “A bastard daughter’s plot to get revenge against her nobleman father….”

Hm, that does read better. Thanks! (retypes for memory…)

A bastard daughter’s plot for revenge against her father requires coercing a wizard into killing her, but when she poisons the wizard’s muffins to anger him, he decides it’s love at first assassination.

Excellent! 🙂

A doctor who confessed to a murder she didn’t commit must convince the prison psychiatrist she is both honest, and innocent.

Your pitch is good, but here are a couple of suggestions that I think would make it stronger. Add the word “now,” and eliminate “both honest and,” so that the sentence reads: “A doctor who confessed to a murder she didn’t commit must now convince the prison psychiatrist that she is innocent.” Also, I wondering about motivation. Why did she confess to a murder she didn’t commit? Was it out of love? Out of fear? Perhaps getting a short phrase of motivation in there–“who confessed out of love to a murder she didn’t commit” will help. Alternately, you could insert what impels her now to convince the psychiatrist of her innocence. If it’s just because she doesn’t want to suffer the consequences of her actions (choosing to confess), in all honesty, I wouldn’t feel any sympathy for her. If she now needs to convince the prison psychiatrist of her innocence before the date of her execution, that’s different. Suddenly, there is a sense of urgency. If she is not faced with execution, then definitely get her motive for confessing into the pitch in order to win the reader’s empathy. Naming her would help as well to get readers to care about her.

Many thanks, Christine. 🙂 You’re right, it’s not about escaping consequences and the reader should feel sympathy for her. But what motivated her to confess is complex, so I’ll have to consider how best to summarise that. Thinking cap back on!

So many interesting loglines here, I wish I had time to reply to everyone.

You’re welcome, Rose. Best of luck. It sounds great!

A prince must regain the trust of his people. In the course he must overthrow his own brother; who has become the most powerful being of the galaxy.

Your grammar’s a bit off, and you could probably make these one sentence. Would this describe the story?

To regain the trust of his people, a prince must overthrow his own brother, the most powerful being in the galaxy.

If that’s not entirely accurate, at the very least your semicolon should be a comma. I think this sounds very interesting!

Your story sounds like something I would want to read, but please note Juturna’s re-write of your pitch. It not only turns the pitch into one sentence, it also makes it stronger.

It might help, as well, if you named the prince and the galaxy. When I read “the most powerful being in the galaxy,” my mind immediately flashed to Darth Vader. Naming the galaxy would eradicate that knee-jerk reaction.

A woman, separated from her sister and her husband, is trying to survive after global economic collapse.

There are many fascinating one sentence summaries on here, I hope I get to read them all!

J.M., your novel sounds intriguing and I would like to read it. Your pitch would be stronger, though, if you added a couple specific details. I think the most important detail to add is the woman’s name. It will help readers connect with her and care about her.

How is this?

Audrey, a woman barely surviving after a global economic failure, is desperately searching for her newlywed husband, Patrick, after a violent riot separated them.

It’s great, J.M. The only problem is that now you have a parallelism error at the end of the sentence. Maybe say, “…after being separated from him by a violent riot.” That way, you stay in the progressive tense throughout.

The son of the mercenary who assassinated JFK sets out to extort and inflict pain on those conspirators still living who killed his mother and aunt.

This sounds intelligent, and that makes me desperately want to read it.

Thanks. I’m hoping it is, and also hope you’ll get the chance to read it in 2013.

Siobhan, a teenage Faerie, defies her culture, risks alienating her mother, and journeys through treacherous Dragonsword Forest to fulfill her secret longing to become a Dragon.

Oooh, I like this one! Love your strong verbs. 🙂

Thank you, Juturna! 😀

I also like your verbs!

Thanks, J.M. 🙂

This is good, Christine. It describes the conflict well and falls out of traditional patterns of these types of sentences.

Would tension be added by saying “in the quest (or in hopes) to fulfill her longing”

I’m only saying that because it’s implied she got there. Or, I’m just bug-eyed after reading so many.

Thank you, P.J. I love the addition of the word “quest,” since it is such a good fantasy genre word. How is this:

Siobhan, a teenage Faerie, defies her culture, risks alienating her mother, and journeys through treacherous Dragonsword Forest in a quest to fulfill her secret longing to become a Dragon.

And yes, you must be bug-eyed by now. You did a fantastic job, though, in revising pitches. You may have a new part time job! 🙂

This is great! I didn’t comment earlier because I’m armpit deep in edits. And seriously, giving you tips is like telling Yoda how to use a light saber.

Thank you, Jennifer. That’s is really sweet (and I love the simile).

Blessings on your editing work. 🙂

EXCELLENT! Active and hooks me in!

Thank you, Heather! 🙂

Hi, Christine! I’m honored that you would want my input. This is my first time at this website and I didn’t think I had any idea what I was doing. Reworking other people’s taglines is good practice, as well as fun!

I couldn’t think of anything better to write, but I do like P.J.’s suggestion of using the word “quest.”

Happy writing!

Hi Julie! Thanks for your feedback. Yes, P.J. is great at this.

I hope you will continue to follow the blog and get involved in the conversations. It’s a wonderful community of writers and you fit right in.

Thanks, Christine!

When widowed FBI Agent Amelia Candler’s colleagues suspect she scammed millions for a bogus Alzheimer’s cure, Amelia must uncover egregious family secrets and survive a deadly deceiver to prove her innocence.

Freda, I love your concept and the pitch is basically quite good. I think you have a usage error, though, with “egregious.” You might want to reconsider the adjective.

How about heartbreaking family secrets? What Amelia discovers about her family is devastating. Devastating family secrets?

Devastating is a great word, Freda. Heart-breaking works too, but I think devastating is stronger.

Blessings! 🙂

Tess always longed to find Jesus, but after getting drunk at a frat party, being raped, and discovering she’s pregnant, she doubts he’d want her.

Hi Melinda, this sounds like an interesting concept. But it sounds like things are happening TO Tess (I know they are). I’d recommend using more action verbs. And now I’m so low on the screen I can’t re-read your sentence and elaborate more!

Thanks, Heather! I’ve worked it over a bit. I don’t know if it has more of what the lead character DOES, but it might be a better descriptor:

After a sensitive young woman is devastated by a sexual assault and its consequences, a kind, chivalrous man helps her heal and find peace with God.

That sounds good…but maybe throw the stakes in there as something to overcome…Do you see the formula I wrote at the very bottom? Like “When ________ survives sexual assult, she has to __________ or she’ll never ________.” That kind of setup–ups the drama factor.

Mine is probably a bit weak, but here it is:

When a woman wins dance lessons and chance to help foster children, she must learn to trust her husband’s lead while dancing with another man.

Hmmm. What’s the conflict? Is she tempted by the other man? Does he threaten her marriage? I like the play on lead and dancing, but I want to know what’s at stake. Oh, and maybe use her name.

Agreed. We can’t tell what she’s trusting her husband to do. Is the dance teacher symbolically teaching her to follow her husband? Is her husband unable to dance?

When drought strikes 1954 Wise, WV, it takes an unwed mother’s miraculous ability to feed the town to teach Casewell Phillips what love and forgiveness mean.

First of all, I love that you named your town Wise.

Your pitch is good, but I think it could be a little stronger. The current sentence structure is passive “It takes….” Consider making it more active: “an unwed mother’s miraculous ability teaches Casewell Phillips…” And I would omit saying exactly what her miraculous ability is. Make people read the book to find out. 🙂

Sounds like something I want to read. WEST VIRGINIA is going to come into its own in the literary world!!!

Helping a terminally ill family friend kill himself was supposed to be a one-time favor — Eli never suspected euthanasia would become his true calling.

(Okay, so I cheated a bit by using an m-dash.)

That’s intriguing! I’m hooked -em dash or not.

I like it too. Interesting story idea.

An orphaned teen is drawn into a twenty-first century web, trapped by an ancient evil.

What ancient evil? What’s unique about this teen? What’s the web? I think you need to be more specific with at least one of these, to make your summary stand out.

When several deaths and a cancerous growth happens to one young woman, she must overcome severe pain and loss to come to terms with her childhood and raise up the next generation.

Hmm, it’s a bit awkward.

After the death of (whom?), a young woman learns she has a cancer and must overcome her debilitating pain to nurture her children.

Thanks Dannie! How about this; When Cynric, a tormented fox, gains control of a powerful sword, three heroes forge an unlikely friendship and find they must lead a rebel army of forest creatures to reclaim the Kingdom of Sunderland from him.

Jeanne, honestly I liked your second pitch better. But that’s just my opinion.

I’m sorry that I misspelled Cynric’s name in my last comment.

26 words for my memoir “The Last Championship”:

A son watches his father play senior softball and learns to reconcile the bitter end of his baseball career by playing again after ten years away.

When flying trapeze artist Lulu Young suffers a tragic injury, she must find a way to rebuild her life and her father’s ailing circus.

Fascinating! I’m intrigued. Could you add some descriptor of Lulu? Is she super talented (which implies that the tragic injury is even harder to take)?

I trip up on the word “ailing.”

Thanks Jackie! How about: When elite flying trapeze artist Lulu Young suffers a tragic injury, she must find a way to rebuild her life and save her father’s bankrupt circus.

Yay, thanks for the feedback and encouragement!

A tormented fox has gained control of a powerful sword and three unlikely heroes must lead the forest creatures to reclaim the Kingdom of Sunderland.

I feel like I want a little more character here. What’s the fox’s name? Is he one of the heroes? Give me someone to whom I can anchor myself and thus bond to your story. Sounds really cute!!

Thanks, Dannie. How about this?

When Cynric, a tormented fox, gains control of a powerful sword, three heroes forge an unlikely friendship and find they must lead a rebel army of forest creatures to reclaim the Kingdom of Sunderland.

Better, I think. 🙂

It might be too wordy for a logline but I wonder if you could show the unlikely friendship, rather than tell?

Jeanne, I love this! First, I was intrigued from the moment that you said, “A fox finds a powerful sword….” A fox is an unusual protagonist even in a fantasy. (Thank you for not making your protagonist a mouse.) I’m glad that you took Dannie’s suggestion and named the fox. Cenric is a fantastic name, indicates your writing style and immediately helps the readers connect with and care about the character. I am ready to read your story. Best of luck with it. 🙂

Intriguing. I want to learn more. You could tighten it, I think.

When Cynric, a tormented fox, gains control of the powerful Magalunian sword, three heroes must forge an unlikely friendship to muster an army of forest creatures that can reclaim the kingdom.

In these books, swords tend to have names – and that fact that it’s a named sword matters more, I think, than the name of the kingdom. Also, I’ve tried to make the main clause more imperative and urgent. Does it help? Right track?

BTW, “forest creatures” sounds MG – is that the audience? Or is it older fantasy? That said, I can’t off the top of my head come up with a one-word noun to replace it. And I still have too many verbs there – forge, muster, reclaim. Does it actually need the reclaim part? I guess that’s what’s at stake, but the interesting part is the friendship and the army, to me.

@MK, Christine and Dannie – Just wanted to say thank you so very much for your feed back and advice. This is a middle grade fantasy, which will soon be released. The title, The Sword of Demelza, will introduce kids to animals that are very unusual, many of which are endangered. Most of the anthropomorphized characters are animals found only on the continent of Australia. I do hope you will look for it in the near future. Thank you again for your kind help and words of support! Jeanne https://facebook.com/australianfantasyadventures

A millionaire’s illegitimate son signs a bethrothal contract to save his father’s life, and sets to find his spouse’s missing ex to win his heart.

Sorry, but I’m confused. How does a betrothal contract save a person’s life? Is he being threatened by somebody? A threat is always more powerful when we know who is doing the threatening and why. And how does his finding the ex help?

Wait, hold on. I got confused about whose ex and whose spouse we’re talking about. Make the characters’ connections to one another clear.

When her rock star father is murdered, Skylar Benson, a sixteen year old girl with cystic fibrosis must do the one thing she never expected–survive.

Why must she survive? To find his murderer, to get revenge, to keep his band going?

She never expected to survive? I’m guessing what you actually mean is that she never expected to have to fight for survival, is that right?

No, I mean survive period. Cystic fibrosis is a terminal disease.

My two sentence logline is: Sixteen-year-old Skylar Benson has cystic fibrosis and one certainty: she’s going to die first. When her rock star father is murdered, she must do the one thing she never expected–survive.

With that two-sentence logline, I’d replaced “die first” with “die before her father.” “First” is a comparative term and does you no good unless you know to whom she’s comparing her lifespan.

Again, I need to know why she suddenly needs to survive (or why she didn’t need to survive before). I have no sense of what’s at stake. It’s a great concept and ordinarily surviving would be a goal in and of itself, but when you say she expected to die, I need something stronger and more specific to explain why she suddenly needs to live. Maybe she’s living to carry on her father’s name? Throw in a “to” clause (“When her rock star father is murdered, Skylar Benson, a sixteen year old girl with cystic fibrosis must do the one thing she never expected to [honor his memory/find his killers/find fulfillment/prevent the zombie apocalypse]–survive.”) It’s a great one-sentence summary, but I really need that motivator before I’m hooked enough to want to pick the book up.

When they sail to that part of the map labeled “Here be dragons”, normally shy Astrid must use her gift for telling the right story at the right time to help her people build a new home.

I’d cut the “normally” out. I think it’s implied and also your logline shows greater conflict without it. I’m also not sure you need the “at the right time.” I don’t think it adds anything in the vacuum of a logline and for me it makes the sentence feel a little clunky. Sounds like a great tale!

great suggestions!

Thanks. I think you may be right about that.

Very interesting. Only one question; why did they sail to that part of the map?

Hmm. Well, that’s where one-sentence pitches get difficult. With three sentences, I could tell you more. 🙂

They’re starting from Greenland ca. 1350, where the Norse colony was slowly starving. They’re going to Markland (North America)–uncharted territory, which was commonly labeled “Here be dragons” on the maps of the time. And they will encounter things that look to them a whole lot like dragons.

I would like to see the time period in the sentence.

In the world of the Gifted, two powerful forces work together to stop the deadly workings of a scientific researcher gone evil, while battling their own unclaimed feelings.

The first thing that’s missing completely is any hint of the main character or characters.

I think the more specific you get here the more opportunity you have to showcase your manuscript’s uniqueness. What can you tell us, more specifically, about these two powerful forces and the characters through whom they are conveyed?

The world of the Gifted is very intriguing, but I would like to know a bit more about it.

Does “unclaimed feelings” indicate a romance? I guess I’m not sure what you mean by “unclaimed feelings.”

Hey guys thanks for the feedback. Here is another shot at it.

To stop the evil machinations of a Gifted Scientist, a librarian hiding her own powerful gifts works to uncover the truth behind the killings, however will working with her unclaimed love proves to me be a trial that she can overcome?

Eli is beaten, betrayed, burned, and accused of murder on his quest to find his calling and to know YHWH.

I like the concept, but on any worthwhile quest, someone will be beaten down, etc. I want to know why he’s on this quest and what will happen if he doesn’t succeed.

Oh, and what the quest is. (forgot to add that)

It is the same as anyone’s quest to find their calling and to grow close to God. What happens if he fails? What happens if anyone fails? As Mordecai told Esther, “If you do not do this, God will raise up another.” (paraphrase) Maybe the better question is: what happens if he succeeds? Will life be easy or will trouble continue to follow?

That’s all fine and good, but what is the inciting incident that makes him leave his comfort zone to find himself? Why now?

The point of fiction, even character studies like yours, is to watch people grow against the odds. Show us who he is before he finds God and what he aims to become after he finds God. Then you have a pitch.

But, this is all just one persons’ opinion. Feel free to take it or leave it – which ever helps you grow as a writer.

When it is discovered that I have a brain tumor and only ten days to prepare for what could be the end of my life, I use those ten days to reflect over the different types of brokenness I experienced and realize that God’s, love, grace and protection was always there and available for me.

Too long, let me try again.

When I am diagnosed with a brain tumor, I have ten days to face and accept my brokenness I determine if God was ever there for me.

You have a powerful story here and your second pitch is almost perfect. I think that you may just have a typo (which is really easy to do when writing these comments). I’m thinking that you meant to write “I have ten days…to determine if God….” Is that right?

You’re welcome ! 🙂

Glad to see another memoir on here. I just pitched mine. Should they be in first-person? What’s the standard?

What does your editor suggest? I’m working in first person. It makes it easier to engage the reader.

Here’s mine in 3rd: A 36-year-old retraces her failed relationships since 16 to find closure and reach happiness with her husband and two sons.

When I read a story, I am more drawn in when I experience it, not just hear it. Good luck with this.

So are you suggesting I change it to first-person, or start over?

When seventeen year old Jessica suffers a brain injury the only two friends who can see her splintered soul must help her before she gets stuck forever in her rival’s body.

Who is the protag of your story? Jessica or her two friends? And if Jessica’s soul is split, does she realize and is unable to fix it? You have an interesting concept here, but I just have too many questions to be hooked.

Very interesting concept! I’m intrigued!! Is Jessica the main character here? The brain injury in the intro does not prepare me for the ending “in the rival’s body.” That concept should be introduced earlier.

Darby is a novel of danger, mystery, and intrigue set in the Appalachian mountains of Western North Carolina.

Name the danger, mystery, and intrigue.

Darby is a small rural community. The novel begins in 1895, when George Walsh is murdered and Floyd Caldwell, a neighbor and farmer was blamed by George Walsh’s family for the murder. This developed into a feud,and later a duel between Caldwell and the brother of George Walsh. The duel won by Caldwell drew Walsh’s son and Caldwell’s son into the feud. This controversy lasted over twenty years. It involved Walsh’s son seeking revenge.

Good synopsis, William. Your concept sounds good. But you haven’t got a pitch yet. Your original pitch was too general. Your synopsis is much more interesting. Even so, I’m not clear on who your protagonist is and what that protagonist’s conflict is. Looking again at Rachelle’s formula and try writing the pitch again with a clear protagonist and conflict.

The novel, Darby, begins in 1895 when George Walsh, a rocky soil farmer, dram drinker, father, and husband is killed. Floyd Caldwell, also a farmer found Walsh standing in Elk Creek where he appealed to Caldwell saying, “Floyd I’m stobbed and stobbed bad.” Floyd rescued him but was later blamed by Walsh’s family for his murder. This blame developed into a feud, and a duel in which Floyd Caldwell killed Virgil Walsh, George’s brother. This drew their eighteen year old sons, Andrew Walsh and William Caldwell, into the feud. Andrew was pretty much of a hothead and he took up where Virgil had left off by holding a grudge against the entire Caldwell family. In a bar fight Andrew killed a man and was sentenced to ten years in prison. While in prison he killed a fellow inmate and his sentence was increased to life in prison. Even though the inmate he killed admitted to killing his father, Andrew refused to believe him. He continued blaming the Caldwells and threatened to break out of prison and kill them all. Andrew had a sister, Deborah, who married William Caldwell. This angered Andrew so much that when his mother visited him in prison he attacked her for allowing Deborah to marry, “one of them murdering Caldwells.” During these more than twenty years, William Caldwell and Deborah attend college where he became a doctor and his wife a school teacher and they had two children. Andrew, in a high security prison feigned insanity and was assigned to an insane asylum from which he broke out and headed for Darby, North Carolina, and the Caldwells. This time he was caught before reaching Darby, but not before he murdered three people. Another time he was thought by hospital psychiatrists to be rehabilitated and was given unsupervised probation. He again went after the Caldwells plus his mother and brother. While he was unsuccessful in killing the Caldwells, he did try to kill his brother but was himself, killed by his mother.

Tommy should be doing something normal, like studying or making out with a cheerleader, instead of staring into the eyes of the monster he created.

I love this! You got my attention!

I like it too. I would certainly want to read more.

Instead of the word “normal” try taking it out so it reads: Tommy should be studying or making out with a cheerleader, instead of staring into the eyes of the monster he created.

I’d read it!

Excellent revision, Kathleen!

This is great! The character of the lead is captured, and I want to find out what happens next.

Haha, love it!!

Thanks to all who offered their kind words and suggestions. Truly, I am touched.

So…um…any of you know an agent looking to represent a YA thriller?

I teach high school and my students would love this.

Evelyn, OK. So it’s not published…yet. What can we make happen? If interested, please write me mail(AT)MichaelSeese(DOT)com

When Julie Hastings, abuse victim, accepts a veterinary position in South Dakota, she ends up falling in love and healing herself.

Lisa, I feel that you have tied this up too neatly. It’s as if you’ve told your story in a sentence. Hint at the ending without completely giving it away. For example, “In her new position as veterinarian, Julie Hastings loves and heals animals, but can she find love and heal herself of an abusive past?”

I agree, the story sounds great but I do feel like I already know the ending. Maybe mentioning what she battles internally when she falls in love? It certainly sounds like you are writing a book that can help so many. I wish you luck!

Thank you so much! Great feedback!

How’s this?

New veterinarian, Julie Hastings, has been taught by her stepfather that not all beasts run on four feet, now she must face another truth: some beasts are good.

It’s intriguing, Lisa. 🙂

Take two (this is going to take a while)…

Hunting down the lifelong friend who betrayed his father leaves Fletch out of time, discovering you can’t kill a man twice.

This ending is interesting! I’d read more, Taz.

Wow, thanks 🙂 It’s a test to pack in the info but only in 25 words. Journalists would have a field day with this. It’s like the first sentence in an article.

Very intriguing!

Thank you. My one-sheet is even better 😉

Racing against time to hunt down his father’s betrayer, Fletcher must uncover long-kept family secrets before it’s too late to save those he can’t live without.

Taz, your pitch was great up until the end. The sentence becomes awkward at “to save those he can’t live without.” See if you can find a way to rephrase just that part.

Onto it! Thank you!!

PS~ Wonder what Rachelle thinks of all these comments flying fast and free. Bet she loves watching the interaction. It’s like a mini conference.

When the governor’s infant daughter is kidnapped as part of a plot to delay the execution of a mob boss, a down-on-her-luck writer is abducted to care for the child and must find the strength to protect her and save them both.

It sounds like you have an action-packed story! One suggestion: perhaps start your pitch with your protagonist. That way, the hearer / reader cares about her. Currently, she is taking a back seat to the infant and the governor.

Agreed! Maybe “When down-on-her-luck writer is abducted to care for …”

Good lead in, Jackie. 🙂

A Romeo and Juliet in reverse, the friends and family want the wounded warrior and the reluctant healer tied together before she flies off, and he sails away, in three weeks.

Not sure I’m hooked on “A reverse Romeo and Juliet”–unless you really are the next Shakespeare, it sets up some pretty tall expectations. I think this would be stronger without the reference.

Maybe “Friends and family want a wounded warrior and his reluctant healer…”? Also you don’t need to set off “and he sails away” with commas.

@Kate, you are absolutely right about the commas. Extra commas are my pet peeve.

@Terry, you sensed two pauses, but dashes would be more appropriate than commas here.

I like it better with neither dashes nor commas.

Be inspired and motivated to live your Christian life to the full, as you work through 40 short, relevant and practical How-to topics.

Instead of being told it’s relevant, I’d like to come to that conclusion on my own by having more specifics: who’s the target audience (working moms? teen girls? retirees?), what is the nature of the topics (spiritual disciplines? relationships?), and how am I going to work through the topics (is this a fill in the blank workbook? do you give real life assignments? or simple meditations for the day?)

I’m ready to be inspired!

Thank you for your help M. Here is my second attempt.

Christians of every age with a desire to serve God, will be inspired and motivated as you practice the practical How-to’s following each of 40 short topics.

Coming in off the ledge for a minute to play, then back to work dodging pigeons:

“While Josie poses as Kennedy’s mommy to protect him, she finds unexpected love, until the birth mom’s appearance threatens all she loves with the truth.” (25 wds)

(Hmm…Am I the only one writing romantic relational drama?)

You’re not. 😉 I just haven’t dived in with mine yet.

Try simple active verbs for more punch:

Josie protects (baby?) Kennedy by claiming him as her own. Then the birth mother appears with the truth, threatening everything Josie loves.

Wonder if you could replace “threatening everything” with something more specific?

Good luck with those pigeons!

When zealots steal a religious manuscript explaining how to start Armageddon, Polly must uncover the origins of the manuscript in order to prevent it.

Good description, a bit clinical. Suggestion

When zealots steal a religious manuscript that unlocks the door to Armageddon, Polly must uncover the origin of the document to prevent world destruction.

Meh, mine’s not great. Yours is good, I just think it needs a punch, because it sounds like a good book.

Thanks for the critique. How about:

When zealots steal a religious manuscript needed to begin Armageddon, Polly must uncover the origins of the manuscript in order to stop them.

Sounds good. I hope it makes it to print. I’d read it!

Thanks! Have to finish writing it first. ;-D

Hey, Patti!

I am always puzzled as to why evildoers (books, movies) would want to start Armageddon–it is only a quicker way to Hell, according to the book of Revelation. Thanks!

Short answer:

Because they believe everything that is physical (Earth, humanity, etc) was created by the devil and only by destroying it can we all be saved.

For more info you’ll have to read the book 🙂

I’m going to give the same advice I gave PJ — instead of a name, tell us something defining about Polly. Who is this girl?

Here’s a different take:

While investigating her mother’s death, Polly finds a religious manuscript needed to start Armageddon only to have it stolen by her mother’s murderer who plans to use it.

While investigating her mothers death Polly uncovers the key to unleashing Armegggedon and now the killers have her in their sights.

rough- but taking the basic structure and key info on- the language can be smoothed out.

all Polly wanted was answers to her mothers death, instead she uncovers a manuscript detailing how to unleash Armeggedon, and some people will do anything to get their hands on it.

This stuff is hard 🙁

Captive in ancient Albia, deep beneath Antarctica’s ice-sheets, Gus finds first love and the courage to escape with a mission to avert global climate crisis

This is too general for me. Tell us more about the mission and less about how he finds it.

Thank you so much for that advice. I shall ponder how to follow it :-). Good luck to you too 🙂

When the holy men of Boston become victims of a psychopathic murderer, Detective Adam Stein must delve into the elusive killer’s mind to stop the slaughter of priests and pastors.

I like – good job!

This is probably personal bias, so take it with a grain of salt but the work psychopathic stuck out to me. (I’m a therapist.) I think what you mean is sociopathic. Psychopathology applies to anyone with any sort of mental health condition from depression to schizophrenia. Sociopathology is when someone’s behavior deviates from what is socially acceptable i.e. murder. Again because of my bias, the word psychopathic as used implies that mentally ill people are violent murderers and can be construed as offensive. Otherwise, well done. Great energy and tone.

Thanks Christine!

PJ, you have a clear and focused pitch. If you replace your character’s name with something like “embittered detective” or “burnt out detective” or “detective of the year” (okay, maybe not that one), but something that tells us who this guy is, it’ll be even stronger.

Really excellent, P.J. I love your strong verb phrase “must delve.” The phrase “When the Holy Men of Boston…” tripped me up. I had to read it twice and I didn’t quite know what you meant until I saw “priests and pastors” at the end of the sentence. On reading the sentence a few times, I think that the problem may be that it is passive. They “become the victims.” Consider switching the sentence construction so that it’s more active: “When a sociopath [to use Dannie’s suggestion] begins killing the holy men of Boston….” I think that might make the sentence stronger.

A mass murderer is by definition a sociopath; the word is redundant. Also, become victims is passive.

How ’bout: When detective Adam Stein spots the thread connecting the murders of Boston’s priests, he must find the key to the killer’s mind before he strikes again.

Not quite it, but something like that…? I know you said priests and pastors, but “religious leaders” lacks punch. Unless the next victim on the list is his rabbi? (Just thinking of the name Stein and Boston’s long and troubling religious struggles. Depends whether its set in Southie or Brookline… but if it is in either of those communities, be specific, since they have resonance.)

Oooh, I like that MK!

Thanks MK. Some things about the book require that no rabbi is killed. 🙂 You and Christine are right, the passive has to go.

When a sociopath murders priests and pastors in Boston, a Jewish detective must delve into the elusive killer’s mind to stop the carnage.

I like it, PJ. Good job!

When a hypnotist is challenged to turn a woman with low self esteem into porn star/ dominatrix, he uncovers evidence of a childhood abduction and traumatic sexual abuse. He must help the girl overcome the trauma and help the FBI track down the pedophiles that abused her.

Okay, that’s 2 sentences and 47 words, but I don’t see how I can condense it any more.

When a hypnotist accidentally uncovers his patient’s latent memories of sexual abuse, he must ….

I stopped there because I don’t see the conflict for the protagonist. What will he lose by helping this woman? Is this an example of systematic abuse by people of power? Is he struggling against a greater force?

Answer these questions and I think you’ll have a better pitch. Good luck

Yes, I really wonder why he “must”. Why has he become so involved?

The hypnotist’s motivation comes from the women in his life. His girlfriend’s sister was abducted and is currently missing (previous novel). His publicist said that if he could give the girl enough confidence to leave an abusive relationship she would provide her publicity services for free. Also he feels an obligation to an FBI agent because he’s partially responsible for her best friend’s PTSD (previous novel).

So his motivation is complicated.

@Daniel. Perhaps give away less of the plot. Consider, A shy woman challenges a hypnotist to turn her into a porn star, but secrets are uncovered that instead turn him into a detective, chasing down the men who abused her in childhood.

Oooooooooooooh, I like!

Thanks for the suggestion, Rose. But as I state above, it’s not the subject who issues the challenge, it’s his girlfriend and a concerned friend.

Challenged to turn an anorexic co-dependent girl into a dominatrix, a hypnotist uncovers repressed memories of a childhood abduction and a ring of pedophiles. He must track down the girl’s abusers in order to discover the girl’s true identity and reunite her with her family.

Daniel, now that version I really like! There’s a book I’d read. Well done. 🙂

Much better. Good job!

Thanks, Rose and Patti.

As a mother fights to overturn her son’s life sentence, he uncovers a deadly and far-reaching conspiracy that threatens to destroy them both.

Too vague – tell us what the conspiracy is. In the example from Harry Potter, we know the man who killed his parents is after him. Specificity will make your pitch stand out.

Sorry – I meant @Dee. 🙂

@Dee. Consider,

While in prison, (Name) uncovers a deep-rooted conspiracy which puts the one person striving to overturn his life sentence in mortal danger.

Question: About whom is this story? The prisoner himself or the one trying to get him out of prison?

Not knowing exactly what the story is about, I made up a couple of taglines that could be for either character:

Option A: In prison for …, (Name) discovers a deep-rooted conspiracy that could overturn his life sentence, but put his life in danger.

Option B: Striving to overturn a friend’s life imprisonment for a crime he didn’t commit, (Name) uncovers a deep-rooted conspiracy that could put him in mortal danger.

When Sacha finds herself playing second fiddle to her rocker boyfriend’s newly acquired drug habit, she realizes that despite what all the songs say, sometimes love isn’t all you need.

I think no one has commented on this one yet because it is really good. A very clear pitch.

“finds herself playing second fiddle” seems a bit passive.

Suggestion:

“When her rocker boyfriend plunges into drugs, Sasha learns that, in spite of the songs, love isn’t all you need.”

Great rewrite, P.J.

The second fiddle bit is a reference to the fact Sacha is a violinist….

Ah, OK, we didn’t know that. Without that information, it seemed like a cliche. It kind of clashed–rocker-second fiddle (I don’t know, Dave Matthews uses fiddles, right?)

Katie, it’s a good plot concept, but please do take a look at what P.J. did with the pitch. The phrase “playing second fiddle” is cliche. “Love is all you need” is fine because you’ve connected it with the song lyric, but having two cliches in one sentence might lead agents and editors to think that you’re writing will be riddled with them. I suspect that you were going for a music-resonant phrase when you used “second fiddle,” but I’m sure you can come up with one of your own.

Agreed, Christine.

A headstrong bride-to-be arrives in town and finds the groom is missing, but a hundred eager bachelors wait in line to take his place.

Needs a bit more conflict or detail. I’m thinking she’s a flake if she doesn’t ask what happen to the guy. Is he dead? Who cares about these other guys, John is missing!! (or whatever his name is) It’s not a mystery, is it?

A hundred bachelors? Is it Alaska during the Gold Rush?

When a headstrong bride-to-be arrives in a town devoid of women, she discovers the groom has abandoned her, forcing her to choose between a hundred eager bachelors or starvation. <– i have no clue what I'm talking about here. 🙂

Gabrielle, I agree with P.J. that more detail is needed. I don’t feel I can give an example of an alternate pitch because I don’t have a real sense of what the story is about. I’m intrigued in regards to why there are a hundred guys ready to take the groom’s place, but like P.J., I have no sense of what the conflict is or why the bride seems unconcerned that the groom is missing. Is this an arranged marriage? Is the town (as P.J. suggested) composed solely of men? Perhaps giving a setting would help.

Yes, the town was comprised mostly of men (they actually put out an advertisement saying there were a hundred bachelors for every “good-looking woman”). My book is set in 1857, Minnesota Territory, and the bride is VERY concerned that her fiance has disappeared – one of the conflicts she had to deal with is the hundred eager bachelors, when all she wants is the one who’s gone. 🙂

In 1857, a bride-to-be arrives in Minnesota Territory, but discovers the groom has abandoned her, leaving her at the mercy of a hundred eager bachelors, ready to take his place.

Your revised statement is more interesting! I’d read further.

When a mail-order bride arrives in the Minnesota Territory and discovers her perfect groom has vanished, she must [something] a town full of men who’ll stop at nothing to take his place.

My problem: I don’t know the [something]. Fend off? Choose from? Audition? You’ve given a great setup, but I’m not sure what the conflict is after Chapter 1.

much better – and as a Minnesotan, I’d love to read it one day. 🙂

I’d love some names here; it would help me to immediately connect with the characters.

I thought it had to be under 25 words, but now I look back and see it should be “about” 25 words.

In 1857, bride-to-be Kathryn Westbrook arrives in Minnesota Territory, but discovers the groom has abandoned her, leaving her at the mercy of a hundred eager bachelors, ready to take his place.

Question: Kathryn starts to fall in love with William, who is one of the bachelors and a man committed to ridding the town of outlaws who threaten his investments and the future of the town, but when her fiance shows up again, and she discovers he’s become one of the outlaws, she must choose between him and William – who is determined to bring her fiance to justice. How would you fit that into a one sentence hook – along with what I already have?

Gabrielle, I kinda like it w/out the deets on the men she has to choose between. I think if you stick w/your main character and his/her conflict, that’s your hook. The other stuff can go in the synopsis. And even then, stick w/the how she deals w/the two guys (not the whole town o’guys…hee).

Mary Connolly was killed by a terrorist bomb, but when the last empty seat on a long flight is next to a woman who could be her twin, Mike Trainor has the chance to face the past from which he’s fled – and reach for a future for which his heart yearns.

Perhaps too much detail in the sentence for an elevator? Not sure.

After a terrorist’s bomb kills Mary, Mike Trainor’s true love, a woman, who could be her twin, comes into his life, forcing him to choose between suppressing the past or reaching for the future.

Just a thought, bro.

P.J., you’ve really got a knack for this. I hope you’ll take a swing at mine (below)! Pleeeeease? 🙂

When Jonah is exiled as a cursling, a youth with a special gift, he must find a way to stop the schemes of the man who condemned him – if he can first survive the lethal Threeland nights. (“Threeland,” MG novel)

Great, but I’d lose the ‘first’. It tripped me when I read it.

MK, I think the phrase after the dash makes your logline. That was the part that captured my attention. I agree with Andrew in part. The word “first” is a bit of a stumbling block. However, instead of eliminating the word, consider reconstructing the phrase. Perhaps: “–but first he must survive the lethal Threeland Nights.”

I like that, Christine! Good idea!

Thanks! I’m looking forward to reading your novel. 🙂

Yeah, that works, Christine. Overall, it’s a good pitch, MK.

Thanks, everyone. Appreciate the help (and encouragement).

A recovering bulimic’s reawakened sexuality has unexpected consequences when her estranged husband kills himself leaving her struggling to understand what love really means.

@KatieP: I know comments are usually written quickly, but you might want to fix the grammar (comma after husband, period at the end). That said, I’d be curious to learn more about how suicide connects to “understand what love…”; I’m not getting the connection (though I doubt I’m the target audience either).

@Natalie: I love “lack of magical ability”; it promises an interesting series of clear challenges on what is probably a Hero’s Journey. I’m not as excited about low self-esteem; it feels like a secondary problem, not necessarily worthy of the big-bang first sentence. What about an adjective or adjectival phrase preceding Seyune – “chambermaid Seyune” (low status), “ugly duckling Seyune” (outcast, bullied), etc.

I’m not sure that ‘sexuality’ is the best word – perhaps ‘passion’ of ‘passions’ would be better?

Sexuality is kind of limiting, and to some degree pigeonholes the narrative arc. My feeling is that the awakening is more complete for the protagonist, and a word like ‘passion’ would cover that.

Katie, I like the concept but I’m not clear on how her “reawakened sexuality” could result in her husband’s suicide. I realize that it’s a complex story and that so little can be told in the hook, but the lack of even a hint of a logical connection troubles me. But I may the only one who doesn’t get it. If I am, please ignore me. 🙂

Katie, sounds fascinating! To avoid confusion about what is CAUSING what vs. what FOLLOWS what in time, maybe start with, “After her estranged husband’s suicide …”

When dragons enslave her town, Seyune must overcome her lack of magical ability and low self-esteem to defeat them.

Interesting premise, and I love the name, but there’s one thing that needs to be addressed – why is it up to Seyune? The lack of magical ability is clearly a handicap in a society in which there are people with that gift, so I think it has to be explained – here – why the task falls to her.

“Low self-esteem” might also be replaced…maybe something like “…knowing she lacks the magical ability to defeat them, Seyune must nonetheless meet in battle the dragons which enslave her town.”

When dragons enslave her town, (good) Seyune must overcome her “lack of magical ability”–Perhaps something positive would be more compelling. “Must learn the secret of the chicken curse <–silly, but just an example

"and low self-esteem"–kinda pop psychology meets fantasy. Conquer her fear before she can defeat them.

This is off the cuff, but I'd look into those two elements.

When dragons enslave her town and wipe out the powerful magic users, Seyune must team up with the arrogant archmage’s apprentice to fight them despite her own lack of magical ability.

Yeah, better. How about:

When dragons enslave her town and slaughter the powerful magicians, Seyune must face her inadequacies and join forces with an arrogant archmage’s apprentice to free her people.

PJ, I really like that! I think a combination of this and Natalie’s revision would be perfect!

When dragons enslave Springfield, Seyune jumps into the fray to lead the forces of good to save her town. Name names pls.

Wow, Natalie! Much stronger. Great job! I’m ready to read your book.

This revised summary really drew me in! (I’m actually looking up your book now…)

Thanks heaps everyone! Now maybe I’d just better actually finish the book …

An orphan girl fights the small town bully, united with her alcoholic mother while trying to stay alive in the big city with her newborn baby.

So are they in the small town, or a big city? How is she an orphan when she has an alcoholic mother? And did she have her newborn baby when she was 12 or 13 if she is still a “girl”? It seems a bit contradictory.

When his parents die in a tragic car accident, Tommy Slattery struggles to find happiness after he is forced to leave school to raise his deformed sister and run his father’s failing business.

Your Path to Publishing

Self-Publishing
A Writer’s Life

How to Write a Terrific Author Bio

How to Get Published

How to Find an Agent

How To Write A Query Letter

How To Write a Book Proposal

How To Title Your Book

AI Content Shield
AI KW Research
AI Assistant
SEO Optimizer
AI KW Clustering
Customer reviews
The NLO Revolution
Press Center
Help Center
Content Resources
Facebook Group

How to Write One Sentence Summary Effectively

Table of Contents

Want to discover what a unique one sentence summary entails? You are in the right place! Let’s begin by defining what a one-sentence summary means and why it is essential.

Why a One-Sentence Summary

To intrigue someone into reading your book. While your book is in its early stages, consider your audience. It’s all about the audience you hope to impress.

When someone asks you, “What’s your book about?” it’s the first thing you say.

A one-sentence synopsis simplifies a long novel with many characters and subplots. It shows a clear, concise narrative that grabs the reader’s attention and piques their interest in reading the rest of the book.

A one-sentence summary simplifies a long novel into a clear, concise statement.

5 Formulas to Help Write a One-Sentence Novel Summary

Becoming a better writer is about improving your writing skills and learning how to write a one-sentence summary. It is not an easy task, but it is possible.

If your goal is to write a one-sentence summary of your book, you should consider using these five formulas to develop your summary.

These formulas will help you write the kind of one-sentence synopsis that editors and agents typically highlight and recommend.

Here are the five formulas to help you write unique a one-sentence summary:

If you’re trying to persuade someone, you can use the following formula:

Claim + Reason(s) = Synopsis

Because of this recent study and my own experience, I believe this diet can help you lose weight…”

2. Writing a how-to article :

Specific Subject + Reader Benefit = Summary.

For example, “This post will teach bloggers how to construct headlines that will pique the interest of their readers.”

3. Writing a sales page:

Any [YOUR AUDIENCE] can [SOLVE THEIR PROBLEM] by using [YOUR PRODUCT] because [HOW IT SOLVES THE PROBLEM].

For example, “Any writer may enhance their productivity by using the ‘Writing Planner App’. The Writer Planner App helps them juggle all of their writing assignments and measure their progress.”

4. Writing a memoir, personal essay, or story:

This is about x, as illustrated by y, to be told in a z.

X represents the theme of your essay that your readers can relate to. Y represents the storyline you like to convey, and z represents the place the story is to be told.

Here’s an example:

Tricia shares: “It’s about what pets do for us that we can’t do ourselves. This is to be exemplified by my life with my dog, chubby, to be detailed in a blog post.”

5. If writing a novel :

WHO is your main character + WHERE the story takes place + WHAT is the situation + WHY it matters + HOW the character solves the problem.

Remember there’s usually only one main character in a novel, and it’s usually an obvious character. Go with the character who’s going to save the day!

Crafting a One-Sentence Summary to Strengthen Your Writing

A one-sentence synopsis aids in the creation of a narrowly focused piece of literature. When you’ve finished your first draft and are ready to edit, utilize the summary as a guide to ensure that each paragraph is connected. It also aids in the focus of your writing, making each sentence more powerful and concise.

With a comprehensive summary, you can get right to the heart of your story without getting bogged down by plodding descriptions.

A one-sentence summary provides a voice for the idea(s). Think about what would make your concept more compelling and thrilling and which words you would use to make it more vivid and exciting.

Where and how do you see your story told? The ideal situation is to find the most compelling way to tell your story that will strike a chord in your readers. This often requires reading widely and frequently and attending to “Why?”

This will suggest that you work out what your story is about. What is your strong point?—and where is the weak spot in your story.

Do your pre-publication reading and analysis, and work out your situation. The more you work out the story development in advance, the easier and more enjoyable the writing is.

What Unique One Sentence summary Entails

When writing for a range of audiences, it’s critical not to forget about your audience in the initial draft. When editing your writing, pay special attention to the audience.

Instead of reading it from beginning to end, skim it for facts and questions. To make the summary more brief, forceful, and specific, aim it in the other direction.

To create a sizzling synopsis, think of a situation where your fictional character is faced with a problem. The answer lies in a tight sentence that describes the character’s personality and motivation and connects directly to your theme.

When you’re actively writing – even watching TV – you’re asked to take in everything at once. However, you can develop a systematic back to your theme.

For example, in my blog posts, I’ll write something like, “In today’s article, you’ll learn three different ways to create a …” The readers know where I am taking them immediately.

It is often effective when writing a short story or personal essay to include often a line such as, “This is a…”

You might prefer to communicate your piece in a roundabout way, perhaps through a story or dialogue.

You should convey the theme and direction of the piece somewhere in the introduction to your article or the first chapter of your book.

The adage “write what you know” may sound very trite, but it works. Try to write about what you know. If you don’t know it, keep reading. Keep a stock of stories and pieces of writing that you like, and use them again and again.

As long as you’re willing to work hard, you’ll be able to come out with a compelling yet brief overview of any text . The more you practice, the more fluent you become in this language and the more skill you develop in writing a one-sentence summary.

Pam is an expert grammarian with years of experience teaching English, writing and ESL Grammar courses at the university level. She is enamored with all things language and fascinated with how we use words to shape our world.

Explore All Summarize Articles

Why use short sentences – 5 benefits of simple writing.

We’ve all heard the advice: “write short sentences”. But why are short sentences used in the first place? If you…

What is Summarize (Unbelievable Key Features)

What is summarize? Summarize isn’t equivalent to rewriting. A summary provides a shortened and accurate description of a text’s key…

What You Need to Know About Text Summarization NLP

The primary purpose of summarizing a text is to create information that is easy to understand and conveys the main…

Effective Steps for Writing a Summary Sentence

A summary sentence is a shorter version of the original sentence. A good summary should be concise, accurate, and objective.…

How to Summarize a Newspaper Article in Seconds

Can you summarize newspaper article? Many students shoulder the responsibility of summarizing newspaper articles as part of their schoolwork. Newspaper…

Shortening Words: Tips for Effective & Improved Writing.

Shortening words is the process of cutting the beginning or end of a word from a longer word. It involves…

IMAGES

How to Write a Thesis Statement
How to Write a Basic Thesis Sentence
45 Perfect Thesis Statement Templates (+ Examples) ᐅ TemplateLab
PPT
How to Start a Summary Paragraph: 10 Steps (with Pictures)
How To Write Summary Of Article : What this handout is about

VIDEO

How to Summarize (with examples)
How to Write an Effective Thesis Statement for Your Essay
How to Write a STRONG Thesis Statement
How to Write a Summary
How to Write a Thesis Statement (Beginner)
How to Summarize (with examples)

COMMENTS

How to Write a Thesis Statement
A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why. The best thesis statements are: Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don't use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
How to Write a Thesis Summary
Elaborate a thesis statement. The thesis statement. is the most important part. This is a sentence usually placed at the beginning of the summary and it is aimed at clarifying the main research questions of your work. The thesis statement must be clear and concise. MA theses, but also PhD dissertations, usually concern very narrow topics.
How to Write a Summary
When to write a summary. Step 1: Read the text. Step 2: Break the text down into sections. Step 3: Identify the key points in each section. Step 4: Write the summary. Step 5: Check the summary against the article. Other interesting articles. Frequently asked questions about summarizing.
Thesis Summary
In that case, follow these steps to write a summary thesis: Summarize every paragraph in one sentence. Summarize the entire text in a single sentence. Write a single paragraph that starts with a sentence that summarizes the entire text followed by a paragraph of summary sentences. Rewrite and rearrange your paragraph to ensure that it's ...
Summary: Using it Wisely
You might use summary to provide background, set the stage, or illustrate supporting evidence, but keep it very brief: a few sentences should do the trick. Most of your paper should focus on your argument. (Our handout on argument will help you construct a good one.) Writing a summary of what you know about your topic before you start drafting ...
Thesis Statements
A thesis statement: tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself.
9.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement
A thesis is one sentence long and appears toward the end of your introduction. It is specific and focuses on one to three points of a single idea—points that are able to be demonstrated in the body. ... Remember that a thesis statement does not summarize an issue but rather dissects it. A Strong Thesis Statement. A strong thesis statement ...
How can we write a summary of a thesis?
Generally, the summary is about 200-350 words long, but you should verify this with your supervisor. Also, it generally follows an introduction-body-conclusion structure. Related reading: The basics of converting your PhD thesis into journal articles. Answered by Editage Insights on 13 Sep, 2017.
Academic Guide For Students How Write a Thesis Summary
Begin by taking notes on what you've learned from the text and organize them into one coherent paragraph. Make sure that this introduction doesn't contain the thesis' main points. Next, use these Main Points (identified in your thesis) as a guide for writing the rest of your thesis summary. Step 3: Proof it Out.
How to Write a Thesis Statement
How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One 1. A strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand. Remember that your thesis needs to show your conclusions about a subject. For example, if you are writing a paper for a class on fitness, you might be asked to choose a popular weight-loss product to evaluate. Here are two thesis statements:
Writing an article SUMMARY
Provide a thesis statement that states the main idea of the article. Body Paragraphs. Use the body paragraphs to explain the supporting ideas of your thesis statement. The number of paragraphs will depend on the length of the original article. One-paragraph summary - one sentence per supporting detail, providing 1-2 examples for each.
How to Summarize Your Research Findings in One Sentence
3. Use active voice and strong verbs. 4. Avoid jargon and technical terms. 5. Revise and refine your summary. 6. Here's what else to consider. Summarizing your research findings in one sentence ...
How to Write a Summary: Tips, Strategies and Best Practices
Main Point: Clearly state the main point or thesis of the text as you understand it. This sets the stage for the rest of your summary. Use Your Own Words: Avoid direct quotations; instead, paraphrase the author's main ideas in your own words to demonstrate your understanding and keep the summary original.
Summarizing the Thesis Statement
Summarizing the Thesis Statement. The thesis statement of any piece of writing, often in one sentence, will. Clearly communicate what will be discussed. Preview the purpose. Forecast the main organizing pattern. While some thesis statements are easy to plan, others require careful consideration of. scope, purpose, and audience.
Free AI Text Summarizer
100% free: Generate unlimited summaries without paying a penny Accurate: Get a reliable and trustworthy summary of your original text without any errors No signup: Use it without giving up any personal data Secure: No summary data is stored, guaranteeing your privacy Speed: Get an accurate summary within seconds, thanks to AI Flexible: Adjust summary length to get more (or less) detailed summaries
PDF How to Summarize a Research Article
A research article usually has seven major sections: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and References. The first thing you should do is to decide why you need to summarize the article. If the purpose of the summary is to take notes to later remind yourself about the article you may want to write a longer summary ...
How to Write a Summary
A thesis statement is a one-sentence synopsis of the author's argument and intention. A thesis statement can be really helpful in forming the backbone of your own summary, just as it forms the backbone of the essay. However, even when a thesis statement isn't present—like in a novel—the writer always has an objective or main idea.
How To Write a Summary: 5 Easy Steps
1. Read and take notes. First things first: Read or watch the original work you'll be summarizing. While you do, take brief pauses and explain to yourself what you just read or watched. As the main ideas start becoming clear to you, take notes. This will make the writing process easier. 2.
ENGL000: How to Summarize
Then write a one or two sentence summary for each group of related paragraphs. These sentences should reflect the main idea of each section clearly and accurately. Create an outline using the sentences you just wrote. First, write down the thesis. Then, list the main idea sentences for each section you identified, keeping them in the original ...
Writing a One-Sentence Summary
Tips: → Keep it simple. One plotline, 1 or 2 characters. → Use the strongest nouns, verbs and adjectives. → Make the conflict clear but you don't have to hint at the solution. In your one-sentence summary, try not to pitch a theme. Pitch what happens. Examples of themes (what not to do): This book explores forgiveness.
How to Write One Sentence Summary Effectively
Here are the five formulas to help you write unique a one-sentence summary: Claim + Reason (s) = Synopsis. Because of this recent study and my own experience, I believe this diet can help you lose weight…". 2. Writing a how-to article : Specific Subject + Reader Benefit = Summary.