memo education

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Sample Memo

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This handout will help you solve your memo-writing problems by discussing what a memo is, describing the parts of memos, and providing examples and explanations that will make your memos more effective.

TO: Kelly Anderson, Marketing Executive

FROM: Jonathon Fitzgerald, Market Research Assistant

DATE: June 14, 2007

SUBJECT: Fall Clothes Line Promotion

Market research and analysis show that the proposed advertising media for the new fall lines need to be reprioritized and changed. Findings from focus groups and surveys have made it apparent that we need to update our advertising efforts to align them with the styles and trends of young adults today. No longer are young adults interested in sitcoms as they watch reality televisions shows. Also, it has become increasingly important to use the internet as a tool to communicate with our target audience to show our dominance in the clothing industry.

Internet Advertising

XYZ Company needs to focus advertising on internet sites that appeal to young people. According to surveys, 72% of our target market uses the internet for five hours or more per week. The following list shows in order of popularity the most frequented sites:

Shifting our efforts from our other media sources such as radio and magazine to these popular internet sites will more effectively promote our product sales. Young adults are spending more and more time on the internet downloading music, communicating and researching for homework and less and less time reading paper magazines and listening to the radio. As the trend for cultural icons to go digital, so must our marketing plans.

Television Advertising

It used to be common to advertise for our products on shows like Friends and Seinfeld for our target audience, but even the face of television is changing. Young adults are tuning into reality television shows for their entertainment. Results from the focus group show that our target audience is most interested in shows like American Idol ,  The Apprentice , and America's Next Top Model . The only non-reality television show to be ranked in the top ten most commonly watched shows by males and females 18-25 is Desperate Housewives . At Blue Incorporated, we need to focus our advertising budget on reality television shows and reduce the amount of advertising spent on other programs.

By refocusing our advertising efforts of our new line of clothing we will be able to maximize the exposure of our product to our target market and therefore increase our sales. Tapping into the trends of young adults will help us gain market share and sales through effective advertising.

Attachments: Focus Group Results, January- May 2007; Survey Findings, January - April 2007

This is a sample memo; facts and statistics used are fictional.

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How to write a memo: 8 steps with examples

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What’s a memorandum?

How to write a business memo in 8 steps, when to write a memo, 5 examples of memos, unleashing the power of effective memos.

Whether you’re planning a meeting or working on a project with dozens of moving parts, effective communication is the key to success. 

But it’s hard to keep everyone in the loop all the time. You can’t always host a 1:1 meeting or talk to coworkers face-to-face when new information arises. Sometimes, all you need is a short notification that alerts everyone at the same time — and does so quickly.

Memos provide a streamlined channel for internal communication. In a short space, you can share vital information with clarity and impact. Here’s the step-by-step process of how to write a memo with specific examples, from crafting a compelling header to including action plans and timelines.

A memorandum, also known as a memo, is a concise written message that quickly and efficiently shares vital information. This could come in the form of an email, Slack announcement, or a piece of paper on a bulletin board, depending on the workplace.

A well-structured memo offers lots of information in a short space. It does everything from announcing changes in company policy to providing vital project updates, all without wasting readers’ time. Anyone can write an email, but memo-writing is a learned skill that takes time to truly perfect.

To create a succinct and comprehensive memo, formatting is key. Just like a professional email , every piece of information plays a role in making the memo easily digestible and actionable — from subject line to salutation . 

Here’s a step-by-step approach to ensure your messages are both effective and clear:

1. Start with a header

To set the stage, always start with a comprehensive header. The header should include the date and the general subject, along with who the memo is to and from. These elements offer context and ensure that readers quickly grasp the basic premise, aiding quick decision-making about the action they need to take.

2. Craft a clear objective statement

The first paragraph of your memo should directly express its purpose in an objective statement or problem statement . This not only helps the recipients understand the memo's relevance, but also ensures they grasp its intent swiftly.

Think of a cover letter . The first line is usually something like “I am writing to…” A memo should have the same clarity so readers immediately know what they’re looking at and why.

3. Provide a comprehensive body paragraph

The body of the memo is where you'll develop your main points, so it should be as comprehensive as possible despite the short space. Always start with critical details as early as possible, then move towards less significant but still pertinent information. 

To enhance readability, structure the body using bullet points or numbered lists. And remember to stay away from unnecessary jargon that may confuse your readers. A memo’s goal is brevity, so make sure it’s easy to understand.

4. Provide background information

If your memo references previous events, circumstances, or memos, include a brief background section. This provides context, orients your readers, and ties your current communication to past events or actions, offering a holistic understanding of the situation at hand.

5. Include action items and timelines

Memos often need to include a call to action that tells readers what to do next, whether that’s to acknowledge receipt or find a meeting room ASAP. Clearly define the steps they need to take, identify the parties responsible, and specify the deadlines for these tasks.

By doing so, you encourage accountability and create a shared understanding of expectations, fostering a more organized and efficient work environment .

6. Add a summary

If your memo tackles a complex issue or is particularly lengthy, add a short conclusion to summarize the most important points. In the absence of face-to-face cues, reiterating the main points through a brief summary reinforces the essential elements of your message, aiding comprehension.

7. Include your contact information

As hard as you may try, communication isn’t always clear. People might have questions about what to do next, and failing to provide a clear path toward those answers could add unnecessary hurdles. 

To avoid this, always add your contact information at the end of your memo, whether that’s your desk location or your Slack handle. This lets your colleagues reach out if they have questions or need further clarification on any points.

8. Add attachments if necessary

If you reference other documents, graphs, or materials, either attach them or provide accessible links. This ensures that your readers have all the resources at their disposal to fully understand and act upon the memo. Linking out also keeps you from adding too much information to the memo itself.

According to Gallup’s 2022 State of the Global Workplace Report, 41% of employees wish they could change their company’s engagement or culture . And communication falls into that category. Meetings, emails, and effective memos all support the interactions that uplift strong culture .

Knowing when to write a memo helps you choose the right type of communication for the situation and avoid information silos . Here are some scenarios where memos shine:

Inform about company policies or changes: If your organization is undergoing changes in policies, procedures, or strategies, a memo is an excellent way to update staff. It ensures uniform understanding and gives everyone the chance to ask questions as soon as possible, saving time and stunting the spread of misinformation.

Raise awareness about an issue: If a significant issue is impacting your organization's functioning, a memo brings it to everyone's attention. In this situation, a memo is also vital for overall engagement and the employee experience because it keeps people in the loop on important issues and reinforces the value of their contributions.

Provide updates on a project: Memos are a great tool for informing stakeholders about a project's progress, timeline adjustments, or resource requirements. Informing everyone of all the project's deadlines and ongoing developments prevents roadblocks and helps projects run smoothly.

Make a request: A memo effectively communicates formal requests, including those for resources, approvals, or feedback . By clearly articulating the reasons and potential benefits of your request, a memo acts as a persuasive tool for support or approval. It can also anticipate and address possible questions.

Recognize employee achievement: Memos are also a method for acknowledging outstanding employee performance a nd achievements like a promotion . This has the multipurpose effect of expressing recognition for hard work while emphasizing company values , boosting morale , and fostering a positive work environment.

To help you better visualize how to write a good memo, here are five memo examples for different situations:

1. Change in policy memo 

This example not only outlines changes in company policy, but also explains the reasons behind the change. It encourages questions and tells readers exactly where to go for more information, offering transparency and support.

To: [person or department name]

From: [person or department name]

Date: [insert date]

Subject: [subject] Policy Change

I'm writing to inform you of an important update regarding [policy]. Effective [date], we will be implementing changes to [specific details of the policy changes].

The purpose of this change is to [explain the rationale behind the change and its benefits]. We believe that these adjustments will contribute to [goal].

Please take the time to review the attached document outlining the updated policy in detail. Should you have any questions or concerns, feel free to reach out to [contact person or department].

Thank you for your attention to this matter.

Best regards,

2. Project update memo

An update memo keeps everyone informed about a project's progress, any changes to the original plan, or any challenges along the way. This ongoing communication helps preempt problems and ensures everyone is working towards the same goals.

Subject: [project name] Update

Here’s an update on the progress of [project name]. Here are the key developments since our last update:

• [a summary of tasks and milestones]
• [any challenges or issues and how they were resolved]
• [any adjustments to the project timeline or scope, if applicable]

Overall, we’re making steady progress and remain on track to meet our goals. Please stay vigilant and continue to give your best effort to ensure the successful completion of this project.

If you have any questions or need further clarification, please don't hesitate to reach out to me. Let's keep up the excellent work!

3. Issue alert memo

This type of memo raises awareness about a specific issue affecting the company, a department, or a specific project. Besides highlighting the problem, it may also suggest potential steps to address it, encouraging proactive problem-solving within the organization.

Subject: [subject] Issue

I'm writing to bring your attention to an issue with [subject]. It has come to our attention that [describe the issue and its impact on the company or employees].

We understand the potential challenges that this may pose and are actively working on resolving the situation. In the meantime, we encourage everyone to [provide any necessary instructions or precautions].

Rest assured that we’re taking this matter seriously, and we will keep you updated on any progress or further instructions. If you have any insights or suggestions related to this issue, please share them with [contact person or department].

Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.

4. Request memo 

A request memo formalizes a need for resources, feedback, or approval. By clearly outlining the reasons behind the request, you effectively communicate the need for these items and the impact they could have on the team.

Subject: [specific request]

Hi [person or department name],

I hope this message finds you well. I'm writing to formally request [specific request]. This is because [provide a concise explanation of the request, including its importance and potential benefits for the company].

I’ve attached a detailed proposal outlining the specifics of the request, including [details, supporting data, and relevant information]. 

Should you have any questions or require further information, please don't hesitate to reach out to me. I appreciate your attention.

5. Employee recognition memo

According to data from Gallup, employees who don’t experience enough recognition are twice as likely to say they’ll quit in the next year .

A memo is a quick way to give kudos and celebrate an employee's achievement or contribution to the company. Not only does it express appreciation for hard work , but it also boosts morale and fosters a healthy environment for everyone.

Subject: Quick kudos

Let’s all take a moment to appreciate [employee name] from [department/team]’s exceptional performance and dedication. They have consistently demonstrated [specific achievements, qualities, or contributions].

Their hard work and commitment to excellence have been truly remarkable and deserving of recognition. [employee name]’s efforts reflect positively on the entire team and contribute to our overall success as a company.

Please join me in congratulating [employee name] for their outstanding achievement. We appreciate their continued dedication and professionalism. Let's celebrate this milestone and continue to inspire and support one another in our respective roles.

Warmest congratulations once again!

Mastering how to write a memo is an essential skill in the corporate world because it lets you convey a message with clarity and simplicity.

Whether you're drafting a project update or learning how to write a memo to your boss, you can become a better communicator and break down silos. Never underestimate the power of a well-structured and purposeful memo.

Elizabeth Perry

Content Marketing Manager, ACC

How improving your concentration helps your memory

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The Marshall Memo, published 50 times a year since 2003, is designed to keep principals, teachers, instructional coaches, superintendents, and other PreK-12 educators well-informed on current research and best practices. Kim Marshall, drawing on his decades as a teacher, principal, central office administrator, consultant, and writer, lightens the load of busy educators by serving as their "designated reader." What Kim spends 20 hours creating each week, you can read in 20 minutes.

To produce the Marshall Memo, Kim subscribes to scores of carefully-chosen publications, and every Sunday reads through the 150 or so articles that arrived that week and selects 8-10 that have the greatest potential to improve teaching, leadership, and learning.

On Monday, Kim writes a brief summary of each selected article, provides e-links to full articles (if available), highlights a few compelling quotes, and by late evening starts the Memo sending to subscribers (it takes about 15 hours to reach everyone).

The rest of the week, Kim is in schools coaching principals, observing classrooms, consulting with school leaders, and giving presentations. This work is what keeps the Memo grounded in the real world of teaching and learning.

Kim gets invaluable support from his wife, Rhoda Schneider, who edits each issue with him Monday evening, improving the writing and providing thoughtful perspective, and from their son, Dave Marshall, and daughter, Lillie Marshall, both teachers, who are a constant source of suggestions, especially on helpful online resources. Joanne Bragalone, Kim's assistant, updates subscribers, manages the database, sends out reminders, and maintains high-quality customer service. And Mike Doughty reliably records a podcast of each week's Memo.

What do subscribers gain from reading or listening to the Memo? For one thing, they feel less guilty about not getting to all the accumulated journals and education blogs. More importantly, they tap into a rich vein of ideas and resources that can help them be more effective with colleagues and students. Some Memo summaries reaffirm what practitioners are already doing well; some boost an idea higher up the "to-do" list; and some are genuinely new and take people in a different direction. Reading the Memo provides top-notch professional development and keeps educators on the cutting edge.

While the Memo is copyrighted, subscribers are encouraged to clip and share selected articles with colleagues, sparking discussions on specific topics, or have an entire staff read a Memo summary "live" in a meeting and then discuss it in small groups or all together. 

Here is what four subscribers said about the Marshall Memo (see "What readers say" for additional quotes and recent Survey Monkey questionnaire results):

"Kim is brilliant at doing an accurate précis of dense material and delivering it in a highly readable package that arrives without fail every week."

"Exceptionally clear, succinct, yet comprehensive summaries of the articles that are most relevant."

"An extraordinary resource for the busy educator."

"There's no better way to be kept abreast of best practices and research than reading the informative and lively Marshall Memo."

In addition to receiving a new Memo each week, subscribers have password access to the Members' Area of this website, where it's easy to download back issues and search the archive by author, topic, title, keyword, headline, publication, or grade level (there are now more than 9,000 article summaries from the last 19 years). The podcast of each week's issue is also available to members in MP3 or YouTube format a few days after the online edition is sent.

For more information about the Marshall Memo, click on the links to the left.

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• Memo: Improving the teacher workforce

Pam Grossman

Susanna Loeb

Teachers are among our most valuable school resources for improving student learning. They are the adults who interact most with students, and we rely on teachers to deliver curriculum and instruction. The research evidence is clear that teachers have long-term effects on students’ later well-being, including on their academic achievement, how far they go in school, and their wages once working. One large study, for example, found that students assigned to particularly effective teachers in a single year were more likely to attend college (1.25 percent), earned higher salaries ($25,000 in cumulative lifetime income), and were less likely to have children as teenagers (1.25 percent).

Primary Research Area:

Topic areas:.

• Teacher Labor Markets , Teacher Quality

Education Level:

• Higher Education

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Policy Memos

Policy Memos are briefer and less formal than NEPC briefs. They may, for example, provide information such as a list of education experts, or offer a quick assessment of the merits of a particular policy proposal in the news, or provide a commentary on a topical subject. NEPC Policy Memos may be  blind peer reviewed .

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Charter Schools: Rending or Mending the Nation

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What Is Memo Writing In Business Communication?

The world of communication is changing rapidly. Digital communication through email, WhatsApp, Slack or Teams or text dominates offices across…

The world of communication is changing rapidly. Digital communication through email, WhatsApp, Slack or Teams or text dominates offices across the world today.

Whatever the medium, one thing remains unchanged: the office memo. Companies still use memos to communicate policies, procedures and other business-related information within an organization.

What is a memo? Quite simply, a memo is a tool for internal communication in the business world. It could be about something as insignificant as the cafeteria being shut for a few days or something significant like a change in an organizational structure.

What Is The Meaning Of Memo?

A memo, short for memorandum, is usually a small piece of written information used in business environments for interoffice communication. Its core purpose is to give instructions or serve as a reminder of events, actions or decisions. The primary motive behind memo writing is to broadcast information to a large group of people.

A few other ways in which memos are used are:

To recount an event or piece of information

To send a reminder

To pass or circulate information

To highlight an event

To keep an official record of anything

Now that you know what a memo is let’s dig deeper into the process of memo writing.

What Is Memo Writing?

Barbara Diggs-Brown, a communications expert from American University, says memos are most effective when they are  “short, concise, highly organized, and timely”.

In other words, memo writing should be clear and focused.  When writing a memo, get to the point quickly and don’t provide unnecessary details.

A memo shouldn’t confuse the reader. It should anticipate and answer any questions the reader may have. The tone of a memo is important. Try to keep it informal and friendly. As with any written communication in the workplace, double-check your memos for sensitive information before you forward them to others.

Here are a few handy tips that emphasize the do’s and don’ts of memo writing:

Before writing your memo, it’s a good idea to sit down and remind yourself of these steps:, write a draft: .

It’s always better to write a draft before you finalize your memo. You can always revisit your draft to add information you may have left out and rephrase your writing to make it more impactful.

Establish Your Purpose:

Memos should have a specific ‘takeaway’. Check your memo to see whether the purpose is established clearly. The takeaway also becomes the subject of the memo.

Define Your Audience: 

It’s always beneficial to know the readers you’re sending your memo to. This will help you determine the language and the tone of your memo and ensure sensitive information doesn’t reach the wrong people.

Use Bullet Points:  

Bullet points are a great way to ensure that the information is precise and effectively communicated. Large chunks of information can be broken down for quicker understanding by making a list.

Be Succinct: 

Lengthy memos can affect the overall readability and cause your readers to lose interest. An effective way to be concise in your memo writing is to ask yourself, “Can I write this more directly?”

The Don’ts:

We use memos to communicate different kinds of information. here are a few checks that will help you write a mindful memo:, avoid negative language : .

It’s best to avoid colloquial terms or slang words and keep the tone as objective as possible, especially when conveying something negative. For example, if you are providing feedback, you may want to avoid using sharp words in your memo.

Don’t Rush Your Memos :

Given its brevity and length, you might sometimes take the process of writing memos for granted. It’s always helpful to be on the safe side and proofread memos before sending them out. Review your memos and edit as necessary.

Memos In Business Communication

Every organization has formal and informal channels of communication. When employees informally communicate with each other, using or unofficial channels of communication, they may end up receiving information that’s baseless and untrue. This type of communication is called grapevine communication.

It’s characterized by rumor, gossip and speculation. Hearing something on the grapevine means that an employee has heard some piece of information that’s being passed around in unofficial channels. The grapevine has its advantages but it can also cause unnecessary tension in an organization as it can be misleading and untrue.

Take salary cuts, for example. There may be a rumor that there will be salary cuts in an organization. Before the news is officially confirmed by the top management, employees may start second-guessing their position in the company. Before you know it, some may jump to conclusions about departments shutting down or employee layoffs.

One powerful way of addressing this kind of troublesome speculation is to send a memo, explaining the imminent changes.

A memo in business communication is usually a short document circulated within an organization. Memo writing in businesses should maintain a succinct yet professional style because the intended readers are your peers.

The goal of a memo in business communication can be identifying a problem, proposing a solution or even stating some facts. Whatever the goal may be, your memo should be able to persuade your readers. Harappa Education’s  Writing Proficiently course can help you learn how you can structure your thoughts and write them clearly and impactfully. The GRT–Goal, Recipient, Tone–framework will help you present your key arguments objectively and compellingly.

Tips For Writing Effective Business Memos

To make your memos in business communication more direct and easier to understand, you can use these five strategies:

Present The Main Point:

One of the most important things to remember in memo writing is to structure the content around the main point you’re trying to make. Your readers should be able to recognize the intent of the memo easily.

For example, your manager wants to learn about the drawbacks of a new initiative. You write a memo with your points. It should state all the technical or operational problems of the new initiative objectively. ( stomadentlab.com ) You don’t need to justify your points or provide solutions in the memo.

Write In A Straightforward Style:  

Different situations require different styles of memo formats. One of the standard approaches is to maintain a professional style and write objectively and directly. Use short sentences in an active voice to keep your readers engaged. Maintain a positive and neutral tone to convey sensitive information delicately.

Have A Subject Line:  

The subject of a memo is normally stated in the subject line. A subject line acts as a handy reference for readers who want to know what the memo is about at a glance. The subject line of your memo should indicate the purpose of your memo. For example, let’s say you’re organizing a field trip for your team and drafting a memo saying that everybody is supposed to carry a few essential work items with them. Your subject line could be ‘Essentials for the field trip to JNC’.

Provide A Summary If Needed:  

Memos can be used to provide summarized versions of long business reports. For example, if your team leader asks for a summarized report of all the expenditures during the last quarter, you can use a memo format to highlight all the necessary details. This will help you provide an overview or summary in a precise manner. Present your points in separate paragraphs and limit each paragraph to five to six lines. This further helps your readers to skim important details more efficiently.

Format It To Increase Its Readability:  

In addition to writing your memos in a specific format, include necessary headings and titles. Headings are an effective way of providing a quick overview of all the major topics that your memo covers. The proper use of formatting elements like white space, bullet points, proper indentations and variations in fonts and text sizes is a nice touch.

Structure Your Memos:  

Remember that most memos have a standard structure at their core. Some of the elements that should be a part of your business-memos are:

An Addressee:

Write the name of the people you’re sending the memo to near the top of the page.

Place your name immediately below the addressee list.

The date of sending the memo should be placed immediately below the sender’s name, which is your name.

This should be placed immediately below the date and should indicate what the memo is about.

Beginning, Middle And End:  

Have a strong beginning, a concise body and a brief conclusion. Try to introduce your problem statement or solution at the beginning itself.

The closing of a memo can be as simple as a signature line. It can include your contact details. However, a closing line isn’t necessary and you may use it at your discretion.

Writing effective memos can bridge the gap between confusion and clarity in your business communication. Stand out at your workplace by using this simple yet effective communication tool to communicate effectively. Sign up for Harappa’s Writing Proficiently course to hone your communications skills for workplace success.

Explore our Harappa Diaries section to know more about topics & skills related to the Communicate habit such as  Interpersonal Skills ,  Personality Development ,  Process of Communication ,  What is Report Writing ,  Writing Skills  and  Self Introduction .

Mustafa Suleyman, DeepMind and Inflection Co-founder, joins Microsoft to lead Copilot

Mar 19, 2024 | Microsoft Corporate Blogs

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Satya Nadella, Chief Executive Officer, shared the below communication today with Microsoft employees.

I want to share an exciting and important organizational update today. We are in Year 2 of the AI platform shift and must ensure we have the capability and capacity to boldly innovate.

There is no franchise value in our industry and the work and product innovation we drive at this moment will define the next decade and beyond. Let us use this opportunity to build world-class AI products, like Copilot, that are loved by end-users! This is about science, engineering, product, and design coming together and embracing a learning mindset to push our innovation culture and product building process forward in fundamental ways.

In that context, I’m very excited to announce that Mustafa Suleyman and Karén Simonyan are joining Microsoft to form a new organization called Microsoft AI, focused on advancing Copilot and our other consumer AI products and research.

Mustafa will be EVP and CEO, Microsoft AI, and joins the senior leadership team (SLT), reporting to me. Karén is joining this group as Chief Scientist, reporting to Mustafa. I’ve known Mustafa for several years and have greatly admired him as a founder of both DeepMind and Inflection, and as a visionary, product maker, and builder of pioneering teams that go after bold missions.

Karén, a Co-founder and Chief Scientist of Inflection, is a renowned AI researcher and thought leader, who has led the development of some of the biggest AI breakthroughs over the past decade including AlphaZero.

Several members of the Inflection team have chosen to join Mustafa and Karén at Microsoft. They include some of the most accomplished AI engineers, researchers, and builders in the world. They have designed, led, launched, and co-authored many of the most important contributions in advancing AI over the last five years. I am excited for them to contribute their knowledge, talent, and expertise to our consumer AI research and product making.

At our core, we have always been a platform and partner-led company, and we’ll continue to bring that sensibility to all we do. Our AI innovation continues to build on our most strategic and important partnership with OpenAI. We will continue to build AI infrastructure inclusive of custom systems and silicon work in support of OpenAI’s foundation model roadmap, and also innovate and build products on top of their foundation models. And today’s announcement further reinforces our partnership construct and principles.

As part of this transition, Mikhail Parakhin and his entire team, including Copilot, Bing, and Edge; and Misha Bilenko and the GenAI team will move to report to Mustafa. These teams are at the vanguard of innovation at Microsoft, bringing a new entrant energy and ethos, to a changing consumer product landscape driven by the AI platform shift. These organizational changes will help us double down on this innovation.

Kevin Scott continues as CTO and EVP of AI, responsible for all-up AI strategy, including all system architecture decisions, partnerships, and cross-company orchestration. Kevin was the first person I leaned on to help us manage our transformation to an AI-first company and I’ll continue to lean on him to ensure that our AI strategy and initiatives are coherent across the breadth of Microsoft.

Rajesh Jha continues as EVP of Experiences & Devices and I’m grateful for his leadership as he continues to build out Copilot for Microsoft 365, partnering closely with Mustafa and team.

There are no other changes to the senior leadership team or other organizations.

We have been operating with speed and intensity and this infusion of new talent will enable us to accelerate our pace yet again.

We have a real shot to build technology that was once thought impossible and that lives up to our mission to ensure the benefits of AI reach every person and organization on the planet, safely and responsibly. I’m looking forward to doing so with you.

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Memos to the president on the future of U.S. education policy

Subscribe to the brown center on education policy newsletter, michael hansen and michael hansen senior fellow - brown center on education policy , the herman and george r. brown chair - governance studies @drmikehansen jon valant jon valant director - brown center on education policy , senior fellow - governance studies @jonvalant.

January 4, 2017

For the next two-and-a-half weeks, the Chalkboard will feature special content as part of our series, “Memos to the president on the future of U.S. education policy.” We started this work several months ago, along with four project co-chairs, with the hope of informing broad questions about the appropriate federal role in education policymaking and specific questions of what federal policymakers should do. 

We were motivated to undertake this task by last year’s enactment of the Every Student Succeeds Act and the upcoming inauguration of a new president. In this context of a changing federal role in education, we felt that detailed directives promoting effective federal policies would make valuable contributions to vigorous public debate.

Today, we are releasing the first product of that series. The project co-chairs—Douglas Harris, Helen Ladd, Marshall Smith, and Martin West—identified a set of principles to guide the federal government’s role in education policymaking. They present these principles, along with their historical grounding and context, in the new Brown Center report, A Principled Federal Role in PreK-12 Education .

This report on the federal role in education provides a foundation for the next part of the series: 12 policy memos from leading experts with recommendations for federal policymakers. We will release one memo on each business day from Thursday, December 8, through Friday, December 23. Each memo will take an issue facing PK-12 education, describe the current state of the issue (and the state of federal policy on that issue), and present specific policy recommendations to the incoming presidential administration grounded in current research.

We asked the memo writers not to cater their recommendations to a particular candidate, or president, but rather to present what they believe would be sound federal policy in their respective areas based on their knowledge of research on the topic, along with their insights and experiences. We hope these memos will be immediately useful to the Trump administration and the incoming secretary of education. We hope they will also be useful to others who work in education policy, whether at the federal level or not, as well as to subsequent administrations.

Of course, there are far more than 12 important issues in PreK-12 education today, and any series like this is bound to feel incomplete. In choosing which topics to cover, we prioritized issues with an important federal role and the potential for new federal policy during the coming administration. Our focus on the federal role turned us away from some topics—like the Common Core State Standards and charter schools—that rightly receive a great deal of attention but are fundamentally state or local issues. This series does not explicitly focus on topics in higher education, as we will leave that for a subsequent series, although a few memos in this series address issues beyond grade 12.

Our release schedule is as follows (and this page will be updated with links):

On the afternoon of Wednesday, January 4, we will host a public release event at Brookings (in Washington, DC) to discuss the federal role in PK-12 education.  We will provide additional details through the Brown Center newsletter as they become available.

Having spent many days over the past few months talking with—and reading the work of—an extraordinary group of co-chairs and memo authors, we thought we would close with a couple of reflections.

• First, we have been struck by the interconnectedness of these issues. For example, the country’s success in serving students’ comprehensive needs has clear implications for civil rights and students with special needs. Its success in producing high-quality, timely research has immediate implications for policies related to teachers, school finance, and early childhood. Each memo is valuable as a standalone product—and aims to be useful to a reader who reads only that memo—but reading across the Principles report and memos reveals an additional layer of richness and additional set of opportunities.
• Second, we have been heartened to see experts of different political backgrounds find substantive areas of agreement. The co-chair team, in particular, tackled an unambiguously political question—about the appropriate federal role in education—as a group that has advised and served both Democratic and Republican administrations. While months of phone conversations and back-and-forth with document drafts unearthed some policy disagreements, the co-chairs were able to localize those disagreements and find agreement on their core questions. Moreover, in the policy memos, we saw many ideas that were either fundamentally apolitical or had elements that align with both Democratic and Republican principles. This includes, for example, Bob Schwartz’s insightful comments about ESEA’s focus on elementary rather than secondary education (making “ESEA” a misnomer), as well as proposals for child care tax credits as a strategy to improve access to high-quality care. Even in a time of hyper-partisanship, we see opportunities for education policymakers of different political parties to find more than enough agreement to tackle many of the challenges covered in this series.

We hope you will enjoy the series as it unfolds on the Chalkboard and that you will join us in January for the release event.

Early Childhood Education Education Policy K-12 Education

Governance Studies

Brown Center on Education Policy

William A. Galston, Jon Valant, Chinasa T. Okolo, E.J. Dionne, Jr., Bill Baer

March 6, 2024

Jennifer Wyatt Bourgeois, Howard Henderson

November 28, 2023

Beth Schueler, Melissa Arnold Lyon, Joshua Bleiberg

October 24, 2023

Wyoming Department of Education

Wyoming Department of Education 122 W. 25th St, Ste E200 Cheyenne, WY 82002 307-777-7675

03-25-2024 Virtual Education Program Application and Renewal

School districts intending to offer a regular virtual education program, including part-time virtual education classes, during the 2024–25 school year must complete the application and renewal process by July 31. To ensure eligibility to apply for the 2024–25 Distance Education Grant, applications must be received by May 10. 

Follow the below steps to complete the process

• Submit the virtual education Application & Renewal Form . 
• Submit a signed Program Assurance Statement . 
• If the proposed program is full-time, submit a signed Curriculum Assurance and  copy of the 2024–25 student and parent handbook.
• School districts without 2023–24 approved virtual education programs will need to submit a completed Application Narrative .

The 2024–25 virtual education course offerings will be submitted through the WDE638 WISE Course Inventory data collection, which opens July 1. Both the Application & Renewal Forms and the WDE638 data collection must be submitted by July 31. 

Visit the Virtual 307 policy page for program details, Chapter 41 Virtual Education Rules, and application and renewal forms.

For more information, contact Lori Thilmany, Virtual Education Program Manager, at 307-777-7418 or [email protected] .  

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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Category : Education City (Moscow Metro train)

Media in category "education city (moscow metro train)".

The following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total.

• Named trains 81-717/714 of Moscow Metro
• Former named trains of Moscow Metro
• 81-717/714 on Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line

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First refuelling for Russia’s Akademik Lomonosov floating NPP

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The FNPP includes two KLT-40S reactor units. In such reactors, nuclear fuel is not replaced in the same way as in standard NPPs – partial replacement of fuel once every 12-18 months. Instead, once every few years the entire reactor core is replaced with and a full load of fresh fuel.

The KLT-40S reactor cores have a number of advantages compared with standard NPPs. For the first time, a cassette core was used, which made it possible to increase the fuel cycle to 3-3.5 years before refuelling, and also reduce by one and a half times the fuel component in the cost of the electricity produced. The operating experience of the FNPP provided the basis for the design of the new series of nuclear icebreaker reactors (series 22220). Currently, three such icebreakers have been launched.

The Akademik Lomonosov was connected to the power grid in December 2019, and put into commercial operation in May 2020.

Electricity generation from the FNPP at the end of 2023 amounted to 194 GWh. The population of Pevek is just over 4,000 people. However, the plant can potentially provide electricity to a city with a population of up to 100,000. The FNPP solved two problems. Firstly, it replaced the retiring capacities of the Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant, which has been operating since 1974, as well as the Chaunskaya Thermal Power Plant, which is more than 70 years old. It also supplies power to the main mining enterprises located in western Chukotka. In September, a 490 km 110 kilovolt power transmission line was put into operation connecting Pevek and Bilibino.

Image courtesy of TVEL

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