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What is a thesis | A Complete Guide with Examples

A thesis is a comprehensive academic paper based on your original research that presents new findings, arguments, and ideas of your study. It’s typically submitted at the end of your master’s degree or as a capstone of your bachelor’s degree.

However, writing a thesis can be laborious, especially for beginners. From the initial challenge of pinpointing a compelling research topic to organizing and presenting findings, the process is filled with potential pitfalls.

Therefore, to help you, this guide talks about what is a thesis. Additionally, it offers revelations and methodologies to transform it from an overwhelming task to a manageable and rewarding academic milestone.

What is a thesis?

A thesis is an in-depth research study that identifies a particular topic of inquiry and presents a clear argument or perspective about that topic using evidence and logic.

Writing a thesis showcases your ability of critical thinking, gathering evidence, and making a compelling argument. Integral to these competencies is thorough research, which not only fortifies your propositions but also confers credibility to your entire study.

Furthermore, there's another phenomenon you might often confuse with the thesis: the ' working thesis .' However, they aren't similar and shouldn't be used interchangeably.

A working thesis, often referred to as a preliminary or tentative thesis, is an initial version of your thesis statement. It serves as a draft or a starting point that guides your research in its early stages.

As you research more and gather more evidence, your initial thesis (aka working thesis) might change. It's like a starting point that can be adjusted as you learn more. It's normal for your main topic to change a few times before you finalize it.

While a thesis identifies and provides an overarching argument, the key to clearly communicating the central point of that argument lies in writing a strong thesis statement.

What is a thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement (aka thesis sentence) is a concise summary of the main argument or claim of the paper. It serves as a critical anchor in any academic work, succinctly encapsulating the primary argument or main idea of the entire paper.

Typically found within the introductory section, a strong thesis statement acts as a roadmap of your thesis, directing readers through your arguments and findings. By delineating the core focus of your investigation, it offers readers an immediate understanding of the context and the gravity of your study.

Furthermore, an effectively crafted thesis statement can set forth the boundaries of your research, helping readers anticipate the specific areas of inquiry you are addressing.

Different types of thesis statements

A good thesis statement is clear, specific, and arguable. Therefore, it is necessary for you to choose the right type of thesis statement for your academic papers.

Thesis statements can be classified based on their purpose and structure. Here are the primary types of thesis statements:

Argumentative (or Persuasive) thesis statement

Purpose : To convince the reader of a particular stance or point of view by presenting evidence and formulating a compelling argument.

Example : Reducing plastic use in daily life is essential for environmental health.

Analytical thesis statement

Purpose : To break down an idea or issue into its components and evaluate it.

Example : By examining the long-term effects, social implications, and economic impact of climate change, it becomes evident that immediate global action is necessary.

Expository (or Descriptive) thesis statement

Purpose : To explain a topic or subject to the reader.

Example : The Great Depression, spanning the 1930s, was a severe worldwide economic downturn triggered by a stock market crash, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending.

Cause and effect thesis statement

Purpose : To demonstrate a cause and its resulting effect.

Example : Overuse of smartphones can lead to impaired sleep patterns, reduced face-to-face social interactions, and increased levels of anxiety.

Compare and contrast thesis statement

Purpose : To highlight similarities and differences between two subjects.

Example : "While both novels '1984' and 'Brave New World' delve into dystopian futures, they differ in their portrayal of individual freedom, societal control, and the role of technology."

When you write a thesis statement , it's important to ensure clarity and precision, so the reader immediately understands the central focus of your work.

What is the difference between a thesis and a thesis statement?

While both terms are frequently used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings.

A thesis refers to the entire research document, encompassing all its chapters and sections. In contrast, a thesis statement is a brief assertion that encapsulates the central argument of the research.

Here’s an in-depth differentiation table of a thesis and a thesis statement.

Now, to craft a compelling thesis, it's crucial to adhere to a specific structure. Let’s break down these essential components that make up a thesis structure

15 components of a thesis structure

Navigating a thesis can be daunting. However, understanding its structure can make the process more manageable.

Here are the key components or different sections of a thesis structure:

Your thesis begins with the title page. It's not just a formality but the gateway to your research.

Here, you'll prominently display the necessary information about you (the author) and your institutional details.

Title of your thesis
Your full name
Your department
Your institution and degree program
Your submission date
Your Supervisor's name (in some cases)
Your Department or faculty (in some cases)
Your University's logo (in some cases)
Your Student ID (in some cases)

In a concise manner, you'll have to summarize the critical aspects of your research in typically no more than 200-300 words.

This includes the problem statement, methodology, key findings, and conclusions. For many, the abstract will determine if they delve deeper into your work, so ensure it's clear and compelling.

Acknowledgments

Research is rarely a solitary endeavor. In the acknowledgments section, you have the chance to express gratitude to those who've supported your journey.

This might include advisors, peers, institutions, or even personal sources of inspiration and support. It's a personal touch, reflecting the humanity behind the academic rigor.

A roadmap for your readers, the table of contents lists the chapters, sections, and subsections of your thesis.

By providing page numbers, you allow readers to navigate your work easily, jumping to sections that pique their interest.

List of figures and tables

Research often involves data, and presenting this data visually can enhance understanding. This section provides an organized listing of all figures and tables in your thesis.

It's a visual index, ensuring that readers can quickly locate and reference your graphical data.

Introduction

Here's where you introduce your research topic, articulate the research question or objective, and outline the significance of your study.

Present the research topic : Clearly articulate the central theme or subject of your research.
Background information : Ground your research topic, providing any necessary context or background information your readers might need to understand the significance of your study.
Define the scope : Clearly delineate the boundaries of your research, indicating what will and won't be covered.
Literature review : Introduce any relevant existing research on your topic, situating your work within the broader academic conversation and highlighting where your research fits in.
State the research Question(s) or objective(s) : Clearly articulate the primary questions or objectives your research aims to address.
Outline the study's structure : Give a brief overview of how the subsequent sections of your work will unfold, guiding your readers through the journey ahead.

The introduction should captivate your readers, making them eager to delve deeper into your research journey.

Literature review section

Your study correlates with existing research. Therefore, in the literature review section, you'll engage in a dialogue with existing knowledge, highlighting relevant studies, theories, and findings.

It's here that you identify gaps in the current knowledge, positioning your research as a bridge to new insights.

To streamline this process, consider leveraging AI tools. For example, the SciSpace literature review tool enables you to efficiently explore and delve into research papers, simplifying your literature review journey.

Methodology

In the research methodology section, you’ll detail the tools, techniques, and processes you employed to gather and analyze data. This section will inform the readers about how you approached your research questions and ensures the reproducibility of your study.

Here's a breakdown of what it should encompass:

Research Design : Describe the overall structure and approach of your research. Are you conducting a qualitative study with in-depth interviews? Or is it a quantitative study using statistical analysis? Perhaps it's a mixed-methods approach?
Data Collection : Detail the methods you used to gather data. This could include surveys, experiments, observations, interviews, archival research, etc. Mention where you sourced your data, the duration of data collection, and any tools or instruments used.
Sampling : If applicable, explain how you selected participants or data sources for your study. Discuss the size of your sample and the rationale behind choosing it.
Data Analysis : Describe the techniques and tools you used to process and analyze the data. This could range from statistical tests in quantitative research to thematic analysis in qualitative research.
Validity and Reliability : Address the steps you took to ensure the validity and reliability of your findings to ensure that your results are both accurate and consistent.
Ethical Considerations : Highlight any ethical issues related to your research and the measures you took to address them, including — informed consent, confidentiality, and data storage and protection measures.

Moreover, different research questions necessitate different types of methodologies. For instance:

Experimental methodology : Often used in sciences, this involves a controlled experiment to discern causality.
Qualitative methodology : Employed when exploring patterns or phenomena without numerical data. Methods can include interviews, focus groups, or content analysis.
Quantitative methodology : Concerned with measurable data and often involves statistical analysis. Surveys and structured observations are common tools here.
Mixed methods : As the name implies, this combines both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.

The Methodology section isn’t just about detailing the methods but also justifying why they were chosen. The appropriateness of the methods in addressing your research question can significantly impact the credibility of your findings.

Results (or Findings)

This section presents the outcomes of your research. It's crucial to note that the nature of your results may vary; they could be quantitative, qualitative, or a mix of both.

Quantitative results often present statistical data, showcasing measurable outcomes, and they benefit from tables, graphs, and figures to depict these data points.

Qualitative results , on the other hand, might delve into patterns, themes, or narratives derived from non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations.

Regardless of the nature of your results, clarity is essential. This section is purely about presenting the data without offering interpretations — that comes later in the discussion.

In the discussion section, the raw data transforms into valuable insights.

Start by revisiting your research question and contrast it with the findings. How do your results expand, constrict, or challenge current academic conversations?

Dive into the intricacies of the data, guiding the reader through its implications. Detail potential limitations transparently, signaling your awareness of the research's boundaries. This is where your academic voice should be resonant and confident.

Practical implications (Recommendation) section

Based on the insights derived from your research, this section provides actionable suggestions or proposed solutions.

Whether aimed at industry professionals or the general public, recommendations translate your academic findings into potential real-world actions. They help readers understand the practical implications of your work and how it can be applied to effect change or improvement in a given field.

When crafting recommendations, it's essential to ensure they're feasible and rooted in the evidence provided by your research. They shouldn't merely be aspirational but should offer a clear path forward, grounded in your findings.

The conclusion provides closure to your research narrative.

It's not merely a recap but a synthesis of your main findings and their broader implications. Reconnect with the research questions or hypotheses posited at the beginning, offering clear answers based on your findings.

Reflect on the broader contributions of your study, considering its impact on the academic community and potential real-world applications.

Lastly, the conclusion should leave your readers with a clear understanding of the value and impact of your study.

References (or Bibliography)

Every theory you've expounded upon, every data point you've cited, and every methodological precedent you've followed finds its acknowledgment here.

In references, it's crucial to ensure meticulous consistency in formatting, mirroring the specific guidelines of the chosen citation style .

Proper referencing helps to avoid plagiarism , gives credit to original ideas, and allows readers to explore topics of interest. Moreover, it situates your work within the continuum of academic knowledge.

To properly cite the sources used in the study, you can rely on online citation generator tools to generate accurate citations!

Here’s more on how you can cite your sources.

Often, the depth of research produces a wealth of material that, while crucial, can make the core content of the thesis cumbersome. The appendix is where you mention extra information that supports your research but isn't central to the main text.

Whether it's raw datasets, detailed procedural methodologies, extended case studies, or any other ancillary material, the appendices ensure that these elements are archived for reference without breaking the main narrative's flow.

For thorough researchers and readers keen on meticulous details, the appendices provide a treasure trove of insights.

Glossary (optional)

In academics, specialized terminologies, and jargon are inevitable. However, not every reader is versed in every term.

The glossary, while optional, is a critical tool for accessibility. It's a bridge ensuring that even readers from outside the discipline can access, understand, and appreciate your work.

By defining complex terms and providing context, you're inviting a wider audience to engage with your research, enhancing its reach and impact.

Remember, while these components provide a structured framework, the essence of your thesis lies in the originality of your ideas, the rigor of your research, and the clarity of your presentation.

As you craft each section, keep your readers in mind, ensuring that your passion and dedication shine through every page.

Thesis examples

To further elucidate the concept of a thesis, here are illustrative examples from various fields:

Example 1 (History): Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807 by Suchait Kahlon.

Example 2 (Climate Dynamics): Influence of external forcings on abrupt millennial-scale climate changes: a statistical modelling study by Takahito Mitsui · Michel Crucifix

Checklist for your thesis evaluation

Evaluating your thesis ensures that your research meets the standards of academia. Here's an elaborate checklist to guide you through this critical process.

Content and structure

Is the thesis statement clear, concise, and debatable?
Does the introduction provide sufficient background and context?
Is the literature review comprehensive, relevant, and well-organized?
Does the methodology section clearly describe and justify the research methods?
Are the results/findings presented clearly and logically?
Does the discussion interpret the results in light of the research question and existing literature?
Is the conclusion summarizing the research and suggesting future directions or implications?

Clarity and coherence

Is the writing clear and free of jargon?
Are ideas and sections logically connected and flowing?
Is there a clear narrative or argument throughout the thesis?

Research quality

Is the research question significant and relevant?
Are the research methods appropriate for the question?
Is the sample size (if applicable) adequate?
Are the data analysis techniques appropriate and correctly applied?
Are potential biases or limitations addressed?

Originality and significance

Does the thesis contribute new knowledge or insights to the field?
Is the research grounded in existing literature while offering fresh perspectives?

Formatting and presentation

Is the thesis formatted according to institutional guidelines?
Are figures, tables, and charts clear, labeled, and referenced in the text?
Is the bibliography or reference list complete and consistently formatted?
Are appendices relevant and appropriately referenced in the main text?

Grammar and language

Is the thesis free of grammatical and spelling errors?
Is the language professional, consistent, and appropriate for an academic audience?
Are quotations and paraphrased material correctly cited?

Feedback and revision

Have you sought feedback from peers, advisors, or experts in the field?
Have you addressed the feedback and made the necessary revisions?

Overall assessment

Does the thesis as a whole feel cohesive and comprehensive?
Would the thesis be understandable and valuable to someone in your field?

Ensure to use this checklist to leave no ground for doubt or missed information in your thesis.

After writing your thesis, the next step is to discuss and defend your findings verbally in front of a knowledgeable panel. You’ve to be well prepared as your professors may grade your presentation abilities.

Preparing your thesis defense

A thesis defense, also known as "defending the thesis," is the culmination of a scholar's research journey. It's the final frontier, where you’ll present their findings and face scrutiny from a panel of experts.

Typically, the defense involves a public presentation where you’ll have to outline your study, followed by a question-and-answer session with a committee of experts. This committee assesses the validity, originality, and significance of the research.

The defense serves as a rite of passage for scholars. It's an opportunity to showcase expertise, address criticisms, and refine arguments. A successful defense not only validates the research but also establishes your authority as a researcher in your field.

Here’s how you can effectively prepare for your thesis defense .

Now, having touched upon the process of defending a thesis, it's worth noting that scholarly work can take various forms, depending on academic and regional practices.

One such form, often paralleled with the thesis, is the 'dissertation.' But what differentiates the two?

Dissertation vs. Thesis

Often used interchangeably in casual discourse, they refer to distinct research projects undertaken at different levels of higher education.

To the uninitiated, understanding their meaning might be elusive. So, let's demystify these terms and delve into their core differences.

Here's a table differentiating between the two.

Wrapping up

From understanding the foundational concept of a thesis to navigating its various components, differentiating it from a dissertation, and recognizing the importance of proper citation — this guide covers it all.

As scholars and readers, understanding these nuances not only aids in academic pursuits but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the relentless quest for knowledge that drives academia.

It’s important to remember that every thesis is a testament to curiosity, dedication, and the indomitable spirit of discovery.

Good luck with your thesis writing!

Frequently Asked Questions

A thesis typically ranges between 40-80 pages, but its length can vary based on the research topic, institution guidelines, and level of study.

A PhD thesis usually spans 200-300 pages, though this can vary based on the discipline, complexity of the research, and institutional requirements.

To identify a thesis topic, consider current trends in your field, gaps in existing literature, personal interests, and discussions with advisors or mentors. Additionally, reviewing related journals and conference proceedings can provide insights into potential areas of exploration.

The conceptual framework is often situated in the literature review or theoretical framework section of a thesis. It helps set the stage by providing the context, defining key concepts, and explaining the relationships between variables.

A thesis statement should be concise, clear, and specific. It should state the main argument or point of your research. Start by pinpointing the central question or issue your research addresses, then condense that into a single statement, ensuring it reflects the essence of your paper.

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Thesis and Purpose Statements

Use the guidelines below to learn the differences between thesis and purpose statements.

In the first stages of writing, thesis or purpose statements are usually rough or ill-formed and are useful primarily as planning tools.

A thesis statement or purpose statement will emerge as you think and write about a topic. The statement can be restricted or clarified and eventually worked into an introduction.

As you revise your paper, try to phrase your thesis or purpose statement in a precise way so that it matches the content and organization of your paper.

Thesis statements

A thesis statement is a sentence that makes an assertion about a topic and predicts how the topic will be developed. It does not simply announce a topic: it says something about the topic.

Good: X has made a significant impact on the teenage population due to its . . . Bad: In this paper, I will discuss X.

A thesis statement makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of the paper. It summarizes the conclusions that the writer has reached about the topic.

A thesis statement is generally located near the end of the introduction. Sometimes in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or an entire paragraph.

A thesis statement is focused and specific enough to be proven within the boundaries of the paper. Key words (nouns and verbs) should be specific, accurate, and indicative of the range of research, thrust of the argument or analysis, and the organization of supporting information.

Purpose statements

A purpose statement announces the purpose, scope, and direction of the paper. It tells the reader what to expect in a paper and what the specific focus will be.

Common beginnings include:

“This paper examines . . .,” “The aim of this paper is to . . .,” and “The purpose of this essay is to . . .”

A purpose statement makes a promise to the reader about the development of the argument but does not preview the particular conclusions that the writer has drawn.

A purpose statement usually appears toward the end of the introduction. The purpose statement may be expressed in several sentences or even an entire paragraph.

A purpose statement is specific enough to satisfy the requirements of the assignment. Purpose statements are common in research papers in some academic disciplines, while in other disciplines they are considered too blunt or direct. If you are unsure about using a purpose statement, ask your instructor.

This paper will examine the ecological destruction of the Sahel preceding the drought and the causes of this disintegration of the land. The focus will be on the economic, political, and social relationships which brought about the environmental problems in the Sahel.

Sample purpose and thesis statements

The following example combines a purpose statement and a thesis statement (bold).

The goal of this paper is to examine the effects of Chile’s agrarian reform on the lives of rural peasants. The nature of the topic dictates the use of both a chronological and a comparative analysis of peasant lives at various points during the reform period. . . The Chilean reform example provides evidence that land distribution is an essential component of both the improvement of peasant conditions and the development of a democratic society. More extensive and enduring reforms would likely have allowed Chile the opportunity to further expand these horizons.

For more tips about writing thesis statements, take a look at our new handout on Developing a Thesis Statement.

Writing Process and Structure

This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels.

Getting Started with Your Paper

Interpreting Writing Assignments from Your Courses

Generating Ideas for Your Paper

Creating an Argument

Thesis vs. Purpose Statements

Developing a Thesis Statement

Architecture of Arguments

Working with Sources

Quoting and Paraphrasing Sources

Using Literary Quotations

Citing Sources in Your Paper

Drafting Your Paper

Introductions

Paragraphing

Developing Strategic Transitions

Conclusions

Revising Your Paper

Peer Reviews

Reverse Outlines

Revising an Argumentative Paper

Revision Strategies for Longer Projects

Finishing Your Paper

Twelve Common Errors: An Editing Checklist

How to Proofread your Paper

Writing Collaboratively

Collaborative and Group Writing

The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
makes a claim that others might dispute.
is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

Do I answer the question? Yes!
Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Home » Thesis – Structure, Example and Writing Guide

Thesis – Structure, Example and Writing Guide

Table of contents.

Definition:

Thesis is a scholarly document that presents a student’s original research and findings on a particular topic or question. It is usually written as a requirement for a graduate degree program and is intended to demonstrate the student’s mastery of the subject matter and their ability to conduct independent research.

History of Thesis

The concept of a thesis can be traced back to ancient Greece, where it was used as a way for students to demonstrate their knowledge of a particular subject. However, the modern form of the thesis as a scholarly document used to earn a degree is a relatively recent development.

The origin of the modern thesis can be traced back to medieval universities in Europe. During this time, students were required to present a “disputation” in which they would defend a particular thesis in front of their peers and faculty members. These disputations served as a way to demonstrate the student’s mastery of the subject matter and were often the final requirement for earning a degree.

In the 17th century, the concept of the thesis was formalized further with the creation of the modern research university. Students were now required to complete a research project and present their findings in a written document, which would serve as the basis for their degree.

The modern thesis as we know it today has evolved over time, with different disciplines and institutions adopting their own standards and formats. However, the basic elements of a thesis – original research, a clear research question, a thorough review of the literature, and a well-argued conclusion – remain the same.

Structure of Thesis

The structure of a thesis may vary slightly depending on the specific requirements of the institution, department, or field of study, but generally, it follows a specific format.

Here’s a breakdown of the structure of a thesis:

This is the first page of the thesis that includes the title of the thesis, the name of the author, the name of the institution, the department, the date, and any other relevant information required by the institution.

This is a brief summary of the thesis that provides an overview of the research question, methodology, findings, and conclusions.

This page provides a list of all the chapters and sections in the thesis and their page numbers.

Introduction

This chapter provides an overview of the research question, the context of the research, and the purpose of the study. The introduction should also outline the methodology and the scope of the research.

Literature Review

This chapter provides a critical analysis of the relevant literature on the research topic. It should demonstrate the gap in the existing knowledge and justify the need for the research.

Methodology

This chapter provides a detailed description of the research methods used to gather and analyze data. It should explain the research design, the sampling method, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures.

This chapter presents the findings of the research. It should include tables, graphs, and charts to illustrate the results.

This chapter interprets the results and relates them to the research question. It should explain the significance of the findings and their implications for the research topic.

This chapter summarizes the key findings and the main conclusions of the research. It should also provide recommendations for future research.

This section provides a list of all the sources cited in the thesis. The citation style may vary depending on the requirements of the institution or the field of study.

This section includes any additional material that supports the research, such as raw data, survey questionnaires, or other relevant documents.

How to write Thesis

Here are some steps to help you write a thesis:

Choose a Topic: The first step in writing a thesis is to choose a topic that interests you and is relevant to your field of study. You should also consider the scope of the topic and the availability of resources for research.
Develop a Research Question: Once you have chosen a topic, you need to develop a research question that you will answer in your thesis. The research question should be specific, clear, and feasible.
Conduct a Literature Review: Before you start your research, you need to conduct a literature review to identify the existing knowledge and gaps in the field. This will help you refine your research question and develop a research methodology.
Develop a Research Methodology: Once you have refined your research question, you need to develop a research methodology that includes the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis procedures.
Collect and Analyze Data: After developing your research methodology, you need to collect and analyze data. This may involve conducting surveys, interviews, experiments, or analyzing existing data.
Write the Thesis: Once you have analyzed the data, you need to write the thesis. The thesis should follow a specific structure that includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references.
Edit and Proofread: After completing the thesis, you need to edit and proofread it carefully. You should also have someone else review it to ensure that it is clear, concise, and free of errors.
Submit the Thesis: Finally, you need to submit the thesis to your academic advisor or committee for review and evaluation.

Example of Thesis

Example of Thesis template for Students:

Title of Thesis

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Chapter 3: Research Methodology

Chapter 4: Results

Chapter 5: Discussion

Chapter 6: Conclusion

References:

Appendices:

Note: That’s just a basic template, but it should give you an idea of the structure and content that a typical thesis might include. Be sure to consult with your department or supervisor for any specific formatting requirements they may have. Good luck with your thesis!

Application of Thesis

Thesis is an important academic document that serves several purposes. Here are some of the applications of thesis:

Academic Requirement: A thesis is a requirement for many academic programs, especially at the graduate level. It is an essential component of the evaluation process and demonstrates the student’s ability to conduct original research and contribute to the knowledge in their field.
Career Advancement: A thesis can also help in career advancement. Employers often value candidates who have completed a thesis as it demonstrates their research skills, critical thinking abilities, and their dedication to their field of study.
Publication : A thesis can serve as a basis for future publications in academic journals, books, or conference proceedings. It provides the researcher with an opportunity to present their research to a wider audience and contribute to the body of knowledge in their field.
Personal Development: Writing a thesis is a challenging task that requires time, dedication, and perseverance. It provides the student with an opportunity to develop critical thinking, research, and writing skills that are essential for their personal and professional development.
Impact on Society: The findings of a thesis can have an impact on society by addressing important issues, providing insights into complex problems, and contributing to the development of policies and practices.

Purpose of Thesis

The purpose of a thesis is to present original research findings in a clear and organized manner. It is a formal document that demonstrates a student’s ability to conduct independent research and contribute to the knowledge in their field of study. The primary purposes of a thesis are:

To Contribute to Knowledge: The main purpose of a thesis is to contribute to the knowledge in a particular field of study. By conducting original research and presenting their findings, the student adds new insights and perspectives to the existing body of knowledge.
To Demonstrate Research Skills: A thesis is an opportunity for the student to demonstrate their research skills. This includes the ability to formulate a research question, design a research methodology, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions based on their findings.
To Develop Critical Thinking: Writing a thesis requires critical thinking and analysis. The student must evaluate existing literature and identify gaps in the field, as well as develop and defend their own ideas.
To Provide Evidence of Competence : A thesis provides evidence of the student’s competence in their field of study. It demonstrates their ability to apply theoretical concepts to real-world problems, and their ability to communicate their ideas effectively.
To Facilitate Career Advancement : Completing a thesis can help the student advance their career by demonstrating their research skills and dedication to their field of study. It can also provide a basis for future publications, presentations, or research projects.

When to Write Thesis

The timing for writing a thesis depends on the specific requirements of the academic program or institution. In most cases, the opportunity to write a thesis is typically offered at the graduate level, but there may be exceptions.

Generally, students should plan to write their thesis during the final year of their graduate program. This allows sufficient time for conducting research, analyzing data, and writing the thesis. It is important to start planning the thesis early and to identify a research topic and research advisor as soon as possible.

In some cases, students may be able to write a thesis as part of an undergraduate program or as an independent research project outside of an academic program. In such cases, it is important to consult with faculty advisors or mentors to ensure that the research is appropriately designed and executed.

It is important to note that the process of writing a thesis can be time-consuming and requires a significant amount of effort and dedication. It is important to plan accordingly and to allocate sufficient time for conducting research, analyzing data, and writing the thesis.

Characteristics of Thesis

The characteristics of a thesis vary depending on the specific academic program or institution. However, some general characteristics of a thesis include:

Originality : A thesis should present original research findings or insights. It should demonstrate the student’s ability to conduct independent research and contribute to the knowledge in their field of study.
Clarity : A thesis should be clear and concise. It should present the research question, methodology, findings, and conclusions in a logical and organized manner. It should also be well-written, with proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
Research-Based: A thesis should be based on rigorous research, which involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources. The research should be well-designed, with appropriate research methods and techniques.
Evidence-Based : A thesis should be based on evidence, which means that all claims made in the thesis should be supported by data or literature. The evidence should be properly cited using appropriate citation styles.
Critical Thinking: A thesis should demonstrate the student’s ability to critically analyze and evaluate information. It should present the student’s own ideas and arguments, and engage with existing literature in the field.
Academic Style : A thesis should adhere to the conventions of academic writing. It should be well-structured, with clear headings and subheadings, and should use appropriate academic language.

Advantages of Thesis

There are several advantages to writing a thesis, including:

Development of Research Skills: Writing a thesis requires extensive research and analytical skills. It helps to develop the student’s research skills, including the ability to formulate research questions, design and execute research methodologies, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions based on their findings.
Contribution to Knowledge: Writing a thesis provides an opportunity for the student to contribute to the knowledge in their field of study. By conducting original research, they can add new insights and perspectives to the existing body of knowledge.
Preparation for Future Research: Completing a thesis prepares the student for future research projects. It provides them with the necessary skills to design and execute research methodologies, analyze data, and draw conclusions based on their findings.
Career Advancement: Writing a thesis can help to advance the student’s career. It demonstrates their research skills and dedication to their field of study, and provides a basis for future publications, presentations, or research projects.
Personal Growth: Completing a thesis can be a challenging and rewarding experience. It requires dedication, hard work, and perseverance. It can help the student to develop self-confidence, independence, and a sense of accomplishment.

Limitations of Thesis

There are also some limitations to writing a thesis, including:

Time and Resources: Writing a thesis requires a significant amount of time and resources. It can be a time-consuming and expensive process, as it may involve conducting original research, analyzing data, and producing a lengthy document.
Narrow Focus: A thesis is typically focused on a specific research question or topic, which may limit the student’s exposure to other areas within their field of study.
Limited Audience: A thesis is usually only read by a small number of people, such as the student’s thesis advisor and committee members. This limits the potential impact of the research findings.
Lack of Real-World Application : Some thesis topics may be highly theoretical or academic in nature, which may limit their practical application in the real world.
Pressure and Stress : Writing a thesis can be a stressful and pressure-filled experience, as it may involve meeting strict deadlines, conducting original research, and producing a high-quality document.
Potential for Isolation: Writing a thesis can be a solitary experience, as the student may spend a significant amount of time working independently on their research and writing.

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Writing a paper: thesis statements, basics of thesis statements.

The thesis statement is the brief articulation of your paper's central argument and purpose. You might hear it referred to as simply a "thesis." Every scholarly paper should have a thesis statement, and strong thesis statements are concise, specific, and arguable. Concise means the thesis is short: perhaps one or two sentences for a shorter paper. Specific means the thesis deals with a narrow and focused topic, appropriate to the paper's length. Arguable means that a scholar in your field could disagree (or perhaps already has!).

Strong thesis statements address specific intellectual questions, have clear positions, and use a structure that reflects the overall structure of the paper. Read on to learn more about constructing a strong thesis statement.

Being Specific

This thesis statement has no specific argument:

Needs Improvement: In this essay, I will examine two scholarly articles to find similarities and differences.

This statement is concise, but it is neither specific nor arguable—a reader might wonder, "Which scholarly articles? What is the topic of this paper? What field is the author writing in?" Additionally, the purpose of the paper—to "examine…to find similarities and differences" is not of a scholarly level. Identifying similarities and differences is a good first step, but strong academic argument goes further, analyzing what those similarities and differences might mean or imply.

Better: In this essay, I will argue that Bowler's (2003) autocratic management style, when coupled with Smith's (2007) theory of social cognition, can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover.

The new revision here is still concise, as well as specific and arguable. We can see that it is specific because the writer is mentioning (a) concrete ideas and (b) exact authors. We can also gather the field (business) and the topic (management and employee turnover). The statement is arguable because the student goes beyond merely comparing; he or she draws conclusions from that comparison ("can reduce the expenses associated with employee turnover").

Making a Unique Argument

This thesis draft repeats the language of the writing prompt without making a unique argument:

Needs Improvement: The purpose of this essay is to monitor, assess, and evaluate an educational program for its strengths and weaknesses. Then, I will provide suggestions for improvement.

You can see here that the student has simply stated the paper's assignment, without articulating specifically how he or she will address it. The student can correct this error simply by phrasing the thesis statement as a specific answer to the assignment prompt.

Better: Through a series of student interviews, I found that Kennedy High School's antibullying program was ineffective. In order to address issues of conflict between students, I argue that Kennedy High School should embrace policies outlined by the California Department of Education (2010).

Words like "ineffective" and "argue" show here that the student has clearly thought through the assignment and analyzed the material; he or she is putting forth a specific and debatable position. The concrete information ("student interviews," "antibullying") further prepares the reader for the body of the paper and demonstrates how the student has addressed the assignment prompt without just restating that language.

Creating a Debate

This thesis statement includes only obvious fact or plot summary instead of argument:

Needs Improvement: Leadership is an important quality in nurse educators.

A good strategy to determine if your thesis statement is too broad (and therefore, not arguable) is to ask yourself, "Would a scholar in my field disagree with this point?" Here, we can see easily that no scholar is likely to argue that leadership is an unimportant quality in nurse educators. The student needs to come up with a more arguable claim, and probably a narrower one; remember that a short paper needs a more focused topic than a dissertation.

Better: Roderick's (2009) theory of participatory leadership is particularly appropriate to nurse educators working within the emergency medicine field, where students benefit most from collegial and kinesthetic learning.

Here, the student has identified a particular type of leadership ("participatory leadership"), narrowing the topic, and has made an arguable claim (this type of leadership is "appropriate" to a specific type of nurse educator). Conceivably, a scholar in the nursing field might disagree with this approach. The student's paper can now proceed, providing specific pieces of evidence to support the arguable central claim.

Choosing the Right Words

This thesis statement uses large or scholarly-sounding words that have no real substance:

Needs Improvement: Scholars should work to seize metacognitive outcomes by harnessing discipline-based networks to empower collaborative infrastructures.

There are many words in this sentence that may be buzzwords in the student's field or key terms taken from other texts, but together they do not communicate a clear, specific meaning. Sometimes students think scholarly writing means constructing complex sentences using special language, but actually it's usually a stronger choice to write clear, simple sentences. When in doubt, remember that your ideas should be complex, not your sentence structure.

Better: Ecologists should work to educate the U.S. public on conservation methods by making use of local and national green organizations to create a widespread communication plan.

Notice in the revision that the field is now clear (ecology), and the language has been made much more field-specific ("conservation methods," "green organizations"), so the reader is able to see concretely the ideas the student is communicating.

Leaving Room for Discussion

This thesis statement is not capable of development or advancement in the paper:

Needs Improvement: There are always alternatives to illegal drug use.

This sample thesis statement makes a claim, but it is not a claim that will sustain extended discussion. This claim is the type of claim that might be appropriate for the conclusion of a paper, but in the beginning of the paper, the student is left with nowhere to go. What further points can be made? If there are "always alternatives" to the problem the student is identifying, then why bother developing a paper around that claim? Ideally, a thesis statement should be complex enough to explore over the length of the entire paper.

Better: The most effective treatment plan for methamphetamine addiction may be a combination of pharmacological and cognitive therapy, as argued by Baker (2008), Smith (2009), and Xavier (2011).

In the revised thesis, you can see the student make a specific, debatable claim that has the potential to generate several pages' worth of discussion. When drafting a thesis statement, think about the questions your thesis statement will generate: What follow-up inquiries might a reader have? In the first example, there are almost no additional questions implied, but the revised example allows for a good deal more exploration.

Thesis Mad Libs

If you are having trouble getting started, try using the models below to generate a rough model of a thesis statement! These models are intended for drafting purposes only and should not appear in your final work.

In this essay, I argue ____, using ______ to assert _____.
While scholars have often argued ______, I argue______, because_______.
Through an analysis of ______, I argue ______, which is important because_______.

Words to Avoid and to Embrace

When drafting your thesis statement, avoid words like explore, investigate, learn, compile, summarize , and explain to describe the main purpose of your paper. These words imply a paper that summarizes or "reports," rather than synthesizing and analyzing.

Instead of the terms above, try words like argue, critique, question , and interrogate . These more analytical words may help you begin strongly, by articulating a specific, critical, scholarly position.

Read Kayla's blog post for tips on taking a stand in a well-crafted thesis statement.

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Think of yourself as a member of a jury, listening to a lawyer who is presenting an opening argument. You'll want to know very soon whether the lawyer believes the accused to be guilty or not guilty, and how the lawyer plans to convince you. Readers of academic essays are like jury members: before they have read too far, they want to know what the essay argues as well as how the writer plans to make the argument. After reading your thesis statement, the reader should think, "This essay is going to try to convince me of something. I'm not convinced yet, but I'm interested to see how I might be."

An effective thesis cannot be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." A thesis is not a topic; nor is it a fact; nor is it an opinion. "Reasons for the fall of communism" is a topic. "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" is a fact known by educated people. "The fall of communism is the best thing that ever happened in Europe" is an opinion. (Superlatives like "the best" almost always lead to trouble. It's impossible to weigh every "thing" that ever happened in Europe. And what about the fall of Hitler? Couldn't that be "the best thing"?)

A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue—that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay.

Steps in Constructing a Thesis

First, analyze your primary sources. Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication. Does the author contradict himself or herself? Is a point made and later reversed? What are the deeper implications of the author's argument? Figuring out the why to one or more of these questions, or to related questions, will put you on the path to developing a working thesis. (Without the why, you probably have only come up with an observation—that there are, for instance, many different metaphors in such-and-such a poem—which is not a thesis.)

Once you have a working thesis, write it down. There is nothing as frustrating as hitting on a great idea for a thesis, then forgetting it when you lose concentration. And by writing down your thesis you will be forced to think of it clearly, logically, and concisely. You probably will not be able to write out a final-draft version of your thesis the first time you try, but you'll get yourself on the right track by writing down what you have.

Keep your thesis prominent in your introduction. A good, standard place for your thesis statement is at the end of an introductory paragraph, especially in shorter (5-15 page) essays. Readers are used to finding theses there, so they automatically pay more attention when they read the last sentence of your introduction. Although this is not required in all academic essays, it is a good rule of thumb.

Anticipate the counterarguments. Once you have a working thesis, you should think about what might be said against it. This will help you to refine your thesis, and it will also make you think of the arguments that you'll need to refute later on in your essay. (Every argument has a counterargument. If yours doesn't, then it's not an argument—it may be a fact, or an opinion, but it is not an argument.)

This statement is on its way to being a thesis. However, it is too easy to imagine possible counterarguments. For example, a political observer might believe that Dukakis lost because he suffered from a "soft-on-crime" image. If you complicate your thesis by anticipating the counterargument, you'll strengthen your argument, as shown in the sentence below.

Some Caveats and Some Examples

A thesis is never a question. Readers of academic essays expect to have questions discussed, explored, or even answered. A question ("Why did communism collapse in Eastern Europe?") is not an argument, and without an argument, a thesis is dead in the water.

A thesis is never a list. "For political, economic, social and cultural reasons, communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" does a good job of "telegraphing" the reader what to expect in the essay—a section about political reasons, a section about economic reasons, a section about social reasons, and a section about cultural reasons. However, political, economic, social and cultural reasons are pretty much the only possible reasons why communism could collapse. This sentence lacks tension and doesn't advance an argument. Everyone knows that politics, economics, and culture are important.

A thesis should never be vague, combative or confrontational. An ineffective thesis would be, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because communism is evil." This is hard to argue (evil from whose perspective? what does evil mean?) and it is likely to mark you as moralistic and judgmental rather than rational and thorough. It also may spark a defensive reaction from readers sympathetic to communism. If readers strongly disagree with you right off the bat, they may stop reading.

An effective thesis has a definable, arguable claim. "While cultural forces contributed to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of economies played the key role in driving its decline" is an effective thesis sentence that "telegraphs," so that the reader expects the essay to have a section about cultural forces and another about the disintegration of economies. This thesis makes a definite, arguable claim: that the disintegration of economies played a more important role than cultural forces in defeating communism in Eastern Europe. The reader would react to this statement by thinking, "Perhaps what the author says is true, but I am not convinced. I want to read further to see how the author argues this claim."

A thesis should be as clear and specific as possible. Avoid overused, general terms and abstractions. For example, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because of the ruling elite's inability to address the economic concerns of the people" is more powerful than "Communism collapsed due to societal discontent."

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Last Updated: Apr 01, 2024 Views: 5

What is a thesis statement.

A thesis statement is a sentence that states the main idea of your paper. It is not just a statement of fact, but a statement of position. What argument are you making about your topic? Your thesis should answer that question.

How long should my thesis statement be?

Thesis statements are often just one sentence. Keep thesis statements concise, without extra words or information. If you are having trouble keeping your thesis statement to one sentence, consider the following:

Is your thesis is specific enough?
Does your thesis directly supports your paper?
Does your thesis accurately describes your purpose or argue your claim?

Can I see some example thesis statements?

The following websites have examples of thesis statements:

Thesis Statements This link opens in a new window (UNC)
Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements This link opens in a new window (OWL at Purdue)
Writing an Effective Thesis Statement This link opens in a new window (Indiana River State College)

These web resources may be helpful if you are looking for examples. However, be sure to evaluate any sources you use! The Shapiro Library cannot vouch for the accuracy of information provided on external websites.

Where can I find more information?

Video tutorials.

The Persuasive Thesis: How to Write an Argument This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)
Research and Citation Playlist This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)
Planning a Paper series: Drafting a Thesis Statement This link opens in a new window ( Infobase Learning Cloud - SNHU Login Required)

More Information

Build a Critical Analysis Thesis This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)
Build a Compare & Contrast Thesis This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)
Build a History Thesis This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)
Build a Persuasive Thesis This link opens in a new window (SNHU Academic Support)

Further Help

This information is intended to be a guideline, not expert advice. Please speak to your instructor about the appropriate way to craft thesis statements for your class assignments and projects.

Campus Students

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Developing, Writing and Revising Your Thesis Statement

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What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

Published on 15 September 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on 5 December 2023.

A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a PhD program in the UK.

Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Indeed, alongside a dissertation , it is the longest piece of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to finish: designing your research , collecting data , developing a robust analysis, drawing strong conclusions , and writing concisely .

Thesis template

You can also download our full thesis template in the format of your choice below. Our template includes a ready-made table of contents , as well as guidance for what each chapter should include. It’s easy to make it your own, and can help you get started.

Download Word template Download Google Docs template

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Thesis vs. thesis statement, how to structure a thesis, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your thesis, frequently asked questions about theses.

You may have heard the word thesis as a standalone term or as a component of academic writing called a thesis statement . Keep in mind that these are two very different things.

A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay , and should clearly and concisely summarise the central points of your academic essay .
A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to complete. It is generally a degree requirement to complete a PhD program.
In many countries, particularly the UK, a dissertation is generally written at the bachelor’s or master’s level.
In the US, a dissertation is generally written as a final step toward obtaining a PhD.

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The final structure of your thesis depends on a variety of components, such as:

Your discipline
Your theoretical approach

Humanities theses are often structured more like a longer-form essay . Just like in an essay, you build an argument to support a central thesis.

In both hard and social sciences, theses typically include an introduction , literature review , methodology section , results section , discussion section , and conclusion section . These are each presented in their own dedicated section or chapter. In some cases, you might want to add an appendix .

Thesis examples

We’ve compiled a short list of thesis examples to help you get started.

Example thesis #1: ‘Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the “Noble Savage” on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807’ by Suchait Kahlon.
Example thesis #2: ‘”A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man”: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947’ by Julian Saint Reiman.

The very first page of your thesis contains all necessary identifying information, including:

Your full title
Your full name
Your department
Your institution and degree program
Your submission date.

Sometimes the title page also includes your student ID, the name of your supervisor, or the university’s logo. Check out your university’s guidelines if you’re not sure.

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework, but these are not the same thing. A theoretical framework defines and analyses the concepts and theories that your research hinges on.

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George, T. (2023, December 05). What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 1 April 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/thesis-ultimate-guide/

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The purpose and thesis statement, 1. the inverted pyramid.

Think of a speech as an inverted pyramid. The pyramid's widest point is the topic of the speech. Once you have determined your topic, you should consider what the general purpose of your speech is, followed by your specific purpose, which will be discussed in the next section. Once your purpose is established, you should begin to refine your thesis, identify evidence, and create supporting arguments. As you follow these steps, the pyramid gets narrower and narrower. It’s important to take the broad view first because getting too caught up in specific arguments or evidence might confuse your audience or cause them to miss the point. It can be easy to focus on that narrowest point, especially if you are very knowledgeable about your topic, but it is just as important to take a step back.

2. Speech Purposes

First, we will discuss the purposes of your speech, both general and specific, and then we will get into the rest of the inverted pyramid. After you determine your topic, you should refine it into the general purpose and specific purpose by asking yourself what you hope to accomplish with your speech and what you hope your audience will take away with them.

2a. General Purpose

From a broad standpoint, the speaker should ask, “What do I hope to achieve with the speech? Is the aim to inform? Persuade? A little of both, perhaps? Or maybe entertain?”

To persuade
To instruct
To entertain

IN CONTEXT Imagine a basic speech topic, such as social media. Consider the audience: To whom will the speaker be speaking? What's their age and knowledge base? A crowd of college students might have a much wider knowledge base than, say, a group of elderly audience members—but not necessarily! There are plenty of grandmothers who could run circles around a twenty-year-old on Instagram or Facebook, and the user demographics of social media are changing as we speak. If the general purpose is to instruct, the speaker may demonstrate how to set up privacy settings on a social media platform. As they further hone the purpose and thesis of their speech, it might include instruction about why it is important to specify one's privacy settings—with the purpose of persuading the audience. Now imagine a speaker who wants to convince an audience—for example, an elderly crowd—to adopt a technology like Instagram. The speaker may have to do some instruction, but they will also want to talk about the social benefits of developing a digital network or the cognitive benefits of lifelong learning and technology use. Again, this speech takes a topic like social media and refines it down to a purpose, like persuasion. From there, the speaker can begin to craft a thesis such as, “Social media is a valuable tool for the elderly to remain connected to their loved ones while simultaneously boosting cognition and memory affected by aging.”

Whatever the purpose of the speech, before diving into the specifics of the thesis, the speaker must take a step back to examine the broad, general purpose of why they are speaking. The speaker will want to ensure that every piece of evidence and thought in the speech connects to that general purpose to present a reinforced theme to the audience.

terms to know General Giving or consisting of only the most important aspects of something, ignoring minor details; indefinite. Purpose A result that is desired; an intention.

2b. Specific Purpose

Let’s go back to that inverted pyramid. As the speaker refines their purpose, the speech narrows to its most specific point. The widest part represents the topic, followed by the speech's general purpose (instructing, informing, persuading, or entertaining). The next most refined level is the specific purpose, which fuses the topic and general purpose.

Going from general to specific is all about refinement. If the speech is too broad, the audience may be confused about what the speaker is saying or trying to achieve. At the same time, the speaker must temper just how specific to get in relation to the audience. How much does the audience already know about the subject? How might their demographics, such as age, gender, culture, and education levels, already inform that knowledge base?

Using the inverted pyramid model to outline exactly how to arrive at the speech's most specific, narrowest point, the speaker should avoid losing the audience by getting too specific at the wrong time.

But what if the speech has more than one purpose? Not all speeches conform strictly to the four general purposes for speaking. Some persuasive speeches may contain elements of informative or entertainment speeches. If this is the case, first identify the most important purpose of the speech. At the end of the day, what exactly is the speech trying to achieve? From there, subordinate the other, more specific purposes.

Just keep picturing the inverted pyramid, getting closer and closer to the most specific points to assist in the refinement process of honing a topic into a specific purpose and a solid thesis with substantive evidence to make a case.

term to know Specific Explicit or definite.

3. The Thesis

Your thesis statement should clearly articulate the purpose and main points of your speech. Think of the thesis as the rocket that will guide the spaceship—that is, your speech. It's there at the beginning, and in some ways, it guides the trajectory of your speech.

Defining a thesis is essentially constructing the structural outline of your speech. When you have defined a thesis, you have essentially articulated to yourself what your speech will say, what position you will take up, and what the speech's purpose is.

Use the work that you have done to narrow down the scope of the topic that your speech is about; determine the purpose your speech will serve, and define a thesis to construct the remainder of it.

term to know Thesis A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long; also referred to as a speech’s key message or primary message.

3a. Crafting Your Thesis

What are you trying to accomplish with it?
What's the takeaway message you wish to leave with your audience?

3b. Thesis Placement

The thesis should be introduced near the beginning of your speech, usually at the conclusion of the introductory remarks. Its placement there is a way of introducing the audience to your specific topic. It should be a declarative statement stating what position you will argue.

It's also particularly helpful to give a quick outline of just how you plan to achieve those goals in another few sentences immediately following your thesis statement.

At the end of the speech, you should restate your thesis (perhaps in a more concise form) to reassert to your audience what you have argued throughout your speech.

summary In this lesson, you learned that you can think of a speech as an inverted pyramid , with the topic being the widest section. From there, refine down into the general purpose and specific purpose ; speeches typically serve one or more of four general purposes: to inform, persuade, instruct, or entertain. You learned that a thesis is a clear statement of your speech’s main points in the context of your topic and purpose. Crafting and placing your thesis takes time and close consideration. The thesis is followed by evidence and arguments, which drive the point of your speech home for your audience. By taking a step back to examine the topic and purpose of your speech first, you will ensure that everything presented to argue your case is aligned and organized.

Source: THIS TUTORIAL HAS BEEN ADAPTED FROM "BOUNDLESS COMMUNICATIONS" PROVIDED BY BOUNDLESS.COM. ACCESS FOR FREE AT oer commons. LICENSED UNDER CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION-SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL.

Giving or consisting of only the most important aspects of something, ignoring minor details; indefinite.

A result that is desired; an intention.

Explicit or definite.

A concise summary of the argument or main points, usually one to three sentences long; also referred to as a speech’s key message or primary message.

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Thesis/Purpose Statement

Probably the most daunting task for any writer is to generate an effective thesis statement. In college, academic writing follows a specific pattern— after a brief opening, you state your position in one clear sentence. Whether your essay is explanatory or argumentative, a strong thesis statement will provide the map, guiding the entire essay. Confusion arises, however, over the difference between a purpose statement and a thesis.

What is the function of a purpose statement?

It gives the paper a focus: scope and direction.
It foreshadows the development of the argument

Used in many of the sciences for research proposals, in some disciplines, a purpose statement is too blunt or direct, so check with your instructor about using a purpose statement.

Sample purpose statement This paper will examine the ecological damage caused by Katrina on the Gulf Coast. The focus will be on the economic, political and social relationships effected by the environmental problems.

What is the function of a thesis statement? A thesis statement:

Gives the writer’s declaration of the purpose of the paper.
Makes an assertion directly answering the question the paper asks.
Offers a provable claim that reasonable people could argue.
Provides a map of the arrangement of ideas presented in the essay.

(Note that the thesis statement is more complex than the purpose statement)

Sample thesis statement The ecological damage produced by Katrina on the Gulf Coast was caused by the political and social environment of the region.

What are the characteristics of a good thesis statement?

It answers a specific question.
It is narrow or broad enough to be covered within the assignment parameters.
It focuses on one main idea.
It is controversial enough that a reasonable person could disagree.

How do I generate a good thesis statement? After you have completed your research for evidence, you will need to analyze the material to find the possible connections— both similarities and contrasts. Once you have analyzed your evidence, you will have a main idea or a working thesis. Think of the process of creating a thesis like a funnel, beginning with a general subject, narrowed by the purpose, and ending with a specific assertion, claim, or thesis.

How do I generate a thesis if the topic is assigned? Any assignment can be narrowed down to a single question. Your first task is to select the focal question that your essay will answer. If the assignment is a request for information, such as “Write a report on the benefits of expanding the Marina District in Downtown Toledo,” turn the request into a question— “What are the benefits of building the Marina District in Downtown Toledo?” After you have established the focal question, compose a one- to- two-sentence response based on your educated opinion.

Q: What are the benefits of the Marina District in Toledo?

A: The potential benefits of the development of the Marina District are….

How do I generate a thesis if the topic is not assigned?

Even if your instructor has not posed a specific question, you will need to create a question about the issue you plan to investigate. It is best if you first establish your subject; next consider the purpose of the essay. From this point you should be able to ask a question about the topic to then state a position or thesis.

Brainstorm the topic What are your concerns? What concerns are facing your field of study? For example, you are in construction and you are concerned with the slow recovery in New Orleans after Katrina. You begin the thought process like this:

Construction reform.

This is not a thesis; it is a fragment. This is a general subject from which you could take your paper in many directions. Perhaps from your research you have found that there were oversights in the codes for homes constructed in hurricane and flood zones. While everyone will agree that rebuilding flimsy homes is a bad idea, narrowing your topic to who should make the reform and what specific types are needed will assert your position.

Because a majority of the damage caused by Katrina was due to inadequate construction, the federal government needs to establish more stringent building codes before financing reconstruction.

Test your thesis

Does it take a stand and capture the subject?
Does it invite a discussion or can a simple statement respond it to?
Is it specific to your paper?
Is your claim significant?
Are the words and phrases a unified by a single idea?

Test the sample thesis Because a majority of the damage caused by Katrina was due to inadequate construction, the federal government needs to establish more stringent building codes before financing reconstruction.

Does it take a stand? Yes, the damage was due to inadequate construction and the federal government needs to step in.
Does it invite discussion? Yes, some reasonable people may feel that it is not the government’s responsibility to enforce codes and that no building could withstand the force of Katrina.
Is the thesis specific? Yes, it focuses on the aftermath of one storm and the steps to be taken before more federal funds should be used.
Is the claim significant? Yes, rebuilding still needs to take place.
Are the words focused on a single idea? Yes, not all issues are being addressed, just one aspect of a condition for rebuilding. Yet the thesis is still broad enough to allow the paper to explore examples of the types of destruction, building codes, and financial needs facing those devastated by Katrina.

For any further questions or more a detailed explanation refer to your instructor, The Little Brown Compact Handbook, or the Writing Center.

Pasco-Hernando State College

Proving the Thesis - General Principles
The Writing Process
Paragraphs and Essays
Unity and Coherence in Essays
Proving the Thesis - Logic
Proving the Thesis - Logical Fallacies and Appeals
Proving the Thesis - Rhetorical Mode
Appropriate Language

Writing Process

Stay Focused on Purpose

It is critical to keep focused on the purpose of your writing: to prove the thesis. If you are planning an essay, start with at least a scratch outline and a working thesis – a starting thesis that you know you might change as you draft your paper. If you are writing an essay exam or paper, be sure to identify the key terms in the instructions such as the following and don’t stray from the topic and/or question or what the instructions say to do: analyze, clarify, classify, compare, contrast, define, describe, discuss, evaluate, explain, identify, illustrate, interpret, justify, relate, summarize, support, or trace. Remember to review and revise. See Writiing Process and Outlining in Related Pages on the right sidebar.

Relevance, Reliability, Accuracy, and Sufficiency

The information presented to prove the thesis should be relevant, reliable, credible, and sufficient.

relevant evidence – evidence must be directly and clearly related to proving the thesis
reliable evidence – evidence must be consistent and accurate; the same circumstances must have the same result
reliable narrator – there is general presumption in sources that are purportedly factual is that the writer is reliable; however, that it is not necessarily accurate that the writer is presenting consistent or even accurate information even when that writer thinks he or she is. The term reliable narrator is used more frequently in literary analysis to describe that the person telling the story can be trusted to be giving reliable information.
unreliable narrator – an unreliable narrator is where when the person writing the source is not consistent or accurate. The term reliable narrator is used more frequently in literary analysis to describe that the person telling the story cannot be trusted to be giving reliable information.
accurate evidence – for evidence to be credible, it must be factual. Even one inaccurate piece of information will cause the reader to doubt an author’s credibility.
sufficient evidence – evidence must be sufficient. Sufficiency is a question of whether even though the evidence used to prove the thesis may be reliable and accurate, it may not be enough to prove the thesis
representative evidence – a consideration related to relevance, reliability, credibility, and sufficiency is whether the evidence represents the entire group involved in the analysis. For example, evidence which is relevant, reliable, accurate, and sufficient that shows a high correlation of pesticide content in certain foods may not have been drawn from samples from all over the country, so the incidence may be limited only to the area from which the sample was drawn

Transitional Devices

A good paper must have coherence . This means that all the ideas should be in a logical order and fit together like links in a chain. One way to do this is to have an overall plan for how the paper will develop, such as in an outline. Another is to use transitional devices.

Transitional devices are a word or words that help one sentence or paragraph flow into the next. Here is an example of two sentences which do not have any transitional information to connect them:

The weather looked threatening. They went on their picnic.

In the above example, we are unsure how these two ideas relate to each other. See how one word connects the two thoughts in the following example:

The weather looked threatening. Nevertheless, they went on their picnic.

Now we understand the relationship between the ideas. The word Nevertheless serves as a transitional device from one sentence to the next.

Transitional devices can be more than just a word. They can also be entire phrases. Here is an example of a sentence with a phrase that serves as a transitional device.

In spite of the cloudy sky, they went on their picnic.

The words In spite of the cloudy sky are a transitional device.

Just as there should be transitions between sentences, paragraphs should also link together. There are a few ways to do this.

Refer to key words or thoughts from the thesis.
Refer to key words or ideas from the preceding paragraph.
Use transitional expressions.
Use transitional sentences.

Using transitions in your paper is like using signals when you drive. Imagine following someone in a car who is leading you to a place you’ve never been before. Think about how difficult it would be to follow him to the correct destination if he didn’t signal! Just as in driving, you don’t want to take a turn in your paper and risk leaving your readers behind.

Facts and Statistics

Facts and statistics can be very persuasive. In fact, a critical reader will challenge the accuracy or the legitimacy of the sources for purported facts and statistics.

It is important to investigate those ourselves before we use information that is supposed to be factual. We should know exactly where the information comes from and evaluate whether the source is credible. It is not a good idea to present information as though it is a fact unless you know it is a fact.

Statistics can be manipulated. An educated audience will pick that up and you’ll lose credibility if they sense that the presentation of statistics is not honest.

Here’s an example:

A board president claimed that ninety percent of the people who responded to a survey wanted a certain action taken. When asked how many responded to the survey, he answered that ten people had responded.

Primary and Secondary Sources

A primary source is a source written by the person providing the information. If you get information from your friend, the friend is the primary source.

In research, it is preferable to get information directly from the source when it is available.

Secondary sources are not directly from the provider of the information. It is like getting information about what Joan said from John. This information is not as reliable as primary sources. However, it is common practice for authors to include what others have said in their articles and analyze what was said.

Pictures, charts, graphs, drawings, and diagrams; not appropriate in writing for all courses – check with instructor if not indicated on assignment

Rhetorical Modes as Types of Proof

Narration is the use of language to tell a story. It is the telling of a sequence of events or occurrences. As a method of helping to prove a thesis, narration might be used tell the experience of the author or of someone else. For example, in a paper discussing allergies, a writer might narrate his or her experiences with allergies and what was done to control exposure to the allergens or treat the symptoms.

It is important, especially when dealing with a complex topic, that you define all the key terms in your argument. This is important because not all definitions are universally agreed upon. Take the idea of immigration reform. For some this could mean providing a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants; for others, it could mean tighter border security.

How you define something influences how you and your audience see a particular issue. Even the terms used to describe an issue can influence the reader. Take for example the difference in calling someone an “illegal immigrant” versus an “undocumented worker.”

Using the first entry in a standard dictionary is not usually sufficient, especially when writing about something very technical. Some areas have specialized dictionaries to define specific terms. The word gross is used very differently if used in everyday language or by a medical clinician. In everyday language, the word gross means awful or disgusting. However, in medical language the word gross means large.

Be careful not to use vague or judgmental words in your definition as it can seem to your readers that you are biased or imprecise.

Division and Classification

With complicated topics, it might helpful to separate the bigger topic or subject area into smaller parts and classify the information according to separate criteria. For example, in discussing plants, it could help to discuss by categories of plants.

Description

Description is to help bring the reader into the writing. Specific descriptions of sensations including sights, sounds, smell, touch, and taste can make the reader feel as though he or she is part of the experience which can be a useful strategy in proving a thesis.

Process Analysis

Using examples and facts can support your paper, but simply using these is not enough; you must also think critically about what you have read and react to it. Analysis means to go beyond the obvious and beyond what is literally in the text.

It is very tempting when writing a paper to simply paraphrase or summarize a source than it is to think critically about what was written. Often, when the source is difficult to understand, just repeating his or her words may seem simpler.

Analysis, however, requires a complete understanding of the point the author is making because you must take a complex idea, break it down in to smaller, simpler parts, and then figure out how they fit together.

Examples and Illustrations

Using examples is a way to explain or to prove that our position is accurate. Examples can be true or actual situations or they can be hypothetical.

Using examples are more effective if they are close to or exactly the same circumstances as in the case you are trying to prove. If a person can think to themselves that there is a significant difference, the example will not be effective.

If you are using an actual event, you should be careful to be sure you are familiar with the details. If not, using the example can backfire and convince the person of the opposite.

If you use a hypothetical situation as an example, you should think it through completely first. Again, if it is not a good example, it would weaken your position.

Attorneys use example to argue cases. In fact, if they can present a previously decided case in the same jurisdiction that matches up with the existing decision, the judge must decide in their favor. The supportive case has to be “on all fours,” that is, match up on all the essential points.

Compare/Contrast

We compare and contrast things all the time in life to make decisions from where we buy our groceries to what car to buy. Just as in life, college papers also often require comparing and contrasting. You might have to compare two historic events, world leaders, or poems. Often, even if it is not required, ideas become clearer when you evaluate them in relation to one another.

It is important to remember to be fair when contrasting ideas to show that one is superior. If you note only the strengths of one and only the faults of the other, your readers may determine that your argument is weak or not credible.

One way to do this is to think about how they are similar in addition to how they differ. Take the words liberal and conservative for example. Usually these are seen as very different things, but they do have similarities. They both are political philosophies, they both have a moral underpinning, and they both have people who passionately support their ideals.

Cause/Effect

Another way of proving a thesis is to show the causes and/or effects. For example, if your thesis is that the use of wind power is the best way of producing electricity, showing the effects of how much electricity can be produced is good proof. You could also include the bad effects of some other means of producing electricity.

Persuasion/Argumentation

In a way, all communication has a purpose: to persuade or argue for the validity of what is being said. Even when a person is expressing an emotion, effective communication involves convincing the audience that those feelings are legitimate.

The same strategies used to develop a good writing are used when the purpose is specifically to persuade. Transitional devices, use of examples, facts and statistics, primary and secondary sources, and rhetorical modes including analysis, definition, comparison/contrast, and cause and/or Effect are ways to prove your point.

See the difference in how these strategies can be used for persuasion.

A simple sentence: It was a cold day.

Transitional device: In addition to being dark and cloudy, it was a cold day.

Example: It was so cold that the chill of the air was felt right through layers of clothing.

Facts/Statistics: It was a record-breaking cold with temperatures plummeting below 15o F.

Primary Source: According to Jones, “Temperatures fell as though we were entering another Ice Age.”

Secondary Source: Goldstein agreed: “This cold wave surpasses any recorded to date” (qtd. in Jones).

Rhetorical Modes

Narration: While I was walking in the park, I noticed that it was a cold day.

Definition: The temperature at which water freezes is 32o F. This is typically the temperature used to describe weather conditions as freezing.

Description: It was so cold that frost was forming on the windows and the leaves on the plants were curling.

Process Analysis: The measurement of what is considered a cold day includes the temperature and humidity reading along with any wind-chill factor.

Comparison/Contrast: It was so cold this year that the strawberries froze and fell to the ground whereas last year’s crop survived the freeze.

Cause/Effect: Because it was so cold, the strawberries froze and fell to the ground.

Persuasion/Argumentation: The reading on the thermometer of 32o F, the frost or the windows, and the curling leaves of the plants show it was a cold day.

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Thesis Statement for Descriptive Essay

Descriptive Essay thesis statement examples

A descriptive essay paints a vivid picture in the reader’s mind by using detailed observations and expressive language. Central to this form of writing is the thesis statement, which introduces the subject and sets the tone for what’s to come. While it doesn’t argue a point like in other essays, it encapsulates the essence of the described subject. Dive into our resourceful collection of thesis statement examples for descriptive essays, and discover actionable tips to perfect your own.

What is a Descriptive Essay Thesis Statement? – Definition

A descriptive essay thesis statement is a concise summary of the main subject or object of the essay. It introduces the topic to the reader, setting the tone for the descriptive details that follow. Unlike other types of essays that might argue a point or make a claim, a descriptive thesis simply sets the stage for the reader to immerse themselves in the vivid imagery and sensory details the writer will provide.

What is the Best Thesis Statement Example for Descriptive Essay?

While the “best”and good thesis statement is subjective and can vary based on the essay’s topic, here’s a universally appealing example:

“The ancestral home, standing tall amidst ancient oaks, is not just a house but a tapestry of memories, echoing with whispered stories from a bygone era.”

This statement not only introduces the home but also evokes emotion and curiosity, prompting the reader to delve into the essay for a richer understanding.

100 Thesis Statement Examples for Descriptive Essay

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Crafting a case study thesis statement for a descriptive essay requires keen attention to the heart of your topic. While the aim isn’t to make an argument or point, it’s to lead the reader into a sensory journey where they can almost feel, see, or hear the subject you’re describing. Here’s a curated list of thesis statement examples designed to paint a vivid picture right from the start.

“The bustling market of Marrakech is an overwhelming symphony of colors, sounds, and scents.”
“Our family’s lakeside cabin, nestled among tall pines, has been a tranquil escape from life’s frenzies for generations.”
“The ancient library, with its towering shelves and timeworn books, whispers tales of eras long past.”
“Grandma’s garden, awash with hues of red, yellow, and purple, was her magnum opus, a testament to her passion.”
“Monsoon in the Indian countryside is not just a season but a celestial dance of rain, aroma, and rejuvenation.”
“The carnival, with its blaring music and dizzying rides, was a paradise for thrill-seekers and dreamers alike.”
“Dad’s vintage car, more than just metal and leather, was a time capsule, holding stories of family road trips and adventures.”
“The Venetian canals at dusk shimmer with golden reflections, revealing a city lost in time.”
“The jazz club, dimly lit and filled with soulful melodies, was an oasis for lovers of true music.”
“Mount Fuji, more than its snow-capped majesty, is a symbol of resilience and beauty in Japanese culture.”
“My childhood bedroom, painted in soft blues, was my sanctuary, echoing with laughter and dreams.”
“The Sahara Desert, under the blazing sun, is a vast expanse of mysteries, mirages, and memories of ancient caravans.”
“The opera house, with its gilded balconies and velvet curtains, resonates with tales of passion, tragedy, and triumph.”
“The old town square, cobblestoned and lined with cafes, has witnessed countless rendezvous, farewells, and revolutions.”
“The Himalayan foothills, shrouded in mist and folklore, beckon trekkers into a world of breathtaking vistas and spiritual quests.”
“The Parisian cafe, with its aroma of fresh croissants and coffee, was a haven for artists, writers, and thinkers.”
“My grandfather’s wristwatch, tarnished yet ticking, embodies the relentless march of time and the legacy he left behind.”
“The Amazon rainforest, with its cacophony of creatures and lush canopy, is the pulsing heart of our planet.”
“The Scottish highlands, rugged and raw, are a canvas of nature’s dramatic artistry.”
“The neighborhood bakery, emanating the scent of fresh bread every dawn, has been the cornerstone of our community’s mornings.”
“The moonlit beach, with its silvery waves and soft sand, evokes a sense of serenity and endless possibilities.”
“The subway station, always bustling, is a melting pot of stories, farewells, and chance encounters.”
“The old bookstore, its aisles lined with dusty tomes, invites visitors into a world of fantasy, history, and forgotten tales.”
“The art gallery, with walls adorned in masterpieces, captures the essence of human creativity and imagination across eras.”
“Mom’s kitchen, filled with the aroma of home-cooked meals, was the heart of our home, where memories were made and shared.”
“The alpine meadows, dotted with wildflowers and grazing sheep, paint a picture of idyllic, untouched beauty.”
“The city skyline at twilight, with its interplay of shadows and lights, stands as a testament to mankind’s architectural marvels.”
“The old bridge, moss-covered and slightly creaky, has borne witness to countless promises, secrets, and moments of reflection.”
“The winter fair, with its sparkling lights and merry carousels, transported everyone to a magical wonderland.”
“The college dormitory, echoing with youthful enthusiasm, was a tapestry of dreams, friendships, and life-changing experiences.”
“The cherry blossom avenue, awash in pinks and whites, was nature’s way of celebrating life’s fleeting beauty.”
“The farmer’s market, brimming with fresh produce and artisanal treasures, was a weekly journey of flavors and craftsmanship.”
“The lighthouse, standing solitary against raging waves, has been a beacon of hope and direction for wandering sailors.”
“The rainforest cafe, with its tropical ambiance and exotic sounds, was an urban escape to nature’s heart.”
“The antique shop, cluttered with relics and rarities, was a portal to bygone times and cherished memories.”
“The temple at sunrise, bathed in golden light, emanated an aura of peace, spirituality, and timeless devotion.”
“The music festival, alive with pulsating beats and vibrant crowds, was an annual pilgrimage for every audiophile.”
“The Mediterranean coastline, with its azure waters and quaint villages, was a canvas of dreams, romance, and sun-soaked adventures.”
“The treehouse, hidden among the foliage, was our childhood fortress, a haven of secrets and imaginations run wild.”
“The vintage cinema hall, with its velvet seats and classic posters, transported moviegoers to a golden era of film.”
“The coral reef, vibrant and teeming with life, is a submerged universe of colors, shapes, and marine narratives waiting to be explored.”
“The ancient oak tree in our backyard, with its gnarled branches, has stood as a silent observer to the changing seasons and our family’s milestones.”
“The bustling flea market, a riot of colors and chatter, was a treasure trove for those with a keen eye and a penchant for the eclectic.”
“The university library, with its hallowed halls and endless aisles, was a sanctuary for knowledge seekers and dreamers alike.”
“The Italian piazza at midday, echoing with the laughter of children and the strumming of street musicians, encapsulates the vibrant soul of its city.”
“The mountaintop observatory, under a canopy of stars, offers a humbling perspective of our place in the vast cosmos.”
“The sunflower field, a sea of yellow heads turning towards the sun, symbolizes nature’s unwavering optimism and the pursuit of light.”
“The midnight diner, with its neon glow and sizzling griddle, was a refuge for night owls, wanderers, and those seeking solace in comfort food.”
“The abandoned mansion on the hill, though overgrown and crumbling, still echoes with the opulence and intrigues of its prime.”
“The Zen garden, with its meticulously raked sand and serene rocks, is a testament to the art of balance, harmony, and mindfulness.”
“The rustic vineyard, with rows of grapevines stretching to the horizon, tells tales of tradition, toil, and the exquisite alchemy of winemaking.”
“The city’s old tram, clanking and nostalgic, is a journey back in time, tracing routes of historical landmarks and collective memories.”
“The jazz bar, its ambiance thick with the aroma of cigars and old leather, resonated with soulful improvisations and heart-rending ballads.”
“The autumn forest, with leaves painting a mosaic of russets and golds, is nature’s grand farewell before winter’s slumber.”
“The quaint pottery workshop, cluttered with clay and tools, was where creativity took tangible form, molded by hands and imagination.”
“The bustling airport terminal, a nexus of reunions and goodbyes, stands testament to the interconnectedness of our global village.”
“The childhood tree swing, weathered but still swaying, holds memories of sunlit afternoons and the joy of simple pleasures.”
“The grand mosque, with its towering minarets and intricate mosaics, is a monument to faith, devotion, and architectural genius.”
“The seaside promenade at sunset, bathed in warm hues, is a favorite rendezvous for lovers, dreamers, and sunset chasers.”
“The historic theater, with its plush red curtains and golden trims, has played host to tales of drama, romance, and laughter for over a century.
“The bustling farmer’s market on a Sunday morning, with its aroma of fresh bread and the vibrant hues of seasonal flowers, encapsulates the essence of community and organic living.”
“The secluded woodland cabin, nestled among tall pines, stands as a symbol of solitude and a retreat from the frenzied pace of urban life.”
“The majestic cathedral, with its soaring spires and stained-glass windows, resonates with centuries of prayer, reflection, and awe-inspiring architecture.”
“The cozy coffee shop on the corner, with its vintage decor and the sound of steamy espresso machines, is a haven for writers, thinkers, and everyday dreamers.”
“The butterfly conservatory, a whirlwind of colors and fluttering wings, showcases the delicate beauty and diverse metamorphosis of nature’s winged jewels.”
“The bustling bazaar of Marrakech, fragrant with spices and filled with the murmur of haggling, transports visitors into the heart of Moroccan culture.”
“The serene koi pond, with its mesmerizing dance of orange and white, is a testament to the elegance and tranquility of nature in a manicured setting.”
“The vintage car rally, roaring with engines from a bygone era, celebrates the evolution, design, and nostalgia of the automotive world.”
“The observatory deck atop a skyscraper, offering panoramic city views, stands as a perch for dreamers to gaze, reflect, and aspire.”
“The fragrant lavender fields of Provence, a sea of purple under the sun, offers a sensory delight and a promise of nature’s simple pleasures.”
“The bustling train station, echoing with announcements and the rhythm of hurried footsteps, is a microcosm of journeys, reunions, and transient moments.”
“The rain-soaked alleyway, glistening under the street lamps, sets the scene for mysteries, fleeting romances, and urban tales waiting to unfold.”
“The enchanting botanical garden, bursting with exotic flora and hidden pathways, beckons nature lovers into its verdant embrace.”
“The snowy mountain peak, majestic and seemingly unreachable, challenges adventurers and evokes awe in the face of nature’s grandeur.”
“The artisanal bakery, with the seductive scent of freshly baked sourdough, celebrates the age-old tradition of bread-making and culinary artistry.”
“The regal ballroom, shimmering under chandeliers, has been the backdrop for countless dances, romances, and opulent celebrations.”
“The whimsical carousel in the park, painted with dreams and lit by nostalgia, evokes memories of childlike wonder and simpler times.”
“The tranquil tea garden, with its steaming cups and rustling bamboo, offers a pause from the mundane, an oasis for reflection and rejuvenation.”
“The abandoned factory, its walls covered in graffiti, is a canvas of urban decay, histories forgotten, and art reborn from the ashes.”
“The charming English cottage, surrounded by blooming roses and ivy-covered walls, speaks of fairy tales, timeless beauty, and homely comforts.
“The pristine alpine lake, mirrored in its clarity and surrounded by towering peaks, stands as a testament to nature’s untouched beauty and serenity.”
“The bustling fish market at dawn, alive with shouts and the silver gleam of the catch, is the very pulse of coastal life and traditions.”
“The age-old library, with its musty scent and maze of bookshelves, holds within its walls tales of yore, knowledge untapped, and the whispered secrets of countless readers.”
“The vibrant carnival parade, a symphony of colors, music, and dance, celebrates the diverse tapestry of cultures and the joyous spirit of festivity.”
“The moonlit desert, vast and enigmatic, presents a landscape of shifting sands, starry skies, and profound silences that tell tales of time and eternity.”
“The bustling Tokyo intersection, awash with neon lights and a river of pedestrians, captures the essence of modern urban life and relentless motion.”
“The tranquil zen garden, with its balanced stones and raked sand patterns, epitomizes the quest for inner peace and harmony in the external world.”
“The age-old winery, with oak barrels and an aroma of fermenting grapes, carries stories of traditions, passionate craftsmanship, and the evolution of flavors.”
“The ancient ruins, standing stoically against time, echo the grandeur of civilizations past, their triumphs, tragedies, and the inexorable march of time.”
“The bustling subway station, a mosaic of hurried commuters, talented buskers, and fleeting human connections, is the underbelly of a city’s vibrant life.”
“The golden beach at twilight, with its interplay of shadows and waves, paints a picture of solitude, reflection, and the eternal dance of tide and time.”
“The majestic opera house, illuminated and resonating with arias, stands as a monument to human creativity, passion, and the sublime power of music.”
“The bustling spice market of Istanbul, fragrant with a medley of aromas, is a sensory journey through culinary traditions and ancient trade routes.”
“The silent snow-covered village, nestled beneath a blanket of stars, whispers tales of cozy hearths, shared tales, and the magic of winter.”
“The labyrinthine souks of Marrakech, with their myriad stalls and vibrant tapestries, are a testament to the artistry, commerce, and spirited negotiations of traditional market life.”
“The expansive savannah, dotted with acacia trees and teeming with wildlife, offers a window into the raw beauty and intricate balance of the natural world.”
“The Gothic cathedral, with its towering arches and haunting gargoyles, stands as a testament to the meeting of divine aspiration and architectural innovation.”
“The jazz-filled streets of New Orleans, bursting with culture and rhythms, resonate with the soul of a city steeped in musical heritage.”
“The picturesque vine-covered cottage, bathed in morning light, evokes dreams of rustic retreats, timeless beauty, and the serenity of country living.”
“The rainforest canopy, alive with chirps, rustles, and hidden wonders, plunges the explorer into a world of biodiversity, interdependence, and nature’s lush tapestry.

Crafting a descriptive essay thesis statement is akin to framing a photograph; it sets the scene, establishes the mood, and invites readers to delve deeper into the narrative landscape.

Descriptive Essay Thesis Statement Examples About a Person

Crafting a descriptive thesis about a person involves capturing the essence, character traits, and emotions of the individual. Through vivid language, these

concise thesis statement offer insights into a person’s personality, history, or significance in the writer’s life.

“My grandmother, with her silver hair and stories of old, is a living tapestry of family history, resilience, and wisdom passed down through generations.”
“John’s infectious laughter, boundless energy, and knack for mischief paint him as the life of every gathering and the architect of countless memories.”
“Lila, with her studious demeanor and stacks of books, embodies the relentless pursuit of knowledge and the quiet strength of an intellectual warrior.”
“Captain Rodriguez, standing tall in his naval uniform, is the epitome of discipline, honor, and a lifetime dedicated to service.”
“Anna’s compassionate eyes, always alert to the needs of others, reveal a heart that cares deeply and a spirit that seeks to uplift those around her.”
“Mark’s hands, calloused from years of craftsmanship, tell tales of artistry, dedication, and the timeless beauty of handcrafted creations.”
“Lucia, with her graceful dance movements and expressive face, translates emotions into motion, telling stories that words alone cannot convey.”
“Uncle Ray’s sun-weathered face, marked by lines of joy and sorrow, is a testament to a life fully lived, filled with adventures and lessons learned.”
“Sarah’s voice, melodic and soothing, carries the weight of lullabies, shared secrets, and whispered comforts during the darkest nights.”
“Tom, with his determined stride and focused gaze, epitomizes ambition, drive, and the relentless pursuit of dreams against all odds.”

Descriptive Essay Thesis Statement Examples About the Beach

Descriptive essays about the beach often delve into the sensory experience, the changing moods of the sea, and the myriad memories created by the shore. These Specific thesis statements capture the beach’s essence, making readers long for the sound of waves and the feel of sand beneath their feet.

“The moonlit shoreline, with its rhythmic waves and silvery reflections, offers a serene sanctuary for nighttime contemplation and whispered secrets.”
“Sunset Beach, awash in hues of orange and pink, stands as nature’s canvas, portraying daily masterpieces of fleeting beauty and awe.”
“The playful beach on a summer day, echoing with children’s laughter and the distant hum of boat engines, encapsulates the joy of carefree vacations.”
“The stormy beach, with its towering waves and tempestuous skies, showcases the might of nature and the transient nature of human constructs.”
“The secluded cove, bordered by jagged cliffs and turquoise waters, serves as a hidden escape from the world, a paradise known to only a few.”
“Morning’s first light on the beach, with its soft glow and retreating tides, promises a day of possibilities, adventures, and discoveries.”
“The palm-fringed beach, with its hammocks and gentle breezes, is the epitome of tropical dreams, relaxation, and escape from life’s hustle.”
“The shell-strewn shore, a treasure trove of nature’s designs, invites beachcombers to embark on quests of discovery and wonder.”
“The surfer’s beach, with its rolling waves and adrenalized atmosphere, is a playground for daredevils, dreamers, and those in tune with the ocean’s pulse.”
“The tranquil beach at twilight, bathed in a soft purplish hue, provides a backdrop for evening strolls, introspective moments, and the beginnings of starry nights.

What is the purpose of the thesis statement of a descriptive essay?

The thesis statement of a descriptive essay serves as the focal point that gives readers a clear idea of what to expect from the essay. It encapsulates the main idea or central theme you’ll delve into. A well-written thesis sets the tone and mood for the essay, providing a sense of direction and purpose. While descriptive essays primarily focus on detailed descriptions, the thesis offers a broader view, allowing readers to grasp the significance of the details they are about to encounter. You may also be interested in our Tentative thesis statement .

How do you write a thesis for a Descriptive essay? – Step by Step Guide

Identify Your Subject: Before you can craft your thesis, you need to have a clear idea of what or who you’ll be describing. It could be a place, person, object, or event.
Determine the Central Theme or Idea: Ask yourself why you’re writing about this subject. What emotion, mood, or idea do you want to convey?
Use Vivid Language: Incorporate language that evokes sensory details. This sets the tone for the rest of your essay.
Make it Specific: A vague thesis can disengage your reader. Be specific in what you intend to describe or convey.
Keep it Concise: While it should be specific, your thesis should also be succinct. It should capture the essence without being overly wordy.
Reiterate its Importance: Your thesis should also hint at why your description matters or what significance it holds.
Review and Refine: Once drafted, read your thesis aloud. Does it convey what you want? If not, refine it until it resonates.

Tips for Writing a Descriptive Essay Thesis Statement

Engage the Senses: Use language that paints a picture, evoking taste, sight, sound, touch, and smell.
Avoid Being Too General: General statements don’t evoke emotions or imagery. Delve into specifics.
Align with the Body of Your Essay: Ensure that your thesis hints at the descriptive details you’ll expand upon in the main body.
Seek Feedback: Sometimes, it’s beneficial to get an outside perspective. Share your thesis with a friend or teacher and get their feedback.
Revise: Don’t be afraid to change your thesis if you feel it doesn’t fit as your essay develops.

Descriptive essay thesis statements are pivotal in setting the stage for vivid, evocative writing. They encapsulate the heart of your description, guiding readers into the depths of your narrative. By crafting a compelling thesis, you not only guide your readers but also enhance the overall quality and impact of your essay. Our persuasive speech thesis statement is also worth a look at.

Thesis Statement Generator for Descriptive Essay

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Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates

Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates

Published on June 7, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on November 21, 2023.

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical early steps in your writing process . It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding the specifics of your dissertation topic and showcasing its relevance to your field.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation , such as:

Your anticipated title
Your abstract
Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review, research methods, avenues for future research, etc.)

In the final product, you can also provide a chapter outline for your readers. This is a short paragraph at the end of your introduction to inform readers about the organizational structure of your thesis or dissertation. This chapter outline is also known as a reading guide or summary outline.

How to outline your thesis or dissertation, dissertation and thesis outline templates, chapter outline example, sample sentences for your chapter outline, sample verbs for variation in your chapter outline, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis and dissertation outlines.

While there are some inter-institutional differences, many outlines proceed in a fairly similar fashion.

Working Title
“Elevator pitch” of your work (often written last).
Introduce your area of study, sharing details about your research question, problem statement , and hypotheses . Situate your research within an existing paradigm or conceptual or theoretical framework .
Subdivide as you see fit into main topics and sub-topics.
Describe your research methods (e.g., your scope , population , and data collection ).
Present your research findings and share about your data analysis methods.
Answer the research question in a concise way.
Interpret your findings, discuss potential limitations of your own research and speculate about future implications or related opportunities.

For a more detailed overview of chapters and other elements, be sure to check out our article on the structure of a dissertation or download our template .

To help you get started, we’ve created a full thesis or dissertation template in Word or Google Docs format. It’s easy adapt it to your own requirements.

Download Word template Download Google Docs template

Chapter outline example American English

It can be easy to fall into a pattern of overusing the same words or sentence constructions, which can make your work monotonous and repetitive for your readers. Consider utilizing some of the alternative constructions presented below.

Example 1: Passive construction

The passive voice is a common choice for outlines and overviews because the context makes it clear who is carrying out the action (e.g., you are conducting the research ). However, overuse of the passive voice can make your text vague and imprecise.

Example 2: IS-AV construction

You can also present your information using the “IS-AV” (inanimate subject with an active verb ) construction.

A chapter is an inanimate object, so it is not capable of taking an action itself (e.g., presenting or discussing). However, the meaning of the sentence is still easily understandable, so the IS-AV construction can be a good way to add variety to your text.

Example 3: The “I” construction

Another option is to use the “I” construction, which is often recommended by style manuals (e.g., APA Style and Chicago style ). However, depending on your field of study, this construction is not always considered professional or academic. Ask your supervisor if you’re not sure.

Example 4: Mix-and-match

To truly make the most of these options, consider mixing and matching the passive voice , IS-AV construction , and “I” construction .This can help the flow of your argument and improve the readability of your text.

As you draft the chapter outline, you may also find yourself frequently repeating the same words, such as “discuss,” “present,” “prove,” or “show.” Consider branching out to add richness and nuance to your writing. Here are some examples of synonyms you can use.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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The title page of your thesis or dissertation goes first, before all other content or lists that you may choose to include.

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review , research methods , avenues for future research, etc.)

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What Is a Thesis?
A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master's program or a capstone to a bachelor's degree. Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation, it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete.
How to Write a Thesis Statement
Step 2: Write your initial answer. After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process. The internet has had more of a positive than a negative effect on education.
Developing a Thesis Statement
A thesis statement . . . Makes an argumentative assertion about a topic; it states the conclusions that you have reached about your topic. Makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of your paper. Is focused and specific enough to be "proven" within the boundaries of your paper. Is generally located near the end ...
What is a thesis
A thesis is an in-depth research study that identifies a particular topic of inquiry and presents a clear argument or perspective about that topic using evidence and logic. Writing a thesis showcases your ability of critical thinking, gathering evidence, and making a compelling argument. Integral to these competencies is thorough research ...
Thesis and Purpose Statements
A thesis statement makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of the paper. It summarizes the conclusions that the writer has reached about the topic. A thesis statement is generally located near the end of the introduction. Sometimes in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or an entire ...
Thesis Statements
A thesis statement: tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion. is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself.
Thesis
This chapter provides a detailed description of the research methods used to gather and analyze data. It should explain the research design, the sampling method, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures. ... The purpose of a thesis is to present original research findings in a clear and organized manner. It is a formal document ...
Academic Guides: Writing a Paper: Thesis Statements
The thesis statement is the brief articulation of your paper's central argument and purpose. You might hear it referred to as simply a "thesis." Every scholarly paper should have a thesis statement, and strong thesis statements are concise, specific, and arguable. Concise means the thesis is short: perhaps one or two sentences for a shorter paper.
Writing a Thesis Statement
A thesis statement is a sentence that states the topic and purpose of your paper. A good thesis statement will direct the structure of your essay and will allow your reader to understand the ideas you will discuss within your paper. Where does a Thesis Statement go? Your thesis should be stated somewhere in the opening paragraphs of your paper ...
Developing A Thesis
A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue—that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay. Steps in Constructing a Thesis. First, analyze your primary sources. Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication.
PDF The Thesis Statement: Purpose and Process
In general, a thesis statement expresses the purpose or main point of your essay. Additionally, the thesis may include the significance of or your opinion on this topic. It is your commitment to the reader about the content, purpose, and organization of your paper. The thesis statement is usually placed at the end of the introduction, (though ...
FAQ: What is a thesis statement and how do I write one?
A thesis statement is a sentence that states the main idea of your paper. It is not just a statement of fact, but a statement of position. ... Does your thesis accurately describes your purpose or argue your claim? Can I see some example thesis statements? The following websites have examples of thesis statements:
PDF The purpose and importance of the thesis: What is a thesis?
A design‐based thesis is very similar but it uses a particular site or design problem and shows actual application of knowledge and skills necessary to address needs and challenges. A "thesis" (as in the paper you write), is a presentation of your research, analysis of that research, and
Thesis Statement Description
Basically, a thesis statement is an assertion that the research paper is intended to prove or support. However, it does much more than simply announce a topic: it structures and controls the writer's entire argument and reaches a definite conclusion about that specific assertion. Any "paper" that merely combines a series of random paragraphs ...
PDF Guide to Writing a Thesis in English (M.A. and M.S. Degrees)
formatted thesis is satisfactorily received, they must file a copy of the thesis with the university via ProQuest. C. Applying to Write a Thesis (Step #1) The application to write a thesis is not a formal thesis proposal. It is a statement of intent to pursue the Master's Thesis track and an initial description of the student's projected topic.
What Is a Thesis?
A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a PhD program in the UK. Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Indeed, alongside a dissertation, it is the longest piece of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to ...
How to Write a Thesis or Dissertation Introduction
How to Write a Thesis or Dissertation Introduction. Published on September 7, 2022 by Tegan George and Shona McCombes. Revised on November 21, 2023. The introduction is the first section of your thesis or dissertation, appearing right after the table of contents.Your introduction draws your reader in, setting the stage for your research with a clear focus, purpose, and direction on a relevant ...
The Purpose and Thesis Statement Tutorial
The Thesis. Your thesis statement should clearly articulate the purpose and main points of your speech. Think of the thesis as the rocket that will guide the spaceship—that is, your speech. It's there at the beginning, and in some ways, it guides the trajectory of your speech. Defining a thesis is essentially constructing the structural ...
The Writing Center
In college, academic writing follows a specific pattern— after a brief opening, you state your position in one clear sentence. Whether your essay is explanatory or argumentative, a strong thesis statement will provide the map, guiding the entire essay. Confusion arises, however, over the difference between a purpose statement and a thesis.
Proving the Thesis
It is critical to keep focused on the purpose of your writing: to prove the thesis. If you are planning an essay, start with at least a scratch outline and a working thesis - a starting thesis that you know you might change as you draft your paper. ... Description. Description is to help bring the reader into the writing. Specific ...
Thesis Statement for Descriptive Essay
A well-written thesis sets the tone and mood for the essay, providing a sense of direction and purpose. While descriptive essays primarily focus on detailed descriptions, the thesis offers a broader view, allowing readers to grasp the significance of the details they are about to encounter.
Dissertation & Thesis Outline
Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates. Published on June 7, 2022 by Tegan George.Revised on November 21, 2023. A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical early steps in your writing process.It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding the specifics of your dissertation topic and showcasing its relevance to ...
Purpose vs Thesis: When To Use Each One? What To Consider
The proper word to use depends on the context of the writing. In general, purpose refers to the reason for writing the paper, while thesis refers to the main argument or point that the paper will make. More specifically, the purpose of a paper can be defined as the intended outcome or goal of the writing.
Towns in Kalidāsa's Kāvyas and the Thesis of Urban Decay
Abstract. This essay tries to look at the way in which Kālidāsa approaches towns in his three kāvyas: Meghadūta, Kumārasaṁbhava and Raghuvaṁśa. Most of the descriptions are stereotypical, using stock phrases and formulaic expressions, some of them straight from texts like the Arthaśāstra. However, there is one city that is described ...

What is a thesis | A Complete Guide with Examples

Table of Contents

What is a thesis?

What is a thesis statement?

Different types of thesis statements

Argumentative (or Persuasive) thesis statement

Analytical thesis statement

Expository (or Descriptive) thesis statement

Cause and effect thesis statement

Compare and contrast thesis statement

What is the difference between a thesis and a thesis statement?

15 components of a thesis structure

Acknowledgments

Table of contents

List of figures and tables

Introduction

Literature review section

Methodology

Results (or Findings)

Practical implications (Recommendation) section

References (or Bibliography)

Glossary (optional)

Thesis examples

Checklist for your thesis evaluation

Preparing your thesis defense

Dissertation vs. Thesis

Wrapping up

Frequently Asked Questions

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Thesis and Purpose Statements

Thesis statements

Purpose statements

Sample purpose and thesis statements

Writing Process and Structure

Getting Started with Your Paper

Creating an Argument

Working with Sources

Drafting Your Paper

Revising Your Paper

Finishing Your Paper

Writing Collaboratively

Thesis Statements

Introduction

What is a thesis statement?

How do I create a thesis?

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

Works consulted

Thesis – Structure, Example and Writing Guide

History of Thesis

Structure of Thesis

Introduction

Literature Review

Methodology

How to write Thesis

Example of Thesis

Application of Thesis

Purpose of Thesis

When to Write Thesis

Characteristics of Thesis

Advantages of Thesis

Limitations of Thesis

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

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Being Specific

Making a Unique Argument

Creating a Debate

Choosing the Right Words

Leaving Room for Discussion

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