• Intellectual-disabilities

Navigating Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disabilities (ID, formerly known as mental retardation ) are characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning (such as learning, problem-solving, and judgement) and adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. This condition affects approximately 1-3% of the global population, signifying its relevance across diverse communities and cultures. For those seeking to understand or support someone with ID, this document provides an encompassing view, including detailed discussions on the nature of ID, different levels of severity, and their implications in daily life.

What is Intellectual Disability?

Intellectual disabilities are defined by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which includes various conceptual, social, and practical skills. This condition originates before the age of 18, impacting both children and adults in their daily lives and overall developmental progression.

Unlike learning disabilities, which specifically impede the capacity to learn in a particular learning modality (e.g., auditory, visual information processing) or skill set (e.g., reading, mathematics), ID encompasses a broader spectrum of cognitive and adaptive difficulties. These challenges are not limited to academic learning but affect the individual's overall ability to participate fully in society.

Regarding the severity of intellectual disability, it can be classified into four levels: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Each level has distinctive implications on the individual's capacity for independence, educational requirements, and the type of support needed. For instance, someone with a mild intellectual disability might live independently with minimal support, while an individual with a profound disability might require intensive, 24-hour care. This breakdown aids in understanding the diverse needs and support frameworks essential for enhancing life quality for those with ID.

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Recognizing Intellectual Disability: Signs and Early Detection

Recognizing the early signs of intellectual disability (ID) is crucial for timely intervention and support. Early detection significantly improves the outcomes and quality of life for individuals with ID. Here is a checklist of early signs, aligned with developmental milestones, to look out for:

  • Delayed milestones such as sitting up, crawling, walking, or talking
  • Difficulty mastering tasks like potty training or dressing independently
  • Problems with remembering things or understanding social rules
  • Trouble with problem-solving or logical thinking
  • Difficulties in understanding and following instructions
  • Less curiosity about the world compared to peers

The Urgency of Early Detection and Intervention

The identification of intellectual disabilities at an early stage allows for the implementation of tailored educational and support programs, which can significantly influence the individual's ability to develop useful life skills and improve their overall functionality. Early intervention programs are designed to boost cognitive, social, and emotional development, laying a foundation for a more independent future.

Step-by-Step Guide to the Assessment Process

If you suspect that a child might have an intellectual disability based on early signs, a structured assessment process is essential. Here's a guide on proceeding with the evaluation:

  • Initial Consultation : Start by consulting a pediatrician or primary care provider who can review the developmental concerns.
  • Specialized Referral : Based on the review, the next step often involves referrals to specialists like developmental-behavioral pediatricians, child neurologists, or psychologists.
  • Comprehensive Evaluation : These specialists conduct thorough evaluations, including cognitive testing and assessments of adaptive behaviors.
  • Team Approach : The assessment may involve a team, including speech-language pathologists, occupational therapists, and sometimes, geneticists, to fully understand the child’s abilities and challenges.
  • Developing an Intervention Plan : Once the diagnosis is confirmed, an individualized intervention plan that targets the child’s unique needs is created.

Understanding whom to contact and the steps involved demystifies the process and encourages seeking help early, which can make a significant difference in a child’s development.

Tailored Support: Creating Individualized Plans

Since intellectual disabilities are not illnesses but rather conditions of varying degrees and spectra, creating Individualized Support Plans (ISPs) becomes crucial in addressing each person's unique needs and aptitudes. Here's a step-by-step process to craft effective ISPs:

  • Assess Individual Needs : A comprehensive evaluation of the individual's cognitive, social, and practical abilities forms the foundation. This assessment includes input from psychologists, educators, and therapists.
  • Set Personalized Goals : Based on the assessment, set short-term and long-term goals tailored to the individual's abilities and potential growth areas. These goals should span various aspects of life, including education, social skills, and independence.
  • Develop Strategies and Supports : Identify specific strategies, teaching methods, and supports necessary to achieve these goals. This might involve tailored educational programs, social skills training, and practical life skills development.
  • Implement the Plan : With a team of caregivers, educators, and therapists, implement the plan, making adjustments as necessary to accommodate progress and changes in needs.
  • Regular Review and Adjustment : Periodically review the plan's effectiveness, assessing progress towards goals, and make adjustments as necessary. This ensures that the ISP evolves with the individual's development and changing needs.

Mastering Daily Life: Adaptive Skills and Strategies

Individual Support Plans address intellectual functioning but also emphasize the development of adaptive skills essential for independence and integration into society. Enhancing conceptual, social, and practical skills is pivotal in this regard.

  • Conceptual Skills : Fostering decision-making, problem-solving abilities, and understanding money management.
  • Social Skills : Encouraging effective communication, understanding of social cues, and building positive relationships.
  • Practical Skills : Teaching tasks such as personal care, household chores, and navigating public transportation.

Practical tips for parents to encourage independence

Parents play a crucial role in developing their child's independence. Start with simple, achievable tasks to build confidence, use visual aids and step-by-step instructions for complex activities, and consistently encourage problem-solving and decision-making in daily routines.

Aging with Intellectual Disability: Long-Term Care Needs

As individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) grow older, their needs evolve, necessitating a careful planning and adaptation of long-term care strategies. Aging adults with ID may face unique challenges, including an increased susceptibility to physical health issues, such as early-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease, compounded by a lifetime of managing their intellectual disability. Additionally, social isolation becomes a significant concern as family members age and peer support networks may dwindle. Holistically addressing these needs involves coordinating healthcare services that are cognizant of the cognitive limitations, ensuring adaptive living environments that promote independence, and fostering social connections to combat isolation.

Resources and Support Networks

For older individuals with ID and their families, a plethora of resources and support networks play a crucial role in navigating the complexities of aging. Organizations dedicated to intellectual disabilities often extend their services to cater to the geriatric population, offering guidance on legal guardianship, estate planning, and access to adult day care programs. Support networks, both online and in-person, provide a community of empathy, sharing lived experiences and practical advice. Furthermore, government programs and non-profits may offer financial assistance, respite care, and tailored health services, ensuring a coordinated approach to care and support.

Conclusion: Embracing Inclusion and Progress

People with intellectual disabilities, as they age, remind us of the critical role of understanding and compassionate support across the lifespan. Through proactive planning, tailored care, and robust support systems, we can significantly enhance the quality of life for older adults with ID.

Reflecting on this, it becomes imperative for society to persist in advocacy efforts and actively participate in community initiatives aimed at inclusion. Transformative change occurs when we recognize the inherent value of every individual, advocating for policies and practices that uphold the dignity and rights of those with intellectual disabilities.

Acknowledging the strength within the ID community - the resilience of individuals, the dedication of families, and the commitment of caregivers and professionals - reinforces our collective responsibility. Together, we can build a more inclusive world that cherishes diversity and fosters mutual respect and understanding, at every stage of life.

Additional Intellectual Disabilities Articles

  • Behavioral Characteristics of Intellectual Disabilities
  • Causes of Intellectual Disabilities
  • Diagnosis for Intellectual Disabilities
  • Disabilities Introduction
  • How to Support a Person with Intellectual Disability 
  • Intellectual Disability Treatment
  • Psychological Tests for Intellectual Disability 
  • Signs of Intellectual Disability 
  • Social Skills Training for Intellectual Disabilities

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  • Adaptive Behavior (Life Skills)
  • Additional Support Services for People with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Families: Community Supports
  • Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) and Intellectual Disabilities
  • Behavioral and Psychological Features of Intellectual Disabilities
  • Diagnostic Criteria for Intellectual Disabilities: DSM-5 Criteria
  • Educational Supports and Individual Educational Plans (IEPs)
  • Effective Teaching Methods for People With Intellectual Disabilities
  • Genetic Causes of Intellectual Disabilities: Down Syndrome
  • Genetic Causes of Intellectual Disabilities: Fragile X Syndrome
  • Genetic Causes of Intellectual Disabilities: Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RTS) and Tay-Sachs disease
  • Historical And Contemporary Perspectives on Intellectual Disabilities
  • History of Stigmatizing Names for Intellectual Disabilities
  • History of Stigmatizing Names for Intellectual Disabilities Continued
  • Individualized Support Plans: Adaptive Functioning & Life Skills
  • Intellectual Disabilities
  • Intellectual Disabilities and Supportive Rehabilitation: Developing an Individualized Support Plan (ISP)
  • Intellectual Disabilities Resources and References
  • Intellectual Disability and Other Psychiatric Disorders
  • Intellectual Disability and Severity Codes
  • Intellectual Functioning (Mental Abilities)
  • Medical Causes of Intellectual Disabilities: Infections and Brain Damage
  • Onset and Prevalence of Intellectual Disabilities
  • Physical Therapy and Sensory Skills Training
  • Psychological Tests and Intellectual Disabilities
  • Psychological Tests and Intellectual Disabilities Continued
  • Reducing the Stigma of Intellectual Disabilities: The Evolution of Modern Medical Explanations
  • Reproductive Rights for People with Intellectual Disabilities
  • Signs and Symptoms of Intellectual Disability
  • Social Skills Training
  • Supported Employment and Integrated Work Sites
  • Tests of Adaptive Functioning
  • The Causes and Prevention of Intellectual Disability
  • The Choice of Educational Settings: The Pros and Cons of Mainstreaming Children With Intellectual Disabilities
  • The Diagnosis of Intellectual Disabilities
  • Therapies for Intellectual Disabilities and Outdated/Unproven Treatments
  • What Is an Intellectual Disability?
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Book Reviews

In 2 essay collections, writers with disabilities tell their own stories.

Ilana Masad

About Us

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More than 1 in 5 people living in the U.S. has a disability, making it the largest minority group in the country.

Despite the civil rights law that makes it illegal to discriminate against a person based on disability status — Americans with Disabilities Act passed in 1990 — only 40 percent of disabled adults in what the Brookings Institute calls "prime working age," that is 25-54, are employed. That percentage is almost doubled for non-disabled adults of the same age. But even beyond the workforce — which tends to be the prime category according to which we define useful citizenship in the U.S. — the fact is that people with disabilities (or who are disabled — the language is, for some, interchangeable, while others have strong rhetorical and political preferences), experience a whole host of societal stigmas that range from pity to disbelief to mockery to infantilization to fetishization to forced sterilization and more.

But disabled people have always existed, and in two recent essay anthologies, writers with disabilities prove that it is the reactions, attitudes, and systems of our society which are harmful, far more than anything their own bodies throw at them.

About Us: Essays from the Disability Series of the New York Times, edited by Peter Catapano and Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, collects around 60 essays from the column, which began in 2016, and divides them into eight self-explanatory sections: Justice, Belonging, Working, Navigating, Coping, Love, Family, and Joy. The title, which comes from the 1990s disability rights activist slogan "Nothing about us without us," explains the book's purpose: to give those with disabilities the platform and space to write about their own experiences rather than be written about.

While uniformly brief, the essays vary widely in terms of tone and topic. Some pieces examine particular historical horrors in which disability was equated with inhumanity, like the "The Nazis' First Victims Were the Disabled" by Kenny Fries (the title says it all) or "Where All Bodies Are Exquisite" by Riva Lehrer, in which Lehrer, who was born with spina bifida in 1958, "just as surgeons found a way to close the spina bifida lesion," visits the Mutter Museum in Philadelphia. There, she writes:

"I am confronted with a large case full of specimen jars. Each jar contains a late-term fetus, and all of the fetuses have the same disability: Their spinal column failed to fuse all the way around their spinal cord, leaving holes (called lesions) in their spine. [...] I stand in front of these tiny humans and try not to pass out. I have never seen what I looked like on the day I was born."

Later, she adds, "I could easily have ended up as a teaching specimen in a jar. But luck gave me a surgeon."

Other essays express the joys to be found in experiences unfamiliar to non-disabled people, such as the pair of essays by Molly McCully Brown and Susannah Nevison in which the two writers and friends describe the comfort and intimacy between them because of shared — if different — experiences; Brown writes at the end of her piece:

"We're talking about our bodies, and then not about our bodies, about her dog, and my classes, and the zip line we'd like to string between us [... a]nd then we're talking about our bodies again, that sense of being both separate and not separate from the skin we're in. And it hits me all at once that none of this is in translation, none of this is explaining. "

conclusion of intellectual disability essay

From the cover of Resistance and Hope: Essays by Disabled People, edited by Alice Wong Disability Visibility Project hide caption

From the cover of Resistance and Hope: Essays by Disabled People, edited by Alice Wong

While there's something of value in each of these essays, partially because they don't toe to a single party line but rather explore the nuances of various disabilities, there's an unfortunate dearth of writers with intellectual disabilities in this collection. I also noticed that certain sections focused more on people who've acquired a disability during their lifetime and thus went through a process of mourning, coming to terms with, or overcoming their new conditions. While it's true — and emphasized more than once — that many of us, as we age, will become disabled, the process of normalization must begin far earlier if we're to become a society that doesn't discriminate against or segregate people with disabilities.

One of the contributors to About Us, disability activist and writer Alice Wong, edited and published another anthology just last year, Resistance and Hope: Essays by Disabled People , through the Disability Visibility Project which publishes and supports disability media and is partnered with StoryCorps. The e-book, which is available in various accessible formats, features 17 physically and/or intellectually disabled writers considering the ways in which resistance and hope intersect. And they do — and must, many of these writers argue — intersect, for without a hope for a better future, there would be no point to such resistance. Attorney and disability justice activist Shain M. Neumeir writes:

"Those us who've chosen a life of advocacy and activism aren't hiding from the world in a bubble as the alt-right and many others accuse us of doing. Anything but. Instead, we've chosen to go back into the fires that forged us, again and again, to pull the rest of us out, and to eventually put the fires out altogether."

You don't go back into a burning building unless you hope to find someone inside that is still alive.

The anthology covers a range of topics: There are clear and necessary explainers — like disability justice advocate and organizer Lydia X. Z. Brown's "Rebel — Don't Be Palatable: Resisting Co-optation and Fighting for the World We Want" — about what disability justice means, how we work towards it, and where such movements must resist both the pressures of systemic attacks (such as the threatened cuts to coverage expanded by the Affordable Care Act) and internal gatekeeping and horizontal oppression (such as a community member being silenced due to an unpopular or uninformed opinion). There are essays that involve the work of teaching towards a better future, such as community lawyer Talila A. Lewis's "the birth of resistance: courageous dreams, powerful nobodies & revolutionary madness" which opens with a creative classroom writing prompt: "The year is 2050. There are no prisons. What does justice look like?" And there are, too, personal meditations on what resistance looks like for people who don't always have the mobility or ability to march in the streets or confront their lawmakers in person, as Ojibwe writer Mari Kurisato explains:

"My resistance comes from who I am as a Native and as an LGBTQIA woman. Instinctively, the first step is reaching out and making connections across social media and MMO [massively multiplayer online] games, the only places where my social anxiety lets me interact with people on any meaningful level."

The authors of these essays mostly have a clear activist bent, and are working, lauded, active people; they are gracious, vivid parts of society. Editor Alice Wong demonstrates her own commitments in the diversity of these writers' lived experiences: they are people of color and Native folk, they encompass the LGBTQIA+ spectrum, they come from different class backgrounds, and their disabilities range widely. They are also incredibly hopeful: Their commitment to disability justice comes despite many being multiply marginalized. Artist and poet Noemi Martinez, who is queer, chronically ill, and a first generation American, writes that "Not all communities are behind me and my varied identities, but I defend, fight, and work for the rights of the members of all my communities." It cannot be easy to fight for those who oppress parts of you, and yet this is part of Martinez's commitment.

While people with disabilities have long been subjected to serve as "inspirations" for the non-disabled, this anthology's purpose is not to succumb to this gaze, even though its authors' drive, creativity, and true commitment to justice and reform is apparent. Instead, these essays are meant to spur disabled and non-disabled people alike into action, to remind us that even if we can't see the end result, it is the fight for equality and better conditions for us all that is worth it. As activist and MFA student Aleksei Valentin writes:

"Inspiration doesn't come first. Even hope doesn't come first. Action comes first. As we act, as we speak, as we resist, we find our inspiration, our hope, that which helps us inspire others and keep moving forward, no matter the setbacks and no matter the defeats."

Ilana Masad is an Israeli American fiction writer, critic and founder/host of the podcast The Other Stories . Her debut novel, All My Mother's Lovers, is forthcoming from Dutton in 2020.

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Intellectual Disabilities, Essay Example

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Definition:  An intellectual disability (also called mental retardation or cognitive disabilities) refers to people who have limitations in regards to mental functioning that can impair their ability to communicate, interact socially, and care for themselves.  The rate at which such children learn and develop can be markedly slower than normal children.  Special education services are provided for children with intellectual disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (Heward, 2008).

Causes:  The most common causes of intellectual disabilities are genetic conditions, problems during pregnancy, problems at birth, and health problems (National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2011).

Prevalence:  According to the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (2011), 1 in every 10 children who need special education have a form of intellectual disability, and 6.5 million people in the United States have an intellectual disability (National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2011).

Classroom Accommodations:   Adapting the classroom environment and delivery methods is an integral part of special education and a valuable way of providing support to students with intellectual disabilities.

Classroom Environment:

  • Testing in small groups or a separate room
  • Providing noise buffers such as earplugs or headphones
  • Minimize the number of transitions over the course of a day

Teacher Presentation/Strategies:

  • Sequence the steps involved in learning a skill or concept
  • Use a variety of instructional methods
  • Provide opportunities for students to work in pairs or small learning groups
  • Use print and non-print sources
  • Teach the student to use personal organizers for time management
  • Encourage the student to use tools which self-correct

Assessments:

  • Adapt the assessment format
  • Read or clarify the question for the student
  • Provide periodic supervised breaks
  • (National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2011)

National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities. (2011). Intellectual disability. Retrieved from http://nichcy.org/disability/specific/intellectual

Heward, W.L. (2008). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education. 9th ed. New   York, NY: Prentice Hall.

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People with intellectual disabilities: Towards a good life?

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People with intellectual disabilities: Towards a good life?

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This concluding chapter reviews the philosophical ideas that support people's relationships with each other as citizens. It presents the argument that there is a need to move beyond an inward-looking approach towards disability in order to be ready to explore ideas and theories from outside the field. This would help in informing new ways of working and of viewing the nature of intellectual disability.

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Including People with Disabilities: Public Health Workforce Competencies

conclusion graphic

The four Competencies and associated learning objectives will address the knowledge gaps for public health professionals about disability, and health disparities. They provide foundational knowledge about the relationship between public health programs and health outcomes among people with disabilities. The Competencies can also be embedded into existing public health curriculum and training programs.

Implementation of these Competencies, and strategies, will build a stronger public health workforce skilled in ways to include people with disabilities in public health planning efforts and reduce health disparities for this population.

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NY's disability support workers need a raise in the state budget

Legislators at the New York State Capitol in Albany are negotiating...

Legislators at the New York State Capitol in Albany are negotiating the 2024-25 state budget that could address the Medicaid funding gap. Credit: AP/Hans Pennink

More than 130,000 New Yorkers are living with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) and 85% of them are served by nonprofit providers. Over the last decade, the nonprofit I/DD community has experienced a dramatic shortfall in staffing, high turnover rates, and rising costs of operations that are no longer met by Medicaid funding. This gap is growing larger and makes it difficult to meet the essential needs of people living with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

State legislators negotiating the 2024-25 state budget can address this funding gap by committing the necessary resources to ensure that vital care can be provided for people living with I/DD by investing in the agencies and professionals who serve this population.

The Invest in Me campaign is supported by nonprofit provider associations across the state. This campaign is seeking legislative support for a 3.2% cost-of-living adjustment in the Medicaid reimbursement rate along with a $4,000 base salary increase for direct support professionals, the workers who support people living with intellectual and developmental disabilities, in this year’s budget.

The nonprofit I/DD community is not immune to inflation. Operating costs for repairs and maintenance of residential homes, program facilities, food, supplies, and transportation for the people we support, along with mandated staff fringe benefits and insurance costs continue to outpace the current proposed 1.5% cost-of-living adjustment in this year’s budget. I/DD provider agencies are primarily funded by Medicaid and New York State contracts and have no authority to increase our service fees to compensate for these increased costs.

Direct support professionals provide vital, daily care and assistance to individuals with I/DD, including meal preparation, medication administration, transportation, and behavior support. They also offer essential emotional and psychological support, personal care, money management, and life skills training so that individuals with I/DD may attain independence. These workers are the most important resource we have to support people living with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

From our Editorial Board, get inside the local, city and state political scenes.

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Unfortunately, over the last 10 years, nonprofit agencies have seen a crippling level of staff turnover — 30% statewide, which is estimated to cost them over $100 million annually. As a result, more than 17% of positions remain vacant, reducing the quality and availability of essential services to the I/DD population.

Recruiting and retaining skilled workers can be enhanced through a bill in Albany that would provide agencies with annual funding of $4,000 per eligible employee to be used to enhance the hourly rate for these staff members.

Passing this bill would take a critically important step toward addressing the inequity in wages between nonprofit providers, who can only afford to offer new workers slightly above the state’s minimum wage, and state-operated facilities, which can afford to offer starting wages that are 65% above the state’s minimum wage.

As the leader of a nonprofit supporting people with I/DD for 40 years, I know that the future of this industry lies in the hands of Albany. I speak for the 2,200 direct support professionals employed by the Kinexion Network on Long Island who are the backbone of our industry and deserve a fair wage.

The New York Alliance for Inclusion and Innovation, the Inter Agency Council, and the New York Disability Advocates are aligned in supporting these budget requests, which represent a significant public investment in the nonprofit agencies and staff who care for people with I/DD.

This guest essay reflects the views of Walter Stockton, president and chief executive of the Kinexion Network, a management service organization for an affiliate network of seven Long Island nonprofits supporting 5,000 people living with I/DD.

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Measles Cases are Rising. Here’s What to Know About Symptoms.

Infected people can spread the virus before even realizing they have it.

A man on a couch coughs into his arm. He is wearing a beige hoodie.

By Dani Blum

Health officials are raising alarm about the spread of measles in the United States and across the globe .

On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a health advisory urging people over the age of 6 months who are traveling internationally to get vaccinated against the highly infectious virus. The agency also said that anyone returning to the United States from abroad should watch out for measles symptoms for three weeks after they arrive home.

Here’s what to know about how the virus spreads and what its symptoms look like.

How and when measles spreads

Part of what makes measles so tricky to contain is that infected people can easily spread the virus before even realizing they have it. Someone with measles can transmit the infection for up to four days before developing a telltale rash, according to the C.D.C.

Measles spreads when someone who is sick coughs or sneezes, said Dr. Paul Offit, a vaccine expert at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. The virus can linger in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves a room. People can also contract measles by touching a surface that a sick person has contaminated and then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. “It’s the most contagious of the vaccine-preventable diseases,” Dr. Offit said.

Symptoms to watch out for

It typically takes one to two weeks for someone to feel ill after coming into contact with the virus. The earliest symptoms tend to be a cough, runny nose, pink eye and a fever. Some people may have a fever that goes above 104 degrees, which can be particularly dangerous for young children. Fewer than one in every 10 people with measles will also develop diarrhea, according to the agency.

“It’s a pretty miserable disease,” said Dr. Sean O’Leary, a professor of pediatric infectious diseases specialist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.

Two to three days after symptoms first appear, people with measles can develop tiny white spots inside the mouth, sometimes called Koplik spots. A rash breaks out across the skin, typically around a day or two later, often starting as flat red spots on the face that then spread to the neck, torso, arms, legs and feet. The rash usually fades after around six days, according to the World Health Organization. The C.D.C. recommends that people isolate for four days after they develop a rash, since they can remain contagious for that period of time.

Most cases of measles are mild, but the virus can lead to severe complications, especially in infants, very young children and people with compromised immune systems. The disease can be fatal. Pregnant women who are not vaccinated and contract measles can give birth prematurely or have a baby with a low birth weight. One in about every 10 children with measles will develop an ear infection . Measles can also lead to pneumonia, which is the most common cause of death from measles in young children, and it can cause blindness. Children can also develop brain swelling that can lead to deafness or intellectual disabilities.

Vaccination is the best way to protect against the disease, Dr. Offit said. Doctors typically recommend that children be vaccinated starting at age 1, although they can get vaccinated earlier in some cases. The C.D.C. advisory encouraged parents traveling internationally to vaccinate babies older than 6 months.

Some people with compromised immune systems, like those receiving chemotherapy, may not be able to get vaccinated. But for those who can get vaccinated, protection typically can last a lifetime, he said — and it’s never too late to get the shots.

Dani Blum is a health reporter for The Times. More about Dani Blum

291 Disability Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best disability topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on disability, ✅ simple & easy disability essay titles, 💡 most interesting disability topics to write about, 🎓 good research topics about disability, ⭐ interesting topics to write about disability, ❓ research questions about disabilities.

  • How Does Society Treat the Disabled People | Essay on Disability The practical demands of these jobs, such as sales and sports, would not allow a disabled person to engage in them meaningfully.
  • Case Study of a Child with Intellectual Disability It is crucial to integrate the input of a learning coach into the school curriculum to encourage the participation of Meagan’s parents in his educational endeavors. We will write a custom essay specifically for you by our professional experts 808 writers online Learn More
  • Sociocultural Barriers for People With Disabilities On the other hand, stigmatization, stereotyping and prejudice have been highlighted as the barriers to social inclusion of people with disabilities in society.
  • Government Grants for People With Disabilities The paper will be based on the conditions of disabled people and the federal or state grants that they could receive in order to facilitate changes in their health and work.
  • Managing Students With Disabilities Instructional issues that are encountered in education are those arising due to the inability of the students to acquire, maintain, and relate the skills that are learned in class to other settings within and outside […]
  • Women, Development and Disabilities The mission of the organization is to enhance the voice of women in society and influence other organizations that advocate for women rights.
  • Disability is not Inability: A Different Perspective The Tourette’s syndrome is a condition that affects the normal functions of both the body and the mind of an individual, hence causing them to do or utter inappropriate things given the circumstances and environment.
  • The Problems of Children With Disabilities and Possible Ways of Solution It is very important for disabled people to be on the same level with others in the conditions that compensate the deviations in the development and constraints of the abilities in learning.
  • Poems with Disabilities by Jim Ferris This is good evidence for the argument of the need to eliminate the issue of ableism. Language evolves gradually, and countering the issue of ableism is a long-term goal.
  • Children With Learning Disabilities The following research questions will be used in achieving the objectives: What is the role of learning disabilities in affecting the ability of the students to learn?
  • The Definition of Disability in Clare’s “Freaks and Queers” These words, in the view of the author, can be used as a disguise or as weapons, and the queer and disabled are capable of taking them from the abusers and use them to build […]
  • Computer-Based Technologies That Assist People With Disabilities The visually impaired To assist the visually impaired to use computers, there are Braille computer keyboards and Braille display to enable them to enter information and read it. Most of these devices are very expensive […]
  • Child and Youth Care Perspective on Disability The origin of ASD is still unclear for the medical society, but it is assumed that the combination of genetic and environmental factors can cause it.
  • Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) There is a commission in the US that fights for the rights of people with disabilities when it comes to employment.
  • The Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities Policy The paper outlines the proper policy and procedure of incident reporting and investigation and thus, provides how to become an agent for the Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities and satisfy individuals receiving services.
  • The Quality of the Working Environment for Persons With Disabilities The progressive introduction of new practices more tolerant of the disabled will be carried out at every stage of the work cycle and in every segment of the corporation as a connected infrastructure.
  • Art: The Illness Narrative of Invisible Disability The aluminum foil is attached to half of the page and represents that the artificial limb is attached to half of the usual limb, such as a lower leg prosthesis.
  • Employees With Disabilities and Their Workplace Behavior In H3, the authors found that employees with disabilities remained loyal and committed to work and were satisfied with their job.
  • Intellectual Disability Considerations The best way to help an intellectually disabled individual is through developing interest in learning more about what intellectual disability entails.
  • Recreational Activities for People with Disabilities Even the number of customized recreational equipments should be increased so as to enable the people with disabilities to choose from.
  • Students With Disabilities in Higher Education Institutions Accommodations for students depend on the disability type that the student has, and whether the disability allows the student to get an accommodation in the institution.
  • Peer Buddy Programs for Students With Disabilities In the essay, the author will provide recommendations with regard to how the peer buddy program can be successfully implemented in schools in the future. The aim is to enhance the success of the peer […]
  • Impact of Individuals With Disability Education Act (IDEA) on Education In this case, the judges were of the opinion that the state had the power to choose whether to terminate federal aid offered to facilitate education or, agree on the fact that the Department of […]
  • Lawsuits Regarding College Students With Disabilities Abuse is one of the factors considered to have discouraged physically challenged students from pursuing their academic careers.
  • Intellectual Disability and Inclusiveness Therefore, the existence of inclusive strategies and the creation of an emotionally friendly environment with participation in group practices is crucial for the happy life of people with ID.
  • Children With Disabilities in Education By the end of the experiment the student will demonstrate his ability to understand the information, to discuss it, and to reflect his ideas in writing.
  • People With Disabilities in Society I think that these people are powerful and inspiring, as they prove to the world that it is possible to live life to the fullest with a disability.
  • Disability Studies as an Academic Discipline By focusing on medical and social constructs of disability, disability studies tend to be multidisciplinary, intersecting the humanities and social sciences.
  • Disability: Coping and Adjustment By applying a combination pf psychodynamic and behavioral theories to the management of the patient’s perception of themselves in a new setting and with the restrictions imposed on them due to their disability.
  • Understanding of Disability According to the World Health Organization, impairment refers to any problem that affects the functioning of the body or the body structure, limitation in doing an activity refers to the difficulty that results from an […]
  • Epilepsy and Learning Disability Relationship Once nurses identify the symptoms of learning disability in a patient with epilepsy, they refer them to the relevant caregivers for treatment.
  • Amundson on Hedonic Psychology, Disability, and Life Quality To facilitate the introduction of a new concept to the field of psychology, Amundson makes a sound decision to specify the essence of the standard view, according to which other definitions and comparisons can be […]
  • Learning Disability and Special Educators’ Duties In conclusion, the case study provides the story of Larissa, a young El Salvadorian girl who is disabled because of learning disabilities such as reading and writing.
  • Rights of Young Women With Intellectual Disability in the US Since most primary care physicians lack experience and education, the barriers to adequate medical care for adults with intellectual disabilities are being strengthened in sexual health, a sensitive topic for people with and without disabilities. […]
  • Autism and Disability Advocacy People with autism can contribute to the diversity of disability culture by expanding understanding of what disability is and how it can be accepted.
  • People With Disabilities in the Frida Movie After the accident, her father bought her a canvas that she would use for painting because she loved art and was an artist, helping her cope with her disability.
  • Extreme Obesity as a Risk Factor of Respiratory Disability One of the most widespread risk factors that perturb the prevalence of respiratory impairment is extreme obesity. In conclusion, extreme obesity is a dangerous condition that may pose as a threat to the life of […]
  • Safety Evacuation for People with Disabilities First, before a disaster occurs, the government should be aware of the number of individuals in the scenario and keep track of them to verify the figures are correct.
  • Individuals with Disabilities: Social Misconceptions One of the misconceptions I noticed is the community’s attitudes to people with disability. Community views about individuals with disabilities can also be impacted by features of the person with a disability unrelated to the […]
  • Individuals With Disabilities: Prejudice and Discrimination I researched that people with persistent medical or physical disorders, such as cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis, who have speech, articulation, or communication impairments, for example, are sometimes seen as having an intellectual deficiency. Corey […]
  • Special Olympics and Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities Together with partners, the Special Olympics aspires to improve the health outcomes for people with physical and mental disabilities to close the gap with the healthy population who are more advantaged in terms of access […]
  • Abortion of a Fetus With Disability It is worth paying attention to the fact that it is precise because of such things that terminations of pregnancy occur so that a person does not come into contact with obvious prejudices still actively […]
  • Sports Can Improve the Psychological Well-Being of People with Disability Maresova et al.maintain that viewing the self as a bother and worthless leads to psychosomatic challenges among numerous people with disabilities.
  • Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities’ Staff Training Specifically, the introduction of the assessment modules for the evaluation of the staff members’ compliance with the set requirements will be enacted.
  • Developmental Disabilities: Best Practice and Support Family therapy and the creation of support groups seem to be an effective method for children with disabilities and their environment.
  • Bronx Developmental Disabilities Council: Organization Assessment During events, council, and committee meetings, the organization provides printed materials with information on disability and the prevention of social distancing of people with disabilities.
  • Assistive Technologies for Individuals with Disabilities A rehabilitation consultant will be able to recommend this equipment to people who are acutely worried about the inability to use a computer and the Internet to ensure a comfortable life.
  • Addressing Intellectual Disability Disorder Epidemic The process of child growth is different in diverse parts of the world, and depending on the cultural values and language, children can create their specific beliefs and way of living.
  • Smart Farms Hiring People with Disabilities Although Smart Farms is a non-profit organization and benefits from donations, the workers play their role in income generation by working on the farms and sales.
  • Traumatic Brain Injury: Chronic Illness and Disability The most common cause of a traumatic brain injury is a severe blow to the head or body. He is confined to a wheelchair and is under the care of a full-time caregiver.Mr.
  • Instruments to Assess People’s Health, Disability, and Quality of Life In conclusion, it is possible to present the strengths and limitations of the instrument under analysis. Now, it is rational to comment on the primary strengths and limitations of the instrument.
  • Americans with Disabilities Act and Nursing Practice Acts such as the Americans with Disabilities Act affect not only the political and legal environment in a country but also the rights and responsibilities of nurses.
  • Inequalities in African Women and Disability Studies The problem is that African women are subjected to a higher risk of sexual abuse and illnesses than females of other nationalities.
  • Abortion on the Grounds of Disability Removing a fetus from the woman’s womb results in death which is contrary to the morals of the community that is against killing.
  • Reasonable Accommodation for the People with Disability A reasonable accommodation in the recruiting process is a change in the nature of the job or the work context that allows a person with a disability to qualify for the position while still having […]
  • Life of Individuals Dealing with Disabilities The child’s image hitting the t-ball also showcased a powerful issue, that disabled individuals should be treated similarly to other people and given equal opportunities to give them the chance to perform optimally.
  • Partnership for People with Disabilities’ Mission The mission of this organization is to partner with stakeholders both in the intellectual and developmental disability community and other interested groups at Virginia Commonwealth University. The organization was founded in 1985 to better people’s […]
  • The Experience of Parents of Children With Disabilities Enhancing support for the mental well-being of parents of children with a disability: developing a resource based on the perspectives of parents and professionals.
  • Diabetes Mellitus as Leading Cause of Disability The researchers used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where more than 12% of older people in the US live with the condition.
  • Disability Programs and Their Funding Issues The public has to promote programs for people with disabilities to address the challenges that they and their families may encounter, and everyone should strive to overcome those challenges as a part of the community.
  • Healthcare Disparities in People With Disabilities In addition to health care disparities, such as poor access to care, including preventive one, and dependency, people with disabilities also face higher morbidity and lack of insurance.
  • Employment for People With Disabilities Accommodation is also considered to be a restructuring of work and the attraction of other personnel to help in adaptation – as it should have happened with Adele.
  • Media and Disability Journal Responses During the study of the literature, it was revealed that in boarding schools, professionals who thoroughly know the features of the disease do not always take care of the child.
  • Laws Protecting the Rights of People With Disabilities The aim of this essay is to research the law that protects the rights of people with disabilities in the context of sporting events.
  • Disability-Adjusted Life Years in the US and India Therefore, the main contrasts are evident in the ratio of non-communicable and infectious diseases, a greater variety of non-communicable illnesses in the US, and a considerable impact of drugs on the lives of American citizens.
  • Disability Discrimination and How to Deal With It The problem of health disparities is a crucial health issue, and it requires the early introduction of strategies that can reduce such inequality.
  • Real Magazine Exhibiting Disability Artworks The organization aims to provide their help in selling the paintings and other products to provide the participants with the necessary confidence and support in the realization of the incentive.
  • People With Disabilities and Social Work Moreover, there is a tendency towards the rise in the number of such people because of the deterioration of the situation and the growing number of environmental concerns.
  • Provision of Quality Services to People With Disability Provision of quality services to persons with disabilities entails addressing the environmental and attitudinal hurdles created by the community, which impede the autonomy and contribution of persons with disabilities.
  • Alternate Assessments for Students With Learning Disabilities The problem is that many school districts experience difficulties with proposing adequate formative and summative assessments for those students who require special attention.
  • People with Disabilities’ Problem of Employment Although truck driving can be a stressful job, it is not evident if it is true, and thus, it is important for John to experience the job-related himself and determine whether he can handle it. […]
  • Living with Disabilities in the Nondisabled World A variety of laws, initiatives, and regulations are currently implemented to ensure simpler and less costly access to information resources and the functionality of a device.
  • Living with Disabilities from an Insider’s Perspective Additionally, Armendariz was able to use a prosthetic arm to assist with her disability which she recalled as being helpful before it led to severe negativity from her peers at the time.
  • Disability Hate Crimes in England and Wales An estimated 19% of the population in England and Wales is disabled, and the scale and scope of DHC are grossly underreported since over half of all the incidences go unreported.
  • United Arab Emirates Schools: Students With Learning Disabilities The current UAE public school environment does not allow for the provision of the necessary skills due to the lack of a proper teaching strategy.
  • Workplace and People With Disabilities The purpose of the research is to make coherent and accurate observations in regards to the usefulness of the given method in improving the overall attitudes of people and organizations toward people with disabilities.
  • Interview on Permanent Disability due to an Accidental Injury He also said that forgiving was the best way to free oneself from anger and that it helps in the recovery process. In the beginning, it was difficult for him to accept.
  • Career Counseling for People With Disabilities To sufficiently research, the issue of career counseling for individuals with disabilities in the academic press, a list of journals that offer such information was developed.
  • Impairment Pain Management and Disability Equality The purpose of the policy is to examine approaches to pain management to ensure disability equality. The first method is a formalized approach to pain management, assessment, and frequent reassessment/ monitoring of the patient’s state.
  • Genetic Modification and Implicit Bias Against People With Disabilities There is also a factor of disabilities that are life-threatening to a child, or illnesses that may be able to be fatal within the first few years of life.
  • Impact of Social Darwinism on the Perception of Human Disabilities In addition, connecting behavior such as the likeliness of criminality to genetics is incorrect and damaging not only to the individual but to a community and society as a whole.
  • The Social Model of Disability From the examples given, it is evident that disability exists because people with impairments are forced to live in a world that is not accessible to them.
  • Music Therapy for Children With Learning Disabilities This review includes the evidence supporting music therapy as an effective strategy for promoting auditory, communication, and socio-emotional progression in children with ASD.
  • History of Disability and Institutionalisation The legacy of oppression for the disabled still exists in many institutions despite the anti-discrimination legislation supporting their participation in the community’s social and economic life.
  • Religious Impact on Disability Experience Faith significantly impacts the experience of disability through the salient religious teachings about the meaning and nature of disabilities. However, according to religion, the primary purpose of disability is to enable the society to learn […]
  • Healthcare Professionals: Individuals With Developmental Disabilities The presentation provide an overview of relevant health related issues in individuals with developmental disabilities and how it relates to the group of professionals assigned.
  • Short-Term Disability Benefits To sum up, when an employee asks for short-term disability leave, if the firm has a contract with an insurance company, the HR manager should begin by contacting their representatives to investigate the situation.
  • Relation Between Disability and Health The analysis of descriptive epidemiological and demographical data is an opportunity to learn more about the distribution of disabilities among Americans and the problems related to the lack of education and health promotion programs.
  • Impairment and Social Perceptions: Disability However, there is a need to understand each debate’s value in the context of how they affect the general productivity and social developments of people in communities.
  • Health Practitioner Practice: Disability Of great importance in this theoretical study is the impact of aging as well as some of the prevalent factors that affect their condition. Vividly, it is worth noting that the level of disability varies […]
  • Protection for Persons With Disabilities and Their Service Animals Additionally, it must be trained to give assistance to a person with disability. Service animals that can be selected to assist persons with disability must be either a dog or a miniature horse.
  • Intellectual Disability: Autism In their adulthood, and because of the communication issues that most individuals with autism tend to have, they will naturally have difficulty in finding and keeping jobs.
  • Death Penalty: Juveniles and Mental Disabilities Consequently, the Eight Amendment should dismiss the death penalty for this category and state laws must implement recommendations of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, the American Psychological Association, and the American Bar Association that […]
  • Limitations and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis The data collected contained demographic information such as the gender, age, hypertension and diabetes mellitus history, and the current usage of prescribed medication among the participants.
  • Lifelong Disability and United Nations Convention In this report, I will aim to discuss the discursive significance of UNCRPD, to identify the qualitative aspects of how UNCRPD relates to the themes and motifs, contained in the ‘Labor of love’ video, and […]
  • National Disability Insurance Scheme Implementation This paper explores the economic, political, sociological, epidemiological public health factors affecting the implementation of the NDIS, and their effect on the health policy in response to the growing needs of the community.
  • The Prevalence, Effects and Challenges of Developmental Disabilities While the increase in the number of people with developmental disabilities is attributed to the rising numbers of the aging population, disabilities may arise in childhood and affect the entire lives of people.
  • Disability, Handicap and the Environment: Amundsen’s Argument The limitation appears to follow easily from the reality that disabilities entail species-atypical operation together with the fact that species-typical operation is an efficient way of procuring the products present in the environment in which […]
  • Community Disability Awareness Program: Elderly Women With Disabilities A measurable outcome in the program’s success will be a decline in the rate of crime related to elderly women with disabilities.
  • The Understanding of Needs of People With Learning Disabilities Despite several problems in the overall design of the strategy that can be used to improve the nursing services for PLD, Drozd and Clinch make a very valid point by stressing the significance of a […]
  • Addressing the Needs of People With Learning Disabilities As a student aiming at becoming a Nurse Practitioner, I am currently focusing on the exploration of the options for managing the work of the nursing staff, as well as seeking the opportunities for improving […]
  • Judicial Conduct and Disability Act Controversy The following paper addresses the Act from the perspective of its constitutionality, the measures applicable to judges caught in misconduct and the terms of judges’ removal, as well as the terms of appointment.
  • Tax Eligibility and Disability Payment Another reason is that the injury he suffers occurred during his service in the army as an employee of the state.
  • Discrimination Against Customers With Disabilities The role of the law is to regulate such cases and to provide necessary tools for both sides to prove their point of view.
  • “Compounding Mental and Cognitive Disability” by Baldry and Dowse A justification of the statement as briefed in the article is that most of the mentally and cognitive disabled individuals have a higher rate of contact with police officers throughout their lives.
  • Elderly Women with Disabilities: Problems and Needs Despite the economic crisis, the cost of medical care has also increased due to the rise in the number of lawsuits filed against the physicians of the state.
  • Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being Among Greek People With Physical Disabilities In the light of this lack of knowledge, the present study attempts to explore the degree of relationship satisfaction in connection with the way handicapped people deal with the challenges of romantic involvement, as well […]
  • Communication and People With Disabilities The bathrooms were close to the food court; moreover, there were special handle bars which helped to transfer to the commode and, at this, the height of the commode was almost the same as the […]
  • Disability Equality of a Disabled Lone Parent Although the officials were initially reluctant owing to her physical condition and the nature of work she was to perform, they allowed her to try.
  • Music Therapy as a Related Service for Students With Disabilities From a neuroscientific perspective, how would music intervention improve classroom behaviors and academic outcomes of students with ADHD as a way to inform policy-makers of the importance of music therapy as a related service?
  • Importance of the Social Model of Disability For instance, the public perceives people with disabilities as dependents and burdens to their families and communities. Conclusively, the model suggests solutions that rectify the problems witnessed in the modern and disabling world to remove […]
  • Professional Practice in Aged Care and Disability The organization has to work with its customers on a partnership level by including them in the planning and assessment of their care.
  • The National Disability Insurance Scheme: The Issue of Financing Professionals working within the sphere of Aged Care and Disability Services have to collaborate with many organizations in order to ensure that their clients and patients receive the most benefits from the system.
  • National Disability Insurance Scheme The development of NDIS is conditional upon the existence of specific issues related to the provision of healthcare services to disabled people.
  • Problem Behaviors in Intellectual Disabilities Community The proposed quality designed study will evaluate the behavior of people with intellectual disabilities over a certain period of time and consequently conclude the primary triggers that influence ID people to demonstrate behavioral issues, including […]
  • Sutherland Leisure Center: Professional Practice in Aged Care and Disability Thus, for example, the consideration of Parkinson’s disease by the owner of Sutherland Leisure Center would allow it to benefit from a higher degree of satisfaction of people with this condition.
  • Law for People With Disabilities in California The family, the immediate environment of a person with disabilities, is the main link in the system of his or her care, socialization, the satisfaction of needs, support, and career guidance.
  • The Resilience Experiences of People With Disabilities The focus of the study was on the participants’ lived experiences, as well as their attitudes towards certain aspects, so the use of interviews as a data collection method is justified.
  • Disability and Murder by Caregivers The study of the situation of the family of a person with disabilities in the social structure of society and the possibilities of social mobility is a special section of the disability problem.
  • Culturally Aware: Chinese Americans’ Views on Disability Prior to considering the perspectives of the Chinese concerning disability, it is useful to examine the incidence of this health issue among Asian people and some of its peculiarities.
  • Intellectual Disability: Causes and Roles Diagnostics needs to be carried out, and a problem in the development of thinking should be revealed with the help of different methods.
  • Literature Circles for Students With Learning Disabilities On the other hand, the affected individuals contend that the categorization should be removed to pave the way for the integration of assistances where all needs are attended without classification regardless of the student’s physical […]
  • Students With Disabilities: Research Analysis In the process of undertaking this research and practical alignment, there is a misalignment in the inclusion of students with disabilities in the GE class.
  • Vocational Expert on Disability Claims While representing a client, an expert has to identify the level of disability of his client and other available jobs in the company.
  • School Counselors for Students With Disabilities When the goals are set out, and the professional sphere is chosen, the counselor becomes responsible for the student’s preparation and reception of essential job skills as well as for the communication with the post-school […]
  • Adaptive Behavior Skills and Intellectual Disabilities Four assessment tools are important for identifying adaptive behavior and skills: the Adaptive Behavior Scale, the Scale of Independent Behavior, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale.
  • The Specific Needs of Students With Physical Disabilities The research problem that will be the focus of the planned paper relates to the specific needs of students with physical disabilities or behavioral issues in general classrooms.
  • Assistive Technology for Students with Disabilities The United Nations Convention on the Rights of people with disabilities proposes a raft of measures to be undertaken by states to promote the wellbeing of individuals with disabilities.
  • Job for Individuals With Physical Disabilities For instance, when a new technology is about to be installed, it will be rational for a number of workers based on departments to be selected and taken through how to use the innovation, such […]
  • Language Learning Disability: Language Assessment Plan The C&FD subtest will help to evaluate Oscar’s ability to interpret, recall and execute oral commands that contain concepts of functional language.
  • An Audit of the Accessibility of the College of the North Atlantic-Qatar to Individuals With Physical Disabilities It should be noted that structural presentation of the paper is considered to be one of the most important elements of the paper because it allows following the logical thought of the research paper.
  • Learning Disabilities and Communication Disorders The students are also being taken through research-based and special education programs and the determination of these disorders is done cooperatively between teachers and specialists like psychologists.
  • Children With Disabilities: Supporting Student Behavior The comfortable atmosphere will help the children to attend the class and also provide a good way to mingle with the children with disabilities.
  • Dyslexia Disorder: Characteristics and Services Primary dyslexia is a kind of dyslexia disorder which is caused by dysfunction of cerebral cortex of the brain and the condition is not normally affected by change in growth development.
  • Americans With Disabilities and Act Amendments Act to the ADA: The Main Issues and Comparison Moreover, the essence of the major amendments to the ADA is disclosed in the article using comparison and implications of those changes for the public use in the spheres of employment and human resources management […]
  • Teaching Character Education to Students With Behavioral and Learning Disabilities The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of character education programs implemented in schools on students with behavioral and learning disabilities.
  • Plan of the Kickball Game That Involves the Students With the Disabilities While simulating the situation where one is in charge of the PE class, one needs to remember that disability is never inability, thus the students with the disabilities can participate in any games as well […]
  • American With Disabilities Amendment Act The main intention of the Act is that civilians receiving benefits or services through the measures of local and state governments may not be differentiated on the fundamentals of the individual’s physical disabilities.
  • Disability Discrimination Laws: Workers’ Compensation It is seen that The Americans with Disability Act 1990 was not having a sound definition for what constituted disability and thus the protection that could be claimed or rejected against disability is also a […]
  • Parenting a Child with a Disability Study Books Used in Class But the majority of families find the strength within themselves and among their circles of support to adapt to and handle the stress and challenges with regards to their child’s illness or disability.
  • Genetic Testing Under Americans With Disabilities Act There is nothing surprising in the fact that the genetically tested employees counted the testing as a violation of their human rights, and The Americans with Disabilities Act was adopted in 1990.
  • Americans With Disabilities Act for Employers However, in practice, an employer could still legally discriminate against those with disabilities An employer is obligated to make reasonable accommodations for an employee or applicant if they are ‘otherwise qualified’ to perform the responsibilities […]
  • Disability Insurance Plans in Canada Disability insurance is the type of insurance that provides you with financial security when you are unable to work and earn an income due to an accident or illness.
  • Gerontology: The Aging and Disability Programs The practitioner is in charge of taking care of older adults, and the administrator is involved in greeting and guiding the clients.
  • Teaching Language to Students With Severe Disabilities The objective of this study is to find the different approaches that can be used in teaching phonics and the whole language to students with varied severe disabilities.
  • Program Improvement: Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities The government has been keen to present specific resources and support systems that can support the educational and career goals of these individuals.
  • Daily Living Skills Training for Individuals With Learning Disabilities Teaching individuals with physical and mental disabilities the life skills needed to compensate for their disadvantages are considered to be the key factor to ensuring a relatively safe, functional, and happy life for those individuals.
  • Disability as a Social Problem in the UK’s History A brief historical analysis of the European disability policy of the selected period is needed to show what determined and directly influenced the development of the current disability policy in the UK.
  • Teaching Adaptive Behavior Skills to Children Suffering From Intellectual Disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia This theoretical framework will contribute to the validation of the perspectives used by the teachers to construct their system of beliefs regarding the process of teaching ABS to students with ID.
  • Disability Experience Shaped by Society The experience of disability is connected to social perception and the infrastructure that surrounds people with disabilities. Viewing disability as a socially constructed concept provides insight into the attitudes and perceptions of disabled people.
  • Life Stages of People with Learning Disabilities In order to proceed with the observation, it is necessary to identify the normal issues likely to be encountered by the representatives of both groups.
  • Strategies for Recruiting of Practice for Disability Employment The primary goal of the authors is to discuss the role of HR specialists in the process of “enhancing the employment rate of people with disabilities” and to consider approaches to recruiting, engaging, and retaining […]
  • An Employment for Individual With a Disability William’s parents can refer to the Department of Rehabilitation of the State of California in order to acquire assistance with his future independent living and employment support.
  • Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities in the Workplace Intellectual disability puts a strain on an individual’s ability to have a social life and communicate with other human beings due to the fact that their capability of adapting is limited to a certain extent.
  • Cognitive Disability Resource Sheet The inability of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities to participate in everyday life limits the reach of health promotion programs, which leads to more health-related issues.
  • Lifespan Development and Learning Disabilities in Childhood Parents in this situation would most likely select the authoritative parenting style to manage children because they are left to make their own choices under a guided framework.
  • Autism Should Not Be Viewed as a Disability A good example is that the treatment of autism as a mental disorder makes it possible for pharmaceutical companies and clinics to invent new health systems or procedures that will meet the needs of the […]
  • Lesly Group of Companies and Disability Issues Finally, the company needs proof of any preferential treatment or handling that the employee expects to be given in his/her future dissemination of occupation duties and, if applicable, a change in the level of salary […]
  • Natural Supports for Individuals With Disabilities Natural supports can be defined as personal connections and associations that improve the quality of a person’s life; these primarily include family relationships and friendships and constitute “the first line of supports, followed by informal […]
  • Ican Bike for Individuals With Disabilities I think iCan Bike is a very good initiative that targets a vulnerable population with a plethora of special needs and relies on the community in order to deliver the results.
  • Ableism: Bias Against People With Disabilities
  • Learning Disabilities: Differentiating ADHD and EBD
  • Children With Disabilities and Parental Mistreatment
  • School Counselor Job for People With Disabilities
  • Americans With Disabilities in Criminal Justice Agencies
  • Rights of Parents of Students With Disabilities
  • Student With Disability in Saudi Arabia: iPad Usage
  • Disability Models, Labels, and Language
  • Strategies for Teaching Students With Mild Disabilities
  • Learning Disabilities and Memory Disorders
  • Students With Mild and Moderate Disabilities
  • Teaching Children With Multiple Disabilities
  • Constructivism Theory for Adolescents with Disabilities
  • Veterans With Disabilities: Integration and Employment
  • Intellectual Disabilities and Higher Education
  • Students With Intellectual Disabilities and Their Independence
  • Independence of Students With Intellectual Disabilities
  • School Event Supporting Students With Disabilities
  • Intellectual Disabilities and Limitations for Human Life
  • Psychological Testing of Intellectual Disabilities
  • Young Adult Children With Intellectual Disabilities
  • Disability in Medieval and Modern Societies
  • Access to Disability Services from Various Aspects
  • Effective Teaching of Students with Disabilities
  • Parenting Children With Learning Disabilities
  • Caregivers’ Perceptions of People With Intellectual Disabilities
  • People With Disabilities and Their Employment Issues
  • Disability Simulations and Their Limitations
  • American Deaf Rights History and Disability Act
  • Talent-Oriented Intervention for Learning Disability
  • Students With Learning Disabilities and Assessment
  • Mental Disabilities: Characteristics and Causes
  • Patients With Learning Disabilities: Quality Care
  • Talent-Oriented Therapy: Patients With Learning Disabilities
  • Involving Adults With Autism Plus Learning Disability
  • Age Bias, Disability, Gay Rights in the Workplace
  • Sibling Relationships of Children With Disability
  • Grandparents Raising Grandchildren With Disabilities
  • Employment Equity Act: Aboriginals and Disabilities Persons
  • People With Disabilities: Local and a Federal Law’ Regulation
  • Reading Disability Controversies
  • Students With Learning Disabilities: Needs and Problems
  • Disability and Diversity in the Workplace
  • Students With Disabilities: Characteristics and Strategies
  • Instructional Plan in Writing for Learners With Disabilities
  • Inclusive Education and the Cultural Representation of Disability
  • People with Disabilities: The Systemic Ableism
  • Writing Disabilities Management in Children
  • Learning Disability: What Is Dyslexia?
  • Disability Issues in Society
  • Developmental Disabilities and Lifelong Learning
  • Action Plan for Patrons With Disabilities
  • Remediation in Students with Disabilities
  • Sexuality with the Disability
  • Improving Reading Performance of Students With Learning Disabilities
  • Understanding How the Medical and Social Model of Disability Supports People With Disability
  • Americans With Disabilities Act
  • GM’s Committal to People With Disabilities
  • Supporting Students with Speech Impairment
  • Physical Disabilities and Assistive Technology
  • Special Interest Disability and Personal Interview
  • Sensory Disabilities and Age of Onset
  • High Incidence Disabilities and Pedagogical Strategies for Learning Disabilities
  • Exploring Representations of Difference and Disability. Building Blocks or Barriers?
  • What Is the Impact of Disability on Children’s Experiences at School?
  • Families With Members Who Experience Disabilities
  • Support Inclusion and Effective Practices for Students With Disabilities
  • Peer Buddy Program: Students with Disabilities in High School
  • An Action Plan for Serving Individuals With Disabilities – Library and Information Science
  • Proper Identification of Students With a Learning Disability
  • Internal Campaign Planning for Inclusion of Persons With Disabilities
  • Human Rights of People With Intellectual Disabilities
  • The Individuals with Disability Education Act
  • Adolescents with Learning and Behaviour Disabilities: Graduation and Employment Difficulties
  • Hiring People with Disability
  • The Problem of Reading of Children With Learning Disabilities
  • People With Disabilities
  • Culturally Responsive Teaching of Students With Disabilities
  • Education Reflection on Multicultural Perspective and Disability Classes
  • People With Disabilities and Abuse of People With Disabilities and Criminal Justice
  • Reading Disability
  • Terminology and Etiquette Discussion Regarding Persons With Disabilities
  • People With Disabilities and the Hotel Industry
  • The American Disability Act, ADA
  • Post Education for Adults With Disabilities
  • The Right Attitude Towards Disabled People
  • Being Obese as a Disabling Disability: Concerning the Obstacles for Challenged People
  • Assistive Technology for Kids with Learning Disabilities
  • Inclusion for Students With Severe Disabilities
  • The Impact of a Fitness Intervention on People with Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities
  • Autism and Educational Process
  • School Disability Program
  • Is It Ethical to Abort Based On Genetic Disability?
  • Current Trends and Issues in Educating Students With Disabilities
  • General Curriculum for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Learners
  • US Should Ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities
  • Disability Management Practices in Canada
  • Myths and Misperceptions of the Disability
  • The Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act
  • Defining Disabilities in Modern World
  • Preschool Teachers’ Actions for Integrating Children With Disabilities
  • What Is a Disability?
  • How Has Disability Changed Over Time?
  • What Special Treatment Should Students With Learning Disabilities Get?
  • Can Civilian Disability Pensions Overcome the Poverty Issue?
  • How Does Disability Insurance Differ From Health Insurance?
  • What Can We Learn From People With Disabilities?
  • Does Disability Insurance Receipt Discourage Work?
  • How Can States Help Workers Keep Their Jobs After Injury, Illness, or Disability?
  • Does Disability Status Modify the Association Between Psychosocial Job Quality and Mental Health?
  • How Many Disability Beneficiaries Forgo Cash Benefits Because of Work?
  • Does Parental Disability Matter to Child Education?
  • How Does Disability Insurance Reform Change the Consequences of Health Shocks on Income and Employment?
  • What Drives Inflows Into Disability?
  • How Does the Composition of Disability Insurance Applicants Change Across Business Cycles?
  • Does Protecting Older Workers From Discrimination Make It Harder to Get Hired?
  • How Large Are the Classification Errors in the Social Security Disability Award Process?
  • What Happens When the Definition of Disability Changes?
  • How Does Social Constructionism Impact Our View of Disability?
  • Does the Pension System’s Income Statement Matter?
  • How Do Financial Incentives Induce Disability Insurance Recipients to Return to Work?
  • Does Community-Based Rehabilitation Enhance the Multidimensional Well-Being of Deprived Persons With Disabilities?
  • Why Are the Disability Rolls Skyrocketing?
  • How Can Disability Effect Child Development?
  • Are School Feeding Programs Prepared to Be Inclusive of Children With Disabilities?
  • Should Children With Disabilities Be Mainstreamed or Not?
  • What Makes Special-Education Teachers Special?
  • Why Does Our Society Provide Vocational Rehabilitation Services for Persons With Disabilities?
  • What Is the Importance of Disability Awareness?
  • How Do Disabilities Affect People’s Lives?
  • What Are the Five Barriers for Persons With Disabilities?
  • Chicago (A-D)
  • Chicago (N-B)

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IMAGES

  1. Conclusion (Chapter 7)

    conclusion of intellectual disability essay

  2. Intellectual Disability Problem Analysis

    conclusion of intellectual disability essay

  3. Intellectual disability: causes and impacts

    conclusion of intellectual disability essay

  4. Intellectual Disability Fact Sheet.pdf

    conclusion of intellectual disability essay

  5. personal reflection

    conclusion of intellectual disability essay

  6. Intellectual Disability Therapy Essay Example

    conclusion of intellectual disability essay

VIDEO

  1. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

  2. Signs of Intellectual Disability #mentalhealthawareness #psychology

  3. Intellectual disability and its prevalence #disability #specialeducation #autism #downsyndrome

  4. lecture 17

  5. Voting with an Intellectual Disability

  6. Intellectual disability #mentalhealth #intellectualdisability #downsyndrome #lifepulse

COMMENTS

  1. Navigating Intellectual Disability

    Intellectual disabilities (ID, formerly known as mental retardation) are characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning (such as learning, problem-solving, and judgement) and adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills.This condition affects approximately 1-3% of the global population, signifying its relevance across diverse communities and ...

  2. In 2 Essay Collections, Writers With Disabilities Tell Their Own ...

    About Us: Essays from the Disability Series of the New York Times, edited by Peter Catapano and Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, collects around 60 essays from the column, which began in 2016, and ...

  3. Intellectual Disability Considerations

    Intellectual disability is used when describing a person who has certain limitations in mental functioning. The conditions brought about by intellectual disability may limit a child or an individual to develop slower than the normal rate. It may limit the children on how soon they learn how to speak, walk and do some things on their own like ...

  4. Case Study on Intellectual Disability

    Westwood, P. (2011) Commonsense Methods for Children with Special Educational Needs. London, Taylor & Francis. This case study, "Case Study of a Child with Intellectual Disability" is published exclusively on IvyPanda's free essay examples database. You can use it for research and reference purposes to write your own paper.

  5. Intellectual Disability and Inclusiveness

    Introduction. Intellectual disability is a fairly common problem in the modern world. More than 1 billion people live with this diagnosis, with a significant percentage in the middle- and low-income countries (Inclusion works, 2019).As civilization develops in a humanistic direction, the topic of inclusiveness is becoming increasingly popular.

  6. Conclusion

    Making a good life central. In our view there are sound reasons for making a good life a central consideration in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities. Our policies and practices are currently predicated on a view that life can be better for people with intellectual disabilities, not that they can and should lead good lives. Type.

  7. Intellectual Disabilities, Essay Example

    Definition: An intellectual disability (also called mental retardation or cognitive disabilities) refers to people who have limitations in regards to mental functioning that can impair their ability to communicate, interact socially, and care for themselves. The rate at which such children learn and develop can be markedly slower than normal children.

  8. Understanding People With A Intellectual Disability

    Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills before the age of eighteen (Luckasson et al.,2002 p.1). There are three characteristics identifying children with intellectual disabilities ...

  9. Conclusion

    Abstract. This concluding chapter reviews the philosophical ideas that support people's relationships with each other as citizens. It presents the argument that there is a need to move beyond an inward-looking approach towards disability in order to be ready to explore ideas and theories from outside the field.

  10. Essay on the experience of teaching a student with intellectual

    An anonymous faculty member discusses the questions raised by a recent experience teaching a student with intellectual disabilities. To protect the student's privacy, the author of this piece has chosen to remain anonymous and has changed all potentially identifying details. Almost daily I am reminded of the truth in Oppenheimer's ...

  11. Intellectual disability

    2. Weakness in eyesight, feelings of hatred, tickling , light-headedness ,head ache and mental fatigue. 2.3 Give 2 examples of cases of intellectual disability that occur during childhood years and describe the impact on the day to day support needs of the person. Example 1: Epilepsy.

  12. Advocacy: People With Intellectual Disabilities

    Group self-advocacy is of importance to people with intellectual disabilities because it can provide the opportunities to gain skills in communication, increased confidence and to express their view in relation to their rights and wishes (Woods, 2003). Shoultz (1992, cited in Woods, 2003) states that group advocacy can benefit people who do not ...

  13. Conclusion

    Conclusion. People with disabilities are at a higher risk for poor health outcomes. There is a clear need. for public health efforts to reduce health disparities among people with disabilities. Knowledge about the health status and public health needs of people with disabilities is. essential for addressing these and other health disparities.

  14. Intellectual Disabilities Essay

    Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18. In order to determine if a child has intellectual disabilities the child will take a series of test.

  15. Intellectual Disability Essays (Examples)

    Intellectual Disability and Speech Impairment esources in Duval County, Florida Today, the State of Florida is tasked with providing high quality educational services to a broad range of students with differing abilities and disabilities. To determine the current state of their educational programming, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature and Florida Department of Education ...

  16. Intellectual Disability Essay

    Intellectual disability (ID) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, low intelligence quotient (IQ <70) and restrictions in adaptive functioning are the main descriptive features, normally diagnosed by 18 years of age1. The evaluation of adaptive functioning depends on three major fields which include: social, practical skills and conceptual 2.

  17. Human Rights of People With Intellectual Disabilities Essay

    The International Disability and Human Rights Network, 1-9. This essay, "Human Rights of People With Intellectual Disabilities" is published exclusively on IvyPanda's free essay examples database. You can use it for research and reference purposes to write your own paper. However, you must cite it accordingly . Donate a paper.

  18. Effects of Intellectual Disabilities on Mental Health of ...

    This study researches mental health disorders amongst children and adults with intellectual disabilities and considers the mental health of those with 'borderline' intellectual disabilities. In this study, researchers were interested to know if even "mild" cases of intellectual disability were prone to mental health risks as observed in ...

  19. Free Essay: Intellectual Disabilities

    1. Promotes universal design - students are able to learn and express their knowledge in a variety of ways. Educators use an expanded range of instructional strategies. 2. Students are challenged, their cognitive needs are met, and the strengths are focused on. 3.

  20. Intellectual Disabilities Essay.docx

    2 Intellectual Disabilities In the past, intellectual disabilities or ID was known as mental retardation. An intellectual disability "i s characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living." (Bhandari, 2020) ID occurs based on the development or injury to the brain, and because of one or the other developmental delays occur.

  21. Essay on Intellectual Disability

    An intellectual disability, like the one had by Roland Johnson and about one percent to three percent of people, is defined as "a disability that is present at birth or occurs in the developmental period (before the age of 18) and is characterized by significant sub-average intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with related limitations in 2 or more areas of adaptive functioning ...

  22. NY's disability support workers need a raise in the state budget

    More than 130,000 New Yorkers are living with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) and 85% of them are served by nonprofit providers. Over the last decade, the nonprofit I/DD ...

  23. Intellectual Disability Essay

    Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18. In order to determine if a child has intellectual disabilities the child will take a series of test

  24. Measles Cases are Rising. Here's What to Know About Symptoms

    Children can also develop brain swelling that can lead to deafness or intellectual disabilities. Vaccination is the best way to protect against the disease, Dr. Offit said.

  25. 291 Disability Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

    Special Interest Disability and Personal Interview. The pain begins on the muscles of the back, neck and the shoulder and then spread to the upper and lower extremities. Physical Disabilities and Assistive Technology. For example, learners with visual impairments can use text-to-speech programs.

  26. UC board postpones vote on limiting departmental statements

    The University of California's Board of Regents on Wednesday postponed a planned vote on a policy that would prohibit academic departments and other academic units from posting political statements on their website homepages.