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Political Science
What this handout is about.
This handout will help you to recognize and to follow writing standards in political science. The first step toward accomplishing this goal is to develop a basic understanding of political science and the kind of work political scientists do.
Defining politics and political science
Political scientist Harold Laswell said it best: at its most basic level, politics is the struggle of “who gets what, when, how.” This struggle may be as modest as competing interest groups fighting over control of a small municipal budget or as overwhelming as a military stand-off between international superpowers. Political scientists study such struggles, both small and large, in an effort to develop general principles or theories about the way the world of politics works. Think about the title of your course or re-read the course description in your syllabus. You’ll find that your course covers a particular sector of the large world of “politics” and brings with it a set of topics, issues, and approaches to information that may be helpful to consider as you begin a writing assignment. The diverse structure of political science reflects the diverse kinds of problems the discipline attempts to analyze and explain. In fact, political science includes at least eight major sub-fields:
- American politics examines political behavior and institutions in the United States.
- Comparative politics analyzes and compares political systems within and across different geographic regions.
- International relations investigates relations among nation states and the activities of international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Bank, and NATO, as well as international actors such as terrorists, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multi-national corporations (MNCs).
- Political theory analyzes fundamental political concepts such as power and democracy and foundational questions, like “How should the individual and the state relate?”
- Political methodology deals with the ways that political scientists ask and investigate questions.
- Public policy examines the process by which governments make public decisions.
- Public administration studies the ways that government policies are implemented.
- Public law focuses on the role of law and courts in the political process.
What is scientific about political science?
Investigating relationships.
Although political scientists are prone to debate and disagreement, the majority view the discipline as a genuine science. As a result, political scientists generally strive to emulate the objectivity as well as the conceptual and methodological rigor typically associated with the so-called “hard” sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics). They see themselves as engaged in revealing the relationships underlying political events and conditions. Based on these revelations, they attempt to state general principles about the way the world of politics works. Given these aims, it is important for political scientists’ writing to be conceptually precise, free from bias, and well-substantiated by empirical evidence. Knowing that political scientists value objectivity may help you in making decisions about how to write your paper and what to put in it.
Political theory is an important exception to this empirical approach. You can learn more about writing for political theory classes in the section “Writing in Political Theory” below.
Building theories
Since theory-building serves as the cornerstone of the discipline, it may be useful to see how it works. You may be wrestling with theories or proposing your own as you write your paper. Consider how political scientists have arrived at the theories you are reading and discussing in your course. Most political scientists adhere to a simple model of scientific inquiry when building theories. The key to building precise and persuasive theories is to develop and test hypotheses. Hypotheses are statements that researchers construct for the purpose of testing whether or not a certain relationship exists between two phenomena. To see how political scientists use hypotheses, and to imagine how you might use a hypothesis to develop a thesis for your paper, consider the following example. Suppose that we want to know whether presidential elections are affected by economic conditions. We could formulate this question into the following hypothesis:
“When the national unemployment rate is greater than 7 percent at the time of the election, presidential incumbents are not reelected.”
Collecting data
In the research model designed to test this hypothesis, the dependent variable (the phenomenon that is affected by other variables) would be the reelection of incumbent presidents; the independent variable (the phenomenon that may have some effect on the dependent variable) would be the national unemployment rate. You could test the relationship between the independent and dependent variables by collecting data on unemployment rates and the reelection of incumbent presidents and comparing the two sets of information. If you found that in every instance that the national unemployment rate was greater than 7 percent at the time of a presidential election the incumbent lost, you would have significant support for our hypothesis.
However, research in political science seldom yields immediately conclusive results. In this case, for example, although in most recent presidential elections our hypothesis holds true, President Franklin Roosevelt was reelected in 1936 despite the fact that the national unemployment rate was 17%. To explain this important exception and to make certain that other factors besides high unemployment rates were not primarily responsible for the defeat of incumbent presidents in other election years, you would need to do further research. So you can see how political scientists use the scientific method to build ever more precise and persuasive theories and how you might begin to think about the topics that interest you as you write your paper.
Clear, consistent, objective writing
Since political scientists construct and assess theories in accordance with the principles of the scientific method, writing in the field conveys the rigor, objectivity, and logical consistency that characterize this method. Thus political scientists avoid the use of impressionistic or metaphorical language, or language which appeals primarily to our senses, emotions, or moral beliefs. In other words, rather than persuade you with the elegance of their prose or the moral virtue of their beliefs, political scientists persuade through their command of the facts and their ability to relate those facts to theories that can withstand the test of empirical investigation. In writing of this sort, clarity and concision are at a premium. To achieve such clarity and concision, political scientists precisely define any terms or concepts that are important to the arguments that they make. This precision often requires that they “operationalize” key terms or concepts. “Operationalizing” simply means that important—but possibly vague or abstract—concepts like “justice” are defined in ways that allow them to be measured or tested through scientific investigation.
Fortunately, you will generally not be expected to devise or operationalize key concepts entirely on your own. In most cases, your professor or the authors of assigned readings will already have defined and/or operationalized concepts that are important to your research. And in the event that someone hasn’t already come up with precisely the definition you need, other political scientists will in all likelihood have written enough on the topic that you’re investigating to give you some clear guidance on how to proceed. For this reason, it is always a good idea to explore what research has already been done on your topic before you begin to construct your own argument. See our handout on making an academic argument .
Example of an operationalized term
To give you an example of the kind of rigor and objectivity political scientists aim for in their writing, let’s examine how someone might operationalize a term. Reading through this example should clarify the level of analysis and precision that you will be expected to employ in your writing. Here’s how you might define key concepts in a way that allows us to measure them.
We are all familiar with the term “democracy.” If you were asked to define this term, you might make a statement like the following:
“Democracy is government by the people.”
You would, of course, be correct—democracy is government by the people. But, in order to evaluate whether or not a particular government is fully democratic or is more or less democratic when compared with other governments, we would need to have more precise criteria with which to measure or assess democracy. For example, here are some criteria that political scientists have suggested are indicators of democracy:
- Freedom to form and join organizations
- Freedom of expression
- Right to vote
- Eligibility for public office
- Right of political leaders to compete for support
- Right of political leaders to compete for votes
- Alternative sources of information
- Free and fair elections
- Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference
If we adopt these nine criteria, we now have a definition that will allow us to measure democracy empirically. Thus, if you want to determine whether Brazil is more democratic than Sweden, you can evaluate each country in terms of the degree to which it fulfills the above criteria.
What counts as good writing in political science?
While rigor, clarity, and concision will be valued in any piece of writing in political science, knowing the kind of writing task you’ve been assigned will help you to write a good paper. Two of the most common kinds of writing assignments in political science are the research paper and the theory paper.
Writing political science research papers
Your instructors use research paper assignments as a means of assessing your ability to understand a complex problem in the field, to develop a perspective on this problem, and to make a persuasive argument in favor of your perspective. In order for you to successfully meet this challenge, your research paper should include the following components:
- An introduction
- A problem statement
- A discussion of methodology
- A literature review
- A description and evaluation of your research findings
- A summary of your findings
Here’s a brief description of each component.
In the introduction of your research paper, you need to give the reader some basic background information on your topic that suggests why the question you are investigating is interesting and important. You will also need to provide the reader with a statement of the research problem you are attempting to address and a basic outline of your paper as a whole. The problem statement presents not only the general research problem you will address but also the hypotheses that you will consider. In the methodology section, you will explain to the reader the research methods you used to investigate your research topic and to test the hypotheses that you have formulated. For example, did you conduct interviews, use statistical analysis, rely upon previous research studies, or some combination of all of these methodological approaches?
Before you can develop each of the above components of your research paper, you will need to conduct a literature review. A literature review involves reading and analyzing what other researchers have written on your topic before going on to do research of your own. There are some very pragmatic reasons for doing this work. First, as insightful as your ideas may be, someone else may have had similar ideas and have already done research to test them. By reading what they have written on your topic, you can ensure that you don’t repeat, but rather learn from, work that has already been done. Second, to demonstrate the soundness of your hypotheses and methodology, you will need to indicate how you have borrowed from and/or improved upon the ideas of others.
By referring to what other researchers have found on your topic, you will have established a frame of reference that enables the reader to understand the full significance of your research results. Thus, once you have conducted your literature review, you will be in a position to present your research findings. In presenting these findings, you will need to refer back to your original hypotheses and explain the manner and degree to which your results fit with what you anticipated you would find. If you see strong support for your argument or perhaps some unexpected results that your original hypotheses cannot account for, this section is the place to convey such important information to your reader. This is also the place to suggest further lines of research that will help refine, clarify inconsistencies with, or provide additional support for your hypotheses. Finally, in the summary section of your paper, reiterate the significance of your research and your research findings and speculate upon the path that future research efforts should take.
Writing in political theory
Political theory differs from other subfields in political science in that it deals primarily with historical and normative, rather than empirical, analysis. In other words, political theorists are less concerned with the scientific measurement of political phenomena than with understanding how important political ideas develop over time. And they are less concerned with evaluating how things are than in debating how they should be. A return to our democracy example will make these distinctions clearer and give you some clues about how to write well in political theory.
Earlier, we talked about how to define democracy empirically so that it can be measured and tested in accordance with scientific principles. Political theorists also define democracy, but they use a different standard of measurement. Their definitions of democracy reflect their interest in political ideals—for example, liberty, equality, and citizenship—rather than scientific measurement. So, when writing about democracy from the perspective of a political theorist, you may be asked to make an argument about the proper way to define citizenship in a democratic society. Should citizens of a democratic society be expected to engage in decision-making and administration of government, or should they be satisfied with casting votes every couple of years?
In order to substantiate your position on such questions, you will need to pay special attention to two interrelated components of your writing: (1) the logical consistency of your ideas and (2) the manner in which you use the arguments of other theorists to support your own. First, you need to make sure that your conclusion and all points leading up to it follow from your original premises or assumptions. If, for example, you argue that democracy is a system of government through which citizens develop their full capacities as human beings, then your notion of citizenship will somehow need to support this broad definition of democracy. A narrow view of citizenship based exclusively or primarily on voting probably will not do. Whatever you argue, however, you will need to be sure to demonstrate in your analysis that you have considered the arguments of other theorists who have written about these issues. In some cases, their arguments will provide support for your own; in others, they will raise criticisms and concerns that you will need to address if you are going to make a convincing case for your point of view.
Drafting your paper
If you have used material from outside sources in your paper, be sure to cite them appropriately in your paper. In political science, writers most often use the APA or Turabian (a version of the Chicago Manual of Style) style guides when formatting references. Check with your instructor if they have not specified a citation style in the assignment. For more information on constructing citations, see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial.
Although all assignments are different, the preceding outlines provide a clear and simple guide that should help you in writing papers in any sub-field of political science. If you find that you need more assistance than this short guide provides, refer to the list of additional resources below or make an appointment to see a tutor at the Writing Center.
Works consulted
We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.
Becker, Howard S. 2007. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article , 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cuba, Lee. 2002. A Short Guide to Writing About Social Science , 4th ed. New York: Longman.
Lasswell, Harold Dwight. 1936. Politics: Who Gets What, When, How . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Scott, Gregory M., and Stephen M. Garrison. 1998. The Political Science Student Writer’s Manual , 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Turabian, Kate. 2018. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, Dissertations , 9th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Home > SBS > POLSCI > Political Science Department Masters Theses Collection
Political Science Department Masters Theses Collection
Theses from 2021 2021.
Responsiveness, Representation, and Democracy: A Critical Conceptual Analysis and its Implications for Political Science , Joshua Beck, Political Science
Post-Conflict Recovery or Conflict Recurrence: A Comparative Analysis of Economics, Colonial Histories, and Natural Resource Mining in Burkina Faso and Togo , Izabela Frechette, Political Science
Theses from 2020 2020
Designing Surveys on Youth Immigration Reform: Lessons from the 2016 CCES Anomaly , Saige Calkins, Political Science
Becoming Quasi-Colonial Political Subjects: Garveyism and Labor Organizing in the Tennessee Valley (1921-1945) , Ashley Everson, Political Science
Footing The Bill: an Empirical Look at the Correlation Between Campaign Contributions and Councilor Votes on Split Tax Rates in Massachusetts , Tristan LaLiberte, Political Science
Theses from 2019 2019
Playing by the Rules: A Look into the Relationship between Regime Type and War Crimes , Kelsey Anderson, Political Science
Theses from 2018 2018
Alien Nation , Adam Hoole, Political Science
Theses from 2017 2017
Bailed Out With A Little Help From My Friends: Social Similarity And Currency Swaps During The 2008 Crisis , Timothy Marple, Political Science
Theses from 2016 2016
Assessing the Effects of Heuristic Perceptions on Voter Turnout , Amanda Aziz, Political Science
Theses from 2006 2006
Education in belief system coherency and ideological constraint in Massachusetts. , David Ciuk, Political Science
Sex, wealth, and power : audience and the real Orange County. , Elizabeth K. Krieg, Political Science
Theses from 2003 2003
The impact of national identity in Scotland on devolution. , Jörg-Nicolas Rödger, Political Science
Theses from 2002 2002
A comparative study of the democratization process in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia during the 1990s. , Tilo E. Stolz, Political Science
Russian transformative state capacity : a comparative study of corporate law reform. , Walter P. Thörner, Political Science
The politics of being a citizen : women and citizenship in Rio de Janeiro. , Joanna S. Wheeler, Political Science
Theses from 2001 2001
The German influence on the life and thought of W.E.B. DuBois. , Michaela C. Orizu, Political Science
Theses from 2000 2000
Identity politics and nationalism in the post-Cold War era : a critical approach to understanding mutual hostilities. , Michael R. Kisielewski, Political Science
Theses from 1999 1999
Politics and the popular culture : an examination of the relationship between politics and film and music. , Patrick J. Knightly, Political Science
The United Nations' success in resolving disputes in the post Cold War era. , Kavita Shukla, Political Science
Theses from 1997 1997
Limiting one's policy choices through a currency board : a rewarding shock therapy approach for Estonia? , Ralf W. Boepple, Political Science
Globalization or regionalization : financial flows and business practices in Central Europe and Latin America. , Daniel Arthur Carter, Political Science
Racial integration policy : finding solutions. , Mario M. S. Martins, Political Science
The acceptance of international regimes by Third World countries : China's and Taiwan's compliance with the intellectual property rights regime. , Yueh-Ching Ma, Political Science
The right-wing agenda : how the communications staff impacted the successes and failures of the Reagan administration. , Scott F. Merzbach, Political Science
Theses from 1996 1996
Reorganization of the executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico : theoretical foundations and legitimacy of the administrative state. , Mario Acosta-Velez, Political Science
Contemporary civil-military relations in Brazil and Argentina : bargaining for political reality. , Carlos P. Baía, Political Science
War on-land versus war on-line : how technologies of war affect gender in the military. , Kelly K. Boyce, Political Science
Africa or America : race, culture, and politics in Afrocentric thought. , Brett V. Gadsden, Political Science
Reading personal legal narrative : deconstruction, jurisprudence, & textual politics. , Elizabeth A. Myrick, Political Science
The other nationalists : Marcus Garvey and Pedro Albizu Campos. , Charles R. Venator Santiago, Political Science
Theses from 1995 1995
India : a secular democracy on the decline? , Aradhana Das, Political Science
Internal determinants of foreign policy domestic politics and foreign policy in the Soviet Union and the United States, 1945-1948. , Kornel B. Dura, Political Science
Freedom of expression in the U.S. and Japan : a comparative study of the regulation of obscene materials. , Yuko Watanabe, Political Science
Theses from 1994 1994
A Two-Level Games Analysis of the Agricultural Trade Negotiations Between the United States and the European Community in the Uruguay Round , Byung-hwa Chung, Political Science
Foreign lobbying in Washington, D.C. , Gerd Foehrenbach, Political Science
Neither deathsquads nor democrats : explaining the behavior of the Salvadoran military. , Stett D. Holbrook, Political Science
Institutional structure and sustainable development : the influence of non-governmental organizations on the environmental policy of UNEP and the World Bank. , Ortrud Elisabeth Kamps, Political Science
Theses from 1993 1993
Fostering democracy in eastern Europe. , Andreas Staab, Political Science
Theses from 1992 1992
Benazir Bhutto : her political struggle in Pakistan. , Kimie Sekine, Political Science
Theses from 1991 1991
An engaged aesthetic : Aids activism through cultural practice. , Jennifer Kates, Political Science
Maintaining a Machiavellian perspective. , Marco F. Monoc, Political Science
The Czechoslovakian reaction to perestroika : an examination of political and economic change in Czechoslovakia from 1985 to 1990. , Edward J. Valla, Political Science
Theses from 1990 1990
A study of the pariah in Hannah Arendt's theory of action. , Tobi B. Elkin, Political Science
U.S. foreign policy and Israeli nuclear weapons, 1957-1982. , John L. Galligan, Political Science
The Soviet Union and eastern Europe : considerations in a political transformation of the Soviet bloc. , Dag Wincens Noren, Political Science
Theses from 1989 1989
The United States security policy in the tripolar nuclear power system : how China's attainment of mutual assured destruction (MAD) capability would affect the U.S. security policy. , Maki Tagaya, Political Science
Theses from 1988 1988
Religion, secularization and politics : the case of the Federal Republic of Germany. , Bernhard Boll, Political Science
The role of the meda in international affairs : an analysis of the media's role in relations between West Germany and Israel. , Lila B. Orbach, Political Science
Theses from 1987 1987
Polwar, the politicization of military forces : history, theory and practice. , Pascal Ronald Politano, Political Science
European political cooperation at the United Nations General Assembly in the 1980's. , Klaus-Dieter Stadler, Political Science
Theses from 1986 1986
The place of the philosopher. , Jeffrey B. Diamond, Political Science
Theses from 1985 1985
The law and policy of control : presidential papers and school library books. , Pamela R. McKay, Political Science
Politics and pleasures : sexual controversies in the women's and lesbian/gay liberation movements. , Lisa J. Orlando, Political Science
Theses from 1984 1984
The elite status of think tank directors : corporate liberals versus the New Right. , Beata Panagopoulos, Political Science
Theses from 1982 1982
Definitions of political power: a case study. , Thomas F. Gilmartin, Political Science
Theses from 1981 1981
The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Security Policy, 1945 to 1950 : The Joint Chiefs of Staff's perception of the external threat. , Mikael Sondergaard, Political Science
Implementation: policy becomes reality. , Walter K. Steiner, Political Science
Theses from 1980 1980
The aesthetic community : the social and political thought of Paul Goodman. , Willard Francis Petry, Political Science
Theses from 1979 1979
Ethos maintenance in Peruvian politics. , Michael D. Altfillisch, Political Science
Lenin: the party, revolution and politics. , William Francis Leahy, Political Science
Eurocommunism, Spain, and the views of Santiago Carrillo. , Joseph Anthony Nicastro, Political Science
Theses from 1978 1978
Indo-Pakistan relations (1972-1977) , Baderunissa Channah, Political Science
Army rule in Pakistan : a case study of a military regime. , Marguerite Maude Riley, Political Science
Theses from 1977 1977
The political posture of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America with specific reference to Colombia and Chile. , Ronnie Glantz Harrington, Political Science
Continuity vs. change in Southern Africa : the reality of legal reform and social change in Portuguese speaking Africa, (1950-early 1960's) , Betty J. Shaw, Political Science
The Massachusetts generic drug law : a history, 1967-1976. , James A. Smith, Political Science
Theses from 1976 1976
A systems analysis of cooperative federalism : the disability insurance program as a case study. , David Carl Baker, Political Science
The external setting of contemporary Japanese foreign policy. , Douglas Clarke Durham, Political Science
The Yippies.: an inquiry into the concept of cultural revolution. , Joseph R. Porcari, Political Science
Theses from 1975 1975
Urban renewal and the Springfield Health Department : effect of a federal program on a local unit of government. , Max Garber, Political Science
The 1966 Maryland gubernatorial election : the political saliency of open occupancy. , Michael S. Hatfield, Political Science
Critical movements in American politics: the vote for George Wallace in 1968. , Walter S. Jonas, Political Science
The Office for Children.: administrative advocacy. , Paul Joseph Sherry, Political Science
Theses from 1974 1974
The concept of modernization and development in Marx's, Lenin's and Marxist-Leninist thought. , Barry Blufer, Political Science
Fascism in western Europe in the inter-war period : historical and comparative perspectives. , Elaine Marie Brady, Political Science
Amin: his seizure and rule in Uganda. , James Francis Hanlon, Political Science
The politics of education : a case study of personnel policy making. , Marilee Hartley, Political Science
Manpower programs : government's response to the occupational needs of the poor. , Philip D. Lerner, Political Science
Namibia : the trust territory. , Olugbemi Moloye, Political Science
National Convention Reform: revision of delegate selection procedures in the Democratic Party 1968-1972. , Joseph J. Nogueira, Political Science
Anarchist social science : its origins and development. , Rochelle Ann Potak, Political Science
John Foster Dulles : pragmatist or moralist. , Harry Park Tolles, Political Science
Theses from 1973 1973
The public-private dichotomy : two contemporary case studies. , Timothy W. Armour, Political Science
Student movement, political development and modernisation in India. , Rita Braz, Political Science
Political development, the People's Party of Pakistan and the elections of 1970. , Meenakshi Gopinath, Political Science
NASA's patent policies and the problem of technology transfer. , Philip Joseph Lang, Political Science
A model for rational decision-making in administration of mental retardation services. , Ellsworth Alden Pearl, Political Science
The emergence of Bangla Desh. , Bannu A. Shrikhande, Political Science
Theses from 1972 1972
The evolution of the Yugoslav policy of nonalignment. , Donald S. Connors, Political Science
The Massachusetts Racial Imbalance Act : the administration of public policy at the state and local levels. , Barbara Garde Garvey, Political Science
The Supreme Court, freedom of expression, and the law of libel. , James J. Magee, Political Science
Theses from 1970 1970
Four European neutrals and European integration. , George C. Grosscup, Political Science
Theses from 1965 1965
The United States Congress conference committee system and reciprocal trade legislation, 1951-1962. , Ernest A. Chaples, Political Science
Theses from 1961 1961
Political ideas of Harold J. Laski. , Yŏng-jun Kim, Political Science
Some political novels of the New Industrial Age, 1873-1915. , Roger P. Leemhuis, Political Science
Theses from 1960 1960
A case history in zoning: the Holyoke, Massachusetts experience. , Michael P. Curran, Political Science
The British Labour Party and the reform of the House of Lords, 1918 to date. , Yousan Wang, Political Science
Theses from 1941 1941
The United States and the world court. , Eleanor B. Julian, Political Science
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This Essay Guide is designed to help you plan, write and format a standard essay in the School of Political Science and International Studies (POLSIS). Please note that this guide only applies to essays and that you may be asked to do other assessment pieces by your course coordinator that might require different types
Political Science. Political science writing asks analyze various kinds of political problems, questions, and puzzles, and to advance informed, well-researched, and substantive arguments. topics. They do not all employ the same kinds of evidence. "Data" means different things in the different subfields of political science, and your essays ...
The Six Parts of a Research Paper. A research paper in political science typically has 6 parts: (1) Introduction, (2) Literature review, (3) Theory, (4) Research Design, (5) Analysis, and (6) Conclusion/ Discussion. While papers do vary in their construction, that variation usually finds a way to embrace these 6 parts.
School of Political Science and International Studies . Telephone: + 61 7 33652858 . Email: [email protected] Website: www.polsis.uq.edu.au. ... This Essay Guide is designed to help you plan and construct a standard essay in the School of Political Science and International Studies. You may be asked to do other assessment pieces by your course
This essay is a compendium of the reactions to student writing over a long career, the kinds of ideas that are notes on critiques of numerous papers, ar-ticles, theses, and especially, dissertations. It is a set of principles and guide-lines for how to turn the product of political science research into something readable.
As anyone with essay-grading experience will tell you, there is no substitute for investing time in developing a solid, clear thesis and a well-argued essay. The best essays are often simple. Choose clarity over flashiness, quality over quantity (within the page lim-its, of course, i.e., an 8-page paper, no matter how
3) Expectations of Political Science professors. The essay is well structured. This means that the thesis statement is well supported throughout the essay by well developed points. More analysis than description - this is particularly true for citations. Avoid integrating a citation without appropriate analysis and explanation of its ...
Department of Political Science Senior Essays in Political Science . Introduction. One of the requirements of the Political Science major is the senior essay. The senior essay is an opportunity to go more deeply into a topic or puzzle than you ordinarily would on a final assignment for a course. At first, this may seem like a daunting task.
WRITING and STYLE. • Paragraph structure: first sentence, logical order, stitching paragraphs to make the paper flow (i.e. transition words). • Remember your thesis and find supports for all its components. • Use formal language, avoid colloquial language. • Proof-read.
A successful political theory paper in part depends to a huge extent on its architecture: the introduction (1.1), thesis statement (1.2), body (1.3) and conclusion (1.4). Understanding the role that each of these components are meant to play within the essay will hopefully aid you in crafting a strong, argumentative essay. !
Political Science 116, Non-State Actors in World Politics The following 10 points provide some advice for your research paper. This mimeograph is based, ... When it comes to writing the essay, think of it in terms of paragraphs. Each paragraph should convey a single unit of information. One simple rule to follow if organization is difficult for
David Z. Londow. Published in PS 1 September 1993. Political Science, Education. This bibliography has been compiled for political scientists who may wish to incorporate more writing in their courses or who themselves are engaged in writing projects. That writing is not only a tool to assess student learning or to develop independent critical ...
This paradigm was most prominent in political science research during the 1960s and 1970s, when it was seen as a growth stock (Greenstein1970). Due to a lack of robust ndings, the political socialization literature then experienced a decline. However, its central ideas were gradually integrated into other research agendas, such as studies
We are glad to meet you on Politzilla.com, where you can learn from perfectly written political science essay examples. Besides, our resource features several helpful educational tools, lists of exam answers, homework solutions, professional academic assistance, and an extended multinational community. This database will give you a second wind ...
Defining politics and political science. Political scientist Harold Laswell said it best: at its most basic level, politics is the struggle of "who gets what, when, how.". This struggle may be as modest as competing interest groups fighting over control of a small municipal budget or as overwhelming as a military stand-off between ...
Total written assignments (excluding examinations) will be at least 3,000 words in Politics 1020E, at least 5,000 words in a full course numbered 2000 or above, and at least 2,500 words in a half course numbered 2000 or above. "Personal Response Systems ("clickers") may be used in some classes.
Abstract. This essay overviews the body of research known as political discourse analysis (PDA). I begin by situating this work within the linguistic and political turns that took place in the ...
1 Political Science as a major social science deals with the relationship among men in organized societies and the relationship between man and the State. Despite recent developments in the discipline, the central problem of political science is how best to strike a balance between the authority of the State and the liberty of the individual.
The second essay makes a theoretical distinction between voters' perceptions of the corruption of the political system and of individual politicians. Evidence from original interviews and focus group discussions, as well as public opinion data shows that many Ugandan citizens perceive their political system to be highly corrupt. In particular ...
Syllabus: Intro to Political Science (100-level) This course is a comprehensive introduction to the study of politics and government. It is designed the familiarize students of all social sciences with the major concepts and themes in the discipline of political science. To accomplish that objective, the course explores the discipline's major ...
BookPDF Available. FOUNDATIONS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE. October 2021. Publisher: Zelon Integrated Services ,Limited. ISBN: ISBN 978-978-53101-9-1. Authors: Ibaba Samuel Ibaba. Niger Delta University ...
The political posture of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America with specific reference to Colombia and Chile., Ronnie Glantz Harrington, Political Science PDF Continuity vs. change in Southern Africa : the reality of legal reform and social change in Portuguese speaking Africa, (1950-early 1960's) , Betty J. Shaw, Political Science
Even as trust in other U.S. institutions declined sharply in recent decades, the Supreme Court has remained an outlier. The public has perceived the Court as a legal institution more than a political one, bolstered by its norms, processes, symbols, and independence, and therefore has granted it greater trust and legitimacy than the other branches (1, 2).
Subject: Political Science Term II MM: 40 Time: 2 hrs. Instructions: 1. The question paper has 3 Sections A, B & C. 2. Section A has 8 questions of 2 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 50 words each. 3. Section B has 3 questions of 4 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 100 words each ...
Software such as Imagetwin and Proofig helps publishers, universities spot copied scientific images. Imagetwin software detects similarities between images. It was early January when the Dana ...