keyboard shortcuts assignment

How to Create Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows 10

Any time you open a Windows app by rolling your mouse pointer over to an icon or lift your finger up and tapping on a tile, you're wasting time and putting unnecessary strain on your shoulder. The fastest and least physically-taxing way to launch any program is with a keyboard shortcut you can hit without even lifting your hands off of the homerow. Windows 10 allows you to create custom shortcuts for any program, whether it's a traditional "desktop" app, a new-fangled "universal app" or one of Windows 8's "metro apps." Here's how.

Method 1: Create a Desktop Shortcut

1. Open a command prompt window. You can get there by typing "cmd" into the Cortana / Search box and then right clicking on Command Prompt and selecting "Run as administrator."

2. Type "explorer shell:AppsFolder" (without quotes) at the command prompt and hit Enter. A window with a list of all your apps appears.

3. Right click on an app and select Create shortcut. It may be easier to find your app if you change the view setting to "detailed list" so you can see all the icons in a single column.

4. Click Yes when asked if you want the shortcut on the desktop. A new shortcut icon appears on your desktop.

5. Right click on the new shortcut icon and select Properties.

6. Enter a key combination in the Shortcut key field. The combination must be CTRL + ALT + a letter / number.

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7. Click OK.

Note: Remember not to use the same key combination twice. Also note that some programs use CTRL + ALT + keyboard shortcuts that would also launch if you were in their windows. For example, in Photoshop Elements, CTRL + ALT + I brings up the resize menu.

Method 2: Use the Start Menu

If you're creating a keyboard shortcut for a "desktop app," any application that installs via direct download rather than Windows Store alone, you can create the shortcut directly from the Start Menu. By using this method, you can avoid creating a separate shortcut icon on the desktop.

1. Open the Start Menu.

2. Navigate to the icon or tile for the app you want. If the app is not pinned as a tile, you can find it by clicking on the All apps and scrolling through the alphabetical list.

3. Right click and select Open file location. A window opens with a shortcut icon. If Open file location doesn't appear on the menu, this is a modern or universal app and you'll have to follow method 1 above.

4. Right click on the shortcut icon and select Properties.

5. Enter a key combination in the "Shortcut key" box.

6. Click OK.

Customize Windows 10

Previous Tip
Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts
Make Windows 10 Look and Feel Like Windows 7
Change the Default Windows Font
Turn Off Notification and System Sounds
Change Your Desktop Background in Windows 10
Change the Icon Size
Give Windows 10 a Dark Theme
Make Your Own Windows 10 Theme
Hide Your Name on the Login Screen
Add Another Column to the Start Menu
Get Mac-Like File Previews
Add My Computer Icon to Desktop
Edit Photos to Fit as Backgrounds
Add Accent Colors
Customize Autoplay Menu
Install and Delete Fonts
Customize the Action Center
Disable Transparency Effects
Get Classic Solitaire and Minesweeper
Change the Look of Windows 10 Books
Add a URL Field to the Taskbar
Add Clocks from Multiple Time Zones
Get the Old Volume Control Back
Disable Windows 10 Startup Delay
Add Quick Contacts to the Start Menu
Show Hidden Files and Folders
Enable Spatial Sound
Best Themes
All Windows 10 Tips
Change the Login Screen Background
Install New Desktop Themes

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How to change keyboard shortcuts in Windows 11

Change keyboard shortcuts in Windows if the default ones don't work for you

You'll want to know how to change keyboard shortcuts in Windows 11 if the default shortcuts just aren't cutting it for you.

Perhaps you're used to a macOS keyboard, or switch between Windows and Mac for work/play like me — if that's the case, it's super useful to reconfigure the default Windows shortcuts so that they're the same as on Mac. You might also want to use a particular keyboard shortcut that feels more comfortable, if you have difficulties with your hand or finger movement, for example.

Whatever the reason, it's easy to change keyboard shortcuts in Windows 11, but it isn't obvious how to do so if you don't already know. Luckily, this guide is here to walk you through it.

To remap the default Windows keyboard shortcuts, we're going to be using the PowerToys (a suite of Windows tools for power users) Keyboard Manager. Read our guide on how to get PowerToys in Windows 11 if you haven't got the tools yet.

We've already covered how to remap keys in Windows using the Keyboard Manager, but the process for remapping shortcuts is a little different. Remapping keys also changes individual keystrokes, while remapping shortcuts changes keystroke combinations like Ctrl + C (copy). You can also remap specific shortcuts to work differently in specific apps, which we'll also cover in this guide.

If you're ready to get into the guide, so are we! All you need to do now is read on to find out how to change keyboard shortcuts in Windows 11.

Before you start: remap shortcuts with a little bit of caution as it can cause headaches down the line, but don't worry about messing things up permanently. You can always undo the remaps that you apply with a simple click of the trash can in Keyboard Manager.

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1. Open PowerToys and enable Keyboard Manager

First up, open PowerToys and select Keyboard Managers from the menu on the left. It should be on by default, but if it isn't, toggle on Keyboard Manager .

2. Select Remap a shortcut

Now select Remap a shortcut .

3. Click the + button

Click the + button to create a new shortcut map.

4. Select your Physical Shortcut

You now need to select your Physical Shortcut . This is what keys you press in order to get the result of the existing shortcut you don't like. For example: I am going to set Ctrl + Up Arrow as my Physical Shortcut, mapped to Ctrl + C. That means when I press Ctrl + Up, I will get Ctrl + C (copy).

You have two options to select your Physical Shortcut. Click the dropdown and select a shortcut , or click Type and press the keys you want .

5. Choose your Mapped To keys

Now choose your Mapped To keys in the same way as step 4. As you can see in the screenshot, I have select Ctrl + Up as my Physical Shortcut and Ctrl + C as my Mapped To.

If you're typing your shortcuts as in the screenshot above, press OK when the correct keys appear.

6. (Optional) Select an app to use the new shortcut

You can now select a target app for the shortcut to work in. In the example above, I have selected only Microsoft Word for this shortcut to run in. You need to use the .exe name of the application : for word that's WinWord. Essentially use everything before the ".exe" on the application executable filename .

To use the shortcut globally, simply leave the Target Apps box blank .

7. Click OK when done

When you're happy, click OK to save your changes.

Don't worry if you don't like your new shortcut. To delete a shortcut, simply follow steps 1-2 to return to the Remap shortcuts page and click the trash can icon next to the shortcut you want to delete .

It's as easy as that! You can now create all the shortcuts you like. If you'd like to read more ways to use PowerToys, we can show you how to use PowerRename to bulk rename files and how to keep your computer awake with PowerToys Awake . You might also be interested in learning about how to customize the Windows 11 Start menu , if you aren't a fan of how it looks or works.

Peter is Editor of the How To and Camera sections at Tom's Guide. As a writer, he covers topics including tech, photography, gaming, hardware, motoring and food & drink. Outside of work, he's an avid photographer, specialising in architectural and portrait photography. When he's not snapping away on his beloved Fujifilm camera, he can usually be found telling everyone about his greyhounds, obsessively detailing his car, squeezing as many FPS as possible out of PC games, and perfecting his espresso shots.

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How to Set Up Your Own Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows 11

Fancy adding some keyboard shortcuts of your own to Windows 11? Here's how to do it.

Windows 11 includes numerous keyboard shortcuts right out of the box. However, the operating system doesn’t include any options for creating custom hotkeys that open software, documents, and folders. You can still add hotkeys to desktop shortcuts, but adding a plethora of shortcuts to the desktop isn’t exactly an ideal way to set up your system.

As a result, it’s better to check out some of the third-party keyboard shortcut software packages for Windows 11. WinHotKey and HotkeyP are among those apps that enable you to set up keyboard shortcuts for your favorite software, documents, and folders. This is how you can set up custom hotkeys with WinHotKey and HotkeyP.

How to Download and Install WinHotKey

WinHotKey is a freely available app for setting up new keyboard shortcuts. That software is compatible with most Windows desktop platforms as well. It has a quick and easy setup and takes up very little drive storage space. You can download and install WinHotKey as follows.

Open WinHotKey’s Softpedia page in a web browser.
Select the Download Now option.
Click the Softpedia Secure Download (US) option and download the file.
Select the Next option.
Click the I accept the agreement radio button, and press the Next button again.
Select the Next option to install the software.
After installing, select the option to set up a WinHotKey desktop shortcut. Then you can click that shortcut to launch the software.

How to Set Up Software Hotkeys

The WinHotKey Configuration includes a list of default Windows hotkeys . However, you can’t edit those default keyboard shortcuts in any way. What you can do is add new custom hotkeys for opening software to that list. You can set up new custom keyboard shortcuts for launching software like this.

Type an optional description for the hotkey in the text box on the General tab if you wish.
Select the Launch an application option on the drop-down menu.
Select an app for the hotkey to launch.
Click the OK button.
You can also select additional keys for the hotkey by clicking the Alt , Shift , and Ctrl checkboxes. The Windows checkbox is selected by default, but you can deselect that option.
Click the OK button to exit the Launch: Advanced window.
Then press the OK button on the New Hotkey window to add the keyboard shortcut.

Thereafter, the WinHotKey Configuration window will include your custom hotkey.

Now you can press your new hotkey to open whatever software you selected for it. You can change that keyboard shortcut by selecting it and clicking Edit Hotkey . To delete one, select it and click Remove Hotkey .

You can set up hotkeys for launching Windows programs as well as third-party software. The C: > Windows > System32 folder path includes many of the built-in accessories. These are some of the Windows features you can set up hotkeys for with WinHotKey:

Control Panel: control.exe
Task Manager: Taskmgr.exe
Calculator: calc.exe
Command Prompt: cmd
Notepad: notepad.exe
Performance Monitor: perfmon.exe
Registry Editor: regedit.exe
Event Viewer: eventvwr
Services Windows: services.msc
Optimize Drives: dfrgui

How to Set Up Folder, Document, and Window Control Hotkeys

Aside from software shortcuts, you can establish hotkeys for opening folders and document files much the same. Instead of selecting Launch an Application on the New Hotkey window, select either the Open a Folder or Open a Document option. Then click Browse to select a document’s or folder’s path, configure a key combination, and press the OK button.

WinHotKey also enables you to set up hotkeys for six different window control actions. To set up such a keyboard shortcut, select the Control the Current Window option on the New Hotkey window. Then you can select minimize, maximize, restore, toggle, resize, and move window control options for the keyboard shortcut.

How to Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts With HotkeyP

HotkeyP is a decent alternative third-party app to WinHotKey for creating custom Windows keyboard shortcuts. Like WinHotKey, it’s a freely available and lightweight app for utilizing on most Windows platforms. It enables you to set up custom keyboard shortcuts for opening user files and folders, running programs, and activating many functions. This is how you can download and run HotkeyP:

Bring up the HotkeyP Softpedia page .
Click HotkeyP’s Free Download button.
Double-click HotkeyP.exe file inside the extracted hotkeyp_64bit directory.

Now you’ll see an empty HotkeyP window. You can fill that window by adding some new custom hotkeys. First, try setting up a hotkey that opens software on your PC like this:

Press the … (ellipses) button for the Command box.
Select a program’s EXE (application) file for the hotkey to open.
Then click inside the empty box beside those checkboxes and press a key on your keyboard to include it within the hotkey.
Select OK to add the new custom hotkey.
Now you’ll see the new hotkey you’ve created included within the all and programs categories on the HotkeyP window. Press the new hotkey you just set up to launch the selected program.

There are extra options you can select to configure how the hotkey launches the program. For example, select Run as administrator to set the program to open with elevated privileges. Or set the software to run at a higher priority by selecting a high or above normal option on the Process priority drop-down menu.

You can set up custom hotkeys that open user files and folders much the same. To do so, click the … button in the Hot Key window and select a user file or folder instead of an app. Set the keyboard shortcut with the other settings.

To set up some system, multimedia, window, and display hotkeys with HotkeyP, click the < button on the Hot Key window. Move your cursor over the Windows , Display , Multimedia , or System submenu. Select a function (or action) to assign to the hotkey. For example, you can set up a hotkey that shuts down Windows by selecting Shutdown on the System menu.

You can change general software settings for HotkeyP by clicking the Options button. That will bring up an Options window that includes numerous miscellaneous software. Make sure the Start automatically at Windows startup checkbox is selected on the General tab. Then HotKeyP will automatically start in the background.

Set Up All the Windows Software HotKeys You Need With WinHotKey

So, you won’t need Windows 11 desktop, Start menu, and taskbar shortcuts anymore when you’ve got WinHotKey or HotKey P. They're easy-to-utilize programs with which you can set up a wide variety of software, folders, and document keyboard shortcuts without cluttering the Windows desktop. Their only notable shortcoming is that you can’t set up website hotkeys with them, but they're still very handy apps nonetheless.

How-To Geek

How to remap any key or shortcut on windows 11.

Swapping all of the vowels on your friend's keyboard isn't an officially listed use, but...

Quick Links

Download powertoys from microsoft and install it, use powertoys to remap keys or shortcuts, alternative solution: remap keys in windows 11 using sharpkeys.

Microsoft PowerToys is a handy utility for Windows that lets you customize all sorts of things about Windows---everything from the behavior of windows on your screen to your keyboard shortcuts. Here's how you can use PowerToys to remap your favorite (or least favorite!) shortcuts.

PowerToys doesn't come preinstalled on Windows; you need to download it manually. Microsoft recommends that you download PowerToys directly from GitHub . You should grab the latest version --- it'll always be the one nearest to the top.

Related: What Is GitHub, and What Is It Used For?

Make sure that you grab the correct version for your PC. Most Windows desktops and laptops out there use 64-bit Intel or AMD processors, so download the installer that has "x64" in the name somewhere. Click the ".exe" file once it has finished downloading and follow the prompts.

ARM-based processors are gradually becoming more common in PC, so it is possible your have one. You can always see what CPU is in your PC , and then look up the model number to be sure. Alternatively, you can just guess --- if you try to install the wrong one, you won't hurt your computer, you'll just see an error message.

The other option is to install PowerToys from the Microsoft Store. Just click "Install" and everything will be handled automatically. The only slight downside is that the version on the Microsoft Store is updated a bit more slowly than the version on GitHub, so you'll have to wait a bit longer for bug fixes.

If you want you can install PowerToys via a command line as well. Open up Terminal, make sure it is a PowerShell tab, then copy and paste

into the window and hit Enter.

Launch PowerToys and click on "Keyboard Manager" on the left-hand side.

Ensure that "Enable Keyboard Manager" is toggled to the "On" position --- it should be by default. There are two choices: "Remap a Key" and "Remap a Shortcut."

The names mostly speak for themselves. "Remap a Key" lets you map a key to a different key, a key to a shortcut, or a key to a function.

Related: Windows Task Manager: The Complete Guide

As a silly example, you could use "Remap a Key" to map the "T" key to "Ctrl+V" so that pressing "T" would trigger the paste function. You could map the "[" and "]" keys to "Volume Down" and "Volume Up," respectively.

You can select a key, shortcut, or function, using the drop-down menus, or you can click "Type." If you click "Type," you just need to press the key you want instead of scrolling through the list.

You're mostly constrained by the fact that there aren't many keys on your keyboard that can reasonably be rebound to other keys, shortcuts , or functions without impinging your ability to use your computer normally.

"Remap a Shortcut" is more useful in that regard. Unlike "Remap a Key," "Remap a Shortcut" allows you to combine multiple keystrokes and map them to another shortcut or function, and you can even make the remapping application specific. That gives you a ton of flexibility and lets you work around almost any preexisting shortcuts that might cause a conflict.

Related: 30 Essential Windows Key Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows 10

Select your new key combination, select the shortcut or function you want to map the new key combination to, and then pick the application you want to use it with.

Leave "Target App" blank to make the remap system-wide. If you want a remap to apply only to a specific program, you need to enter the program's executable name into the box.

You can open Terminal and enter the command "tasklist" to get a list of the processes currently running. It will display the name you need to enter into the "Target App" box under the "Image Name" column.

Now instead of mapping "[" and "]" to "Volume Down" and "Volume Up," you can map "Ctrl+[" to "Volume Down" and "Ctrl+]" to "Volume Up," and you don't need to worry about messing with your ability to insert brackets or curly brackets at all. If you wanted, you could map "Ctrl(Left)+Shift(Right)+T" to "Delete" and make it only apply in GIMP.

Plenty of applications let you remap shortcuts or functions within their settings, but some don't --- they're ideal candidates for the PowerToys remapping utility. Microsoft specifically warns that it may not work well in games , though, so test it thoroughly before you join a competitive match.

The one drawback to using PowerToys is that the utility needs to be running if you want to keep the key remapping working. Windows actually supports built-in key remapping via the Registry, but it's so complicated that you're better off using the open source SharpKeys application to handle it.

SharpKeys will allow you to remap any key to any other key, on any version of Windows, and you can even delete the application when you're done. The limitation? It can't handle shortcut key combinations, so you couldn't remap ALT+C to CTRL+C, but you can use it for things like disabling or remapping the Caps Lock key .

Simply install the application from the Microsoft Store or their Github repository, launch it, and then you can click the Add button from the interface to bring up the Add New Key Remapping dialog. From there, you can map from one key to another easily.

SharpKeys has worked in every version of Windows since at least Vista, so you can definitely use it for remapping keys on Windows 10 as well .

List of all Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts: The ultimate guide

Windows 10 includes many keyboard shortcuts to make your experience around the desktop easier, and you can check them out here.

Windows 10 includes a long list of keyboard shortcuts you can use to quickly navigate and perform actions using one or multiple key combos, which otherwise would take many more clicks and time to complete the task with the mouse.

The system has many shortcuts, but you don't need to learn every shortcut on Windows 10 . You only need to remember those that can help you make your workflow easier.

In this how-to guide , I'll outline all the most helpful keyboard shortcuts to navigate and operate the desktop and apps. You can also check out these additional shortcuts you need to know for Windows 11.

Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts

This comprehensive list includes the most helpful keyboard shortcuts to perform tasks on Windows 10.

Essential shortcuts

In this list I'm including the most essential keyboard shortcuts you should know on Windows 10:

Desktop shortcuts

On Windows 10, you can use these keyboard shortcuts to open, close, navigate, and perform tasks more quickly throughout the desktop experience, including the Start menu, Taskbar, Settings, and more.

File Explorer shortcuts

These are the most useful keyboard shortcuts you can use on File Explorer:

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Settings page shortcuts

This list includes the keyboard shortcuts for the dialog box legacy settings pages (for example, Folder Options).

Command Prompt shortcuts

On Command Prompt, you can use these keyboard shortcuts will help to work a little more efficiently:

Microsoft Edge shortcuts

On Microsoft Edge, you will benefit from these keyboard shortcuts. These shortcuts apply to any version of Windows.

Windows key shortcuts

The "Windows key," combined with other keys, allows you to perform many useful tasks, such as launch Settings, File Explorer, Run command, apps pinned in the Taskbar, or open specific features like Narrator or Magnifier. You can also complete tasks like controlling windows and virtual desktops, taking screenshots, locking the computer, and more.

This list includes all the most common keyboard shortcuts using the Windows key.

More resources

For more helpful articles, coverage, and answers to common questions about Windows 10 and Windows 11, visit the following resources:

Windows 11 on Windows Central — All you need to know
Windows 10 on Windows Central — All you need to know

Mauro Huculak is technical writer for WindowsCentral.com. His primary focus is to write comprehensive how-tos to help users get the most out of Windows 10 and its many related technologies. He has an IT background with professional certifications from Microsoft, Cisco, and CompTIA, and he's a recognized member of the Microsoft MVP community.

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4 I can't believe this 50-inch 4K TV is down to almost $200 in a doorbuster Best Buy sale — the perfect pairing for Xbox couch gaming
5 A new patch for Star Wars: Battlefront Classic Collection aims to fix some of the game's many woes

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10

Speed up your workflow and get rid of repetitive tasks

Want to know how to create keyboard shortcuts to do anything on Windows 10? This guide will help. Surprisingly, it’s quite easy to create a quick keybind that can open programs, perform repeatable tasks, and speed up your workflow.

I’ll suggest a number of different options you can use to make keyboard shortcuts and provide some examples of how you can use them to their max potential.

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10 image 1

Open Programs Quickly

I can see this shortcut option being useful for a large number of Windows 10 users. It’s quick and easy to set it up so that a quick shortcut can open any executable file. Here’s how to do it.

First, download the WinHotKey program from Directedge . It’s free to use. It’s a bit old, but it works and it’s clean. Once downloaded, go through the installer wizard, then launch WinHotKey. In WinHotKey, click New HotKey in the top left.

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10 image 2

In the new window that appears, give the hotkey a name . After, choose what combination you’d like to trigger the shortcut. For example, I chose to do Windows+F2. After, you can click the Browse option to find the location of the executable you’d like to open.

Alternatively, you can just copy and paste the location. WinHotKey will automatically grab the application icon so that you are given visual context about it. You can now open your program with the hotkey you’ve specified.

You must make sure that your keyboard shortcut doesn’t conflict with any existing shortcuts, either Windows defaults or from within the WinHotKey interface. For example, Alt+F4 couldn’t be used. It’s best to stick to Windows + ’X’ combinations to avoid conflicts.

Automatically Type Text

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10 image 3

If you consistently type the same sentences or words, you can automate it with WinHotKey too. To do this, click New Hotkey in WinHotKey, then click the drop down box under I want WinHotKey to: and select Type some text .

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10 image 4

Now, type or paste the text into the box at the bottom of the new hotkey window. Finally, make sure to choose a new keyboard shortcut you haven’t used before.

There isn’t a limit on how many characters you use with this shortcut, but if there is a line break in anything you paste, it will end there. So, it’s best for copying single paragraphs, things like hashtags for Instagram or social links for YouTube descriptions.

Open Folders and Documents in Windows 10

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10 image 5

WinHotKey can also be used to quickly open specific folders and documents within Windows 10. You can simply select the Open a Document or Open a Folder options under the I want WinHotKey to: dropdown box and then follow the same steps as above.

This time though, you’ll need to browse to a specific file or application. If you choose the open document option, most documents will work, so long as you have a supporting application defaulted to open those kinds of files. From my testing, I could get Photoshop, office apps like Excel, PDF files, and text files.

If a file didn’t work, Windows 10 will ask you to choose a default application for that file type, and then future hotkeys with that file type would then also work.

Use Autohotkey for Emojis

AutoHotkey is another application for Windows 10 that can help you to create more complex keyboard shortcuts. This software can be used to automate a large number of different tasks. You can download Autohotkey from their website for free.

Once you’ve downloaded it, extract the file to a memorable location. Then, in the directory, double click an .ahk file , then when asked, choose to browse what application should be used to open such files. Next, browse and navigate to AutoHotkeyU64 . This will allow you to run AutoHotkey scripts by double clicking them.

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10 image 6

It’s very easy to use emojis on a smartphone, but there isn’t any easy way to do this on a computer by default. With Autohotkey, you can set up a number of emoji shortcuts. Here’s how to do it.

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10 image 7

Creating a hotkey extension can be quite complex, but thankfully there are dozens of great autohotkey scripts on the internet. For creating emojis, we’d suggest this one .

On the page shared above, click the Raw button to be taken to a raw text file. Next, press Ctrl+A to select the entire code. Then press Ctrl+C to copy it all. After, open a Notepad file and paste the code there.

Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts for Anything in Windows 10 image 8

Now, click File in Notepad, then click Save as . Navigate to the directory you extracted Autohotkey. Next, click the Save as type drop down box and select All files. Now, name it Emoji.ahk and click Save.

To use this hotkey script, you’ll need to double click it each time you start your PC . After, you can type emoji codes like :smiley: to automatically use emojis. At any time, you can refer back to the Github link above to see which codes are used for each emoji.

More Advanced Autohotkey Scripts

The potential for more advanced Autohotkey scripts is quite impressive. You can read up on some of the best scripts here . Some examples include the following:

Magnify the screen with keybinds
Use mouse gestures
Drag windows easily
Quickly access your favorite folders
View upload/download speed via a small on-screen overlay

I hope that this guide on using Windows keyboard shortcuts has been useful. Did you learn anything? I hope so. Did you struggle with any of the suggestions in this guide? If so, send me a Tweet and I’ll be happy to help out as soon as possible.

Ollie stumbled upon writing online whilst participating in a mobile network forum back in 2011. Since then, he has developed an incredible passion for writing about all sorts of tech from smartphones, PC hardware, software, and everything in between. Read Ollie's Full Bio

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Keyboard Manager utility

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The PowerToys Keyboard Manager enables you to redefine keys on your keyboard.

For example, you can exchange the letter A for the letter B on your keyboard. When you press the A key, a B will be inserted.

PowerToys Keyboard Manager remap keys screenshot.

You can exchange shortcut key combinations. For example: The shortcut key Ctrl + C will copy text in many applications. With PowerToys Keyboard Manager utility, you can swap that shortcut for ⊞ Win + C . Now, ⊞ Win + C will copy text. If you do not specify a targeted application in PowerToys Keyboard Manager, the shortcut exchange will be applied globally across Windows.

Also, you can exchange key or shortcut to arbitrary unicode text sequence. For example, you can exchange the letter H for the text Hello! . When you press the H key, Hello! will be inserted. Similarly, you can exchange shortcut key Ctrl + G for some text (e.g. Hello from shortcut! ) and that text will be inserted on Ctrl + G .

PowerToys Keyboard Manager must be enabled (with PowerToys running in the background) for remapped keys and shortcuts to be applied. If PowerToys is not running, key remapping will no longer be applied.

There are some shortcut keys that are reserved for the operating system or cannot be replaced. Keys that cannot be remapped include:

⊞ Win + L and Ctrl + Alt + Del cannot be remapped as they are reserved by the Windows OS.
The Fn (function) key cannot be remapped (in most cases). The F1 ~ F12 (and F13 ~ F24 ) keys can be mapped.
Pause will only send a single key-down event. So mapping it against the backspace key, for instance, and pressing and holding will only delete a single character.
⊞ Win + G often opens the Xbox Game Bar, even when reassigned. Game Bar can be disabled in Windows Settings .

To create mappings with Keyboard Manager, open the PowerToys Settings. Inside PowerToys Settings, on the Keyboard Manager tab, you will see options to:

Launch the Remap Keys settings window by selecting Remap a key
Launch the Remap Shortcuts settings window by selecting Remap a shortcut

Remapping keys

To remap a key, changing it to a new value, launch the Remap Keyboard settings window with Remap a Key . When first launched, no predefined mappings will be displayed. Select ╋ Add key remapping to add a new remap.

Once a new remap row appears, select the input key whose output you want to change in the “Select” column. Select the new key, shortcut or text value to assign in the “To send” column.

For example, to press A and have B appear:

To swap key positions between the A and B keys, add another remapping with:

Remapping a key to a shortcut

To remap a key to a shortcut (combination of keys), enter the shortcut key combination in the "To send" column.

For example, to press the Ctrl key and have it result in ⊞ Win + ← (left arrow):

Key remapping will be maintained even if the remapped key is used inside another shortcut. The order of key press matters in this scenario as the action is executed during key-down, not key-up. For example, pressing Ctrl + C would result as ⊞ Win + left arrow + C . Pressing the Ctrl key will first execute ⊞ Win + left arrow . Pressing the C key first will execute C + ⊞ Win + left arrow .

Remapping a key to text

To remap a key to arbitrary unicode text, in the "To send" column first select "Text" in the combo box and then fill the text box with wanted text.

For example, to press the H key and have it result in Hello! :

Remapping shortcuts

To remap a shortcut key combination, like Ctrl + C , select Remap a shortcut to launch the Remap Shortcuts settings window.

When first launched, no predefined mappings will be displayed. Select + Add shortcut remapping to add a new remap.

Once a new remap row appears, select the input keys whose output you want to change in the “Select” column. Select the new shortcut value to assign in the “To send” column.

For example, the shortcut Ctrl + C copies selected text. To remap that shortcut to use the Alt key, rather than the Ctrl key:

There are a few rules to follow when remapping shortcuts. These rules only apply to the "Shortcut" column.

Shortcuts must begin with a modifier key: Ctrl , Shift , Alt , or ⊞ Win
Shortcuts must end with an action key (all non-modifier keys): A, B, C, 1, 2, 3, etc.
Shortcuts cannot exceed four keys in length, or five if the shortcut is a 'chord'.

Shortcuts with chords

Shortcuts can be created with one or more modifiers and two non-modifier keys. These are called 'chords.' In order to create a chord, you need to use the edit button to open the modal to record the shortcut using the keyboard. Once this is open, you need to toggle on the 'Allow chords' switch. Doing this allows you to enter two non-modifier keys. For example, you can create shortcuts using a chord based on 'V' for V olume U p and V olume D own like this:

Chords are handy if you have a number of shortcuts that are similar, and so it makes sense to have them all start with the same non-modifier key.

Remap a shortcut to a single key

It is possible to remap a shortcut (key combination) to a single key press by selecting Remap a shortcut in PowerToys Settings.

For example, to replace the shortcut ⊞ Win + ← (left arrow) with a single key press Alt :

Shortcut remapping will be maintained even if the remapped key is used inside another shortcut. The order of key press matters in this scenario as the action is executed during key-down, not key-up. For example: pressing ⊞ Win + ← + Shift would result in Alt + Shift .

Remap a shortcut to text

For example, to replace the shortcut Ctrl + G with Hello! text, first select "Text" in the combo box and then fill the text box with "Hello!":

Remap a shortcut to start an app

Keyboard Manager enables you to start applications with the activation of any shortcut. Select "Start App" from the action in the "To:" column to do this. There are a few options to configure when using this type of shortcut. They are:

Remap a shortcut to open a URI

This type of shortcut action will open a URI. The only option is the actual Path/URI. Almost anything you can issue on the command line should work. See Launch an app with a URI for more examples.

App-specific shortcuts

Keyboard Manager enables you to remap shortcuts for only specific apps (rather than globally across Windows).

For example, in the Outlook email app the shortcut Ctrl + E is set by default to search for an email. If you prefer instead to set Ctrl + F to search your email (rather than forward an email as set by default), you can remap the shortcut with "Outlook" set as your "Target app".

Keyboard Manager uses process-names (not application names) to target apps. For example, Microsoft Edge is set as "msedge" (process name), not "Microsoft Edge" (application name). To find an application's process name, open PowerShell and enter the command get-process or open Command Prompt and enter the command tasklist . This will result in a list of process names for all applications you currently have open. Below is a list of a few popular application process names.

How to select a key

To select a key or shortcut to remap:

Select Select .
Use the drop-down menu.

Once you select Select , a dialogue window will open in which you can enter the key or shortcut, using your keyboard. Once you’re satisfied with the output, hold Enter to continue. To leave the dialogue, hold Esc .

Using the drop-down menu, you can search with the key name and additional drop-down values will appear as you progress. However, you can not use the type-key feature while the drop-down menu is open.

Orphaning Keys

Orphaning a key means that you mapped it to another key and no longer have anything mapped to it. For example, if the key is remapped from A to B , then a key no longer exists on your keyboard that results in A . To ensure this does not happen by accident, a warning will display for any orphaned keys. To fix this, select ╋ to create another remapped key that is mapped to result in A .

PowerToys Keyboard Manager orphaned key.

Frequently asked questions

I remapped the wrong keys, how can i stop it quickly.

For key remapping to work, PowerToys must be running in the background and Keyboard Manager must be enabled. To stop remapped keys, close PowerToys or disable Keyboard Manager in the PowerToys settings.

Can I use Keyboard Manager at my log-in screen?

No, Keyboard Manager is only available when PowerToys is running and doesn’t work on any password screen, including while Run As Admin.

Do I have to restart my computer or PowerToys for the remapping to take effect?

No, remapping should occur immediately upon pressing OK .

Where are the Mac/Linux profiles?

Currently Mac and Linux profiles are not included.

Will this work on video games?

We suggest that you avoid using Keyboard Manager when playing games as it may affect the game's performance. It will also depend on how the game accesses your keys. Certain keyboard APIs do not work with Keyboard Manager.

Will remapping work if I change my input language?

Yes it will. Right now if you remap A to B on English (US) keyboard and then change the language setting to French, typing A on the French keyboard ( Q on the English US physical keyboard) would result in B , this is consistent with how Windows handles multilingual input.

Can I have different key mappings across multiple keyboards?

Currently no. We are not aware of an API where we can see the input and which device it came from. The typical use case here is a laptop with an external keyboard connected.

I see keys listed in the drop down menus that don't work. Why is that?

Keyboard Manager lists mappings for all known physical keyboard keys. Some of these mappings may not be available on your keyboard as there may not be a physical key that it corresponds to. For instance: the Start App 1 option shown below is only available on keyboards that physically have a Start App 1 key. Trying to map to and from this key on a keyboard that does not support the Start App 1 key will result in undefined behavior.

PowerToys Keyboard Manager List of Keys.

Troubleshooting

If you have tried to remap a key or shortcut and are having trouble, it could be one of the following issues:

Run As Admin: Remapping will not work on an app or window if that window is running in administrator (elevated) mode and PowerToys is not running as administrator. Try running PowerToys as an administrator .
Not Intercepting Keys: Keyboard Manager intercepts keyboard hooks to remap your keys. Some apps that also do this can interfere with Keyboard Manager. To fix this, go to the settings, disable and enable Keyboard Manager.

Known Issues

Keyboard Manager should not be used when playing video games. Keyboard Manager interception of key presses currently will impact the FPS.
Remapping keys like Win, Ctrl, Alt or Shift may break gestures and some special keys
AltGr and Ctrl+Alt gives issues, since AltGr behaves as (L)Ctrl + (R)Alt and remapping one of these keys can break the function.

See the list of all open keyboard manager issues .

Windows developer

Coming soon: Throughout 2024 we will be phasing out GitHub Issues as the feedback mechanism for content and replacing it with a new feedback system. For more information see: https://aka.ms/ContentUserFeedback .

Submit and view feedback for

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April 11, 2023

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Remapping 101: How to change your keyboard key output

Your PC or laptop keyboard doesn’t have to be one-size-fits-all. If you’re not a fan of certain key placements or find that you aren’t using some of your keys, you can rearrange the functions of your keys however you like. Most keyboards are laid out in the same way, but Windows 11 features allow you to make the necessary adjustments to help you type more comfortably. Learn how you can remap your keys and change keyboard outputs on Windows 11 .

Why remap your keyboard?

If you’re used to a standard keyboard layout, you may not initially see the value in remapping your keys. Here are some common reasons for changing keyboard outputs:

Typing on a foreign keyboard. If you want to type in any language besides English, it can be difficult to type seamlessly on an English-only keyboard. By switching your key functions, you can cater to different language settings.
Using your keyboard for PC gaming. PC gamers rely on their keyboards to play their favorite games. Remapping your keys to best suit your gaming needs can improve performance and make your frequently used keys more accessible.
Repurposing underused keys. Not everyone uses their keys the same way. If it seems like a key that you don’t often use is taking up valuable space on your keyboard, you can reassign its function to find a good use for it and increase productivity.

Popular QWERTY alternatives

You may notice that top row of letters on your keyboard, going left to right, spells QWERTY. However, there are other popular keyboard layouts that can help you type faster or more comfortably. Learn more about each layout and how they might benefit your typing:

AZERTY. The AZERTY layout simply moves the output of the Q , W , and M keys. It is most often used in France and other surrounding countries.
Dvorak. The Dvorak layout puts the most used keys in the middle row, which decreases finger movement. This typing method can help reduce strain in your fingers, which makes for a more ergonomic experience.
Colemak. The Colemak layout offers a slight improvement on the Dvorak layout. It also places the commonly used keys in the middle row, but it keeps the useable features of the QWERTY layout intact.

How to remap your keys on Windows 11

The easiest way to change your keyboard functions on Windows 11 is to use the Keyboard Manager utility. The Keyboard Manager is one of many utilities available in Microsoft PowerToys , which are a collection of productivity tools that allow users to customize their Windows experience.

How does Keyboard Manager work?

Once you’ve downloaded PowerToys onto your device, select Keyboard Manager and toggle Enable Keyboard Manager. You’ll find separate sections for remapping keys and remapping shortcuts, each of which can be adjusted to your liking. Some keys and shortcuts cannot be remapped in Keyboard Manager, and these limitations are highlighted on the platform. PowerToys must be running for the key mapping to work, so make sure you don’t close out of the program after making your selections.

What other keyboard mapping functions are available on Windows?

If you are still running Windows 10 on your PC, you can download Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator to create your own keyboard layouts. Microsoft keyboard users can also try the Mouse and Keyboard Center app to get the most out of the customization features within the accessories. Other keyboard mapping options can be downloaded on Microsoft Apps .

By learning how to remap your keys, you can break the mold and take control of how you use your keyboard. Shop for Microsoft Keyboards to find the perfect keyboard to test your remapped keys on Windows 11 .

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HP PCs - Keyboard shortcuts, hotkeys, and special keys (Windows)

Discover useful keyboard features in Windows that can make navigation, tasks, and functions quicker and easier.

Common keyboard shortcuts

You can use key press combinations to perform common tasks in Windows.

Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts

Use key press combinations to quickly access common functions in Windows 10.

Keys with icons or symbols

Most keyboards come with special symbols applied to the function keys. Your HP keyboard might have extra keys or buttons with icons as well.

On most laptop keyboards, you must press and hold the fn key before pressing the key with the symbol or icon to perform the function.

Frequently asked questions

Review these frequently asked questions (FAQs) to find answers to common questions about keyboard shortcuts.

How do I change or disable a key?

You can use additional software to change the behavior of keyboard keys in Windows.

There are several free software apps for changing the behavior of keys, such as Sharpkeys, MapKeyboard, KeyTweak, Keyboard Layout Creator by Microsoft, and others. Search the internet for the name of one of these software applications or "keyboard mapping software" to learn more.

It is important to create a System Restore point before remapping keys in case you need to return to your original keyboard layout.

The fn key is a special key controlled by hardware. It cannot be remapped using software.

What do the function keys do?

Function keys allow you to perform an action by pressing a key instead of typing a character.

The action that happens for a function key depends on the software that is active when the key is pressed. Some software or apps might have functions for the keys, while others might not. If you press a function key while using an app and nothing happens, the app might not have a function programmed for that key.

Some function keys have a symbol printed on the key in addition to the function number. To activate the function that corresponds to the symbol, press and hold the fn key while pressing the function key. See Keys with icons or symbols for more information.

See the software help menu or support site to find out which keys are supported and the associated functions for those keys.

How do I turn the fn key on or off?

You can change a setting in the BIOS to change the Action Key mode setting.

Normally, you must first press the fn key to perform the secondary action of a function key, which is the action of the printed symbol on the key. Some notebook computers use a feature called Action Key mode that allows you to perform the secondary action without needing to press and hold the fn key first.

For more information, see HP Notebook PCs - How to lock or unlock the fn (function) key .

How do I type an at sign (@)?

On most keyboards the at sign (@) is created by pressing shift + 2 .

If your keyboard has more than one symbol on the number 2 key, press ctrl + shift + 2 to type the at sign. If the at sign is found on the letter Q key, press and hold the altgr key, and then press q to type the at sign.

Can I use my keyboard as a mouse?

Yes. You can use keyboard shortcuts to perform normal Windows tasks in place of actions that would normally be done through a mouse. Or, you can enable mouse keys to use the numeric keyboard in place of a mouse.

You can use the following keyboard shortcuts to perform normal Windows tasks that would normally be done by using a mouse.

Use mouse keys (numeric keypad required)

Move the mouse pointer and click items in Windows by using the keys on the numeric keypad.

Press the Windows key + u to open the Ease of Access Settings screen.

Open the Ease of Access options for using a mouse.

Using the keyboard: Use the arrow keys and the tab key to highlight the Mouse option from the Ease of Access menu on the left side of the window, and then press enter .

Using the mouse: Click the Mouse option from the Ease of Access menu on the left side of the window.

Turn on mouse keys.

Using the keyboard: Use the arrow keys and the tab key (if needed) to highlight Use numeric keypad to move mouse around the screen , and then press space to make the selection.

Using the mouse: Click the slider for Use numeric keypad to move mouse around the screen .

If Num Lock is not enabled, press the num lock key to enable the numpad and Mouse Keys . The Mouse Keys feature is only on when Num Lock is enabled.

Press the following keys to perform mouse actions from the numeric keypad:

To move the pointer, press a number other than 5 in a direction that corresponds to the number's placement on the keypad. For example, press 8 to move the pointer up or press 1 to move the pointer down and to the left.

To left-click, press forward slash ( / ) and then press 5 .

To right-click, press the minus sign ( - ) and then press 5 .

To double-click (the left mouse button), press forward slash ( / ) and then press + .

To drag (hold the left mouse button), press zero ( 0 ).

To drop (release the left mouse button), press period or decimal point ( . ).

The speed of the mouse pointer might be slow after first enabling this feature. Increase the speed of the mouse pointer from the pointer options tab in mouse settings.

What do I do when some keys type the wrong characters?

Make sure that Num Lock is off by pressing the num lock key. If the problem persists, make sure that your keyboard input method in Windows matches your keyboard's country/region type. For example, if a QWERTY input method is used with a QWERTZ keyboard, some letters, such as Y and Z, do not produce the key press as labeled on the keys.

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6 life-altering rstudio keyboard shortcuts.

Posted on January 4, 2021 by Business Science in R bloggers | 0 Comments

[social4i size="small" align="align-left"] --> [This article was first published on business-science.io , and kindly contributed to R-bloggers ]. (You can report issue about the content on this page here ) Want to share your content on R-bloggers? click here if you have a blog, or here if you don't.

This article is part of a R-Tips Weekly, a weekly video tutorial that shows you step-by-step how to do common R coding tasks.

The RStudio IDE is amazing. You can enhance your R productivity even more with these simple keyboard shortcuts.

Here are the links to get set up. ?

Get the Code
YouTube Tutorial

6 Keyboard Shortcuts (that will change your life)

Let’s speed up common activities with these 6 super-useful keyboard shortcuts.

1: Commenting & Uncommenting Code [Ctrl + Shift + C]

I use this all the time to turn text into commented text. Works with multiple lines too.

Go from this…

To this…

2: Add the Pipe %>% [Ctrl + Shift + M]

My students absolutely love this. You can easily add the Pipe %>% in any spot you’d like! Perfect for data wrangling with dplyr.

3: Insert The Assignment Operator [Alt + -]

My code has tons of assignment operators. This is a simple, time-saver that will make you more productive in building functions and assigning variables values.

4: Cursor-Select Multiple Lines [Ctrl + Alt + Up/Down/Click]

This is a recent addition to my portfolio of must-know keyboard shortcuts. Using Multi-Cursor Select has now become a go-to for editing R code .

Multi-Line Select

…And edit!

5: Find in Files [Ctrl + Shift + F]

THIS IS A SUPER POWER. Seriously. Learn to use this one right now!

Find in Files

Found every instance of ggplot by file!

6: Keyboard Shortcut Cheat Sheet [Alt + Shift + K]

More shortcuts!!! Run this to get a Keyboard Shortcut Cheat Sheet.

Your coworkers will be jealous of your productivity. ?

But if you really want to improve your productivity…

Here’s how to master R. ?

What happens after you learn R for Business.

The look on your boss’s face after you’ve launched your first Shiny App . ?

This is career acceleration.

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Check out the setup video (https://youtu.be/F7aYV0RPyD0). Or, Hit Pull in the Git Menu to get the R-Tips Code

Once you take these actions, you’ll be set up to receive R-Tips with Code every week. =)

Interactive Principal Component Analysis in R
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Key Assignments – Keyboard Shortcuts

Key Assignments Short List

General Key Assignments

Jump to spots, jump to cq frequencies, tune the radio, change keyboard & radio focus, other nifty tricks, jump non-active radio to spots, tune the non-active radio, logging key assignments, callsign/exchange editing features, message key assignments, cw key assignments, enter sends message mode (esm), telnet key assignments, available window key assignments, so2r key assignments, rtty key assignments, gridsquare key assignments (vhf and up), rotator key assignments, window key assignments, lookup table edit, qtc keys (for wae contests).

Key Assignments – Keyboard Shortcuts

Table of Shortcut Keys by Operating Mode (RUN vs S&P)

Table of Shortcut Keys by Transmit Mode

Note: The keys below work from all main windows

Space – The spacebar will jump from field to field filling in defaults like the callsign from the call-frame, 59/599, and information from previous contacts with this station. SPACE IS THE PREFERRED TAB CHARACTER .
Tab – Jump to the next entry field in the Entry Window.
Shift+Tab – Jump to the previous entry field in the Entry Window.
Alt+H – open Internet help. Most windows have contest-specific help accessible from their right-click menus.
Ctrl+Tab – Toggle between the Entry window and the Packet window.
Alt+F9 – toggle through all the antennas defined for the current band. The selected antenna will show in the lower-left corner of the status pane.
Alt+F4 – Quit the program. If two Entry windows (SO2R) the program will not exit. You are being asked if you are sure.

Active Radio/Bandmap Control Key Assignments

Note: If you are operating single mode, your mode won’t change when jumping between spots.

Ctrl+Down Arrow – Get next spot higher in frequency.
Ctrl+Up Arrow – Get next spot lower in frequency.
Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow – Get next spot higher in frequency that is a multiplier.
Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow – Get next spot lower in frequency that is a multiplier.
Shift+Alt+Up Arrow – Get next spot lower in frequency that is self-spotted.
Shift+Alt+Down Arrow – Get next spot higher in frequency that is self-spotted.
Alt+Q – Jumps to the last CQ frequency on this band (active bandmap) and will clear all textboxes in the Entry Window.
Shift+Alt+Q – Jumps to the last CQ frequency on other band (non-active bandmap).
Ctrl+Alt+Q – Jumps to your last used CQ frequency on any band and tune active bandmap to that frequency.
Alt+F8 – Return to your previous frequency (you can use this to “undo” Alt+Q).
Ctrl+Page Up – Go up one band. WARC bands are skipped while logging for a contest.
Ctrl+Page Down – Go down one band. WARC bands are skipped while logging for a contest.
In S&P – pressing the up/down arrows will turn off RIT and tune your main VFO.
In Running mode – it will turn on your RIT and tune the RIT.
See Up Arrow information above
Alt+Mouse wheel – With the mouse in the Entry Window, QSY to the next round-number frequency rounded off to 1 kHz
Ctrl+Mouse wheel – With the mouse in the Entry Window, QSY to the next round-number frequency rounded off to 10 kHz
Ctrl+Alt+Mouse wheel – With the mouse in the Entry Window, QSY to the next round-number frequency rounded off to 100 kHz
Alt+F7 – Set split frequency or offset from current frequency for the active radio. When hitting Enter or click OK with nothing on the line split will be cleared. Press ESC or click Cancel to exit. More information about working split can be found in the Single Operator Split Operation chapter.
Ctrl+Enter – Entering a frequency or offset in the callsign field and entered with Ctrl+Enter will set a split frequency.
Alt+S – When your rig is in the split mode, Alt+S will reset the RX frequency back to your transmit frequency, but the split mode is preserved. “Reset RX frequency when running split” is associated with Alt+S. When invoked, the program will automatically do an Alt+S as you log each QSO. Operates on VFO-A only!
Ctrl+S – Set radio to split operation, if not in split mode already.
Ctrl+Alt+S – Toggle Split mode on the radio. ‘Split’ will be shown in the Entry window.
Alt+F5 – Swap radio frequency, mode, and callsigns between VFOs (SO2V) or radios (SO2R). In SO2R, the receive focus changes to the non-active radio.
Alt+F6 – SO2R only command. Identical to Alt+F5 except the receive focus does not change.
Alt+F8 – Jump to your last frequency.
Alt+’ (Alt+singlequote) – toggle between the wide and narrow filter for the selected mode (SSB, CW and Digi modes).
If “Sub Receiver Always On” is ON and the Sub RX is ON, turn “Sub Receiver Always On” to OFF and leave the Sub RX ON
If “Sub Receiver Always On” is ON and the Sub RX is OFF, turn “Sub Receiver Always On” to OFF and leave the Sub RX OFF
If “Sub Receiver Always On” is OFF and the Sub RX is ON, turn “Sub Receiver Always On” to ON and leave the Sub RX ON
If “Sub Receiver Always On” is OFF and the Sub RX is OFF, turn both ON
Ctrl+Left arrow – Move both TX and RX/Keyboard focus to VFO A or in SO2R to left radio
Ctrl+Right arrow – Move both TX and RX/Keyboard focus to VFO B or in SO2R to right radio
Command is disabled during SO2R for Icom radios that lack a swap VFO CAT command. This is because the program is unaware of Icom VFO B frequency in SO2R mode.
Pause – Swap radios and match keyboard to radio.
SO2V – One radio – 2 VFOs – Moves RX focus between the 2 VFOs on the radio.
SO2R – Two radios – Moves RX focus between the 2 radios.
You can also zoom in by using the mouse wheel when the mouse is over the Bandmap window
You can also zoom out by using the mouse wheel when the mouse is over the Bandmap window
Ctrl+T – Turn on the radio and send continuous CW (tune). Ctrl+T again or the Escape key ends the transmission.
A few radios use Alt+F12 for specific features and then mostly swaps MAIN and SUB using the CAT radio command
Dual Receive toggle. NB. Only turn Dual Receive on/off from the keyboard so it stays in sync with the program.
Toggle between Main/left Sub/Right and Active in both ears.
SO2R mode,Toggle Stereo/Mono ( LPT pin 5). If MK2R or OTRSP is enabled send stereo commands to the external SO2R controller.
SO2V mode, some radios containing Dual Rx have specific functions assigned to this key. See the Supported Radios section for the specifics.
SO1V mode, some radios containing Dual Rx have specific functions assigned to this key – such as enabled the Sub-Receiver. Otherwise this key is disabled in SO1V.
Backquote (grave accent) can be found on US keyboard as the unshifted tilde ~
= (equal key) – Will send the last message key (F1-F12) again.
Alt+F11 – Disable/Enable the switching between RUN and S&P. In a networked environment with more than one RUN station on the same band, the switch to S&P must be disabled. This is also used during DXpeditions to stay in Run mode all the time and not jump inadvertently to S&P mode when you QSY a small amount and don’t call CQ. This behavior can be toggled using the Alt+F11 key and the state will be indicated in the Entry window status bar. Look for “Run/S&P auto-toggle disabled” or “S&P and Run Mode enabled”.

Non-Active Radio/Bandmap Control Key Assignments

Ctrl+Shift+Down Arrow – Get next spot higher in frequency and will skip over CQ-Frequency when radios/VFOs are on the same band. Proper keystroke operation is radio dependent. Disabled for SO1V.
Ctrl+Shift+Up Arrow – Get next spot lower in frequency and will skip over CQ-Frequency when radios/VFOs are on the same band. Proper keystroke operation is radio dependent. Disabled for SO1V.
Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow – Get next spot higher in frequency that is a multiplier. If you are operating single mode, your mode won’t change when jumping between spots. Disabled for SO1V.
Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow – Get next spot lower in frequency that is a multiplier. If you are operating single mode, your mode won’t change when jumping between spots. Disabled for SO1V.
Shift+Alt+Q – Jumps to your last CQ frequency on the inactive VFO/radio.
Ctrl+Shift+Page Up – Go up one band.
Ctrl+Shift+Page Down – Go down one band.
Shift + Numeric keypad + (plus) – Zoom in the inactive bandmap
Shift + Numeric keypad – (minus) – Zoom out the inactive bandmap
Log contact, when ‘Enter sends message’ is off in config menu.
Sends message when ‘Enter sends message’ is on in config menu. The send messages depend on the field values i.e. in which field the cursor is in the Entry Window. Check the highlighted keys.
Jumps from callsign to Exchange field or vice versa.
Other fields’ default values will be filled in
If there is a call on the callsign frame and if the callsign field is empty, the call from the frame will be placed in the callsign textbox.
Alt+Enter – Send End of QSO message key and log the contact. In ESM it just logs the contact (nothing sent).
Insert or ; – Sends His Call key followed by the Exchange key.
‘ – Send End of QSO message and enter in log .
Wipe Out Entry Fields, clear information about the current contact in this window
If all of the entry fields are blank, this restores the last wiped contact (“unwipe” function)
Serial number contests: Release a reserved serial number after it has been reserved
Ctrl+Shift+W – Wipe out other window’s contact information.
When no comment is entered “Forced QSO” will be added to the comment field.
Ctrl+Y – Edit last contact.
Ctrl+D – Delete the last contact.
Alt+O – Store contact in the bandmap.
Alt+M – Mark this frequency in the bandmap as being in use.
Alt+D – Removes the spot from the bandmap which is on the callsign frame or in the callsign field in the Entry window when S&P or CQ-frequency when Running.
Ctrl+F – Find the callsign entered in the callsign field in the log. Pressing Ctrl+F again will find the next instance.
Ctrl+M – Enable/disable ‘Enter sends message’ mode.
Ctrl+N – Add a note/comment to your last or current contact.
Ctrl+Q – Quick Edit mode, go back one qso in the log. Enter logs and Escape discards the changes made. No content checking!
Ctrl+A – Quick Edit mode, go forward one qso in the log. Enter logs and Escape discards the changes made. No content checking!
Ctrl+U – Increase the number in the exchange field by 1.
Alt+U – Toggles “Running’ box”. When running is checked, the behavior of Enter Sends Messages mode changes appropriately. Additionally contacts are logged as being part of a run.
Alt+K – Change the contents of the Packet/CW/SSB/Digital message buttons.
Alt+Y – Will “yank” the first call from the Check window in the Entry window callsign field.
Ctl+G – Cut number mode toggle.
Ctrl+Alt+G – to stack additional callsigns in all modes. Same as the macro {STACKANOTHER}
Ctrl+Alt+M – Toggle between Run/Mult (Multi-1) or Run1/Run2 (Multi-2)
Find the first letter in the call
Find the last number after the first letter
Find the Nth letter after step 2
W4WYP would start sending at Y
S57AD would start sending at D
KH6/WA4WYP would start sending at Y (using the “/” rule as well)
WA4WYP/4 would start at Y (/4 will not be looked at)
WYP, WWYP and WAWYP do not meet the criteria for autosend to begin.
Prefixes like KH6/ are ignored and do not themselves trigger the autosend threshold.
Space Bar – Moves cursor to the last position the cursor was in prior to leaving the Callsign or Exchange fields.
Ctrl+Space Bar – When the cursor is in the callsign box, pressing Ctrl+Spacebar will cycle the selection among the three part of the callsign – alphanumeric prefix, number, and alphabetic suffix. This makes correcting errors in the callsign easier by allowing you to focus on the part of the callsign that needs correcting.
Tab – Move to the next field.
Shift+Tab – Move to the previous field.
Home – Moves cursor to beginning of the field it’s in.
End – Moves cursor to end of the field it’s in.
Question mark (?) – Sends a ?, and will cause the ? to be highlighted when you reenter the field . E.g. N?MM will send what is typed, but automatically highlight the ? so you can replace it. A double ?, as in DL?K?A will highlight all text in between and including the ? marks. The first keystroke entered will replace all three characters.
Left/Right Arrow – Moves cursor to left or right one position within the field it’s in.
Backspace – Delete character to the left.
Delete – Delete character to the right.
Shift+Home – Will highlight from the cursor insertion point to the home (beginning) of the textbox.
Shift+End – Will highlight from the cursor insertion point to the end of the textbox.
Shift+arrow key – Will highlight as you press the keys. When you type the first character, it will delete the highlighted character.
Ctrl+C/Ctrl+Insert – Copy to clipboard
Ctrl+V/Shift+Insert – Paste from clipboard

There are two sets of messages stored for F1 through F12, one for Running mode and one for Search and Pounce mode. However, you can send the message from the opposite mode by pressing Shift+Fx. The assignments below apply to both modes.

Below is a table of the function keys with their associated default messages. Note that the CQ key always switches the program to Running mode regardless of which mode it was in at the time. All of the keys named in the table are used by ESM. The His Call key, Exchange key and End of QSO key are called up by logging key shortcuts (Insert or ; key and’ key) regardless of whether the Enter Sends Messages (ESM) feature is used or not. The function keys can be remapped to others on the Function Keys tab in the Configurer, but be very careful in doing so, because if you do, you may disrupt the functioning of the Enter Sends Messages (ESM) feature.Default Function Keys

Esc – Stop sending CW or wav. file.
Ctrl+R – Set CQ repeat time in seconds or milliseconds (Example: 1.8 or 1800)
Alt+R – Toggles repeat mode. Hit Esc or begin entering a callsign to stop repeat temporarily
Shift+Fx – Sends the contents of the function key definition for the opposite mode. If you are in Run mode and press Shift+Fx, the program sends S&P Fx. The reverse is also true.
Ctrl+Shift+Fx – Record SSB message for the selected function key. Pressing Ctrl+Shift+Fx again stops the recording. Fx can be F1 to F12 in either the Run or S&P lists of function key definitions. Make sure that the program is in the correct mode (either Run or S&P), and that you have filled in filenames in rows Filenames must be entered in at least the first 12 function key slots (right-click on the message buttons in the Entry window to edit); if names are only in the first 12, then the program will play those messages when the corresponding function keys are pressed, regardless of whether you are in Run or S&P mode.
Ctrl+Alt+Fx – Record external DVK memories 1 to 4, only on the W9XT card or other DVKs that emulate it
PgUp/PgDn – Adjust CW speed Up/Down active radio using Primary CW Speed Step (Other tab in Configurer).
Shift+PgUp/PgDn – Adjust CW speed Up/Down active radio/VFO using Secondary CW Speed Step (Other tab in Configurer) in SO2R/SO2V mode.
Alt+PgUp/PgDn – Adjust CW speed Up/Down inactive radio/VFO using Primary CW Speed Step (Other tab in Configurer) in SO2R/SO2V mode. Note: The active radio is the Entry window with the red dot.
Pressing Ctrl+K or Enter within the CW window closes the CW window and any remaining characters in the buffer will be sent
Pressing Escape closes the CW window and stops sending immediately. No remaining characters in the buffer will be sent
Ctrl+Alt+R – Toggle CW Reverse/No Reverse.
Ctrl+M – Toggle ‘Enter Sends Message’ mode
Alt+Enter – Log without sending anything
Ctrl+Alt+Enter – Log even if exchange is invalid or missing

Note: ESM is affected by two options in the Configurer under the Function Keys tab:

the “ESM sends your call once in S&P, then ready to copy received exchange” check box (sometimes called the “Big Gun” option)
the “Work dupes when running” check box (recommended)

ESM Mode Enter Key Actions

Alt+P – Spot the callsign of the last station logged or the one currently in the callsign textbox in the format DX CALL Frequency, without comment unless one has been specified on the Spot Comment tab of the Telnet window.
Ctrl+P – Spot the callsign of the last station logged or the one currently in the callsign textbox. You will be prompted for a comment. Hit ESC,click “Cancel” or click the red X to exit the comment window without spotting. If you do not enter a comment, and one has been specified on the Spot Comment tab, it will be sent when you click OK. If you specify a comment, it will be sent along with the one specified on the Spot Comment tab.
Left-click – Tune the active radio to the frequency of the spot.
Shift+Left-click – Tune the inactive radio to the frequency of the spot.
SH/DX – Entered in Entry window Callsign field will be passed through to active Packet window for processing.
Left-click – Mostly tunes the active radio to the frequency of the spot. Behavior depends on SO1V, SO2V or SO2R and on options in the right-click menu in the Available window.
Shift+Left-click – Mostly tunes the inactive radio to the frequency of the spot. Behavior depends on SO1V, SO2V or SO2R and on Available window right-click options.
Double click – Go to the frequency with the active VFO.
Alt+A – Starting with the top row of the window’s lower pane, grabs the callsign there and transfers it to the call-frame of the entry window. Repeating steps down through the spots one at a time and transfers the next one to the call-frame. Color of the transferred spot changes to black.
Shift+Alt+A – Same, except that it starts with the current row, and repeated keypresses step up through the spots.
Ctrl+Enter – Send next ESM state on alternate radio (assuming ESM turned on).
Ctrl+F1 to F12 – Send Fn message on alternate radio.
Ctrl+Left Arrow – In SO2R move both Transmit and Receive/Keyboard focus to left radio, or in SO2V move both TX and RX/Keyboard focus to VFO A.
Ctrl+Right Arrow – In SO2R move both Transmit and Receive/Keyboard focus to right radio, or in SO2V move both TX and RX/Keyboard focus to VFO B.
Pause – Move both TX and RX Keyboard focus to other radio (or other VFO in SO2V). If TX and RX focus are split when you hit pause, TX focus will move to where the RX focus is.
Ctrl+B – Dueling CQ’s will send CQ (without delay) alternately on each radio. If Dueling CQ’s is turned on, both radios become run radios. Dueling SSB and CW CQ’s are supported too.
Grave accent, backquote, or unshifted tilde key (~) Toggle STEREO mode on/off, or toggle Auto/PTT modes with modified DXD . Notes: On US keyboards, the key we are talking about is the key just to the left of the number 1 key.
Ctrl+I – Toggle SO2R Mode (Soundcard). Toggle through the SO2R modes supported by the program. Only operative in ‘$5SO2R’ when N1MM logger controls the audio, not when using an external SO2R controller.
THIS IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR HARDWARE LOCKOUT!!
Ctrl+Shift+K – FocusOther, Another method of automated focus control. Forces entry focus to non-transmitting radio, with entry focus returning to the transmitting radio as soon as it reverts to receive. Disabled in SO1V mode.
Ctrl+Shift+L – Toggle CTRLFx Macro. This macro allows the user to send on the other radio (RTTY and CW only).
Alt+T – Toggle TX – RX
Alt+G – Grab callsign
Ctrl+K – Toggle TX/RX, and displays the CW/Digital Keyboard window to send manual information using the keyboard
Ctrl+Arrows – Swaps from one active DI to the other DI. DI1 will follow entry window 1. DI2 will follow entry window 2
Esc – Stop sending
The results will be shown in the Check window.
When no grids are found in the call history there is nothing to toggle.
Alt+J – Turn rotor to bearing for the callsign in the Entry window or to the callsign in the callframe (when callsign field is empty).
Alt+L – Turn rotator to long path bearing for the callsign in the Entry window.
Ctrl+Alt+J – Stop turning the rotator when turning and no bearing in callsign field in Entry window.
Ctrl+Tab – Toggles between the Entry window and Packet window.
Ctrl+K – Display the CW/Digital Keyboard window to send manual information using the keyboard.
Ctrl+L – Display the Log window (toggles between open and minimized).
Ctrl+D – to delete a row in the table or use the right click menu
Scroll Lock – the Scroll Lock key selects the current row for editing
If Ctrl+Z is pressed before the QSO with the station has been logged, logs the QSO
Enter – logs the next QTC (receiving), or sends the next QTC in the batch (sending)
F3 (End of QSO Key) – sends the TU message and exits QTC mode
Alt+W – wipes the current row
Esc – terminates sending (CW or RTTY), or if the program is not currently sending, exists the QTC window (same as the Cancel button)
Alt+Enter, Keypad + (plus) key (sending QTCs only) – re-sends the last sent string
Alt+Enter, Alt+Tab, Alt+Space (receiving QTCs only) – force-logs the current QTC; overrides error-checking
Used, for example, when the number in the header was copied incorrectly and fewer QTCs are received than expected
As above, when more QTCs are received than expected
1, 2, 3 (sending QTCs only) – if pressed while the Agn button is highlighted, resends the time( 1 ), call( 2 ) or serial number( 3 ) from the previous QTC
Shift+1, Shift+2, Shift+3 (receiving QTCs only) – asks for a repeat of the time( 1 ), call( 2 ) or serial number( 3 )

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Customize keyboard shortcuts

You can customize keyboard shortcuts (or shortcut keys) by assigning them to a command, macro, font, style, or frequently used symbol. You can also remove keyboard shortcuts. You can assign or remove keyboard shortcuts by using a mouse or just the keyboard.

Use a mouse to assign or remove a keyboard shortcut

Go to File > Options > Customize Ribbon .

At the bottom of the Customize the Ribbon and keyboard shortcuts pane, select Customize .

The Customize button in the Customize the Ribbon and keyboard shortcuts pane

In the Save changes in box, select the current document name or template that you want to save the keyboard shortcut changes in.

In the Categories box, select the category that contains the command or other item that you want to assign a keyboard shortcut to or remove a keyboard shortcut from.

In the Commands box, select the name of the command or other item that you want to assign a keyboard shortcut to or remove a keyboard shortcut from.

Any keyboard shortcuts that are currently assigned to that command or other item appear in the Current keys box, or below the box with the label Currently assigned to .

To assign a keyboard shortcut do the following:

Begin keyboard shortcuts with CTRL or a function key.

In the Press new shortcut key box, press the combination of keys that you want to assign. For example, press CTRL plus the key that you want to use.

Look at Current keys (or Currently assigned to ) to see whether the combination of keys is already assigned to a command or other item. If the combination is already assigned, type a different combination.

Creating a new keyboard shortcut in the Customize Keyboard dialog box

Important: Reassigning a combination of keys means that you can no longer use the combination for its original purpose. For example, pressing CTRL+B changes selected text to bold. If you reassign CTRL+B to a new command or other item, you will not be able to make text bold by pressing CTRL+B unless you restore the keyboard shortcut assignments to their original settings by selecting Reset All at the bottom of the Customize Keyboard dialog box.

Select Assign .

Note: If you use a programmable keyboard, the key combination CTRL+ALT+F8 might already be reserved for initiating keyboard programming.

Remove a keyboard shortcut

In the Current keys box, select the keyboard shortcut that you want to remove.

Select Remove .

Use just the keyboard to assign or remove a keyboard shortcut

Press ALT+F, T to open the Word Options dialog box.

Press DOWN ARROW to select Customize Ribbon .

Press the TAB key repeatedly until Customize is selected at the bottom of the dialog box, and then press ENTER.

In the Categories box, press DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW to select the category that contains the command or other item that you want to assign a keyboard shortcut to or remove a keyboard shortcut from.

Press the TAB key to move to the Commands box.

Press DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW to select the name of the command or other item that you want to assign a keyboard shortcut to or remove a keyboard shortcut from.

Any keyboard shortcuts that are currently assigned to that command or item appear in the Current keys box, or below the box with the label Currently assigned to .

Press the TAB key repeatedly until the cursor is in the Press new shortcut key box.

Press the combination of keys that you want to assign. For example, press CTRL plus the key that you want to use.

Press the TAB key repeatedly until the Save changes in box is selected.

Press DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW to highlight the current document name or template in which you want to save the keyboard shortcut changes, and then press ENTER.

Press the TAB key repeatedly until Assign is selected, and then press ENTER.

To remove a keyboard shortcut

Press the SHIFT+TAB key repeatedly until the cursor is in the Current keys box.

Press DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW to select the keyboard shortcut that you want to remove.

Press the TAB key repeatedly until Remove is selected, and then press ENTER.

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COMMENTS

Customize keyboard shortcuts
Use a mouse to assign or remove a keyboard shortcut. Go to File > Options > Customize Ribbon. At the bottom of the Customize the Ribbon and keyboard shortcuts pane, select Customize. In the Save changes in box, select the current document name or template that you want to save the keyboard shortcut changes in.
How do I reassign hot keys for my keyboard?
Download and install the Microsoft Mouse and Keyboard Center. Connect the keyboard that you want to configure. Select the Start button, and then select Microsoft Mouse and Keyboard Center. From the displayed list of key names, select the key that you want to reassign. In the command list of the key that you want to reassign, select a command.
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How to list all assigned Shortcut Keys for Shortcuts in Windows 11/10
A shortcut is a link to an item (such as a file, folder, or app) on your PC. You can create and assign a keyboard shortcut to open your favorite Website, to open a shortcut on your desktop ...
How to Remap Any Key or Shortcut on Windows 11
Launch PowerToys and click on "Keyboard Manager" on the left-hand side. Ensure that "Enable Keyboard Manager" is toggled to the "On" position --- it should be by default. There are two choices: "Remap a Key" and "Remap a Shortcut." The names mostly speak for themselves. "Remap a Key" lets you map a key to a different key, a key to a shortcut ...
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Customize keyboard shortcuts
Use a mouse to assign or remove a keyboard shortcut. Go to File > Options > Customize Ribbon. At the bottom of the Customize the Ribbon and keyboard shortcuts pane, select Customize. In the Save changes in box, select the current document name or template that you want to save the keyboard shortcut changes in.
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How to Create Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows 10

Method 1: Create a Desktop Shortcut

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Method 2: Use the Start Menu

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How to change keyboard shortcuts in Windows 11

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1. Open PowerToys and enable Keyboard Manager

2. Select Remap a shortcut

3. Click the + button

4. Select your Physical Shortcut

5. Choose your Mapped To keys

6. (Optional) Select an app to use the new shortcut

7. Click OK when done

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Frequently asked questions

Can I use Keyboard Manager at my log-in screen?

Do I have to restart my computer or PowerToys for the remapping to take effect?

Where are the Mac/Linux profiles?

Will this work on video games?

Will remapping work if I change my input language?

Can I have different key mappings across multiple keyboards?

I see keys listed in the drop down menus that don't work. Why is that?

Troubleshooting

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