capstone project reports

Theses and Capstone Projects: Writing your thesis or capstone project report

When a final project includes a written document of some sort, students are expected to follow the appropriate MSOE style guide. There are separate style guides for undergraduate and graduate work.

The applicable style guide can be found here:

• MSOE Graduate Student Documentation and Style Guide For Technical Documents
• MSOE Undergraduate Documentation and Style Guide

Thesis and Capstone Reports

MSOE librarians work closely with graduate students and their advisers during the thesis and capstone report phase of their education. The following resources, documents and information will help you complete your final project.

Graduate Thesis and Capstone Report Format Checks

In compliance with Graduate Programs Council (GPC) Policy 4.3.009, the library is responsible for verifying that all MSOE Graduate Thesis and Capstone Report documents comply with MSOE’s format requirements.

Graduate Thesis and Capstone Report Completion

• Graduate Thesis and Capstone Document Process This document walks through the process of completing a masters thesis or capstone document, including the library publication approval check and other considerations.
• Graduate Thesis and Capstone Publication Approval Form Complete this form and submit it to the library along with the thesis or capstone project to be reviewed.
• MSOE Electronic Thesis and Capstone Project Report Permission Form Use this Form to grant MSOE permission to electronically publish a graduate degree thesis or a graduate degree capstone project report or other independent graduate degree final report or essay.
• Library “Non-Circulation Status” Request Form Complete this from to request access restrictions for a thesis or capstone report.

Personal Thesis/Capstone Bindery Request

The library offers a bindery service for graduate students interested in having copies of their thesis or capstone report bound in a durable, sturdy, and attractive hardcover binding. Students are charged a fee per volume for the service. To request binding of a thesis or capstone report, please send an email to [email protected] .

Electronic Publications at MSOE

• Electronic Publications at MSOE A selection of theses and final capstone project reports completed by graduate students at MSOE that have been approved for electronic dissemination.

MSOE electronic publication provides the broadest possible method of disseminating your work. With electronic publication, the full text of your electronic thesis, capstone project report, or final independent report or essay is freely accessible world-wide on the Internet. Electronic publication of your document typically results in more recognition of your research work, wider dissemination of scholarly information, and acceleration of research.

The MSOE Library invites MSOE graduate students who have completed an approved master's thesis, capstone project report, or other independent final report or essay to submit their work to the MSOE Institutional Repository. In order to participate, graduate students must complete and submit a Permission Form in order to enable MSOE to electronically publish their work.

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ME 492: Conceptual Design Project

Guide to writing reports for capstone.

Due to their large scope and duration, Capstone projects have specialized documentation requirements. This web page provides guidance on how to document your Capstone project.

General Advice

The primary objective of an engineering report is to transmit technical information to individuals having training comparable to that of the author. The information in the report should be presented as clearly and concisely as possible. Imagine that you are writing a report that you would want to read. Imagine that you will have to make an important decision based on the information in the report.

The technical content in the report will not be efficiently transmitted if the report is disorganized or poorly written. Conversely, regardless of how well the prose is written, the report needs to be built upon sound engineering and provide concrete evidence to support the conclusions.

Writing well takes effort. Writing well takes practice. Writing well requires learning how to edit and revise your own writing. Therefore, it is wise to practice writing regularly. For a project like Capstone that spans several months, it is wise to continuously document your work as opposed to waiting until an approaching deadline. Get in the habit of writing small reports for yourself that document tasks as they are completed. Then, when the big report is due you will have prior work that you can edit and combine, instead of having to create a large first draft from scratch.

Capstone Reports

A Capstone project report is more complicated than a lab report or technical research paper. Capstone project documentation is expansive and contains many different file formats. Capstone project documentation also evolves as the team's knowledge of the design problem and its solution evolves.

Complex Documentation Formats

A major complication with Capstone reports is the scope and variety of documentation required to make a design transferable: CAD files, computer programs for control systems, assembly instructions, bill of materials, etc. Including all this information in a single, written report would make the document unwieldy and, therefore, defeat the purpose of efficiently conveying information to the client and other engineering teams. Furthermore, the digital CAD files and computer programs need to be made available in a format that engineers can easily reuse in continued development of the design.

Note that when we refer to a "written report" we mean a document that can be printed on letter-size paper.

To manage the scope and variety of information necessary to document a design, student teams create a digital archive to store information in different formats. At the end of the project, the digital archive is submitted on a USB (flash) drive. The written report includes an index to the material in the digital archive. Only select information from the archive, e.g. images from CAD files, a bill of materials, and diagrams of system components, are included in the written report.

Evolving Project Information

Another complication with Capstone documentation is that the information about the design changes as the design evolves. In some cases, the new documentation reaches different conclusions than the earlier documentation. There are two solutions to this complication. First, if later information builds upon and is consistent with earlier information, simply refer to the earlier documentation without necessarily using the same level of detail. For example, a summary of key client requirements would be included in the final report, and the reader would be referred to the details documented in an earlier report.

A second complication with evolving information is when the team has knowledge at a later stage that requires revision of work completed at an earlier stage. The best approach in this situation is to keep the early report in the digital archive and release an updated version. In subsequent reports, the team refers to most recent report.

General Report Writing Guidance

During class meeting 6, we'll have a presentation by William Nesbit on "Writing for Clarity". Mr. Nesbit is a writer, editor, and communications trainer with over 40-years of experience working with engineering companies, research organizations, corporations, and government agencies across the country.

Mr. Nesbit recommends these writing resources

• The Elements of Style by William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White
• A Writer's Reference by Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers
• thesaurus.com
• The Owl ( On-line Writing Lab ) at Purdue University

The following sections provide general guidance for writing technical documentation. This guidance also applies to Capstone reports.

Purdue's OWL

The Purdue Online Writing Lab is an outstanding source of information on writing. If you have a question about the structure of documents, grammar, or citation of references, search OWL first. In particular, consider the following entry points to the OWL site.

• Writing in Engineering
• Professional, Technical Writing
• Research and Citation

Citation of Information not Created by the Team

All work of others – technical reports, images, data, equations, performance specifications, laboratory procedures, design documents – must be properly attributed to the source. The internet is an abundant source of information, and web browsers make it easy to copy text and images. Just because it is technically easy to copy from internet sources, do not use information from the internet without attribution .

For guidance on citations, refer to web sites by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers , the American Physical Society , the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers , and the University of Pittsburgh Library.

• ASME Guide to references
• APS Example References
• IEEE Style Manual
• Pitt library guides on How to Reference Sources

Ethical and Professional Conduct

Appropriate citation of sources is an ethical responsibility of being an engineer. Refer to ASME's Ethical Standards for Authors . The basic ideas are to give credit where it is due, and not claim the work of others as your own.

In addition to the ethical obligation to cite prior work, engineers are responsible for the truthful and accurate reporting of results of analysis and experimentation. In its publication, On Being a Scientist , the National Academy of Engineering cite the U.S. Office of Science and Technology policy on behaviors that constitute research misconduct:

Fabrication is the "making up of data or results" Falsification is "manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately" represented in the research record." Plagiarism is "the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit"

All of these behaviors are to be avoided.

Tables and Figures

All tables and figures should have a number and caption. Captions for tables go above the table, as shown in Table 1, below. Captions for figures go below the figure, as shown in Figure 1, below

Software packages that create plots, e.g. Excel, R, MATLAB, provide the option of creating a plot title that is usually displayed above the plot axes. The plot title is not a caption . For a single plot frame, the title supplied by the software is usually redundant. When the figure is a composite of two or more plots, titles for individual plots are helpful.

The hydrostatic equation, p = \rho g h , shows that the fluid pressure increases linearly with depth, h , and does not depend on the volume of fluid.

From the formula for moment of inertia of a rectangular cross section, I = \frac{1}{12}bh^3 , the beam stiffness is significantly more influenced by changes to the beam depth, h , than to changes to its width, b .

In both of the preceding examples, the in-line equation adds precision and clarity to the sentence. It would be less efficient and more clumsy to attempt conveying the same information in words only.

A displayed equation occupies a separate line in the document. For example, using the displayed equation format, the Bernoulli Equation is

Displayed equations should be centered and have a right-justified, numerical label in parenthesis. Do not label equations with "Equation" or other text, as illustrated in Figure 2.

Displayed equations are generally preferred over in-line equations, especially when documenting a calculation procedure or explaining analytical or experimental results. The use of equation numbers makes it easy to unambiguously refer to an equation. A displayed equation is also easier to find when scanning a document.

Institute of Medicine. 2009. On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research : Third Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12192 , p. 15

PDF version

Document updated 2018-01-21.

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Capstone Project Report – Basic Information, Expert Help & Tips

What is capstone report – some essentials to know.

Working on comprehensive tasks like a capstone doesn’t end in delivering it to the institution officials. It continues with several defense steps, including creating some cover papers like a capstone report. This document summarizes the research or project work made by an individual or a group of students during their academic program. This task is designed to unleash students’ critical thinking, creating them to solve challenging tasks and demonstrate several skills. Regarding of what is capstone report, it’s an opportunity for students to showcase these abilities:

• Research skills.
• Teamwork (if it’s a team project).
• Planning and goal setting.
• Self-sufficiency.

Project report writing may seem challenging, but only if you don’t know how to create it or where to seek expert help with capstone project . Moreover, when students face such a paper for the first time, they may make common mistakes, which is not good for the final mark. However, once there’s an understanding of the task and how to write it, it will no longer be time-consuming.

A Bit About Relation With Capstone Issues

Students sometimes work on interdisciplinary capstones as they should conduct research across multiple disciplines. Moreover, there’s a tendency for capstone report papers to be connected to community issues, which are also mentioned in the reports. Once your assignment is associated with the vital problem, you can explain how the research affected it and what outcome you have achieved. It will raise the writing’s value.

Why Do You Need a Capstone Final Report?

Saying that a final report is essential to the capstone development may not be enough. Students may want to understand the real reason for preparing such writing. There are several reasons why individuals or groups need to prepare a capstone project final report.

• First, it’s a documentation of a project that outlines the work’s objectives, methodology, conclusions, and other aspects.
• Second, it’s evaluation. As faculty members read project report writing, they can assess the quality and rigor of the project work.
• Third, it’s the communication of results. A report is a document that communicates the project’s development to a broader audience. Even if the topic is outside your field of interest, a well-composed report allows you to understand what the research was about and what results were achieved.
• Finally, capstone final report writing is a step of professional development as students upgrade their writing and communication skills. They learn how to present their projects in a clear and concise way, developing professional abilities.

Capstone Project Format Information to Notice

There are no strict structure requirements or stable final report format. It may vary depending on the chosen program’s requirements. Still, exploring the capstone report example , you may find some common points to consider when working on the assignment. Let’s quickly review them.

Add the title of your project, your name, and name of the team members (if it’s a collective project), and the submission date. Don’t forget to consider the capstone project report format to get the title page correct.

• Executive summary

A brief paper overview where the research problem is described. It also should have information about the employed methodology, main findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

• Literature review

In this part, mention the relevant literature summary and related research. It’s important to highlight the key theories, concepts, and findings related to the chosen problem or research question. The literature review is added regardless of the capstone project format.

• Results presentation

In the final capstone project report, it’s essential to present what you have found during the research. You can use several formats to showcase data (tables, graphics, charts, etc.).

• References & applications

Mentioning the sources you use while working on the capstone is essential. Adding them to the writing is not enough; you should also use the proper citation style. If additional materials are used in the report, consider adding them.

Writing a Capstone Report – Important Things to Notice

There are a few things that are still worth attention. They are not necessary, but once they are clarified, the writing process becomes less daunting.

• Make a plan

Before getting started with writing a capstone report, ensure you understand what you want to add to it and how to distribute the information through the text. Divide the text into paragraphs to raise the readability and make it easier to perceive information.

The project report writing should be concise and created with simple language. Stay away from jargon and technical terms. If something looks complicated, consider explaining everything.

• Search for relevant details

To make the final report example look supremely confident, consider adding the research details and revealing information about specific components. You can mention methodology, findings, intermediate results, and conclusions. However, don’t go far away from the capstone topic. Mention the study’s time frame.

• Edit and proofread the final version

Once the writing is finished, the work is not completed yet. To ensure the capstone project report is done right, take time to edit the text and eliminate all the issues. Leave the assignment for some time, then come back and edit it. It’s also good to read the text aloud as you will hear the parts that should be changed.

The final part to mention in this paragraph is size. According to the project report format, the final version should have at least eight pages, but at most ten pages, including tables or graphical illustrations.

Find and Explore a Good Final Report Example

For several reasons, having some ready-made samples is essential while writing a document yourself. First, you see how other people handle their papers, how they form different structural elements, what they put into a final report example, etc. With these notes, you can avoid common mistakes and save time preparing your report.

Order Capstone Report From Professional Writers

Besides writing and research skills, creating a report also requires time. Most students need help with this due to numerous activities and tasks outside of studying. So, the opportunity to buy capstone project report or hire specialists to help with such papers may be the best solution for them.

Experienced authors have created hundreds of various academic papers on different topics for years and can provide a high-quality capstone report matching your requirements and the institution’s standards. Moreover, you can also order an edit option to revise your own drafts and make them look great.

Feel free to take professional assistance and reach an outstanding report with no hassles!

You have an opportunity to get your capstone project done week by week by the same writer according to the timeline.

We write your capstone project from the ground up and double-check it with plagiarism detection software.

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Capstone Report

Capstone Reports must be submitted and approved by your advisor by the last day of classes for the semester/term in which you need a grade for the capstone.

Physics 492 Course Objective

Applied Physics students will be guided in a mentored learning environment to conduct and disseminate original research or other appropriate creative work.  This culminating undergraduate experience is designed to help a student launch a career in his/her area of interest and is best begun during or prior to the summer before graduation.

Course Registration

Two credits of research credit are required of all B.S. Physics (498R), Physics/Astronomy (498R), and Applied Physics (492R or 498R) majors. 498R includes the preparation of a written Senior Thesis, while 492R includes the preparation of written Capstone Project Report. This syllabus applies specifically to 492R. Some students register for 492R credit when they begin their research, while others wait until the semester in which they complete their final written report.  If the final project report is not completed during the term of registration, you will receive a standard T grade, which is later converted to a letter grade when the report has been completed.  Note that you can get credit for additional research under Physics 497R even before you begin your formal thesis or capstone work.

Capstone (Course) Coordinator

The "Capstone Coordinator" may be found on Advising .

Getting Started

First, assess your interests, talents, and future opportunities. Then explore the research opportunities available and search for a good match. This is usually an iterative process, and you are encouraged to explore many opportunities in parallel. Potential research mentors/advisors can be very helpful here, as can the Capstone Coordinator. You may do research within the Physics & Astronomy Department for a capstone, research with a BYU faculty member outside of the department, research with a faculty member at a different university, or a research project at a company or laboratory (kind in mind that internships don't always allow you to do an actual research project). You should talk to the Capstone Coordinator or a Physics & Astronomy faculty member about your ideas and plans to make sure your project idea will be deemed sufficient.

Project Proposal

Before registering for credit, you must have a research project proposal (12 pt font, single-spaced, roughly two pages) approved by the Capstone Coordinator. In some cases, revisions will be required before a project is approved. The proposal must contain the following information:

• Objectives — a concise paragraph describing what you plan to accomplish.
• Background — a few paragraphs that put your project in context. What is the important question, problem, issue, or need, and why is it important? What has already been done or is currently being done by others? How will your contribution fit together with and contribute to previous efforts? A few literature citations may be appropriate.
• Strategy — several paragraphs that describe what you plan to accomplish in detail and how you plan to do it. Include a brief timeline.
• Resources — a paragraph that describes any resources that are essential to your project and how you plan to obtain or gain access to them. These may include the guidance of your mentor/advisor, laboratory equipment and supplies, funding for travel, computer access, etc. Be sure to identify your advisor and their connection to the project. Depending on the situation, your advisor may plan to make some resources available to you.

Research Topic

Your project should combine skills and knowledge relevant to your area of emphasis to explore a solution to a problem, contribute to research in basic or applied science, or propose, invent or evaluate a new product or service. It may be based on research and development performed in collaboration with students or faculty. The research can be carried in cooperation with a research group within the Physics and Astronomy. The project can also be based in other departments, at other universities, in an industrial/profession setting, at a National Laboratory, or at some other type of research organization. In some cases, the project can be primarily self-directed. The project can be experimental, theoretical, computational or informational. If you wish to do a physics project in an area that does not use your selected emphasis, you should probably change your emphasis. Project topics must be approved in advance by the Capstone Coordinator as part of the Proposal process.

Advisor/Mentor

You must find a research advisor/mentor for your research project. This individual who can be a faculty member at BYU or an outside professional, will guide you in the development and execution of your project. Depending on your needs and interests, your mentor may work closely with you, or they may merely advise you. It is important that your mentor/advisor be both able and willing to assist you. They will also be called upon by the department to evaluate the quality and quantity of your effort. Furthermore, letters written by research advisors are generally much more effective than those written by teachers of classes. Your research advisor will know you better than a teacher. And consequently, potential schools and employers will weight their comments more heavily.

A potential advisor should be willing to discuss ideas with you and let you casually explore them for a time without a commitment to pursue them. However, most research advisors will only be willing invest significant time and effort after you are sure that you have looked around and settled on a project that you are committed to pursuing. Respect the valuable time and resources of potential advisors, while also remembering that you owe it to yourself to choose the project that best suits you.

Note that if you have a research advisor that is outside of our department, you will still have an academic advisor assigned within our department. You should find a faculty member whose research is most closely aligned with your project and who will approve your capstone report and recommend a grade when you submit the completed report. Once you find a department faculty member, you should select them as your "research advisor" in the advisement system, see Choose an Advisor .

Time/Effort

At a minimum, your project will represent work equivalent to the credit that you receive (e.g. 45 hours per credit hour). However, it may be unrealistic to expect to complete a high-quality capstone project report with a minimum passing effort. Most students become deeply involved in the creative aspects of their research projects and devote more than the minimum effort, often continuing their research after the course requirements have been completed. This depends on you, your advisor, and the project you choose. The research and writing often take a few hundred hours. Be sure to discuss these matters in depth with your advisor to make sure you both have realistic expectations about your project.

Duplicate credit

Under some circumstances, it is possible to receive credit for more than one course for your research project. For example, an acceptable Honors Thesis may also satisfy the Senior Thesis and Capstone Project requirements if the policies listed here are adhered to carefully. If you wish to get credit for more than one course for your research project, be sure to get explicit advanced approval from both coordinators instructors (coordinators).

Oral Presentation

A short oral presentation of your completed research project is strongly encouraged. For students graduating in April this requirement is most naturally satisfied by giving a 10-minute talk at the annual College Spring Research Conference, usually held in March. Weekly research group meetings are also an ideal opportunity. Students can also arrange other times/locations with their advisor or Capstone Coordinator.

Final Capstone Project Report

More than anything else, effective communication (sometimes referred to as persuasion) skills will dictate your future career opportunities. Recognizing this fact, your final letter grade will be weighted heavily on the quality and substance of your written final Capstone Project Report. A Capstone Project Report need not be as lengthy as formal thesis, though excellent technical writing will still be expected. While there is no specific length requirement, 15 pages of 12 pt double-spaced text is typical, not including any tables, figures, and appendices needed. Your report should include the following components.

• Title page — Name, title, Physics 492R Capstone Project Report, date, advisor.
• Abstract — This paragraph serves as a concise description of your principle results or accomplishments.
• Copyright page.
• Introduction section — Includes background (the things the reader must know to understand your work), motivation (why is your research problem important?) and context (what has already been done or is currently being done by others, and how will your contribution fit together with and contribute to previous efforts?)
• Methods section — This section allows you to place the most technical details of your work together in one place, so that they can be readily reviewed by experts in your field and so that they do not distract the reader in later sections.
• Results and Discussion section — Show and explain your data and observations, and then interpret them. The discussion gives meaning to the data, explains their significance, and relates them to a broader context. Some prefer to separate the results and discussion sections while some prefer to integrate them. In any case, be sure that the reader can readily differentiate your results from their interpretation.
• Conclusions section — Summarize the main conclusions of your work and their significance, and possibly suggest future research directions.
• References — Most bibliographic references to existing literature occur in the introduction, though the other sections may also need them. The format of the reference section, or bibliography, should be that preferred by your mentor/advisor. When unsure, use the AIP (American Institute of Physics) guidelines used by most physics journals.
• Acknowledgements — advisor, collaborators, others.

Figures and tables should have self-contained captions (axis labels, clearly-defined units, all features and annotations identified) and should be integrated into the body of the report. Appendices may be added as needed for extensive tables, program code, etc. We strongly recommend that you complete a literature search and write your introduction in the early stages of your research rather than waiting until the end. This process will generally accelerate your understanding, focus and progress. You are encouraged to seek feedback from the Capstone Coordinator while preparing your Capstone Report. However, you should not submit your report to the Capstone Coordinator for final evaluation (through the Submit a Thesis/Capstone link) until you have reviewed it carefully with your mentor/advisor and seriously considered any feedback that they provide to you. We typically post high-quality Capstone Project Reports on the department website as examples of the excellent research that our students conduct. Before receiving a final grade, you should indicate to the Capstone Coordinator whether or not you are willing to have your report posted. We encourage you to discuss this decision with your mentor/advisor.

What is the deadline for submitting my capstone?

The deadline to submit your capstone report to the department website (through the Submit a Thesis/Capstone link) and have it approved by your advisor is the last day of classes of the semester/term you need the grade in (for graduation) . You need to give the coordinator enough time to review your document and submit a grade before the grade submission deadline.

You will initially receive a temporary T grade if your capstone report is not completed during the term in which you registered for credit. Note that T grades do not count towards graduation (or to your GPA)! A letter grade, determined by the Capstone Coordinator in consultation with your project advisor/mentor, will only be assigned after the capstone report is submitted in the Thesis/Capstone system and both the advisor and coordinator have reviewed it. A letter grade is required for graduation. The grading scale used to evaluate your capstone report is as follows:

• A-, A: The student has completed a research project and a report, both of the highest quality. The final report reflects on the advisor’s reputation. An A or A- grade indicates that the advisor would be proud to show this work to external reviewers.
• B-, B, B+: The student has completed a research project and a report, but the quality is close to average. (The completion of a report does not preclude the possibility of a lower grade if the quality of the research and/or writing is poor.)
• C-, C, C+: The student has completed a research project and a report, but the quality is below average. This range of grade is justified for students who, for example, participate in the Spring Research Conference and who produce meaningful (and reasonably extensive) technical notes to be passed on to other students who continue the work.
• D-, D, D+ The student has been involved in meaningful research, appropriate for the number of credit hours (i.e. 15 x 6 hrs = 90 hrs for 2 credits). However, the student has failed to produce a report. Or, the student has completed a report, but the quality is well below average.

Financial Support

The College is sometimes able to give financial support through research assistantships. Applications are filled out online at the college web site for undergraduates. Application deadlines usually come around in August for Fall semester, December for Winter semester and February for Spring/Summer. You may want to choose a faculty advisor and research topic early enough in your junior year (or before) to apply for this support. Note most research-related summer jobs, internships, and related opportunities are spoken for by March. January is the time to start looking seriously for summer research funding!

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Capstone Project: Definition, Types, Structure, and Examples

by  Antony W

January 2, 2024

If you're reading this, chances are that you're in your final year of school and the words "capstone project" have come up somewhere in your first or second semester.

You're probably looking for a quick score on the topic - what it's about, a project template, or even a sample. If so, you're in the right place.

Before we get into it, you' need to know that you're in the hands of consummate capstone project experts.

Help for Assessment is composed of scholars at all levels of academic achievement including Masters and Ph.D., all inspired and motivated to help students like you achieve their academic goals. The expertise and experience we have spans years. Even better, this combined academic expertise is placed at your disposal. If your capstone research project is already giving you goosebumps, we will do it for you from scratch including the project proposal, research, write up, and final review before submission.

Remember, you can trust Help for Assessment to complete your capstone project successfully and earn you top grades. All you have to do is order the service here on our service page.

 In the meantime, let us explore the definition of the capstone project, types of projects for students, and a sample capstone project.

What Is a Capstone Project? 

A capstone project in college is a final independent project undertaken in a program of study designed to assess the skills, knowledge, and expertise acquired by the student.

As the name suggests, it is the capstone or crowning achievement of academic life and the last class taken before graduation. It gives you the final credits required to pass the course, which is why every student must take the project.

Since it is designed to assess knowledge and skills gained in a particular discipline, capstone projects vary from school to school and discipline to discipline.

Such a project might involve something as simple as research on a topic, an evaluation of a new technique or method, development of a health program, research into a historical figure or event, or even composing a skit or theatre presentation.

No matter what kind of project you choose to undertake, the result is the same. You get to showcase your understanding of the coursework material learned and display your readiness to enter the professional world to start your career. It is a rewarding experience if done right, but can mess up your final year and possibly your graduation if you manage to mess it up.

Do you know that a successful capstone project also helps to land you lucrative jobs? That’s right, capstone projects are one of the ways potential employers find out just how learned, resourceful, and talented you are. Think of it as a kind of thesis.

Capstone projects are also called culminating projects, experience, senior exhibition, or other similar names. The project is usually self-directed, and most students find it a challenge to even come up with the right capstone project topic. 

Capstone Project Vs. Thesis

A capstone project and a thesis are both very similar in that they represent a final effort from the student just before graduation.

They are done in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course being undertaken. The comprehensive approach and assessment involved are very similar, and sometimes the structure and methodology might overlap.

Both also have to be reviewed and approved by the institution and will remain in the public domain after publishing.

However, there are some important differences.

• A thesis is purely academic while a capstone project focuses more on the practical preparation of the student for the real world/job market.
• A thesis is guided by a research question resulting in the addition of new knowledge to the field, while a capstone project is guided by the practical importance of the project to the field.
• A thesis involves academic research and analysis, while a capstone project can be anything including a dance or film.
• A thesis is expected to be original and authentic, while a capstone project will have more loose requirements. You can borrow another person’s capstone project ideas , so long as you demonstrate your own advancement in the field.
• A capstone project will usually only have a brief write-up or report, while a thesis generates a detailed, extensive writeup.
• The final presentation of a thesis, called a defense, is meant to prove and show that you have mastered the subject. You are supposed to be a mini-expert in the field. A capstone project presentation comes off as a kind of exhibition where you showcase your project without having to defend it.

Types of Capstone Projects

Capstone projects vary not just in the type of project, also in the level at which they are done.

There are projects for juniors and seniors in college as well as for postgraduate students.

Here are some examples of the forms of projects depending on the academic level.

• In-depth research projects.
• Developing the concept of a product, tool, or service.
• Expositions.
• Experiments.

Capstone projects can be conducted either individually or in a group.

However, the key thing is to make sure that the project proposal has been reviewed and approved by the instructor/panel/institution in charge before proceeding.

Senior Capstone Project

Senior projects are so called because they are done by high school students in their senior year.

Just like other projects, they represent a culmination of the coursework with an interdisciplinary application of knowledge and skills gained so far.

The project usually takes the better part of the final academic year and will have different parts to it, depending on the type of project chosen.

It will also require a presentation where the student(s) explain and describe the project to an audience, including their classmates.

Sample Capstone Project Outline

The write up for a project consists of several parts. However, even before starting the write-up, you need to do a few things:

• Come up with an idea for your project. What will be your subject matter, topic, or premise?
• Find sources for the project and review them beforehand to ensure that they will be of help to you.
• Come up with a step-by-step methodology for your project.

Using this information, you will then write a capstone project proposal for your project. It informs your instructor or review panel exactly what you intend to present so that they can approve or reject it.

Once approved, you can go on to the next stage. The final write-up has the following parts.

• A title page.
• Project outline.
• A description/abstract.
• Introduction
• Rationale/relevance/reason for doing the project.
• Objectives of the project.
• Procedures/methodology.
• Research and analysis.
• Evaluation of results and findings.
• Conclusion and future work/suggestions.
• Bibliography/works cited/reference list.

Note that the project is carried out in stages. Once approved, you will need to be submitting weekly or monthly status reports to your supervisor. After the project report is submitted, you will also have to make a presentation about the whole project.

This brief outline is only meant to be a rough guide. We have a much more detailed article detailing how you can do your capstone project, including a project template. 

Capstone Project Examples

Help for Assessment has extensive experience when it comes to capstone projects of all kinds.

Whether it’s a high school project, a college capstone, or a senior capstone project, you can trust us to carry it out successfully for you.

You can check out various project samples here . 

Get Help With Your Capstone Project

Capstone projects in every level of school are a make or break it deal. Given that they complete the graduation credits required, it makes sense to leave this important part of your coursework to experts.

We are proud to offer you a guide on how to write a capstone project here . If you need help, you can take advantage of our capstone project writing service at affordable, student-friendly rates with amazing discounts. 

Check it out here and make your order to experience excellence, peace of mind, and success thanks to our stellar services.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

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We are thankful to be welcome on these lands in friendship. The lands we are situated on are covered by the Williams Treaties and are the traditional territory of the Mississaugas, a branch of the greater Anishinaabeg Nation, including Algonquin, Ojibway, Odawa and Pottawatomi. These lands remain home to many Indigenous nations and peoples.

We acknowledge this land out of respect for the Indigenous nations who have cared for Turtle Island, also called North America, from before the arrival of settler peoples until this day. Most importantly, we acknowledge that the history of these lands has been tainted by poor treatment and a lack of friendship with the First Nations who call them home.

This history is something we are all affected by because we are all treaty people in Canada. We all have a shared history to reflect on, and each of us is affected by this history in different ways. Our past defines our present, but if we move forward as friends and allies, then it does not have to define our future.

Learn more about Indigenous Education and Cultural Services

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For more information on writing your thesis or capstone project using the imrad format, take time to watch this video from lund university:.

What are capstone and undergraduate thesis projects?

In capstone and thesis projects, you conduct research on a specific question in your subject area and complete a formal report. In these projects, you apply your previous undergraduate studies to a practical, hands-on project, often based on a "real-world" problem or question. You present your research findings in two ways. First, you write up your findings in a formal report. Second, you may be required to present your findings to your professors, classmates, higher academic groups or clients. The presentation may be a poster presentation, a talk about your research, or a presentation to a client and your advisor.  These expectations should be determined with your program advisor.

Who do I work with for these projects?

Thesis projects are normally conducted by individual students, under the supervision of a professor in the subject area.  This professor provides guidance and support as needed.  You will also have regular thesis meetings with an advisor in your faculty. Capstone projects may be undertaken by an individual student or with a self-selected group of six to eight peers.  The Capstone Project involves performing research and analysis on a key issue for a designated client.  In addition to the final formal report, you will submit progress reports to your capstone advisor.

How long should my project be?

The length of your project will depend on your faculty.  For example, thesis projects in the Faculty of Science can range between 20 and 50 pages, but a capstone project in the Faculty of Business and IT normally ranges between 10 and 15 pages and is no more than 40 pages.

When should I start thinking about my capstone or thesis project?

It is never too early to begin thinking about possible topics for your capstone or thesis; however, specific dates are provided by your individual faculty.

If you are unsure of important dates for registration, e-mail your academic advisor.

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7. Mapping Out your Capstone Project

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Explain how visual mapping can be used to organize knowledge and structure for your capstone project.
• Compare and contrast Logic Models and Concept Maps
• Explain how Problem Tree and Root Cause analyses can help you better understand identified problems, issues, or needs and develop methods for addressing them.
• Utilize a SWOT analysis for strategic planning of the capstone process.

This chapter focuses on visual mapping tools that can help you plan and implement your capstone project.  The purpose of Logic Models and Concept Mapping in relation to capstone projects are explained.  Problem Tree and Root Cause analyses are described in the context of identifying and planning for capstone project development.  Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis, as a strategic planning model for capstone development, is also discussed.

Introduction

Visual mapping, as a capstone planning tool,  is an excellent way to organize knowledge that can help you to structure, address,  and systematically approach your capstone topic.  A Logic Model is a graphic depiction, or road map, that presents the shared relationships among resources, activities, outputs, and outcomes/impacts of your capstone project’s activities.  The intended effect of a Logic Model is the “if-then” relationship among the project’s elements (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018).  Concept mapping is a useful tool that can be used to define your theoretical framework and to visually display how it is applied to your literature review (Grant & Osanloo, 2016).  Problem Tree analysis, also referred to as Situational analysis, can be used for project planning.  Problem Tree analysis can help you find solutions to an identified problem, issue, or need by mapping out the anatomy of the cause and effect (Luma Institute, 2021).  Root Cause analysis can be used to discover the root causes of a problem, issue, or need to identify appropriate solutions (Guavera, 2018).  Finally, a SWOT  Analysis is a dynamic planning model that can be used to plot out a future course for your capstone project by acting on strengths, while minimizing associated risks.  It is important for students to develop knowledge and skills with visual mapping models and techniques in order to enhance their capstone project planning and development.

Logic Models

Logic Models provide a visual representation of an entire program in a flow chart format. Logic Models are a systematic and visual way to present and share your understanding of the relationships among the resources you have compiled to conduct your capstone project, the activities planned for implementation, and the anticipated changes or results from project/program implementation.

Components of a Logic Model

Logic models can focus on any level of a program:  the entire organization, one of its component departments or programs, or just specific parts of a department or a program.  Although logic models differ widely in format and level of detail, the following key terms should be considered in its development (Refer to Table 7.1:  Key Terms Used in Logic Models)

Table 7.1:  Key Terms Used in Logic Models

Sources:  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2018, December 12). Framework step 2 checklist . Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/evaluation/steps/step2/index.htm; Doll, J. D. (2010). Program development and grant writing in Occupational therapy: Making the connection . Jones and Bartlett Publishers. (Refer to Appendix 7.A:  Sample Logic Model:  Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Program).

Concept Mapping

Concept mapping is a useful tool that can be used to define your theoretical framework and to visually display how it is applied to your capstone project’s literature review.  Basically, concept mapping is a process for representing and organizing ideas using pictures. The goal of a concept map is to simplify complex concepts using circles, boxes, and/or other shapes that are linked with arrows carrying explanatory legends that depict pictorial connections between ideas (Grant & Osonloo, 2016).

A concept map offers you an instrument to draw a plan for how you will approach your capstone project within a specific theoretical framework.  First, you should review literature and organize key issues of interest related to your topic.  These are the foundational concepts that support your chosen theory.  Next, arrange your ideas in a hierarchical, logical structure.  You can start with general ideas and funnel your thinking down to more specific, related topics and ideas.  Each idea should have a clear purpose and significance in relation to the aggregate topic.  Readers of your capstone project should begin to see a clear picture of your ideas by previewing the organization and identification of your key topics.  Visual arrows and connectors should provide insight into how concepts are aligned and connected and illustrate the flow of ideas.  Lastly, frame out your entire map with your theoretical framework and your PIO/PICO question (Grant & Osonloo, 2016).  Concept maps will help you write a clear literature review in an organized manner that is aligned with your chosen theoretical framework (Refer to Table 7.2:  Items to be Included in a Literature Review Rooted in Theory).

Table 7.2:  Items to be Included in a Literature Review Rooted in Theory

Source:  Grant, C. & Osanloo, A. (2016). Understanding, selecting, and integrating a theoretical framework in dissertation research: Creating the blueprint for your “house”. Administrative issues journal: connecting education, practice, and research ,  4 (2),7.

The ability to construct a concept map illustrates two essential properties of understanding:  the representation and the organization of ideas.  A holistic view of your developing concept map will allow you to view concepts that may or may not fit with your theoretical framework.  Your capstone instructors, and mentor can help you evaluate the feasibility of the theory, plan, and approach to your capstone project (Grant & Osonloo, 2016). (Refer to Appendix 7.B:  Sample Concept Map:  Person-Environment-Occupation Model).

Problem-Tree Analysis

Problem Tree Analysis provides a template for mapping causes and effects to better understand the chain of connected circumstances that led to a current issue, problem, or need.  Using the tree as a metaphor, you separate the causes (roots) from the effects (branches) of a central issue (trunk).  Problem Tree Analysis provides a structured way for you to identify concerns, discern causes from symptoms, and potentially frame problem statements in a clear manner.  Problem Tree Analysis can help you:

• untangle complex problems
• reveal various causes and effects
• build a shared understanding
• provide a direction for problem-solving

Problem Tree Analysis, which is also known as a Situational analysis or Problem analysis is central in many forms of project and program planning (Luma Institute, 2021).   (Refer to Table 7.3:  Advantages of Problem Tree Analysis).

Table 7.3:  Advantages of Problem Tree Analysis

Source:  Planning tools: Problem tree analysis . ODI. (2014, June 27). Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://odi.org/en/publications/planning-tools-problem-tree-analysis/  (Refer to Appendix 7.C:  Sample Problem Tree Analysis:  Pediatric HIV)

Root Cause Analysis

Root cause analysis (RCA) is the process of discovering the root causes of problems to identify appropriate solutions.  RCA assumes that it is much more effective to systematically prevent and solve for underlying issues rather than just treating unplanned symptoms and putting out fires.  RCA can be performed with a collection of principles, techniques, and methodologies that can all be leveraged to identify the root cause of an event or trend.  Looking beyond superficial cause and effect, RCA can show where processes or systems failed or caused an issue, problem, or need in the first place. Identifying the root causes of a problem, issue, or need helps in developing more effective strategies to overcome it (Guavera, 2022).  There are three basic types of root causes that can have a potential impact on a problem, need, issue, or event:

• Physical causes
• Human causes
• Organizational causes

The first goal of RCA is to discover the root cause of a problem, issue, need, or event.  The second goal is to fully understand how to fix, compensate, or to learn from any underlying issues within the root cause. The third goal is to apply what we learn from this analysis to systematically prevent future issues or to repeat successes ( Root cause analysis explained: Definition, examples, and methods . Tableau, n.d.).

There are several core principles that guide effective root cause analysis, some of which may be readily apparent while others may not (Refer to Table 7.4:  Core Principles of Root Causes Analysis).

Table 7.4:  Core Principles of Root Cause Analysis

Source:  Root cause analysis explained: Definition, examples, and methods . Tableau. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.tableau.com/learn/articles/root-cause-analysis

It should be noted that RCA is not a one-size fits all methodology.  Rather, there are many tools, processes, and techniques that can be used in conducting in  RCAs.  Regardless of the technique chosen, the process for Root Cause Analysis remains the same (Refer to Table 7.5:  Root Cause Analysis Process).

It should be noted that RCA is not a one-size fits all methodology.  Rather, there are many tools, processes, and techniques that can be used in conducting in  RCAs.  Regardless of the technique chosen, the process for Root Cause Analysis remains the same (Refer to Table 7.5:  Root Cause Analysis Process)

Table 7.5:  Root Cause Analysis Process

Source:  Guevara, P. (2022, August 12). Root cause analysis: Definition and examples . SafetyCulture. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://safetyculture.com/topics/root-cause-analysis/(Refer to Appendix 7.D:  Sample Root Cause Analysis:  Fall-Related Injuries on Behavioral Health Unit)

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis

A SWOT analysis is a high-level strategic planning model that helps organizations, programs, and/or other entities identify where they are doing well and where they can improve from both an internal and external perspective. A SWOT analysis can help you evaluate your business, program, or other entity by considering multiple factors:

• Strengths and weaknesses (represented as internal factors). Internal factors are considered things that can be controlled.  Examples include team members, program content, and geographical location.
• Opportunities and threats (represented as external factors). External factors are considered things that cannot be controlled.  Examples include policies and regulations, economic trends, and competitors.

Students can use a SWOT analysis to plot out a future course for their capstone project that will focus on project strengths while minimizing risks.  Insights you glean resulting from your SWOT analysis should be used constructively as part of the capstone planning process (Jackson, 2022).

How to Do a SWOT Analysis

Undertaking a SWOT analysis requires planning and organization.  The following steps will take you through the process:

• Step 1: Create a SWOT Matrix (Refer to Figure 7.1:  Sample SWOT Matrix)

Figure 7.1:  Sample SWOT Matrix

• Step 2: Consider including community, program, and capstone project stakeholders.  Including stakeholders input in a SWOT analysis can provide more insight as different perspectives can be considered (Jackson, 2022).
• Step 3: Lists your strengths
• Step 4: List your weaknesses
• Step 5: Identify your opportunities
• Step 6: Identify your potential threats
• Step 7: Examine your Matrix for connections

A SWOT analysis can help you with strategic planning for your capstone project and program development.  This tool can help you define objectives, create priority initiatives to help make them a reality.  Subsequently, a SWOT analysis can help you to identify measures that help to ensure that your capstone project is unfolding optimally (Refer to Appendix 7.E:  Sample SWOT Analysis for a Hospital).

Logic models can be a valuable method for establishing capstone program planning, an implementation plan, and the outcomes or changes you hope to achieve (Doll, 2010).  A concept map is an attempt to make explicit your program’s connection with theory so that it can be reviewed by others. While concepts maps provide a visual representation of how you will approach your capstone project in the context of a specified theoretical framework, logic models provide a graphic depiction that presents the shared relationships among the resources, activities, outcomes, and outcomes/impacts of your capstone project’s identified need, problem, or issue.  Problem Tree and Root Cause Analyses can help you with your capstone project by identifying how to approach a recognized problem, need, or issue.  Finally, a SWOT analysis can be used to evaluate your capstone project by considering multiple internal and external factors that can facilitate effective program development while minimizing risks.

Glynn has continued to meet with their mentor, capstone instructor(s), the institution’s statistician, and librarians.

The guiding theory for Glynn’s research-based capstone project is the Diffusion of Innovations.  After performing a literature search to specifically gain more information about this theory, Glynn created the following:

Appendix 7.E:   Sample SWOT Analysis for a Hospital

Optimizing Your Capstone Experience: A Guidebook for Allied Health Professionals Copyright © 2023 by Virginia E. Koenig is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Capstone Project Report On the topic “A STUDY OF NON PERFORMING ASSETS IN INDIAN PRIVATE

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Computer Vision for Robot Using AI , Sanjana Chandupatla

Plagiarism Checker , Shanmuka Gopala Krishna Chikkam

FundRaiser , Sireesha Chitla

Cure Unity , Ssisandesh Devireddy

Sharing Hope Together , Mansi Kalabhai Dodiya

Predictive Modeling for Lead Conversion in the EdTech Industry , Manideep Donthagani

FundRaiser , Venkatesh Goura

FundRaiser , Aishwarya Govina

FundRaiser , Sushmitha Gurakonda

Sharing Hope Together , Praveen Jasthi

Event Management System , Pramidha Kaleru

Robotics Drone Integration , Sridevi Kandula

COVID-19 Trends in India: Nationwide Insights & Maharashtra Focus , Manikanta Kusanapalli

Qwik Shop , Kartik Satish Lakkapalli

Smart Attendance GUI Application , Dheeraj Maddi

Computer Vision for Robot Using AI , Ragini Malladi

Library Management System , Katyaini Manne

PatientCare Xpert , Abdul Qayyum Mohammed

Page 1 of 26

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The School of Information is UC Berkeley’s newest professional school. Located in the center of campus, the I School is a graduate research and education community committed to expanding access to information and to improving its usability, reliability, and credibility while preserving security and privacy.

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Applied Positive Psychology and the 2024 World Happiness Report

By scott glassman, psyd.

Every year, the World Happiness Report offers a sweeping metric of global well-being, asking upwards of 100,000 people in 130 countries to rate their emotional states and overall life satisfaction.

The 2024 report’s authors frame the data around stages of life, presenting a mix of hopeful and concerning findings. First, the more concerning points:

• Negative emotions of worry, sadness, and anger are more frequent almost everywhere in the world now than in 2006-2010.
• In every region, these negative emotions were more common for females than males, with the gender gap widening at older ages.
• In high-income countries, girls are experiencing lower life satisfaction than boys by around age 12, a gap that widens in subsequent years.
• A sharp decrease in happiness was observed in young people aged 15 to 24 in North America.
• There is a growing inequality of happiness in every part of the world except Europe, and especially among older individuals.
• Since 2006-2010, happiness fell in every age group in North America, South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa.

In contrast, there are a number of reasons for optimism and a variety of places to explore human flourishing:

• The top 10 countries in happiness have not changed in their happiness rankings since before COVID, which includes all the Nordic countries.
• Transition countries like Lithuania and Slovenia are rising in happiness.
• In Western Europe, happiness is similar across all ages.
• Those under 30 experience the highest frequency of positive emotions in every country surveyed.
• There has been a large increase in benevolence since the COVID pandemic, especially among those born after 1980.
• Social support is more than twice as common as loneliness in nearly every region.
• Social interactions of all types increase happiness.
• On average, young people between the ages of 15 and 24 reported improved life satisfaction between 2006 and 2019, despite declines in youth well-being in specific regions, such as North America, Western Europe, and the Middle East.
• Higher levels of well-being are associated with lower risk of future dementia.
• Among individuals with dementia, environmental changes and well-being activities improve happiness.
• Older age is associated with higher life satisfaction in India, contradicting the assumption sometimes made that older age is associated with lower well-being in lower-income countries.

The Promise of Positive Psychology Approaches

Adolescents and young adults may bear the brunt of living in a more negative world. The relative decline in well-being among young people in North America is likely symptomatic of the broader youth mental health crisis that has persisted since the pandemic. According to a CDC survey , in 2019, about 37% of high school students in the United States had chronic feelings of sadness or hopelessness. Globally, one in seven 10-19 year olds experiences a mental health disorder. Pairing positive psychology approaches with evidence-based treatment for these disorders may offer a novel two-pronged approach: reducing distress while providing tools for stimulating personal growth, life optimization, and positive affect.

We can also build on the momentum of societal generosity by developing local, national, and global kindness initiatives that span multiple age groups. Well-being programs could be informed by research in thriving older adult populations, such as those in Japan where higher levels of health, subjective well-being, and longevity are interconnected. Reducing the gender gap in well-being among female youth would be another important goal. Lastly, the consistently high life satisfaction in Scandinavian countries like Finland and Denmark suggest that we should study their individual, systemic, and cultural well-being sources for adaptation in other parts of the world.

MAPP Capstone Projects: Addressing Global Happiness Concerns

The Master of Applied Positive Psychology class of 2024 began their Capstone project development before the release of the 2024 World Happiness Report, however, many of their projects address key areas of need highlighted in the report.

Body dissatisfaction could help explain the finding of lower life satisfaction for girls at ages 13 and 15 in the report. In one international study , body dissatisfaction rates ranged from 19 to 84% among adolescent females aged 10 to 19. MAPP student Jordan Fenton is developing a 3-week mindfulness program to increase resilience and well-being among women in early adulthood, including components of self-compassion and body-focused gratitude. Her hope is that participants will experience higher levels of body satisfaction and self-esteem.

In light of increasing global levels of negative emotion, interventions that restore better balance between positive and negative emotional states may prove extremely valuable. Research suggests that expressing gratitude increases positive affect, especially when levels of positive affect are low. MAPP student Rachel Hutchins is exploring whether a project aimed at increasing patients’ expressions of gratitude to healthcare providers enhances provider well-being. Dylan Mitchell is looking at how gaming can enhance positive emotional states like connectedness, gratitude, and personal strengths awareness among adults with autism. Samantha Davis will be teaching self-compassion practices to survivors of intimate partner violence along with resistance exercise training, which together could promote feelings of empowerment and a greater sense of meaning in life. Laila Ojageer is creating a system of job accomplishment recognition, examining the impact on self-esteem, connectedness, and job satisfaction.

Family-based positive psychology interventions could address the drop in life satisfaction levels observed in youth between the ages of 15 and 24 in North America. Along those lines, Dina Ramadan is creating a virtual mindfulness-based parenting program tailored to parents who have experienced their own adverse childhood experiences. She hopes to strengthen the parent-child bond while creating a supportive space for parents to build better emotion regulation skills. Harrison Combs will be teaching mindfulness practices to sixth grade students to strengthen their well-being and help them increase their levels of dispositional mindfulness, the natural capacity to be mindful across situations.

Equitable Access to Well-Being

The 2024 World Happiness Report emphasizes how more equitable access to well-being and health-related activities can help create happier communities and nations. This effort could include increasing the number of safe public spaces for physical activity and social connection, widening the availability of health screenings, and making health care more affordable. Locally, Philadelphia Mayor Cherelle Parker has expressed a commitment to enhancing safe, clean, and green spaces throughout the city, fostering greater environmental justice. Researchers have found that even just 20 minutes of time in a park can improve mood and boost happiness. It is clear that reversing the concerning trends around happiness will require a multi-faceted diversity and equity-informed approach that works simultaneously at individual and systemic levels. Collaboration between Nordic countries, where happiness is more common, and other parts of the world could be another key to increasing the likelihood of global thriving.

You May Also Like:

• Using Words of Gratitude to Enhance Clinician Well-Being
• Dina Ramadan: Why I Chose the Positive Psychology Program at PCOM
• Self-Compassion Exercises For Stressful Times
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