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Stock Pitch Guide: How to Pitch a Stock in Interviews and Win Offers

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Numi Advisory is an expert in hedge fund and equity research recruiting , having advised over 600 clients by providing career coaching, mock interviews, and resume reviews for people seeking jobs in equity research, private equity, investment management, and hedge funds (full bio at the bottom of this article).

If you want to know how to pitch a stock , it would be great to have a full stock pitch guide in one article… right?

Well, you’re in luck: in this article, we give you real stock pitch examples and templates that you can use in hedge fund, asset management, and other buy-side interviews.

The stock pitch matters a lot in these types of interviews because it is literally what you do on the job, and it’s the best way to set yourself apart.

Also, interviewers will ask you to pitch a stock, often multiple times, if you want to get a job at a hedge fund .

Step 6: Favor Companies with Clear Catalysts

Focus on the following key points, investment thesis examples, stock pitch templates & examples.

Let’s start with the most important part: stock pitch examples for real companies. I’ll share two below from our financial modeling courses :

• Jazz Pharmaceuticals [JAZZ] – [SHORT] – Word | PowerPoint
• AvalonBay [AVB] – [LONG] – Word | PowerPoint

The Jazz stock pitch turned out to be incorrect over a 12-month time frame, but it was correct over a ~6-month time frame when the stock price fell.

The AvalonBay stock pitch turned out to be correct , with the company returning over 25% (including dividends) compared with an overall S&P gain of ~10% in that time frame.

I’m not going to share the full financial models, but you can get a sense of the AVB valuation by looking at our tutorials on REIT NAV Models and REIT Valuation .

For the Jazz model, there’s a whole treasure trove of DCF modeling tutorials on our YouTube channel.

What is a Stock Pitch?

Definition: A stock pitch is a short write-up or presentation that argues for or against investing in a public company’s stock, and which is backed by a strong investment thesis, data, valuation metrics, catalysts, and an assessment of the risk factors.

You use a stock pitch in the following ways:

• Networking: For example, you could look up contact information for hedge fund professionals and include your pitch in your introductory email to them.
• Interviews: You’ll be asked to pitch a stock all the time in hedge fund and asset management interviews.
• Investment Clubs and Competitions: You’ll have to present your views, argue why a security is mis-priced, and then convince others that you’re right.
• Personal Investing: If you have a personal trading account and you invest in individual stocks, you can use stock pitches to hone your reasoning and make better picks.
• On the Job: Finally, if you’re working at a hedge fund or other investment firm, you’ll research and pitch stocks on the job regularly. That is the job!

The bottom line: if you want a hedge fund career , or a career in closely related fields, you’ll  need some solid stock pitches to interview successfully for Hedge Fund Analyst roles .

And if you want to start a hedge fund , you’ll need to generate a steady stream of stock pitches.

Usually, interviewers, firms, and competition judges won’t give you a specific company to pitch; it’s up to you to do the research and find one.

If they do give you a specific company, then it’s probably a time-pressured case study where you have 2, 3, or 4 hours to skim the company’s filings, build a simple model, and make a quick pitch based on that.

This article is geared toward longer, “take-home” stock pitches where you have a few days up to a week to finish the pitch, but the basic structure applies to time-pressured pitches as well.

If the firm you’re interviewing with does not give you an explicit time limit, ask for it , along with the formatting requirements and anything else they want to see.

Finally, note that we are only covering stock pitches here – not credit pitches or distressed debt pitches or global macro pitches involving FX, commodities, or sovereign bonds.

You can use the same structure for those, but specific elements of the pitch, such as the valuation, catalysts, and risk factors, will differ.

The Ideal Stock Pitch Structure

We recommend the following structure for all stock pitches:

• Recommendation – State whether it’s a Long or Short (i.e., whether you think its stock price will increase or decrease) and what the company should be worth. Do not give a “neutral” recommendation unless they assigned the company to you.
• Company Background – What are the company’s products/services, how much revenue/EBITDA does it generate, what is its market cap, and what are its current valuation multiples? Bonus points for a price/volume graph.
• Investment Thesis – The stock is priced imperfectly because of these 2-3 key factors. The market has not factored them in because of reasons X and Y. The market is wrong, and there’s a chance to gain significantly by longing/shorting this stock.
• Catalysts – Certain key events in the next 6-12 months will cause the market to “realize” this pricing imperfection, resulting in a price correction and the potential to make money. Key events might include new product launches, acquisitions, earnings announcements, divestitures, clinical trial results, and financing activities.
• Valuation – For a Long recommendation, you need to show that the stock is undervalued (e.g., right now it’s trading at $25, but there’s a reasonable chance it’s worth $35-$40); for a Short recommendation, you show why the stock is overvalued .
• Risk Factors and How to Mitigate Them – You lay out the top 2-3 market and company-specific reasons why your investment thesis might be wrong, and then explain what you can do to mitigate these risks. Even if you’re wrong, could you limit your losses?

If this is an initial pitch for networking or interviews, keep it short.

“Short” means “2-3 pages at the most,” as in our examples above.

Make it longer only if you have a lot of time to present, you’ve been asked to create a slide presentation, or you’ve been asked for a certain number of pages.

Building an Investment Thesis: Stock Pitch Idea Generation

“OK,” you say, “that structure sounds nice. But where am I supposed to get ideas in the first place? And how do I complete the research process and build a valuation in only a few days?”

The blunt truth is that you need to be following industries or companies already to have a good shot of finishing a stock pitch, even a 2-3-page one, in only a few days.

If not, then you should reevaluate whether or not you want a career in investing or hedge funds.

The best investors do it because they’re passionate about the process itself ; pitching stocks is their hobby.

So, ideally, you already have in mind companies that are undervalued or overvalued and whose stock prices could change significantly in the next 6-12 months.

How to Find a Company to Pitch, Step-By-Step

But let’s say you just found out about an interview in 4-5 days, you have nothing prepared, and you don’t follow specific companies.

Here’s the process I’d recommend in that case:

Step 1: Research the Fund’s Strategy

Before you even open Excel or Word, you need to make sure you’re searching for a company that is a relative match for the fund’s strategy. For example:

• Good Idea: Short for a recently public tech startup.
• OK-But-Not-As-Good Idea: Long for an undervalued, mature tech company.
• Bad Idea: Merger arbitrage pitch for a life insurance company spin-off.
• Good Idea: Long for an undervalued industrial tools manufacturer.
• OK-But-Not-As-Good Idea: Long for a misunderstood consumer/retail company amid a turnaround.
• Bad Idea: Short for an overpriced biotech startup.

It’s more important to match the strategy than it is to match the industry.

That’s why the “bad ideas” above are strategy mismatches.

Step 2: Start with an Industry You Know Something About, or That Lends Itself to the Fund’s Strategy

For example, if you’re an engineer, pick the technology , telecom, or media industries.

If you’ve done internships at retail companies, pick consumer/retail .

If you like whiskey even more than I do, pick the food & beverage industry.

Avoid industries that are highly technical or that have specific accounting/valuation methodologies (e.g., oil & gas or commercial banks ) – unless the fund specializes in them.

Also, keep in mind that certain industries will match the fund’s strategy more easily than others.

You can easily find over-priced and over-hyped tech and biotech startups that are ideal “Short” candidates, but in an industry like chemicals or industrials, it’s easier to find mature, undervalued companies that might be long-term investments.

Step 3: Screen for Mid-Sized Companies in the Industry

If you don’t have Capital IQ access, the best screening tool is https://finviz.com/ .

Here’s an example healthcare screen , which you can sort by sector, industry, country, market cap, and other criteria.

If the biggest companies in your industry have market caps of $100 billion and the smallest have market caps of $50 million, you should pick something in the middle: maybe the $1 – $10 billion range.

If you can screen by revenue, aim for companies with revenue in the hundreds of millions to low billions USD.

Step 4: Find Companies with 3-4 Key Drivers, At Most, and Relatively Pure-Play Businesses

Do not pick a company with 20 different business lines where each segment depends on different assumptions.

Consumer/retail companies are great because revenue depends on the number of stores and the average sales per store, and the projections are straightforward.

On the other hand, the maritime/shipping industry is not ideal because you need to make granular assumptions for different types of ships in the fleet.

In our example stock pitches here, I picked Jazz Pharmaceuticals partially because it had a manageable number of products – the main one, two smaller ones, and several even smaller ones that we consolidated:

Step 5: Eliminate Companies with Messy Financial Statements

If the company’s Cash Flow Statement is four pages long, or its Income Statement has 13 non-recurring charges, or its Balance Sheet has 30+ items on each side, drop it.

Yes, you can simplify and consolidate the statements, but that takes up precious time that you don’t have.

If you’re down to 2-3 companies by this point and you can’t decide, pick the one with the most concrete, impactful catalysts .

A company that just announced an acquisition or divestiture, a major product or clinical trial results, or a major strategic pivot is a good bet.

Product launches and expansion strategies are good catalysts because it’s easy to argue that future growth will be higher or lower than expected.

If you’ve done everything above but still can’t decide, pick a company randomly and move on.

One final note: do not rely on equity research reports to find companies or investment theses.

Equity research is useful for gaining background knowledge and finding market data, but you should not use it for building your investment thesis.

Stock Pitch Research and Valuation Process

You will not be able to read thousands of pages if you have only a few days or a week, so we recommend the following steps:

• Research the Company and Industry – Get the company’s latest annual and interim reports and its most recent investor presentation. You can also search for press releases about the company’s products/services.
• Build a Simple DCF-Based Valuation – You should go beyond percentage growth rate assumptions for revenue and expenses, but you don’t need a 5,000-row spreadsheet, either. Aim to project revenue with Units Sold * Average Selling Price in the main segments, and link the key expenses to Units Sold or the Employee Count. That might result in a DCF model that’s around 100-300 rows; a 3-statement model is unnecessary. You’ll need a sense of the Public Comps as well, but you should not spend time scrubbing the data. Use Capital IQ or FactSet if you have them, or Finviz and Google Finance if not. See our tutorial on comparable company analysis for examples.
• Time Permitting, Do Real-Life Research – If you have the time to do so, spend a few hours speaking with people in real life to find out more about the overall prospects of the company and industry. For example, you could use LinkedIn to look up suppliers, partners, and employees, contact them via email, and ask if they’re willing to speak with you for a few minutes. In exchange, you can explain how investors view their industry.

This process is known as a “channel check,” and it’s a great way to set yourself apart with modest effort. A direct quote from a manager at the company’s key supplier is far better than a more complex financial model.

• Your Angle: How do you see this company differently from the rest of the market? Will it grow more quickly/slowly than expected? Will it be more/less profitable than expected? Will its new products and services perform better/worse than expected?
• Valuation Inputs: How do these points translate into model assumptions in Excel? Research means nothing unless you can reflect it in your revenue, expense, and cash flow assumptions.
• Implied Value: What does the output of your valuation look like? Is the company overvalued, undervalued, or valued appropriately right now? How does that change in different cases, such as Base, Upside, and Downside?
• Catalysts: Which 2-3 events or potential events over the next 6-12 months could cause this company’s stock price to change in the direction you predict? Companies can stay mispriced forever if the market doesn’t realize it. Catalysts are particularly important for “Short” recommendations because they are so dependent on timing.
• Risk Factors: Why might your recommendation be wrong? What are the top 2-3 factors that could result in the company’s stock price moving in the other direction? And how could you mitigate these risks?

Once you’ve done this, you should be able to create a short, 2-page outline based on your findings.

Here are the outlines we created for AvalonBay and Jazz Pharmaceuticals:

• Jazz Pharmaceuticals [JAZZ] – SHORT – Stock Pitch Outline
• AvalonBay [AVB] – LONG – Stock Pitch Outline

After you have this outline, you’ll expand it to create the full stock pitch.

You can understand the research and valuation process in-depth and financial modeling in Excel by completing our courses.

The “Core” course linked to above has a simple example of a valuation, DCF, and stock pitch, while the Advanced Financial Modeling course has a detailed example backed by outside research and industry data:

Advanced Financial Modeling

Learn more complex "on the job" investment banking models and complete private equity, hedge fund, and credit case studies to win buy-side job offers.

Stock Pitch Section 1: Recommendation

In this section, you present the most convincing arguments for your pick. We recommend the following structure:

• Long or short, current share price, the percentage by which it’s mispriced, and the top 2-3 reasons why the stock price will change in the next 6-12 months.
• Two or three potential catalysts that will cause the stock price to change in the next 6-12 months.
• Two or three investment risks (company-specific or market-specific) and how you might mitigate those risks through other investments, call or put options, etc.

Here’s our Recommendation slide for Jazz Pharmaceuticals:

If you want a better visual style for this one, see the summary slide at the end instead:

It is not a great idea to give specific probabilities here (e.g., “75% chance of gaining 30% and a 25% chance of losing 15%”) because the first question in any interview will be, “So, how did you come up with those probabilities?”

Instead of giving probabilities, focus on best-case and worst-case outcomes:

• Longs: Aim to show that the company is modestly undervalued in the Base Case (e.g., 20-30%), dramatically undervalued in the Upside Case (50%+), and only slightly overvalued in the Downside Case (5-10%).
• Shorts: Show the company is modestly overvalued in the Base Case, only slightly undervalued in the Upside Case, and dramatically overvalued in the Downside Case.

You are demonstrating that there’s an asymmetric risk profile , i.e., higher potential gains than potential losses.

Stock Pitch Section 2: Company Background

Here, you list the company’s key financial stats (revenue, EBITDA, market cap, and current multiples) and a quick overview of its business segments and products/services.

Don’t just copy in the descriptions from the filings or annual reports – summarize the most important points and leave out the corporate speak.

In the PowerPoint version of the Jazz stock pitch, we added a price-volume chart because of the extra space available:

In the Word version, we left out the chart and wrote the bullets in sentences instead.

Stock Pitch Section 3: Investment Thesis

In the investment thesis section, you must point out something that everyone else is missing or misunderstanding about the company.

In the Jazz stock pitch, we make very simple arguments: generics that threaten the company’s key product are likely to arrive sooner than expected, the company’s pricing power is lower than expected, and its new drugs have lower-than-expected market sizes :

We link each factor to a specific per-share impact on the company’s stock price to show how the misplaced mainstream view is more than theoretical.

Besides arguments about pricing and market size, there are many other ways to build an investment thesis.

For example, here’s what we use for AvalonBay in the apartment REIT sector:

This is a Long recommendation, and the company is in a sector that’s highly sensitive to macroeconomic conditions, so the main idea is:

“Even if economic conditions worsen, the company won’t be affected too badly, and it might even benefit in some ways; also, the company’s development pipeline is stronger than expected and will deliver higher growth when the first deliveries arrive.”

Other investment thesis examples include:

• Misunderstood Acquisition or Divestiture: The company’s true upside from a deal will be far higher or lower than expected, and the rest of the market hasn’t yet factored it in because they don’t understand the cost synergies or integration plan.
• Lipstick-on-a-Pig Company: The company presents itself as a “SaaS” or “AI” play, but in reality, it’s an overhyped services business that should trade at far lower multiples.
• Misunderstood Threats: The market expects the competition to beat the company in Areas X and Y, or it expects the company to fail to execute Initiative Z, but it’s wrong for the following reasons.
• Financial Statement Shenanigans: The company is recognizing revenue too aggressively, exaggerating its reserves, or playing games with capitalized vs. expensed costs, all of which affect its cash flows and, therefore, its valuation.

Stock Pitch Section 4: Catalysts

Catalysts should be events or potential events that might occur within the next 6-12 months.

Most hedge funds operate on relatively short time frames, so if specific events will not change the company’s stock price for another 3-5 years, the company is a bad pick (for more on this, see our hedge fund overview article ).

Also, it’s much more difficult to predict the impact of events that far into the future.

“Hard Catalysts” are events that are definitely going to happen and will produce a specific result : earnings reports, the announced outcome of clinical trials, or the announced acquisition of a smaller company.

“Soft Catalysts” are potential events that may or may not happen and where the time frame is less certain, such as a planned international expansion, a change in market share, or the launch of a future competitive product with an unknown release date.

You should prioritize “Hard Catalysts,” but it’s OK to use a mix of both – as we do for Jazz and AvalonBay:

Catalysts are most important for Short recommendations because overvalued companies tend to stay overvalued until a specific event, such as an earnings report far below expectations, suddenly makes everyone come to their senses.

If a company is high-quality, appropriately valued or undervalued, and has solid growth potential, its share price might increase gradually over time, and specific events are not as essential to your investment thesis.

Stock Pitch Section 5: Valuation

In this section, you must resist the urge to paste in 538 sensitivity analysis tables and instead summarize the output, with a focus on the implied share price in different cases.

For Jazz Pharmaceuticals, we used the traditional valuation football field , but we summarized the long-term projections on the next slide and showed sensitivities after that:

Focus on the DCF (or DDM, or NAV Model depending on the industry) because it demonstrates your differentiated, long-term views of the company more effectively than the other methodologies.

You can support the intrinsic analyses with valuation multiples, but you can’t base your entire argument on them.

Valuation multiples fluctuate for so many different reasons that you can’t just say, “Aha! Company X trades at multiples that are 20% lower than Company Y, despite similar growth rates and margins – therefore, it’s undervalued by 20%!”

It’s quite important to include different scenarios, such as Base, Upside, and Downside cases linked to the company’s revenue and expense drivers.

If you’ve only looked at a single case in which the company grows by 10% per year, it will be very difficult to answer questions about the risk factors, the worst-case scenario, or the potential losses if your thesis is wrong.

The valuation must tie in directly to the asymmetric risk profile , and your audience must read it and think, “OK, it seems like there’s more to gain than to lose here.”

Stock Pitch Section 6: Risk Factors and Mitigating Factors

In this section, you cross-examine your investment thesis and point out all the flaws and reasons why it might be wrong.

The easiest method is to reverse the catalysts: for example, what if the company can raise prices by more/less than expected? Or, what if its new drugs turn into a giant success/failure? What if its clinical trial results are unexpectedly positive/negative?

Risk factors must be specific to the company to be effective.

So, don’t list “There could be a global recession!” or “Oil prices might plummet!” or “The company might get displaced by robots and AI!” as risk factors.

Yes, those are all risks, but they’re general risks that will impact a wide range of companies – not yours alone.

We followed the “reverse the catalysts” approach in the Jazz stock pitch, but one of the risk factors relates to early-stage drugs not mentioned in the catalysts section:

You should also write something about how to mitigate these risks.

The obvious approach for a Long/Short Equity pitch is to use call or put options, or stop-loss or stop-limit orders to cap your losses at a certain percentage.

But you could also recommend longing or shorting other companies’ stocks that might move in the opposite direction, or using other investments to reduce the risk in some way.

The worst-case scenario is worth mentioning as well, especially in Long pitches: if the company completely crashes, what might its Balance Sheet be worth in a liquidation scenario?

Could it sell non-core assets or other divisions if something catastrophic happens?

For Short pitches, what happens if the company’s stock price jumps 200%? How high could it realistically go, based on your valuation, and where would you cap your losses?

Presenting the Stock Pitch

The presentation of your pitch varies, but if you’re doing it live, expect an extended Q&A session or “healthy debate” after you finish.

The investment professionals will dig into your assumptions, question specific numbers, ask about your primary research, and assess how much conviction you have.

I wouldn’t recommend taking public speaking classes or joining Toastmasters or anything like that because your pitch is more of a conversation than a “speech.”

However, you should make notes about the key numbers, what your different sources said, and the industry stats.

And if you don’t know something, you should admit it upfront.

Then, offer to look it up and follow up with them after the interview… and make sure you follow through and do that.

Even simple valuations have a lot of numbers and assumptions, so there’s a decent chance you won’t be able to remember the source for one specific number.

Stock Pitches: Anything Else?

Some books, guides, and articles about stock pitches recommend that you include other factors in your pitch as well:

• The existing shareholders and how they’ve changed over time.
• How “crowded” the trade is, i.e., whether or not many other funds have also invested, and the short interest.
• The stock’s performance over the past few years.
• The liquidity and average daily trading volume of the stock.
• How you’ll enter and exit the position without affecting the stock price.

If you have the time and resources, and you’re allowed to make a longer pitch, sure, you can include these points.

But one problem is that you’ll need Bloomberg access to research these points in-depth, which may not be realistic if you’re a student or not yet in the finance industry.

Also, some of these issues are on-the-job considerations – critical when you’re making the trade in real life, but not as essential if you’re presenting the initial idea to generate interest.

The Top Stock Pitch Mistakes To Avoid

I’ve reviewed hundreds of case studies, models, stock pitches, and investment recommendations over the years.

Here are the top mistakes I’ve seen:

• Unnecessarily Detailed Model – Some candidates spend all their time worrying about minutiae on the financial statements rather than the key drivers. You should create a moderately detailed model (100-300 rows for the DCF) and spend the bulk of your time researching the company, speaking with real people, and honing your investment thesis.
• Inability to Support the Main Assumptions – Why are you assuming higher revenue growth or margins in a certain year? What historical performance, research, or channel checks support that assumption?
• Poor or Non-Existent Catalysts – Your catalysts should be short-term (6-12 months), they should represent specific per-share impacts, and 1-2 of them should be “hard” rather than “soft.” Macro catalysts can work, but only if you explain how they will affect your company specifically .
• Poor or Non-Existent Risk Factors and Mitigants – The most common mistake is to leave out the risk factors altogether, or to give risk factors that are too vague. Many candidates also fail to explain how to mitigate the risks.
• Lack of Conviction – Many candidates walk in expecting to take the SAT or GMAT and coast through the process, but stock pitches are very, very different. If you are not passionately convinced that your idea is great, it will be very obvious to everyone, and you won’t win the offer.

Stock Pitches: What Next?

“Practice makes perfect” is a cliché, but it’s also 100% true with stock pitches.

To create high-quality stock pitches, you’ll need to practice with at least 2-3 companies before you get a feel for it.

And if you don’t yet have a good understanding of accounting and valuation, add on several months to learn those.

For interview purposes, you should prepare 2-3 ideas – at least 1 Long and 1 Short – and you can adapt them to different funds as necessary (e.g., you could recommend underweighting your Short pick if you interview at a long-only fund).

If you follow this guide, you should have a good start on those first 2-3 pitches.

And if you want personalized assistance with your stock pitches, I highly recommend the services of Numi:

Numi Advisory has provided career coaching, mock interviews, and resume reviews to over 600 clients seeking careers in equity research, private equity, investment management, and hedge funds. With extensive firsthand experience in these fields, Numi offers unparalleled insights on how to ace your interviews, excel on the job, and create and present great stock pitches.

Numi customizes solutions to each client’s unique background and career aspirations and helps them find the path of least resistance toward securing their dream careers. He has helped place over 150 candidates in leading buy-side and sell-side jobs. For more information on career services and client testimonials, please contact  numi.advisory@gmail. com , or  visit Numi’s LinkedIn page .

If you liked this article, you might be interested in Investment Banking Pitch Books: Design, Examples & Templates .

About the Author

Brian DeChesare is the Founder of Mergers & Inquisitions and Breaking Into Wall Street . In his spare time, he enjoys lifting weights, running, traveling, obsessively watching TV shows, and defeating Sauron.

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20 thoughts on “ Stock Pitch Guide: How to Pitch a Stock in Interviews and Win Offers ”

Thank you so much for this. I have an interview/case study coming up and I really needed this.

Thanks! Glad to hear it.

Hey – thank you for this! I was wondering whether it is possible to pitch a long for a firm that has just announced that it is going private? Is this alright or would this impact the quality of the pitch?

I would probably not do this unless it’s something like a merger arbitrage fund or some other event-driven fund where you’re making an argument that the firm will definitely be acquired, and the market is underpricing the odds with a spread that’s far too wide (or something like that). Otherwise, long pitches for firms that are set to be acquired usually aren’t compelling because the potential upside is too low once the deal announcement has been made.

Great article. Thanks for publishing. I suggest adding some caveat regarding sending the stock pitch to professionals in introductory emails. In my experience most professionals cannot accept external pitches without going through compliance first, so sending it proactively might oftentimes be unwelcome.

I agree that you have to be careful with these sorts of things, but in most ER/HF/AM interviews and even in networking interactions, they will ask you for some type of stock pitch as part of the process. So I’m not sure if there’s a huge difference if they’re going to ask for it later anyway. One option might be to send a short outline but not a full “pitch” in the intro email, or to simply state that you’ve prepared 1-2 pitches and ask if they want to see them. My experience is that most finance professionals take stock pitches as seriously as they take Seeking Alpha articles, and they use pitches mostly to evaluate who knows at least something vs. who is completely clueless.

Hello Brain, very fantastic investing lesson. Can I use this article and your two attachment as template to teach high school students write stock analysis report? They only have template with buy recommendation but not for Sell and Hold recommendation. Thus, I think students need two more example to wirte their analysis report.

Best Regards, Kim

Sure, but please link to the URL of this original article on this site.

I am a doing a stock pitch and part of my pitch they said i should do Competitive dynamics and Regulatory framework. Do you know what it means?

They want you to summarize the company’s main competitors in the industry, how much overall competition there is (think in terms of market share), and any special regulatory burdens or rules the company has to follow.

You mentioned that we should prioritize “hard catalyst”. But I wonder if the hard catalyst, in most cases, has already been priced in the stock price?

In addition, how to know what’s the market view of this stock? For instance, if I think the company’s revenue growth rate is 8% in the future, how do I know the market view of the revenue growth rate?

You would have to research the company and its stock price history to see if various catalysts are priced in. There’s no way to tell universally, as some companies are repeatedly misunderstood by the market and others are not. The easiest way to tell is to look at how many times the company has had “surprise” earnings reports in the past.

For the current market view of the stock, find consensus estimates on Capital IQ or if you don’t have Capital IQ, look on sites like Yahoo Finance or FinViz for estimates.

Thank you for recommending the stock pitch coaching service at the end of the post. I wonder if there is any stock pitch coaching service with a website that gives more transparent information, or any widely-used stock pitch coaching service?

There are other stock pitch coaching services out there, but I have no firsthand experience with them and cannot speak to their quality. The individual running this service is employed as a PM within the industry, so he doesn’t want to give his identity (but I know him in real life and can vouch for the services). But if you want a service that gives the person’s name and full employment information, you might be able to find that somewhere.

I hope you are having a nice day. I’m currently in a stock pitch competition. I need a presentation, a written report and also a 8-10 minutes long script. Is there anything that I should watch out for or do extra that will put me apart from the other contestants?

Also, any suggestions on what kind of company is best to pitch for in this kind of competitions?

Would really appreciate your help.

We have many examples of stock pitches on this site, so I would suggest reviewing those for ideas. We unfortunately cannot comment or help with homework assignments or competition projects. My advice is to pick a lesser-known company that you have followed and know much better than the judges.

Hi, Brian. I am currently interviewing for an AM company. If they asked me to give some opinions on their current positions, does it mean that I am asked to do a pitch? I think my interviewers mush have very solid opinions about the stocks the company is holding… Or if they just would like to know my brief opinions? And in either way, how long should my answer be? within 1 minute?

Not necessarily a formal stock pitch, but you should have a basic view on what they hold and whether you recommend buying, holding, or selling some of the stake. Maybe 30 seconds for an initial opinion.

Hi Brian, I have a final round interview with a BB bank (non-US branch office) for the ER analyst role in 2 weeks. I’m a target school but have never done a stock pitch or valuations before. Do you have advice for me given the large amount of work required to do stock pitch? Should I just admit that I’m new to finance but is willing to learn more based on my past experience with transferrable skills? Or should I learn as much possible from now and build from scratch and put up one? But I don’t think I would be confident if they ask me detailed challenging questions though. Thank you!!

Do some research and build a very simple valuation, or just use simple multiples, and explain that you are new to finance but did the most you could in ~2 weeks. Keep your analysis very simple and rely more on the qualitative factors than the quantitative/valuation ones.

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Stock pitch guide: Basics, insights, and practical tips

In this guide, we discuss the intricacies of stock pitches. You will discover the crucial elements of a stock pitch, such as the investment thesis, DCF model, and risk mitigation options. You will also learn how to prepare a successful presentation and pitch a stock to any potential investor.

What is a stock pitch?

A stock pitch is a multipurpose tool that helps capital markets professionals identify and evaluate each other as well as promising opportunities. When presented correctly, a pitch stock can increase your credibility within the field and put a start to limitless profitable ventures. 

Stock pitch definition 

A stock pitch is a verbal or written presentation that analyzes the potential of investing in a public company. Stock pitches can both advise pro and against the share and are often used to measure the presenter’s market analysis skills. 

As you will see from the sample stock pitch template below, stock pitches consist of several crucial elements, including company research, market share, investment thesis, investment risks, and stock’s key drivers.

But while the quality and quantity of the necessary information call for an extensive period of time, in some cases, you will need to put a stock pitch together on short notice.

Typical stock pitch scenarios

To know how to do a stock pitch correctly, you need to have a clear objective in mind. This means building your stock pitch according to the target audience’s expectations. Below are the most common applications of stock pitches in modern deal-making. 

Stock pitches are powerful tools for connecting with hedge funds and investment banks. You can include an investment opportunity summary in the form of a stock pitch in your introductory email to showcase expertise or offer services. 

Your priority, in this case, is to keep the delivery concise but valuable.

Pitching a stock has become a crucial part of business schools’ curricula in the past few years. Students can enroll in a stock pitch competition, join investment clubs, or even pitch an investment thesis to existing hedge funds in the prospect of landing an internship. 

Primary research is typically sufficient for educational purposes since the main goal is evaluating students’ skills rather than the practical implementation of their idea.

Interviewing for a job

Hiring managers of private equity (PE), hedge funds, and personal investing firms include stock pitches in the interview process. Your stock pitch will help the decision makers evaluate how much conviction you have in your analytical methods, where you source investment ideas, and how your delivery style aligns with their organizational values. 

Just as at any other job interview, the key elements here are thorough research and confidence.  

Fulfilling job duties 

Consequently, if you had to create two to three pitches during the hiring process, stock pitch development will be a part of your job description. Most hedge funds, or any other established financial institution, expect associates to monitor the industry trends and sometimes initiate internal stock pitch competitions to brainstorm ideas and explore new territories. 

Investment banking and hedge fund professionals must have the deepest understanding of stock mechanics. In such scenarios, you can spend several weeks on a single stock pitch. 

Building a personal portfolio 

Once you master stock pitches, you can use them as a research formula for expanding your own portfolio. While you might not need to convince yourself with an eloquent investment thesis, it is still a good idea to take a deep dig into the company’s background, financials, and key risks. 

While a personal investment pitch is less demanding, stock pitch mistakes will cost you. Therefore, research the public company you want to invest in with the same scrutiny as if you were doing it for a client.

Note: To learn what happens to stock when a company is bought explore our dedicated article.

Stock pitch structure

Let’s review the basic structure of putting your investment ideas into a stock pitch.

Recommendation statement 

The first part of your stock pitch is always a brief summary of your investment idea. You must mention whether you suggest longing or shorting on a specific company and offer a strong reason why. Keep this section concise, as you will have the opportunity to go into more detail in the investment thesis.

When pitching stocks to a hedge fund or any other investor, make sure you are familiar with the target’s portfolio and market outlook.

Company overview

The next step of your stock pitch is the overview of the company background, including the market share and major industry trends. You can also include the stock price and trading volumes data for the company’s entire existence or recent years. 

Create a comparable company analysis template when selecting a pitch candidate from several similar companies. For example, when comparing biotech startups, line up their recent innovations and patents to distinguish the most promising venture.

Investment thesis 

The general idea behind an investment thesis is to state why the market is wrong about the current stock price by evaluating market cap, equity research, PE, market sentiment, and other factors. 

The thesis is the quintessence of your investment ideas that essentially define the value of the stock pitch. To ensure you sound convincing, draft several investment thesis examples before picking the final one.

Price correction catalysts

Back up your investment thesis by mentioning the upcoming events that will affect the stock price and push the market to fulfill the asset’s intrinsic value. These include product launches, acquisitions, cash flow fluctuations, and competitor tactics, among others.  

Quarterly reports and press releases are great sources of typical catalysts for stock pitches. For example, Apple and Samsung presentations are famous for briefly but noticeably influencing the market with new product announcements.

Stock pitch valuation depends on whether you are making a long or a short recommendation. This way, if you suggest longing, you need to prove that the present value is too low. Similarly, argue that the price is too high if you want investors to short.

There are two general valuation metrics used in stock pitches – DCF and NAV. DCF calculates the profitability of investment ideas based on expected cash flows. And NAV divides the value of the cash flow and securities minus liabilities by the number of outstanding shares.

Risks and risk mitigation options

Finally, describe all the key risks associated with your suggested investment strategy and the options to alleviate them. Rely on the combination of fundamental and technical analysis, the company’s market cap, and primary strategies. 

Make sure you only consider risk factors specific to the company. For example, the global recession applies to the entire market, and you don’t necessarily need to feature it in the stock pitch.

Stock pitch template and examples

Below is a generalized stock pitch example you can use as a template. Please note that any information listed below is presented for illustrative purposes and does not serve as a functional trading signal source. 

Stock pitch elements 

1. recommendation statement.

Content: The main reason to consider the stock.

What to include:  

• Whether you suggest to long or short
• Expected value spike or drop

Example quotes: “I recommend longing the ABC stock because it is undervalued by 25% and could increase in value over the next 12-18 months.”

2. Company overview

Content: The background of the company you are pitching. 

• Geographies
• LTM financials
• Base projections
• FY prices and volumes

Example quotes: “LTM financials: $2 billion in revenue; $1.5 billion EBITDA; $1.3 billion FFO.”

3. Investment thesis 

Content: Why is the market currently wrong about the stock’s value?

• Factors that contributed to imperfect pricing
• Reasons why the market hasn’t yet corrected
• Recommendation  

Example quotes: “Historically low P E ratios despite positive earnings and optimistic fundamentals. The market has not yet realized the potential of expanding demographics. It is strategically wise to long this stock within the next month.”

4. Price correction catalysts 

Content: What factors will affect the price in the suggested time frame?

• Product launches
• Expansions 
• Positive FY earnings

Example quotes: “ABC is to finalize three additional acquisitions within the next 6 months, adding to the enterprise of seven previously acquired companies.”

5. Valuation

Content: Whether the current value is too low or too high.

• Model(s) you used to calculate the value

Example quotes: “According to the DCF valuation method presented above, the ABC equity value per share is $120.5.”

6. Risk factors and mitigation options

Content: Risks your investors might face and how to reduce them.

• Risks specific to the company, such as constant innovations in the field, political uncertainties, growing offer
• Mitigation strategies

Example quotes: “Just like ABC, its competitors often announce innovations. This can be alleviated through contact R&D investments.”

How to make a good stock pitch?

Now that you know how to structure a stock pitch, it’s time to take this skill to the next level. Next, we will discuss how to pitch a stock successfully to appeal to even the most meticulous investment competition decision-makers and hedge fund chairs.

1. Believe in your investment ideas

The investment idea at the base of your stock pitch has to be well-researched and backed up by relevant data. But by the end of the day, the best screening tool is your judgment. Below are some tips for getting on the right track when pitching a stock.

Know your investor

Whom are you going to pitch to? Perform the equity research of the hedge fund or private investor you are targeting to understand what companies they usually go for and what their target price could be.

Also, pay attention to the type of transactions they typically finalize. For example, a long-only fund is less likely to be interested in a short recommendation.

Focus on the industries you are familiar with 

An industry overview is much faster and easier if you are familiar with the field. Additionally, you can leverage your Capital IQ access or private equity connections to locate a promising investment opportunity for a stock pitch.

Choose a company with minimum key drivers

Stock pitches are more effective when they are straightforward. Pick a stock price with clear technical analysis patterns and only three or four key business lines. Any more would clutter your stock pitch and might substantially reduce valuation accuracy.

Stay alert for confusing financials

Cash flows and balance sheets must be transparent. No matter how good your investment idea is in theory, messy financials add risk factors and reduce your credibility. What’s more, an established hedge fund would never consider a stock pitch based on unclear numbers.

Look for clear catalysts 

Look for direct catalysts such as acquisitions, innovative patterns, and product launches, as they usually have an evident impact on the market and often result in higher revenue growth. To ensure you make the right choice, analyze average sales associated with similar events in the past and note how they affected the stock price.

2. Invest time in research and valuation 

The research process is arguably the most time-consuming part of your stock pitch. You must sound confident and knowledgeable to convince a private equity firm or a hedge fund to follow your recommendation.

Explore the company and its industry 

There are numerous ways to backup your investment idea with data. Start by exploiting free resources, such as the company’s press releases, annual reports, and stock charts. Take your time to understand the company’s business model and reach out to their representative if something isn’t clear.

You can also set up a personal trading account to apply your theory on a smaller scale. There are two approaches to take, depending on how much time you have.

Get your relative valuation from public-access tools, such as Yahoo finance. In case your stock pitch is for presentation purposes only, basic data will usually be enough.

• In-depth way

Consult investment professionals to get a deeper insight into your stock pitch. Use professional social networking channels to connect with partners, major clients, suppliers, etc.

Build a DCF valuation model 

DCF or Discounted Cash Flow model is a very common approach to evaluating investment potential. The formula takes into account the cash flow period, interest rate, and the number of years before the future cash flows get realized.

DCF is an extremely popular form of valuation metrics, so it is virtually compulsory in stock pitch competitions. Organize your calculations in a spreadsheet and ensure to keep it below 300 rows to save investors’ time. 

3. Present your stock pitch well

The delivery style for your pitch varies based on the audience. But there are a few universal suggestions that will help you present stock pitches to professional investor firms, private equity experts, and anyone else.

• Lead a conversation instead of making a speech

Your stock pitch presentation should open the floor for additional ideas, concerns, and questions. Once you express your investment idea and deliver the investment thesis, address any queries before moving on.

• Get ready for some Q&A

Extend the conversation at the end of the stock pitch. Be ready to answer any questions regarding the stock’s current price, the company’s quality, and the risks associated with this public company’s stock. Thorough research will be a great asset at this stage.

• Admit the gaps in your knowledge

Even the deepest investment research will not cover the whole picture. When stock pitching, prepare for questions you won’t have answers to. Acknowledge the inquirer and get back to them with the response after the stock pitch. This is significantly easier during written pitches, as you can research as you go.

What to avoid when making a stock pitch

So far, we’ve covered most of the stock pitch do’s. Now, it is only fair to mention the don’ts as well. Avoid the next three approaches to investment idea sourcing, whether you are participating in an undergraduate stock pitch competition or applying for an investment banking or hedge fund position. 

Quantitative screening

Quantitative screening is one of the rudimentary forms of volume analysis that relies on mathematical principles alone. Unlike relative valuation, this approach does not consider factors beyond the dry data, which results in substantial valuation inaccuracies. 

Moreover, predictions and trailing in technical analysis follow patterns that are too impractical compared to fundamentals.

Hedge funds might consider elements of quantitative screening in your stock pitch only if you back it up with substantial catalysts. 

Sell-side ideas

Sell-side analysts are too involved to deliver relevant data. What’s more, once the stock pitch idea is out, it quickly loses its P E value with the drop in originality. Take pitches from brokers with a pinch of salt and rely on your own research instead. 

Hedge funds’ public disclosures and hedge fund word-of-mouth

A hedge fund might also not be a very reliable idea source. For one, it is practically impossible to evaluate the actual state of every company’s quality and overall portfolio. Misinformation and generic ideas are the worst enemies of your stock pitch, so it is better to steer clear of them.

Stock pitch interview questions to research

As already mentioned, you must be ready to protect your investment opportunity pitch with information. Below are the examples of questions a hedge fund or any other buy-side interviewer can ask during or after your stock pitch.

• What techniques did you use to form your investment thesis?
• Why is this a good investment right now?
• What are the primary revenue drivers?
• What is the company’s market share?
• How does the company stand out from the competition?
• Who manages the company, and who serves on the board?
• What is the customers’ feedback about the company in general and on its recent products in particular?
• Is it possible that the company is undervalued due to the discounted value of its cash flows?
• Do you have any other stock pitches in the same or a different field?
• Why are you pitching this idea to me/our hedge fund?

Stock pitch: Final takeaways

The quality and consistency of stock pitches play a crucial role in forming market key drivers. To successfully pitch a stock, it is essential to cover all the contributing factors, from valuation metrics to potential return presentation.

The foundation of every effective pitch is a deep understanding of the investor and sufficient research. While it is virtually impossible to get ready for every question and concern, the more you know about the company background and performance, the higher chances your pitch has.

Finally, it is best to continuously explore the market and draft pitches on any interesting instrument. This will allow you to build confidence and credibility for any future presentations.

Other insights

What are SPAC warrants: Key points and considerations

Stock Pitch

A guide on how to approach one of Wall Street’s most ubiquitous assignments: the stock pitch.

What is a Stock Pitch?

Whether you’re involved in a finance club at your university or applying for a position at a hedge fund, individuals pursuing a career in finance have all more than likely come across the illustrious stock pitch.

A stock pitch, simply put, is a presentation or paper documenting your thesis as to whether a company is overvalued or undervalued. Supporting evidence is used to tell a narrative and ultimately guide the audience towards your investment recommendation to buy or short a stock.

Let’s look into the steps of building a successful stock pitch.

Before Putting Pen to Paper: Building a Credible Investment Thesis

Generate ideas through research.

An important first step in the process is doing the underlying research. Find an industry you are interested in or one that you think has structural tailwinds, and narrow in by screening for certain criteria (i.e. geography, revenue, market cap, etc.). 

Once you have a more targeted list, look through industry primers, news publications, research reports, company reports, and other available resources on the main companies in the industry.

What to look for:

• Competitors with an angle of differentiation.
• Catalysts that seem to be overlooked.
• Strong underlying business fundamentals that make for a clear and compelling argument.

Unless you have a strong background in the space, try to avoid companies in industries like Oil & Gas or Financial Institutions that have unique approaches to valuation, as this will create unnecessary complications in building out your analysis.

Determine an Investment Thesis

Once you have a target company in mind, it's important to lay the foundation behind your ideas. One thing to remember is that equities, in theory, are supposed to have all publicly available information priced into the stock. This simply means that the market has traded on the stock to reflect a price that captures what is known about the respective company.

Your investment thesis, then, is to set the stage for why you are convinced that the market is dislocated. What evidence is there to suggest that the institutional investors may have gotten it wrong?

While not exhaustive, here are a few areas around which your investment thesis may be driven:

• Strategic Shifts – A company’s decision to make systemic changes to its organization or operations creates uncertainty as to the credibility and confidence of change.
• Misinterpreted Growth Levers – Company developments (organic or inorganic) or its strategic positioning may be discounted in the market or viewed over-optimistically.
• Susceptibility to Macro Factors – Trends in the macroenvironment and/or the industry landscape may create opportunities for disruption or create unanticipated barriers to development and competitive differentiation.

As an example, when I worked on a stock pitch a few years ago for the company Sony , my pitch started off with the following overarching observation that helped to organize my thoughts and structure the presentation:

Sony’s reorientation of its business in 2012 reflected a monumental shift in the company’s vision towards key investment areas and product innovation. Innovations like the PS5 (set to be released in the following years) were not properly accounted for in future projections despite historical precedent for similar key mark product launches, as the company’s stock remained overshadowed by its legacy inability to adapt to technological advances.

How to Structure a Stock Pitch

The general structure of a stock pitch is relatively consistent across the board, broken down into the following sections:

• Investment Summary
• Industry & Company Overview
• Risks & Mitigants
• Final Recommendation

Section 1: Investment Summary

The investment summary serves to bring your ideas up front in a concise, punchy manner. Often covered over a single slide, include things like:

• Recommendation – The position you hold (buy or short), the target price of the stock, and the time horizon expected to achieve this price.
• Catalysts – The 3-4 drivers behind your belief that the stock price will change (analyzed more closely in the following slides).
• Valuation – The football field summary or median implied share derived from your valuation analyses and what this implies based on the current market price.
• Risks – The items that may pose a threat to your investment case so that the audience knows you’ve analyzed both sides of the story.

Section 2: Industry and Company Overview

In a movie, the industry and company overview would be the plot. The goal with these slides isn’t itself to sell your viewpoint, but more so to give context around the dynamics which help lend themselves to your recommendation.

Industry Overview Guidance Questions

• What are the trends today that you see?
• What does the competitive landscape look like?
• Where is there an opportunity for growth?

Company Overview Guidance Questions

• What is the history of the company (visuals like an annotated stock price chart can help to tell this story)?
• How is the company positioned in its market?
• What are the company's competitive advantages?

Section 3: Catalysts

If the investment thesis is the floor of a building, catalysts are the pillars. Here, you want to detail the near-term initiatives that the company plans to take which will support its capital appreciation. This may include:

• Product Launches
• Geographic Expansion
• Cost Optimization
• Acquisitions / Divestitures
• Leadership Change

Each catalyst should have its own dedicated page to fully explain how you see this as tangible evidence for business growth. This is the meat of your argument, so the key lies in the details of your observations.

Section 4: Risks & Mitigants

As an investor, it’s important to consider all cases, particularly those where things don’t turn out so rosy. With the risks and mitigants section, you are trying to show that you’ve considered there is a probability for downside, but after thoughtful consideration, the potential benefits outweigh the likelihood of these concerns manifesting.

Risks and mitigants are typically laid out on a single page, structured by noting the most relevant potential impediments to the business. This is followed with a few bullets per risk noting what the business is doing, in its strategy and day-to-day business operations, that help to alleviate the threat of this risk.

Example - Luxury Goods Company

Risk: Luxury goods revenue is dependent on a relatively small sales volume at high prices, which leaves its financial performance subject to broader economic conditions that may influence discretionary spending.

Mitigant: The company has relatively high pricing power to counteract potential decreases in sales. In addition, its end market of high-net-worth clients is insulated from recessionary periods that may influence the average consumer.

Section 5: Valuation

Likely the most direct part of the presentation, this section is where you lay out the outputs from your valuation exercises. For individual pages on comparable companies, precedent transactions, DCF, etc., you may want to include a few bullets on the assumptions underpinning your thought process. For example, the rationale as to why certain comps were selected.

Ultimately, however, you will want to create a football field to show what implied share price you derived across your valuation methodologies to determine where there is overlap and where your target share price shakes out.

To learn how to produce DCF, comparable companies, and precedent transaction models, check out our Complete Finance & Valuation Course .

Section 6: Final Recommendation

Similar to the Investment Summary, you want to iterate the main arguments of your pitch in your Final Recommendation. One difference is that you will want to place slightly more emphasis on what your analysis, both quantitative and qualitative, tells you. Synthesize what the market is missing and why your target price is justified.

Stock Pitch Tips

While there is no right or wrong view, there are a few general recommendations we think are important to consider when building out a stock pitch:

• Avoid Starting with a Name – Instead of starting off with a specific company in mind, use what you learn from your research to make an informed decision on your company selection and recommendation. This will avoid you falling into the problem of looking for justifications (as opposed to having compelling catalysts to begin with and working backward to select the company).
• Make Your Recommendation Differentiated – Try to avoid obvious choices for pitches, such as FAANG stocks. Not only will this more likely ensure that your views are seen as unique, but also helps to highlight your diligence in stock selection.
• Do the Work Behind the Scenes – In many cases, stock pitches will include a post-presentation Q&A, which will help to showcase who has done the bare minimum and who has gotten in the weeds of knowing the company beyond what is put on PowerPoint.
• Support Your Assumptions – For any projections included in analyses like a DCF, make sure you have an argument for assumptions.
• Stay True to Your Conviction – The last thing you want to do is finish your work and feel like you don’t have a strong case. Using the steps and tools mentioned in this article will help to steer you in the right direction.

Additional Resources

For full case study coverage on the stock pitch, check out our Complete Finance & Valuation Course and PowerPoint for Business & Finance Course which gives more light on the content and structure for a successful presentation.

Other Articles You May Find Helpful

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• My Goldman Sachs Investment Banking Resume
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Building a cash flow statement from scratch using a company income statement and balance sheet is one of the most fundamental finance exercises commonly used to test interns and full-time professionals at elite level finance firms.

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Stock Market Presentation Templates

Captivate your audience with compelling insights and data-driven visuals using our pre-made free stock market powerpoint templates and google slides themes. with visually stunning infographics, charts, and graphs, you can deliver impactful presentations, that will effectively communicate complex market concepts and share valuable information. try now.

Discover the Best Stock Market PowerPoint Templates and Google Slides Themes for Financial Experts!

The stock market stands out as a whirlwind of opportunity, challenges, and intricate details. At its core, it's a bustling marketplace where companies trade their shares. From the busy streets of Wall Street to the electric buzz of the Bombay Stock Exchange, traders, brokers, and investors constantly juggle numbers, forecasts, and strategies. To a novice, it might seem like a different world altogether. However, to those in the know, it's a dance of numbers, a song of predictions, and a play of strategies. But when you are trying to present stock market-related information, the success of your presentation often hinges on the clarity and appeal of your slides. This is where our slides are ready to help you out.

Slide Egg's Stock Market Presentation Templates:

Gone are the days of drab and dreary presentations. Slide Egg offers a range of stock market templates available for free download, designed to capture your audience's attention and ensure your message is clear, crisp, and compelling. Our slides breathe life into the complex world of stock trading, with stock market theme backgrounds that transport your viewers straight into the heart of the bustling trade floor.  We offer various themes like stock exchange intricacies, share market dynamics, stock market basics, detailed survey findings, Indian stock market nuances, predictive analysis, and much more. Our expansive collection ensures you have the right slide for the right moment.

What Makes Our Slides Stand Out?

Our slides aim to be the silent partner, enhancing and amplifying your message, making sure it's not just heard but also remembered.

• Editable Slides: Our slides aren’t just one-size-fits-all. They’re crafted to be easily adjustable, ensuring each presentation can be fine-tuned to fit your unique needs and audience. Want to change a color, adjust a shape, or add your branding? Go right ahead! 
• Creative Infographics: Our slides will transform complex data into visually appealing graphics that drive understanding and engagement. Every infographic will tell a story!
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• Engaging Graphs & Arrows: Our graphs are meticulously designed to make your data jump off the slide and into the minds of your viewers. Using arrows effectively can guide your audience's eyes, making sure they focus on what truly matters.
• Forex Charts: Forex can be complex, but our charts simplify the narrative, providing a clear snapshot of currency movements and trends. It ensures that you’re always presenting the most up-to-date information.
• Bear vs. Bull: The age-old battle between pessimism (Bear) and optimism (Bull) in markets is now visually represented, helping audiences instantly grasp market sentiments. These visual aids provide an instant, recognizable cue, ensuring complex market dynamics are instantly understood.

In a nutshell, the clarity and appeal of your slides can mean the difference between a successful pitch and a missed opportunity. So, don't leave your presentation to chance. Choose Slide Egg's stock market slides for assured success. In the stock market, it's often said, "The trend is your friend." With Slide Egg, let trendsetting, engaging, and visually captivating slides be your allies in your next big presentation!

We're here to help you!

What is stock market.

The stock market is a public market where stocks and other securities are bought and sold. It is a collection of exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq, where stocks and other securities are traded.

What are Stock Market Presentation Templates?

Stock Market Presentation Templates are pre-designed slides and presentation templates used in Microsoft PowerPoint to help presenters create presentations about the stock market. These template designs include stock charts, stock market trends, stock trading strategies, stock exchange information, and other related topics.

Where can we use these Stock Market Slides?

Anyone can use these Stock Market Slides in presentations to illustrate the performance of stocks or compare the performance of different stores or markets. You could also use them in classrooms to educate students on the basics of the stock market.

How can I make Stock Market PPT Slides in a presentation?

Begin by researching the stock market and gathering relevant information for your presentation. Including graphs, charts and tables can help explain the data in your report and make it easier for the audience to understand. Suppose you want to create slides by yourself. Visit Tips and tricks for detailed instructions.

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Anyone who needs to create a presentation about stock market topics or related topics can benefit from using stock market PPT templates. These slides are used by investors, financial advisors, educators, and business professionals.

Why do we need Stock Market Presentation Slides?

Stock market presentation slides help to create a visual representation of market performance, offering a clearer picture of the market for investors and traders. They can help illustrate important stock market concepts and events and provide an opportunity to show current market trends.

Where can I find free Stock Market PPT Templates?

Many websites offer free Stock Market PPT templates. Slide egg is one of the best PowerPoint providers. Our websites have uniquely designed templates that allow you to explain the company’s financial performance.

15 Tips for Presenting Impressive Stock Pitches

If you survey a room of 100 people and ask them to self-evaluate their professional skills, the vast majority will say they are “above average.”  This unworkable math has been studied by psychologists who find the human mind is hard-wired to overestimate our abilities, possibly as a survival technique dating back to our caveman days.  Unfortunately, too many equity research analysts assume they’re great presenters, which runs counter to the scores of evaluations I’ve seen and heard over the years from portfolio managers and institutional salespeople.  As much as it might seem like common sense to present an idea to others, it’s actually quite complex…if you want to get it right.  Preparing for an 18-minute TED talk can take hours or even days in order to deliver in a way that will resonate with the audience.

I’m not suggesting analysts should spend days preparing for each stock pitch, but it should involve thoughtful preparation, even for experienced analysts.  To help break down these best practices, I’ve summarized them under 1) Content, 2) Slides and 3) Delivery.

I’m not suggesting analysts should spend days preparing for each stock pitch, but it should involve thoughtful preparation

• To ensure your presentation is clear, thorough and concise, create an outline first (you may want to use PowerPoint’s “outline” view found on the “View” ribbon to make it seamless in building your presentation)
• Remember the presentation isn’t to show how much you know, but rather to provide the audience the insights they need to make an investment decision . This philosophy can cut a 30-minute presentation down to 3 minutes.  The audience will ask questions if they need background.
• A ware: Make others aware of alternative scenarios and views, as well as adjustments to your thesis
• D ifferentiated: Explain how you differ from the consensus thinking about the stock and its catalyst(s)
• V alidated: Support your out-of-consensus view with independent research
• C onclusion-oriented: Be conclusive about stocks and their catalysts (the first slide should start with a conclusion)
• E asy to Consume: Make it easy for others to consume by avoiding highly-specific jargon, complicated charts and dense tables of numbers
• Start with your conclusion, which should be stock-specific (e.g. becoming more/less bullish, upgrading/downgrading, raising/lowering estimates)
• Show the price target math
• Your financial forecast; and/or
• Valuation multiple/method
• Research to support the out-of-consensus view mentioned above
• Quantify how much your forecast or valuation differs from consensus (how much upside is due to your out-of-consensus view)
• When and why will consensus adopt your view?
• What could go wrong?

* When quantifying the unique FaVeS™ element above, it’s often much better to show comparisons of new estimates vs. prior estimates or vs. consensus in a table format such as below:

• Use your firm’s slide template, if one exists. If not, create one that has the same header, footer, and font throughout
• Do not have more than five lines of text per slide
• The font size should be easily readable for everyone in the room (or for viewing online) — at least 14 point, and preferably larger, which shouldn’t be a problem if you’re following the “5 line max” rule directly above
• Let pictures and easy-to-read charts tell as much of the story as possible. Do this by breaking up the text with relevant images and exhibits. Places to find good stock photos include iStock , com , and Adobe Stock . With this said, avoid graphics that do not help convey or reinforce your message (e.g. background clipart, irrelevant images, etc.)
• Include video if it’s critical for conveying your point, but understand it adds technical complexity, which raises the odds of a technical glitch
• If others in your firm will likely find value in the slides, save the presentation on a company network
• Avoid the mistakes mentioned in “ Death by PowerPoint ” (if the link breaks, search the web for “Death by PowerPoint” by Alexei Kapterev)
• If portions of the presentation will likely be made again and it relies on market data (such as a sell-side marketing deck), set it up to automatically link to a market data feed. This can be a big time saver, but requires the slides be manually reviewed before each presentation to ensure the data updated correctly and is consistent with the text
• Rather than read slides verbatim, use them to accentuate or support the points where you provide greater elaboration or an anecdote
• Don’t use your slides as a lazy man’s speaker notes. Use PowerPoint’s “presenter” view or Keynote’s “presenter” display so you can see your notes while the audience sees your slides (search YouTube for videos that provide a brief tutorial on how to use)
• Practice, practice, practice so you’re not reading your notes verbatim, which tends to be slow and often lowers the confidence level you convey to your audience. The more important the presentation, the more you should practice
• Get to the meeting room at least 15 minutes early and ensure everything is working correctly (at least 20% of the time when I’m presenting, I discover something that needs to be adjusted in the room). Use a microphone if it’s available (nobody will complain if you use one but they may not understand you if you don’t)
• In general, speak at the maximum speed that will be understood by most of the participants (slow down if your audience is made up of individuals who do not speak your language as proficiently as you)
• Slow down to make important points, and speed up to convey enthusiasm
• Lower the tone of your voice to demonstrate confidence
• If in person, convey the right body language (research has shown that 65% to 93% of the message delivered can be nonverbal…which is why practice is so important)
• Be energetic
• Make good eye contact
• Maintain good posture
• Don’t cross your hands or legs
• Smile, if appropriate
• Stand up if presenting to more than five people

None of this is rocket science which is probably why so many analysts consider presenting skills as innate, something you either have or you don’t.  But based on my experience, working with thousands of analysts around the world, it’s clear that the best presentation skills can be learned, even by experienced analysts.

This Best Practices Bulletin™ targets #4. Motivate Others to Act , of GAMMA PI™, within our Pathway to Success Framework .

Let me know if this Best Practices Bulletin™ helps and how I can improve upon this best practice. If you’re interested in presenting your ideas more effectively, AnalystSolutions provides equity research training with a specialized workshop to help:  Communicate Unique Stock Calls Successfully So Others Take Action .

Improve you or your team’s stock picking and communication skills with our equity research analyst training tools, which includes workshops such as the one above, as well as our GAMMA PI™ assessment and one-on-one coaching .  Also, consider ordering the book that inspired the founding of AnalystSolutions and the Best Practices Bulletin: Best Practices for Equity Research Analysts .

Visit our new Resource Center to find more helpful articles, reference cards, and advice towards your growth as an Equity Research Analyst.

©AnalystSolutions LLP All rights reserved.  James J. Valentine, CFA  is author of  Best Practices for Equity Research Analysts , founder of  AnalystSolutions  and was a top-ranked equity research analyst for ten consecutive years

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How to Prepare a Successful Investor Pitch Deck and Presentation

The investor pitch is one of the most important tools an entrepreneur has for raising capital. It is no secret that a successful investor pitch can make or break your chances of securing funding for your business venture. 

As an entrepreneur, you only have a limited amount of time to make a good impression on potential investors. Unfortunately, many entrepreneurs fail to prepare a successful pitch, resulting in missed opportunities and wasted time.

In this guide, we will cover everything you need to know to prepare a successful investor pitch deck and presentation. We will discuss topics such as what information should be included in your pitch, how to structure your presentation, and how to effectively deliver your message. By following the advice in this guide, you will be well on your way to impressing potential investors and securing the funding you need for your business venture.

One of the most important aspects of a successful investor pitch is the content. 

Your pitch should include information about your business model, your competitive landscape, and your financial projections. In addition, you will need to address any concerns that investors may have about your business. For example, if you are pitching a new technology product, you will need to explain why consumers will want to use it and how you plan on marketing it effectively. If you are pitching a new app or service, you need to explain what problem it solves and why people would be willing to pay for it. 

The key is to provide enough information so that investors can understand your business and see the potential for growth but not so much that they get bogged down in the details. The best pitches strike a balance between being informative and concise.

Content Structure

A typical structure we recommend to entrepreneurs includes the following

• Executive summary : The executive summary should be a one-page overview of your business that includes your company’s mission statement, a brief description of your products or services, and an overview of your target market.
• The problem : This describes the issue that your product or service is attempting to solve. Also, you should describe who faces this problem,how it is currently being dealt with today, and the shortcomings and costs of existing solutions.
• Your solution : This is where you describe the solution you will offer for the problem your potential customers currently face. 
• Your team : Highlight the team behind your product and their qualifications to be trusted in handling your project.
• The market size : Talk about the size of the industry you’re serving and its projected growth.
• Traction : What milestones have you achieved so far? Traction is the measurable demonstration of your business’s ability to solve the problem combined with the proof of the business’s potential to grow over time.
• Competition: How does the competitive landscape. What are your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats vis-a-vis your competitors?
• Financial statement : This is where you include your financial models, income statement, cash flow forecast, and balance sheet.
• Your long-term future plans : These are your next steps. It explains what your plans are for future funding and how these funds will be used to continue your business growth.
• FAQ : The final section should be reserved for frequently asked questions. This allows you to answer any lingering questions that the investors may have about your business venture.

Let's probe into each of these in more detail.

Executive Summary

This is a one-page overview of your business that includes your company’s mission statement, a brief description of your products or services, and an overview of your target market. 

The purpose of the executive summary is to give investors a zoomed-out view of your business so that they can quickly decide if it is something they are interested in.

It should be clear, concise, and free from any unnecessary jargon or technical terms. The executive summary should be visually appealing and easy to read; bullet points are often helpful in this regard. Finally, you want to make sure it leaves potential investors wanting more by providing just enough information to pique their interest without giving away too much detail about your business plan.

Remember when crafting your own executive summary, the goal is to give investors a quick and easy way to understand what your business is all about. Keep it short, and free of any unnecessary fluff.

One great historic example of an executive summary is from Ronald Wayne, the third co-founder of Apple . In 1976, he wrote up a one-page agreement that summarized the key points about the new company. The document included information such as the name of the company (Apple Computer Company), its address (360 N Virginia St.), and its purpose (“To develop and sell personal computers.”)

It also listed out each founder’s roles and responsibilities within the company. 

While this executive summary was short and to-the-point, it provided enough information for investors to understand what Apple was all about and see potential in investing in the young startup.

You, too, can use the executive summary to give investors a quick overview of your business and what makes it unique.

By including key information such as your company’s mission statement, a brief description of your products or services, and an overview of your target market, you will be well on your way to preparing a successful investor pitch.

The next piece of information you need to include in your investor pitch is the problem that your product or service is solving.

The Problem

This should describe the issue that your potential customers are facing and how it is currently being dealt with. In addition, you will want to show investors why your solution is better than any existing alternatives. 

For example, if you are pitching a new app that helps people save money on groceries, you would want to describe the current methods people use for grocery shopping (such as clipping coupons or comparison shopping) and how they often fall short (such as not knowing which coupons are available or taking too much time comparing prices).

You would then explain how your app solves these problems by providing users with personalized recommendations for where they can find the best deals on groceries. By showing investors how your product solves a specific problem in a more effective way than existing solutions, you will be one step closer to impressing them and securing funding for your business venture.

When Peter Thiel was pitching PayPal to potential investors, he focused on the problem that people were facing with online payments. At the time, there were no safe and convenient ways to pay for goods and services online.

This created a major pain point for consumers as well as businesses who were trying to sell products or services online. Thiel’s solution was PayPal, which allowed users to securely send and receive money using only an email address. By focusing on the problem that people were facing with online payments, Thiel was able to show potential investors why his solution was needed and how it would revolutionize the way people interact with businesses online.

What problem is your product or service solving? 

How does it compare to existing solutions? 

By answering these questions, you will be able to craft a convincing argument for why investors should believe in your business and fund your venture.

When describing the problem your product or service solves, it can be helpful to use what is known as the “job-to-be-done” framework. 

This framework was popularized by Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen and focuses on understanding the underlying reasons why people purchase a particular product or service.

For example, when someone buys a drill, they are not actually buying the drill itself but rather the “job” that they need to get done (such as drilling a hole in their wall). 

By understanding the job that your potential customers are trying to get done, you will be better equipped to position your product or service as the best solution for them.

After describing the problem, now is your chance to show investors how your product or service solves the pain points that you have previously described.

The Solution

This is an opportunity for you to describe the solution to the problem your potential customers currently face. 

So, if you are pitching a new money-saving app for those purchasing groceries, you would want to explain how your app provides users with personalized recommendations for where they can find the best deals on groceries. 

When Mark Zuckerberg was pitching Facebook to potential investors, he focused on its unique ability to connect people online in a way that had never been done before. He explained how Facebook allows users to stay connected with their friends and family members no matter where they are in the world.

Zuckerberg also talked about how businesses could use Facebook as a platform to reach out directly to consumers and build relationships with them (something that was not possible with traditional advertising methods). By focusing on its unique ability to connect people online, he was able to highlight why Facebook deserved investment despite being just another social networking site at a time when there were already many established players such as MySpace.

Describe how your solution addresses the problem your potential customers currently face.

This is your chance to show investors how your product or service solves the pain points that you have previously described. 

Two key questions to ask yourself (and answer) are: a) what makes my product or service unique? And b) how does it solve the problem in a better way than existing solutions? 

Remember that when describing the solution, you want to focus on how your product or service is uniquely positioned to solve a specific problem. 

Tips for Presenting your Solution: 

• Keep it simple : The solution should be easy for investors to understand. Avoid using any technical jargon or terms that they may not be familiar with.
• Be specific : Describe exactly how your product or service solves the problem in a better way than existing solutions.
• Focus on the benefits : Explain how your product or service will make life easier for potential customers and why they would want to use it over existing alternatives.
• Paint a picture : Use visuals to help investors visualize how your product or service works. A demo video can be especially helpful in this regard. Make it tangible.
• Address any concerns : If there are any potential concerns that investors may have about your product or service, make sure to address them head-on. For example, if you are pitching a new technology product, you will need to explain how you will achieve the technological edge over your competitors, why consumers will want to use your solution and how you plan on marketing it effectively.

Let's now talk about the team behind your product and their qualifications to be trusted in handling your project. 

This is your chance to show investors that you have assembled an A team of qualified individuals who are passionate about solving the problem that your product or service addresses. 

For example, if you are pitching a new app that helps people save money on groceries, you would want to include information such as the experience of your team members in fields such as grocery-chain veterans, software development, user experience design, and marketing.

Some key points to keep in mind when crafting this part of your presentation include:

• Keep it short: You only have a limited amount of time to make an impression on potential investors so make sure not to bog them down with too many details about each team member’s background. Instead focus on highlighting their most important credentials and why those credentials make them well-suited for working on this particular project. 30 to 45 seconds for every key team member should suffice, and no more than 4 highlighted individuals.
• Focus on diverse backgrounds: Potential investors will often look favorably upon teams with diverse backgrounds as it shows that different perspectives are being represented
• Highlight Awards & Recognition: Be sure to mention any major awards or recognition

Take some time to think about the different backgrounds and skillsets that your team members bring to the table. Then, highlight why those credentials make them well-suited for working on this particular project.

The Market Size

It can be helpful to provide some context around why this particular market is growing or changing. For example, an increase in online shopping due to Covid-19. Show investors that there is a large potential customer base for your product or service and explain why this market is attractive.

A couple of questions you should answer are:

• How big is the total addressable market for your product or service?
• Is this particular market growing or changing (and if so, why)? 

Consider the following resources when researching the size of your market:

• Industry reports : These can be helpful in understanding the overall size and growth of a particular market. For example, if you are pitching a new app for pet owners, you could look at industry reports such as the American Pet Products Association’s “Pet Owners Survey” to learn more about this market. Also consider websites like statista.com, pewsocialtrends.org , edisonresearch.com
• Government data : Websites like census.gov can provide useful information on population trends that might impact the potential customer base for your product or service. Consider websites like census.gov and usa.gov/statistics
• Secondary research : In addition to industry reports and government data, there are a number of other sources that can provide helpful insights into the size of your target market. These include trade associations, market research firms, and business directories. Consider websites like nasdaq.com , www.dnb.com, marketsandmarkets.com , bcg.com

Traction is a measure of your business’s growth and momentum within the market you are addressing. It can be helpful to think of traction as the “proof” that your business is working and that there is customer demand for your product or service.

There are a number of different ways to measure traction, but some common metrics include pilots, numbers and names of customers, revenue growth, user growth, and engagement metrics. 

Some other metrics could include marketing campaigns (and their success), press coverage (the more prestigious the media outlet - the better), brand mentions on tweets and big-shots that have tweeted about your idea or company, testimonials, subscribers, and more. 

Including information about your business’s traction in your investor pitch can be helpful in convincing potential investors that now is the right time to invest in your company. After all, if you can show them that you have already achieved significant growth with limited resources, they will likely be more interested in supporting your venture moving forward. 

How do you go about including this information in your presentation? 

Start by focusing on one or two key metrics that best demonstrate the momentum behind your business. Then provide context around these numbers by explaining what they mean and why they are important. For example, if you are pitching a new app for pet owners and have seen strong revenue growth over the past six months, highlight this trend by showing investors a graph depicting this increase over time. You could then explain why this uptick is important (perhaps pet ownership has increased during Covid-19) and how it positions your company for continued success in the future.

Imagine you are pitching a new social media platform to potential investors.

One way to showcase the traction behind your business would be to include information about the number of users who have signed up for your platform, as well as how much time they are spending on the site each day.

You could also highlight any partnerships you have formed with other businesses or influencers and mention any press coverage you have received. All of this information will help show potential investors that your business is gaining momentum and has what it takes to be successful in the long run.

The Competition

Be sure to address the competition in your investor pitch. This will show that you have done your homework and are aware of the other companies in your industry. Reviewing your competition openly will give you an opportunity to discuss why you believe your company is better positioned for success than others. If you come to the conclusion that you don’t have any direct competitors, it may be that investors who hear this might decide that you have not performed your due diligence and will decline to back your business.

There are a few key points you’ll want to hit when discussing the competition in your investor pitch:

• Competitive landscape: Provide an overview of the competitive landscape. Consider all the products similar to yours in the market, and all the companies that solve similar problems to the one you are addressing. List your key competitors, and what they've done to succeed. Include a brief description of each competitor and their respective market share. Investors will be particularly interested in hearing customers' complaints about your competitors' products. 
• Your uniqueness: Discuss what makes your company unique and better positioned for success than others. This could be anything from a new technology you have developed to a more efficient production process. 
• Threats: Don’t forget to mention any potential threats that could impact your business down the road such as new entrants into the market or changes in consumer preferences.

Including this information in your presentation will show investors that you have taken the time to research the industry and understand where your company fits within it.

We recommend using a competitive analysis framework to help you organize your thoughts and gather the relevant information to include in your pitch. One great framework to use is known as the Five Forces framework. 

The Five Forces is a tool created by economist Michael E. Porter that can be used to assess the competitive intensity of an industry and the corresponding attractiveness of opportunities within that industry. The five forces are:

• Threat of new entrants : How easy is it for new firms to enter the market and compete against existing firms? (e.g., high barriers to entry)
• Bargaining power of buyers : How much negotiating leverage do buyers have when purchasing products from suppliers in the industry? ( e. g., few buyers, switching costs)
• Bargaining power of suppliers : How much negotiating leverage do suppliers have when selling inputs to firms in the industry? ( e. g., many supplier options, differentiated products)
• The threat posed by substitute products : What alternatives do customers have if they decide not to purchase your product? (e.g., close substitutes, low switching costs)
• Intensity of competitive rivalry : How intense is competition among existing firms in this market?

The Five Forces framework can help you identify which areas of the industry are most attractive for opportunities and where there may be more competition. By taking the time to assess the competitive landscape prior to pitching your business, you will be better prepared to discuss why your company has what it takes to succeed in spite of any challenges that exist.

One critical question to address during this part of your investors deck is - what is your moat? A moat is a competitive advantage that makes it difficult for other companies to compete against you. This could be anything from a loyal customer base to patents or proprietary technology. When assessing your company’s moat, ask yourself the following questions:

• What does my company have that others don’t? 
• How hard would it be for another firm to replicate what I have built? 
• What are the costs associated with replicating my business model? 
• What switching costs do my customers face if they decide to leave me for another supplier?

To assess your company’s moat, you will need to spend some time researching your industry and looking at what others are doing. Once you have a good understanding of the landscape, you can begin to identify areas where you may have an advantage over others.

Financial Statement

The next step is to provide potential investors with an overview of your financial situation. This should include information such as your current revenue, expenses, and burn rate (the rate at which you are spending money). 

In addition, it is often helpful to include a short-term and long-term forecast of your finances so that investors can see how you expect your business to grow over time.

Think of your financial statement as a snapshot of your company’s health. For example, if you are currently generating $1 million in annual revenue but anticipate doubling this figure within the next year, be sure to mention this on your financial statement slide. 

By providing potential investors with a clear picture of your current financial situation as well as where you expect things to be in the future, they will be able to get a better sense of whether or not investing in your company is a wise decision.

Remember when crafting your financial statement that the goal is to provide potential investors with a clear picture of your current financial situation as well as where you expect things to be in the future. Warren Buffet is famously quoted as saying, “If you can’t write it down on one page, I don’t want to hear about it.” Buffett understands that by looking at the numbers, he can get a clear picture of a company’s financial health and make more informed investment decisions. As an entrepreneur, you should take a page out of Buffett’s book and make sure that your financial statement is clear, concise, and easy for potential investors to understand. 

We suggest the following format for your financial statement:

• Income Statement : Showing revenues, expenses, and profits over a period of time
• Balance Sheet : Showing what the company owns (assets) and owes (liabilities) at a specific point in time
• Cash Flow Statement : Showing how cash is moving in and out of the business over a period of time.

Terms of the Round

The financial plan is a critical component of your investor pitch deck. This section will give investors a clear idea of your business’s financial situation, including your current revenues and expenses, as well as your projected revenues and expenses for the future.

In addition, the financial plan should include information on how you intend to use any funding that you are seeking from investors. For example, if you are looking for $1 million in funding, what specific purposes will this money be used for? 

Will it be used to hire new employees? To launch a new marketing campaign? To open up a new office location? Be sure to include these details in your financial plan.

Some key elements you will want to include in your financial plan are:

• Amount you’re seeking, amount of equity you are giving away and conditions
• Use of proceeds: how you intend to use the investment money
• A detailed description of how you intend to generate revenue
• Your short-term and long-term business goals
• A breakdown of your costs and expenses
• A valuation assessment of your company
• Current cap table
• Shares outstanding pre-money and post-money
• Funding source for previous rounds

A well thought out financial plan will give investors confidence that you have a clear understanding of your business model and how you intend to generate revenue. It will also demonstrate that you have put serious thought into the feasibility of your business idea and its potential for long term success.

Your Long-term Future Plans

You will also want to include some information about your long-term plans for the company. 

This is important because it shows investors that you are thinking ahead and have a vision for where you see the business going. 

It can be helpful to include things such as long term product pipeline, milestone syou hope to achieve, projected financials (revenue, expenses, etc.)

We recommend addressing the following items when presenting your long-term plans:

• Plan of action
• Sources of revenue, projected sales, margins
• Profitability forecasts
• Balance sheet projection
• Growth and opportunity timeline
• Impact of team expansion on cash flow
• Exit strategy

Plan of Action

Your plan of action is a high-level overview of the steps you will take to achieve your long-term goals. It should include things such as when you plan on launching new products, expanding into new markets, or hiring additional staff.

Include information about your projected sales and margins for the next few years. This will give investors an idea of how much revenue you expect to generate and what kind of profit margin they can expect from investing in your company. It is also important to include any assumptions that you are making about future sales (e.g., market growth rate, product pricing). Being transparent about your projections will help build trust with your investors.

Exit Strategy

An exit strategy is a plan for how (and to whom) you may sell your company or when you plan to offer it on the public market. This information is important because it helps investors understand what they can expect from investing in your business. It shows that you have thought about the future of the company and have a plan in place for when it is time to capitalize on the initial investment. There are many different types of exit strategies, so be sure to include the one that makes the most sense for your business. Some common examples include selling the company to a larger company or taking it public through an IPO.. 

Discussing your exit strategy shows that you have thought about your investors’ interests and that their investment will generate more value down the road, and not just help you to keep the lights on for another month.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Make time in your investors' pitch to allow for questions and be prepared to answer them, even if the question is not directly relevant. It shows that you're truly interested in what they think and care about their input. While it's nearly impossible to predict every question an investor may ask you, prepare for some of the most common questions that were not covered in your pitch:

• How did you come up with the idea for your business?
• Why do you believe your team is qualified to execute on this opportunity?
• What are your unit economics?
• How have you validated your market opportunity?
• Describe your competitive landscape and how you plan to differentiate yourself in the market.
• When do you anticipate reaching profitability?
• What are the biggest risks and challenges facing your business?
• How did you come up with your valuation?
• Have you had any conversations with potential acquirers?
• How much money are you looking to raise and for what purpose?
• Do you have any existing relationships with potential investors?

Consider these questions and prepare to answer them with confidence.

Now you know the critical ingredients you should prepare for your pitch. 

Before we let you go, here are a few key tips to delivering an effective presentation. Remember - content is only half of the ingredients of a successful pitch.

Presentation Tips

If you were making a cake, the content would be the ingredients, and how you mix them together and bake them would be your presentation skills. Here are a few key tips:

• Practice, practice, practice - A successful investor pitch requires careful planning and execution in order to convince investors to provide funding for your startup. Knowing your material cold is not enough; it is important to rehearse your delivery daily so you come across as polished and professional. Preparing well will allow free you from the dreadful reading from your slides or notes.
• Start strongly - Grab investors' attention from the beginning with a compelling story or statistic that will make them want to hear more.
• Be clear and concise - Use simple language that can be understood by everyone in the room, and get to the point quickly without beating around the bush. Being concise is so important that, perhaps somewhat ironically, Y Combinator partner Kevin Hale speaks about the importance of this point for seven whole minutes in his outstanding lecture about pitching startups .
• Be passionate - Show excitement about your business and market opportunity; you're trying to convince others to believe in your vision!
• Visuals matter - Use high-quality visuals (e charts, graphs, photos) throughout your presentation to support your points; slides should complement what you're saying, not repeat it verbatim.
• Do not read off your slides - This is a surefire way to lose investors' attention. Instead, use your slides as a guide and speak extemporaneously about the topics you've prepared.
• Be prepared for questions - Have answers ready for commonly asked questions about your business and industry. Be sure to answer each question thoroughly but concisely; if you don't know the answer to a question, be honest and say so.
• Speak slowly and clearly - An investor presentation is not the time to speed up your talking or try out a new vocal fry.
• Make eye contact - With each person in the room, if possible. This will help you come across as sincere and trustworthy.
• Smile! - A genuine smile goes a long way in making a good impression; it makes you appear more likable and creates a positive association with your business in investors' minds.
• Avoid filler words such as “um” or “like“   -  Using filler words makes you come across as nervous and unprepared, two qualities that will not instill confidence in investors.
• Dress the part - First impressions matter, so be sure to dress professionally in clothing that is clean and wrinkle-free. This shows that you're taking the pitch seriously and are respectful of investors' time.
• End on a strong note - Thank investors for their time and interest, then provide a brief overview of your key points to leave them with a lasting impression of your business.

One Final Tip...

Always follow up. After the pitch, be sure to send a thank-you note or email to each investor. You can use this interaction to send answers to questions you didn’t have the answer to during the presentation. 

This not only shows your appreciation and professionalism, but also keeps you top of mind in case they have any additional questions or are interested in investing.

Follow these tips, and you'll be well on your way to delivering a successful investor pitch and securing the funding you need to grow your business.

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How to Pitch a Stock

By Ivy Wang |

 Reviewed By Rebecca Baldridge |

November 1, 2022

What is a Stock Pitch?

A stock pitch is essentially a summary of an investment recommendation. It can take multiple forms, but usually it is a brief write-up or presentation that summarizes whether or not an investment in a public company’s shares is likely to be profitable.

A stock pitch should recommend the position an investor should take and why. The defining aspect of an effective stock pitch is extensive research into all aspects of the company, supported by a strong investment thesis, data and analysis, valuation metrics, catalysts, and a risk assessment section.

Stock pitches can be used in buy-side interviews, networking, investment clubs, investment competitions, personal investing, and of course on the job as a professional investor.

Key Learning Points

• A stock pitch summarizes an investment idea, whether long or short.
• Stock pitches can be used for buy-side interviews, networking, investment clubs and competitions, personal investing, and on the job as an investor.
• The classic structure that a stock pitch should follow includes: stock recommendation, company overview, investment thesis, catalyst, valuation and returns, risks, and mitigating factors.
• A good stock pitch will articulate the investment thesis to investors in a concise and convincing manner.

Stock pitch report template

Stocks can be pitched to clients in numerous ways, and it is the job of salespeople to help determine the most effective method for pitching, based on the particular client and their specific objectives. When making a stock pitch, salespeople are advised to follow this classic structure:

Stock Recommendation

The recommendation is also known as the analyst forecast or consensus. This projects the stock price movement based on facts and market knowledge including company value, targeted share price, and estimated share price. It can help salespeople decide whether investing in a particular company is a good idea and if so, whether to go long or short.

Company Overview

A brief description of the company’s business model and its appeal. This mainly includes the company’s position in its industry, its product portfolio, differentiation points, business segments, geographical exposure, competitors, customers, and suppliers.

Investment Thesis

An investment thesis should explain why a stock is a good investment by defining the value of the stock in the portfolio. The thesis should be motivated by the idea that the stock is currently mispriced, usually as a result of the market underappreciating or not yet incorporating certain information into the stock price. While there are many underlying reasons that can support and form the basis of an investment thesis, there are three common factors, including sustainable competitive advantage, macroeconomic and industry tailwinds, and strategy.

Catalysts are any upcoming factors or informational events that the salesperson believes will drive the stock price, thus justifying the investment thesis. Information about the impact of these catalysts is not yet incorporated into the stock price, offering an opportunity for significant gains as stocks can remain undervalued for a long period of time. The catalysts can be almost anything, such as earnings reports, brokerage reports, macroeconomic factors, or other corporate announcements.

Valuation and returns

Stock valuation involves calculating a stock’s fair value in order to determine whether a stock is currently under- or overvalued. In determining the fair price, the investment thesis should inform every assumption made regarding the company’s earnings and risk profile. For a long-term recommendation, the salesperson should demonstrate that the stock is undervalued. For example, if the stock is trading at $25 right now but valuation suggests that the stock is worth $40, it’s undervalued and likely to be a buy.  For a short recommendation, the salesperson should show why the stock is overvalued.

Risk Factors and How to Mitigate Them

Investment risks refer to the range of possibilities that could cause an investment to lose some or all of its value. To ensure appropriate risk-return assessments, the stock pitch must identify the underlying types of investment risk . The highest risks to an investment thesis are those that are unknown. Risks must then be assessed against potential returns to allow investors to assess whether the rewards are worth the risk.

Stock Pitch Interview Example

The interview “stock pitch” is usually a 10–15-minute discussion about a specific public company . The first 2-3 minutes should include an introduction and the overall thesis, while the remaining 10 minutes usually include a conversation between you and the interviewer or a Q&A session to discuss the merits of a potential investment.

Whether you’re interested in asset management, capital markets, or investment banking, there is a high likelihood that you will encounter the ‘pitch me a stock’ question in an interview, as stock pitches are important elements of many types of buy-side interviews. It will be difficult to give a substantial, well-researched answer without prior preparation. Even if you do have a company in mind, not having a clear structure is likely to result in failure.

In an interview, the key is to demonstrate a deep understanding of the company and present a thoughtful thesis. Moreover, brevity is also crucial in an interview, where candidates need to spend just a few sentences summarizing all significant information in each section of the pitch.

How to Organize a Mock Stock Competition

Stock pitches in competitions are all about persuasiveness, and are generally long-form pitches with the support of PowerPoint presentations and visual aids. They can last anywhere from a few minutes to half an hour. All knowledge about industry trends, business models, competitive landscape, valuations and calculations, and analysis of risks should be included to convince investors that the idea is sound.

For example, in a stock pitch competition, you will be tasked with analyzing a company and making recommendations to buy, sell, or hold the stock. On the day of the competition, you will be given a list of companies from which to choose one company to research and write a max 2-page investment report.

A stock pitch can take multiple forms but is usually a short memo or presentation recommending investment in a stock. It should discuss why an investment should be made. Stock pitches are effective vehicles for assessing both investment judgment and communication skills. Stock pitches can be used in many scenarios including buy-side interviews, networking, investment clubs, and competitions. They should be concise and follow the classic structure.

Now you have created a successful stock pitch, prepare for a successful interview with the investment banking interview skills course . Learn what to expect, how to prepare, how to make a great first impression, and how to answer the five key question types. Prepare your story, understand how to discuss your fit, demonstrate your knowledge, and answer brainteasers, and technical questions – with live examples.

Additional Resources

Everything You Need to Know about Investment Banking Spring Weeks

How a Deal Team Works in Investment Banking

Investment Banking Courses

Investment Banking Interview Skills

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Investing in the Stock Market Pitch Deck

Investing in the stock market pitch deck presentation, free google slides theme and powerpoint template.

Need a stock market-related pitch deck for your company to go public or for you to propose an investment scheme? Here you go! This chic Google Slides and PowerPoint template comes not only in professional white, creams and browns but with AI-generated content that makes the placeholders extra helpful and shows you the most important points of the pitch. The timeline, organizational chart, roadmap, graphs and infographics are fully editable for endless possibilities. Download and make your pitch extraordinary!

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Wall Street debut of Trump’s Truth Social network could net him stock worth billions on paper

The Truth Social account for former President Donald Trump is seen on a mobile device, Wednesday, March 20, 2024, in New York. Trump’s Truth Social looks set to hit Wall Street in a move that could give him stock worth billions of dollars on paper. But the former president likely can’t cash it out right away, unless some things change. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

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NEW YORK (AP) — The Wall Street debut of Donald Trump’s Truth Social network could give him stock worth billions of dollars on paper. But the former president probably will not be able to cash it out right away, unless some things change.

The longer-term outlook for the business is highly questionable. Trump’s company has said it expects to continue losing money for a while, and at least one expert says it’s likely worth far less than the stock market suggests.

Trump’s pending return to Wall Street comes down to a vote scheduled for Friday by shareholders of a company named Digital World Acquisition Corp., which at the moment is essentially just a pile of cash. The corporation hopes to merge with Trump Media & Technology Group, the company behind Truth Social that goes by TMTG. If the shareholders approve the deal, TMTG could soon see its stock trading on the Nasdaq in Digital World’s place.

Here’s a look at the proposal and Trump’s role in it.

WHAT HAPPENS FRIDAY?

Shareholders of Digital World are scheduled to vote on whether to approve a merger with TMTG, where Trump is the chairman. Digital World is what’s called a special purpose acquisition company, or SPAC, or “blank-check company.”

SPACs raise cash and then hunt for companies to merge with. Such deals give the target companies a potentially quicker and easier way to get their stocks onto the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq. The arrangement lets them avoid some of the paperwork associated with traditional initial public offerings of stock, or IPOs.

For investors, SPACs offer a way to get into hyped, potentially faster-growing companies such as TMTG, the DraftKings betting service or SoFi banking.

DO SHAREHOLDERS EVER SAY NO?

It happens, but only rarely. This vote looks likely to pass given how high Digital World’s stock has jumped on excitement about Trump. It finished Thursday at $42.81 per share. It’s already up nearly 145% so far this year, towering over the roughly 10% gain for the S&P 500 index.

Many of Digital World’s investors are small-time investors who are either fans of Trump or trying to cash in on the mania, instead of big institutional and professional investors.

WHAT HAPPENS IF THE SHAREHOLDERS APPROVE?

Digital World will merge with TMTG. The stock will continue to trade under Digital World’s ticker, DWAC, possibly for a couple of days to a couple of weeks, experts say. Then at some point, companies in SPAC deals usually announce that their stock will begin trading under the new ticker symbol.

Trump’s company hopes to trade under the ticker symbol DJT, the former president’s initials. The same ticker symbol was used by Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts before it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2004.

HOW MUCH WILL TRUMP GET?

Trump will own most of the new, combined company, or nearly 78.8 million shares, which would account for at least 58%. Multiply that by Digital World’s current stock price of more than $40, and the total value could surpass $3 billion.

TRUMP NEEDS CASH, RIGHT? CAN HE SELL RIGHT AWAY?

Trump faces a $454 million judgment in a fraud lawsuit, among other financial burdens. But he cannot sell easily for at least six months. That’s because major TMTG shareholders will be under what’s called a “lock-up” provision, a common restriction on Wall Street that keeps big, early investors from immediately dumping their shares. Such sales could tank the stock’s price.

Investors under the lock-up deal cannot sell, lend, donate or encumber their shares for six months after the close of the deal. Legal experts say “encumber” is a powerful word that could prevent Trump from using the stock as collateral to raise cash before six months have elapsed.

There are a few exceptions, such as by transferring stock to immediate family members. But in such cases, the recipients would also have to agree to abide by the lock-up agreement.

SO DEFINITELY NO CASH RIGHT AWAY?

Digital World could waive the lock-up agreement before the deal closes. Or, in what some legal experts say could be a more likely path, the new company’s board could decide to alter the lock-up agreement after the deal closes.

Such a decision by the board could open those directors up to legal scrutiny. They would need to show they’re doing it to benefit shareholders.

But if the value of Trump’s brand is key to the company’s success, and if easing the lock-up agreements could preserve that brand, it could make for a case that would at least spare board members’ lawyers from getting laughed out of court immediately.

Some companies’ boards in the past have altered lock-up agreements to allow investors to sell earlier.

WHO WILL BE ON THIS COMPANY’S BOARD?

Mostly people put forth by TMTG, including the former president’s son, Donald Trump Jr., if all goes as expected. Former Republican Rep. Devin Nunes would be a director and the company’s CEO.

Also on the board would be Robert Lighthizer, who served as Trump’s U.S. trade representative, and Linda McMahon, who ran the Small Business Administration under Trump.

IS THIS A SAFE INVESTMENT?

Every stock has risks. Digital World has filed 84 pages with U.S. regulators to list many of its risks and those of TMTG.

One risk, the company said, was that as a controlling stockholder, Trump would be entitled to vote his shares in his own interest, which may not always be in the interests of all the shareholders generally.

It also cited the high rate of failure for new social media platforms, as well as TMTG’s expectation that the company will lose money on its operations “for the foreseeable future.” The company lost $49 million in the first nine months of last year, when it brought in just $3.4 million in revenue and had to pay $37.7 million in interest expenses.

“It’s losing money, there’s no way the company is worth anything like” what the stock price suggests, said Jay Ritter, an IPO specialist at the University of Florida’s Warrington College of Business.

“Here, given the stock price is so divorced from fundamental value, it’s kind of the same issue that came up with meme stocks,” he said, recalling companies whose share prices once soared far beyond what professionals considered rational. “With AMC and GameStop, the price was way above fundamental value, and there’s the question of: Can you get out before the music stops?”

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How does Trump stand to make $3bn from Truth Social being listed on the market?

The company – which has only raised $5m since 2021 – benefits from meme stock status, valued not for revenue but for clicks

• Trump could net $3bn after investors approve Truth Social to go public

Donald Trump racked up a paper fortune of $3bn on Friday when the Truth Social, the social media platform he created, completed a merger that listed the company on the US stock market.

Shareholders in Digital World Acquisition, the listed vehicle set to turn into Trump Media & Technology, approved the transaction on Friday morning, in a move that could boost Trump’s wealth considerably.

How could Trump add more than $3bn to his wealth?

Trump Media & Technology business, which owns the Truth Social tech platform, has merged with a so-called special purpose acquisition company – or Spac – called Digital World Acquisition. Spacs list on a stock exchange to raise money and then buy or merge with a company, which in this case is Trump’s media firm.

Trump Media has generated sales of less than $5m since its launch in 2021 . But, boosted by Trump supporters, Digital World shares have risen 140% this year and are currently trading at just under $42. Trump will own 78.75m shares in the newly combined business, meaning at that price Trump’s stake would be worth $3.3bn.

Why is Trump’s stake worth so much if Truth Social has made so little?

Digital World is a meme stock, the term for an equity that is boosted by amateur investors on online forums via internet memes (an image, video or piece of text that is copied and passed around, often re-emerging with slight alterations).

The most famous example of meme stock-boosting is GameStop, a US video game retailer that, although it appeared to be trending downwards in terms of its business prospects, suddenly attained a valuation of more than $22bn at the peak of a buying frenzy in 2021 – but is now worth just over $4bn.

In one meme example on the Digital World page on Reddit , a photograph of Trump pointing is emblazoned with the slogan “He’s Right! Get More DWAC [Digital World Acquisition Corp]!” Another shows a bald eagle carrying the US flag in its talons with the letters DWAC above it.

Julian Klymochko, the chief executive of Accelerate Financial Technologies, which has a Spac-focused fund, says Digital World’s soaring valuation has become detached from the fundamental value of Trump Media and its sales of less than $5m.

“The stock’s market capitalisation is completely unhinged from its underlying fundamental business value. The stock price is solely based on being a meme stock,” he says.

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Can Trump cash in his stake?

Trump will not be able to sell his shares immediately: as is standard with Spac deals, major shareholders cannot sell their stock for six months after the transaction.

Does Trump need the money?

Trump has $400m in cash plus properties and other investments, but he needs to find nearly half a billion dollars by Monday. A New York judge has formally ordered him to pay $454m following a civil fraud case that determined he manipulated the value of his properties to obtain advantageous loan and insurance rates. And this week his lawyers said it was “a practical impossibility” for him to obtain the bond he needs to guarantee the payment, after 30 surety companies turned him down.

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DJT had a good first day: Trump's Truth Social media stock price saw rapid rise

Buoyed by legions of avid supporters, Donald Trump made a bubbly debut on the Nasdaq stock exchange Tuesday.

Shares of Trump Media & Technology Group soared like helium from the opening bell and maintained most of those gains until late in the trading day when a selloff brought Trump's namesake social media company closer to earth with a closing market value of nearly $8 billion, on par with ride-hailing company Lyft and online marketplace Etsy.

It was also an epic trading day for Trump , the presumptive GOP presidential nominee and Trump Media's largest shareholder. Shares rose as high as $79.38 before flagging at the end of trade to close at $57.99, close to their low of the day.

His 60% stake in Truth Social’s parent company, which now trades under the ticker DJT, is worth about $4.5 billion on paper. And, if the stock price stays above $17.50 per share for an extended period, tens of millions of additional shares would be issued, most of them to Trump.

Enthusiasm in the MAGA ranks was undercut by the more sober assessment of stock market observers. They say Trump Media’s valuation is divorced from the business realities it faces.

Its flagship product Truth Social, Trump’s bullhorn of choice, is a minor player in a social media landscape dominated by megacorporations like Facebook owner Meta. Trump Media, on the other hand, has racked up tens of millions of dollars in losses and generated sparse sales. And it has struggled to attract advertisers and users since its launch in 2021.

It owes its success to Trump, who is one of Truth Social's most prolific users and has among the most followers on the platform with nearly 6.8 million. Trump has 34 million followers on Facebook, 24 million on Instagram and more than 87 million on X.

"It's hard to come up with any reasonable metrics that would get you to this valuation," Derek Horstmeyer, a finance professor at George Mason University in Virginia, told USA TODAY.

The one-day pop was typical of so-called meme stocks in recent years, like video-game retailer GameStop.Trump supporters banded together on social media to lift the stock even before it completed the merger with Digital World Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company, or SPAC , that was already listed on the Nasdaq.

The difference here may be that the former president's fans may continue to lift − rather than dump − the stock.

Trading was exceptionally heavy, according to University of Florida finance professor Jay Ritter. The number of shares available to trade – called the public float – is about 28 million. But more than 52 million shares traded Tuesday. In fact, trading was so intense that Nasdaq temporarily halted it following the opening bell. Typically, trading in most stocks is less than 1% a day.

“Clearly a lot of the buyers and holders are people who are buying it for ideological reasons and plan on holding it for a while,” Ritter said.

That’s not so different from the online traders, mom-and-pop investors, small brokers and others who organized on social media platform Reddit to drive up the price of GameStop and face down hedge funds that were betting against the company and shorting the stock.

“In that regard, GameStop investors were doing it for ideological reasons, too,” Ritter said. “But after the stock price went up, they then sold and the stock price collapsed.”

Nobody knows when the Trump Media bubble will burst, he said. Just because you are a Trump supporter doesn’t mean you will hold it forever, Ritter said.

“In the short run, anything can happen,” he said. “But in the long run, I am highly confident there is going to be a huge percentage decline.”

How much is Truth Social worth?

Those Trump Media shares have handed Trump a crucial lifeline in posting bond as he appeals the civil fraud judgment against him.

A New York appeals court gave Trump 10 more days to post his bond and slashed the amount to $175 million. Trump has been struggling under the weight of not just the $454 million civil fraud judgment, but also an $83.3 million defamation trial loss to advice columnist E. Jean Carroll.

Trump's gains are all on paper for the time being. He would need Trump Media’s seven-person board to lift a restriction that prevents Trump and other insiders from selling shares or using them as collateral for a bond for the next six months.

The board, which is stacked with allies including his son, Donald Trump Jr., and three former members of his administration, could also hold a secondary offering that would allow Trump to cash out some of his stake in coming months.

What is Trump’s net worth?

Truth Social going public means a massive boost to Trump’s net worth, at least on paper. 

His shares in Trump Media and the reduction in the bond that Trump must post in a New York civil fraud lawsuit increased his net worth by more than $4 billion Monday, catapulting him into the world’s wealthiest 500 people on the Bloomberg Billionaires Index for the first time.

Why is Truth Social’s ticker DJT?

Research shows that familiar names, such as a former president’s initials, can help a company’s stock performance. 

One 2006 study by Princeton University psychologists found that stocks with tickers that are easier to pronounce tend to perform better in the first few days of trading. Another study from Pomona College in 2019 verified earlier research that found clever tickers tend to perform better, partly because they are more memorable to investors.

What is Digital World Acquisition?

Digital World is a SPAC, also known as a blank check company . These publicly traded shell companies exist to acquire or merge with private companies and take them public.

Truth Social’s merger with Digital World was first announced in 2021 when the number of companies going public via SPACs surged. The investment vehicles have since faced criticism for being bad deals for retail investors.

Why did Trump launch Truth Social?

Truth Social was founded after Trump was booted from major social media platforms following the Jan. 6, 2021 attack on the Capitol. 

Trump's media company valued at almost $8 bln in strong Wall St debut

TRUMP'S FINANCIAL WOES

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Reporting by Medha Singh, Yuvraj Malik and Jaspreet Singh in Bengaluru; Editing by Arun Koyyur and Devika Syamnath

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Global shares rose on Wednesday, nudged higher by a rally in Japanese stocks as the yen sagged to its weakest since 1990, while the dollar held mostly steady in a holiday-shortened week that ends with a key reading on U.S. inflation.

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Trump's Truth Social is losing money and has scant sales. Yet it could trade at a $5 billion value.

By Aimee Picchi

Edited By Anne Marie Lee

Updated on: March 22, 2024 / 5:48 PM EDT / CBS News

Former President Donald Trump will soon be at the helm of a publicly traded company that will trade under the ticker "DJT," after his initials, and boast a potential valuation of more than $5 billion — a lofty amount for a business that's losing money and has scant revenue. 

Trump's next career move as head of a publicly traded company comes after shareholders of Digital World Acquisition Corp. (DWAC), a so-called blank-check company, also known as a SPAC ,  approved a merger on Friday morning with the Trump Media & Technology Group. With the nod, DWAC will combine with Trump Media & Technology Group and could soon begin trading under the latter name. 

Typically, investors put their money into companies they believe will provide solid returns for their investment, though time-honored fundamentals such as profit and revenue growth, dividends and share appreciation. But Trump Media's main business, Truth Social, is a social media platform that is lagging rivals such as Facebook and "X" (formerly Twitter), with scant revenue and mounting losses, according to regulatory filings. 

That hasn't fazed investors in DWAC, some of whom appear to be supporters of Trump, who are touting the stock on Truth Social. "I am holding and not selling! I believe in TRUTH and MAGA," one member of a Truth Social group focused on the DWAC stock posted on Friday morning. 

Typically, a company with the financial profile of Trump Media & Technology Group would be hard-pressed to reach a valuation of $5 billion, but the stock does not appear to be trading on traditional financial mileposts like revenue and profit, said Kristi Marvin, chief executive of SPACInsider.com. 

"This has never traded on fundamentals, and I don't expect it to, going forward," Marvin told CBS MoneyWatch. "This is almost like a barometer for Trump and how he's doing in the election."

The majority of the DWAC shareholders are retail investors, meaning they are individual investors rather than institutional , Marvin noted. Essentially, she added, DWAC, as well as its next iteration as Trump Media, is a "retail meme stock." 

Meme stocks and SPACs

Special purpose acquisition companies, or SPACs, are shell companies created to take a private business public without conducting an initial public offering. 

In 2021, DWAC announced its intent to merge with Trump's media group, sending shares of Digital World upward by more than 800%, sparking comparisons  with meme stock businesses like GameStop. At that time, SPACs were also drawing outsized attention from small investors after some gained endorsements from celebrities and investors alike.

Investors who own DWAC stock will receive one share of the new company for each share of DWAC they owned, according to a regulatory filing. 

With about 136 million shares outstanding after the merger, the new business could have a valuation of $5.4 billion, based on DWAC's current price. Trump, who will serve as chairman of Trump Media & Technology Group, will own about 58% of the company, which would value his stake at about $3.5 billion .

To be sure, there's no guarantee the newly merged company will continue to trade at the same price as DWAC. Companies can sometimes trade lower in the months after a SPAC merger, as some early investors sell their stock, Marvin noted. 

"You have a washing out of the original shareholders," she said.

But it's likely the newly merged company will continue to appeal primarily to individual investors, as some institutional investors may shy away from the company based on political concerns, among other issues, Marvin added. 

Risk factors: Bankruptcy, failure and jail 

Investors in Trump Media & Technology Group are buying shares in a fledgling social media business that booked $3.3 million in revenue for the first nine months of 2023, according to a regulatory filing. 

But like many other tech startups, Trump Media is hemorrhaging money, with its losses mounting to $49 million during that same period last year. Of course, a company's financial struggles aren't necessarily a hindrance to earning a lofty public valuation, as seen in the case of money-losing Reddit, whose IPO this week gave it an $8 billion market cap.

Truth Social had roughly 5 million active members in February of this year — including mobile users as well as website visitors, according to research firm Similarweb estimates. Truth Social doesn't disclose its user numbers.

By comparison, TikTok has 2 billion users and Facebook 3 billion. However, in the so-called "alt-tech" space, Truth Social fares better than rivals such as Parler, which just returned to Apple's app store this week  after being offline for more than a year , and Gettr, which had less than 2 million visitors in February.

The question is whether Truth Social can ramp up revenue by attracting new advertisers to a platform that critics say is squarely focused on Trump's personality and conservative views. Expanding its user base will be key to its success, according to risk factors listed in a regulatory filing related to the merger. 

That isn't the only risk for the business, according to the filing. Among others are the "death, incarceration or incapacity" of Trump, as well as Trump's history with some of his earlier businesses, including the bankruptcy of the Trump Taj Mahal in 1991 and the bankruptcy of the Trump Hotels and Casinos Resorts in 2004, among other bankruptcies. 

"A number of companies that were associated with President Trump have filed for bankruptcy," the filing states. "There can be no assurances that [Trump Media & Technology Group] will not also become bankrupt."

—with reporting by the Associated Press Board of Directors.

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Aimee Picchi is the associate managing editor for CBS MoneyWatch, where she covers business and personal finance. She previously worked at Bloomberg News and has written for national news outlets including USA Today and Consumer Reports.

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Trump is on the verge of a windfall of billions of dollars. Here are 3 things to know

Former President Trump stands to win over $3 billion after his social media company goes public — but he may not be able to cash in immediately. Win McNamee/Getty Images hide caption

Former President Trump stands to win over $3 billion after his social media company goes public — but he may not be able to cash in immediately.

Former President Trump is on the verge of a windfall of billions of dollars — but it may not come soon enough to help him fend off his mounting legal problems.

Trump stands to make over $3 billion as the company behind his social media platform Truth Social — Trump Media and Technology Group — goes public.

Here's what happens if Trump can't pay his $454 million bond

Trump Media is accomplishing that by merging with an existing shell company called Digital World Acquisition Corp. It's a process that allows a company to bypass all the hoops of a traditional initial public offering.

Digital World shareholders formally approved the merger with Trump Media on Friday.

But the process of listing Trump Media has been a rather convoluted saga, much like the business and political career of the former president, marked by investigations, lawsuits and general chaos.

Here are three things to know about how Trump stands to earn billions of dollars.

All eyes are on the Digital World shareholders

The vote by Digital World shareholders should be simple.

If the shareholders of the shell company do approve the deal, Digital World would become Trump Media in the stock markets as early as next week, trading under the stock symbol DJT, short for Donald J. Trump.

But Digital World has struggled to find enough shareholders to show up in previous key votes, so there are no guarantees that they can get enough of a quorum on Friday to approve the merger.

And the process to this point has been far from easy in other ways. Digital World has also faced scrutiny from the Securities and Exchange Commission, and it has also faced lawsuits from key shareholders that are still pending

Trump stands to earn billions

If enough Digital World shareholders approve the deal, the windfall for Trump could be big.

Trump would own over 50% of the new merged company, a stake that would be worth over $3 billion at current market valuations.

Analysts agree those kinds of valuations are far removed from the actual value of Trump Media. Truth Social had just over $3 million in revenue in the first nine months of last year and losses of nearly $50 million.

But a lot of the value comes from the hundreds of thousands of rabid Trump supporters who have bought into Digital World in anticipation of the merger with Trump media.

And that's why the stock is widely seen as a "meme stock," meaning shares that are driven by the whims of individual investors and not for any fundamental factors.

Stock markets have seen clear examples of this in recent years, like retailer Gamestop or movie chain AMC, both of which have caught Wall Street by storm by experiencing spectacular rallies during the pandemic.

Jay Ritter, Cordell professor of finance at the University of Florida says Digital World is not much different from the craze that enveloped those two stocks.

"This is largely a meme stock where the price is divorced from the fundamental value of the company," he says.

Trump Media, the company behind Truth Social, could be valued at billions of dollars when it goes public, even if analysts believe the valuations are well above its financial fundamentals. Olivier Douliery/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

Trump Media, the company behind Truth Social, could be valued at billions of dollars when it goes public, even if analysts believe the valuations are well above its financial fundamentals.

There are professional investors, too, looking for opportunities to profit from the deal. Take Matthew Tuttle, chief executive of Tuttle Capital Management.

"While fundamentally. I don't get it, I'm going to trade it because it's going to move," Tuttle says. "It's going to have a rabid following and it's going to be a fun stock."

But Trump might not be able to sell his shares soon

The potential windfall comes at a time when Trump is in dire need of cash.

On Monday he needs to post over $400 million in bond to settle a civil fraud case , and Trump has been unable to secure a company to put up the cash.

However, how soon the former president can cash in on his stake in Trump Media is uncertain.

Under the current agreement, Trump faces a six-month lock-up period, meaning he won't be able to sell his shares in Trump Media during that period.

He could, however, try to work out a deal that would allow him to sell some or all of his holdings earlier, though a big sale at once would risk sending Trump Media shares sharply lower.

Trump could also try to find somebody who would loan him the money using his Trump Media shares as collateral.

But the Trump Media shares would be trading at above what many analysts think it's actually worth, making it difficult for a lender to justify lending him the money.

Then again, this is former President Trump, as Tuttle notes.

"All I know," Tuttle says. "Whenever Trump is involved in something, I think you got to assume to expect the unexpected."

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Trump Media Merger Provides Trump a Potential Cash Lifeline

Having closed the merger of his social media company, Mr. Trump could find ways to raise cash against the value of his stake in the company, estimated at more than $3 billion.

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By Matthew Goldstein

Former President Donald J. Trump’s social media company — and the parent of his favorite communications platform, Truth Social — became a public company on Friday through a merger that will raise Mr. Trump’s wealth by billions of dollars and potentially help pay his mounting legal bills.

Trump Media & Technology Group is poised to debut on Wall Street at a market value of around $5 billion — based on the $37 share price of its merger partner, Digital World Acquisition Corp. Given that Mr. Trump owns more than 60 percent of the company, his overall net worth will increase by $3 billion — instantly doubling his wealth from the $2.6 billion estimate by Forbes magazine in October.

So far, those gains are on paper, and Mr. Trump is unlikely to be able to quickly turn it into cash because of restrictions in the merger agreement that prevent major shareholders from selling shares for at least six months, or using them as collateral for loans. But because Mr. Trump controls so much of Trump Media, and because his allies are expected to make up a majority of the new board, they could waive those restrictions on his request.

The question of where Mr. Trump can raise cash has become an urgent one because he is on the hook for hundreds of millions of dollars of legal bills tied to the multiple cases against him. Mr. Trump is facing a Monday deadline to cover a $454 million penalty in a civil fraud case brought by the New York State attorney general, which accuses him of greatly inflating the value of his real estate holdings in deals with banks.

If Mr. Trump cannot come up with the cash or a bond to cover the penalty while he appeals the ruling, the attorney general’s office could seize some of his properties.

Trump Media’s board might be reluctant to allow Mr. Trump to sell shares early as that would likely deflate the company’s share price. But lifting the restriction on using shares as collateral would help him secure a bond and minimize the negative impact on the stock price.

Before the merger closed, Mr. Trump was chairman of Trump Media but neither it nor Digital World disclosed whether he will continue to retain the title. Either way, Mr. Trump will hold enormous sway over the company as the company’s new seven-member board includes Mr. Trump’s eldest son, Donald Trump Jr., and three former members of his administration. His 79 million shares give him a large majority stake in the company and his brand is critical to the success of Truth Social, which has become his main megaphone with communicating to his supporters.

There is no guarantee that the stock of Trump Media will continue to trade at its current levels. If the share price falls over the coming months, the sizable increase to his net worth could be smaller over time. Digital World’s shares dropped about 14 percent after the shareholder vote approving the merger.

As part of the merger, investors in Digital World — the cash-rich shell company that voted to merge with Trump Media — will now become shareholders of Mr. Trump’s three-year-old company. The deal will transfer more than $300 million from Digital World’s coffers to Trump Media, a struggling business with little revenue, and allow Truth Social to keep operating.

Shares of Trump Media could begin trading on the stock market as early as Monday under the stock symbol DJT.

Many of Digital World’s 400,000 shareholders are ordinary investors and fans of Mr. Trump, whose enthusiasm about the former president has propped up the shares for years. But it remains to be seen whether they will hold on to the stock now that the merger is done.

In a statement before the vote, Trump Media said that “the merger will enable Truth Social to enhance and expand our platform.”

With the future of his real estate business in flux because of the ruling in the New York civil fraud case, Trump Media could become one of Mr. Trump’s main moneymakers — and a potential source of conflict should he win the presidency in November. Trump Media currently gets most of its revenue from Truth Social, its flagship platform where several upstart companies advertise their products, targeting Mr. Trump’s supporters and using slogans that are variations on America First or Make America Great Again.

In using the stock symbol DJT, Trump Media is taking a trip back in time. One of Mr. Trump’s former publicly traded companies, Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts, had traded under that stock symbol until it filed for bankruptcy in 2004.

The merger of Digital World and Trump Media, first proposed in October 2021, is one of the more prominent deals to emerge from a strategy that many companies used to go public that was all the rage during the pandemic. Special purpose acquisition companies like Digital World are speculative investment vehicles set up for the purpose of raising money in an initial public offering and then finding an operating business to buy.

In going public through a SPAC merger, Trump Media is following other so-called alt-right businesses like Rumble, an online video streaming service that caters to right-leaning media personalities, and PublicSquare, which bills itself as an online marketplace for the “patriotic parallel economy.”

Trump Media took in just $3.3 million in advertising revenue on Truth Social during the first nine months of last year, and the company, during that period, incurred a net loss of $49 million.

“It’s unclear to me what is the strategy to building out the platform especially so it may reach a broader advertiser,” said Shannon McGregor, a professor of journalism and media at the University of North Carolina. “There does seem to be a ceiling in these niche markets.”

The merger was almost derailed by a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation into deal talks between the two companies that took place before Digital World’s initial public offering. Securities rules prohibit SPACs from engaging in meaningful merger talks before going public.

But the deal got back on track after Digital World settled with the S.E.C. in July, agreeing to pay an $18 million penalty after the merger was completed and to revise its corporate filings.

After the deal was done on Friday, many shareholders and Trump fans celebrated online. Chad Nedohin, a vocal proponent of the merger on Truth Social, posted a livestream of the shareholder meeting on Rumble. In a chat room, viewers shared their enthusiasm for the deal, with messages such as “Great day to be alive” and “The day is finally here.”

Matthew Goldstein covers Wall Street and white-collar crime and housing issues. More about Matthew Goldstein