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167 Top Criminology Dissertation Ideas

Criminology Dissertation Ideas

Are you taking criminology in college, and it is time to work on your dissertation , but it appears challenging? Many university students get stuck even before starting, but there is no need to worry because we are here to hold your hand. The first, and we must emphasize, most crucial step, is picking the title of your dissertation. So, how do you select the right criminology dissertation topic? The best title should be unique, interesting, and have ample resources to help you craft a paper that will impress your professor and the assessment committee. To make selecting the best easier, we have picked the hottest 167 criminology dissertation ideas for you. Keep reading to identify the preferred option and use it as it is or tweak a little to fit your preference.

Criminology Dissertation Ideas on Terrorism

  • Religious ideologies: Can they be a source of terrorism?
  • Analyzing the relationship between media and terrorism.
  • Political tensions: Are they to blame for the ever-growing number of militias on the globe?
  • Comparing the trends of terror in the 19 th and 20 th centuries: A literature review.
  • What are the leading causes and motivations of terrorism?
  • Analyzing literature on identity theft and social media.
  • What motivates women to join ISIS?
  • Comparing male and female serial killers: What are the main differences?
  • How does the US respond to terror threats?
  • The US efforts to combat terror after the 9/11 attack: Are they effective?
  • Was the US justified in killing Osama Bin Laden instead of taking him to court?
  • Comparing two known terror networks of your choice in different countries.
  • Terrorism from the viewpoint of international law.
  • Islamic charities: Are they the main sources of finance for terrorists?
  • Are recent attacks by Hamas and Israel acts of terrorism?

Criminology Dissertation Ideas about Drugs

  • Analyzing the relationship between people of various backgrounds and police.
  • What are the most effective methods of preventing drug trafficking internationally?
  • Analyzing the effectiveness of drug courts.
  • Reversible and irreversible impacts of drug abuse.
  • People incarcerated for drug abuse: What are the impacts on their children?
  • Club culture: How does it enhance drug abuse in the society?
  • Preventing drug abuse in society: Which is more effective between voluntary learning and mandatory examination?
  • Reviewing the harm done to society by drugs.
  • Comparing the impacts of cannabis and alcohol on a person’s behavior.
  • The most abused drugs and their effects on societal behavior.
  • Cannabis and deviant behavior among youths: What is the relationship?
  • Cannabis legalization: Is it a good idea? What should we expect in the coming years?
  • Drug use and youth arrests: A case study of Paris, France.
  • Comparing drug court operations in the UK and USA.
  • War on drugs in the US: Can it solve the problem of drug abuse and crime?
  • Drug testing in school.
  • The influence of drugs on sexual assaults.
  • Prostitution: A study of the main risk groups in the UK.
  • Drug traffic tracking strategies used in the UK.
  • Drug abuse in prison cells: What are the causes and effects?

Criminal Law EPQ Questions

  • Harassment in school and workplace: What are the main strategies adopted to address the problem in the UK?
  • Homicides: A review of motivations that make people kill.
  • Are the strategies adopted by your state enough to counter juvenile delinquency?
  • What is the relationship between crime in Texas and people living with mental disorders?
  • Domestic violence: What are the rights of victims?
  • How can the marginalized get access to justice? A case study of the Netherlands.
  • A study of the main types of robberies reported in the US in the 20 th century.
  • Arson investigations: How do investigators determine whether the fire was deliberate or accidental?
  • What is the relationship between substance abuse and poor schooling?
  • What causes addiction among cannabis users?
  • What is the effectiveness of witness programs in criminal justice? A closer look at the International Criminal Court (ICC).
  • Robbery: What are the main risk groups, methods of prevention, and prosecution?
  • What is the effectiveness of the International Criminal Court in achieving its mandate?
  • Should employers check an all applicants’ criminal history during recruitment?
  • The extradition law in the United States: Is it fair?
  • Maximum-security prisons: Are they justified or simply cruel?
  • A study of incarcerated parent’s responsibilities. How do they cope?

Masters Dissertation Ideas for Criminology

  • Death penalty in the justice system: Is it effective in crime prevention.
  • The rising rates of mass shootings in the US: What are the main causes?
  • Studying the impact of genocidal acts on the cohesiveness of society.
  • Police shootings: Comparing top three cases in the US and the UK.
  • Sex offenses: Which are the main risk groups, prevalence, and prevention efforts?
  • How corruption affects the social, political and economy of a country.
  • Why are most crimes in the US and UK mainly committed by the youths?
  • US vs. China’s criminal justice system: What are the main differences?
  • Are the current US laws on criminology effective?
  • A review of the British criminology curriculum: What needs to be improved?
  • Analyzing the relationship between education levels and crime levels in a country of your choice.
  • What is the relationship between ownership of guns and law violations?
  • Law enforcement and criminology: What are the differences?
  • Does racial abuse of international students and immigrants motivate them to join criminal gangs?
  • Using culture to mold responsible citizens: A case study of communities in Georgia, Europe.

Forensic Psychology Dissertation Ideas

  • A comprehensive analysis of competence to stand trial concept and its application in the UK.
  • The age of criminal culpability: A review of the effectiveness of this idea in criminal justice.
  • The ethics of death penalty: A review of the literature.
  • Studying the mind of a criminal on death row: What goes in the mind of a person on a death row hours before execution?
  • Should the death penalty be used on juveniles?
  • What are the chances that a person on death row can change into a law-abiding citizen?
  • How does memory impact eyewitness testimony?
  • Analyzing the strategies used by the justice system to evaluate the reports of eyewitnesses.
  • Methods used in the UK to protect eyewitnesses.

Criminology Dissertation Ideas Mental Health

  • What role do guardians play in crime prevention in society?
  • A review of criminological theory in the US justice system.
  • A comprehensive analysis of how persons exposed to alcohol perform in different areas of their lives.
  • Sexual violence use as a weapon of armed conflict: A literature review.
  • Drug abuse and media: Should media that promote the use of hard drugs be controlled?
  • How effective are the methods used in rehab to counter drug addiction?
  • A review of delinquent cases among immigrant teenagers in the UK.
  • Why do college students engage in cases of arson?
  • Evaluating how prejudice motivates violence.
  • Is it possible to remain neutral in mental criminal case trials?
  • Is it possible to eliminate the problem of drug abuse and related crime?
  • Solitary confinement for drug traffickers: What are the implications?

Criminology Dissertation Ideas UK

  • How does the UK government respond to terror threats?
  • Rehabilitation centers in the UK: What roles do they play in addressing crime?
  • Racial stereotyping and crime in the UK: What is the relationship?
  • A discourse evaluation: How has coronavirus shaped crime in the UK?
  • Do urban settings in the UK act as breeding grounds for criminals?
  • A critical review of the police force and crime in the UK.
  • Interrogation by police officers: How does it work?
  • A study of the main categories of crime in the UK.
  • A review of the latest innovations in experimental criminology.
  • Identify theft in the UK: What are the main consequences for perpetrators?
  • Online child predators: How effective are the UK laws in protecting children?
  • Is it possible to have a crime-free society?
  • Which crime has a greater impact on society in the UK? Comparing street crimes and white-collar crimes.
  • A review of the main principles applied in crime prevention in the UK justice system.

Controversial Criminology Dissertation Topics

  • The less explored world of male rape in the society.
  • Abortion: Should it be categorized as a crime?
  • Parental separation: How does it result in future violence?
  • Information sharing technology: How does it help fight the problem of terrorism?
  • Back lives matter campaigns: Were they marred with violence instead of search for justice?
  • Coronavirus has accelerated crime in the society more than any other time in the past.
  • Do prisons help to correct bad behavior for the incarcerated?
  • Facebook helps to encourage more negative behavior than promoting socialization.
  • Domestic violence: Who suffers more between men and women?
  • Human trafficking has one main role of sexual exploitation.
  • On domestic violence, the law is subjective on males.
  • The government should increase the age limit for citizens to acquire national IDs.
  • Social media is the main source of moral panic in society.
  • Music is a major contributor to crime in society.

Criminology Dissertation Ideas on Domestic Violence

  • Theoretical perspectives on domestic violence.
  • Applying the control balance theory in domestic violence.
  • Popular culture and domestic violence: Are they related?
  • The effects of homelessness on domestic violence: A case study of Texas.
  • A review of cross-cultural perspectives on domestic violence.
  • Comparing the rates of domestic violence in the US and India.
  • Trends of domestic violence in Spain.
  • Analyzing the main legal issues for women who are victims of domestic violence.
  • A review of domestic violence within the military families.
  • Analyzing police decision-making factors when dealing with domestic cases.
  • Male victims of domestic violence: Why do most of them opt to keep quiet and stick with abusive partners?
  • Mothers who kill: What are the motivating factors?
  • Postpartum depression and domestic violence: How are they related?

Interesting Criminology Dissertation Titles

  • Comparing the impacts of crime to those of natural disasters: A literature review.
  • Is the education system in the globe failing in shaping good morals?
  • A review of sexual aggression by women in ASIA.
  • Acquainting rape perpetrators on bail terms: Is it acceptable? What does the law say?
  • Regulating prostitution in the society: Is it enough to reduce crime?
  • Corruption comes from limitations.
  • A study of the connections between law violation and family status.
  • Prostitution regulation: Can it stop crime?
  • Use of expert testimony in domestic violence cases.
  • Should we ban police from carrying guns in public?
  • How does systemic bias impact criminal justice?
  • Genetics: A comprehensive review of illegal researches and associated dangers.
  • Assessing the effectiveness of street lighting in reducing crime.
  • What role do psychometric assessments play in criminal justice?
  • Is crime rate related to neighborhoods? A literature review.
  • How has counterfeiting changed with the development of new technologies?

Criminology Dissertation Ideas about Prisons

  • Forced labor among prisoners: Is it a good method of correction?
  • Why is drug violence a problem in many US jails?
  • A review of prison gangs in a prison of your choice.
  • Training correctional officers in the UK: How effective is the training in enhancing the efficiency of correctional facilities?
  • A review of the efforts used to address child molesters in prison.
  • A review of study programs offered in prisons.
  • Healthcare system in the UK prisons: Is it effective?
  • A review of police corruption in prisons: Comparing the prisons in the 19 th and 20 th centuries.
  • What are the main causes of high recidivism in the US?
  • How do women end up in prisons? A review of common causes.
  • Prisons through the UK history.
  • How well are inmates prepared for re-entry into the society after serving jail terms?
  • Racial profiling in the US prisons.
  • Aggressive behavior: How is it related to criminal tendencies?
  • Comparing human trafficking in the modern and classic worlds: What are the main differences?
  • Comparing women’s recidivism rates in the US to those of Australia.

Knife Crime Dissertation Titles

  • Knife crime in the US: Applying the criminology theory.
  • Comparing knife crimes in Europe and Asia
  • What are the motivating factors for knife criminals?
  • Knife laws in the US: Analyzing the effectiveness of the pocket knife rules & laws.
  • Comparing the knife rules of the United States to those of the UK.
  • A review of knife crimes trends in the 21 st century.

Criminology Dissertation Help by Best Writers a Click Away

Now that we have looked at the best titles, from terrorism dissertation ideas to criminology topics on drugs, have you picked the preferred option? If “yes,” you are one step in the right direction. However, the next step of writing the dissertation is longer and requires a deep understanding of criminology. You also need excellent writing skills, time, and access to all the required resources. If you do not have the combination of all the above, which happens regularly to most students, you have a way out – seeking help from the best writers online. Our custom writing service stands taller than others because we have top-notch ENL writers who stop at nothing in ensuring clients get high grades. They have a lot of experience in the discipline and can work on any topic, from criminology and psychology dissertation ideas to terrorism-related topics. Again, they are fast and can easily beat even the toughest deadline. Our service is also cheap. Do not let the criminology dissertation stress you in any way – our expert can help you complete it professionally and fast too!

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256 Research Topics on Criminal Justice & Criminology

Are you a law school student studying criminal behavior or forensic science? Or maybe just looking for good criminal justice topics, questions, and hypotheses? Look no further! Custom-writing.org experts offer a load of criminology research topics and titles for every occasion. Criminological theories, types of crime, the role of media in criminology, and more. Our topics will help you prepare for a college-level assignment, debate, or essay writing.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

  • ⚖️ Criminology vs. Criminal Justice
  • 🔬 120 Criminology Research Topics
  • 💂 116 Criminal Justice Research Topics

🔥 Hot Criminology Research Topics

  • The role of media in criminology.
  • Cultural explanation of crime.
  • Benefits of convict criminology.
  • Main issues of postmodern criminology.
  • Is criminal behavior affected by the politics?
  • How does DAWN collect data?
  • The limitations of crime mapping.
  • Personality traits that trigger criminal behavior.
  • Community deterioration and crime rates.
  • Does experimental criminology affect social policy?

🔬 120 Criminology Research Topics & Ideas

Here are 100 criminology research topics ideas organized by themes.

Just in 1 hour! We will write you a plagiarism-free paper in hardly more than 1 hour

General Criminology Research Paper Topics

  • Criminology as a social science.
  • Criminology and its public policies.
  • History of criminology.
  • Crime commission: legal and social perspectives .

Criminal Psychology Research Topics

  • What is the nature of criminal behavior ?
  • How does the lack of education affect the incarceration rates?
  • Childhood aggression and the impact of divorce
  • The effect of the upbringing on antisocial adult behavior
  • How do gender and cultural background affect one’s attitude towards drug abuse ?
  • Forensic psychology and its impact on the legal system
  • What is the role of criminal psychologists?
  • Different types of forensic psychological evaluations
  • What’s the difference between therapeutic and forensic evaluation?
  • Does socioeconomic status impact one’s criminal behavior ?

Criminology Research Topics: Theories

  • What crimes are typical for what ages?
  • How does the type of crime correspond with the level of exerted aggression ?
  • What is the connection between citizenship (or lack thereof) and law violation?
  • How does education (or lack thereof) correspond with crime level?
  • Does employment (or lack thereof) correspond with law violation?
  • What is the connection between family status and law violation?
  • Does gender affect on the type of law violation?
  • How does ownership of firearms correspond with law violation?
  • Does immigrant status correlate with law violation?

Crime and Victimization in Criminology.

  • Is there a connection between mental health and law violation?
  • What are the causes of violence in the society?
  • Does the crime rate depend on the neighborhood ?
  • How does race correspond with the type of crime?
  • Do religious beliefs correspond with law violation?
  • How does social class correlate with crime rate?
  • What are the reasons for the homeless’ improsonment?
  • How does weather correspond with law violation?

Criminology Topics on Victimization

  • Biological theories of crime: how do biological factors correspond with law violation?
  • Classical criminology: the contemporary take on crime, economics, deterrence, and the rational choice perspective.
  • Convict criminology: what do ex-convicts have to say on the subject?
  • Criminal justice theories: punishment as a deterrent to crime.
  • Critical criminology : debunking false ideas about crime and criminal justice.
  • Cultural criminology: criminality as the product of culture.
  • Cultural transmission theory: how criminal norms are transmitted in social interaction.
  • Deterrence theory: how people don’t commit crimes out of fear of punishment.
  • Rational choice theory : how crime doing is aligned with personal objectives of the perpetrator.
  • Feminist Criminology: how the dominant crime theories exclude women.
  • Labeling and symbolic interaction theories: how minorities and those deviating from social norms tend to be negatively labeled.
  • Life course criminology : how life events affect the actions that humans perform.
  • Psychological theories of crime: criminal behavior through the lense of an individual’s personality.
  • Routine activities theory : how normal everyday activities affect the tendency to commit a crime.
  • The concept of natural legal crime.
  • Self-control theory : how the lack of individual self-control results in criminal behavior.
  • Social construction of crime: crime doing as social response.
  • Social control theory : how positive socialization corresponds with reduction of criminal violation.
  • Social disorganization theory : how neighborhood ecological characteristics correspond with crime rates.
  • Social learning theory : how (non)criminal behavior can be acquired by observing and imitating others.
  • Strain theories : how social structures within society pressure citizens to commit crime.
  • Theoretical integration: how two theories are better than one.

Criminology Research and Measurement Topics

  • Citation content analysis (CCA): a framework for gaining knowledge from a variety of media.
  • Crime classification systems: classification of crime according to the severity of punishment.
  • Crime mapping as a way to map, visualize, and analyze crime incident patterns.
  • Reports and statistics of crime: the estimated rate of crime over time. Public surveys.
  • Drug abuse warning network (DAWN): predicting trends in drug misuse.
  • Arrestee drug abuse monitoring (ADAM): drug use among arrestees.
  • Edge ethnography: collecting data undercover in typically closed research settings and groups through rapport development or covert undercover strategy.
  • Experimental criminology: experimental and quasi-experimental research in the advancement of criminological theory.
  • Fieldwork in criminology: street ethnographers and their dilemmas in the field concerning process and outcomes.
  • Program evaluation: collecting and analyzing information to assess the efficiency of projects, policies and programs.
  • Quantitative criminology: how exploratory research questions, inductive reasoning , and an orientation to social context help recognize human subjectivity.

Criminology Topics on Types of Crime

  • Campus crime: the most common crimes on college campuses and ways of preventing them.
  • Child abuse : types, prevalence, risk groups, ways of detection and prevention.
  • Cybercrime : cyber fraud, defamation, hacking, bullying, phishing.
  • Domestic violence : gender, ways of detection and prevention, activism.
  • Domestic violence with disabilities .
  • Elder abuse : types, prevalence, risk groups, ways of detection and prevention.
  • Environmental crime. Natural resource theft: illegal trade in wildlife and timber, poaching, illegal fishing.
  • Environmental crime. Illegal trade in ozone-depleting substances, hazardous waste; pollution of air, water, and soil.
  • Environmental crime: local, regional, national, and transnational level.
  • Environmental crime: climate change crime and corruption.
  • Environmental crime: wildlife harming and exploitation.
  • Hate crime : how prejudice motivates violence.

Types of crime.

  • Homicide : what motivates one person to kill another.
  • Human trafficking : methods of deception, risk groups, ways of detection and prevention.
  • Identity theft : methods, risk groups, ways of detection and prevention.
  • Gambling in America .
  • Juvenile delinquency : risk groups, prevention policies, prosecution and punishment.
  • Juvenile Delinquency: Causes and Effects
  • Organizational crime: transnational, national, and local levels. Ways of disrupting the activity of a group.
  • Prostitution : risk groups, different takes on prevention policies, activism.
  • Robbery : risk groups, ways of prevention, prosecution and punishment.
  • Sex offenses: risk groups, types, prevalence, ways of detection and prevention.
  • Terrorism: definition, history, countermeasures .
  • Terrorism : individual and group activity, ways of detection and prevention.
  • Theft and shoplifting : risk groups, ways of detection, prevention policies, prosecution and punishment.
  • Counter-terrorism: constitutional and legislative issues .
  • White-collar crime : types, ways of detection, prevention policies, prosecution and punishment.

Criminology Topics on Racism and Discrimination

  • How systemic bias affects criminal justice?
  • How discriminatory portrayal of minority groups in the media affects criminal justice?
  • Racial profiling : targeting minority groups on the basis of race and ethnicity.
  • Racism and discrimination towards African-Americans .
  • Racial profiling : what are the cons? Are there any pros?
  • How discriminatory is the UK Court System?
  • How discriminatory is the US Court System?

Other Criminology Research Topics

  • Corporate crime : the ruling class criminals.
  • Genetics: illegal research and its dangers.
  • Hate crime : the implications in criminal justice.
  • Serial killers : risk groups, ways of detection and prevention.
  • Serial killers: portrayal in media.
  • Organized crime : how does it affect criminal justice?
  • Crime prevention programs.
  • Street lighting: does it reduce crime?
  • Terrorism prevention technology.
  • Identity theft : risk groups, ways of deception, prevention policies.
  • Due process model: procedural and substantive aspects.
  • Crime control in criminal justice administration.
  • Types of drugs: how do they affect the users?
  • Smart handheld devices: their function for security personnel.
  • Social media : its impact on crime rate.
  • Public health: how does criminal justice affect it?
  • Psychometric examinations: what is their role in criminal justice?
  • National defense in the US.
  • National defense in the UK.
  • Sexual harassment : the role of activism, ways of responding, prevention and prosecution.
  • Substance abuse : military.
  • Criminology and criminal justice jobs: a full list.

🌶️ Hot Criminal Justice Topics

  • The history of modern police.
  • Different types of prison systems.
  • Is situational crime prevention effective?
  • How to prevent wrongful convictions.
  • Challenges faced by crime victims.
  • The advantages of community corrections.
  • How do ethics influence criminal justice?
  • Disadvantages of felony disenfranchisement.
  • Does correctional system in the USA really work?
  • Possible problems of prisoner reentry process.

💂 116 Criminal Justice Research Topics & Questions

Here are some of the most typical and interesting criminal justice issues to dazzle your professor.

  • Prison system : the main problems and the hidden pitfalls.
  • The question of gender: why are there more men who receive capital punishment than women?
  • Kidnapping and ransom: common features, motifs, behavior patterns.
  • Crime prevention : key principles.
  • Firing a gun: what helps professionals understand whether it was deliberate or happened by accident?
  • Cybercrime : the legal perspective.
  • Internet vigilantism: revenge leaks.
  • Hate crime on the Internet: revenge leaks, trolling, defamation.
  • Crime and justice in mass media .
  • Parental abduction laws.
  • Sex offender registry: pros and cons.
  • The deterrence theory and the theory of rational choice : are they relevant in the modern world?
  • Sexual assault in schools and workplaces.
  • Jury selection: how is it performed?
  • Experimental criminology: the latest innovations.

Criminal justice system.

  • Wildlife crime: areas of prevalence, ways of prevention.
  • Felony disenfranchisement laws: when do they apply?
  • The relation between organized crime and corruption .
  • Victim services: what help can a victim of a crime get?
  • Prison rape and violence: the psychological aspect, ways of prevention.
  • Juvenile recidivism : what are the risk groups?
  • Forensic science : role and functions in modern criminal justice.
  • Shoplifting: how to prevent theft?
  • Witness Protection Program: who is eligible and how to protect them.
  • Date rape : what are the ways for the victims to seek legal assistance?
  • Substance abuse and crime: correlation or causation?
  • Identity theft: dangers and consequences in the modern world.
  • Online predators: what laws can be introduced to protect kids? Real-life examples.
  • Civil and criminal cases: how to differentiate?
  • Domestic abuse victims: what laws protect them?
  • Elder abuse : what can be done to prevent it?
  • The strain theory : the unachievable American dream.
  • Concepts of law enforcement: pursuing criminal justice .
  • Ethics and criminal justice: the unethical sides of law enforcement.
  • The top problems to be solved by law enforcement today.
  • Information sharing technology: how has it helped in the fight against terrorism ?
  • Terrorism in perspective: characteristics, causes, control .
  • Serial killers : types.
  • Drug use and youth arrests.
  • Aggressive behavior : how does it correlate with criminal tendencies?
  • Community corrections : are they effective?
  • Sentencing: how does it take place?
  • Punishment types and the established terms.
  • Unwarranted arrest: when is it acceptable?
  • Human trafficking in the modern world.
  • Human trafficking: current state and counteracts .
  • The role of technology in modern forensics .
  • Similarities and differences between homicide , murder, and manslaughter.
  • Types of offenders: classification.
  • Effects of gun control measures in the United States .
  • The role of crime mapping in modern criminal justice.
  • Male crimes vs female crimes: are they different?
  • Prisons : the problems of bad living conditions.
  • Victimization : causes and ways of prevention.
  • Victimology and traditional justice system alternatives .
  • Rape victims: what are their rights?
  • Problem-solving courts: what underlying problems do they address?
  • Mandatory sentencing and the three-strike rule.
  • Have “three-strikes” laws been effective and should they be continued?
  • Criminal courts : what can be learned from their history?
  • Hate crimes : what motivates people to commit them?
  • Youth gangs: what is their danger?
  • Fieldwork: how is it done in criminology?
  • Distributive justice : its place in criminal justice.
  • Capital punishment : what can be learned from history?
  • Humanities and justice in Britain during 18th century .
  • Abolition of capital punishment .
  • Criminals and prisoners’ rights .
  • Crime prevention programs and criminal rehabilitation .
  • Campus crime: what laws and precautions are there against it?
  • Criminal trial process: how does it go?
  • Crimes committed on a religious basis: how are they punished?
  • The code of ethics in the Texas department of criminal justice .
  • Comparison between Florida and Maryland’s legislative frameworks .
  • Fraud in the scientific field: how can copyright protect the discoveries of researchers?
  • Prosecution laws: how are they applied in practice?
  • The classification of crime systems.
  • Cyberbullying and cyberstalking: what can parents do to protect their children?
  • Forgery cases in educational institutions, offices, and governmental organizations.
  • Drug courts : how do they work?

Controversial Topics in Criminal Justice

Want your work to be unconventional? Consider choosing one of the controversial topics. You will need to present a number of opposite points of view. Of course, it’s acceptable to choose and promote an opinion that you think stands the best. Just make sure to provide a thorough analysis of all of the viewpoints.

You can also stay impartial and let the reader make up their own mind on the subject. If you decide to support one of the viewpoints, your decision should be objective. Back it up with plenty of evidence, too. Here are some examples of controversial topics that you can explore.

  • Reform vs. punishment: which one offers more benefits?
  • Restorative justice model : is it the best criminal justice tool?
  • The war on drugs : does it really solve the drug problem?
  • Criminal insanity: is it a reason enough for exemption from liability?
  • Juvenile justice system : should it be eliminated?
  • Drug testing on the school ground.
  • Police brutality in the United States .
  • How to better gun control ? 
  • Why Gun Control Laws Should be Scrapped .
  • Pornography: is it a type of sexual violence?
  • Whether death penalty can be applied fairly?
  • Jack the Ripper: who was he?
  • The modern justice system: is it racist?
  • A false accusation: how can one protect themselves from it?
  • Concealed weapons: what are the criminal codes of various states?
  • Race and crime: is there a correlation?
  • Registering sex offenders: should this information be in public records?
  • Juvenile delinquency and bad parenting: is there a relation?
  • Assessing juveniles for psychopathy or conduct disorder .
  • Should all new employees be checked for a criminal background ?
  • Are delinquency cases higher among immigrant children?
  • Restrictive housing: can it help decongest prisons?
  • Homegrown crimes: is there an effective program against them?
  • Prostitution: the controversy around legalization .
  • Eyewitness testimony : is it really helpful in an investigation?
  • Youthful offenders in boot camps: is this strategy effective?
  • Predictive policing : is it effective?
  • Selective incapacitation: is it an effective policy for reducing crime?
  • Social class and crime: is there a relation?
  • Death penalty: is it effective in crime deterrence?
  • Extradition law: is it fair?
  • Devious interrogations: is deceit acceptable during investigations?
  • Supermax prisons: are they effective or just cruel?
  • Zero tolerance: is it the best policy for crime reduction?
  • Marijuana decriminalization: pros and cons.
  • Marijuana legalization in the US .

Now that you have looked through the full list of topics, choose wisely. Remember that sometimes it’s best to avoid sensitive topics. Other times, a clever choice of a topic will win you extra points. It doesn’t depend on just the tastes of your professor, of course. You should also take into account how much relevant information there is on the subject. Anyway, the choice of the topic of your research is up to you. Try to find the latest materials and conduct an in-depth analysis of them. Don’t forget to draw a satisfactory conclusion. Writing may take a lot of your time and energy, so plan ahead. Remember to stay hydrated and good luck!

Now, after we looked through the topic collections on criminology and criminal justice, it is time to turn to the specifics in each of the fields. First, let’s talk more extensively about criminology. If you are training to be a criminologist, you will study some things more deeply. They include the behavior patterns of criminals, their backgrounds, and the latest sociological trends in crime.

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In the field of criminology, the specialties are numerous. That’s why it’s difficult to pinpoint one career that represents a typical member of the profession. It all depends on the background of a criminologist, their education, and experience.

Careers possible with a criminology major.

A criminologist may have a number of responsibilities at their position. For example, they might be called forth to investigate a crime scene. Participation in autopsies is unpleasant yet necessary. Interrogation of suspects and subsequent criminal profiling is another essential duty.

Some professionals work solely in research. Others consult government agencies or private security companies. Courts and law firms also cooperate with criminologists. Their job is to provide expert opinion in criminal proceedings. Some of them work in the prison systems in order to oversee the rehabilitation of the convicted.

Regardless of the career specialty , most criminologists are working on profiling and data collection. A criminologist is another word for an analyst. They collect, study, and analyze data on crimes. After conducting the analysis, they provide recommendations and actionable information.

A criminologist seeks to find out the identity of the person who committed the crime. The time point of a crime is also important, as well as the reason for it. There are several areas covered by the analysis of a criminologist. The psychological behavior of the criminal or criminals is closely studied. The socio-economic indicators are taken into account. There are also, of course, the environmental factors that may have facilitated the crime.

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Some high-profile cases require a criminologist to correspond with media and PR managers extensively. Sometimes criminologists write articles and even books about their findings. However, it should be noted that the daily routine of a professional in the field is not so glamorous. Most criminologists do their work alone, without the attention of the public.

The research a criminologist accumulates during their work is extensive. It doesn’t just sit there in a folder on their desk, of course. The collected statistics are used for developing active criminal profiles that are shared with law enforcement agencies. It helps to understand criminal behavior better and to predict it. That’s why a criminologist’s work must be precise and accurate for it to be practical and useful. Also, criminology professionals must have a good grasp of math and statistics.

Thinking of a career in criminology? You will need to, at the very least, graduate from college. There, you’ll master mathematics, statistics, and, of course, criminology. An associate’s degree may get you an entry-level position. But the minimum entry-level requirement is usually the bachelor’s degree. The best positions, though, are left for the professionals with a master’s degree or a PhD.

Just having a degree is not enough. To succeed as a criminologist, you will require all your intelligence, commitment, and the skill of analyzing intricate situations. An aspiration to better the society will go a long way. You will need to exercise your creative, written, and verbal communication skills, too. An analytical mind will land you at an advantage.

Criminology: Research Areas

Times change and the world of crime never ceases to adapt. The nature of criminal transgression is evolving, and so do the ways of prosecution. Criminal detection, investigation, and prevention are constantly advancing. Criminology studies aim to improve the practices implemented in the field.

There are six unified, coordinated, and interrelated areas of expertise. Within each, the professionals are busy turning their mastery into knowledge and action.

Criminology research areas.

The first research area is the newest worry of criminology – cybercrime. The impact of this type of crime is escalating with every passing day. That’s why it’s crucial for the law enforcement professionals to keep up to date with the evolving technology. Cybercrime research is exploring the growing threat of its subject at all levels of society. Cybercrime may impact people on both personal and governmental levels. Cybercrime research investigates the motivation and methodology behind the offenses and finds new ways to react.

The second research area is counter fraud. Crimes that fall under this category include fraud and corruption. The questions that counter fraud research deals with are many. How widely a crime is spread, what method is best to fight it, and the optimal courses of action to protect people and organizations.

The third research area is that of forensics. The contemporary face of justice has been changed by forensic science beyond recognition. Nowadays, it’s much harder for criminals to conceal their activity due to evolved technologies. The research in forensics is utilizing science in the identification of the crime and in its reconstruction. It employs such techniques as DNA recovery, fingerprinting, and forensic interviewing.

What is forensic interviewing? It helps find new ways to gather quality information from witnesses and crime scenes. It also works on developing protocols that ensure the protection of this human data and its correct interpretation by police.

The fourth research area is policing. Police service is facing a lot of pressing issues nowadays due to budget cuts. At the same time, police officers still need to learn, and there are also individual factors that may influence their work.

The fifth research area is penology. It’s tasked with exploring the role of punishment in the criminal justice system. Does punishment aid the rehabilitation of perpetrators, and to what extent? The answer will help link theory to practice and thus shape how criminal justice practitioners work.

The sixth research area is that of missing persons. Before a person goes missing, they may display a certain pattern of behavior. The study of missing persons helps to identify it. The results will determine the handling of such cases.

Now that we know what criminology is, it’s time to talk about criminal justice.

While criminology focuses on the analysis of crime, criminal justice concentrates on societal systems. Its primary concern is with the criminal behavior of the perpetrators. For example, in the USA, there are three branches of the criminal justice system. They are police (aka law enforcement), courts, and corrections. These branches all work together to punish and prevent unlawful behavior. If you take up a career in criminal justice, expect to work in one of these fields.

The most well-known branch of criminal justice is law enforcement. The police force is at the forefront of defense against crime and misdemeanor. They stand against the criminal element in many ways. For instance, they patrol the streets, investigate crimes, and detain suspects. It’s not just the police officers who take these responsibilities upon themselves. There are also US Marshals, ICE, FBI Agents, DEA, and border patrol. Only after the arrest has been made, the perpetrator enters the court system.

The court system is less visible to the public, but still crucial to the criminal justice system. Its main purpose is to determine the suspect’s innocence or guilt. You can work as an attorney, lawyer, bailiff, judge, or another professional of the field. In the court, if you are a suspect, you are innocent until proven guilty. You are also entitled to a fair trial. However, if they do find you guilty, you will receive a sentence. Your punishment will be the job of the corrections system.

The courts determine the nature of the punishment, and the corrections system enforces it. There are three elements of the corrections system: incarceration, probation, and parole. They either punish or rehabilitate the convicts. Want to uptake a career in corrections? You may work as, including, but not limited to: a parole officer, a prison warden, a probation officer, and a guard.

📈 Criminal Justice: Research Areas

The research areas in criminal justice are similar, if not identical, to those of criminology. After all, those are two very closely related fields. The one difference is that criminal justice research has more practical than theoretical applications. But it’s fair to say that theory is the building blocks that practice bases itself on. One is impossible without the other unless the result you want is complete chaos.

So, the question is – what topic to choose for the research paper? Remember that the world of criminal justice is constantly changing. Choosing a subject for research in criminal justice, consider a relevant topic. There are many pressing issues in the field. Exploring them will undoubtedly win you points from your professor. Just make sure to choose a direction that will give you the opportunity to show off both your knowledge and your analytical skills.

Not sure that your original research direction will be appreciated? Then choose one of the standard topics. Something that is widely discussed in the media. And, of course, make sure that you are truly interested in the subject. Otherwise, your disinterest will translate into your writing, which may negatively affect the overall impression. Also, it’s just more enjoyable to work on something that resonates with you.

What can you do with your research paper? Literally anything. Explore the background of the issue. Make predictions. Compare the different takes on the matter. Maybe there are some fresh new discoveries that have been made recently. What does science say about that?

Also, remember to backup all your arguments with quotes and examples from real life. The Internet is the best library and research ground a student could hope for. The main idea of the paper, aka the thesis, must be proven by enough factual material. Otherwise, it’s best to change your research direction.

And, of course, don’t put it all off till the last minute. Make a plan and stick to it. Consistency and clever distribution of effort will take you a long way. Good luck!

🤔 Criminal Justice Research FAQs

Criminological and criminal justice research are the scientific studies of the causes and consequences, extent and control, nature, management, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on the social and individual levels.

Criminal justice and criminology are sciences that analyze the occurrence and explore the ways of prevention of illegal acts. Any conducted personal research and investigation should be supported by the implemented analytical methods from academic works that describe the given subject.

There are six interrelated areas of criminology research:

  • Cybercrime research makes law enforcement professionals keep up to date with the evolving technology.
  • Counter fraud research investigates cases of fraud and corruption.
  • Forensics research utilizes science: DNA recovery, fingerprinting, and forensic interviewing.
  • Research in policing investigates individual factors that may influence the work of police officers.
  • Penology explores the role of punishment in the criminal justice system.
  • The study of missing persons helps to identify patterns of victims’ behavior.

There are seven research methods in criminology:

  • Quantitative research methods measure criminological and criminal justice reality by assigning numerical values to concepts to find patterns of correlation, cause and effect.
  • Survey research collects information from a number of persons via their responses to questions.
  • Experimental research assesses cause and effect in two comparison groups.
  • Cross-sectional research studies one group at one point in time.
  • Longitudinal research studies the same group over a period of time.
  • Time-series designs study the same group at successive points in time.
  • Meta-analysis employs quantitative analysis of findings from multiple studies.

The basis of criminological theory is criminological research. It influences the development of social policies and defines criminal justice practice.

Criminological research doesn’t just enable law students to develop analytical and presentational skills. The works of criminal justice professionals, scholars, and government policymakers dictate the way law enforcement operates. The newest ideas born out of research identify corrections and crime prevention, too.

Here is a step-by-step instruction on how to write a criminal justice research paper:

  • Choose a topic
  • Read the materials and take notes
  • Come up with a thesis
  • Create an outline for your work
  • Draft the body
  • Start with a cover page, an abstract, and an intro
  • List the methods you used, and the results you got
  • Include a discussion
  • Sum it up with a conclusion
  • Don’t forget a literature review and appendices
  • Revise, proofread, and edit

The most common types of methodologies in criminal justice research include:

  • Observation of participants.
  • Surveys and interviews.
  • Observation of focus groups.
  • Conducting experiments.
  • Analysis of secondary data and archival study.
  • Mixed (a combination of the above methods).

Learn more on this topic:

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  • Good Research Topics, Titles and Ideas for Your Paper
  • The Differences Between Criminal Justice and Criminology: Which Degree Is Right for You? (Concordia St. Paul)
  • Corporate Crime: Britannica
  • The Development of Delinquency: NAP
  • Databases for Research & Education: Gale
  • A CS Research Topic Generator: Purdue University
  • A Introduction To The Federal Court System: US Department of Justice
  • Criminal Justice Research Topics: Broward College
  • Research Topics in Criminology: Cambridge Institute of Criminology
  • CRIMINOLOGY: University of Portsmouth
  • Research: Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, University of Maryland
  • Criminal Justice: RAND
  • Research Methods in Criminal Justice: Penn State University Libraries
  • Research: School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University
  • Criminology – Research Guide: Getting started (Penn Libraries)
  • Criminology Research Papers: Academia
  • The History & Development of the U.S. Criminal Justice System: Study.com
  • CRIMINAL JUSTICE & CRIMINOLOGY: Marshall University
  • Criminal Justice: Temple University
  • Criminal Justice: University of North Georgia
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The schools of criminology seems like such a fascinating field — it’s definitely not for the lighthearted though! Here in the Philippines, criminology as a course is highly underrated; hopefully that’ll change!

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Digital Commons @ USF > College of Behavioral and Community Sciences > Criminology > Theses and Dissertations

Criminology Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Efficacy of Online Social Movements for Sparking Change: The Case of the Missing Murdered and Indigenous Women Movement (#MMIW) , Kacy A. Bleeker

An Examination of Racial Disparities in Arrest Across Florida Counties, 1998-2018: A Test of the Racial Threat and Political Representation Hypotheses , Xavier D. Burch

The Invisible Victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation: Boys and Their Barriers to Access to Services , Amanda L. Connella

Damned & Damned: Examining Vexatious Litigation and the Vexatious Litigant Statute in Florida Courts , Sarah L. Harper

The Contributions of Mental Health Issues, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Adverse Childhood Experiences to Recidivism Among Rural Jail Incarcerees , Lauren N. Miley

Assessing the Relationship Between True Crime Documentary and Podcast Consumption, Fear of Crime, and Protective Behaviors , Lauren A. Tremblay

Police Officers’ Perceptions of Gunshot Detection Technology , Courtney L. Weber

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

A Macro Social Examination of the Relationship Between Disabilities and Crime Using Neighborhood and County Level Data , Natasha A. Baloch

Racial Differences in Perceptions of Sanction Severity , Sarah L. Franklin

Juvenile Homicide Offenders: A Life-Course Perspective , Norair Khachatryan

Exploring the Effectiveness of a Life-Skills Program in a Florida Prison Through a Social Bond and General Strain Theory Perspective , Danielle M. Thomas

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Clean Water for All: Examining Safe Drinking Water Act Violations of Water Systems and Community Characteristics , Junghwan Bae

Morality and Offender Decision-Making: Testing the Empirical Relationship and Examining Methodological Implications , Jacquelyn Burckley

The Ring of Gyges 2.0: How Anonymity Providing Behaviors Affect Willingness to Participate in Online Deviance , Cassandra E. Dodge

A Macro Analysis of Illegal Hunting and Fishing Across Texas Counties: Using an Economic Structural Approach , Leo J. Genco Jr.

Self-Protection in Cyberspace: Assessing the Processual Relationship Between Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making, Protection Motivation Theory, Cyber Hygiene, and Victimization , C. Jordan Howell

Racial Threat Theory: A Test of the Economic Threat Hypothesis , Carl L. Reeds

Online Perceptions of Panamanian Prisons and Incarcerated persons: An analysis of YouTube user comments , Mahaleth J. Sotelo

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Toxic Colonialism and Green Victimization of Native Americans: An Examination of the Genocidal Impacts of Uranium Mining , Averi R. Fegadel

Cross-National Incarceration Rates as Behavior of Law , Christopher J. Marier

The Effects of Perceived Motivations and Mental Distress on the Likelihood of Reporting and Engaging in Self-Protective Measures Among Victims of Stalking , Daniela Oramas Mora

Mental Health and In-Prison Experiences: Examining Socioeconomic and Sex Differences in the Effect of Mental Illness on Institutional Misconduct and Disciplinary Segregation , Rachel E. Severson

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Dating Application Facilitated Victimization: An Examination of Lifestyle-Routine Activities, Self-Control, and Self-Efficacy , Vanessa Centelles

Social Constructionism and Cultivation Theory in Development of the Juvenile “Super-Predator” , Elizabeth R. Jackson-Cruz

Bystander Intervention, Victimization, and Routine Activities Theory: An Examination of Feminist Routine Activities Theory in Cyber Space , Jennifer A. Leili

Sexual Assault and Robbery Disclosure: An Examination of Black’s Theory of the Behavior of Law , Caitlyn N. Muniz

Mass Shootings and Gun Sales: A Study on the Influence of Red and Blue Power , Maria Jose Rozo Osuna

A Multi-dimensional Macrolevel Study of Drug Enforcement Strategies, Heroin Prices, and Heroin Consumption Rates , Alexander G. Toth

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

The Impact of a Religious/Spiritual Turning Point on Desistance: A Lifecourse Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Differences , Rhissa Briones Robinson

Political Decisions on Police Expenditures: Examining the Potential Relationship Between Political Structure, Police Expenditures and the Volume of Crime Across US States , Xavier D. Burch

Identifying the Personal and Perceived Organizational Characteristics Associated with Job Satisfaction Among Juvenile Probation Staff , Julie M. Krupa

The Role of Organizational Justice in Predicting Attitudes Toward Body-Worn Cameras in Police Officers , Nathaniel L. Lawshe

Yet Another Ferguson Effect: An Exploratory Content Analysis of News Stories on Police Brutality and Deadly Force Before and After the Killing of Michael Brown , Carl Root

The Role of Race/Ethnicity and Risk Assessment on Juvenile Case Outcomes , Tayler N. Shreve

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Intimate Partner Violence and the Capacity and Desire for Self-Control , Krista Taralynne Brewer

School Shootings in the United States from 1997 to 2012: A Content Analysis of Media Coverage , Victoria N. Iannuzzi

Chronic Runaway Youth: A Gender-Based Analysis , Michelle N. Jeanis

A Test of Wikström’s Situational Action Theory Using Self-Report Data on Intimate Partner Violence , Lauren Nicole Miley

An Exploratory Study of Macro-Social Correlates of Online Property Crime , Hyojong Song

Female Incarceration and Prison Social Order: An Examination of Gender Differences in Prison Misconduct and In-Prison Punishments , Elisa L. Toman

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Role as Mitigators for Youthful and Non-Youthful Offenders in Capital Sentencing Cases , Jessica R. Trapassi

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Disinhibition, Violence Exposure, and Delinquency: A Test of How Self-Control Affects the Impact of Exposure to Violence , Wyatt Brown

The Guilty But Mentally Ill Verdict: Assessing the Impact of Informing Jurors of Verdict Consequences , Erin Elizabeth Cotrone

The Relationship between Psychopathic Personality Traits and Lying , Jason A. Dobrow

Delving into the Heart of Victimization Risk: Examining the Interactive Relationship between Demographic Factors and Context , Amy Sheena Eggers

A Power Conflict Approach to Animal Cruelty: Examining How Economic Power Influences the Creation of Animal Cruelty Laws , Leonard J. Genco

The Role of Gender in Self-Control and Intimate Partner Violence , Laura Marie Gulledge

The Restrictive Deterrent Effect of Warning Banners in a Compromised Computer System , Christian Jordan-Michael Howell

Tactics of Sexual Control and Negative Health Outcomes , Anna Elizabeth Kleppe

The Applicability of Criminology to Terrorism Studies: An Exploratory Study of ISIS Supporters in the United States , Amanda Marie Sharp Parker

The Path to Violent Behavior: The Harmful Aftermath of Childhood Trauma , Nicholas Michael Perez

The Effects of Racial Bias on Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence Scenarios , Batya Yisraela Rubenstein

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Reel or Reality? The Portrayal of Prostitution in Major Motion Pictures , Raleigh Blasdell

Psychopathy and Perception of Vulnerability , Barbara Joyce Dinkins

Effect of Empathy on Death Penalty Support in Relation to the Racial Divide and Gender Gap , Brian Godcharles

Exploring the Interactive Effects of Social Learning Theory and Psychopathy on Serious Juvenile Delinquency , Brandy Barenna Henderson

Tampa Electric Company's Big Bend Utility Plant in Hillsborough County, Florida: A Case Study , Lynne M. Hodalski-Champagne

Thirty Year Follow-Up of Juvenile Homicide Offenders , Norair Khachatryan

Organized Crime in Insurance Fraud: An Empirical Analysis of Staged Automobile Accident Rings , Chris Longino

The Role of Social Support in the Disclosure and Recovery Process of Rape Victims , Jessica Nicole Mitchell

Evaluating the Social Control of Banking Crimes: An Examination of Anti-Money Laundering Deficiencies and Industry Success , Erin M. Mulligan

Elite Deviance, Organized Crime, and Homicide: A Cross-National Quantitative Analysis , Carol L.s. Trent

An Evaluation of the Utah First District Mental Health Court: Gauging the Efficacy of Diverting Offenders Suffering With Serious Mental Illness , Stephen Guy VanGeem

Rape, Race, and Capital Punishment in North Carolina: A Qualitative Approach to Examining an Enduring Cultural Legacy , Douglas Wholl

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

The Tattoo: A Mark of Subversion, Deviance, or Mainstream Self-Expression? , Jocelyn Camacho

Juvenile and Adult Involvement in Double Parricide and Familicide in the U.S.: An Empirical Analysis of 20 Years of Data , Averi Rebekah Fegadel

Predicting Successful Drug Court Graduation: Exploring Demographic and Psychosocial Factors among Medication-Assisted Drug Court Treatment Clients , Autumn Michelle Frei

Experimentally Evaluating Statistical Patterns of Offending Typology For Burglary: A Replication Study , Lance Edwin Gilmore

Developmental Trajectories of Physical Aggression and Nonaggressive Rule-Breaking among At-risk Males and Females during Late Childhood and Early Adolescence , Eugena Givens

Predicting Fear of Crime using a Multilevel and Multi-Model Approach: A Study in Hillsborough County , Jonathan Maskaly

Public Knowledge and Sentiments about Elite Deviance , Cedric Michel

The Influence of Community Context on Social Control: A Multi-Level Examination of the Relationship between Race/Ethnicity, Drug Offending, and Juvenile Court Outcomes , Jennifer Peck

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Assessing the Relationship Between Hotspots of Lead and Hotspots of Crime , Kimberly L. Barrett

A Life-Course Approach to Sexual Offending: Examining the Continuity of Juvenile Sexual Offending into Adulthood and Subsequent Patterns of Recidivism , Maude Beaudry-Cyr

Examining the link between self-control and misconduct in a multi-agency sample of police supervisors: A test of two theories , Christopher Matthew Donner

The Impact of Hyperfemininity on Explicit and Implicit Blame Assignment and Police Reporting of Alcohol Facilitated Rape in a Sample of College Women , Sarah Ehlke

Rurality and Intimate Partner Homicide: Exploring the Relationship between Place, Social Structure, and Femicide in North Carolina , Amelia Kirkland

Self-Control, Attitudinal Beliefs, and White-Collar Crime Intentions , Melissa Anne Lugo

Zero Tolerance for Marginal Populations: Examining Neoliberal Social Controls in American Schools , Brian Gregory Sellers

State-Corporate Crime in the Democratic Republic of Congo , Veronica Jane Winters

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

The Walls Are Closing In: Comparing Property Crime Victimization Risk In Gated And Non-Gated Communities , Nicholas Branic

What Propels Sexual Homicide Offenders? Testing an Integrated Theory of Social Learning and Routine Activities Theories , Heng Choon Chan

A Deadly Way of Doing Business: A Case Study of Corporate Crime in the Coal Mining Industry , Charles Nickolas Stickeler

Deconstructing the "Power and Control Motive": Developing and Assessing the Measurability of Internal Power , Shelly Marie Wagers

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Assessing racial differences in offending trajectories: A life-course view of the race-crime relationship , Michael S. Caudy

Mental Health Courts Effectiveness in Reducing Recidivism and Improving Clinical Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis , Brittany Cross

General Strain Theory and Juvenile Delinquency: A Cross-Cultural Study , Wen-Hsu Lin

General Strain Theory, Race, and Delinquency , Jennifer Peck

Developmental Trajectories of Self-Control: Assessing the Stability Hypothesis , James Vance Ray

Explaining the "Female Victim Effect" in Capital Sentencing Decisions: A Case for Sex-Specific Models of Capital Sentencing Research , Tara N. Richards

A Multilevel Model of Police Corruption: Anomie, Decoupling, and Moral Disengagement , Ruth Zschoche

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

The Emotional Guardianship of Foreign-Born and Native-Born Hispanic Youth and Its Effect on Violent Victimization , Amy Sheena Eggers

The Influence of Narcissism and Self-Control on Reactive Aggression , Melissa L. Harrison

Is There an "Innocent Female Victim" Effect in Capital Punishment Sentencing? , Amelia Lane Kirkland

An Analysis of the Influence of Sampling Methods on Estimation of Drug Use Prevalence and Patterns Among Arrestees in the United States: Implications for Research and Policy , Janine Kremling

A Pathway to Child Sex Trafficking in Prostitution: The Impact of Strain and Risk-Inflating Responses , Joan A. Reid

Victimization Among Individuals With Low Self-Control: Effects on Fear Versus Perceived Risk of Crime , Casey Williams

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

Domestic Violence Within Law Enforcement Families: The Link Between Traditional Police Subculture and Domestic Violence Among Police , Lindsey Blumenstein

Rape Attitudes and Beliefs: A Replication Study , Rhissa Emily Briones

Reel Images: Representations of Adult Male Prisons by the Film Industry , Melissa E. Fenwick

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Home > USC Columbia > Arts and Sciences > Criminology and Criminal Justice > Criminology and Criminal Justice Theses and Dissertations

Criminology and Criminal Justice Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

The Risk of Protection: Examining the Contextual Effects of Child Protective Services on Child Maltreatment Fatalities in the U.S. , Cosette Morgan McCullough

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Too Feminine for Execution?: Gender Stereotypes and the Media’s Portrayal of Women Sentenced to Death , Kelsey M. Collins

Juveniles, Transferred Juveniles, and the Impact of a Criminal Record on Employment Prospects in Adulthood: An Experimental Study , Joanna Daou

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Why So Long? Examining the Nexus Between Case Complexity and Delay in Florida’s Death Penalty System , Corey Daniel Burton

The Criminalization of HIV and HIV Stigma , Deanna Cann

Views of Substance Use During Pregnancy: Social Responses to the Issue , Taylor Ruddy

The Spatial Variability of Crime: A Review of Methodological Choice, Proposed Models, and Methods for Illustrating the Phenomenon , Matthew D. Spencer

Community Corrections Officer Decision-Making: An Intersectional Analysis , Amber Leigh Williams Wilson

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

The Utility of Using Virtue Locales to Explain Criminogenic Environments , Hunter Max Boehme

Fostering Resilience in Correctional Officers , Jon Thomas Arthur Gist

The Impact of Race/Ethnicity on Sentencing: A Matching Approach , Travis Jones

Unraveling the Temporal Aspects of Victimization: The Reciprocal, Additive, and Cumulative Effects of Direct/Vicarious Victimization on Crime , Yeoju Park

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Media Influence on College Students' Perceptions of the Police , Matilda Foster

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Ohio's Certificate of Relief , Peter Leasure

Trends in the Prevalence of Arrest for Intimate Partner Violence Using the National Crime Victimization Survey , Tara E. Martin

Reading Between the Lines: An Intersectional Media Analysis of Female Sex Offenders in Florida Newspapers , Toniqua C. Mikell

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

The Short-Term Self-Control Stability of College Students , Nicholas James Blasco

Developmental Patterns of Religiosity in Relation to Criminal Trajectories among Serious Offenders across Adolescence and Young Adulthood , Siying Guo

Local Incarceration As Social Control: A National Analysis Of Social, Economic, And Political Determinants Of Jail Use In The United States , Heather M. Ouellette

Association Between Perception Of Police Prejudice Against Minorities And Juvenile Delinquency , Kwang Hyun Ra

A Quasi-Experimental Analysis Of School-Based Situational Crime Prevention Measures , Gary Zhang

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Sex Offender Policies that Spin the Revolving Door: An Exploration of the Relationships Between Residence Restrictions, Homelessness, and Recidivism , Deanna Cann

Untangling the Interconnected Relationships between Alcohol Use, Employment, and Offending , Margaret M. Chrusciel

Inmate Time Utilization And Well-Being , Mateja Vuk

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

The Socio-Legal Construction Of Adolescent Criminality: Examining Race, Community, And Contextual Factors Through The Lens Of Focal Concerns , Patrick Glen Lowery

The Impact Of Deinstitutionalization On Murders Of Law Enforcement Officers , Xueyi Xing

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Relationships Between Law Enforcement Officer-Involved Vehicle Collisions And Other Police Behaviors , John Andrew Hansen

In the Eye of the Beholder: Exploring the Dialogic Approach to Police Legitimacy , Justin Nix

Criminology on Crimes Against Humanity: A North Korean Case Study , Megan Alyssa Novak

General Strain Theory and Bullying Victimization: Do Parental Support and Control Alleviate the Negative Effects of Bullying , Jonathon Thompson

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Adultification in Juvenile Corrections: A Comparison of Juvenile and Adult Officers , Riane Miller Bolin

Perception of Police in Public Housing Communities , Taylor Brickley

Neighborhood Disorganization and Police Decision-Making in the New York City Police Department , Allison Carter

The Impact of Race on Strickland Claims in Federal Courts in the South , Wyatt Gibson

Lead Exposure and Crime , Tara Elaine Martin

GETTING AWAY WITH MURDER: HAZING, HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY, AND VICTIMIZATION , TONIQUA CHAREE MIKELL

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Policing Alcohol and Related Crimes On Campus , Andrea Nicole Allen

Gender and Programming: A Comparison of Program Availability and Participation in U.S. Prisons for Men and Women , Courtney A. Crittenden

Assessing the Impact of the Court Response to Domestic Violence in Two Neighboring Counties , Gillian Mira Pinchevsky

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Criminal Sentencing In the Court Communities of South Carolina: An Examination of offender, Judge, and County Characteristics , Rhys Hester

Examining the Effects of Religiosity and Religious Environments On Inmate Misconduct , Benjamin Dane Meade

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Criminologists' Opinions On Correctional Rehabilitation , Heather M. Ouellette

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

A Qualitative Analysis of the Etiology, Manifestation, and Institutional Responses to Self-Injurious Behaviors in Prison , Steven Doty

Theses/Dissertations from 2002 2002

The Effects of Administrative Factors on Police Officer Job Performance , Irick Anthony Geary Jr.

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Criminology Dissertation Topics: 20+ Examples for Inspiration

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by  Antony W

May 9, 2023

Criminology Dissertation Topics

Criminology is field that focuses on investigating crimes from a societal viewpoint, with an emphasis on offenders, their motivation, consequences, and prevention. Also, the subject examines human behavior in relation to crime.

Since criminologists investigate the societal foundations and consequences of crime, they also incorporate other subjects such as philosophy and anthropology.

When all of these fields of studies are used, a precise diagnosis of the underlying reason for criminal behavior is likely. Criminologists will then be able to develop effective and realistic strategies for averting criminal activities.

This post includes a list of the best criminology dissertation topics, which are ideas you can improve and investigate further in your assignment. Also, if you need help to work on this type of dissertation, especially if you’re already running out of time, you can get our dissertation writing help here.

Criminology Dissertation Topics Examples

The following is a list of some of the best criminology dissertation topics that you might consider exploring in your writing:

Criminology Dissertation Ideas Mental Health

  • The effect of harmful mental health disorders on an individual’s behavior
  • The role of a psychological examination in a criminal investigation
  • How the media affects a person’s mental health when they commit a crime
  • Utilizing community-based treatment centers to assist individuals with mental illnesses
  • Is it possible for an unlawful to fabricate a mental illness in order to avoid punishment?
  • Traumatic events that may serve as a catalyst for criminal activity
  • Mental treatments are critical for offenders accused with murder.

Also Read: The Complete Guide for Dissertation Defense

Controversial Dissertation Topics in Criminology

  • Was the Black Lives Matter movement tarnished by violence rather than by a desire for justice?
  • How parental estrangement contributes to future violence
  • Regulating prostitution will result in a decrease in crime.
  • Coronavirus has encouraged criminal activity on a scale never seen before.
  • When it comes to domestic abuse against people, the law is subjective.
  • Should the government raise the minimum age for obtaining a national identification card?
  • Is the media the primary catalyst for moral panics in society?
  • Demystifying social media as a crime scene in the technology era
  • Is it appropriate to inform rape perpetrators of their bail conditions?

Argumentative Dissertation Topics in Criminology

  • Is someone responsible for the growth of teenage gangs in a certain society?
  • Is it possible that political tensions are to blame for internal militia uprisings?
  • Are religious beliefs capable of becoming the source of terrorism?
  • Is gun regulation in the United States the first step toward increased crime rates?
  • Is racial abuse directed at international students a contributing factor to crime and violence?
  • Is crime more dangerous than natural catastrophes or infectious diseases?
  • Is parental monitoring effective in lowering teen crime?
  • Is education falling short in its job of instilling sound principles and character?
  • Is the boundary between law enforcement and criminology a fine one?
  • Is domestic violence directed only at women, or do males also suffer?

You May Also Like: Tips for Dissertation Reference

Masters and PhD. Criminology Dissertation Topic Ideas

  • Analyzing how marginalization and discrimination on the basis of religion contribute to crime
  • An examination of cybercrime laws and their role in preserving law and order
  • A critical examination of the United States government’s response to terrorism threats
  • Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people and crime: An examination of their role or influence
  • Corruption’s impact on a country’s political, social, economic, and security systems
  • A discourse study of the coronavirus’s influence on criminal behavior
  • Is it true that metropolitan environments foster more crime than rural regions?

General Dissertation Topic Ideas in Criminology

  • Age in criminology research in the context of capital punishment
  • Examining the consequences of police empowerment in high-crime neighborhoods of developing countries
  • An assessment of the major features of police personnel deployed in crime hotspots in the United Kingdom.
  • A study of how the season and topography of a location effect crime.
  • How residential architecture and community structures aid in crime prevention and management
  • How significant is the sociocultural background of a residential community in terms of the volume and quality of crime in the area?
  • An Analysis of Research on the financial and societal costs of crime deterrence in the United Kingdom
  • An assessment of the ramifications of political backing for criminal activity and its influence on the community
  • A phenomenological examination of students’ exposure to drugs and the criminal lifestyle in the United Kingdom
  • A review of pertinent literature on how gender affects crime in the United Kingdom
  • What can quantitative data tell us about the link between crime and unemployment?

Also Check: Custom Dissertation Writing Service

Criminology Dissertation Topics On Prison and Society

Prisons and convicts have long been a source of contention in British society. When selecting dissertation on social criminal offenders, condense your ideas to a single social element.

Here are some topic ideas to get you started: 

  • Should pupils be required to visit jail as part of their curriculum?
  • Is the imposition of jail sentences for economic or political offenses justified?
  • Eliminating negative stigma associated with ex-prisoners and social service.

Criminology Dissertation Topics On Crime and Justice

When someone commits a crime, people frequently consider the current criminal justice system, which has a variety of defects and benefits depending on who analyzes it.

Choosing a justice dissertation subject is not a simple effort, which is why you should explore the following topics:

  • The death penalty’s meaning in History video game violence and serial murderer cases
  • Control and reporting methods for gang activity: proof vs. official accounts
  • Alternative punishment methods: International System Comparisons

Criminology Dissertation Topics On Ethnicity and Race

Many of us are aware that certain crimes committed in the United Kingdom have racial or ethnic overtones. While these offenses have diminished in recent years, they continue to be widely publicized to educate people on how to prevent them and resolve any issues that arise.

Several ethnicity and race dissertation topics include the following:

  • How the media contribute to the emergence of racial hatred
  • Sports and legal ramifications of racial tensions
  • Laws that Could Help Reduce Crimes Against Ethnic Minorities Murders Across English Cities on the Basis of Race & Ethnic Minority
  • Inequality between races in the United Kingdom and South Africa

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

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Criminal Justice and Criminology Theses

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Theses/Dissertations from 2024 2024

Exploring Knowledge and Perceptions of Nursing Students: A Quantitative Study on Sexual Assault and Sex Trafficking Awareness , Isabella Marino

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

The Impact of ACEs on College Students and Their Major Choice , Britten Harrison

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Public Perceptions on Domestic Sex Trafficking and Domestic Sex Trafficking Victims: A Quantitative Analysis , Faith Browder

Evaluating the Influences of Domestic Violence Training on the Attitudes and Perceptions of Police Recruits at the East Tennessee Regional Law Enforcement Academy , Jeffrey T. Gazzo Mr.

The American and Swedish Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Study , Josefin Hedstrom

Perceived Stress Among Police and Correctional Officers , Travis D. Hill

Political Competition and Predictors of Hate Crime: A County-level Analysis , Eaven Holder

Examining the Relationship between Offending Behaviors of Adult Male Offenders and the Social Bonds of Attachment and Commitment , Josie Klepper

Police Perceptions on False Accusations of Sexual Assault , Danielle Ostrander

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Do Juvenile Offenders Hold to the Child Saving Mentality? The Results from a Survey of Juvenile Offenders Placed on Court Mandated Juvenile Probation , Katelynn R. Adams

Law Enforcement Officers’ Perceptions in Regard to Sex Offenders, SORN, and Residency Restrictions Laws , Maria Aparcero-Suero

Exploring the Social Trend of Household Computer Ownership in Affecting the United States 1990's Crime Drop , Alison Kimberley Bogar

Environmental Factors and School Disorder: The Role of Urbanicty , Brandon S. Coffey

Is Prison Why I’m sick? Examining Health Conditions Among Minority Males Within Correctional Facilities , Mary Hannah Hughes

The Effects of Employment on Recidivism Among Delinquent Juveniles , Leigh Kassem

A Content Analysis of Media Accounts of Death Penalty and Life Without Parole Cases , Lisa R. Kirk

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Policing Postsecondary Education: University Police Legitimacy and Fear of Crime on Campus , Christina N. Barker

Testing Specific Deterrence In The National Basketball Association: An Application Of Beccaria's Theory Of Deterrence , Michael McCutcheon

The Forgotten Signature: An Observational Study on Policy of Securing Identity in Prevention of Identity Theft and Credit/Debit Card Fraud at Retail Store POS Terminals , Belinda R. Wilson

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Social Disorganization, Extra-Curricular Activities, and Delinquency , Robyn G. Dougherty Ms.

The Effects of Gender, Race, and Age on Judicial Sentencing Decisions , April Miller

Assessing Victim Blame: Intersections of Rape Victim Race, Gender, and Ethnicity , Kirsten A. Piatak

Youth Bullying: From Traditional Bullying Perpetration to Cyberbullying Perpetration and the Role of Gender , Erica D. Sizemore

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Police Attitudes about Citizens with Handgun Carry Permits , Bonson F. Cook Jr.

Heavy Drinking Behaviors and Parental Influence Among Greek Affiliated College Students , Melodie Harris

When Women Kill , Giovanna C. Lima

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Race, Social Disorganization and Delinquency , Alina Bazyler

To Conform or Not to Conform: An Examination of the Effects of Mock Jury Deliberation on Individual Jurors , Ashley S. Bowser

Examining Juvenile Delinquency Contributors through Life-Course and Strain Theory , Caitlin E. Burns

Media Influences and Student Attitudes Toward Law Enforcement Figures Within Northeast Tennessee , George T. Ford IV

A Study of Surveillance and Privacy Rights , Jesse T. Kittle Mr.

How Psychology’s Empirical Results Can Benefit the Criminal Justice System: Expert Testimony , Ford C. McCurry

The Effects of Family Structure on Juvenile Delinquency , Alisha B. Parks

Police Militarization: Attitudes Towards the Militarization of the American Police , Phillip T. Wyrick

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Reflex of Avoidance in Spatial Restrictions for Signatures and Handwritten Entries , Linde Christine Rush Burkey

Public Perceptions Regarding Sex Offenders and Sex Offender Management , Jessica Duncan

An Analysis of Restorative Justice in Vermont: Assessing the Relationships Between the Attitudes of Citizens and the Practices of the Department of Corrections , Dustin Robert Melbardis

Childhood Factors Affecting Aggressive Behaviors , Nicole Danielle Waddell

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Race and Anomie: A Comparison of Crime Among Rural Whites and Urban Blacks Based on Social Structural Conditions. , Mical Dominique Carter

Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders Among State and Federal Prison Inmates. , John Richard Haggerty

An Analysis of The Handwriting of Elderly Chinese Subjects. , Dongfang Liu

Identifying Interventions That Work in Juvenile Justice: An Analysis of the Moral Kombat Program. , Thelma Deneen McGowan

Psychopathy and Gender of Serial Killers: A Comparison Using the PCL-R. , Chasity Shalon Norris

The Effects of Domestic Violence: The Male Victims Perspective. , RaMon B. Younger

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Examination of the Death Penalty: Public Opinion of a Northeast Tennessee University Student Sample. , Kyle Aaron Burgason

Wrongful Convictions as a Result of Public Defender Representation. , Annie Elizabeth Ross

An Analysis of Monitoring the Future: A Look at the Relationship between Juvenile Delinquency and Involvement in School. , Thomas Theodore Zawisza

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

Examining Orders of Protection: An Analysis of the Court System in a Rural Tennessee County. , Jaclyn Anderson

An Exploratory Analysis of the Psychological Dimensions of Airline Security and Correlates of Perceived Terrorism Threats: A Study of Active American Airlines Pilots. , Paul Martin Borowsky

An Examination of Patterns and Trends of Prescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents. , Maggie Marie Orender

A Social Control Based Analysis of the Effect of Community Context upon Self Reported Delinquency Rates. , Jacqueline Marie Parlier

The Formation of "Outsider" Through Labeling and Sentence Lengths for Immigrants of Hispanic Descent. , Jeremy Jason Smith

Eyewitness Recall of Noncriminal Events: An Examination of Demographic Characteristics with a Selected Population. , Jessica R. VanEaton

Predicting Views of Sex Offenders and Sex Offender Policies Through Life Experiences. , Vanessa Hatch Woodward

Theses/Dissertations from 2008 2008

College Student Vulnerability to Harmful Religious Groups Based on Perceptions. , Kevin Clark Dreher

Forensic Gunshot Residue Distance Determination Testing Using Identical Make and Model Handguns and Different Ammunitions. , Stanley Keith Hodges

Police Stress: An Examination of the Effects of Stress and Coping Strategies. , Derrick Kenwright

Local Law Enforcement's Counter Terrorism Capabilities. , J. Ryan Presnell

Predicting Behavior from Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality Traits in a Student Sample. , Maryann Stone

Theses/Dissertations from 2007 2007

Adolescents and Marijuana Use: The Affects of Peer and Parent Relationships and Substance Abuse Education. , Samuel Joseph Cosimano

Media: Effects on Attitudes toward Police and Fear of Criminal Victimization. , Bradley Edwards

Juveniles Adjudicated in Adult Court: The Effects of Age, Gender, Race, Previous Convictions, and Severity of Crime on Sentencing Decisions. , Ashley Michelle Holbrook

Examining Significant Differences of Gunshot Residue Patterns Using Same Make and Model of Firearms in Forensic Distance Determination Tests. , Heather Lewey

Racial Profiling and Policing in North Carolina: Reality or Rhetoric? , Randal J. Sluss

Analysis of Selected Correlates of Spouse Abuse and the Policy Implications for the Criminal Justice System. , Marlys Kay Tester

Cinema, Race, and Justice: A Qualitative Analysis of Selected Themes. , Katherine Clay Thompson

Theses/Dissertations from 2006 2006

An Examination of the Prison Environment: An Analysis of Inmate Concerns across Eight Environmental Dimensions. , Andrew Ryan Bradford

Improving Parent and Teen Conflict Resolution Skills: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the "Family Reunion" Crisis Intervention Program. , Carrie Davis Marchant

Bullying Behavior in Middle School: The Effects of Gender, Grade Level, Family Relationships, and Vicarious Victimization on Self-Esteem and Attitudes of Bullying. , Jennifer Mongold

The Relationship between Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use among Teenagers. , John Donald Rose

Theses/Dissertations from 2005 2005

A Qualitative Study: Gendered Perceptions of Bullying among Adolescents at a Boys and Girls Club. , Beverly Small Chandley

Intimate Violence: The Effects of Family, Threatened Egotism, and Reciprocity. , Jessica Lynne Holt

Satisfaction with Police Services among Residents of Washington County, Tennessee: A Survey of Citizens' Attitudes and Opinions. , Russell Jamerson

The Effect of Early Childhood Attachment on Delinquency and Behavior and the Continuance into Adulthood. , Cyndi Sheree Nichols

Juvenile Commitment Rate: The Effects of Gender, Race, Parents, and School. , Mitchell Andrew Thompson

Theses/Dissertations from 2004 2004

Justice for All?: Victim Satisfaction with Restorative Justice Conferences. , Sarah Anne Behtz

Juveniles' Attitudes toward the Police as Affected by Prior Victimization. , Joshua A. Hardin

Marijuana Use by Juveniles: The Effects of Peers, Parents Race, & Drug Abuse Resistance Education. , Daniel J. Moeser

Theses/Dissertations from 2003 2003

Oleoresin Capsicum: an Analysis of the Implementation of Pepper Spray into the Law Enforcement Use of Force Continuum in a Selected Police Department. , Lydia Denise Adkins

The Combined Effects of Criminal Justice Intervention on Domestic Violence: A Re-Analysis of the Minneapolis Intervention Project. , Nadia A. Bebawy

Using the Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities to Compare Female and Male Inmate Characteristics. , Jacqueline Anita Black

Police Officers' Perception of the Validity of the General Theory of Crime. , William Jaison Giesler

The Effect of Prior Consensual Sex between the Victim and the Offender on the Prosecutor's Decision to File Charges in Sexual Assault Cases. , Kimberly Brooke Hollifield

Satisfaction with Police Services among Residents of Elizabethton, Tennessee. , Kelly Brooke Mullins

Misguided Instructions: Do Jurors Accurately Understand the Law in Death Penalty Trials? , Chasity Anne Stoots-Fonberg

Theses/Dissertations from 2002 2002

Role of Police, Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys in Traffic Accident Investigation and Adjudication in Chattanooga, Tennessee. , Karen L. Beisel

Athletic Participation: A Test of Learning and Neutralization Theories. , Mario Bernard Hankerson

Theses/Dissertations from 2001 2001

An Examination of Juvenile Delinquency and Victimization Using an Integrated Model Approach. , Kimberly Dawn Dodson

Involvement in Sports and Engagement in Delinquency: An Examination of Hirschi's Social Bond Theory. , Randy Hass

Characteristics of Recidivism among Intensive and Regular Probationers. , Jennifer Joseph

The Effects of Higher Education on Police Officers' Attitudes toward Personnel Issues, Public Relations and Crime Fighting. , Steven Matthew O'Quinn

Parents, Peers, and Developmental Trajectories toward Crime. , Kimberly A. Verhegge

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Home > School, College, or Department > CUPA > Criminology and Criminal Justice > Theses

Criminology and Criminal Justice Masters Theses

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Do Frameworks Matter? Testing the Framing Effect on Public Support for Prison Pell Grants , Natalie Miles Burke

Community Supervision: Perspectives of Probation and Parole Officers and Supervisors on Key Supervision Approaches and Policy Changes , Asianna Nelson

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Examining Probation Lengths in Philadelphia, PA , Madeline Grace Davis

A Walk in the Park: A Spatial Analysis of Crime and Portland Parks , Cheyenne Pamela Hodgen

Testing the LS/CMI for Predictive Accuracy: Does Age Matter? , Sandra Stephanie Lawlor

A Day Late and a Dollar Short: Examining Perceptions of Which Exonerees Deserve Compensation , Alexandra Pauline Olson

The Effect of Peer Relationships and Cyberbullying Victimization on Young Adults' Propensity to Cyberbully , Taaj Weraphorn Orr

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Identifying the Cost of Preventable Chronic Disease in Prison: Can Illness Prevention of Adults in Custody Save Money? , Molly Bineham

Is More Always Better? A Look at Visitation and Recidivism , Teriin Lee

Open Crime Maps: How Are Police Departments Doing So Far? , Khaing Sandee Lynn

Incarceration and Suicide: Do the Risk Factors Differ for Civilians and Veterans? , Rheannon Gail Ramsey

Marijuana-related Crime in Oregon Following Legalization of Recreational Use , Ana Alicia Soto

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

A Systematic Content Analysis of the Justice Reinvestment Programs Across Oregon Counties , Lorena Ambriz

Juveniles in the Interrogation Room: Defense Attorneys as a Protective Factor , Caitlin Noelle August

Time Series Analysis Evaluating Mortality Rates and the Differences of How States Investigate Deaths , Jordan M. Bruhn

Intimate Partner Violence Risk Assessment: the Additive Value of Victim Reported Risk , Jennifer Joanne Johnson

Correctional Quackery: a Study of Program Availability and Inmate Assaults in Adult Correctional Facilities , Casey Jay Legere

Identifying Typologies of Failure to Appear , Ciara McGlynn

Understanding Fare Evasion Defendant Compliance: an Assessment of Criminal Records , Nataly Nunez Vasquez

Crime Risk near Reported Homeless Encampments: a Spatial Analysis , Kortney Lynn Russell

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Spatial Analysis of Burglary and Robbery Crime Concentration Near Mass-Transit in Portland , Bryce Edward Barthuly

An Evaluation of Clackamas County's Transition Center Using Propensity Score Modeling , Alicia de Jong McKay

Situational Context of Police Use of Deadly Force: a Comparison of Black and White Subjects of Fatal Police Shootings , Shana Lynn Meaney Ruess

Effects of Regulation Intensity on Marijuana Black Market After Legalization , Sikang Song

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

An Assessment of Sentencing Disparities among American Indians within the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Federal Circuit Courts , Makenzie Laron Aaby

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Justice Reinvestment Legislation in Oregon: Analyses of State and County Implementation , Christopher Wade Dollar

The Influence of Information on Public Support for Solitary Confinement: a Test of Belief Updating and Confirmation Bias , Kayla J. LaBranche

An Experimental Study on the Impact of Informal Rape Myth Education to Alter Rape Myth Acceptance Scores in a Non-Student Sample , Leah Noelle Reddy

Anti-LGB Hate Crimes: Political Threat or Political Legitimization? , Johanna R. Shreve

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Policing in an Era of Sousveillance: the Influence of Video Footage on Perceptions of Legitimacy , Megan Elizabeth Mohler

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Beyond Black and White: An Examination of Afrocentric Facial Features and Sex in Criminal Sentencing , Amanda Mae Petersen

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Bringing Functional Family Probation Services to the Community: A Qualitative Case Study , Denise Lynmarie Austin

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Drowning In It: State Crime and Refugee Deaths in the Borderlands , Brandy Marie Cochrane

The Influence of Parental Gender on the Type of Communication between Incarcerated Parents and Their Children , Sarah Renee Lazzari

Child Welfare and Delinquency: Examining Differences in First-Time Referrals of Crossover Youth within the Juvenile Justice System , Courtney Nicole Shrifter

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Identifying Victims of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in a Juvenile Custody Setting , Jonathan Dickinson Dabney

Campus Sexual Assault: How Oregon University System Schools Respond , Michael William Murphy

The Prevalence and Predictive Nature of Victimization, Substance Abuse & Mental Health on Recidivism: A Comparative Longitudinal Examination of Male and Female Oregon Department of Corrections Inmates , Anastacia Konstantinos Papadopulos

Social and Human Capital: Contributing Effects of Incarceration on Neighborhoods , Jacqueline Victoria Swofford

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

An Empirical Assessment of the CAN SPAM Act , Alex Conrad Kigerl

Theses/Dissertations from 2002 2002

Discrimination and Nepotism within Police Specialty Units , Robert Norvell Hollins III

Theses/Dissertations from 2000 2000

An Evaluation of Recidivism Rates for Resolutions Northwest's Victim-Offender Mediation Program , Karin Jewel Stone

Theses/Dissertations from 1997 1997

An Historical Perspective of Oregon's and Portland's Political and Social Atmosphere in Relation to the Legal Justice System as it Pertained to Minorities: With Specific Reference to State Laws, City Ordinances, and Arrest and Court Records During the Period -- 1840-1895 , Clarinèr Freeman Boston

Law Enforcement Attitudes toward the 1989 Oregon Firearms Law and Gun Control , Andrew Schneiderman

Theses/Dissertations from 1996 1996

An Exploratory Inquiry into Community Policing Using Focus Groups: Perspectives from Social Service Providers , Tanya Leigh Ostrogorsky

Theses/Dissertations from 1995 1995

An Assessment of the Impact of Intimate Victim-Offender Relationship on Sentencing in Serious Assault Cases , Laura J. Hickman

Indigent v. Non-Indigent Sex Offenders: An Analysis of Sentencing in Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington Counties, Oregon , Dorelei Victoria Linder

The Portland Public School Police: Formative Years - 1937 to 1953 , Natalie Anne Woods

Theses/Dissertations from 1993 1993

Police Stress: A Literature Study on Police Occupational Stressors and the Responses in Police Officers to Stressful Job Events , Katarina Ahlstrom Mannheimer

Theses/Dissertations from 1992 1992

Race, aggravated murder, and the death sentence in Multnomah County, Oregon, 1984-1990 : a descriptive analysis and review , Patrick Arthur Jolley

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Review our examples before placing an order, learn how to draft academic papers, criminology dissertation examples: a step-by-step guide.

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example title of thesis in criminology

Are you a student of criminology? Do you dream of uncovering the truth behind some of society's most perplexing crimes? You're in luck!

If you are studying criminal justice, sociology, or related fields, criminology dissertations are a great achievement.

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Get 3+ Free Criminology Dissertation Topics within 24 hours . Crafting a successful dissertation can take months, and this makes it essential to start out on the right foot. That's why we've assembled this guide on crafting a criminology dissertation in order to make the writing experience as easy and successful as possible. Visit our criminology dissertation examples pdf mentioned below to gain a better understanding. Example: 1   Investigating Cyberbullying and its Impact on Adolescent's Mental Health

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What is a Criminology Dissertation?

A criminology dissertation is a research paper that focuses on the study of criminal behaviour and its causes, consequences, and prevention techniques. It provides an in-depth analysis of a specific issue related to crime and society.

When writing a dissertation, you may wonder: What topics can I choose?

 Well, the possibilities are nearly endless!

You can explore the social implications of specific crimes, analyze policies and laws related to criminal justice, discuss theories of punishment, or examine the effectiveness of correctional programs.

Don't forget to include some real-world examples to support your arguments. When done right, your criminology dissertation can be a great asset in helping you get into grad school or land a job in law enforcement.

Criminology Dissertation Examples

If you are looking for the best criminology thesis title example for 2023, so you can consider the following suggestions:

PhD Criminology Dissertation Examples

  • Exploring the Relationship between Neighborhood Characteristics and Crime Rates: A Criminological Study
  • The Impact of Incarceration on Families: A Criminological Analysis of the Collateral Consequences of Mass Incarceration
  • Assessing the Effectiveness of Community Policing Strategies: A Criminological Evaluation of Program Implementation and Outcomes
  • Examining the Relationship between Gender and Crime: A Criminological Analysis of the Role of Socialization and Power Dynamics
  • The Politics of Crime Control: A Criminological Analysis of the Role of Ideology and Power in Criminal Justice Policy
  • The Impact of Technology on Criminal Behavior: A Criminological Study of Cybercrime and Digital Forensics
  • Exploring the Role of Social Networks in Criminal Activity: A Criminological Analysis of Gangs and Organized Crime
  • Assessing the Impact of Restorative Justice on Recidivism: A Criminological Evaluation of Program Implementation and Outcomes

Master Criminology Dissertation Examples

  •  The Role of Social Media in Facilitating Hate Crimes: A Criminological Analysis
  •  The Criminalization of Homelessness: A Criminological Analysis of Anti-Homeless Ordinances and their Impact on Vulnerable Populations
  • The Influence of Masculinity on Violent Crime: A Criminological Exploration
  • Police Use of Force: A Comparative Criminological Analysis of Practices in the United States and Europe
  • The Impact of Community-Based Corrections Programs on Recidivism Rates: A Criminological Evaluation
  • The Criminology of Environmental Crime: An Exploration of Corporate Crime and Environmental Harm
  •  The Role of Family Dynamics in Juvenile Delinquency: A Criminological Analysis of Risk Factors and Protective Factors
  •  The Intersection of Immigration and Crime: A Criminological Analysis of Public Discourse and Policy

Undergraduate Criminology Dissertation Example

  • The Relationship between Gun Ownership and Crime Rates: A Case Study
  • Exploring the Impact of Victim-Offender Mediation on Restorative Justice: A Case Study
  • The Impact of Racial Profiling on Policing Practices: A Case Study
  • The Influence of Media Portrayals on Perceptions of Crime: A Case Study
  • The Impact of Technology on Policing Practices: A Criminological Analysis of Surveillance and Privacy
  • The Relationship between Substance Abuse and Crime: A Case Study
  • The Criminology of White-Collar Crime: A Case Study of Enron Fraud

How to Write a Criminology Dissertation Example?

Criminology is a field that has long been concerned with understanding the causes and consequences of crime. And writing a dissertation is an important component of a criminology degree. However, writing a dissertation can be a daunting task, especially for those who are new to the process.

The component is listed and discussed below:

  • Topic selection
  • Data Analysis

Literature Review

Methodology

  • Findings /Discussion

A.  Topic Selection For Criminology Dissertation

Selecting a criminology dissertation topic can be a challenging task, but it is also an opportunity to explore an area of interest and contribute to the field of criminology. Your criminology dissertation topic should be meaningful, relevant, and original. With careful consideration and planning, you can select a criminology dissertation topic that will contribute to the field and help you achieve your academic and professional goals.

B.  Criminology Dissertation Data Analysis

Data analysis is a big task after finalizing a dissertation topic. This process involves using various statistical and analytical techniques to identify patterns, trends, and relationships within the data. The purpose of data analysis is to answer the research questions that were posed in the dissertation, as well as to provide insights into the broader field of criminology.

C.  Criminology Dissertation Literature Review

The literature review is an important component of any dissertation; it provides complete existing research, identifies gaps in the literature, and highlights areas where new research is needed.

The literature review is a critical component of a criminology dissertation, as it provides the context for the research, justifies the significance of the research question, and highlights the original contribution of the research to the field of criminology.

D.  Methodology for Criminology Dissertation

Choosing the right methodology is crucial for a compelling dissertation in criminology. The methodology section should provide a clear and detailed description of the research process, including the procedures that will be used to ensure the reliability and validity of the data. It should also justify the chosen methods by explaining how they align with the research questions and contribute to the broader field of criminology.

E.  Discussion for Criminology Dissertation

Discussion is a critical component of the dissertation, as it provides an opportunity to evaluate the research study's contributions to the field of criminology, identify areas for improvement, and suggest future research directions. The discussion section should be written in a clear and concise manner and should demonstrate the student's understanding of the significance and implications of the research findings.

F.  Result of Criminology Dissertation

The results section of a criminology dissertation presents the findings of the research study. The primary objective of the results section is to provide a clear and concise description of the research findings, which should be presented in a logical and organized manner.

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Criminology dissertation example: a case study.

Topic: The Criminology of White-Collar Crime: A Case Study of Enron Fraud

White-collar crime, particularly corporate fraud, is a significant problem in many countries, leading to severe economic consequences and public distrust in the financial system. This research paper examines the criminology of white-collar crime, using a case study of corporate fraud as an illustration. The study investigates the causes and consequences of corporate fraud, as well as the legal and regulatory responses to such crimes. Using a qualitative approach, the research draws upon secondary data from academic articles, government reports, and media sources to analyze the Enron scandal as a case study of corporate fraud. The paper concludes that corporate fraud is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon involving a range of factors, including organisational culture, individual behaviour, regulatory failure, and societal attitudes towards wealth and power.

Primary Aim and Objective

The case study aims to provide an analysis of the Enron scandal as an illustration of the criminology of white-collar crime, examining the causes and consequences of the Enron fraud, including the role of Enron's organizational culture, corporate governance structure and regulatory environment in facilitating the crime. It also seeks to identify the key features of the Enron scandal that make it a case of white gun crime, such as accounting loopholes and special purpose entities to manipulate financial statements, insider trading, and other forms of financial deception. The study also assesses the legal and regulatory responses to the Enron scandal and the criminal prosecutions of executives and evaluates their effectiveness in deterring future white-white crime. The objective of this case study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of White-collar Crime and to inform future efforts to prevent and deter such crimes.

White-collar crime is a subject of extensive research and debate in criminology and related fields. Scholars have examined the causes, consequences, and regulatory responses to white-collar crime, as well as its impact on society and the economy. This literature review provides a summary of the key themes and debates in the field of white-collar crime, focusing on their relevance to the Enron scandal as a case of corporate fraud.

This case study examines the Enron scandal as a case of white-collar crime, drawing on relevant literature, secondary sources, and legal documents. The research uses a qualitative approach to identify key themes and patterns in the data, such as the causes and consequences of the fraud, as well as the legal and regulatory responses to the crime. The analysis is based on a critical criminology perspective, which emphasises the social, economic, and political factors that contribute to the Commission on White-collar Crime. To mitigate the limitations of the available data and the potential biases in the sources consulted, the study draws on multiple sources of data and examines them critically to develop a comprehensive understanding of the Enron scandal and its implications for the Criminology of white.-collar crime.

The Enron scandal highlighted the importance of organisational and structural factors in facilitating white-collar crime, the use of complex financial instruments such as special purpose entities and accounting loopholes, and the economic, social, and political consequences of white.-collar crime. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and increased enforcement efforts, however, have yet to be debated about their effectiveness. The findings of this case study demonstrate the need for a qualitative approach that takes into account the wider economic and political context and the role of these factors in facilitating such crime.

The Enron scandal provides a powerful case study of the criminology of white-collar crime and its implications for society and the economy. The findings of this study highlight the importance of organizational and structural factors in facilitating white-collar crime, as well as the use of complex financial instruments to perpetrate such crime. The Enron scandal also illustrates the significant economic, social, and political consequences of white-collar crime and the need for effective legal and regulatory responses to prevent and deter such crime.

In conclusion, the Enron scandal is a powerful reminder of the importance of understanding white-collar crime and its impact on society and the economy. The lessons learned from this case study can inform efforts to prevent and deter white-collar crime in the future and to hold those responsible for such crime accountable for their actions.

Top Dissertation Ideas for Criminology

Writing a dissertation for your criminology degree can be daunting, but don't worry—you've got this! You just need a great topic to focus on. To help get you started, here are some ideas that have been successful before:

  • Linking Social Factors and Crime Rates : Research the social factors that contribute to higher crime rates in certain locations or situations.
  • Understanding Reforms and Their Impact : Study the efficacy of existing criminal justice reforms and what difference they have made in different contexts.
  • Exploring Nature and Nurture : Examine the ways in which both nature and nurture shape criminal behaviour.
  • Looking at Drugs & Crime : Investigate the connections between drug use and crime, as well as how drug policy affects crime rates.
  • Examining Crime Prevention Strategies : Analyze existing strategies for preventing crime and how effective they are in different contexts.

No matter which direction you end up following, make sure that you centre your research around a specific issue or question about criminology. This will help you create a focused argument that will be both captivating to your readers and beneficial to you in terms of proving your point. Good luck!

Guidelines for Developing a Criminology Thesis

If you're interested in crafting a criminology dissertation, there are a few guidelines you should keep in mind. Being well-informed about the dissertation topics of criminology and having the right resources is extremely important. Here are some tips to consider when developing a criminology thesis:

1.  First Research About Criminology Dissertation Topic

Before you start writing, it's best to research the topic thoroughly. Start by familiarising yourself with criminal behaviour theories , crime causation theories, and various forms of crime prevention strategies. Additionally, read up on recent criminology studies and relevant policy reforms. This will help you make informed decisions when constructing your argument and formulating an effective thesis statement.

2.  Narrow Down Your Focus on Criminology Dissertation Topic

Once you have done the initial research, it's time to narrow down your focus and identify a specific issue or question that drives your paper. When selecting an issue to write about, make sure that your topic is narrowed down enough so that it can be explored deeply within the page limit of your dissertation.

3.  Build Your Argument for Criminology Dissertation Topic

Once you have identified an appropriate research question or hypothesis for your project, it's time to start building your argument. When crafting an argument for a criminology dissertation, try to provide evidence from reliable sources in order to back up your points and illustrate why they are valid and important. Additionally, be sure to evaluate each point carefully and discuss any possible counterarguments throughout the body of the paper. By providing evidence-based arguments that consider differing perspectives on a given issue, you can more effectively convince readers of the validity of your thesis statement.

Crafting a criminology dissertation can be a daunting and intimidating task. From finding the right topic and reviewing the latest research to constructing a compelling argument, there is a lot to consider. The examples and ideas presented in this article provide a starting point for your research and writing.

By focusing on the basics of crafting a criminology dissertation, you can avoid the common pitfalls and produce a dissertation that will stand out. By understanding the fundamentals, conducting thorough research, finding good sources, and organizing an argument, you can secure an impressive grade on your criminology dissertation.

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Thesis writing can seem like a very daunting task but your Criminology & Criminal Justice librarian, Nadine Anderson, is here to help. Contact me at [email protected] with your questions about identifying research gaps, finding sources for your literature review, and putting together your thesis proposal.

1.  Identify a research gap : your thesis should address a research gap which you identify in the literature, a research question or problem which has not been addressed in your area of interest.

2.  Build and defend your thesis proposal : a written document that outlines what you're going to study and why it's important, as well as the methods you will use to study your thesis topic.

3. To graduate after successfully defending your Master's thesis:

The Graduate Studies Office requires you to have your thesis submitted to  Deep Blue (the University of Michigan's institutional repository) in order to release your final grade. You and your advisor can choose from either of the following process options below to have your thesis submitted to Deep Blue

The deadlines for submission for either option  are:

  • Fall 2023: December 4, 2023
  • Winter 2024: April 14, 2024

Option 1: Submit your Master's Thesis for a format check before you have it submitted to Deep Blue

  • Your thesis needs to be finalized and approved by your Thesis Chair before you submit it for a format check
  • Use the Master's Thesis Formatting Checklist below to make sure that your thesis meets the Graduate Studies Office formatting requirements for Masters theses. 
  • Library staff will check your thesis once using the Master's Thesis Formatting Checklist (see below) against the Graduate Studies Office formatting requirements for Masters theses.
  • Library staff will send you an email that includes the formatting revisions needed as well as a link to the Deep Blue Submission form 
  • You will also add information about your thesis needed for Deep Blue submission
  • You will then submit your Master's Thesis as a pdf file with embedded fonts for Deep Blue

Option 2: Waive a format check and just submit your thesis to Deep Blue

  • Fill out the Thesis/Dissertation Waiver Statement  and have your committee chair sign it
  • This statement must be  signed by your committee chair before you submit it
  • Library staff will send you an email that includes the link to the Deep Blue Submission form 

To help you format your Word document correctly , use:

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5 Tips to Create a Strong Research Title for Criminology Students

5 Tips to Create a Strong Research Title for Criminology Students

When studying criminology in college, one of the most crucial aspects is the research title. This title serves as the first impression for researchers, peers, and even potential employers. A strong research title can make your work shine and grab attention in a crowded database of criminological cases and investigations. It sets the tone for your entire research proposal, dissertation, or thesis, giving a glimpse into the purpose and implications behind your study.

So, how do you write a tip-top research title in criminology? Here are five tips that will help you create a compelling title:

1. Be Clear and Concise: The title should clearly indicate the topic or issue you are investigating. Avoid using vague or ambiguous terms that make it difficult for readers to understand the focus of your study. For example, instead of “The Implication of Digital Technologies in Criminology,” try “The Role of Digital Technologies in Investigating Wildlife Crimes.”

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2. Use Strong Keywords: Incorporating specific keywords in your title will not only help readers find your research, but it will also make it easier for you to locate relevant sources and literature. Consider using terms such as “juvenile delinquency,” “law enforcement,” “societies,” or “criminal activities” to give a clear idea of the area you are exploring.

3. Highlight the Novelty or Uniqueness: If your research addresses an under-explored topic or uses innovative methodologies, make sure to highlight that in the title. For instance, instead of “A Basic Examination of Theft Cases,” try “Unraveling the Metrics behind 480 Theft Cases: A Novel Approach.”

4. Emphasize the Implications: A good research title in criminology should reveal the potential implications or practical applications of your study. Whether it’s suggesting new policies, enhancing law enforcement techniques, or highlighting the socio-economic impact of crimes, a title that captures the purpose and implications of your research will generate interest among readers.

5. Be Mindful of Ethical Considerations: When crafting your title, ensure that you are adhering to ethical guidelines and avoiding any potential biases or discriminatory language. For example, instead of “Racism in Jury Decision-making,” you could reframe it as “The Role of Race in Jury Decision-making: An Examination of Rule-of-Law Policies.”

Remember, your research title speaks volumes about your study and expertise. By following these tips, you’ll be able to create a strong and attention-grabbing title that sets your criminological research apart from others.

Tips for Creating a Strong Research Title in Criminology

  • Be specific: Use concise and specific words to convey the main focus of your research. For example, instead of a broad title like “Crime in Society”, you can write “Exploring the Socioeconomic Factors of Juvenile Theft in 2023”. This not only helps you narrow down your research scope but also makes your title more interesting.
  • Include keywords: Use relevant keywords that represent the key concepts of your research. For instance, if your research is about racial discrimination in the criminal justice system, you can include keywords like “racial discrimination”, “criminal justice system”, and “criminology”. This will help other researchers find your paper in academic databases.
  • Highlight the novelty: If your research introduces new ideas, techniques, or metrics in criminology, make sure to highlight them in your title. For example, instead of a generic title like “Studying Digital Crimes”, you can write “A Systematic Investigation of Digital Electoral Fraud: New Techniques for Enforcers”. This will make your research stand out from others.
  • Emphasize the significance: If your research addresses a critical issue or fills a gap in existing knowledge, emphasize it in your title. For example, instead of a vague title like “Research on Crimes”, you can write “Unmasking the Religious and Racial Motivations behind Hate Crimes: A Critical Analysis”. This conveys the importance of your research.
  • Keep it short and readable: While it’s important to include relevant information in your title, it’s equally important to keep it concise and readable. Aim for a title that is around 10-12 words, easy to understand, and well-structured. Avoid using complex jargon or acronyms that may confuse readers.

By following these tips, you’ll be able to create a strong research title in criminology that helps you shine in your college studies and beyond. Remember to define and refine your title through the course of your research, as it may evolve based on your findings and the final purpose of your paper.

Understand the Importance of a Research Title

When studying criminology, you’ll explore various aspects of crime and criminal activity, such as theft, discrimination, racial biases, mental health implications, and the justice system. A strong research title can give a hint about the specific area of focus, be it exploring the reasons behind criminal behaviors or analyzing the effectiveness of certain law enforcement policies.

For criminology students, a research title can showcase their understanding of basic research methods and their ability to conduct systematic studies. Whether you’re a senior student working on your dissertation or a college student writing a research paper, a well-crafted research title can help you shine and demonstrate your expertise in the field.

Moreover, a strong research title can also attract the attention of criminologists, researchers, and lawyers who are looking for insightful and thought-provoking studies in the field. It can even catch the eye of experts in other disciplines who could find the implications of your research useful in their own work.

Creating a strong research title requires careful thought and consideration. You need to outline the main idea or argument behind your research and choose words that accurately represent your study. Whether you’re using quantitative or qualitative research methods, your title should reflect the core focus of your research and the questions you aim to answer.

Remember, the goal of a research title is to not only grab attention but also convey the significance and implication of your study. It should give readers a glimpse into the unique contribution your research makes to the field of criminology, whether it’s shedding light on juvenile crime patterns, the impact of certain policies on different communities, or the role of eyewitness testimonies in the courts.

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Overall, understanding the importance of a research title is critical when studying criminology. It is the first impression that readers, researchers, and experts will have of your work. By crafting a strong and impactful title, you can effectively convey the essence of your research, attract the attention of others in the field, and contribute to the ongoing discussions and advancements in criminological studies.

Focus on Relevance and Originality

One way to ensure relevance is by exploring topics that are currently of interest in the field. For example, you could investigate the mental health implications of juvenile delinquency, the systemic effects of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system, or the role of technology in criminal activities. By choosing such timely and thought-provoking subjects, you can attract the attention of researchers and make a meaningful contribution to the discourse.

Originality is another key factor in creating a strong research title. While it is important to build upon existing studies and theories, make sure your approach, methodology, or focus brings something new to the table. Consider examining a topic from a different angle, using innovative research techniques, or exploring lesser-known aspects of criminology. By offering a fresh perspective, your research title will stand out among the multitude of papers and dissertations in the field.

Remember, your research title should also reflect the purpose of your study. Make sure it accurately conveys the central theme or objective of your research. Whether you’re conducting a quantitative analysis of jury decision-making or a qualitative examination of the role of lawyers in criminal cases, your title should reflect the essence of your work.

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In summary, to create a strong research title for criminology, strive for relevance and originality. Choose a topic that addresses current issues and offers a unique perspective. Ensure that your title accurately reflects the purpose and focus of your research. Finally, use keywords that are relevant to the field to improve discoverability and accessibility. By following these tips, your research title will stand out and make a meaningful contribution to the field of criminology.

Incorporate Keywords and Phrases

One way to identify keywords and phrases for your research title is to conduct a thorough literature review. This examination of existing research and scholarly articles on your topic can provide you with a list of words commonly used in the field. For example, if you are studying the effects of new technologies on crime, keywords such as “technologies,” “crime,” and “effects” would be essential to include in your title.

Another important consideration when choosing keywords and phrases is the significance and implications of your research. Think about the main purpose or central issue you are investigating. Are you examining the role of racial discrimination in criminal justice systems? In this case, keywords like “racial discrimination,” “criminal justice,” and “implications” would be critical in conveying the focus and importance of your study.

By incorporating appropriate and relevant keywords and phrases in your research title, you can create a strong and effective title that accurately represents your study and helps professionals in the field easily find and comprehend the significance of your research.

Keep It Concise and Informative

1. focus on the main idea.

Start by identifying the main idea or topic of your research. This could be anything from exploring the causes of crime to investigating the effects of socioeconomic factors on criminal activity. Once you have identified the main idea, try to capture it in a few words or a short phrase.

2. Use Specific Keywords

Include specific keywords that are relevant to your research topic. For example, if you are studying the relationship between mental health and crime, include keywords like “mental health,” “crime,” and “criminal activity” in your title. This will help potential readers understand what your research is about at a glance.

3. Be Clear and Concise

Avoid using jargon or complicated language in your title. Instead, use clear and concise language that is easily understandable for a wide audience. This will make your research more accessible and increase the chances of attracting readers.

4. Highlight the Unique Aspect

If your research focuses on a unique aspect or perspective on a criminological topic, make sure to highlight it in your title. This will help your research stand out and grab the attention of readers who are interested in exploring new ideas or approaches.

5. Be Honest and Realistic

While it is important to make your title eye-catching, it is equally important to be honest and realistic about your research. Avoid making exaggerated claims or promises in your title that you cannot deliver on in your research. This will help you maintain credibility and ensure that readers have realistic expectations.

By following these tips, you can create a strong and informative research title that will help you grab the attention of both your peers and potential readers. Remember to revise and refine your title as needed to make sure it accurately reflects your research and captures its essence.

Seek Feedback and Revision

In seeking feedback, it is recommended to consult different sources such as databases, literature studies, and relevant online resources. Exploring these sources can provide you with a wider perspective on the topic and help you generate more thought-provoking titles.

Furthermore, revision is an essential step in perfecting your research title. By reviewing and refining the wording, structure, and focus of the title, you can ensure that it stands out and effectively captures the criminological implications or key areas of study.

It is also valuable to consider the various research methods, theories, and metrics that can be used in criminology studies. By incorporating such elements into your research title, you can convey a comprehensive overview of your intended focus and approach.

Overall, seeking feedback and revision will not only help you craft a tip-top research title but increase its significance and usefulness to researchers, students, and professionals in the field of criminology. Don’t hesitate to gather feedback, revise, and make adjustments as needed to ensure your research title is compelling and thought-provoking to the criminology community.

What are some tips for creating a strong research title for criminology students?

Some tips for creating a strong research title for criminology students include: clearly stating the main focus of the research, using concise and descriptive language, avoiding jargon or technical terms, highlighting the significance or relevance of the research, and ensuring the title is attention-grabbing and memorable.

How important is the research title in criminology studies?

The research title is very important in criminology studies as it is the first thing that readers will see and it sets the tone for the research. A strong and compelling title can grab the reader’s attention and generate interest in the study. It can also convey the main focus and significance of the research.

Can you give some examples of criminology research topics?

Sure! Some examples of criminology research topics include: “The impact of media on public perceptions of crime and criminal justice”, “Exploring the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs for juvenile offenders”, “The relationship between poverty and crime rates in urban areas”, “The role of social media in facilitating criminal activities”, and “Examining the factors influencing eyewitness identification accuracy in criminal investigations”.

What should criminology students avoid when creating a research title?

Criminology students should avoid using jargon or technical terms that may confuse readers who are not familiar with the field. They should also avoid using vague or overly general titles that do not clearly convey the focus of the research. Additionally, they should avoid making the title too long or complex, as this can make it difficult for readers to grasp the main idea.

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Alex Koliada, PhD, is a well-known doctor. He is famous for studying aging, genetics, and other medical conditions. He works at the Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics. His scientific research has been published in the most reputable international magazines. Alex holds a BA in English and Comparative Literature from the University of Southern California , and a TEFL certification from The Boston Language Institute.

158 Criminology Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on criminology, ✍️ criminology essay topics for college, 👍 good criminology research topics & essay examples, 🌶️ hot criminology ideas to write about, 🎓 most interesting criminology research titles, 💡 simple criminology essay ideas, ❓ criminology research questions.

  • Criminology as a Science: Cause and Effect
  • Use of Statistics in Criminal Justice and Criminology
  • Criminology Discipline and Theories
  • Contemporary Theories in Criminology
  • Forensic Science: Killing of JonBenet Ramsey
  • Robert Merton’s Strain Theory in Criminology
  • How the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights Were Influenced by the Classical School of Criminology?
  • Feminist Perspectives’ Contribution to Criminology The principles of gender inclusivity, equality, and cultural implications bear fundamental roles in the development of criminology perspectives.
  • Hernando Washington Case. Criminology The history of humanity has seen multiple cases of extreme violence, and such instances can hardly ever be justified by any factors.
  • Juvenile Forensic Psychology: Contemporary Concern The present juvenile forensic psychology system has many pitfalls that have compromised the wellbeing and development of the young offenders admitted within these institutions.
  • Chapter 9 of “Criminology Today” by Schmalleger According to the conflict perspective, conflicts can never be resolved since they are essential in social life. Social order rests on law, which is controlled by the powerful.
  • Correlational Design in Forensic Psychology Correlational designs are actively used in forensic psychology research in order to determine the meaningful relations between different types of variables.
  • Chapter 8 of “Criminology Today” by F. Schmalleger According to social process theories, criminal behavior that an individual acquires remains lifelong because it is strengthened by the same social issues that have caused it.
  • Forensic Psychology and Criminal Profiling The paper seeks to explore insight into the nature of criminal investigative psychology and a comprehensive evaluation of the practice in solving crime.
  • Theories of Crime in Forensic Psychology Forensic psychology as a discipline has become closely correlated with the broad theories of crime that aim at defining the reasons behind the offender’s decision to act.
  • Criminology: Femininity and the Upsurge of Ladettes In recent years, women in highly industrialized countries are drinking more and behaving more badly than men. These women are called ladettes.
  • Stabbing Cases in London in Relation to Durkheim’s Criminological Theory The two main questions about criminal and deviant acts are what constitutes such an act and whether it should be punished.
  • Criminological Theories on Community-Based Rehabilitation This research study seeks to enhance the collection of integral analysis of human behavior and legal framework that boosts the quality of information for rehabilitation.
  • Variance Analysis in Criminal Justice and Criminology The paper states that there are several limitations associated with the ANOVA technique. It may be not suitable against a specific hypothesis.
  • Feminism and Criminology in the Modern Justice System Feminist research is a promising method for studying the psychography of crime, motivation, and the introduction of women’s experience in the field of forensic science.
  • Labeling Theory and Critical Criminology: Sociological Research Sociologists are researching offense and deviance to gain more knowledge about the motivations and attitudes of people involved applying theories of criminology based on sociology.
  • Full-Service Crime Laboratory: Forensic Science Forensic scientists study and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other locations to produce objective results that can aid in the investigation and prosecution of criminals.
  • Statistical Significance and Effect Size in Forensic Psychology Nee and Farman evaluated the effectiveness of using dialectical behavior therapy for treating borderline personality disorder in the UK female prisons.
  • Experimental Psychology and Forensic Psychology Psychology is a powerful field of study aimed at addressing a wide range of human problems. The field can be divided into two specialties. These include experimental and forensic psychology.
  • Sexual Assault: Criminology This paper discusses an act of sexual assault. The paper gives the definition of rape, social, personal, and psychosocial factors.
  • Integrity as a Key Value: Criminology and War Integrity is included in the list of the LEADERSHIP values, which exist to direct military servicemembers toward appropriate conduct.
  • Criminological Theory: Crime Theories and Criminal Behavior Criminal behavior is a type of behavior of a person who commits a crime. It is interesting to know what drives people to commit crimes and how to control these intentions.
  • Three Case Briefs in Criminology This paper gives three case briefs in criminology. Cases are “Macomber v. Dillman Case”, “Isbell v. Brighton Area Schools Case”, and “Wilen v. Falkenstein Case”.
  • Classical and Positivist Schools of Criminology General and specific deterrence use the threat of negative consequences for illegal acts to reduce crime rates.
  • Criminology and Impact of Automation Technology The sole objective of this study is to determine to what extent automation is embraced by law agencies and authorities to solve crimes with a faster and more accurate technique.
  • Marxist Criminological Paradigm The essence of the Marxist criminological paradigm consists of overthrowing the bourgeoisie, as a ruling class, and establishing the so-called dictatorship of the proletariat.
  • Criminology and Victimology: Victim Stereotypes in Criminal Justice The paper shall look at this matter in relation to female perpetrated violence as well as male experiences of sexual violence and racial minority victims.
  • Forensic Psychology: Subspecialties and Roles Of my specific interests have been basically two subspecialties of forensic psychology. These include correctional psychology as well as police psychology.
  • Chapter 10 of “Criminological Theory” by Lilly et al. This paper elaborates on the problem of feminism and criminology. The paper addresses chapter 10 of the book “Criminological Theory” by Lilly et al. as the source material.
  • Criminology: Legal Rights Afforded to the Accused The essay discusses the police actions of arrest and the main features of the arrangement process. The case of John Doe shows criminal procedure specifics.
  • Researching Environmental Criminology Environmental criminology is the study of crime and criminality in connection with specific places and with how individuals and organizations form their activities in space.
  • Criminology: The Peace-Making Model The purpose of this article is to consider the peacekeeping model in criminology as an alternative to the criminal justice system to solve the problem of a growing crime rate.
  • The Use of Statistics in Criminal Justice and Criminology This paper discusses small-sample confidence intervals for means and confidence intervals with proportions and percentages in criminal justice and criminology.
  • Overview of the Theories of Criminology Criminology refers to a body that focuses on crime as a social phenomenon. Criminologists adopt several behavioral and social sciences and methods of understanding crime.
  • Analysis of Forensic Psychology Practice The important feature of the whole sphere of forensic psychology practice is the ability to testify in court, reformulating psychological findings into the legal language, etc
  • Criminology: The Social Control Theory For criminologists, the social control theory means that an effective approach to reducing crime might be to change not individuals but their social contexts.
  • “Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences” the Book by Lilly, J., Cullen, F., & Ball, R. Criminological Theory addresses not only the evolving and expanding topic of trends in criminological thought but also tries to achieve a level of explanation.
  • Criminology Today by Frank Schmalleger This paper discusses the first chapter from the book Criminology Today by Schmalleger that tells about the basic topics and defines the basic term.
  • Incorporating Criminological Theories Into Policymaking Criminological theories, primarily behavioral and social learning, are pivotal to the policymaking process. They provide insights into certain situations.
  • Forensic Psychology and Its Essential Feature in the Modern World The essay defines the origins of forensic psychology, analyzes its role in various fields and spheres, and identifies its essential feature in the modern world.
  • Theories That Explain Criminal Activities and Criminology Academicians have come up with theories that explain why people engage in crime. The theories are classified which may be psychological, biological, or sociological.
  • Criminological Theories Assessment and Personal Criminological Theory This essay aims to briefly cover the various criminological theories in vogue and offer the author’s own assessment as to which theory deserves greater credibility.
  • Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences The theory of social control seems logical and valid despite controversies and the diversity of theoretical approaches to the reasons of crime.
  • Linguistics and Law: Forensic Letters This paper review articles The Multi-Genre Analysis of Barrister’s Opinion by Hafner and Professional Citation Practices in Child Maltreatment Forensic Letters by Schryer et al.
  • Researching of Emerging Technologies in Criminology This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of computer technology for crime investigation and law enforcement and concludes that the former outweighs the latter.
  • Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychology Psychologists face many moral dilemmas in law due to the field’s nature because they are responsible for deciding people’s fates, which puts pressure on them.
  • Chapter 7 of Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice Chapter 7 of Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice analyzes populations, sampling distributions, and the sample related to criminal-justice statistics and criminology.
  • Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice Dispersion is important as it is not enough to merely know the measures of central tendency to make assumptions about a distribution.
  • “Introduction to Criminology” Book by Hagan In “Introduction to criminology”, Hagan explains survey research and uses it to investigate essential questions that the criminal justice system faces.
  • Broken Window Theory In Criminology In criminology, the broken window theory is often used to describe how bringing order into society can help to reduce crime.
  • Criminology: The Aboriginal Crisis The aboriginal people have been living under confinement, in the reserves for a long time. These laws are still under a lot of legal constraints.
  • Are Marxist Criminologists Right to See Crime Control as Class Control? Marxist criminology is comparable to functionalist theories, which lay emphasis on the production of continuity and stability in any society.
  • Extinction Rebellion: A Criminological Assessment The paper aims at exploring whether Extinction Rebellion protestors are criminals using the narrative criminology framework, transgression theory, and green criminology theory.
  • Forensic Science: Psychological Analysis Human behavior can be evaluated by studying the functioning of the human mind. This is important information in crime profiling among other operations in forensic psychology.
  • The Rise of Criminological Conflict Theory Three key factors that explain the emergence of conflict theory are the influence of the Vietnam War, the rise of the counterculture, and anti-discrimination movements.
  • Criminology: USA Patriot Act Overview The Act strengthens and gives more authority to the federal agencies over individual privacy and secrecy of information.
  • Criminology: About Corporate Fraud This article focuses on fraud: professional fraud and its types, accounting fraud, and conflicts of interest are considered.
  • The Due Process: Criminology The due process clause has been a very essential clause to the ordinary citizens since it is a means of assurance that every freeman has the freedom to enjoy his rights.
  • Green Criminology: Environmental Harm in the Niger Delta This essay analyzes environmental harm in the Niger Delta, Nigeria using the Green Criminological analysis of victimization and offenders.
  • Criminological Conflict Theory by Sykes Sykes identified three important elements, which he used to elucidate the criminological conflict theory. Sykes highlighted the existence of profound skepticism towards any theory.
  • Postmodern Criminology: The Violence of the Language According to Arrigo (2019), postmodern criminology recognizes the specific value of language as a non-neutral, politically charged instrument of communication.
  • Criminology: Four Types of Evidence There are basically four types of evidence. Every piece of evidence should be analyzed several times throughout the actual investigation by following all the required steps.
  • Forensic Psychology Practice Standards for Inmates It is vital for the inmates to have frequent access to psychological assessments because the majority of the inmates end up with psychological problems.
  • The Role of Forensic Psychology in the Investigation Confidentiality is an essential feature of a therapeutic bond. Forensic psychologists are bound by a code of ethics to safeguard clients’ information.
  • Forensic Psychology: Graham v. Florida and Sullivan v. Florida The question in the two cases Graham v. Florida and Sullivan v. Florida was juvenile sentencing. The offenders claimed their life prison sentences for rape and robbery.
  • Violence Potential Assessment in Forensic Psychiatric Institutions This paper aims to discuss the ways of predicting violence in forensic psychiatric institutions while focusing on the review of the recent research in the field.
  • Legal Insanity in Criminology In America, defendants are said to be legally insane if they suffer from cognitive disorder or lack the capabilities to abstain from criminal behaviors.
  • Forensic Psychology in the Correctional Subspecialty Psychological professionals have the role of ensuring that the released convicts have gathered enough knowledge and understanding for them to fit in the society.
  • Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences. The Notion of Criminality and Crime The exploration of the notion of criminality and crime is essential for the prevention and management thereof.
  • “Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences”: Evaluation The criminal law system works in such a way that all offenses are stopped, and corresponding penalties provided by the law are implemented.
  • Frank Hagan’s Textbook “Introduction to Criminology” Throughout the chapters, Frank Hagan deliberately made reference to positivism criminological theory as such, which was largely discredited.
  • Forensic Psychology: Important Issues Forensic psychologists consider that task of determining insanity extremely difficult. There is a difference between insanity as a psychological condition and a legal concept.
  • The American Psychological Association: Forensic Field Forensic psychologists are commonly invited to provide expert consultation and share their observations that might be useful to the judicial system.
  • Transnational Crime and Global Criminology: Definitional, Typological, and Contextual Conundrums
  • Rational Choice, Deterrence, and Social Learning Theory in Criminology
  • Comparing Cultures and Crime: Challenges, Prospects, and Problems for a Global Criminology
  • The Distinction Between Conflict and Radical Criminology
  • How the Study of Political Extremism Has Reshaped Criminology
  • Contribution of Positivist Criminology to the Understanding of the Causes of Crime
  • Overcoming the Neglect of Social Process in Cross‐National and Comparative Criminology
  • The Development of Criminology: From Traditional to Contemporary Views on Crime and Its Causation
  • Racism, Ethnicity, and Criminology: Developing Minority Perspectives
  • Activist Criminology: Criminologists’ Responsibility to Advocate for Social and Legal Justice
  • The Challenges of Doing Criminology in the Big Data Era: Towards a Digital and Data-Driven Approach
  • Radical Criminology and Marxism: A Fallible Relationship
  • Ontological Shift in Classical Criminology: Engagement With the New Sciences
  • Hot Spots of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities and the Criminology of Place
  • The Criminology of Genocide: The Death and Rape of Darfur
  • Future Applications of Big Data in Environmental Criminology
  • Overcoming the Crisis in Critical Criminology: Toward a Grounded Labeling Theory
  • Toward an Analytical Criminology: The Micro-Macro Problem, Causal Mechanisms, and Public Policy
  • The Utility of the Deviant Case in the Development of Criminological Theory
  • In Search of a Critical Mass: Do Black Lives Matter in Criminology?
  • Crime and Criminology in the Eye of the Novelist: Trends in the 19th Century Literature
  • Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Cross-National Data and Criminological Theories
  • Women & Crime: The Failure of Traditional Theories and the Rise of Feminist Criminology
  • Criminology Studies: How Fear of Crime Affects Punitive Attitudes
  • Recent Developments in Criminological Theory: Toward Disciplinary Diversity and Theoretical Integration
  • Critical Criminology: The Critique of Domination, Inequality, and Injustice
  • Anti-racism in Criminology: An Oxymoron?
  • Heredity or Milieu: The Foundations of Modern European Criminological Theory
  • Classical and Contemporary Criminological Theory in Understanding Young People’s Drug Use
  • Theories of Action in Criminology: Learning Theory and Rational Choice Approaches
  • Criminalization or Instrumentalism: New Trends in the Field of Border Criminology
  • Eco-Justice and the Moral Fissures of Green Criminology
  • The Impact of Criminological Theory on Community Corrections Practice
  • Feminism and Critical Criminology: Confronting Genealogies
  • Learning From Criminals: Active Offender Research for Criminology
  • Offending Patterns in Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
  • Big Data and Criminology From an AI Perspective
  • Psychological and Criminological Factors Associated With Desistance From Violence
  • Connecting Criminology and Sociology of Health & Illness
  • Assessment of the Current Status and Future Directions in Criminology
  • Using Basic Neurobiological Measures in Criminological Research
  • Green Criminology: Capitalism, Green Crime & Justice, and Environmental Destruction
  • The Foundation and Re‐Emergence of Classical Thought in Criminological Theory
  • Conservation Criminology, Environmental Crime, and Risk: An Application to Climate Change
  • Feminist and Queer Criminology: A Vital Place for Theorizing LGBTQ Youth
  • Criminological Fiction: What Is It Good For?
  • Investigating the Applicability of Macro-Level Criminology Theory to Terrorism
  • Criminological Theory in Understanding of Cybercrime Offending and Victimization
  • The Nurture Versus Biosocial Debate in Criminology
  • Developmental Theories and Criminometric Methods in Modern Criminology
  • How Does Criminology Cooperate With Other Disciplines to Solve Crimes?
  • Is Criminology a Social or Behavioral Science?
  • How Does the Study of Criminology Relate to the Detection or Deterrence of Fraud?
  • What Are the Types of Norms in Criminology?
  • How Do Criminology Schools Differ?
  • What Is Criminological Research?
  • How Important Is the Role of Punishment in Neoclassical Criminology?
  • What Is the Life Course Theory of Criminology?
  • Who Is the Father of Modern Criminology?
  • What Did Early Criminology Focus On?
  • What Is the Difference Between Classical and Positivist Schools of Criminology?
  • Why Is Personal Identification Necessary for Criminology?
  • What Is the Difference Between Criminology and Applied Criminology?
  • What Is Evidence-Based Criminology?
  • Are Criminology and Criminal Justice the Same?
  • Who Rejected the Doctrine of Free Will in Criminology?
  • What Are the Fundamental Propositions of Feminist Criminology?
  • Is There a Difference Between Criminology and Victimology?
  • What Is the Bell Curve in Criminology?
  • Why Do People Commit Crimes, According to Criminology?
  • What Is the Difference Between Criminology and Criminal Psychology?
  • What Is Contemporary Criminology?
  • How Do Criminological Theories Relate to White Collar Crime?
  • What Are the Main Features and Concepts of Classical Criminology?
  • What Is the Positivist School of Criminology?
  • Who Are the Forerunners of Classical Thought in Criminology?
  • What Role Does Attachment Theory Play in Criminology?
  • Why Do Sociological Criminology Theories Help With Our Understanding of Crimes?
  • How Is Victimization Used in Criminology?
  • What Is Albert Cohen’s Theory of Subculture Formation in Criminology?

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This essay topic collection was updated on December 27, 2023 .

Criminology Research Paper

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Introduction

Criminology and measuring crime, time and space, social class, criminology and explaining crime, criminology and preventing crime.

  • Bibliography

Criminology is the scientific study of crime as a social phenomena. Edwin Sutherland (1947) noted in an early analysis that criminology investigates the processes of producing laws, breaking laws, and responding to the breaking of laws.

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These processes are three aspects of a somewhat unified sequence of interactions. Certain acts which are regarded as undesirable are defined by the political society as crimes. In spite of this definition, some people persist in the behavior and thus commit crimes; the political society reacts by punishment or other treatment or by prevention. This sequence of interactions is the object-matter of criminology. (P. 1)

Consequently, criminology can be split into three subfields: the study of lawmaking, the study of lawbreaking, and the study of responses to lawbreaking. Because lawmaking and responses to lawbreaking are discussed in other research papers, we shall concentrate on the second branch, lawbreaking.

More Criminology Research Papers:

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Regarding crime, sociologists have investigated numerous avenues of inquiry. They have endeavored to identify crime patterns, i.e., the manner in which criminal conduct is spread over time, place, and social structure. They have attempted to explain crime by identifying the factors that not only distinguish criminals from noncriminals but also account for its occurrence. In addition, they have investigated how crime might be averted. We shall discuss each of these inquiries in turn. Prior to discussing the distribution of crime, however, we must analyze its measurement.

How do we know what we know? is a fundamental question of any intellectual field. The empirical nature of criminology necessitates the use of the scientific method to observe and record crime. To quantify the nature and scope of crime phenomena, researchers employ a range of methodologies. The majority of criminologists’ scientific approaches are quantitative, aiming to count the number and kind of crimes and their connections. Researchers utilize two key types of quantitative data: secondary data derived from official sources and primary data derived from self-reports of criminal activity and victimization.

Official statistics extracted from police records are the most important source of information used to measure the nature and scope of crime. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has sponsored a statewide endeavor to develop a statistical description of crime in the United States since 1930. Today, more than 17,000 police agencies engage annually in the Uniform Crime Report data collecting and reporting program (UCR). The UCR provides information regarding crimes that are known to law enforcement and offenses that have been cleared by law enforcement, typically through arrest. Criminologists sometimes utilize UCR data to calculate a crime rate based on offenses reported to the police or arrests made by the police. A crime rate is superior to a crime count since the rate takes population into account. For example, UCR data for 2003 in the United States indicate a total of 16,503 homicides known to police, a fairly high amount.

However, given the magnitude of the nation’s population—nearly 280 million people—the murder rate in 2003 was among the lowest in the preceding four decades, at 5.7 murders per 100,000 people (Federal Bureau of Investigation 2004). The UCR provides crime statistics broken down by area, community type, and locality. Information identifying the age, color, and gender of criminals is restricted to crimes that have been cleared by police and for which an arrest has been made.

Until recently, the UCR classed major offenses as “Index” or Part I offenses, and less serious offenses as Part II offenses. Index crimes include the following eight offenses: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forceful rape, robbery, serious assault, burglary, larceny-theft, auto theft, and arson. Traditionally, criminologists, politicians, and the media have depended on index crime data to follow changes in major crime through time and geography. Index data are a composite that conceal substantial variances in the frequency of each infraction. For instance, larceny-theft accounts for more than 60 percent of all Part I offenses (Federal Bureau of Investigation 2004). Consequently, fluctuations in more severe crimes, like as murder and rape, may be obscured by the vast volume of property crimes, such as larceny. Researchers in the field of criminal justice are aware of this and often separate index crimes into two categories: violent crimes and property crimes.

The FBI is now implementing the National Incident Based Reporting System, a new data collection tool (NIBRS). The NIBRS is intended to build upon the UCR by providing police with more information about criminal events, including the nature of the crimes and the characteristics of the perpetrators. This strategy is novel in two ways. First, the NIBRS analyzes occurrences as its core analytical unit. Second, it extends on the UCR by providing more information regarding the nature and types of individual offenses in each crime episode, such as the victim(s) and offender(s) involved, the type and amount of property stolen, and the characteristics of those arrested.

Even though the UCR and NIBRS include a wealth of information, official records pose a number of challenges. A huge portion of every crime gets unreported to the police, which is perhaps the most serious issue. Unreported crimes are referred to as “dark figures” since their nature and scope are unknown. Another problem of official records is that they are compiled, documented, and reported by non-researchers, making them secondary data. According to Thorsten Sellin (1931), each layer of administration in the gathering of official crime data raises the possibility of distortion, bias, or inaccuracy, hence diminishing the data’s usefulness. The data collected from police records have also been challenged for being political artifacts that reflect the operational logics and goals of law enforcement agencies. In addition, the UCR data collecting rules apply a judgment rule known as the hierarchy rule of classification, which sacrifices data regarding criminal episodes involving many crimes. Frequently, when a crime is committed, multiple laws are broken. However, the hierarchy rule dictates that only the most serious offense is reported to the FBI. The rule produces systematic downward bias in UCR data. A final shortcoming is that government records provide inadequate information about the correlates of crime, such as the relationship between victims and offenders, the racial and sexual mix of offenders and victims, and the drug use of offenders. The NIBRS aims to improve official records in light of the last two concerns, notably the hierarchy rule and the limited correlations between crime.

In large part as a result of concerns about the veracity of official data, academics have invented alternative ways for gathering data on crime. The majority of them are self-report questionnaires. The benefit of survey approach is that researchers directly obtain primary data from individuals in criminal activity. This gives researchers greater control over data collecting and facilitates testing of hypotheses. Typically, self-report questionnaires are available in two formats. One form requires people to disclose their own criminal behavior. The second sort of survey questions individuals about their victimization experiences.

A self-report survey of offending asks a sample of persons if and how frequently they have committed any of a variety of offenses during a certain time period. Thornberry and Krohn (2000) attribute the emergence of self-report methodology to Sutherland’s (1940) observation that respectable middle-class individuals are likely to commit crimes but are unlikely to be recorded in police files. Porterfield’s 1946 work was the first to utilize the self-report method in studies of criminal and delinquent conduct, maybe prompted by Sutherland’s observation. His work established the usefulness of self-reports for criminal and delinquent studies. Short and Nye’s (1958) research is primarily responsible for establishing self-reports as a methodological cornerstone of criminology. Throughout the years, criminologists have devoted significant efforts to enhancing the self-report method by creating strategies that increase the validity and reliability of self-reported crime and delinquency (Hindelang, Hirschi, and Weis 1981).

Self-report investigations of criminal behavior can be distinguished by their substantive focus and sample design. Using schools as sampling points is a frequent method for surveying teenagers. Monitoring the Future, an annual study addressing drug use undertaken with a nationally representative sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders, is one of the most renowned instances (Johnston, O’Malley, and Bachman, 1996). Other methods of surveying criminal or delinquent behavior include random samples of the broader population. Nationwide Youth Survey (NYS) is one of the most comprehensive national assessments of delinquency (Elliott 1983). The New York State uses a national probability sampling design to survey approximately 1,700 11- to 17-year-olds about their involvement in delinquency as well as a number of attitudinal and experiential issues. Similar to numerous other self-report surveys, the NYS supplies criminologists with data for addressing etiological questions. In addition, New York State utilizes a panel design, allowing researchers to track children through adulthood.

The other sort of self-report questionnaire is the victimization questionnaire. In this study, researchers ask a sample of individuals if and how frequently they had been victims of specific criminal crimes during a specific time period. The most well-known victimization survey is the 1973 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). This is a twice-yearly, national household survey. In contrast to self-report surveys of offending, which were motivated by the empirical restrictions associated with the police focus on crimes of the lower classes, the NCVS was motivated by the failure of individuals to report crimes to the police. Each year, around 85,000 families and more than 150,000 responders participate, giving the most accurate estimate of real crime in the United States. Unlike the UCR, the NCVS includes information about crimes committed against individuals, regardless of whether the crimes were reported to authorities. Questions address crimes suffered by individuals and their home, whether the offenses were reported to police, as well as victim, household, and perpetrator characteristics in personal crimes. In addition, respondents are asked about their perspectives on the criminal justice system and their motivations for reporting or not reporting crimes. Generally speaking, victimization surveys are limited to the more common and readily identifiable memories. Although it appears that respondents are generally accurate when reporting their experiences as offenders and victims, there is evidence that underreporting is a danger to the validity of self-report studies of both offending (Hindelang et al., 1981) and victimization (Hindelang et al., 1981). (Murphy and Dodge 1981). As a result of embarrassment or a desire to protect their privacy, some respondents may choose not to discuss their criminal past. In addition, respondents do not always recall the infractions they committed or those committed against them, and they may recall offenses as being more recent or more remote than they actually were.

Crime statistics are crucial to the criminological endeavour. They contribute to the establishment of the fundamental social facts of crime, which comprise the objects of explanation and give evidence for the evaluation of explanations. Unfortunately, crime figures are among the most unreliable and challenging of any social phenomenon statistics. It is impossible to correctly estimate the level of crime in any specific location or time period. As stated previously, many crimes go unreported, while others are identified but not reported to police or researchers, and yet others are reported but not legally documented. Thus, any record of crimes can at most be regarded an index of the actual crimes committed. This fact has prompted both caution regarding crime data sources and more research to validate and enhance empiricism in the sector. Comparing the “behavior” of crime indexes across several data sources is a popular solution. Figure 1 displays how victimization data compare to government figures since 1973. Although it is a violation of individuals and property. They dismiss crimes done on behalf of corporations, such as deceptive advertising and price-fixing, as well as “victimless” crimes, such as drug usage and gambling.

     Figure 1

Criminology Research Paper

Both types of self-report surveys offer advantages over official crime statistics and are an essential source of crime data. They have access to a wide range of violations, ranging from significant crimes to minor infractions that are unlikely to be reported to police. In addition, by measuring the personal and societal traits of offenders and/or victims, they can supply a wealth of information for evaluating crime theories. Both sorts of self-reports are subject to the same constraints inherent to the self-report method. The fundamental limitations of self-report surveys stem from the size of the sample and the precision of assessment. A survey’s sample size is determined by guaranteeing representative participation and obtaining cooperation throughout the survey questionnaire. Both data sources produce indices that react similarly (growing and declining) across this time frame.

Criminology and Patterns of Crime

Criminologists document crime patterns in order to comprehend the nature and scope of crime. While the general public views many crimes as random acts, criminological research demonstrates that crime is not dispersed randomly among individuals or groups. The focus of criminological research on crime patterns is the relationship between criminal conduct and dimensions of time, place, and social structure. Crime tends to be a “intrastatus” activity, which is a crucial understanding in tracking criminal tendencies. In a significant number of crimes, the statuses used to identify offenders also describe the victims. Criminology has paid considerable attention to a number of contextual and structural factors that explain the fundamental crime patterns. These include the spatial and temporal distribution of crime, as well as the age, gender, race, and social status of the participants.

Criminologists have always been fascinated by the social factors that influence criminal behavior. Social context is characterized by the temporal and spatial characteristics that are connected with criminal behavior. At least three time metrics have been of interest to criminologists: annual patterns, seasonal patterns, and daily patterns. According to historical studies of crime in the United States, significant crime grew in the decades preceding the American Civil Conflict and continued to rise after the war. From roughly 1880 until the 1930s, reported crime generally declined, with the exception of the years before and during World War I. Since then, major crime has generally increased modestly, with a sharper rise commencing in the late 1960s (Gurr 1981). It reached its highest point in 1981 and again in 1991, but then plummeted in the middle and late 1990s and has been slowly dropping ever since (see Figure 2).

     Figure 2

Criminology Research Paper

In addition to annual shifts, which reflect historical oscillations, criminologists have identified additional units of time in which crime fluctuates. For instance, crimes tend to increase towards the beginning of the month, when most people receive their paychecks. Most crimes occur over the summer, when youths are out of school and people spend extended periods of time outside and away from their homes. Murders are more likely to occur in the evening, when more people are at leisure, whereas domestic burglaries are more likely to occur during the day, when more people are at work or school and less able to monitor their houses.

Additionally, criminologists have attempted to document the spatial patterns of crime. Researchers have found that the rate of severe crime tends to increase as the population of a community grows. In general, urban areas have a greater crime rate than their suburban and rural counterparts. Consistently, victimization and self-report statistics indicate that crime is concentrated in major metropolitan areas (Sutherland, Cressey, and Luckenbill 1992:176–78). In the United States, however, the extent to which the urban crime rate exceeds the rural crime rate fluctuates over time. As improved communication and transportation have diminished the disparities between urban and rural areas, there is reason to believe that the disparities in crime rates have also decreased, with rural and suburban crime rates increasing more rapidly than urban crime rates. In local communities, crime is typically concentrated in areas characterized by social disadvantage. High-crime neighborhoods typically have higher-than-average percentages of poverty, rental and abandoned properties, single-parent households, and population mobility, all of which impede the organization of the community to prevent crime.

Youth engage in criminal activities. Researchers have found that age is the most accurate predictor of criminal behavior. The correlation between age and criminality is nonlinear. Criminal activity grows with age into adolescence, reaches its peak in late adolescence or early adulthood, and then drops rather rapidly with age before declining more slowly until death. Some have argued (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1986) that the association between age and crime is constant, regardless of sex, race, and socioeconomic status, as well as across time and space (see Figure 3).

     Figure 3

Criminology Research Paper

Criminologists use the term “distance” to characterize the cessation of criminal action as age increases beyond the peak offending ages of late adolescence or early adulthood (Laub and Sampson 1993). Although the majority of offenders “age out” of crime by early adulthood, a small proportion continue to commit crimes throughout their lives. This observation has spurred attention in the significance of age in differentiating between various sorts of offenders. Research on the effects of age at first offense and the trajectory of crime over the life cycle reveals the existence of several types of criminal careers that vary in terms of commencement, duration, and intensity. Individuals who engage in criminal activity at a young age and those who have contact with the judicial system at a younger age are more likely to become chronic offenders or “life-course persisters.” Laub and Sampson (1993) shown that even among first-time and chronic offenders, recidivism can be avoided. According to research in this field, the most prevalent type of criminal career is “adolescent limited,” meaning that criminal behavior is typically confined to adolescence and early adulthood, after which desistance occurs swiftly.

Men have a higher crime rate than women. Frequently, comparisons of sex-specific criminal conduct are given as a frequency or rate ratio of male to female offenses. Although the disparity in the sex ratio of offenders varies by kind of offense, it is largest for more serious offenses. In the United States, the ratio of male to female murder arrests in any given year is approximately eight male arrests to one female arrest. In contrast, the ratio of male to female arrests for theft, one of the least serious offenses, is two males for every female. Self-report data suggest that males are more likely to be involved in criminal activity than females, however these data tend to reveal less disparity in the sex ratio of criminal offending than official data, particularly for less severe offences (Triplett and Myers 1995). Some criminologists claim that the disparity between arrest statistics and self-reports is due to the chivalrous stance taken by criminal justice officials when ladies are the target of law enforcement (Steffensmeier 1993).

The official statistics portray an arresting picture of criminal behavior by race. African Americans are significantly more likely than whites to be arrested, despite the fact that whites account for the vast bulk of arrests. African Americans are responsible for over 40 percent of arrests for major violent crimes and over 25 percent of arrests for significant property offenses, although constituting just 13 percent of the United States’ population (Federal Bureau of Investigation 2004). In contrast, Whites are arrested disproportionately for specific Part II offenses, such as alcohol and driving under the influence offenses. The racial discrepancy in arrests for serious crimes has decreased in recent years, but African Americans have a considerably greater chance of arrest than whites (see Figure 4).

     Figure 4

Criminology Research Paper

Some criminologists have proposed that racial prejudice in criminal justice may account for a significant portion of the reported racial discrepancy in official statistics (Tonry 1995). Others have argued that the judicial system and its agents are reasonably objective when processing defendants, implying that racial disparities in official crime figures reflect true racial inequalities in criminal behavior (Wilbanks 1987). Using self-report and victimization data, criminologists have attempted to settle this disagreement by examining race-specific involvement in criminal conduct. Self-report studies of delinquency among African American and white kids imply that racial disparities are significantly smaller than indicated by arrest statistics (Elliott and Ageton 1980).

Criminologists have long assumed a negative link between social class and crime: people at the bottom of the social hierarchy are more likely to be involved in criminal activity than those at the top. According to official statistics, lower-class status correlates with more criminal activity. Those convicted of a crime and sentenced to prison are more likely to be indigent, unemployed, or underemployed.

In spite of this evidence, criminologists have contended that the association between class and crime is less certain than indicated by official statistics. Sutherland was the first criminologist to examine the relationship between class and crime (1940). He noticed that white-collar crimes, or crimes perpetrated by respectable and high-status individuals in the course of their employment, are prevalent while being typically overlooked in official crime statistics. Sutherland’s discovery has led to numerous criticisms of people who believe a negative association between socioeconomic status and criminal behavior.

Conclusions regarding the relationship between class and crime may reflect the information source used. Self-report studies indicate that adolescents from all socioeconomic levels engage in delinquent behavior (Tittle, Villamez, and Smith 1978). However, these studies have been critiqued for failing to precisely define class status and for conflating delinquency with serious criminality (Braithwaite, 1979). (Farnworth,Thornberry, Krohn, and Lizotte 1994).

In conclusion, criminologists have committed significant effort in documenting crime patterns. These patterns are useful for evaluating and planning social responses to crime by policymakers. Correlating crime across dimensions of social context (time and geography) and social structure (age, sex, race, and social class) yields empirical facts that theory must explain.

Throughout the past two centuries, numerous criminology schools have flourished. A school of criminology is a body of thinking that combines a theory of crime causation with control methods required by the theory. In Europe during the eighteenth century, Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham established the classical school as one of the first criminology schools. According to the classical school, crime is a reasonable technique of maximizing one’s self-interest. Individuals are perceived as hedonistic, seeking pleasure and avoiding pain, and rational, calculating the pleasures and pains of possible behaviors and selecting those that promise the most pleasure with the least pain. Individuals will opt to commit a crime if they determine that it delivers the most joy and the least pain relative to other actions. To control crime, the state need merely persuade individuals that committing a crime would result in more pain than pleasure, which can be achieved by raising the severity of punishments. When individuals discover that criminal behavior is less enjoyable, they will pursue more fulfilling activities. During the nineteenth century, the positive school of criminology emerged largely due to the contributions of Cesare Lombroso and his followers. The positive school, which is grounded in the physical sciences, views crime as the result of personal faults or diseases. It asserts that the physical constitution influences behavior and that flaws in biological structure or processes result in criminal conduct. The positive school maintains that punishment is ineffective in reducing crime because criminals do not weigh the pleasures and pains of different actions and choose the one that maximizes pleasure. Instead, it asserts that the only rational approach to controlling crime is to identify and influence its causes. Given that crime is the result of a human defect or disorder, it follows that the most effective method of crime control is to treat the defect or condition in question. This school fell out of favor at the beginning of the twentieth century as the sociological school, which views crime as a product of the social environment, gained popularity. Over the course of the twentieth century, the sociological school has matured and grown to dominate scientific efforts to explain crime.

The sociological school predominantly emerged in the United States. Sociologists have conducted the majority of systematic studies of crime and criminals since the late nineteenth century, when criminology was recognized as a topic of study by the expanding sociology departments of universities. A 1901 survey found that criminology and penology were among the first courses taught under the label of sociology in American colleges (Tolman 1902–1903), and the first issue of the American Journal of Sociology included papers and book reviews on criminology. At the same time, though, American sociologists were impressed by a number of the positive school’s claims. Not until approximately 1915, after the publication of Charles Goring’s The English Convict (1913), was a strong environmentalist perspective developed. This pattern likely caused John Gillin (1914) to make his observation,

The longer the study of crime has continued in this country, the greater has grown the number of causes of crime which may be described as social. This is the aspect in the development of American criminology which has given to that study in this country the title of “The American School.” (P. 53)

The core thesis of the sociological school is that criminal behavior is the outcome of the same conditions and processes as other forms of social behavior. There are two types of analyses of these factors and processes in relation to crime. First, criminologists have attempted to establish a link between variances in crime rates and differences in social organization. Several socioeconomic circumstances, including social and economic inequality, political and economic ideology, and culture and normative conflict, have been studied in relation to differences in the crime rates of societies and units of society. In an early sociological study, Clifford Shaw (1929) utilized the Chicago School’s ecological method, which strongly drew on Durkheim’s analogy of society as an organism, to comprehend the metropolitan distribution of delinquency. He noticed that delinquency was concentrated in specific regions of the city and attributed this to social disarray. He viewed delinquency as a pathology endemic to urban slums, not the individuals who resided there. These regions had high mobility, heterogeneity, and conflict, factors that fostered social disorganization, a condition in which traditional means of social control are ineffective and individuals are free to engage in criminal conduct. In particular, Robert Merton’s (1938) anomie theory was significantly influenced by Durkheim’s functionalist concepts regarding the causes and implications of change in social solidarity. In a seminal remark, Albert Cohen (1955) asserted that differences in the access of social classes to legitimate means of obtaining success correlate with differences in their rates of delinquency. In American society, lower-class children are encouraged to seek the same goals as middle-class children and are evaluated using the same criteria. However, they lack the cultural and economic capital required to effectively compete with children from middle-class families. As a result, many children from disadvantaged backgrounds suffer failure, and in response, they may develop and participate in delinquent subcultures. These two arguments—that high rates of crime can be explained in terms of a breakdown of social organization and that high rates can be explained in terms of a conflict between culturally induced aspirations and structurally limited opportunities—have figured prominently in much macro-level contemporary theory.

Second, criminologists have worked to uncover the mechanisms that lead to the criminalization of persons. In general, their investigations link criminality to socialization differences. One view, advanced by Travis Hirschi (1969) under the umbrella of control theory, holds that criminality is the outcome of a breakdown in socialization. According to this perspective, criminal behavior is a manifestation of inherent instincts. When a person’s connection to society is weak, it is doubtful that he or she will absorb the values and conventions of society or be attentive to the needs and desires of others. The individual lacks control and is therefore free to participate in criminal activity. Edwin Sutherland (1947) and Ronald Akers (1998) expand the notion that criminality results from social learning. According to this viewpoint, criminal behavior is not a manifestation of inherent instincts. Rather, a person learns to engage in illegal behavior similarly to how they learn to engage in noncriminal behavior. The content of education, not the method itself, determines whether a person becomes a criminal. These arguments, namely, that criminality results from a breakdown in socialization and that criminality is a product of socialization, continue to dominate micro-level thinking about crime.

In recent decades, criminologists have pursued alternative methods of analysis. In the 1960s and 1970s, some criminologists began to rethink the key assumptions and themes that had been used to organize criminology. They noticed that criminality is not an inherent quality of a given conduct and that the breach of a criminal statute does not invariably result in the capture and punishment of the offender. Instead, an act is criminal because legislators have made it so, and those who violate the law are selectively captured and punished (Becker 1963). This moves the focus from the criminal to the mechanisms of defining and responding to disruptive behavior (Quinney 1964; Turk 1969). Consequently, criminologists have increasingly focused on patterns of selective law enforcement, asking what types of offenses and offenders are most likely to be treated as crimes and criminals and why? In the course of demystifying the legal system, criminologists also considered the consequences of being labeled and treated as a criminal, arguing that stigmatization reduces a person’s legitimate opportunities for success and alters his or her identity, thereby promoting chronic criminality (Kitsuse 1962; Lemert 1972:62–92).

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, a number of criminologists attempted to develop comprehensive theories of crime. Traditionally, criminologists have evaluated hypotheses by pitting at least two against one another in a “theory competition” (Akers and Sellers 2004:267). Recognizing that there is nothing to be gained from such rivalry, criminologists have increasingly sought to develop more effective explanatory models by combining aspects of two or more distinct theories of crime. John Braithwaite (1989) incorporated elements of control theory, social learning theory, and labeling theory into his theory of reintegrative shaming, and Charles Tittle (1995) incorporated elements of control theory, social learning theory, strain theory, and Marxist theory into his control balance theory of deviance. Despite the significance of integration initiatives, caution must be exercised in this endeavor. As Akers (1989:24) correctly highlighted, if ideas are combined without respect for their incompatibilities, “theoretical mush” can arise.

Over the years, three crime prevention strategies have been utilized: punitive, defensive, and interventionist. Punitive tactics are predicated on the premise that criminality and crime rates can be lowered by instilling in individuals a strong fear of being penalized for committing crimes. It is believed that inflicting great suffering on criminals both reforms those who are punished (specific deterrence) and discourages others from committing crimes (general deterrence). Much of the legislation that aims to significantly reduce crime is merely an effort to improve the severity or certainty of punishment (Beckett and Sasson 2004). Methods of defense are based on the premise that crime can be decreased by making it difficult for individuals to commit crimes. These solutions include lighting streets, securing doors, and putting valuables in safes (Felson 2002:144–64). The confinement of criminals inside bars so that they cannot victimize strangers is another example of defensive measures. The premise of interventionist tactics is that punishment and defense are insufficient. Rather, it is assumed that criminality and crime rates can be efficiently lowered by identifying and altering the factors that produce them. Methods based on the premise that offenders lack basic interpersonal skills aim to develop their competence in empathy, problem solving, impulse control, and anger management, whereas methods based on the premise that offenders have learned criminal behavior aim to teach them lawful forms of behavior (Cullen 2002). Generally speaking, interventionist tactics think that high crime rates are a result of economic, political, and social organization and that it is folly to leave this structure intact and try to reduce crime rates by punishing or defending against criminals produced by it. Instead, the objective is to reform the economic, political, or social system in order to lower crime rates (Currie 1998).

There is substantial evidence that intervention is or may be the most effective method of reducing crime (Cullen 2002; MacKenzie 2000). As more is discovered about crime, interventionist approaches will have a stronger foundation. If consistently followed, these regulations would safeguard society against crime in three ways.

First, they would ensure the segregation of those whose recurrent involvement in major crime has shown their threat. Although segregation would not change these criminals, it will safeguard society by incapacitating them and demonstrating disapproval of significant lawbreaking. Currently, we are unable to dramatically alter the societal conditions that produce some chronic offenders or their behavior. We can only protect ourselves against this small group of dangerous individuals.

Second, interventionist policies would integrate into law-abiding society a greater number of citizens, including the majority of those who have committed a crime but have not proven to be dangerous. It is generally accepted that social control is derived from the benefits of lawful behavior rather than direct fear of punishment. The effective deterrent is not the dread of legal penalties per se, but rather the fear of status loss (Grasmick and Bursik 1990). However, fear is not what stops criminal action. Rather, a law-abiding citizen is someone who believes that certain actions, such as stealing from a neighbor or attacking a coworker, are inconceivable. In order for crime prevention strategies to be effective, more people must have a stake in adhering to the rules that prohibit criminal behavior.

Thirdly, interventionist policies would identify the social circumstances from which criminal activity is most likely to emanate and make it possible to abolish those circumstances. Instead of eliminating the economic, political, and social attitudes, conditions, and injustices that cause crime, political leaders have decided to rely on fear of punishment (Currie 1998). Punishment appears to be less expensive, but this is not the case. In addition, the emphasis on punishment detracts from the necessity of creating the environment required for household tranquility. If attitudes of shared respect for certain values could be fostered, punitive legislation relating to these values would be unneeded. If, for instance, all members of a community had an equal stake in the concept of private property, it would no longer be necessary to coerce individuals into upholding property rights.

In short, crime would be decreased by absorbing those criminals who can be absorbed, isolating those who cannot be absorbed for defense, and reducing the conditions that are most conducive to crime and hence necessitate the need to absorb some criminals and isolate others. As much as punishment would, the vigorous execution of such rules would demonstrate society disapproval of criminal behavior. Rather than punishment, approval and disapproval of criminals deter crime among the majority of citizens, including the majority of the poor and disadvantaged, from whom the vast majority of criminals originate.

Our knowledge of crime is elementary. Certainly, we have a sense of how crime is distributed along a variety of structural, temporal, and spatial dimensions; we have a sense of the principal variables that affect the occurrence of crime and development of criminality, as well as the general ways in which these variables operate to produce crime and criminality; and we have a sense of the types of methods that appear to be effective in controlling crime. However, more effort must be done before a solid comprehension of crime can be attained.

When we consider criminology in the twenty-first century, we observe that the field is evolving in multiple directions. There are persistent efforts to develop and enhance the methodological tools for documenting crime, testing theories of crime, and evaluating initiatives to combat crime. There are also ongoing efforts to create integrated theories of crime, theories that incorporate not just sociological, but also biological and psychological, factors. Integrated theory is advancing criminology down a path that may eventually identify it as an interdisciplinary field of study as opposed to a sociological specialty. These two streams, one methodological and one theoretical, will become more linked. The analytical state of the art, for instance, enables a broader and more rigorous range of theory-testing initiatives, which promotes the development of theory. Lastly, there are ongoing initiatives to employ criminological knowledge to improve social welfare by reducing rates of first and repeat offenses in a manner that is fair to offenders, victims, and the broader community. These trends are not exclusive to the criminological enterprise. In fact, they reflect sociological tendencies in which sociologists attempt to refine methods, develop unified theories, and apply research to educate public policy and enrich community life.

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  • Tolman, Frank L. 1902–1903. “The Study of Sociology in Institutions of Learning in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 7:797–838; 8:85–121, 251–72, 531–58.
  • Tonry, Michael. 1995. Malign Neglect. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Triplett, Ruth and Laura B. Myers. 1995. “Evaluating Contextual Patterns of Delinquency: Gender-Based Differences.” Justice Quarterly 12:59–84.
  • Turk, Austin T. 1969. Criminality and the Legal Order. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
  • Wilbanks, William. 1987. The Myth of a Racist Criminal Justice System. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Crime and Criminology Research Paper
  • Criminology of Place Research Paper
  • Identification in Life Course Criminology Research Paper
  • Longitudinal Studies in Criminology Research Paper

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Criminological Research Examples

Before criminology became a part of the justice system, there was a chasm between targeting the root of criminality and the cat-and-mouse chase between the police officers and the criminals. What law enforcers fail to consider for most of history is that these elements themselves are also victims of a flawed system. By disregarding the root of the problem, we are only exhausting our resources on an endless chase. Criminology research plays a pivotal role in bridging the gap and improving law enforcement. When we understand why crimes happen, we can provide better interventions.

Criminology research is a means of understanding criminality to improve criminal justice and law enforcement. Several criminology research are exploratory research . The researchers collect and analyze data of a crime, policy, or approach in which little is known. The researchers may also propose changes and amendments for future reference. The research can also be descriptive , wherein we elaborate observations about a crime or our response to one. Explanatory research can expound on the nature of the crime in relation to the offender, nature or psychology of the criminal, as well as other behaviors that affect law enforcement. We can also apply the findings in applied research in deciding if a policy or intervention is effective.

Imprint on Reality

Crime prevention starts with crime reduction. How do we reduce crimes? We can build tall gates around our houses and subdivisions. We can saturate our community with the police force and security personnel . We can set up security cameras at every corner of every street. We may do these, but we don’t have the power and resources to sustain them for long-term, country-wide implementation. Aside from feasibility, there are other concerns with the approach. A controlled living environment will eventually dent individual rights and liberties. We need research to find the best solutions. We have witnessed an overhaul in criminal justice and law enforcement, owing to criminological research that challenged the norms.

Challenge the status quo

People viewed police visibility as an effective crime deterrent. It had been a belief since the 13th century, and everyone just went along with the idea. So the government spent billions to maintain the practice, despite the lack of scientific evidence supporting the theory. The idea was challenged a few times before. A comprehensive study by the Kansas City Police Department showed that routine preventive patrol had no difference in crime rates in the city. This research showed that previously held beliefs could be wrong. With research, we can manage our resources better with more effective ways of preventing crime than stick with the baseless convention.

Marriage of research and politics

Criminal justice used to be “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” This treatment of crimes leaves the decision for the penalty in the hands of the offended party. Revenge justice is unreliable because the gravity of the crime may be disproportionate with the punishment exacted to the offender. Research is focal to our acknowledgment of the inhumane effect of the archaic justice system. The integration of criminological research in policy proposals  helped us understand the nature of criminality. The policies are becoming more responsive to what we have learned from the findings. We have abandoned the cruel punishments and moved on to measures that respect the person.

Fulcrum of Modern Justice System

Justice isn’t just about punishing the guilty and vindicating the innocent. We also have to monitor the system if its policies and programs are at par with the need of the community. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, so justice agencies have to assess their performance and if the results reflect the ideal outcomes. Research not only plays a role in crime prevention, but it can also evaluate the performance of existing practices. The following are examples of research papers that remodeled the United States criminal justice system.

1. Investigation Research Example

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2. Crime Prevention Research

kelling et al

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3. Research on Threat Handling

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4. Research on Career Criminals

delinquency in a birth cohort

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5. Study on Case Attrition

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6. Research on Court Bail Policy

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7. Research on Sentencing Policy

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8. Research on Treatment of Offenders

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9. Study on Policy Evaluation

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10. Research on Effects of Abuse

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11. Sample Criminology Research

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Reinforcing the revolution

Research has done much for the US criminal justice system. As an agent of justice, you are not exempted from the responsibility to contribute to this growth. The studies that redefined justice and its derivatives started from an idea. Here is how you begin with your study.

1. Know what you want

Any undertaking requires time and resources. And when you’re using the public’s or an organization’s money, any expense should be justified by results of equal value. You have to have an idea on what you want to accomplish with your study. This is your research goal, and this influences the totality of your research design, from methodology to data presentation. What do you want to find out? Are you exploring a new idea? Are you describing the efficiency of a present intervention? Decide on what you want for this research. It will keep you from going astray in the middle of work.

2. Move the wheel forward

You can spin a wheel and say there is movement. However, that doesn’t get you away from where you stand. Similarly, rehashed ideas will stagnate a field. The progress in criminal justice is brought about by researchers putting forth new ideas to the table. When you are planning a research , you have to read related literature on what has been done about the subject. As you go through the articles, ask yourself what you can do. You can gain insights on how the researchers went with their investigation. With the introduction of new information, the onward momentum of the domain is maintained.

3. Gain green light

Unless you’re an affluent person who can support the cost of extensive research, you are likely to need the approval of a board or panel to proceed with your study. People submit research proposals , either for study grants or permission to start a project. In the document, you will justify the need for such an investigation. Since you will be persuading the people to support your endeavor, you have to outline your concrete plan and show that you are capable of the task. Preparedness and knowledgeability show in sections like data collection and analysis method and the project timeline .

4. Get the ball rolling

Now that you have a vision on what your research will focus on and how you will address the objectives, the next thing to do is to conduct the study. Gather relevant data that will help answer your research questions and perform the appropriate data treatment. In data analysis , graphical illustrations are better at helping you see patterns and trends that aren’t apparent in the raw data. However, all this effort would be put to waste if you keep your findings to yourself. Research in criminology remodeled the justice system because they were relayed to the appropriate channels.

To inflict harm unto others for the sake of doing harm isn’t natural for us. That is why we have to understand what pushes a person to cross moral lines. When we learn what drove and will drive people to the dark side, we can offer the specific help that each person needs and effective preventive measures. Full hostility towards lawless elements didn’t stop crimes more than it harmed individual liberties. In addressing criminality, we need more than brawn.

example title of thesis in criminology

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How technology is reinventing education

Stanford Graduate School of Education Dean Dan Schwartz and other education scholars weigh in on what's next for some of the technology trends taking center stage in the classroom.

example title of thesis in criminology

Image credit: Claire Scully

New advances in technology are upending education, from the recent debut of new artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT to the growing accessibility of virtual-reality tools that expand the boundaries of the classroom. For educators, at the heart of it all is the hope that every learner gets an equal chance to develop the skills they need to succeed. But that promise is not without its pitfalls.

“Technology is a game-changer for education – it offers the prospect of universal access to high-quality learning experiences, and it creates fundamentally new ways of teaching,” said Dan Schwartz, dean of Stanford Graduate School of Education (GSE), who is also a professor of educational technology at the GSE and faculty director of the Stanford Accelerator for Learning . “But there are a lot of ways we teach that aren’t great, and a big fear with AI in particular is that we just get more efficient at teaching badly. This is a moment to pay attention, to do things differently.”

For K-12 schools, this year also marks the end of the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) funding program, which has provided pandemic recovery funds that many districts used to invest in educational software and systems. With these funds running out in September 2024, schools are trying to determine their best use of technology as they face the prospect of diminishing resources.

Here, Schwartz and other Stanford education scholars weigh in on some of the technology trends taking center stage in the classroom this year.

AI in the classroom

In 2023, the big story in technology and education was generative AI, following the introduction of ChatGPT and other chatbots that produce text seemingly written by a human in response to a question or prompt. Educators immediately worried that students would use the chatbot to cheat by trying to pass its writing off as their own. As schools move to adopt policies around students’ use of the tool, many are also beginning to explore potential opportunities – for example, to generate reading assignments or coach students during the writing process.

AI can also help automate tasks like grading and lesson planning, freeing teachers to do the human work that drew them into the profession in the first place, said Victor Lee, an associate professor at the GSE and faculty lead for the AI + Education initiative at the Stanford Accelerator for Learning. “I’m heartened to see some movement toward creating AI tools that make teachers’ lives better – not to replace them, but to give them the time to do the work that only teachers are able to do,” he said. “I hope to see more on that front.”

He also emphasized the need to teach students now to begin questioning and critiquing the development and use of AI. “AI is not going away,” said Lee, who is also director of CRAFT (Classroom-Ready Resources about AI for Teaching), which provides free resources to help teach AI literacy to high school students across subject areas. “We need to teach students how to understand and think critically about this technology.”

Immersive environments

The use of immersive technologies like augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality is also expected to surge in the classroom, especially as new high-profile devices integrating these realities hit the marketplace in 2024.

The educational possibilities now go beyond putting on a headset and experiencing life in a distant location. With new technologies, students can create their own local interactive 360-degree scenarios, using just a cell phone or inexpensive camera and simple online tools.

“This is an area that’s really going to explode over the next couple of years,” said Kristen Pilner Blair, director of research for the Digital Learning initiative at the Stanford Accelerator for Learning, which runs a program exploring the use of virtual field trips to promote learning. “Students can learn about the effects of climate change, say, by virtually experiencing the impact on a particular environment. But they can also become creators, documenting and sharing immersive media that shows the effects where they live.”

Integrating AI into virtual simulations could also soon take the experience to another level, Schwartz said. “If your VR experience brings me to a redwood tree, you could have a window pop up that allows me to ask questions about the tree, and AI can deliver the answers.”

Gamification

Another trend expected to intensify this year is the gamification of learning activities, often featuring dynamic videos with interactive elements to engage and hold students’ attention.

“Gamification is a good motivator, because one key aspect is reward, which is very powerful,” said Schwartz. The downside? Rewards are specific to the activity at hand, which may not extend to learning more generally. “If I get rewarded for doing math in a space-age video game, it doesn’t mean I’m going to be motivated to do math anywhere else.”

Gamification sometimes tries to make “chocolate-covered broccoli,” Schwartz said, by adding art and rewards to make speeded response tasks involving single-answer, factual questions more fun. He hopes to see more creative play patterns that give students points for rethinking an approach or adapting their strategy, rather than only rewarding them for quickly producing a correct response.

Data-gathering and analysis

The growing use of technology in schools is producing massive amounts of data on students’ activities in the classroom and online. “We’re now able to capture moment-to-moment data, every keystroke a kid makes,” said Schwartz – data that can reveal areas of struggle and different learning opportunities, from solving a math problem to approaching a writing assignment.

But outside of research settings, he said, that type of granular data – now owned by tech companies – is more likely used to refine the design of the software than to provide teachers with actionable information.

The promise of personalized learning is being able to generate content aligned with students’ interests and skill levels, and making lessons more accessible for multilingual learners and students with disabilities. Realizing that promise requires that educators can make sense of the data that’s being collected, said Schwartz – and while advances in AI are making it easier to identify patterns and findings, the data also needs to be in a system and form educators can access and analyze for decision-making. Developing a usable infrastructure for that data, Schwartz said, is an important next step.

With the accumulation of student data comes privacy concerns: How is the data being collected? Are there regulations or guidelines around its use in decision-making? What steps are being taken to prevent unauthorized access? In 2023 K-12 schools experienced a rise in cyberattacks, underscoring the need to implement strong systems to safeguard student data.

Technology is “requiring people to check their assumptions about education,” said Schwartz, noting that AI in particular is very efficient at replicating biases and automating the way things have been done in the past, including poor models of instruction. “But it’s also opening up new possibilities for students producing material, and for being able to identify children who are not average so we can customize toward them. It’s an opportunity to think of entirely new ways of teaching – this is the path I hope to see.”

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