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MIT’s top research stories of 2021

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Images for download on the MIT News office website are made available to non-commercial entities, press and the general public under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives license . You may not alter the images provided, other than to crop them to size. A credit line must be used when reproducing images; if one is not provided below, credit the images to "MIT."

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Despite the pandemic’s disruptions, MIT’s research community still found a way to generate a number of impressive research breakthroughs in 2021. In the spirit of reflection that comes with every new orbit around the sun, below we count down 10 of the most-viewed research stories on MIT News from the past year.

We’ve also rounded up the year’s top MIT community-related stories .

10. Giving cancer treatment a recharge . In October, researchers discovered a way to jump-start the immune system to attack tumors. The method combines chemotherapy and immunotherapy to spur immune cells into action. The researchers hope it could allow immunotherapy to be used against more types of cancer.

9. Generating 3D holograms in real-time . Computer scientists developed a deep-learning-based system that allows computers to create holograms almost instantly. The system could be used to create holograms for virtual reality, 3D printing, medical imaging, and more — and it’s efficient enough to run on a smartphone.

8. Creating inhalable vaccines . Scientists at the Koch Institute developed a method for delivering vaccines directly to the lungs through inhalation. The new strategy induced a strong immune response in the lungs of mice and could offer a quicker response to viruses that infect hosts through mucosal surfaces.

7. Assessing Covid-19 transmission risk . Two MIT professors proposed a new approach to estimating the risks of exposure to Covid-19 in different indoor settings. The guidelines suggest a limit for exposure based on factors such as the size of the space, the number of people, the kinds of activity, whether masks are worn, and ventilation and filtration rates.

6. Teaching machine learning models to adapt . Researchers in CSAIL developed a new type of neural network that can change its underlying equations to continuously adapt to new data. The advance could improve models’ decision-making based on data that changes over time, such as in medical diagnosis and autonomous driving.

5. Programming fibers . In June, a team created the first fabric fiber with digital capabilities. The fibers can sense, store, analyze, and infer data and activity after being sewn into a shirt. The researchers say the fibers could be used to monitor physical performance, to detect diseases, and for a variety of medical purposes.

4. Examining the limitations of data visualizations . A collaboration between anthropologists and computer scientists found that coronavirus skeptics have used sophisticated data visualizations to argue against public health orthodoxy like wearing a mask. The researchers concluded that data visualizations aren’t sufficient to convey the urgency of the Covid-19 pandemic because even the clearest graphs can be interpreted through a variety of belief systems.

3. Developing a Covid-detecting face mask . Engineers at MIT and Harvard University designed a prototype face mask that can diagnose the person wearing the mask with Covid-19 in about 90 minutes. The masks are embedded with tiny, disposable sensors that can be fitted into other face masks and could also be adapted to detect other viruses.

2. Confirming Hawking’s black hole theorem . Using observations of gravitational waves, physicists from MIT and elsewhere confirmed a major theorem created by Stephen Hawking in 1971. The theorem states that the area of a black hole’s event horizon — the boundary beyond which nothing can ever escape — will never shrink.

1. Advancing toward fusion energy . In September, researchers at MIT and the MIT spinout Commonwealth Fusion Systems ramped up a high-temperature superconducting electromagnet to a field strength of 20 tesla, the most powerful magnetic field of its kind ever created on Earth. The demonstration was three years in the making and is believed to resolve one of greatest remaining points of uncertainty in the quest to build the world’s first fusion power plant that produces more energy than it consumes.

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What we know about long COVID — from brain fog to physical fatigue

Millions of people are affected by long COVID, a disease that encompasses a range of symptoms — everything from brain fog to chronic fatigue — and that manifests differently across patients. The Washington Post/The Washington Post via Getty Images hide caption

What we know about long COVID — from brain fog to physical fatigue

March 13, 2024 • "Long COVID has affected every part of my life," said Virginia resident Rachel Beale said at a recent Senate hearing. "I wake up every day feeling tired, nauseous and dizzy. I immediately start planning when I can lay down again."

Domestic violence may leave telltale damage in the brain. Scientists want to find it

Maria E. Garay-Serratos holds a framed photograph of her mother, who died after suffering decades of domestic violence. Scientists are trying to understand how domestic violence damages the brain. Julio Serratos/Maria E. Garay-Serratos hide caption

Shots - Health News

Domestic violence may leave telltale damage in the brain. scientists want to find it.

March 8, 2024 • Traumatic brain injuries from intimate partner violence are common, and potentially more severe than those seen in sports.

The "shocking" tactic electric fish use to collectively sense the world

Elephantnose Fish, Gnathonemus petersii, Congo ullstein bild hide caption

The "shocking" tactic electric fish use to collectively sense the world

March 8, 2024 • Neuroscientist Nathan Sawtell has spent a lot of time studying the electric elephantnose fish. These fish send and decipher weak electric signals, which Sawtell hopes will eventually help neuroscientists better understand how the brain filters sensory information about the outside world. As Sawtell has studied these electric critters, he's had a lingering question: why do they always seem to organize themselves in a particular orientation. At first, he couldn't figure out why, but a new study released this week in Nature may have an answer: the fish are creating an electrical network larger than any field a single fish can muster alone, and providing collective knowledge about potential dangers in the surrounding water.

The "shocking" tactic electric fish use to collectively sense the world

Meet the public health researchers trying to rein in America's gun violence crisis

A digital illustration of a circle of hands extending from the edge of the image, each holding a sheet of paper. The papers overlap in the center and, like a puzzle, come together to reveal a drawing of a handgun. Oona Tempest/KFF Health News hide caption

Meet the public health researchers trying to rein in America's gun violence crisis

Kff health news.

March 6, 2024 • After the 1996 Dickey Amendment halted federal spending on gun violence research, a small group of academics pressed on, with little money or support. Now a new generation is taking up the charge.

The Voyager 1 spacecraft has a big glitch. Now, NASA must figure out how to fix it

This artist's concept shows the Voyager 1 spacecraft entering the space between stars. Interstellar space is dominated by plasma, ionized gas (illustrated here as brownish haze). NASA/JPL-Caltech hide caption

The Voyager 1 spacecraft has a big glitch. Now, NASA must figure out how to fix it

March 6, 2024 • The Voyager 1 space probe is the farthest human-made object in space. It launched in 1977 with a golden record on board that carried assorted sounds of our home planet: greetings in many different languages, dogs barking, and the sound of two people kissing, to name but a few examples. The idea with this record was that someday, Voyager 1 might be our emissary to alien life – an audible time capsule of Earth's beings. Since its launch, it also managed to complete missions to Jupiter and Saturn. In 2012, it crossed into interstellar space.

Clues to a better understanding of chronic fatigue syndrome emerge from a major study

A case of bronchitis in 2014 left Sanna Stella, a therapist who lives in the Chicago area, with debilitating fatigue. Stacey Wescott/Tribune News Service via Getty Images hide caption

Clues to a better understanding of chronic fatigue syndrome emerge from a major study

February 23, 2024 • After seven years of research, the findings shed light on the long-neglected illness. Scientists say the results could lead to future trials for potential treatments.

Scientists scanning the seafloor discover a long-lost Stone Age 'megastructure'

A 3D model of a short section of the stone wall. The scale at the bottom of the image measures 50 cm. Photos by Philipp Hoy, University of Rostock; model created using Agisoft Metashape by J. Auer, LAKD M-V hide caption

Scientists scanning the seafloor discover a long-lost Stone Age 'megastructure'

February 22, 2024 • The more than half mile long wall, called the Blinkerwall, was likely used by Stone Age hunter-gatherers to herd reindeer toward a shooting blind.

In light of the solar maximum, a look at the biggest solar storm in recorded history

The sun emits a mid-level solar flare releasing a burst of solar material. NASA hide caption

In light of the solar maximum, a look at the biggest solar storm in recorded history

February 21, 2024 • We are at the height of the Sun's activity in its eleven year cycle, known to astronomers as the solar maximum. This means that over the next several months there's going to be a lot of solar activity. It's got us thinking back to 1859. That's when astronomer Richard Carrington was studying the Sun when he witnessed the most intense geomagnetic storm recorded in history. The storm, triggered by a giant solar flare, sent brilliant auroral displays across the globe causing electrical sparking and fires in telegraph stations. This encore episode, Regina talks to solar physicist Dr. Samaiyah Farid about what's now known as the Carrington event and about what may happen the next time a massive solar storm hits Earth.

One woolly mammoth's journey at the end of the Ice Age

One woolly mammoth's journey at the end of the Ice Age

February 19, 2024 • Lately, paleoecologist Audrey Rowe has been a bit preoccupied with a girl named Elma. That's because Elma is ... a woolly mammoth. And 14,000 years ago, when Elma was alive, her habitat in interior Alaska was rapidly changing. The Ice Age was coming to a close and human hunters were starting early settlements. Which leads to an intriguing question: Who, or what , killed her? In the search for answers, Audrey traces Elma's life and journey through — get this — a single tusk. Today, she shares her insights on what the mammoth extinction from thousands of years ago can teach us about megafauna extinctions today with guest host Nate Rott .

Tai chi reduces blood pressure better than aerobic exercise, study finds

Tai chi has many health benefits. It improves flexibility, reduces stress and can help lower blood pressure. Ruth Jenkinson/Getty Images/Science Photo Library hide caption

Tai chi reduces blood pressure better than aerobic exercise, study finds

February 14, 2024 • The slow-moving Chinese martial art tai chi is known to increase flexibility and balance. Now, research suggests it's more effective at reducing blood pressure than more vigorous forms of exercise.

Manny loves Cayenne. Plus, 5 facts about queer animals for Valentine's Day

Manny and Cayenne wrestle and kiss. LA Johnson/NPR hide caption

Manny loves Cayenne. Plus, 5 facts about queer animals for Valentine's Day

February 14, 2024 • In a Valentine's Day exclusive report, NPR has learned there is currently a gay anteater couple at Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute in Washington D.C.But this couple is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg when it comes to queerness in the animal world – it's been documented in hundreds of species. We spoke with wildlife ecologist Christine Wilkinson of the "Queer is Natural" TikTok series to uncover the wildest, queerest animals of the bunch.

Across the world, migrating animal populations are dwindling. Here's why

Ninety-seven percent of migratory fish species are facing extinction. Whale sharks, the world's largest living fish, are among the endangered. Ullstein Bild/Ullstein Bild hide caption

Across the world, migrating animal populations are dwindling. Here's why

February 12, 2024 • In a landmark U.N. study, researchers found nearly half of the world's threatened migratory species have declining populations. More than a fifth of the assessed animals face extinction.

Clownfish might be counting their potential enemies' stripes

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February 9, 2024 • At least, that's what a group of researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University thinks. The team recently published a study in the journal Experimental Biology suggesting that Amphiphrion ocellaris , or clown anemonefish, may be counting. Specifically, the authors think the fish may be looking at the number of vertical white stripes on each other as well as other anemonefish as a way to identify their own species. Not only that — the researchers think that the fish are noticing the minutiae of other anemonefish's looks because of some fishy marine geopolitics.

California sea otters nearly went extinct. Now they're rescuing their coastal habitat

A sea otter in the estuarine water of Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, Calif. Emma Levy hide caption

California sea otters nearly went extinct. Now they're rescuing their coastal habitat

February 8, 2024 • California sea otter populations have rebounded in recent decades. New research finds that by feasting on shore crabs, these otters are helping to protect their coastal marsh habitat against erosion.

Why wolves are thriving in this radioactive zone

Why wolves are thriving in this radioactive zone

February 5, 2024 • In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded, releasing radioactive material into northern Ukraine and Belarus. It was the most serious nuclear accident in history. Over one hundred thousand people were evacuated from the surrounding area. But local gray wolves never left — and their population has grown over the years. It's seven times denser than populations in protected lands elsewhere in Belarus. This fact has led scientists to wonder whether the wolves are genetically either resistant or resilient to cancer — or if the wolves are simply thriving because humans aren't interfering with them.

Need to track animals around the world? Tap into the 'spider-verse,' scientists say

Spiderwebs can act as air filters that catch environmental DNA from terrestrial vertebrates, scientists say. Rob Stothard/Getty Images hide caption

Need to track animals around the world? Tap into the 'spider-verse,' scientists say

February 1, 2024 • Spiderwebs can capture environmental DNA, or eDNA, from vertebrate animals in their area, potentially making them a useful tool in animal monitoring, tracking and conservation.

'Like moths to a flame'? Here's what's going on with insects and porch lights

Scientists have found that artificial light can interfere with many insects' ability to position themselves relative to the sky. Scott Linstead / Science Source hide caption

'Like moths to a flame'? Here's what's going on with insects and porch lights

January 30, 2024 • Those insects you see flying in crazed circles are trying to keep their backs towards the light because they think that direction is up, new research suggests.

Coronavirus FAQ: How long does my post-COVID protection last? When is it booster time?

Goats and Soda

Coronavirus faq: how long does my post-covid protection last when is it booster time.

January 28, 2024 • How long does immunity last after an infection? Are rapid tests always accurate? How often is a booster in order? In this installment of our FAQ series, we look into questions about "COVID time."

'Hot droughts' are becoming more common in the arid West, new study finds

Hotter than normal temperatures are exacerbating the megadrought that's depleted Western water reserves, like Elephant Butte Reservoir in southern New Mexico, new research finds. Mario Tama/Getty Images hide caption

'Hot droughts' are becoming more common in the arid West, new study finds

January 26, 2024 • Scientists looked at trees to better understand the interplay between temperatures and droughts in the Western U.S. Human-caused climate change is exacerbating both.

That giant extinct shark, Megalodon? Maybe it wasn't so mega

That giant extinct shark, Megalodon? Maybe it wasn't so mega

January 26, 2024 • The ancient extinct shark that starred in the film The Meg is thought to be the largest shark that ever swam the Earth. But there's debate over what it really looked like.

When tiny, invasive ants go marching in ... and alter an ecosystem

An invasion of big-headed ants has changed the landscape at the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Laikipia, Kenya. Elephants wander a landscape that has fewer trees and more open grasslands. Brandon Hays hide caption

When tiny, invasive ants go marching in ... and alter an ecosystem

January 26, 2024 • At the Ol Pejeta Conservancy , a wildlife preserve in central Kenya, lions and cheetahs mingle with zebras and elephants across many miles of savannah – grasslands with "whistling thorn" acacia trees dotting the landscape here and there. Twenty years ago, the savanna was littered with them. Then came invasive big-headed ants that killed native ants — and left the acacia trees vulnerable. Over time, elephants have knocked down many of the trees. That has altered the landscape — and the diets of other animals in the local food web.

Experiencing racism may physically change your brain

Experiencing racism may physically change your brain

January 24, 2024 • Scientists know that Black people are at a greater risk for health problems like heart disease , diabetes and Alzheimer's disease than white people. A growing body of research shows that racism–in health systems and the effects of experiencing racial discrimination–contributes to these long-standing health disparities for Black communities. Now, some researchers are asking whether part of the explanation involves how racism changes the brain.

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Science News

A 2-D simplified illustration of the smallest known molecular knot, a chain of 54 gold, phosphorus, oxygen and carbon atoms crosses itself three times to form a pretzel-like shape.

The smallest known molecular knot is made of just 54 atoms

Chemists are still trying to figure out why this combination of gold, phosphorus, oxygen and carbon atoms resulted in a molecular knot in the first place.

Here’s how tardigrades go into suspended animation

Capturing methane from the air would slow global warming. can it be done.

Against a night-black background, a hawkmoth hovers over a paper filter cone that is designed to mimic a night-blooming flower. The hawkmoth's long proboscis is reaching into the center of the cone.

How air pollution may make it harder for pollinators to find flowers

Certain air pollutants that build up at night can break down the same fragrance molecules that attract pollinators like hawk moths to primroses.

Waterlogged soils can give hurricanes new life after they arrive on land

Ancient trees’ gnarled, twisted shapes provide irreplaceable habitats.

Bundled in layers of warm clothing, a pedestrian in Minneapolis braves a freezing day

The U.S. now has a drug for severe frostbite. How does it work?

Iloprost has been shown to prevent the need to amputate frozen fingers and toes. It’s now approved for use to treat severe frostbite in the U.S.

The blood holds clues to understanding long COVID

Here’s why pain might last after persistent urinary tract infections.

Four brown horses wade in shallow water

Male mammals aren’t always bigger than females

In a study of over 400 mammal species, less than half have males that are, on average, heavier than females, undermining a long-standing assumption.

A decades-old mystery has been solved with the help of newfound bee species

Big monarch caterpillars don’t avoid toxic milkweed goo. they binge on it.

An image of grey numbers piled on top of each other. All numbers are grey except for the visible prime numbers of 5, 11, 17, 23 and 29, which are highlighted blue.

How two outsiders tackled the mystery of arithmetic progressions

Computer scientists made progress on a decades-old puzzle in a subfield of mathematics known as combinatorics.

A predicted quasicrystal is based on the ‘einstein’ tile known as the hat

Here’s how much fruit you can take from a display before it collapses.

An image of a forest

Forests might serve as enormous neutrino detectors 

Trees could act as antennas that pick up radio waves of ultra-high energy neutrinos interactions, one physicist proposes.

‘Countdown’ takes stock of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile

Physicist sekazi mtingwa considers himself an apostle of science, science & society.

Cady Coleman looks through a circular window on the ISS.

‘Space: The Longest Goodbye’ explores astronauts’ mental health

The documentary follows NASA astronauts and the psychologists helping them prepare for future long-distance space trips to the moon and Mars.

Why large language models aren’t headed toward humanlike understanding

Did the james webb telescope ‘break the universe’ maybe not, the desert planet in ‘dune’ is plausible, according to science.

Two abstract heads look at each other. One has a computer brain and the other has a real human brain.

Unlike people, today's generative AI isn’t good at learning concepts that it can apply to new situations.

Could a rice-meat hybrid be what’s for dinner?

How do babies learn words an ai experiment may hold clues.

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Education During Coronavirus

A Smithsonian magazine special report

Science | June 15, 2020

Seventy-Five Scientific Research Projects You Can Contribute to Online

From astrophysicists to entomologists, many researchers need the help of citizen scientists to sift through immense data collections

Citizen science (mobile)

Rachael Lallensack

Former Assistant Editor, Science and Innovation

If you find yourself tired of streaming services, reading the news or video-chatting with friends, maybe you should consider becoming a citizen scientist. Though it’s true that many field research projects are paused , hundreds of scientists need your help sifting through wildlife camera footage and images of galaxies far, far away, or reading through diaries and field notes from the past.

Plenty of these tools are free and easy enough for children to use. You can look around for projects yourself on Smithsonian Institution’s citizen science volunteer page , National Geographic ’s list of projects and CitizenScience.gov ’s catalog of options. Zooniverse is a platform for online-exclusive projects , and Scistarter allows you to restrict your search with parameters, including projects you can do “on a walk,” “at night” or “on a lunch break.”

To save you some time, Smithsonian magazine has compiled a collection of dozens of projects you can take part in from home.

A blue heron caught on a trail cam.

American Wildlife

If being home has given you more time to look at wildlife in your own backyard, whether you live in the city or the country, consider expanding your view, by helping scientists identify creatures photographed by camera traps. Improved battery life, motion sensors, high-resolution and small lenses have made camera traps indispensable tools for conservation.These cameras capture thousands of images that provide researchers with more data about ecosystems than ever before.

Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute’s eMammal platform , for example, asks users to identify animals for conservation projects around the country. Currently, eMammal is being used by the Woodland Park Zoo ’s Seattle Urban Carnivore Project, which studies how coyotes, foxes, raccoons, bobcats and other animals coexist with people, and the Washington Wolverine Project, an effort to monitor wolverines in the face of climate change. Identify urban wildlife for the Chicago Wildlife Watch , or contribute to wilderness projects documenting North American biodiversity with The Wilds' Wildlife Watch in Ohio , Cedar Creek: Eyes on the Wild in Minnesota , Michigan ZoomIN , Western Montana Wildlife and Snapshot Wisconsin .

"Spend your time at home virtually exploring the Minnesota backwoods,” writes the lead researcher of the Cedar Creek: Eyes on the Wild project. “Help us understand deer dynamics, possum populations, bear behavior, and keep your eyes peeled for elusive wolves!"

A baby elephant stands between the legs of an adult elephant.

If being cooped up at home has you daydreaming about traveling, Snapshot Safari has six active animal identification projects. Try eyeing lions, leopards, cheetahs, wild dogs, elephants, giraffes, baobab trees and over 400 bird species from camera trap photos taken in South African nature reserves, including De Hoop Nature Reserve and Madikwe Game Reserve .

With South Sudan DiversityCam , researchers are using camera traps to study biodiversity in the dense tropical forests of southwestern South Sudan. Part of the Serenegeti Lion Project, Snapshot Serengeti needs the help of citizen scientists to classify millions of camera trap images of species traveling with the wildebeest migration.

Classify all kinds of monkeys with Chimp&See . Count, identify and track giraffes in northern Kenya . Watering holes host all kinds of wildlife, but that makes the locales hotspots for parasite transmission; Parasite Safari needs volunteers to help figure out which animals come in contact with each other and during what time of year.

Mount Taranaki in New Zealand is a volcanic peak rich in native vegetation, but native wildlife, like the North Island brown kiwi, whio/blue duck and seabirds, are now rare—driven out by introduced predators like wild goats, weasels, stoats, possums and rats. Estimate predator species compared to native wildlife with Taranaki Mounga by spotting species on camera trap images.

The Zoological Society of London’s (ZSL) Instant Wild app has a dozen projects showcasing live images and videos of wildlife around the world. Look for bears, wolves and lynx in Croatia ; wildcats in Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula ; otters in Hampshire, England ; and both black and white rhinos in the Lewa-Borana landscape in Kenya.

An image featuring marine life from Invader ID.

Under the Sea

Researchers use a variety of technologies to learn about marine life and inform conservation efforts. Take, for example, Beluga Bits , a research project focused on determining the sex, age and pod size of beluga whales visiting the Churchill River in northern Manitoba, Canada. With a bit of training, volunteers can learn how to differentiate between a calf, a subadult (grey) or an adult (white)—and even identify individuals using scars or unique pigmentation—in underwater videos and images. Beluga Bits uses a “ beluga boat ,” which travels around the Churchill River estuary with a camera underneath it, to capture the footage and collect GPS data about the whales’ locations.

Many of these online projects are visual, but Manatee Chat needs citizen scientists who can train their ear to decipher manatee vocalizations. Researchers are hoping to learn what calls the marine mammals make and when—with enough practice you might even be able to recognize the distinct calls of individual animals.

Several groups are using drone footage to monitor seal populations. Seals spend most of their time in the water, but come ashore to breed. One group, Seal Watch , is analyzing time-lapse photography and drone images of seals in the British territory of South Georgia in the South Atlantic. A team in Antarctica captured images of Weddell seals every ten minutes while the seals were on land in spring to have their pups. The Weddell Seal Count project aims to find out what threats—like fishing and climate change—the seals face by monitoring changes in their population size. Likewise, the Año Nuevo Island - Animal Count asks volunteers to count elephant seals, sea lions, cormorants and more species on a remote research island off the coast of California.

With Floating Forests , you’ll sift through 40 years of satellite images of the ocean surface identifying kelp forests, which are foundational for marine ecosystems, providing shelter for shrimp, fish and sea urchins. A project based in southwest England, Seagrass Explorer , is investigating the decline of seagrass beds. Researchers are using baited cameras to spot commercial fish in these habitats as well as looking out for algae to study the health of these threatened ecosystems. Search for large sponges, starfish and cold-water corals on the deep seafloor in Sweden’s first marine park with the Koster seafloor observatory project.

The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center needs your help spotting invasive species with Invader ID . Train your eye to spot groups of organisms, known as fouling communities, that live under docks and ship hulls, in an effort to clean up marine ecosystems.

If art history is more your speed, two Dutch art museums need volunteers to start “ fishing in the past ” by analyzing a collection of paintings dating from 1500 to 1700. Each painting features at least one fish, and an interdisciplinary research team of biologists and art historians wants you to identify the species of fish to make a clearer picture of the “role of ichthyology in the past.”

Pictured is a Zerene eurydice specimen, or California dogface butterfly, caught in 1951.

Interesting Insects

Notes from Nature is a digitization effort to make the vast resources in museums’ archives of plants and insects more accessible. Similarly, page through the University of California Berkeley’s butterfly collection on CalBug to help researchers classify these beautiful critters. The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology has already digitized about 300,000 records, but their collection exceeds 4 million bugs. You can hop in now and transcribe their grasshopper archives from the last century . Parasitic arthropods, like mosquitos and ticks, are known disease vectors; to better locate these critters, the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker project is working with 22 collections and institutions to digitize over 1.2 million specimens—and they’re 95 percent done . If you can tolerate mosquito buzzing for a prolonged period of time, the HumBug project needs volunteers to train its algorithm and develop real-time mosquito detection using acoustic monitoring devices. It’s for the greater good!

Pelicans coming in for landing on PELIcam.

For the Birders

Birdwatching is one of the most common forms of citizen science . Seeing birds in the wilderness is certainly awe-inspiring, but you can birdwatch from your backyard or while walking down the sidewalk in big cities, too. With Cornell University’s eBird app , you can contribute to bird science at any time, anywhere. (Just be sure to remain a safe distance from wildlife—and other humans, while we social distance ). If you have safe access to outdoor space—a backyard, perhaps—Cornell also has a NestWatch program for people to report observations of bird nests. Smithsonian’s Migratory Bird Center has a similar Neighborhood Nest Watch program as well.

Birdwatching is easy enough to do from any window, if you’re sheltering at home, but in case you lack a clear view, consider these online-only projects. Nest Quest currently has a robin database that needs volunteer transcribers to digitize their nest record cards.

You can also pitch in on a variety of efforts to categorize wildlife camera images of burrowing owls , pelicans , penguins (new data coming soon!), and sea birds . Watch nest cam footage of the northern bald ibis or greylag geese on NestCams to help researchers learn about breeding behavior.

Or record the coloration of gorgeous feathers across bird species for researchers at London’s Natural History Museum with Project Plumage .

A pressed Wister's coralroot below a letter and sketch of the flower found in Oct. 1937

Pretty Plants

If you’re out on a walk wondering what kind of plants are around you, consider downloading Leafsnap , an electronic field guide app developed by Columbia University, the University of Maryland and the Smithsonian Institution. The app has several functions. First, it can be used to identify plants with its visual recognition software. Secondly, scientists can learn about the “ the ebb and flow of flora ” from geotagged images taken by app users.

What is older than the dinosaurs, survived three mass extinctions and still has a living relative today? Ginko trees! Researchers at Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History are studying ginko trees and fossils to understand millions of years of plant evolution and climate change with the Fossil Atmospheres project . Using Zooniverse, volunteers will be trained to identify and count stomata, which are holes on a leaf’s surface where carbon dioxide passes through. By counting these holes, or quantifying the stomatal index, scientists can learn how the plants adapted to changing levels of carbon dioxide. These results will inform a field experiment conducted on living trees in which a scientist is adjusting the level of carbon dioxide for different groups.

Help digitize and categorize millions of botanical specimens from natural history museums, research institutions and herbaria across the country with the Notes from Nature Project . Did you know North America is home to a variety of beautiful orchid species? Lend botanists a handby typing handwritten labels on pressed specimens or recording their geographic and historic origins for the New York Botanical Garden’s archives. Likewise, the Southeastern U.S. Biodiversity project needs assistance labeling pressed poppies, sedums, valerians, violets and more. Groups in California , Arkansas , Florida , Texas and Oklahoma all invite citizen scientists to partake in similar tasks.

A group of Harvard computers and astronomers.

Historic Women in Astronomy

Become a transcriber for Project PHaEDRA and help researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics preserve the work of Harvard’s women “computers” who revolutionized astronomy in the 20th century. These women contributed more than 130 years of work documenting the night sky, cataloging stars, interpreting stellar spectra, counting galaxies, and measuring distances in space, according to the project description .

More than 2,500 notebooks need transcription on Project PhaEDRA - Star Notes . You could start with Annie Jump Cannon , for example. In 1901, Cannon designed a stellar classification system that astronomers still use today. Cecilia Payne discovered that stars are made primarily of hydrogen and helium and can be categorized by temperature. Two notebooks from Henrietta Swan Leavitt are currently in need of transcription. Leavitt, who was deaf, discovered the link between period and luminosity in Cepheid variables, or pulsating stars, which “led directly to the discovery that the Universe is expanding,” according to her bio on Star Notes .

Volunteers are also needed to transcribe some of these women computers’ notebooks that contain references to photographic glass plates . These plates were used to study space from the 1880s to the 1990s. For example, in 1890, Williamina Flemming discovered the Horsehead Nebula on one of these plates . With Star Notes, you can help bridge the gap between “modern scientific literature and 100 years of astronomical observations,” according to the project description . Star Notes also features the work of Cannon, Leavitt and Dorrit Hoffleit , who authored the fifth edition of the Bright Star Catalog, which features 9,110 of the brightest stars in the sky.

A microscopic image of white blood cells

Microscopic Musings

Electron microscopes have super-high resolution and magnification powers—and now, many can process images automatically, allowing teams to collect an immense amount of data. Francis Crick Institute’s Etch A Cell - Powerhouse Hunt project trains volunteers to spot and trace each cell’s mitochondria, a process called manual segmentation. Manual segmentation is a major bottleneck to completing biological research because using computer systems to complete the work is still fraught with errors and, without enough volunteers, doing this work takes a really long time.

For the Monkey Health Explorer project, researchers studying the social behavior of rhesus monkeys on the tiny island Cayo Santiago off the southeastern coast of Puerto Rico need volunteers to analyze the monkeys’ blood samples. Doing so will help the team understand which monkeys are sick and which are healthy, and how the animals’ health influences behavioral changes.

Using the Zooniverse’s app on a phone or tablet, you can become a “ Science Scribbler ” and assist researchers studying how Huntington disease may change a cell’s organelles. The team at the United Kingdom's national synchrotron , which is essentially a giant microscope that harnesses the power of electrons, has taken highly detailed X-ray images of the cells of Huntington’s patients and needs help identifying organelles, in an effort to see how the disease changes their structure.

Oxford University’s Comprehensive Resistance Prediction for Tuberculosis: an International Consortium—or CRyPTIC Project , for short, is seeking the aid of citizen scientists to study over 20,000 TB infection samples from around the world. CRyPTIC’s citizen science platform is called Bash the Bug . On the platform, volunteers will be trained to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics on a given sample. Each evaluation will be checked by a scientist for accuracy and then used to train a computer program, which may one day make this process much faster and less labor intensive.

12 images from the platform showcasing different galactic formations

Out of This World

If you’re interested in contributing to astronomy research from the comfort and safety of your sidewalk or backyard, check out Globe at Night . The project monitors light pollution by asking users to try spotting constellations in the night sky at designated times of the year . (For example, Northern Hemisphere dwellers should look for the Bootes and Hercules constellations from June 13 through June 22 and record the visibility in Globe at Night’s app or desktop report page .)

For the amateur astrophysicists out there, the opportunities to contribute to science are vast. NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission is asking for volunteers to search for new objects at the edges of our solar system with the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 project .

Galaxy Zoo on Zooniverse and its mobile app has operated online citizen science projects for the past decade. According to the project description, there are roughly one hundred billion galaxies in the observable universe. Surprisingly, identifying different types of galaxies by their shape is rather easy. “If you're quick, you may even be the first person to see the galaxies you're asked to classify,” the team writes.

With Radio Galaxy Zoo: LOFAR , volunteers can help identify supermassive blackholes and star-forming galaxies. Galaxy Zoo: Clump Scout asks users to look for young, “clumpy” looking galaxies, which help astronomers understand galaxy evolution.

If current events on Earth have you looking to Mars, perhaps you’d be interested in checking out Planet Four and Planet Four: Terrains —both of which task users with searching and categorizing landscape formations on Mars’ southern hemisphere. You’ll scroll through images of the Martian surface looking for terrain types informally called “spiders,” “baby spiders,” “channel networks” and “swiss cheese.”

Gravitational waves are telltale ripples in spacetime, but they are notoriously difficult to measure. With Gravity Spy , citizen scientists sift through data from Laser Interferometer Gravitational­-Wave Observatory, or LIGO , detectors. When lasers beamed down 2.5-mile-long “arms” at these facilities in Livingston, Louisiana and Hanford, Washington are interrupted, a gravitational wave is detected. But the detectors are sensitive to “glitches” that, in models, look similar to the astrophysical signals scientists are looking for. Gravity Spy teaches citizen scientists how to identify fakes so researchers can get a better view of the real deal. This work will, in turn, train computer algorithms to do the same.

Similarly, the project Supernova Hunters needs volunteers to clear out the “bogus detections of supernovae,” allowing researchers to track the progression of actual supernovae. In Hubble Space Telescope images, you can search for asteroid tails with Hubble Asteroid Hunter . And with Planet Hunters TESS , which teaches users to identify planetary formations, you just “might be the first person to discover a planet around a nearby star in the Milky Way,” according to the project description.

Help astronomers refine prediction models for solar storms, which kick up dust that impacts spacecraft orbiting the sun, with Solar Stormwatch II. Thanks to the first iteration of the project, astronomers were able to publish seven papers with their findings.

With Mapping Historic Skies , identify constellations on gorgeous celestial maps of the sky covering a span of 600 years from the Adler Planetarium collection in Chicago. Similarly, help fill in the gaps of historic astronomy with Astronomy Rewind , a project that aims to “make a holistic map of images of the sky.”

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Rachael Lallensack

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Rachael Lallensack is the former assistant web editor for science and innovation at Smithsonian .

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NIH Launches Community-Led Research Program to Advance Health Equity

Awards to community organizations will enable examination of structural drivers of health

September 28, 2023 • Press Release

The National Institutes of Health is funding a first-of-its-kind community-led research program to study ways to address the underlying structural factors within communities that affect health, such as access to safe spaces, healthy food, employment opportunities, transportation, and quality health care. Through the NIH Common Fund Community Partnerships to Advance Science for Society (ComPASS) program, NIH made 26 awards to community organizations and a coordinating center, totaling approximately $171 million over five years, pending the availability of funds. Through these awards, ComPASS will enable research into sustainable solutions that promote health equity to create lasting change in communities across the nation.

NIH is directly funding research projects led by community organizations. Leaders from the organizations will work in collaboration with their research partners at academic institutions and other organizations in all phases of the research process. ComPASS projects study social determinants of health — the social, physical, and economic conditions where people are born, grow, live, work, age, and play — that contribute to health inequities.

"The ComPASS research model harnesses diverse perspectives and expertise to examine systemic factors that impact the health of individuals, communities, and populations," said NIH Acting Director Lawrence Tabak, D.D.S., Ph.D. “We are excited to see how results from these awards exemplify the transformative power of community-driven research."

The projects  will examine underlying conditions and environments that influence health outcomes by enabling the development, implementation, and assessment of structural interventions. Structural interventions are meant to alter social determinants of health by changing factors that create differences in opportunities to achieve optimal health.

Each award will foster the design of strategies to improve health outcomes through innovative structural interventions to address community concerns, such as economic development, social and community context, neighborhood characteristics, health care access and quality, and nutrition and food environment. Community organizations and their research partners will work together to develop a structural intervention, launch it within their communities, and then assess whether the intervention improves health outcomes. Several examples of ComPASS-supported research projects, which focus on populations that experience health disparities  , include:

  • Supporting access to healthy food in underserved rural communities through the delivery of food boxes to local stores and individuals, and facilitating local food harvesting, processing, and distribution in the community. The project will measure whether these interventions reduce hunger, improve diet quality, promote healthy weight, and protect people against chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
  • Assessing whether early childcare strategies improve mental health for children and their parents and guardians. This project will develop and examine community strategies that increase access to public early childcare, education, and programming to support young children and families in areas with limited access to childcare.
  • Enhancing access to health care through individualized travel information and resources along with a transportation stipend for health care and related trips. The project will assess whether improved transportation access can reduce emergency department readmissions and secondary infections, decrease hospital costs, and improve disease management.
  • Improving access to quality health care for older adults from sexual and gender minority populations by creating culturally appropriate and inclusive protocols in the local health system. The project will measure how these changes in the local health system affect overall physical and mental health.
  • Assessing whether enhancing telehealth models in rural communities can improve preventative screening and disease management for cancer, depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, and other chronic diseases among agricultural workers. The project will improve telehealth by transforming the workers' access to affordable, reliable high-speed broadband internet.

NIH will gain valuable experience and insight into how to support successful future community-led health research. Each project will also contribute valuable data to a growing body of knowledge about social determinants of health and structural inequities.

The ComPASS program is funded by the NIH Common Fund and managed collaboratively by NIH staff from the Common Fund; National Cancer Institute; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; National Institute of Nursing Research; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, with many of the NIH Institutes Centers and Offices providing input and participating in program development and management. More information is available on the ComPASS program website: https://commonfund.nih.gov/compass  .

To learn more about ComPASS, watch this brief video   :

About the NIH Common Fund: The NIH Common Fund encourages collaboration and supports a series of exceptionally high-impact, NIH-wide programs. Common Fund programs are managed by the Office of Strategic Coordination in the Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives in the NIH Office of the Director in partnership with the NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices. More information is available at the Common Fund website: https://commonfund.nih.gov  .

About the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): The mission of the NIMH  is to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery and cure. For more information, visit the NIMH website .

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH) : NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH  and its programs, visit the NIH website  .

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USC + Amazon Center on Secure and Trusted Machine Learning selects six new research projects

Faculty and academic-fellow projects are focused on various aspects of trustworthy machine learning..

https://www.amazon.science/news-and-features/usc-amazon-center-on-secure-and-trusted-machine-learning-2023-2024-research-projects

The USC + Amazon Center on Secure and Trusted Machine Learning , established in January 2021 to support fundamental research and development of new approaches to machine learning (ML) privacy, security, and trustworthiness, today announced it has selected six research projects for 2023-2024, including four faculty projects and two academic projects led by new Amazon ML Fellows.

“The USC-Amazon partnership continues to flourish,” said Yannis C. Yortsos , dean of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. “The selection of the new projects and fellows is another testament to the quality and strength of our partnership. We look forward to their successful and impactful implementation for the collective, societal benefit.”

Below is information about the six research project recipients, including their areas of research:

Faculty recipients

Left to right, Salman Avestimehr, Dean’s Professor of electrical and computer engineering and computer science; Muhao Chen, research assistant professor of computer science; Lars Lindemann, assistant professor of computer science; Soutirini Chattpadhyay, assistant professor of computer science; and Konstantinos Psounis, professor of electrical and computer engineering and computer science.

  • Salman Avestimehr , Dean’s Professor of electrical and computer engineering and computer science: “ Advancing continual and federated learning with self- and mixed supervision.” Avestimehr’s research goal is to better leverage unlabeled data under the data heterogeneity and privacy constraints of distributed-learning settings, using two different approaches.
  • Muhao Chen , research assistant professor of computer science: “ Robust (controlled) natural-language generation with structure‐aware equivariance learning .” Chen’s research seeks to address challenges inherent in using pretrained sequence-to-sequence models for controlled natural-language generation (NLG), using a novel NLG framework based on structural-equivariance learning.
  • Lars Lindemann , assistant professor of computer science, and  Soutirini Chattpadhyay , assistant professor of computer science: “ Still don’t trust me? Building trustworthy AI code generation .” Their research proposes a new framework that decomposes intended user behavior into a sequence of code suggestions and adapts dynamically to maintain trust.
  • Konstantinos Psounis , professor of electrical and computer engineering and computer science: “ Private labeling and learning for voice assistants with cameras .” Psounis’s research will take on the challenge of achieving and maintaining the privacy of user videos using a variety of approaches.

Academic-fellow recipients

Brihi Joshi, left, and Fei Wang, right

  • Brihi Joshi is a third-year computer science PhD student, advised by Xiang Ren . Joshi’s research goal is to incorporate human-centered explainability into NLP systems, inspired by how humans interact among themselves and with these systems, while also borrowing insights from other disciplines.
  • Fei Wang is a PhD candidate in the computer science department, advised by Chen. His research interests lie in natural-language processing and machine learning, and his long-term goal is to build robust, controllable, and accountable large-language-model-based systems.

“Generative AI has recently ignited a profound set of questions to understand the societal impacts of AI,” said Avestimehr, the inaugural director of the USC + Amazon Center, who is also an Amazon Scholar . “Investigations into issues such as privacy, security, trustworthiness, and ownership have gained unprecedented attention, underscoring our vision when we started the center three years ago.”

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Related content

A photo grid shows JHU research award recipients. Top row, left to right: Jiang Liu, Ambar Pal, Aniket Roy, and Xuan Zhang; second row, left to right: Rama Chellappa, Anjalie Field, Philipp Koehn, and Leibny Paola Garcia Perera; fourth row, left to right: Vishal Patel, Carey Priebe, Jan Trmal, and Masha Yarmohammadi.

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How Video Games Are Making Research Fun

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Gamification and citizen science meet when research projects create video games to make data collection and analysis fun.

The SciStarter Blog

By Nathaniel Scharping

While we might imagine a scientist as a chemist concocting substances in a lab, or a biologist diving with sea creatures, the reality is often far more mundane. Much of science involves collecting and analyzing data, and that process isn’t always very exciting. Think counting bacteria in a petri dish, or noting if two stars look alike in an image of the Milky Way.

But a number of research projects have found a way to buck that trend and turn the grinding work of data collection and analysis into something fun, even rewarding. By creating games that bake the process of data collection into their mechanics, players can contribute data and even uncover new insights just by playing along. Gamification, along with the growing movement known as citizen science, which invites volunteers to take part in real science research, is, in its own way, reshaping what it means to do science.

Gamifying Science

Games that pair citizen science with rewarding play are probing treatments for cancer, helping to cure Alzheimer’s, probing the foundations of language and more. Not only are the games made to be fun, but they address a prevailing issue among crowdsourcing projects: the dropoff rate. Citizen science games tackle the problem with game mechanics that allow players to uncover valuable data through the simple act of playing, keeping them engaged. The results can be striking: Volunteers with the citizen science game Stall Catchers were able to process 50 times as much data as scientists working alone. And research in The Lancet on citizen science volunteers playing the game Cell Slider found that the players were more than 90 percent accurate in classifying images of tumors, nearing the accuracy of trained pathologists.

“The concept is for the player, without actually knowing the background of the problem, without knowing the science of the problem, to be able to do something that helps solve the problem,” says Jay Halderman, the vice president of  BALANCED Media |Technology , a video game company that’s created multiple citizen science video games.

The studio’s most recent game is a pattern-matching challenge called Rocks & Runes . Players place cartoon bombs on a board filled with brightly-colored runes, with the goal of destroying rocks and matching runes together. The game might feel familiar to anyone who’s ever played Candy Crush, and it takes all of five minutes to get the hang of.

Screenshot of Rocks & Runes gameplay

But beneath the bursts of color and flurries of point multipliers, players’ decisions are actually sorting through data from FDA-approved drug compounds to identify those that might be useful against multiple-drug-resistant chemotherapy. By eliminating rocks with bombs, players are virtually eliminating the ineffective properties of existing drugs and pointing machine learning algorithms toward more useful compounds, helping to sift out promising candidates from thousands of drugs.

Still, a player doesn’t even need to know the potential scientific benefits to enjoy the game. Adding enough reward to the gameplay to keep players interested in the game itself is a fundamental goal when designing citizen science games, says Nathan Bowden, a senior game designer at BALANCED Media|Technology.

“Everything we do, we’re trying to look at it through the lens of ‘is this fun?’” he says.

The designers often draw from existing video game archetypes — pattern matching, first-person shooters and more — when looking for inspiration. Sometimes the real challenge is simply finding the right paradigm for a particular dataset or scientific problem, Bowden says. When designing Wiley Wizard , a game that works with the same dataset as Rocks & Runes, the designers played around with half a dozen different game ideas before settling on one, a spooky cartoon world where a wizard fights ghosts.

“There’s just so many different ways you can encapsulate one piece of research into a single mechanic,” Bowden says.

Games With an Open Canvas

Another citizen science game, Glyph , takes a different approach. Instead of creating rigid rules or a defined path of gameplay, the project, which studies and compares alphabets from around the world, instead offers players a nearly blank slate.

The simple game asks players to come up with a set of rules to differentiate letters from alphabets around the world. The goal, says Olivier Morin , one of the game’s creators and a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology in Jena, Germany, is to develop a kind of grammar of letter shapes that the researchers can use to study how letters have evolved and how the shapes of letters affect our cognition. The researchers could have paid participants to do the work, like other lab experiments often do, Morin says. But by gamifying the process of data collection, he hopes they’ll be able to reach people who are much more creatively involved in the process, and more likely to come up with unique solutions.

“We need creative players who want to push the boundaries of the game and create unique kinds of data we could never gather in an experiment,” Morin says.

Players get points for coming up with rules for classifying the shapes of letters (think: these are all round, these all have a vertical line), with extra points if they’re the first-ever person to propose a particular rule. The response so far has been encouraging, Morin says, with a few thousand players from around the world. That’s ideal for a small game like theirs, he says, where the real goal is to reach people who might be highly interested in the challenge. Their top player right now has more than 60,000 points, which represents weeks of gameplay.

“That person really spent weeks trying to devise the most elegant, intelligible but innovative classification she could think of to make sense of letter shapes,” Morin says. “There’s no way a paid participant would do that in a few hours.”

Screenshot of Omega Cluster gameplay.

At Balanced Media, the designers have been exploring other ways to entice players to participate, including creating games that can be played inside live Twitch streams, which allow gamers to broadcast matches and interact. They created a new game styled like the classic “Asteroids” arcade game that can be played between matches right on Twitch. Players must separate matter from antimatter by drawing a straight line across the screen, a simple task that helps sort the same drug compound data as Rocks & Runes and Wiley Wizard.

Other citizen science games offer even more ways to get involved. The popular Stall Catchers game asks players to find “stalls,” or blocked blood vessels, in images of mouse brains to advance Alzheimer’s research. And in the iPad game NeMO- Net , players classify corals to help train an algorithm that’s watching over the health of coral reefs around the world.

There may be even more ways for gamers to do citizen science soon. Or, to put it another way, we may soon have even more fun citizen science games. The technology and infrastructure supporting the video game industry continues to grow, unlocking new capabilities and audiences as it does so.

“It’s giving us more and more opportunities for ways to present these things to a player,” Bowden says. “That’s incredibly exciting, the potential there.”

Want to try some for yourself? Find dozens of citizen science games on SciStarter .

About the Author

Nate is a science writer and editor who has reported everywhere from particle colliders to archaeological digs. He’s also a cofounder of Lunaris Creative, an agency focused on scientific storytelling for brands and nonprofits. You can find clips of his work at nathanielscharping.com.

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Women in STEMM from around the world meet for Homeward Bound project in Antarctica

Marine scientist Jodi Salmond standing in front of a glacier in Antarctica.

Marine scientist Jodi Salmond travelled all the way to Antarctica to become a leader in environmental conservation at her Sunshine Coast home. 

One of 88 women from 19 countries, Ms Salmond's 19-day journey aboard an ice-strengthened expedition ship completed a year-long leadership program with the Homeward Bound project.

The project supports women working in science, technology, engineering, maths and medicine (STEMM) to build connections and lead future conversations. 

Ms Salmond, who specialises in citizen science, conservation biology and reef ecology at Reef Check Australia, said the journey provided a space for women to "discuss real solutions for a more sustainable future".

Jodi swims underwater with a snorkle and does a check of the reef.

She said she had only just started to articulate the enormity of her experience since returning home in December.

"Put simply, Antarctica is beautiful, and mysterious and it is a stark reminder of the impact we have on the world around us," she said.

Seals gather around and sit on snow covered ridges.

'Bound for change'

Ms Salmond said the voyage aboard old research vessel MV Ushuaia was "nothing fancy".

"But it kept us safe and we managed to skirt the storms effectively," Ms Salmond said.

Ms Salmond said the temperature was so cold sometimes that any bare skin lost feeling as soon as it touched the air.

She said Antarctica had the "ability to make you feel small in a truly awe-inspiring way".

"It also provides early warning signs of climate change and represents the fragility of our natural world and why we need to protect it," she said.

"It challenges the way you think and opens the doors for collaborative thinking with other females that work across government, policy, law, industry and academia."

91 female scientists from around the world stand at the bow of the ship holding a sign that says the USHUAIA voyage.

Ms Salmond said the experience had given her insight into the complexity of large government organisations and the glacial pace at which changes were made at all levels. 

"It is so important that we start as individuals making changes in our daily lives, whilst continuing to support changes at the top level," Ms Salmond said.

"I left Antarctica with skills to take me to the next leadership level and a network of the most inspiring, empowering women from around the world I have ever met."

A woman instructs other women in a class aboard the ship to Antarctica.

What keeps women out

Tamantha Stutchbury, who directs business accelerator iAccelerate, was also on the journey.

Dr Stutchbury said she had dedicated 20 years to helping other women thrive in the science field.

She said it wasn't "a women versus men thing".

"Why is it acceptable that decisions are being made by one type of person, with one particular worldview, that isn't representative of society," Dr Stutchbury said.

"Diversity of people at the leadership table ensures that there is a greater breadth of ways of thinking and innovating. 

"We need more women as leaders … especially with the urgency of climate action needed this decade."

Dr Tamantha Stutchbury stands onboard the vessel as it arrives at Antarctica.

Dr Stutchbury said there were persistent imbalances in STEMM education and workforce participation.

"Women still only represent 15 per cent of the STEMM workforce despite participation increasing by 68 per cent since 2012," Dr Stutchbury said. 

Dr Stutchbury said some of the more ingrained reasons revolved around the structure of professional roles and their incompatibility with caring responsibilities.

"One in five female scientists have indicated they plan to leave their profession," she said.

"We also need more men to be championing the careers of women and people from diverse backgrounds and taking advantage of flexible work opportunities."

Dr Stutchbury said delayed action on climate change, growing inequalities and global unrest demands that we change the model of leadership.

"We also need not to be excluding half the world's populations in seeking solutions, particularly as women and girls will be disproportionately affected by climate impacts," she said.

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Regeneron STS

Insights from 7 Regeneron STS finalists at the Public Exhibition of Projects

By Lucy Curtis

Linus Tang, Ella Pilacek and other finalists look out from the roof of the MLK Jr. Memorial Library.

Yesterday afternoon, on March 10, the nation’s top 40 young scientists climbed to the fifth floor of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library in Washington D.C. to showcase their independent research projects and share their STEM passions with the public. This was an opportunity for the Regeneron Science Talent Search finalists to talk about what they know best: their own research.

Approximately 250 attendees convened to hear from this year’s talented group, congratulating them on their impressive achievements. We took some time to engage with seven students at the exhibition to gain insights into their current experiences and discover what they are particularly enthusiastic about as they look ahead.

Harshil Avlani poses at his board during the Public Exhibition of Projects

Harshil Avlani BASIS Chandler (Chandler, Arizona) Project title: Analyzing the Effect of Mid-Circuit Measurement (MCM) on Spectator Qubits

Harshil Avlani studied the arrangement of qubits (units of information) located in quantum computers, hoping to reduce significant errors. He hopes his research could one day lead to performance improvement in quantum computing systems. What will Harshil be doing once he gets home from STS? He says, “I’m probably moving on to something new. I’ve started a new project on the intersection between quantum computing and transformers, the machine learning model. So, I’ll probably be doing a lot more research into that.”

Alan Bu poses at his board at the Public Exhibition of Projects.

Alan Bu Phillips Exeter Academy (Exeter, New Hampshire) Project title: On the Maximum Number of Spanning Trees in a Planar Graph With a Fixed Number of Edges: A Linear-Algebraic Connection

Alan Bu’s math project sheds light on the structure of planar graphs by giving precise limits on how many spanning trees a planar graph can have. A spanning tree is the connecting point of vertices in a graph. What’s his favorite part of STS? “I’ve met a lot of amazing people here and I’ve learned a lot of things from them, and I want to grow as a person as well from this experience. I’ve also met a lot of people here from tons of different places, and I’m looking forward to potentially seeing them again in college, and maybe even doing research together in the future.”

Ella Pilacek shows the box she used to help condition her bees for her project.

Ella Pilacek Oviedo High School (Oviedo, Florida) Project title: Promoting Attraction of Apis mellifera to the Synthetic Scent of the Endangered Orchid Prosthechea cochleata Using Pavlovian Conditioning and Direct Feeding Paradigms for Conservation

Ella researched ways to teach non-native honeybees how to pollinate an endangered native orchid species, potentially enhancing pollination rates and increasing the likelihood of species survival. What’s Ella most excited to bring home? She says, “The connections that I’ve made with other people from a networking perspective. If I have physics question, there’s someone who just did an astrophysics project that I can talk to, who I can call and do homework with. Or even beyond that, the interactions with judges. I am excited for the feedback that I’m going to get from judges, hopefully at some point I can go and talk to them to ask, ‘Hey, what should I change?’ or ‘What do you think was a weak point?’ because obviously they can’t tell us during judging, but it would be helpful to get this feedback later.”

Rhea Rastogi stands by her project board at the Public Exhibition of Projects.

Rhea Rastogi Loveless Academic Magnet Program High School (Montgomery, Alabama) Project title: Understanding How the Maternal Epigenetic Reprogramming Function of LSD1 Contributes to Inherited Developmental Disease

Rhea Rastogi explored histone methylation and found that errors in the histone regulation in the mother’s oocytes can lead to irregular gene expression patterns in offspring that give rise to behavioral defects. Her findings could provide insight into the epigenetic pathways of human patients suffering from Kabuki-like Syndrome. What’s she most excited to bring home from the competition? She says, “All the female finalists have built such a close bond. We’ve only seen each other for three days now, but there’s so much we relate to in terms of how we feel—not just in this competition but in academics and our lives. I’ll also be taking home the fact that I am now free to dream about anything I want. This experience is sort of a trampoline into my future career. Now I don’t have to doubt myself constantly; I know that I can do it. I just have to believe in myself.”

Linus Tang stands by his poster at the Public Exhibition of Projects.

Linus Tang Davidson Academy Online (Reno, Nevada) Project title: Extremal Bounds on Peripherality Measures

Linus Tang researched centrality and peripherality measures in graph theory for his math project. Applications could include tracing disease-spread and understanding systems of chemical interactions. What’s his favorite part of STS so far? “Right now, I’m glad to have met the 39 other finalists. They are awesome people, and having met them is truly the most valuable part of this experience. I’m also happy that the Regeneron Science Talent Search has given me this opportunity to share my research with others.”

Nathan Wei poses by his poster at the Public Exhibition of Projects.

Nathan Wei Buchholz High School (Gainesville, Florida) Project title: Novel Elastomeric Polystyrene Via Photopolymerization and Post-Functionalization of Durable Ultra-High Molecular Weight Perfluorostyrene Copolymers

Nathan developed a more sustainable way to create strong and durable plastic polymers that are also recyclable. He believes this approach should also work with biologically based raw materials, which would make the process even more sustainable. What’s next for his research? “I’m looking at a couple ways to continue this project. One thing I’m looking at is making bio-based polymers. Using biologically derived resources to build different polymers might have even better properties. And another interesting study I’m trying to do is investigate the properties of polymers when they’re extremely, extremely, extremely hot, and finding ways to do that.”

Christopher Zorn explains his research at the Public Exhibition of Projects.

Christopher Zorn Irvington High School (Irvington, New York) Project title: The Role of MYC in RET Fusion Tumorigenesis and RET Inhibitor Resistance

Christopher investigated the relationship between RET, a gene involved in cellular signals, and MYC, a set of genes that regulate cell growth and death. His findings suggest paths for further drug research targeting both RET and MYC. What is Christopher most excited about so far from STS Finals Week? “I’m just going to keep learning. I like constantly learning new things. I wouldn’t say STS changed my trajectory, but it definitely reaffirmed it. I think it’s very satisfying to get my hard work acknowledged in this way. I mean, I didn’t think I would get top 300, much less top 40. To be able to come here, talk to all these other kids who I know feel very similar things to me, it really is just a great experience.”

This week, the 40 finalists are in Washington, D.C., competing for over $1.8 million in awards. Stay tuned for the announcement of the winners on March 12, 2024, and click here for the Virtual Public Exhibition of Projects, if you missed it in person.

Keen to follow their journey or aspire to be an STS finalist yourself? Sign up here for program updates and be on the lookout for the 2025 Regeneron Science Talent Search application, set to arrive on June 1, 2024.

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Government of Canada to announce support for researchers and projects at universities across Canada

From: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

Media advisory

The Honourable Pablo Rodriguez, Minister of Transport and Quebec lieutenant, on behalf of the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry, and the Honourable Mark Holland, Minister of Health, will announce support awarded to researchers and projects at institutions across Canada and highlight the Government of Canada’s support for Canada’s research community.

March 12, 2024 – Montréal, Quebec

The Minister will be joined by Professor Alejandro Adem, President of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Chair of the Canada Research Coordinating Committee, and Daniel Jutras, Université de Montréal’s Rector. Researchers from the Université de Montréal will also showcase their funded projects.

Date: Wednesday, March 13, 2024

Time: 9:30 am (ET)

Location: Montréal, Quebec

Note to media

Members of the media are asked to contact ISED Media Relations at  [email protected] to confirm their attendance and receive event location details.

The event will also be live-streamed on Facebook: Canadian Science Facebook page

Audrey Champoux Press Secretary and Senior Communications Advisor Office of the Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry [email protected]

Media Relations Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada [email protected]

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SUU's Cyber Research Labs and Deep Learning Project Breaks Ground

Published: March 05, 2024 | Author: Jaydan Jensen | Read Time: 2 minutes

Students in a computer lab

The recognized SUU Training and Online Development Labs and Deep Learning/VR Project provides the program with integrative labs and certificates that promote collaboration with industry experts to create innovative solutions to real-world complex barriers. The four proposed cyber research labs include Deep Learning, Cisco Network Training, Mac Operating Systems and Virtual Reality (VR). In addition, students will have the opportunity to stack credentials by earning workforce certifications throughout their education.

“Successful execution of the grant involved a multi-faceted approach encompassing curriculum alignment, industry collaboration, and strategic planning to prepare students for the challenges and opportunities in the ever-evolving landscape of the workforce,” said Gary Wallace, associate professor of computer science and cyber security.

There is an ongoing demand in the cybersecurity workforce for candidates with specific certifications in deep technology, especially related to artificial intelligence and VR.

Through VR and other emerging technologies, students are able to utilize educational software to conduct security analyses of privacy and network data transfers. Programs with an emphasis deep technology allow students to have certified specializations and greater employability inter technological sector. The project aims to meet the demand by fostering a new generation of technologically literate professionals.

Gary Wallace, Dr. Glen Sagers, and Dr. Prosenjit Chatterjee have dedicated their time to the project and will continue to advise new additions with the support of several federal entities and experts in related fields.

SUU is one of the only institutions in Utah that teaches the Solaris Operating System in Cybersecurity. Students with a background in the platform possess the skills to be hired immediately upon graduation by partnering with federal organizations. The Deep Tech Initiative project intends to eventually increase accessibility to this curriculum and various other essential programs through the integration of a VR lab.

Through commitment to these innovative goals, SUU remains a reputable channel for students in the field of technology to learn, develop, and grow the skills necessary for the Cyber-workforce.

The Computer Science & Cybersecurity Department strives to administer important expertise in every student’s desired field of interest and career. Learn more about the programs involving computer science and cybersecurity offered at SUU.

Tags: Computer Science College of Engineering and Computational Sciences Cyber Security

Contact Information:

Nikki Koontz 4355865400 [email protected]

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    Not only are the games made to be fun, but they address a prevailing issue among crowdsourcing projects: the dropoff rate. Citizen science games tackle the problem with game mechanics that allow players to uncover valuable data through the simple act of playing, keeping them engaged. The results can be striking: Volunteers with the citizen ...

  20. Funding at NSF

    Office of International Science and Engineering. (OISE) Directorate for Technology, Innovation and Partnerships. (TIP) NSF's mission is to advance the progress of science, a mission accomplished by funding proposals for research and education made by scientists, engineers, and educators from across the country.

  21. Women in STEMM from around the world meet for Homeward Bound project in

    One of 88 women from 19 countries, Ms Salmond's 19-day journey aboard an ice-strengthened expedition ship completed a year-long leadership program with the Homeward Bound project.

  22. Insights from 7 Regeneron STS Finalists at the Public Exhibition of

    Regeneron Science Talent Search finalists take in the view from the roof of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library Courtesy of Society for Science/Chris Ayers Photography. Yesterday afternoon, on March 10, the nation's top 40 young scientists climbed to the fifth floor of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library in Washington D.C. to showcase their independent research projects and ...

  23. Science Projects

    Browse Science Projects. Over 1,200 free science projects for K-12. Browse by subject, grade level, or try our Topic Selection Wizard to find your winning science project. With science projects in 32 different areas of science from astronomy to zoology, we've got something for everyone! Let us help you find a science project that fits your ...

  24. Writing a Science Fair Project Research Plan

    To make a background research plan — a roadmap of the research questions you need to answer — follow these steps: Identify the keywords in the question for your science fair project. Brainstorm additional keywords and concepts. Use a table with the "question words" (why, how, who, what, when, where) to generate research questions from your ...

  25. Biden's lean science budget could mean tough choices for agencies

    DOE's Office of Science—one of the few research agencies whose budget grew this year, albeit by a meager 1.7%—would continue to be favored, receiving a 4.2% increase to $8.6 billion. ... But it could delay new projects that developers hoped to start with the money promised under CHIPS, and a budget summary suggests some of the office's ...

  26. List of Science Fair Project Ideas

    The 'Ultimate' Science Fair Project: Frisbee Aerodynamics. Aerodynamics & Hydrodynamics. The Paper Plate Hovercraft. Aerodynamics & Hydrodynamics. The Swimming Secrets of Duck Feet. Aerodynamics & Hydrodynamics. The True Cost of a Bike Rack: Aerodynamics and Fuel Economy. Aerodynamics & Hydrodynamics.

  27. Government of Canada to announce support for researchers and projects

    March 12, 2024 - Montréal, Quebec. The Honourable Pablo Rodriguez, Minister of Transport and Quebec lieutenant, on behalf of the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry, and the Honourable Mark Holland, Minister of Health, will announce support awarded to researchers and projects at institutions across Canada and highlight the Government of ...

  28. American trust in scientific expertise survived polarization and the

    A new analysis shows that trust in scientific expertise among the American public remained high during the last six decades and that the Trump Administration attacks on scientific expertise did not modify the basic confidence of Americans in science and scientific expertise. ... Project GREEEN-funded research packs a punch against problematic ...

  29. South Korea, a science spending champion, proposes cutbacks

    Yonhap News Agency via Newscom. A version of this story appeared in Science, Vol 381, Issue 6664. South Korea's government surprised many of the nation's scientists last month when it abruptly proposed cutting research spending by 10.9% in 2024 and shifting resources into a number of new initiatives, including efforts to build rockets ...

  30. SUU's Cyber Research Labs and Deep Learning Project Breaks Ground

    SUU's Cyber Research Labs and Deep Learning Project Breaks Ground. Published: March 05, 2024 | Author: Jaydan Jensen | Read Time: 2 minutes Southern Utah University's Department of Computer Science &Cybersecurity is officially the proud recipient of an $800,000 grant awarded on behalf of the Utah Deep Tech Talent Initiative (DTTI).