biology essay questions and answers kcse

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BIOLOGY PAST KCSE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS PER TOPIC (SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS)

Support and movement in plants and animals, past kcse question on the topic.

• The diagram below represents in a mammalian bone

(a) State the function of the part labeled K and L                 ( 2 marks)

(b) State the region of the body in which the bone is found ( 1 mark)

• State two ways in which  skeletal muscle fibres are adapted to the function
• The diagram below shows the arrangement of bones and muscles in a human arm.

(i) Name the parts of the bone labeled K                               ( 1 mark)

(ii) How do the muscles work to extend the arm?                 ( 3 marks)

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• State three structural differences  between  biceps muscles and muscles of the gut

(a)       Name the bone                                                            ( 1 mark)

(b)       Name the type of joint formed by the bone at its anterior end with the adjacent bone                                                              ( 1 mark)

• Give a reason why the  lumbar vertebrae have long  and  abroad transverse processes                                                                        ( 2 marks)
•  (a)      Name the three types  of  skeletons found in multicellular animals

(b)       Describe how the cervical, lumbar and sacral vertebrae are suited to their

functions                                                         ( 17 marks)

• A bone obtained from a  mammal is represented by the diagram  below

(a) Name the bone                                                                        ( 1 mark)

(b) Which bones articulate with the bone shown in the diagram at the notch?

•  (a) Name the cartilage between the bones  of the  vertebral column

(b) State the function of the cartilage in (a) above   ( 1 mark)

• How are xylem vessels adapted for support?                        ( 1 mark)
• The diagram below represents bones at a joint  found in the hind limb of a mammal

(a) Name the bones labeled X, Y, and Z                                ( 3 marks)

X _______________________

Y _______________________

Z _______________________

(b)       (i) Name the substance found in the place labeled W                       ( 1 mark)

(ii) State the function of the substance named in (b) (i) above

(c)       Name the structure that joins the bones together at the joint           ( 1 mark)

(d)       State the differences between ball and socket joint and the one illustrated in the diagram above                                                                  ( 1 mark)

(e)       Name the structure at the elbow that performs the same functions as the patella                                                                                     ( 1 mark)

•  (a) State a characteristic that is common to all cervical vertebrae

(b) Name two tissues in plants that provide mechanical support     ( 2 marks)

•  (a)  Name the three types  of muscles found in mammals and give an example

of where each on of them is found

(b) State the difference between ball and socket and hinge joint     ( 1 mark)

• State three functions of  an insects exoskeleton                                (3 marks)
• State the function of the following fins of a fish
• Dorsal fin ( 1 mark)

(b) Pectoral and pelvic fins                                                          ( 1 mark)

(c) Caudal fin                                                                               ( 1 mark)

• State the diagnostic features of the cardiac muscles                         ( 3 marks)

The following figure is a part of a pelvic girdle known as the innominate bone

(a)       Make a complete drawing of the girdle                                 ( 1 mark)

(b)       Name the bones that articulate with the pelvic girdle. In each case name the part that articulates with                                                        ( 2 marks)

• Distinguish  between tendons and  ligaments                                               ( 2 marks)
• Explain what  antagonistic  muscles are  and give an example        ( 4 marks)
• (a) Name three types of strengthening tissues found in plants         ( 3 marks)

(b) Explain how the tissue in (a) above are adapted to their functions

• (a)       Name the  three main types of  joint                         ( 3 marks)

(b)       Give an example of where each type of joint name in (a) above is found in the human body                                                          ( 3 marks)

• What makes young herbaceous plant remain upright?         ( 2 marks)]
• Name three types of muscles found in the human body, state where each type is located and how each is adapted to its functions.                 ( 12 marks)

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• February 14, 2020

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BIOLOGY Paper 3 Questions and Answers- KCSE 2022 Past Papers

« Previous Topic BIOLOGY Paper 2 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2022 Past Papers

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 QUESTIONS;

• A prepared slide, labelled E containing the transverse section through a plant organ.

• Calculate the magnification of the image observed under low power objective lens. (2 marks)
• With reference to one observable feature, state the Class of plants from which the organ was obtained. (2 marks)
• Name the plant part from which the section was obtained. (1 mark)
• State two precautions one should take to ensure the safety of the slide during observation under the microscope. (2 marks)
• Half a portion of raw banana
• 3 beakers labelled G, H and J treated as follows:
• Beaker G contains 50 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid
• Beaker H contains 50 ml of distilled water
• Beaker J is empty
• Spatula/pair of forceps
• A white plain paper or white tile
• Slice off about 2 mm from the exposed end of the raw banana and discard the slice.
• Slice another piece, about 1 cm wide from the remaining banana to use in the investigation.

• Remove the peel from portion a, cut the peel into three pieces and immediately drop all the three pieces into beaker G (containing hydrochloric acid). Obtain peels only, without remnants of banana flesh.
• Repeat procedure IV with peels from portion b into beaker H (containing distilled water) and those from portion e into beaker J.
• Record the observations made in each case. (3 marks) G H J
• Account for the observations made in beakers H and J. Beaker H (2 marks) Beaker J(2 marks)
• Record the observations made on the peels from beakers H and J. H (1 mark) J (1 mark)
• Account for the observations on the surfaces of peels from beakers G and J after a further 5 minutes. G(1 mark) J (1 mark)
• Suggest the suitable pH for the enzymes found on the surface of the banana peels. (1 mark)
• Suggest the observations that would have been made.(1 mark)
• Explain the observations made in (d)(i). (1 mark)

• Construct a complete food web that includes the specimens and photographs of organisms in this ecosystem. (8 marks)
• From the food web, identify the longest food chain. (2 marks)
• Identify the organisms with the highest biomass. (1 mark)
• Give a reason for your answer in (b)(i) above. (1 mark)
• Other than feeding, explain how the organism represented in photograph R benefits from specimen K. (1 mark)

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Kcse Exams Revision Material

BIOLOGY PAPER 1-Questions and Answers

instructions

attempt all the questions

1.         Some form one students wanted to collect the following animals for study in the laboratory. State the suitable apparatus they should use.                                                                           

            i)          Housefly                                                                                                                      (1 mk)

             Sweep net;

            ii)         Scorpion                                                                                                                        (1 mk)

                                                                         .          

             pair of forceps;

            iii)        Ants                                                                                                                            (1 mk)

            pooter

2.         State two reasons why a snake is classified as a reptile.                                                       (2 mks)

-skin is dry and covered by a horny/leathery scales

-fertilisation is internal

-are ectothermic/poikilothermic

-use lungs for gaseous exchange       

3.         (a)        Explain the role of oxygen in Active transport                                                         (1mk)

Oxidize food to produce energy required in active transport

rej to produce energy

            (b)        Name two processes that depend on Active transport in animals                              (2mks)

-Reabsorption of sugar and some salts by kidney;

                        -Absorption of digested food from alimentary canal;

                        -Excretion of waste products from body cell;

                       – Transmission of nerve impulse.

4.   Explain how sunken stomata lower the rate of transpiration                                                        (2mks)

Form pits that accumulate moisture; lowering saturation deficit between the atmosphere and sub stomatal airspaces; reducing transpiration.

5.   State how xylem vessel is adapted to its function                                                                          (3mks)

• Lignified walls to prevent them from collapsing /offer support
• Hollow and tubular for continuous flow of water;
• Narrow to enhance capillarity;
• Made of dead cells; /to reduce water demand

6). a) Define the term immunity.                                                                                                           (1mk)

      Ability of the body to identify/ recognize foreign antigens and develop mechanisms of destroying them. / ability to resist infection;

b)   Distinguish between natural immunity and acquired immunity.                                                    (1mk)

      Natural immunity is inborn /inherited /passed from parents to offspring while acquired immunity is obtained in life;

c)   Identify one immunizable disease in Kenya.                                                                                (1mk)

Tuberculosis;

poliomyelitis;

diphtheria;

whooping cough;

 measles;

7.  (a)  State two adaptations of the alveolus to its functions.                                                              (2mks)

-Thin epithelium for reduction of  diffusion distance  of respiratory gases;

-Highly vascularized to transport gases/maintain a steep concentration gradient;

-Moist surface to dissolve respiratory gases so that they diffuse in solution form;

• Sugges t a reason for asthmatic patient producing a wheezing sound during breathing?               (1mk)

This is because muscles around the bronchioles contracts and so reduce their diameter.

      (c) What is the significance of the cartilage found in the human trachea being incomplete (c- shaped rings)                                                                                                                                        (1mk)

To permit   swallowing in the oesophagus  ;

8. Define the following terms;

(i) Inter specific competition.                                                                                                           (1mk)

Competition between individuals of different species (inhabiting the same ecological area)                        

(ii)  Carrying capacity                                                                                                                          (1mk)

Maximum number of organisms an area can comfortably support with depletion of available resources

9.   Suggest two methods that can be used to determine the type of food eaten by animals.            (2mks)

      -Analyzing animal droppings

      – Direct observation of the animal while feeding

     -Dissection and analysis of the gut content

        -Dentition

  10. (a) State one significance of genetics counseling                                                                                   (1mk)

      Provides information and advice to enable the victim to arrive at an informed decision on their genetic make  up./disoders.            

     (b)   Part of a strand of DNA molecules was found to have the following sequence

      A-T-C-G-G-G-A-T-C-T. What is the sequence?

  (i)    Of the complementary strand?                                                                                             (1mk)

                     T-A-G-C-C-C-T-A-G-A

(ii)  On a m- RNA strand copied                                                                                               (1mk)

                 U-A-G-C-C-C-U-G-U

11). The paddles of whales and the fins of fish adapt these organisms to aquatic habitats.

      a)   Name the evolutionary process that may have given rise to these structures.                   (1mk)

      Convergent evolution;

      b)   What is the name given to such structures?                                                                       (1mk)

    Analogous structures;

      c)   Give two examples of vestigial organs in man.                                                                  (2mks)

Coccyx; appendix; reduced ear muscles/nictating membrane/reduced body hair;

12). (i)  lysosomes

        (ii) Centrioles

         (iii) Contractile vacuoles

          (iv) Cell membrane

13. (a) – Glucose is highly soluble in water/ (blood) hence is faster and easily transported to the

  respiratory sites;

– Glucose is very simple in structure than sucrose hence easy to oxidize to yield energy to the body cells;

b) it is oxidized to release energy;

14. State the difference between glycolysis and kreb”s cycle based on the following. 

a) where they occur .                                                                                                                           ( 1 mk)

Krebs cycle occur in the matrix of the mitochondrion while glycolysis occurs in the cell cytoplasm

b) Amount of energy produced.                                                                                                          ( 1 mk)

Glycolysis- less energy/2ATP molecules/210kJ Produced;

Kreb’s cycle- more energy produced/ 38 ATP molecules/2880kJ

c) End product(s)                                                                                                                                (1 mk )

Glycolysis- pyruvate/pyruvic acid

Kreb’s cycle- energy, water and carbon (IV) oxide (all as one correct)

15. (a) X40

      Has a lower magnification giving a wider field of view

        b) Total magnification= Eye piece lens magnification X Objective Lens Magnification

16. The illustration below shows a transverse section through a mammalian kidney.

(a)  Name the structures labelled X and Y .

X …………………………………………………………………………………………………  ( 1mk)   

Cortex                                                                                                                                   

Y ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)    

Medulla                                                                                                                

(b) State the process in Q that leads to the formation of glomerular filtrate.                                 (1mk)

Ultrafiltration ;

c)-Moisten the skin/makes the skin supple;

  -Antiseptic/kills pathogens/bacteria

17. State three differences in composition between umbilical artery and umbilical vein. (3 marks)

18. (a) What is meant by the term taxonomy?                                                                                      (1mk)

It is the science/study of classification/grouping of organisms (into respective ranks/units using their characteristics)

(b) When are two organisms considered to belong to the same species.                                            (2mks)

When they can freely/naturally interbreed; to give rise to viable/fertile offspring;  

19).The diagram below shows part of alimentary canal of a mammal

(i) Name the parts labeled A and C                                                                                      (2mks)

A – Duodenum

C – Oesophagus /gullet            (reject food pipe)

(ii) State the function of the part labeled B.                                                                         (1mk)

Temporally storage of feaces / undigested /indigestible materials

/Absorption of water;

20). The graph below shows the relationship between body temperatures and external temperatures in a human being and a snake. Study it and answer questions that follow.

 a ) What happens to the temperature of each organism as the external temperature increases.       (2 mks)

     Human –

remains constant;

     Snake –

increases;                                                                                                                                                       

b) Humans are described as homoithermic. State the advantage of this condition.                           (2mks)

– enables them to be active throughout;

– enables them exploit different habitats;

       ( any one 1mk)

21State three differences between light stage and dark stage of photosynthesis.                             (3 mks)

22  . The diagram below represents a plant cell that was subjected to a certain treatment.

a)  Account for the shape of the cell at the end of the experiment.                                                   (2 mks)

Plant cell was placed in hypertonic solution to its cell sap, it lost water by osmosis: it became plasmolysed

b) Draw a diagram to illustrate how an animal cell would appear if subjected to the same treatment.                                  (1 mk)

At Start                                                At end

24. a) Give a reason why each of the following steps are followed when preparing cross sections of a leaf for examination under a microscope.

i)   Cutting thin sections.                                                                                                                   (1 mk)

 To reduce the layers of cells/sections preventing overlapping hence better penetration of light ( for illumination)

ii)  Placing the sections in water.                                                                                                      (1 mk)

To avoid drying up which may distort the cells;

To maintain turgidity of the cells

25. Explain why the population of people with sickle cell anaemia is higher in malaria prone areas.              ( 3 mks)

Their red blood cells carry defective haemoglobin (type S) which carries little or no oxygen;

Plasmodium do not survive in their red blood cells hence survive malaria attack; they reproduce successfully giving rise to more population;

26. The diagram below is of a stage in cell division

With a reason identify the stage.                                                                                                

            Stage                                                                                                                             (1 mk)

            Reason                                                                                                                          (1 mk)

-Chromatids cross over each other at chiasmata

-Formation of a bivalent

• The graph below represents growth pattern in a group organism

• Name the type of growth curve                                                                                          (1 mk)

Intermittent

• Name the phylum that shows this type of pattern                                                            (1 mk)
• State one disadvantages of this type of pattern                                                                (1 mk)

-Hardened exoskeleton limits the growth/size of the organism

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