short paragraph on 7th march speech

Paragraph on Historic Speech of 7th March by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Dear students, today I am going to share a paragraph on 7th March historic Speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1971. Advertisement Paragraph on The Historic Speech of 7th March (200 Words) 7th March…

Dear students, today I am going to share a paragraph on 7th March historic Speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1971.

Paragraph on The Historic Speech of 7th March (200 Words)

• 7th March Speech of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

The 7th March Speech is regarded as the historical speech in Bangladesh. This historical speech was delivered by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 7th March 1971 at Ramna Race Course Maydan in Dhaka. About 2 million people were present there.

Bangabandhu delivered the speech during the period of rising tensions between East Pakistan and the political and military establishment of West Pakistan.

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In his speech, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman proclaimed: “This time the struggle is for our freedom, This time the struggle is for our independence.” The speech inspired the Bangalees to prepare for a war of independence. He called upon all Bangalees of then East Pakistan to launch a significant struggle against the Pakistani occupation forces. He also indicated taking all-out preparations for the War of Liberation.

However, the speech has effectively declared the independence of Bangladesh. The speech of 7th March inspired the whole nation to take part in the liberation war and free our country from the enemy. This speech touched the soul of every Bangladeshi and even after 1971 it has encouraged and guided us to build up our nation.

Really, it was an eye-opening declaration for us. It’s a matter of great pride for us that UNESCO has recognized the speech and so the whole world will know about the historic speech now.

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The historical 7 th March speech by

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( From the Department of Films and Publications- Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh )

( The crowd cheer at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s arrival at the Racecourse )

Brothers of mine ;

Today I appear before you with a heavy heart. You know and understand everything. We tried with our lives. But the painful matter is that now the streets of Dhaka, Chittagong,

Khulna, Rajhshahi and Rangpur are stained with the bloods of my brothers.

Now the people of Bangla want freedom. The people of Bangla want to live. The people of Bangla want to have their rights.

What wrong did we commit?

The people of Bangladesh cast their vote overwhelmingly for me, for Awami League.

Our National Assembly will sit. We will draw up the Constitution there. And we will build this country. The people of this country will have economic, political and cultural freedom.

But it’s a matter of great sorrow that today I have to tell painfully the pitiful history of the last twenty three years. The bloody history of Bangalis tortured in Bangla itself.

The history of the last twenty- three years is the history of the wailing of dying men and women.

The history of Bangla is the history of the staining of streets with the blood of the

People of this country.

We gave blood in 1952. After winning the election in 1954, we couldn’t even form the government.  Proclaiming martial law in 1958, Ayub Khan made us slaves for ten years.

During the ‘Six Point Movement’, my children were gunned down on 7 th June 1966.

After, the fall of Ayub Khan brought about the ‘Mass Movement’ of 1969 where Yahya Khan usurped power.

He said he would give constitution and democracy to the nation. We Agreed.

Thereafter the rest is history. There was an election. You know the fault was not ours.

Today I met President Yahya Khan and discussed everything with him. Being the leader of not only of Bangla but of the majority party of Pakistan, I requested him to convene the National Assembly of 15 th February.

He didn’t agree with me, rather he yielded to Mr Bhutto’s demand to hold the assembly in the first week of March.

We said that was alright. We would sit in the Assembly. I went even to the extent of saying that if anybody, even a lone person proposed something reasonable, we, although the majority will accept the proposal.

Mr Bhutto came here. He conferred with us and said that the door for discussion was not closed. There would be more discussions.

Then we talked with other leaders and said ‘please come and sit together; let’s prepare the Constitution through discussion’.

Mr Bhutto said that if the members of West Pakistan came here, the Assembly would turn into a slaughter house. He said whoever would come would be killed.

If they came to the Assembly, then from Peshawar to Karachi, all shops will be closed down by force.

I said that Assembly would continue, then all of a sudden, the Assembly was closed on 1 st March.

As President, Mr Yahya Khan had summoned the Assembly. I said that I would attend.

Mr Bhutto said that he won’t. Thirty- five members from West Pakistan came here. Then all of a sudden, the Assembly was closed. The people of Bangla were blamed; I was blamed too.

Because of the closure, the people of this country burst into protest. I told them to observe ‘hartal’ (strike) in a peaceful manner I told them to close down all mills and factories.

The people responded. The people spontaneously came out on the streets. They firmly pledged to continue their resistance in a peaceful manner.

What did we get?

The weapons we bought at the expense of our money to protect the country from the invasion of foreign enemies, are now being used against the poor and unarmed people of our country; they are being shot down.

We are the majority of the people of Pakistan. Whenever we Bangalis tried to gain power; tried to rule this country as our own, they assaulted.

They are our brother; I asked them ‘Why must you shoot your brother? You were deployed to protect this country from the attack of foreign enemies’.

Mr Yahya said that I had agreed that there would be a Round Table Conference (RTC) on 10 th March. I said no such thing to him. I had a talk with him over the telephone.

I told him ‘General Yahya Khan, you are President of Pakistan. Come to Dhaka and see the how my poor people, my people of Bangla are being shot down. How the bosom of our mothers are being emptied of their sons. How my people are being killed. You come, see and do justice and then finalise. That’s exactly what I told him.

I told him long ago, RTC for what? Who do we sit with? With them… who spilled the blood of my people?

Without any consultation, with me or any discussion with us, suddenly after 5 hours of secret meeting, Yahya Khan delivered his speech, in which he dumped all the blame squarely on me, squarely on the people of Bangla. ( The crowds says shame, shame )

I have said in the meeting, the struggle this time is our struggle for emancipation, the struggle this time is the struggle for our independence.

Brothers of mine.

The Assembly has summoned on the 25 th March. The marks of bloods have not yet dried.

I had clearly said on 10 th March that Mujib Rahman can’t joint RTC, treading the bloods of martyrs.

They have called the Assembly. They have got to accept my demands:

• First, martial law must be withdrawn;
• All army personnel must go back to the barracks;
• There has to be an inquiry into the way the killings were carried out;
• And the power has to be handed over to the people’s representatives.

Only then, we will consider whether we can sit in the Assembly or not. Before that we can’t sit in the Assembly. The people have not given me that right.

Brothers of mine

Do you have faith in me? ( The crowds says yes yes )

I don’t want Prime Ministership. We want to establish the right of the people of this country.

I want to say in clear terms that from now on all courts, magistrates, offices and educational institutions in Bangladesh will remain closed sine die.

To ensure that no suffering is inflicted on the poor people, to ensure that my people do not suffer, from tomorrow the following things will be put out of range of the ‘hartal’. Rickshaws and hackney carriages will work; railway trains and launches will run.

But the Secretariat, Supreme Court, High Court, Judge’s Court and semi-government offices like WAPDA (Pakistan Water Development Authority) will not function. All employees will draw their salaries on the 28 th of the month.

If salaries are not paid; if one more shot is fired and if my people are killed again then my request to you is; build a fortress in each and every home.

Face the enemy with whatever you have.

Incase I can’t give you any further order, I tell you; close all roads and highway indefinitely.

We will starve them to death. We will make them go without water and choke them to death.

You are our brothers. You stay in your barracks; no one will say anything to you. But don’t ever try to shoot us. This will do you no good.

You can’t keep seven crores of people subjugated. Since we have learnt to die, no one can dominate us.

We, from Awami League, will try our best to help those who are embracing martyrdom and those who have received injuries.

Those who are capable, please extend your monetary support, whatever you can to our relief fund. And every owner of industries will pay salaries to all workers who participated in the 7-day ‘hartal’.

My instruction to government officials is that you must obey what I say. From now on, tax will not be paid till such time as the freedom of our country is achieved; no one will pay anything.

Listen and bear in mind, the enemy has penetrated us in order to create divisions amongst us and to start looting.

Hindus, Muslims, Bengalis and non-Bengalis, all those who live in this Bangla are our brothers. The responsibility of protecting them is on you. Ensure that our reputation is not smeared in any way.

The employees of the Radio and Television; please bear in mind that if our words are not broadcasted by the radio, then no Bangali shall go to the radio station.

If our news is not broadcasted by Television, then no Bangali will go to the Television station. The ban shall remain open for two hours every day so that the people can get their salaries.

But from East Bangla, a single paisa will not be allowed to be remitted to West Pakistan.

Telephone and Telegraph service will remain operative in our East Bangla. They shall keep on sending our news to foreign news media. But if there is any sinister move to annihilate the people of this country, the Bangalis, you will have to keep very careful watch.

I am requesting you, you are my brothers.

Do not make this country a hell and destroy it.

We will not see each other’s face in the future.

If we can solve things in a peaceful manner, we can at least live as brothers.

That is why I am requesting you; do not try and run military rule in my country.

Secondly, in every village, every locality, every union and every sub-division establish ‘Resistant Council’ under the leadership of the Awami League.

And be ready with whatever you have.

Bear in mind that since we have given blood, we will give more. By the grace of Allah, we will surely liberate the people of this country.

The struggle this time is the struggle for our emancipation.

The struggle this time is the struggle for our independence.

‘Joy Bangla’

7 th March 1971

Ramna Racecourse, Dhaka, Bangladesh  

© 2018 7th March Foundation. Company number 10677502.

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The Historic 7th March Speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

"The Historic 7th March Speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman" was delivered by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 7th March, 1971 who led the people of Bangladesh to independence in 1971. At that time when the Pakistani military rulers refused to transfer power to the Bengali nationalist leader Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose party Awami League gained majority in the National Assembly of Pakistan in the general election held in 1970. The speech effectively declared the independence of Bangladesh. The speech constitutes a faithful documentation of how the failure of post-colonial nation-states to develop inclusive, democratic society alienates their population belonging to different ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious groups.   The speech was extempore and there was no written script. However, the speech survived in the audio as well as AV versions.

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How Bangabandhu’s 7th March speech ignited a nation

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Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on March 7, 1971, delivered a speech that inspired 7 crore Bangladeshis to take up arms against a brutal and powerful Pakistani regime and break the shackles of captivity. The epoch-making speech — delivered at the then-Racecourse Maidan, now Suhrawardy Udyan, in Dhaka — was the thrust behind Bangladesh’s War of Liberation in 1971.

In front of a mammoth gathering of over 10 lakh people, in his 19-minute impromptu speech, Bangabandhu declared, "The struggle this time is a struggle for our liberty. The struggle this time is a struggle for our independence".

Those two masterstroke statements were his concluding lines that ignited public emotions and united a nation. Those two statements soon became the defining call of independence of Bangladesh. It ended all the prior struggle to gain regional autonomy. It turned a movement into a fight for ultimate emancipation. That speech ignited a population battered by decades of oppression.

Bangabandhu didn’t rehearse the speech. There was no written script for it. West Pakistan disallowed the broadcast of the speech fearing its impact on the populace. But it survived in audio and video versions, with people making special efforts to record, make copies and circulate them.

Bangabandhu’s speech began with a clear reflection of the mind of suppressed people. He spoke for their cultural, social and economic emancipation. There were strong indications that the time for discussion is narrowing and the electorate demands must be met.

He asked the people to be ready to “bring everything to a total standstill”, and called upon them to “turn every home into a fortress” if a single bullet is fired. “Whether Bangali or non-Bangali, Hindu or Muslim, all are our brothers, and it is our responsibility to ensure their safety,” he said. He asked people to stop working on radio, television and the press if they did not report news of the liberation movement.

He also declared total non-cooperation and civil disobedience movement and declared a four-point demand to consider the national assembly meeting on March 25, 1971.

He demanded the immediate withdrawal of martial law, immediate withdrawal of all military personnel to their barracks, an inquiry into the loss of life, and immediate transfer of power to the elected representative of the people before the assembly meeting on March 25.

Just after 18 days of the speech, the Liberation War began as the West Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight on March 25. The operation was against civilians, intelligentsia, students, politicians, and armed personnel of East Pakistan. The killings continued till December 16, 1971.

On October 7 of 2020, the Cabinet declared March 7 as ‘Historic Day’ instead of the ‘National Historic Day’ so the day is observed nationally and internationally.

In 2017, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) recognised the historic March 7 Speech of the Father of the Nation as a world documentary heritage.

The historic March 7, the day of the nation’s long freedom struggle, will be observed on Monday in a befitting manner.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on Monday will join a programme on “Historic March 7, 2022” at Bangabandhu International Conference Center virtually.

Awami League and different socio-political and cultural organisations have chalked out elaborate programmes on the occasion.

Bangladesh Betar and Bangladesh Television as well as private television channels and radio stations will air special programmes while national dailies will publish supplements marking the day.

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7th March Speech/ An Epoch-Making Speech

The 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu was a speech given by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh on 7 March 1971 at the Ramna Race Course in Dhaka to a gathering of over two million people. This is one the most influential speeches in world history. It was delivered during a period of escalating tensions between East Pakistan and the powerful political and military establishment of West Pakistan. In the speech, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman proclaimed: “This time the struggle is for our freedom. This time the struggle is for our independence.” He announced a civil disobedience movement in the province, calling for “every house to turn into a fortress”. He gave directions to people of all classes what they ought to do in that tensed moment. The speech inspired the Bengali people to prepare for a war of independence amid widespread reports of armed mobilisation by West Pakistan. The Bangladesh Liberation War began 18 days later, when the Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight against Bengali civilians, intelligentsia, students, politicians, and armed personnel. On 30 October 2017, UNESCO added the speech in the Memory of the World Register as a documentary heritage.

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The Historic Speech of 7th March | Paragraph

The historic speech of 7th March delivered by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , the Father of the Nation, bears great importance in our national life. Following this decisive speech, people of all walks of life got prepared to take part in the Liberation War and finally achieved independence . Bangabandhu delivered this speech on 7 March 1971 in the then Race Course ground (present Suhrawardy Uddyan). 

The speech was addressed (সম্বোধন) to a huge (অসংখ্য) audience (শ্রোতা) of millions of Bangalee people. The speech was greatly related to our national history. Bangabandhu in this speech put up all the oppression (নিপীড়ন), and cruelty (নিষ্ঠুরতা) of Pakistani rulers (শাসক) to the huge audience, which inflamed (উদ্দীপ্ত) their sense of reason. He asked the common people to stop all the official activities. He requested the people to convert every house into a fort and confront (মুখোমুখি) the enemy with whatever they had. In short, he decisively (স্পষ্টভাবে) permitted the people to take up weapons (অস্ত্র) against the enemy (শত্রু). In this speech, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman put up the picture of cruel activities carried out on the Bangalees by the Pakistani rulers. He highlighted all the exploitations (শোষণ) of the Pakistani rules. At this people got extremely (অত্যন্ত) enraged (রাগান্বিত) and pledged (অঙ্গীকার) to liberate the country even at the cost of their life. Bangabandhu said he did not want the office of Prime Minister, he wanted the Bengali people to have their legal rights (অধিকার). Before the liberation war, this was the last speech of Bangabandhu, and people being immensely influenced (প্রভাবিত) by it, attacked the Pakistani occupation forces heart and soul. Eventually, people won the victory over the cowards and achieved independence. Thus, the importance of the 7th March Speech is immeasurable. The speech is highly valued across the world. Recently UNESCO   recognized this historic speech on 7th March of Bangabandhu as part of the world’s documentary heritage. Thus, the speech has added to our national glory

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The Historic Speech of 7th March

The historic speech of 7th March is one of the most iconic and pivotal moments in the history of Bangladesh. Delivered by the founding father of the nation, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, this speech was a defining moment in the struggle for independence from Pakistan.

On the evening of 7th March 1971, a massive gathering of hundreds of thousands of people assembled at the Ramna Race Course Ground in Dhaka to hear Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's address. In this electrifying speech, he called for civil disobedience and non-cooperation with the oppressive Pakistani regime. He declared, "The struggle this time is for our freedom. The struggle this time is for our independence."

The 7th March speech served as a clarion call for the people of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to unite and fight for their rights and freedom. It galvanized the masses and set the stage for the eventual declaration of independence on March 26, 1971. The speech marked the beginning of the independence movement and inspired countless individuals to join the fight for sovereignty.

This historic speech is a symbol of courage, determination, and the unwavering spirit of the Bengali people. It remains etched in the collective memory of the nation as a testament to the struggle for independence and the eventual victory achieved on December 16, 1971, when Bangladesh emerged as an independent and sovereign nation. The 7th March speech is a reminder of the sacrifices made and the resilience shown by the people of Bangladesh in their quest for freedom and self-determination.

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7th march speech paragraph (300 word)

The historic March 7 address was delivered by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in front of thousands of spectators on March 7, 1971, at the Ramna Race Course Maidan in Dhaka (now Sehrawardy Udyan). “My brothers, now I appear before you with a sorrowful heart,” he said in his speech. This battle is an effort on our part to achieve liberation and freedom. Jeet Bala. In his address, Bangabandhu sowed the seeds of Bengalis’ liberation, provided inspiration for self-sacrifice in the sake of liberty, and chanted the mantra of Bengalis’ upliftment from oppression and confusion. The speech given by Bangabandhu on March 7 was necessary to put an end to West Pakistani exploitation, control, and torture. Pakistan’s National Assembly elections in 1970 saw the Awami League win an absolute majority, however the ruling party in Pakistan was unable to accept the Awami League’s triumph with ease. In this case, the National Assembly’s session was called by the then-President of Pakistan, General Yahya Khan, on March 3, but was unexpectedly postponed until March 1.

7th march speech paragraph

As soon as they heard this news, East Pakistan’s populace erupted in outrage. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman thereupon organized a public gathering on March 7 at the Race Course Maidan in Dhaka. The meeting spot quickly grew into a massive sea of people before the scheduled time. In his 18-minute speech, he made a strong case for ending the current martial law and giving control to elected officials. His address served as an exhaustive primer on the nation’s liberation war. Sheikh Mujib’s speech was significant from a political, national, social, and literary standpoint. The speech has been translated into 12 different languages thus far. The speech is currently being translated into 43 more languages. For this speech, Newsweek magazine named Sheikh Mujib the “poet of politics.” The speech is mentioned under Article 150 (2) of Bangladesh’s Constitution’s Fifth Schedule. This lecture was recognized by UNESCO as a “World Documentary Heritage” on October 30, 2017. This accomplishment gives us Bengalis great pride as Bengalis.

7th march speech paragraph (400 word)

The only day in Bengal’s history that is marked by a single speech is March 7. That speech is viewed as the starting point for a new period in Bengal’s history. Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman made a famous address on March 7, 1971, in what is now Sehrawardy Park in Dhaka. The speech was just added by UNESCO to the “Memory of the World International Registry” on October 30, 2017. This helped Bangabandhu’s address on the 7th of March gain prominence around the world. We need to rewind a bit before we can assess the actuality of this speech. The rulers of West Pakistan have been oppressing and exploitation East Pakistan, or Bengal, ever since the creation of the state known as Pakistan. And in opposition to these divisions, the people of Bengal came together under the leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to oppose their oppression. Pakistan’s military dictator Ayub Khan was overthrown in the setting of the 1969 popular uprising. Yahya Khan, the newly elected president, was compelled to schedule a national election after taking office. In the 1970 election. Awami League, led by Bangabandhu, secured a single majority.

Yet, the ruling party in Pakistan engaged in conspiracies without ceding control to the Bengalis. Yahya Khan made the announcement that the Pakistan National Assembly session, scheduled to take place in Dhaka on March 3, 1971, would be postponed even without a cause. A storm of protests and rallies broke out over East Pakistan as soon as people heard this suspicious announcement. Given this, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the indisputable leader of Bengal, spoke on March 7. historical discourse During his 18-minute speech, he urged the fight to go on. up until Bengalis’ liberty. His resonant voice echoes that this conflict is for our emancipation and is a fight for freedom. In terms of emotion, acuity, and focus, Bangabandhu’s speech was great. As a result, this address is contrasted with previous American President Abraham Lincoln’s famous “Gettysburg Address” (1863) speech. In truth, the nation of Bengal was inspired to dream of an independent state free from exploitation by this speech on March 7. And they entered the conflict with the Pakistani rulers by answering Bangabandhu’s call. As a result, a brand-new nation called Bangladesh was born, fulfilling a thousand-year-old dream of the Bengali people. The significance of Bangabandhu’s speech on the 7th of March in the Bangladesh’s autonomous progress has therefore been enormous. 7th march speech paragraph

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The Historic Speech of 7th March Paragraph for JSC/SSC/HSC

Question about the significance of the paragraph in the march 7 speech -.

(a) What was the context of the 7th March speech?

(b) Who was the speaker?

(c) What instructions did the speech have for Bengalis?

(d) What was obligatory for Bengalis mentioned by the speaker?

(e) What impact did the speech have on our national life?

The Historic Speech of 7th March Paragraph

March 7, 1971 is a memorable day in the history of Bengali nation. On this day in 1971, Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman gave a historic speech to guide the entire nation in the days of turmoil and unrest. Ever since the creation of Pakistan in 1947, West Pakistanis have been exploiting Bengalis. Bengalis were deprived in economic, political and cultural life. After 24 years of treachery and discrimination, the nationalist party Awami League has won the parliamentary elections. But the rulers created obstacles in the formation of their government. The entire Bengali nation was enraged by this. Bangabandhu delivered this landmark speech at the Race Course Maidan on March 7 amid outrage and protests. He said that this is the time of freedom and liberation struggle and the nation has to fight for that goal. He urged the nation not to cooperate with Pakistanis, not to pay their taxes and not to go to office. Bangabandhu's speech served as a great inspiration to the nation. It inspired people to sacrifice their lives for the freedom of our motherland. This is how Bangabandhu's March 7 speech has been immortalized in national history.

Paragraph on The Historic Speech of 7th March for HSC (200 Words)

The 7th March speech is considered to be the most historic speech of Bangladesh which was delivered by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 7th March 1971 at Ramna Race Course Maidan in Dhaka. About 2 million people were present there. It was delivered during a period of growing tension between the powerful political and military establishment of East Pakistan and West Pakistan. Rahman announced in his speech, "This time's struggle is our liberation struggle, this time's struggle is our liberation struggle". The speech inspired Bengalis to prepare for a war of independence amid widespread reports of West Pakistan's armed mobilization, and he urged all Bengalis in the then East Pakistan to signal all-out readiness to launch a significant struggle against the Pakistani occupation forces. The speech effectively declared the independence of Bangladesh. The discourse constitutes a faithful document of how the failure of post-colonial nation-states to develop inclusive, democratic societies has resulted in their populations belonging to different ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious groups. The 7th March speech inspired the entire nation to participate in the liberation war and liberate the enemy. Similarly this speech touched the soul of every Bangladeshi and even after 1971 this speech encouraged and guided our nation building. It is a matter of great pride for us that UNESCO has recognized this speech and the whole world will now know about the historic speech.

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The Historic Seventh March Speech of Bangabandhu: Its Influence on International Legal Discourse and Reform

Bangabandhu delivered an immortal speech on 7 March 1971 amid a deepening political crisis in then East Pakistan. The crisis engineered by the Pakistan ruling military oligarchy, which sought to deny by bullets what the Bangalees achieved through ballots, the first ever general election held in Pakistan in 1970. President General Yahya summoned the National Assembly but subsequently postponed it indefinitely in early March which triggered unprecedented civil disobedience and non-cooperation movement under the charismatic leadership of Bangabandhu . It was in this context that Bangabandhu made this greatest speech at the Ramna Racecourse. For this 19-minute extempore speech with no repetition and hesitation, Bangabandhu was hailed as the "Poet of Politics" by Newsweek (5 April 1971). UNESCO also recognised and recorded the speech as a World Documentary Heritage in 2017.

From the viewpoint of the birth of Bangladesh, it was the most influential and heart-touching speech that surfaced latent Bangalee nationalism to inspire and motivate people to be more freedom-lover. Its immediate purpose was to encourage people to participate actively in then ongoing non-cooperation movement, which was spontaneous enough to paralyse Yahya's writ in East Pakistan. Its goal was to prepare people for their self-rule and sacrifice needed to achieve freedom. Bangabandhu did not proclaim independence but conveyed tacit assertions for political emancipation through a movement for independence should then ongoing reconciliatory talks fail. He fell short of making a formal declaration of independence, which would have enabled Yahya to accuse him of secession, a sedition charge under constitutional law. Restraining himself on 7 March sent the ball to Yahya's court who failed to play, fled Dhaka, introduced martial law, arrested Bangabandhu , and unleashed a military reign of terror on the night of 25 March 1971. It was this speech that formed the bedrock of the unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) of Bangladesh on 10 April 1971 and a powerful force behind the formation of freedom fighters who fought Pakistani occupation troops and physically liberated Bangladesh on 16 December 1971 together with the Indian army.    

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Textually, the speech was a multi-dimensional work plan that set the agenda in the March crisis and beyond. He gave (a) orders, such as close all institutions and government departments, pay no taxes, government employees must follow his orders, employees to collect salaries; (b) directives, such as turn houses into fortress, confront the enemy with whatever people have, set up committees under Awami League, close all roads 'even if I cannot give orders'; and (c) warnings to Pakistan and its troops not to shoot people who learnt to give blood, none could stop them, and we would be free insaallah . He also invited Yahya to come and see how his troops killed people and expressed compassion to support labourers participating the unrest.

Although the March 7 speech was intended to strengthen the popular movement for freedom of the Bangalees from the oppressive rule of Pakistan, its action plan had far-reaching impacts on specific aspects of international law as existed and interpreted in 1971. These international legal dimensions are highlighted and commented upon below. 

Definition of colonialism

Colonialism was a recognised institution of international law after the two world wars. Certain so-called primitive people and their territories were declared 'trust' and 'non self-governing' and placed them under the rule of some powerful states, mostly European, to prepare these people for self-rule. However, the colonisers betrayed the 'civilising trust' by political subjugation, economic exploitation, social discrimination, cultural imperialism, and gross human rights violations of the colonised for the benefit of metropolitans. These atrocious features became the definitional hallmark of colonialism in which these treatments were perpetrated by overseas colonial powers on alien colonised people whose territories remained non self-governing. In 1960, the UN and international law outlawed colonialism and entitled these dependent people to self-determination and self-rule up to independence. Many colonial people and territories acquired their statehood by virtue of the 1960 decolonisation declaration.

Bangabandhu in his March 7 speech departed from this traditional identification of colonialism. He briefly outlined the colonial features and practices of Pakistan in East Pakistan for the past 23 years. He narrated the events of political domination, economic exploitation, military oppressions, and discriminations in all spheres of governance during the pre- and post-1970 election period, particularly the violent denial of the 1970 election outcome and ongoing gross atrocities and killings in East Pakistan. Through these narratives, he purported to convey to the people and world that the Bangalees and their territory were the victims of Pakistan's internal colonialism, which commenced immediately after the independence of Pakistan from the British colonial rule in 1947 and continued in 1971. He essentially asserted that colonial conditions must be determined by the nature and features of treatment of the people, not by their technically independent status. His message was that colonialism could exist in even a politically independent state. Through his March 7 speech, Bangabandhu deconstructed the traditionally defined western colonialism that only identified the colonial rule of European metropolitan powers over the dependent people of non self-governing territories and extended its relevance to independent states should colonial conditions exist.

Bangabandhu through his political activism particularly since 1963 when he became the President of Awami League, notably the famous six-point program of 1966, displayed beyond doubt that the Bangalees of East Pakistan endured prolonged Pakistani internal colonialism, which he reiterated in his March 7 speech. This extrapolated interpretation of colonialism was echoed in the Western Sahara case of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 1975. Judge Dillard argued that if only the subjugated people of an overseas colony, not the subjugated people in an independent state, is entitled to self-determination, then self-determination becomes the right of the territory, not of the people, which is legally absurd. The Judge maintained that 'it is for the people to determine the destiny of territory and not the territory the destiny of the people' (1975 ICJ Reports 122). This formal judicial endorsement of the existence of colonialism in independent states (status of the Western Sahara nomads in Morocco and Mauritania) set this idea firmly in international legal discourse and there have been many secessionist bids in independent states after the March 7 speech of Bangabandhu .

Decolonisation rule

The traditional definition of colonialism had given rise to a rule of international law called 'the one-time only rule' under which a colonial people and territory can exercise their right to self-determination to become independent only once. Their right to decolonisation extinguished once they exercised it and there would be no reassertion of this right because they were no longer under colonialism. The UN, being an organization of states, followed this rule and consistently opposed all break-away attempts from its member states, whose territorial integrity was paramount for the UN. Bangabandhu 's deconstructed idea of internal colonialism in Pakistan challenged the wisdom inherent in the 'one-time only rule'. To Bangabandhu , the right of the Bangalees to self-determination, although exercised once in 1947 against the British colonial rule and became independent, resuscitated after nearly a quarter century of Pakistani neo-colonialism in East Pakistan.

Bangabandhu 's March 7 speech laid the foundation to disprove the validity of the 'one-time only rule', implying that there should be room for the creation of new states from existing states. He gave clear indication in his speech that since Pakistan's territorial integrity became oppressive of its own people, its disintegration was in order and imperative for the oppressed. This led him to utter that the movement in March 1971 was for freedom and independence. Until 1971, the UN held the policy that it 'has never accepted and does not accept and will not accept the principle of secession of a part of its Member States' (1970 7:2 UN Monthly Chronicle 36, 39). But after the birth of Bangladesh by disintegrating Pakistan's territorial integrity, the UN significantly shifted its position when its Secretary-General reported to the General Assembly in late December 1971 that the UN had difficulties to support the territorial integrity of Members which use their territory to the grave detriment and human rights abuses of its citizens (UN Doc. A/8401/Add. 1, 1971). International law now recognises that there is a room for the creation of new state by breaking-away from existing states. 

UDI in independent state

Bangabandhu's call for freedom movement for independence in his March 7 speech culminated into his informal declaration of independence on the night of 25 March 1971 immediately before his arrest and the formal UDI of Bangladesh proclaimed on 10 April 1971. The outcome was the birth of Bangladesh, the first ever successful exercise of secession from an existing independent state in the post-colonial era. Major secessionist attempts prior to Bangladesh were Katanga from the Congo Republic in l960 and Biafra from Nigeria in 1966. The Katanga separation was engineered by the Belgian business interest and fought by Belgian troops, while the Biafran army fought and lost the war against Nigeria. These claims became a 'determination' not by the 'self' concerned because these secessions were not actively asserted and participated by the people concerned. The territorial integrity of parent states prevailed over the self-determination of people for want of active popular participation in the process.

By contrast, Bangabandhu pursued a pro-people political strategy. He convinced the people that the territorial integrity of Pakistan not only failed to protect the human rights of its own nationals but became oppressive in East Pakistan. His March 7 speech particularly highlighted the events that occurred after the 1970 election, which developed mass antipathy and negative loyalty to Pakistan. Bangabandhu with overwhelming support from the people passionately and collectively asserted the Bangalees ' independent political destiny. It was through this popular political activism symbolised by March 7 speech, Bangabandhu prepared the Bangalees to be ready to fight for their right, which inspired the people to join the liberation war spontaneously to become freedom fighters, a formidable insurgent force to fight the Pakistani occupation troops. The speech directives succeeded to galvanise the Bangalee national identity and prepared the ground and justification for independent Bangladesh. The post-Bangladesh world witnessed many bids for independence from parent states, exemplified by the creation of the Baltic and Balkan states. The right to emancipation and independence from Pakistan that Bangabandhu asserted in his March 7 speech has been endorsed as valid in international law by the ICJ in the Kosovo case in 2010.  Secessionist movement by Catalonia from Spain has been ongoing.

The March 7 speech was a product of its time and Bangabandhu delivered it in response to a political crisis. But the speech went well beyond its national orientation and impacted on certain aspects of international law as prevailed and applied in 1971. It became a ground-breaking pathfinding first step to usher international legal discourse on the issues of colonialism, decolonization rule, and the creation of new states from existing states. The directives that Bangabandhu announced provoked new discourses on these issues opening new frontiers of international law. These discourses and their reformist pursuit were coined and propagated first by Bangabandhu through his March 7 speech at a time when international legal evolution was hamstrung by the cold war rivalries and Pakistan was a close ally of the US and China, and Pakistan's territorial integrity was staunchly supported by all Muslim states of the world. For these reasons, the historic March 7 speech of Bangabandhu has assumed and will continue to assume paramount national and international significance.          

The writer is Professor Emeritus at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

এসির উৎপাদন সক্ষমতা বাড়াচ্ছে দেশীয় প্রতিষ্ঠান

নির্মাতা ও খুচরা বিক্রেতাদের ধারণা, ২০২৩ সালে পাঁচ লাখ ৩০ হাজার এসি বিক্রি হয়েছিল।

যারা ব্যাংক লুটপাট করেছে, একীভূত তাদের জন্যে আরেকটা সুযোগ: আমীর খসরু

The phenomenal story of how Bangabandhu’s 7 March speech was recorded  

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The Pakistan government did not give permission to live broadcast the speech through radio and television on 7 March 1971. 

AHM Salahuddin, who was the chairman of Pakistan International Film Corporation (PIFC) at that time, and MA Khayer, a member of the National Assembly (MNA) from East Pakistan and also the managing director of PIFC, made arrangements to record the video and audio of the historic speech. 

The video was recorded by actor Abul Khair who was then the Director of Films under the Ministry of Information of Pakistan. The audio of the speech was recorded by HN Khondokar, a technician at the Ministry of Information associated with M Abul Khayer, MNA.

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The audio record was developed and archived by Dhaka Record, a record label owned by M Abul Khayer, MNA. Later on, a copy of the audio and video recording was handed over to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and a copy of the audio was sent to India. 

3,000 copies of the audio were distributed by the Indian record label HMV Records throughout the world.

The details of how the speech was recorded and mass produced, as well as events in the month of March 1971, were recounted in great detail in a book titled  "Salahuddin," which has been published by Bangladesh Film Archive and authored by one of Salahuddin's assistants, Harunur Rashid. 

Rashid later directed the liberation war-based movie "Megher Onek Rong" (1976). 

When Salahuddin was recording Bangabandhu's speech at the Racecourse ground, he did not know what he was going to do with it, recounted his wife, Ruhia Salahuddin, in the book. 

But soon after, he decided to turn that into a record. He edited the 19-minute speech himself and trimmed it down just enough to fit in a single platter of 45 RPM extended play or EP record. 

The EPs were made at a factory in Savar and then were brought to Salahuddin's Indira Road residence. "I used to maintain the accounts of the records and their stocks.

There was so much demand for Sheikh Saheb's speech that it was difficult to keep up. 

Dealers would come into the office and demand more," Ruhia Salahuddin recalled. 

Ruhia also talked about how a support staff made everyone laugh by calling the records "Sheikh Shaheb."

"There was a peon, named Mollah, in the office. He used to carry the records from Savar to the office and the records would be supplied to the dealers once slips were issued by the office. With urgent need for more copies, Mollah used to rush to me and demand: "Bhabi, give me 500 Sheikh Saheb," making everyone laugh. 

The technical director Khandaker Saheb would reprimand him in stern voice, "What is Sheikh Saheb? Say, 'give me the records of Sheikh Saheb'." An out-of-breath Mollah would respond by saying, "I am in a rush, so keeping things short.""  

Salahuddin was no ordinary record producer. He was a prominent Bangali filmmaker, whose 1965 super hit "Rupban'' set the benchmark for commercially successful films. Before "Rupban," Bangali cinema was very much in a niche; and with this film, Salahuddin truly reached a mass audience. 

People from far away villages began to flock to cinema halls in the city to see his film. Until "Rupban," Urdu films dominated the market. 

Salahuddin was also interested in Bangali folk songs, leading him to found Dhaka Records in 1968. In the absence of any office of the leading record label HMV in Dhaka, which had an office in Lahore only for both East and West Pakistan, it made sense to Salahuddin to start a record label to cater to the Bangali audience.  

All of the prominent Bangali artists, including Ferdousi Rahman, Khaleq Dewan, Malek Dewan, Jane Alam, and Firoz Sai among others started to work with Dhaka Records.

As artist Fakir Alamgir mentions in his memoirs, Dhaka Record was established in the late 1960s. The speech of 7 March 1971 was produced from Salahuddin's factory and it reached all corners of Bangladesh, including the villages. After the 25 March crackdown, the Pakistani army began to look for Salahuddin, who fled the country to save his life. 

Salahuddin was at the Savar factory since 25 March morning, unaware about the events taking place in Dhaka. He got back home late in the night with his car filled with records of Bangabandhu's speech. He was shocked to hear what had just happened, Salahuddin's wife Ruhia recalls. 

Panicked and terrified, Ruhia and others stayed up all night to dig a hole in the backyard of their house where they buried all the records. The records were wrapped up in polythene bags before putting them underground. They left the house as soon as they finished hiding the records. 

And the next morning the Pakistani military came to the house, according to Ruhia's account, they ransacked the house and screamed, 'Where is Salahuddin? Where are the records?' 

"We first fled to the factory in Savar and later went to the Kulya village. The military also came there looking for us. Salahuddin managed to leave the country, somehow, and went to England," said Ruhia. 

Born in 1926 in Noakhali, Salahuddin is remembered for his pioneering role as a director and producer. But he is perhaps lesser known as the person who recorded the 7 March speech and played a crucial part in immortalising it. 

The filmmaker died in 2003 in the United States. 

Filmmaker Fakhrul Arefeen Khan of "Bhuban Majhi" fame made a documentary film on people behind the audio and video recording of Bangabandhu's 7 March speech. 

After Yahya Khan suspended the scheduled inaugural national assembly session on 1 March, Bangabandhu wanted to see MA Khayer, who was the the managing director of Pakistan International Film Corporation (PIFC), and Salahuddin, chairman of the PIFC - Khayer recounted in Fakhrul Arefeen's 2011 documentary. They met at

Hotel Purbani for a closed door meeting.  

MA Mobin, the cameraman who recorded the video, had asked Khayer to tell Bangabandhu to face the camera when speaking, so that his face is not obstructed by the microphones. Bangabandhu remembered this, Mobin said in the documentary, and turned his face slightly toward the camera.

As soon as the war broke out Mobin quickly hid the reels at a house in Mohammadpur. Amjad Ali Khandaker was the assistant cameraman who helped Mobin. 

After 15 days, Mobin took the films from Mohammadpur and made a perilous journey to Nawabganj's Dohar, where the films will be better protected. The documentary, also, reveals interesting details about what Bangabandhu was actually planning to say in his speech. 

Haji Mohammad Golam Murshid, Bangabandhu's personal assistant at that time, drove to the Racecourse from the Dhanmondi 32 house. The meeting was scheduled to begin at 3 pm, but the area was filled with people by noon. 

"We got out of Dhanmondi 32 at around 2pm. I was driving the car. After arriving at Satmasjid Road, I asked Bangabandhu, 'What will you say today?' 'I will say whatever

Allah makes me say,' he replied," Murshid said in the documentary. 

The speech sent a shockwave across the country. The Pakistan army lost control overall but three cantonments.

Captain Amin Ahmed Chowdhury of the East Bengal Regiment, stationed at the Chittagong cantonment recounted how Bangali military officers began to plan resistance after hearing the speech. 

"I held a meeting with Major Zia, Colonel Oli and Colonel MR Chowdhury at a stadium the next day (8 March) to discuss our strategy. We thought of building the

Chittagong Hill Tracts as a centre of resistance. We started thinking of the beginning of resistance through the blowing up of the Shubhpur Bridge over the River Feni.

We read Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address in school. I think Bangabandhu's speech outshines that too," said Amin Ahmed Chowdhury. 

In 2017, UNESCO recognised the historic 7 March speech of Bangabandhu as part of the world's documentary heritage.

After the liberation

The Salahuddin family recovered the records after returning home, and sold them. Subsequently, Bangabandhu's speech was recorded on cassettes.  

Bangladesh Film Archive, which was established in 1978, received the video of the speech from the Department of Films and Publications in the 1980s. But the reels had accumulated dust by that time, which made the image blurry. 

The historic document was restored and improved after the Film Archive made negatives of the reels.     

In 2011, the archive acquired a digital transfer machine, which was actually a scanner made by British Cintel. With this, the archive could scan and transfer the still images to a computer from the 35mm video reels.

Rashedul Alam Gazi, sub-assistant engineer with the Film Archive, said the machine took a long time to complete the transfer as it scans frame by frame.  

"I think I scanned the 7 March speech at the end of 2011 or early 2012. You may find the previous video of the speech a bit blurry since there was too much dust on some of the frames.  

We were able to clean them. So, the latest video is brighter and cleaner," Rashedul Alam said. 

In 2017, the archive got a more advanced scanner which they used for scanning the video again. 

"The audio is now much clearer and louder, while we have the capability to export the video to 4K. We restored the speech that is 11.50-minute long. 

The DFP has a DVD that is 16-minute long. The government's ICT Division has developed a colour version of the speech after taking input from us," said Rashedul Alam.

The film is currently stored at the Film Achieve building in a vault with freezing temperature for preservation.    

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Brilliance or Madness? —

Elon musk just gave another mars speech—this time the vision seems tangible, "these are unthinkable numbers, but we’re not breaking any physics to achieve this.".

Eric Berger - Apr 8, 2024 3:04 pm UTC

Elon Musk has been talking publicly about his sweeping vision for Mars settlement for nearly eight years now, dating to a speech in Guadalajara, Mexico, in September 2016.

This weekend, at SpaceX's Starbase facility in South Texas, Musk once again took up the mantle of his "making life multiplanetary" cause. Addressing employees at the location of the company's Starship factory, Musk spoke about the "high urgency" needed to extend the "light of consciousness" beyond Earth. That is not because humanity's home planet is a lost cause or should not be preserved. Rather, Musk said, he does not want humanity to remain a one-planet civilization that will, inevitably, face some calamity that will end the species.

All of this is fairly familiar territory for spaceflight enthusiasts—and observers of Musk. But during the last eight years he has become an increasingly controversial and polarizing figure. Based on his behavior, many people will dismiss Musk's Mars comments as those of a megalomaniac. At least in regard to spaceflight, however, that would be wrong. Musk's multiplanetary ambitions today are more credible because SpaceX has taken steps toward doing what he said the company would do.

SpaceX has real hardware today and has completed three test flights. A fourth is possible next month.

"It’s surreal, but it’s real," Musk said this weekend, describing the audacious Mars vision.

The booster and ship

As part of his 45-minute speech, Musk spoke about the booster for Starship, the upper stage, and the company's plans to ultimately deliver millions of tons of cargo to Mars for a self-sustaining civilization.

If thousands of launches seem impossible, Musk noted that SpaceX has now completed 327 successful Falcon launches and that 80 percent of those have involved used boosters. This year, he said, SpaceX will launch about 90 percent of the mass sent into orbit from the planet. China will launch about 6 percent, he added, with the remainder of the world accounting for the other 4 percent.

"That’s very much a success-oriented schedule, but it is within the realm of possibility," Musk said. With multiple test flights occurring this year, Musk said the odds of catching the booster with the launch tower this year are 80 to 90 percent.

It will take longer to land and begin reusing Starship's upper stage, which must survive the fiery reentry through Earth's atmosphere. This vehicle broke apart and burned up during its attempt to return through the atmosphere during a flight test in March. On the next flight, Musk said, the goal for Starship's upper stage is to survive this heating and make a controlled landing in the ocean. At some point this year, he expects SpaceX to achieve this milestone and then begin landing Starships back in Texas next year.

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Channel ars technica.