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AIOU Assignment Autumn 2023

In Autumn 2023, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) students embark on another academic journey, filled with your subject assignment. This comprehensive guide provides in-depth insights into AIOU assignments for the Autumn 2023 semester. We’ll cover everything you need to know, from accessing solved assignments to understanding the submission deadline and program-specific details for BA and  FA  students.

Download AIOU Assignment Autumn 2023 PDF

Accessing your AIOU assignments for Autumn 2023 is a straightforward process when you know where to look. We’ll provide step-by-step instructions on how to download these assignments in PDF format. By the end of this section, you’ll have all your assignment materials at your fingertips.

AIOU Assignment Autumn 2023 for BA and FA Programs

AIOU caters to a diverse student population, including those pursuing BA and FA programs. Each program may have unique assignment requirements or guidelines. We’ll delve into the differences and specific considerations you should be aware of when tackling assignments for these programs.

AIOU Assignment Question Paper 2023

AIOU assignment question papers provide a valuable resource for your preparation. They give you insights into the types of questions you may encounter in your assignments. We’ll discuss the significance of question papers and how you can effectively use them to enhance your assignment performance.

Excel in Your AIOU Assignments for Autumn 2023

In conclusion, this comprehensive guide equips you with the knowledge and resources necessary to excel in your AIOU assignments for Autumn 2023. Whether you’re accessing solved assignments, managing submission deadlines, downloading assignment materials, or navigating program-specific requirements, this guide has you covered. Stay proactive, meet your deadlines, and make the most of available resources to achieve academic success in Autumn 2023.

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aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

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Aiou solved assignments autumn 2023.

AIOU Solved Assignments Autumn 2023 covers a wide range of academic programmes, catering to diverse academic pathways. From Matric and FA to BA, BS (Hons), Associate Degree Program (ADP), BSc, and MSc, the University’s commitment to academic excellence and student support is clear. Matric General Group, Dar-e-Nizami, Intermediate (FA, ICom), BA General, BCOM, ADB, ADC, Associate Degree Programs, BED (1.5 years, 2.5 years, 4 years ) + ADE, BS and BED programs (4 years, 2.5 years) (ODL), BS Accounting and Finance, BS Economics, BS English, BS Gender and Women’s Studies, BS History, BS Islamic Studies, BS Library and Information Sciences, BS Mass Communication, BS Pakistan Studies, BS Sociology, and BS Urdu, as well as Masters programs such as MA History, MLIS (Library and Information Science), MA Urdu, MA Islamic Studies, MSc Administrative Science, MA Education + MED, MSc Pakistan. Studies, MSC Sociology, MSC Economics, MSC Mass Communication, and MSC Gender and Women Studies, can benefit from carefully designed assignments that ensure a comprehensive grasp of course content and effective preparation.

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What is aiou allama iqbal open university, what is aiou solved assignments spring & autumn 2023, why aiou assignments are important, last date to submit aiou assignments, aiou assignment schedule 2023, how to get aiou assignment question paper, where to submit aiou assignments to tutors, how to download aiou solved assignments 2023, aiou matric, fa intermediate, i.com, b.com, and adp solved assignments 2023, aiou bed, bs, ma, bba, m.com &, etc solved assignments of autumn 2023, aiou solved assignments 2023 weightage.

Allama Iqbal Open University ( AIOU ) is a prominent distance education and open education institution based in Pakistan. Established with the objective of providing accessible education to a diverse range of students, AIOU offers a variety of academic programs and courses through flexible learning modes. It enables individuals who cannot attend traditional universities to pursue higher education and skill development. AIOU emphasizes self-paced learning, the use of technology and correspondence to deliver education across the country.

AIOU Solved Assignments for Spring and Autumn 2023 Assignment Tasks provided to Allama Iqbal Open University students in Pakistan are complete. These assignments contain answers and solutions to questions related to their respective courses. They help assess students’ understanding and application of course material and are an important part of the university’s distance learning assessment process.

AIOU assignments are important because they assess students’ understanding and application of course material. They encourage active learning, critical thinking, and independent study. Additionally, assignments contribute to students’ overall grades and provide them with a practical way to demonstrate their knowledge and skills.

AIOU assignments submission schedule is available on the website Skilling.pk visit the website and click on assignments schedule .

AIOU Assignment Question Papers are usually provided by the university to the students through their regional centers or online platforms. Students can access these question papers through the official website of AIOU or by visiting their designated regional center. Question papers are released at the beginning of every semester and are essential to complete the assignments effectively.

Students of Matric, FA, BA, I.Com & B.Com can submit their assignments to their Tutors , and Students of MA, BS, BBA, M.Com, B.Ed & Face To Face programms submit their assignments on the LMS portal provided by University.

If you want to download AIOU-solved assignments visit the website Skilling.pk and click on the download solved assignments.

If you need solved assignments in PDF and Word format contact me at WhatsApp.

The weightage of AIOU solved assignments in 2023 varies by course and program. In general, assignments make a significant contribution to the overall course grade of 30%.

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AIOU Solved Assignment for autumn 2023

Welcome to our website aioustudy.pk ! If you are a student enrolled in Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), you've come to the right place. We provide a wide range of solved assignments for various programs such as Matric, FA, I.COM, BA, B.COM, Associate Degree, BS (4 Years and 2.5 Years), MA, MSC, MED, BED, and ADE. You can easily download these assignments from our website. Additionally, we offer helpful books for purchase, which can assist you in preparing for your exams.

To stay up-to-date with the latest resources and information, we highly recommend subscribing to our YouTube channel, AIOU study owner obaid khan. On this channel, we regularly upload informative videos related to AIOU and its programs.

Thank you for visiting our website!

AIOU Solved Assignment spring 2023

Download AIOU Solved Assignment for autumn 2023 in PDF Format

To assist AIOU students, we have provided the AIOU solved assignment for autumn 2023. If you were struggling with your assignments, there's no need to worry anymore. Our platform offers comprehensive and authentic solutions for AIOU Studio 9 assignments related to your specific course level.

These solved assignments will guide you in the right direction to achieve excellent grades. All assignments are available in PDF format. Make sure to read them carefully to effectively solve your own assignment.

AIOU assignments are an essential aspect of a student's assessment. AIOU provides a questionnaire that students must solve based on their capabilities and potential.

AIOU Solved Assignments from Matric to MA Level

As a student of AIOU, the responsibility for your grades lies in your hands. By properly solving and submitting assignments, you can maximize your marks.

AIOU Intermediate (FA/I.Com) Solved Assignments Spring 2023

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AIOU Solved Assignments autumn 2023

  علامہ اقبال اوپن یونیورسٹی فری حل شدہ اسائنمنٹس  

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Aiou Matric solved Assignment autumn 2023  

AIOU   Unsolved Assignments /   Assignments Question  Download   (New)

AIOU Assignments Question paper

AIOU solved assignments for autumn 2023 are available in PDF format. These assignments contain questions related to your syllabus, provided by your tutor or teacher. You are expected to solve these questions independently. However, if you encounter any difficulties, our platform is here to assist you. Once you've completed your assignment, submit it for evaluation.

Your tutor will review and assign marks based on your submission. We have a wide range of solved assignments for various course levels available on our website.

How to Download AIOU Question Assignments

Follow these steps to access and download AIOU solved assignments:

Step 1: Visit the official website of Allama Iqbal University.

Step 2: Select your course level to access the assignments.

Step 3: Choose the assignment you need and click the download option.

All assignments are listed with their titles, improvement deadlines, and course codes.

Tips for Writing AIOU Assignments

Writing AIOU assignments is not a daunting task. If you approach them with enthusiasm, you can solve them easily. Here are some techniques for writing assignments at Allama Iqbal Open University:

Begin by thoroughly studying the relevant subject in your books.

Find the answers to the assignment questions and write them on paper.

If you face any difficulties, refer to the solved assignment samples for guidance.

Once you have written your answers, capture images of the paper.

Use a scanning application, such as CamScanner, to scan the images using your mobile camera.

Finally, upload the scanned images on the portal. Refer to our website for detailed instructions on how to upload solved assignments.

Understanding AIOU Solved Assignments

AIOU solved assignments are the self-made notes created by students. These assignments provide answers to the questions found in the subject's question book. Most of these files are available online in PDF format. AIOU's portal only accepts assignments in PDF format.

To access the AIOU solved assignments, navigate to the AIOU bar tab on the home page. Click on "Solved Assignments" and choose the desired subject. You can easily download the assignment in PDF format.

Submitting AIOU Assignments

To submit your AIOU assignments, follow these steps:

Visit the AAGHI LMS portal using the following link:  aaghi.aiou.edu.pk .

Log in using the username and password provided by AIOU.

Select the enrolled course/subject for which you want to upload the solved assignment.

Click on the "ASSIGNMENT" tab to access the upload page.

Choose your file from your computer and upload it in PDF format.

Click "Save Changes" to submit your assignment.

Note:  Matric , fa, ba assignment send to your tutor by post office.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are AIOU assignments? A: AIOU assignments are prepared by tutors and require students to answer specific questions. These assignments are evaluated by tutors, and the marks obtained are included in the final result.

Q2. What are AIOU question assignments? A: AIOU question assignments consist of questionnaires prepared by teachers. Students must provide relevant answers to these questions to achieve good grades in their exams.

Q3. How can I download AIOU question assignments? A: AIOU question assignments are available for download on the official website of Allama Iqbal Open University. Please refer to the above instructions for the complete process.

Q4. How do I write AIOU assignments? A: AIOU assignments should be written on paper. After solving them, scan the pages and convert them into a PDF format. The scanned assignment can then be uploaded through AIOU's portal.

Q5. What do AIOU solved assignments include? A: AIOU solved assignments consist of answers to the question papers. These assignments are in PDF format and the marks obtained contribute to a student's overall grade.

Q6. How do I submit AIOU assignments? A: AIOU assignments can be submitted through the AAGHI portal. Refer to the detailed article on our website for a step-by-step guide.

Q7. How can I check AIOU results? A: You can check AIOU results by visiting the following link:  AIOU Results

AIou Solved Assignment autumn 2023:

Introduction.

In the academic world, assignments play a crucial role in assessing a student's understanding of a particular subject. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) is one of the leading educational institutions that provides distance learning programs to students in Pakistan. As the autumn semester of 2023 approaches, students at AIOU will be looking for well-structured and comprehensive solved assignments to aid their studies. This article aims to guide students through the process of accessing and utilizing AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester.

Table of Contents

Importance of solved assignments, accessing aiou solved assignments, benefits of using solved assignments, how to make the most of solved assignments, tips for effective assignment preparation.

Examples of AIOU Solved Assignments

Common Challenges Faced by Students

Aiou solved assignments.

AIOU solved assignments are pre-prepared answers to the assignments given by the university. These assignments are designed to provide students with a reference point and help them understand the concepts and theories discussed in their courses. By having access to solved assignments, students can compare their own answers with the provided solutions and gauge their understanding of the subject matter.

Solved assignments serve as valuable learning resources for students. They offer a practical way to comprehend the course material and enhance knowledge retention. Moreover, these assignments enable students to grasp the required format and structure for presenting their answers effectively. By studying and analyzing solved assignments, students can gain insight into the expectations of their instructors and improve their overall academic performance.

To access AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester, students can follow a few simple steps. First, they should visit the official website of Allama Iqbal Open University. Then, they can navigate to the "Assignments" section, where they will find a list of available solved assignments. By selecting the relevant course code and semester, students can easily download the solved assignments in PDF format.

Utilizing AIOU solved assignments offers several advantages to students. Firstly, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter, enabling students to grasp complex concepts more easily. Secondly, it serves as a valuable study aid during exam preparation, as it highlights key points and important topics. Additionally, solved assignments assist students in developing their critical thinking and problem-solving skills by presenting practical examples and solutions.

To maximize the benefits of AIOU solved assignments, students should follow some effective strategies. Firstly, they should use the solved assignments as a reference and not as a means to copy answers. By studying the provided solutions and attempting the assignments independently, students can enhance their learning experience. Secondly, students should analyze the solved assignments in detail, paying attention to the reasoning and logic behind each answer. This analytical approach helps in developing a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

When preparing assignments, students can follow these useful tips for better results:

1. Understand the Assignment Requirements

Carefully read the assignment instructions and ensure a clear understanding of the requirements. Identify the key elements, such as word count, formatting guidelines, and submission deadlines.

2. Research Thoroughly

Conduct extensive research on the assigned topic. Gather information from reliable sources and make notes of relevant points that can be incorporated into the assignment.

3. Organize Your Thoughts

Create an outline or a mind map to organize your ideas and thoughts. This will help you maintain a logical flow in your assignment and ensure that you cover all the essential points.

4. Write Clearly and Concisely

Use clear and concise language to convey your ideas effectively. Avoid excessive jargon or complex terms unless necessary. Present your arguments in a logical manner to enhance readability.

5. Proofread and Edit

Always proofread your assignment before submission. Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and overall coherence. Editing ensures a polished final product.

While working on assignments, students often encounter various challenges. Some common ones include:

Time Management:  Balancing multiple assignments and other responsibilities can be demanding, making it essential for students to manage their time effectively.

Understanding Complex Concepts:  Certain topics may be difficult to grasp initially. Seeking clarification from professors or referring to solved assignments can help overcome this challenge.

Originality of Answers:  Students should strive to provide unique answers rather than simply reproducing the solved assignments. Originality and critical thinking are valued in academic settings.

Limited Resources:  In some cases, students may face a lack of resources or reference materials. However, utilizing the available resources creatively can help overcome this challenge.

Can I submit the solved assignments as they are?

 It is not advisable to submit the solved assignments as they are. They should be used as a reference to understand the concepts and structure your own answers.

Are solved assignments available for all courses?

 Solved assignments are generally available for most courses offered at AIOU. However, availability may vary depending on the semester and specific course.

Can I rely solely on solved assignments for exam preparation?

 Solved assignments are a helpful study aid, but they should not be the sole resource for exam preparation. It is essential to cover the entire course material and practice additional questions.

What if I cannot find the solved assignment for my course?

 If you cannot find the solved assignment for your course, reach out to your course instructor or academic department for guidance.

Are solved assignments the same for all students?

Solved assignments are typically standardized and provided to all students enrolled in a specific course. However, it is important to cross-check with your instructor for any updates or modifications.

AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester are valuable resources that can significantly enhance a student's learning experience. By utilizing these assignments effectively, students can strengthen their understanding of various subjects and improve their academic performance. Remember, solved assignments should be used as references to grasp the concepts and structure answers, and not as a means of copying. Make the most of these resources and strive for originality in your work to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

aiou solved assignment autumn 2023 pdf ba

As the autumn semester of 2023 approaches, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) students pursuing a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree will be seeking comprehensive solved assignments to aid their studies. AIOU solved assignments are designed to provide students with a reference point and help them understand the course material better. In this article, we will guide BA students on how to access and utilize the AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester.

Understanding AIOU Solved Assignments for BA

AIOU solved assignments for BA are pre-prepared answers to the assignments given by the university. These solved assignments serve as a valuable learning resource for BA students. They provide a comprehensive understanding of the course material and help students grasp complex concepts and theories discussed in their BA program.

Solved assignments play a crucial role in a BA student's academic journey. They offer practical guidance and reference points for students to enhance their understanding of the subject matter. By studying the provided solutions, BA students can compare their own answers, identify areas for improvement, and gauge their understanding of the course material. Solved assignments also help in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Accessing AIOU Solved Assignments for BA

To access AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester, BA students can follow these simple steps:

Visit the official website of Allama Iqbal Open University.

Navigate to the "Assignments" section on the website.

Look for the BA program and select the relevant course code.

Download the solved assignments in PDF format.

By following these steps, BA students can easily access the solved assignments for their respective courses and subjects.

Using AIOU solved assignments for BA offers several benefits to students:

Enhanced Understanding: Solved assignments provide a clear understanding of the course material, enabling BA students to grasp complex concepts and theories effectively.

Study Aid: Solved assignments serve as valuable study aids during exam preparation. They highlight key points and important topics, helping BA students revise and consolidate their knowledge.

Improved Performance: By studying and analyzing solved assignments, BA students can improve their overall academic performance. They gain insights into the expectations of their instructors and learn how to structure and present their answers effectively.

Are solved assignments available for all BA courses?

Solved assignments are generally available for most BA courses offered at AIOU. However, availability may vary depending on the specific course and semester.

No, it is not advisable to submit the solved assignments as they are. They should be used as a reference to understand the concepts and structure your own answers.

Where can I find the solved assignments for my BA courses?

The solved assignments can be found on the official website of Allama Iqbal Open University. Navigate to the "Assignments" section and select your BA program and relevant course code.

How should I cite the solved assignments in my own work?

While referencing solved assignments, follow the citation style recommended by your instructor or adhere to the guidelines provided by the university.

Solved assignments are helpful study aids, but they should not be the sole resource for exam preparation. It is important to cover the entire course material, practice additional questions, and seek clarifications from instructors.

AIOU solved assignments for BA in the autumn 2023 semester are valuable resources that can significantly enhance a student's learning experience. By utilizing these assignments effectively, BA students can strengthen their understanding of various subjects and improve their academic performance. Remember, solved assignments should be used as references to grasp the concepts and structure answers, and not as a means of copying. Make the most of these resources and strive for originality in your work to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

aiou solved assignment autumn 2023 pdf fa

As the autumn semester of 2023 approaches, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) students pursuing a FA (Faculty of Arts) degree will be seeking comprehensive solved assignments to aid their studies. AIOU solved assignments are designed to provide students with a reference point and help them understand the course material better. In this article, we will guide FA students on how to access and utilize the AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester.

Understanding AIOU Solved Assignments for FA

AIOU solved assignments for FA are pre-prepared answers to the assignments given by the university. These solved assignments serve as a valuable learning resource for FA students. They provide a comprehensive understanding of the course material and help students grasp complex concepts and theories discussed in their FA program.

Solved assignments play a crucial role in an FA student's academic journey. They offer practical guidance and reference points for students to enhance their understanding of the subject matter. By studying the provided solutions, FA students can compare their own answers, identify areas for improvement, and gauge their understanding of the course material. Solved assignments also help in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Accessing AIOU Solved Assignments for FA

To access AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester, FA students can follow these simple steps:

Look for the FA program and select the relevant course code.

By following these steps, FA students can easily access the solved assignments for their respective courses and subjects.

Are solved assignments available for all FA courses?

 Solved assignments are generally available for most FA courses offered at AIOU. However, availability may vary depending on the specific course and semester.

Where can I find the solved assignments for my FA courses?

The solved assignments can be found on the official website of Allama Iqbal Open University. Navigate to the "Assignments" section and select your FA program and relevant course code.

 While referencing solved assignments, follow the citation style recommended by your instructor or adhere to the guidelines provided by the university.

AIOU solved assignments for FA in the autumn 2023 semester are valuable resources that can significantly enhance a student's learning experience. By utilizing these assignments effectively, FA students can strengthen their understanding of various subjects and improve their academic performance. Remember, solved assignments should be used as references to grasp the concepts and structure answers, and not as a means of copying. Make the most of these resources and strive for originality in your work to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

aiou solved assignment autumn 2023 pdf matric

Aiou solved assignment autumn 2023: your key to matric success.

As the autumn semester of 2023 approaches, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) students pursuing their Matriculation (Matric) education will be seeking comprehensive solved assignments to aid their studies. AIOU solved assignments are designed to provide students with a reference point and help them understand the course material better. In this article, we will guide Matric students on how to access and utilize the AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester.

Understanding AIOU Solved Assignments for Matric

AIOU solved assignments for Matric are pre-prepared answers to the assignments given by the university. These solved assignments serve as a valuable learning resource for Matric students. They provide a comprehensive understanding of the course material and help students grasp important concepts and topics discussed in their Matric program.

Accessing AIOU Solved Assignments for Matric

To access AIOU solved assignments for the autumn 2023 semester, Matric students can follow these simple steps:

Look for the Matric program and select the relevant course code.

By following these steps, Matric students can easily access the solved assignments for their respective courses and subjects.

Are solved assignments available for all Matric courses? Solved assignments are generally available for most Matric courses offered at AIOU. However, availability may vary depending on the specific course and semester.

 No, it is not advisable to submit the solved assignments as they are. They should be used as a reference to understand the concepts and structure your own answers.

Where can I find the solved assignments for my Matric courses?

The solved assignments can be found on the official website of Allama Iqbal Open University. Navigate to the "Assignments" section and select your Matric program and relevant course code.

While referencing solved assignments, follow the citation style recommended by your teacher or adhere to the guidelines provided by the university.

Solved assignments are helpful study aids, but they should not be the sole resource for exam preparation. It is important to cover the entire course material, practice additional questions, and seek clarifications from teachers.

AIOU solved assignments for Matric in the autumn 2023 semester are valuable resources that can significantly enhance a student's learning experience. By utilizing these assignments effectively, Matric students can strengthen their understanding of various subjects and improve their academic performance. Remember, solved assignments should be used as references to grasp the concepts and structure answers, and not as a means of copying. Make the most of these resources and strive for originality in your work to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

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Welcome to our website. If you are a student of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) and pursuing BS English program, then you have come to the right place. We offer solved assignments for Matric, FA, I.COM, BA, B.COM, Associate Degree, BS 4 Years, BS 2.5 Years, MA, MSC, MED, BED, ADE programs that you can download easily from our website. Apart from this, we also have helping books available for purchase that can assist you in preparing for your exams. To stay updated with our latest resources, we recommend that you subscribe to our AIOU Studio 9 – M. Daniyal Iqbal YouTube channel, where we regularly upload informative videos related to AIOU and its programs.

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

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1,349 comments:

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

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Asslam o alikum sir

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اسلام و علیکم سر مهربانی فرماکرب ایم ایڈ کے اساءهنمنٹ اپلوڈ کروا9ءیں

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11424 ke assignment??

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pakistani adab assignment 2 upload kr den.

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SIR BE.D KI UPLOAD KR DAIN

Asslam-o-Alaikum, plz need assignment of MSc(Pak Studies) Autumn, 2019 1. (0538) GENESIS OF PAKISTAN MOVEMENT 2. (4657) PAKISTANI LANGUAGES & LITERATURE-I 3. (4656) GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN-II 4. (4655) GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN-I 5. (4658) PAKISTANI LANGUAGES & LITERATURE-II

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5601~5604 plz

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assalam o alaikum bro codes 8627,8628,8629, aur 8638 ki B.Ed Autumn 2019 ki solved assignments jald upload kr den kindly..

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B.A 456 ki 2nd assignment me 1st assignment dedi hai ghalti se usko update KR dain

6604, 6603, 5632, 5631, 0965, 0964, MSc Mass Communication

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8402, 8401, 8403, 9407, 5466

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PLEASE ADD M.A ISLAMIAT ASSIGNMENTS 4612

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bai BLIS ki assignments mil saktii han kya

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Sir bs english kay 1st semester kay assigment kay date ko extend kiya hay sir

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AIOU Solved Assignmment

Allama Iqbal Open University | Virtual University Assignments Solution

Download: AIOU Solved Assignment Autumn & Spring 2024-2025

AIOU solved assignments of spring 2024 and autumn 2024 are available of Matric, FA, BA, BS (Old), Associate Degree, BSc, B.Ed, MA, MSc, and M.Ed levels. Any student can download AIOU solved assignment  from here. Click on the concerned level for the download assignment.

What is AIOU Solved Assignment?

AIOU solved assignment is the solution of a particular problem that has been assigned to a student by his/her instructor. The solution is written in detail and is provided to the student so that he/she can understand the concept behind the problem and how to solve it.

AIOU Solved Assignment Matric To Masters

When students of Allama Iqbal Open University are searching for solved assignments of AIOU, they always type “AIOU Solved Assignment Matric To Masters” in Google. Moreover, There are different websites which provides solved assignments of AIOU but the problem is that most of these websites provides old and outdated solved assignments. Now the question is that from where students can get updated and latest solved assignments of AIOU? The answer is very simple, they can get it from here. Yes, you have heard it right! We are providing latest and up to date solved assignments of Allama Iqbal Open University for all classes i.e Matric to Masters level. Moreover,if you are also looking for AIOU Solved Assignment Matric To Masters then you are at right place because we are going to provide you latest solved assignments of Autumn & Spring 2025. You just need to send us email at [email protected] with your name, code number and address and we will send you required assignment(s) on your address via Pakistan post within 2 to 3 working days.

How To Submit AIOU Solved Assignment

Assuming that you have already downloaded and installed the Allama Iqbal Open University assignment submission form from their website, we will now move on to filling it out. The first thing you need to do is take a look at the solved assignment and find out which course it is for. Each solved assignment has a title page with this information. In the “1” box on the submission form, you will need to write the code of the course for which you are submitting the solved assignment. In the “2” box, write the semester in which you took the course. For example, if you are submitting a solved assignment for a course you took in Spring 2025, then you would write “Spring 2024” in this box.

At the bottom of the form, there is a section for attaching documents. You will need to attach your solved assignment here. Once you have done that, simply click on the “Submit” button and your assignment will be sent off to Allama Iqbal Open University!

How To Download Aiou Solved Assignment

There are generally two ways by which students can get their hands on AIOU solved assignments. The first is to buy them from external sources, and the second is to download them from the official website of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU).

Importance of AIOU Assignments 2024 – 2025

Aiou assignments are too much important for the students. Furthermore, without submitting  solved assignments  you can’t get passed your semester. Because of some issue, you don’t submit  a solved assignment  you’ll declare Failed. Even you attend your exams and got 90% marks doesn’t matter. So Assignment submission is compulsory.

AIOU Solved Assignments Autumn & Spring Last Date 2024

AIOU announces the last date of  solved assignments  at the start of the semester. The Assignments are based on your course know you want to know what it means. Like some of your books have 2 assignments and some books have 4 assignments. So you don’t get worried about the assignments just focused on solved assignments and submit them.

Where TO Submit Aiou Solved Assignments 2024-2025

When you solved your assignments the main thing is to submit. Most students have a question we solved our assignments but know what to do. Students when you join aiou they will announce tutors every semester and you’ll get your Tutors Letter At home. After SOlving Assignments submit them to your AIOU Tutors they’ll check your assignments and submit your AIOU Solved Assignments Marks to the university.

AIOU HSSC (F.A) Solved Assignments Autumn & Spring 2024-25

We All know that there are many courses/degrees offered by aiou at this level e.g., F.A, ICS, and i. Com! These are also too difficult to solve assignments at this level due to the lack of inflexibility of new subjects. We have uploaded too few solved assignments for this level at this time. You can also buy  solved assignments  from us.

Bachelor (B.A) Aiou Solved Assignments Autumn & Spring 2024-25

Bachelor (B.a) level is an easy one for those who already attend F.a Degree from Allama Iqbal open university. Do you know why I say it easy for old students? if not then you may know that old students at any college or university are well known about the Institute Rule’s and study system. A lot of  Aiou Solved Assignments were already uploaded to the site. if you didn’t found your required one then you can contact us to buy aiou solved assignment .

AIOU Solved Assignment 2024?

Bachelor (B.a) level is an easy one for those who already attend F.a Degree from Allama Iqbal open university. Do you know why I say it easy for old students? If not then you may know that old students at any college or university are well known about the Institute Rule’s and study system. A lot of  Solved Assignment  were already uploaded to the site. If you didn’t found your required one then you can contact us to buy  aiou solved assignment 2024 .

AIOU Matric Solved Assignments Autumn & Spring 2024 Download Free

AIOU Small Degree program is Matric. Many of the aiou matric students don’t know how to download matric aiou solved assignments from the sites on google. They just search their codes and the open site even they have no content or they are paid but. EDUCATION TUTORS providing aiou solved assignments free of cost no single penny. ALLAH Says that “I’ll give you that of course what that you have tried to get” Check Also:  AIOU Tutor 2024

AIOU Solved Assignment Autumn & Spring HSSC (I.COM, FA, ICS “All Intermediate Courses”)

The other and the bigger degree program after Metric is HSSC. AIOU has many courses in HSSC like ICOM FA FA IT ICS and others. As well as we are also providing HSSC solved assignments to all our Brother and sister they are getting an education from aiou. We update our solved assignments session at the start of every new semester in spring and autumn. SO if you want solved assignments then GET in touch with us.

AIOU Solved Assignments For Becholer’s & Master’s level

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How To Submit AIOU Solved Assignment 2024 To AIOU Tutors

Howdy, After writing your assignments you got  AIOU Tutors  letter from the university on which you find your tutors addresses now you have to pack your assignments professionally and search TCS office or Pakistan Post Office near my home go that office and submit  aiou solved assignment  to your aiou tutors with best wishes.

PS: Share This Article with your AIOU Family

Submit Your Late Aiou Solved Assignments After Due Date (UPDATED)

Aiou To Lanch Policy For late Assignments you can submit your late assignments after the due date to aiou.

Allama Iqbal open university, Islamabad has been introduced a policy for the assignments that are being late from the due date for the inconvenience of their students. According to this law, late assignments can be submitted to the university within 30 days after the last date. Students have to submit their solved assignments to their nearest regional area office. But wait on! Aiou introduced this service not for free. Students have to pay fees given below according to their courses/degrees to their nearest selected bank branches.

Check Also: aiou solved assignment 2024

Frequently Asked Questions FAQs

Q1. what are aiou assignments.

AIOU assignments are the questions that are prepared by the tutors and the students of AIOU have to answer those questions. These assignments are evaluated by the tutors and the marks are added in the final result.

Q2. What are AIOU question assignments?

AIOU question assignments are the questionnaires prepared by the teacher. The students have to give relevant answers in order to get good grades in their exams.

Q3. How to download AIOU question assignments?

AIOU’s question assignments are available and can be downloaded from the Allama Iqbal Open University’s official website. The complete process has been explained above.

Q4. How to write AIOU assignments?

AIOU’s assignments should be written on paper. The solution is submitted on AIOU’s portal after scanning. It should be in pdf format.

Q6. How to submit AIOU assignments?

You can submit AIOU assignments to the AAGHI portal. There are some simple steps to be followed. We have mentioned the steps in the above article. There is a separate detailed article on this topic as well.

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aiou-solvedassignments

AIOU Solved Assignments Spring & Autumn 2023- 2024

AIOU Solved Assignments Spring & Autumn 2024. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) is a renowned institution in Pakistan that provides distance education opportunities to a diverse range of students. AIOU offers a variety of programs and courses, and as a part of their academic requirements, students are often required to complete assignments. These assignments are a crucial component of the learning process, and AIOU provides solved assignments to assist students in their studies. In this article, we will guide you through the process of downloading AIOU Solved Assignment 2024.

AIOU Programs: A World of Educational Opportunities

Aiou assignments: a learning and assessment tool.

Assignments are an integral component of AIOU’s pedagogical approach, serving multiple purposes:

  • Learning Aid: Assignments encourage active engagement with course materials. They require students to apply what they have learned, reinforcing their understanding and retention of key concepts.
  • Self-Assessment: Completing assignments allows students to evaluate their own comprehension of the subject matter. This self-assessment helps identify areas where additional study or clarification may be needed.
  • Feedback Loop: AIOU tutors assess assignments and provide valuable feedback. This feedback informs students of their strengths and weaknesses, guiding their study strategies and improving their overall performance.
  • Preparation for Examinations: Assignments often mirror the format and content of upcoming exams. By tackling assignments seriously, students are better prepared for their final assessments.
  • Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Assignments often involve critical analysis and problem-solving, fostering the development of essential skills that extend beyond academics.

Tips for Excelling in AIOU Assignments

  • Start Early: Begin working on assignments as soon as they are assigned to allow ample time for research, reflection, and revision.
  • Follow Guidelines: Adhere to the assignment guidelines provided by AIOU. Pay attention to formatting, word limits, and submission deadlines.
  • Research Thoroughly: Conduct in-depth research to support your answers and cite sources appropriately.
  • Organize Your Work: Present your assignments in a clear and organized manner, with a well-structured introduction, body, and conclusion.
  • Proofread: Carefully proofread your assignments to eliminate errors in grammar, spelling, and formatting.
  • Duration: Typically, matriculation programs span two years. Students complete coursework and assessments during this period.
  • Curriculum: The curriculum for matriculation programs includes subjects like mathematics, science, English, Urdu, and social studies. These AIOU program courses provide a broad educational foundation.
  • Eligibility: Students who have completed their primary education are eligible to enroll in matriculation programs. AIOU’s flexible learning approach allows students to study at their own pace.
  • Importance: Matriculation is a crucial stage in a student’s academic journey as it lays the groundwork for higher education. Successful completion of matriculation is often a prerequisite for enrollment in intermediate programs.

Intermediate Program

  • Definition: The intermediate program at AIOU is the next level of education after matriculation. It is equivalent to the 11th and 12th grades in traditional educational systems.
  • Duration: Intermediate programs typically span two years, similar to matriculation. Students complete coursework, assignments, and examinations during this period.
  • Curriculum: AIOU offers a wide range of intermediate programs in various disciplines, including arts, science, and commerce. Students can choose subjects aligned with their interests and career goals.
  • Eligibility: To enroll in an intermediate program, students must have successfully completed their matriculation or equivalent qualifications.
  • Importance: Intermediate education is a critical stage in a student’s academic journey, as it prepares them for higher studies and specialization in their chosen field. It also plays a role in determining future career paths.

Assignments in AIOU

  • Role: Assignments are an integral part of the learning process at AIOU. They serve as tools for assessing students’ understanding of course materials, encouraging active engagement with the content.
  • Format: Assignments are typically provided to students in the form of questions or tasks related to the subject matter. These can include essays, problem-solving exercises, and practical projects.
  • Submission: Students are required to complete assignments within specified deadlines. Assignments can be submitted online through the AIOU portal or prescribed physical submission methods.
  • Feedback: After submission, assignments are evaluated by AIOU tutors . They provide feedback and grades, offering valuable insights into students’ performance and areas for improvement.
  • Learning Tool: Assignments not only assess students but also aid in their learning journey. By completing assignments, students reinforce their understanding of the course material and develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
  • Preparation for Exams: Assignments often align with the content and format of upcoming examinations. This means that working diligently on assignments can enhance students’ preparedness for exams.

Why Are AIOU Solved Assignments Important?

AIOU solved assignments are essential for several reasons:

  • Guidance: Solved assignments serve as valuable guidance for students. They provide a clear understanding of how to approach and answer questions effectively.
  • Learning Tool: Solved assignments help students learn and grasp the course material better. By reviewing solved assignments, students can gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
  • Assessment Preparation: AIOU often uses solved assignments as a basis for evaluating students’ knowledge and understanding of the course material. Completing solved assignments can improve your performance in assessments.
  • Time Management: Solved assignments are designed to be completed within a specific timeframe. This helps students develop time management skills, a crucial skill for academic and professional success.

How to Download AIOU Solved Assignment 2024

Now, let’s walk through the steps to download AIOU Solved Assignment 2024:

Step 1: Access the AIOU Official Website

To begin, you need to visit the aiou portal . You can do this by typing “AIOU official website” into your preferred search engine or by directly entering “www.aiou.edu.pk” into your web browser’s address bar.

Step 2: Navigate to the Assignments Section

On the AIOU website, navigate to the “Assignments” section. This section is typically found on the homepage or in the menu bar. Click on it to proceed.

Step 3: Select Your Program and Course

Once you are in the “Assignments” section, you will likely find a list of programs and courses. Select your specific program and course for the year 2024. Make sure you choose the correct program and course code to access the relevant assignments.

Step 4: Locate the Solved Assignments

Within the course page, look for the section that contains solved assignments for the year 2024. These assignments are usually organized by course code and assignment number.

Step 5: Download the Solved Assignment

Click on the assignment you want to download. A new window or tab will open, displaying the solved assignment in a downloadable format, such as a PDF file. Click the download button to save the solved assignment to your computer or device.

Step 6: Review and Complete the Assignment

Once the assignment is downloaded, review it carefully. Use it as a reference to complete your assignment. Ensure that you understand the solutions provided and use them as a guide to formulate your responses.

Step 7: Submit Your Assignment

After completing your assignment, follow the submission instructions provided by your tutor or through the AIOU portal. Typically, you will need to upload your completed assignment to the AIOU website or send it via the prescribed method.

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8624 solved assignment semester autumn 2023.

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

Level: B.Ed. (2.5 and 1.5 Years) Semester: Autumn, 2023

Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 50

ASSIGNMENT No. 1

Q.1 Describe the levels of education in the context of Pakistan and compare them with the seven levels which are described by (ISCED).  

Answer 

Sure, here is a description of the levels of education in Pakistan and a comparison with the seven levels described by ISCED:

**Levels of Education in Pakistan**

Pakistan's education system is generally divided into six levels:

1. **Preschool (for the age from 3 to 5 years)**: Preschool education is designed for 3–5 years old and usually consists of three stages: Play Group, Nursery and Kindergarten (also called 'KG' or 'Prep').

2. **Primary (years one to five)**: Primary education is compulsory in Pakistan and is typically completed by children between the ages of 5 and 10. The primary curriculum focuses on basic literacy and numeracy skills, as well as Urdu, English, and Islamic Studies.

3. **Middle (years six to eight)**: Middle school education is not compulsory in Pakistan, but it is a prerequisite for secondary education. Middle school students continue to develop their literacy and numeracy skills, and they also begin to study subjects such as science, social studies, and mathematics.

4. **Secondary (years nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate or SSC)**: Secondary education is typically completed by children between the ages of 14 and 16. The secondary curriculum is more rigorous than the primary curriculum, and students are required to choose a stream of study, such as pre-medical, pre-engineering, humanities/social sciences, or commerce.

5. **Intermediate (years eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School Certificate or HSSC)**: Intermediate education is typically completed by children between the ages of 16 and 18. The intermediate curriculum is even more rigorous than the secondary curriculum, and students are required to specialize in a particular field of study.

6. **University (leading to undergraduate and graduate degrees)**: University education is typically completed by students between the ages of 18 and 24. The university curriculum is highly specialized, and students can earn a variety of degrees, including bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctorates.

**Comparison with ISCED Levels**

The International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is a framework developed by UNESCO for classifying educational programs and qualifications. ISCED distinguishes between seven levels of education:

1. **Early childhood education (ISCED 0)**: This level corresponds to preschool education in Pakistan.

2. **Primary education (ISCED 1)**: This level corresponds to primary education in Pakistan.

3. **Lower secondary education (ISCED 2)**: This level corresponds to middle school education in Pakistan.

4. **Upper secondary education (ISCED 3)**: This level corresponds to secondary education in Pakistan.

5. **Non-tertiary post-secondary education (ISCED 4)**: This level is not directly comparable to any level of education in Pakistan, but it may include vocational training and other forms of education that are not part of the formal education system.

6. **First cycle tertiary education (ISCED 5)**: This level corresponds to undergraduate education in Pakistan.

7. **Second cycle tertiary education (ISCED 6)**: This level corresponds to graduate education in Pakistan.

As you can see, the levels of education in Pakistan are largely aligned with the ISCED framework. However, there are some minor differences between the two systems. For example, ISCED distinguishes between lower and upper secondary education, while Pakistan's education system simply refers to secondary education as a single level. Additionally, ISCED includes a level called "non-tertiary post-secondary education," which is not directly comparable to any level of education in Pakistan.

Overall, Pakistan's education system is a comprehensive system that provides students with a wide range of learning opportunities. The system is structured in a way that is consistent with the ISCED framework, making it easier for Pakistani students to transfer to universities in other countries.

Q.2 Discuss the benefits of BISE in structuring the boards and administration of examination.

Sure, here is a discussion of the benefits of BISE in structuring the boards and administration of examinations:

Benefits of BISE in Structuring the Boards and Administration of Examinations

The Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) in Pakistan play a vital role in the education system by conducting examinations and awarding certificates to students. BISE's structured approach to examination administration offers several benefits, including:

Standardization: BISE ensures that examinations are conducted in a standardized manner across all schools and colleges in its jurisdiction. This standardization helps to maintain the quality and integrity of the educational system.

Fairness: BISE's examination administration procedures are designed to be fair and impartial to all students. This helps to ensure that students are assessed on their merits, regardless of their background or socioeconomic status.

Efficiency: BISE's structured approach to examination administration helps to ensure that exams are conducted efficiently and effectively. This helps to minimize disruptions to the academic calendar and allows students to receive their results in a timely manner.

Credibility: BISE's certificates are recognized by universities and employers both within Pakistan and internationally. This helps to give students the confidence that their qualifications will be valued and respected.

Accountability: BISE is accountable to the government and the public for the quality of its examinations. This helps to ensure that the organization is constantly striving to improve its procedures and practices.

In addition to these general benefits, BISE also plays a number of specific roles in the education system:

Developing and revising curricula: BISE works with subject experts to develop and revise curricula for secondary and intermediate education.

Preparing and distributing examination materials: BISE prepares and distributes examination materials to all schools and colleges in its jurisdiction.

Appointing and training examiners: BISE appoints and trains examiners to mark and grade examination papers.

Issuing certificates: BISE issues certificates to students who successfully pass their examinations.

Conducting research: BISE conducts research on ways to improve the quality of examinations and education in general.

Overall, BISE plays a vital role in the education system in Pakistan. Its structured approach to examination administration helps to ensure that the system is fair, efficient, and credible. BISE's certificates are recognized by universities and employers both within Pakistan and internationally. This helps to give students the confidence that their qualifications will be valued and respected.

Please let me know if you have any other questions.

Benefits of BISE in Structuring Boards and Administration of Examinations

The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education(BISE) plays a pivotal role in structuring the boards and administration of examinations in Pakistan. It has numerous benefits that contribute to the overall effectiveness of the education system.

1. Standardization and Consistency:

BISE ensures standardization and consistency in the examination process across the province. It establishes uniform guidelines and procedures for conducting examinations, ensuring that all students are evaluated fairly and impartially. This standardization helps maintain the quality of education and provides a level playing field for students from different regions and backgrounds.

2. Effective Curriculum Implementation:

BISE plays a crucial role in ensuring effective implementation of the curriculum. It designs and develops syllabi, textbooks, and other instructional materials that align with the prescribed curriculum. This ensures that students are taught the required content and are prepared for the examinations conducted by BISE.

3. Efficient Examination Management:

BISE efficiently manages the entire examination process, from registration to result declaration. It establishes a well-structured system for registration, examination scheduling, paper distribution, marking, and result processing. This efficiency ensures timely and accurate results, allowing students to make informed decisions about their future education and career paths.

4. Maintenance of Examination Records:

BISE maintains a comprehensive record of examinations and results, providing students with access to their academic history. This record-keeping is crucial for educational institutions, employers, and other stakeholders who need to verify a student's qualifications.

5. Quality Control and Improvement:

BISE regularly reviews and evaluates the examination process to identify areas for improvement and ensure the quality of education. It conducts workshops and training sessions for examiners and invigilators to enhance their skills and knowledge. This commitment to quality control helps maintain high standards in the education system.

6. Regulation of Educational Institutions:

BISE regulates educational institutions affiliated with it, ensuring that they adhere to prescribed standards of teaching and infrastructure. It conducts inspections and reviews to maintain the quality of education provided by these institutions.

7. Provision of Examination Infrastructure:

BISE provides the necessary infrastructure for conducting examinations, including examination centers, invigilation, and security arrangements. This ensures that examinations are conducted smoothly and in a secure environment.

8. Grievance Redressal Mechanism:

BISE establishes a grievance redressal mechanism for students who have concerns about their examination results or the examination process. This ensures that students have a fair and impartial way to address their issues.

In conclusion, BISE plays a vital role in structuring the boards and administration of examinations in Pakistan. Its contributions to standardization, curriculum implementation, examination management, record-keeping, quality control, institutional regulation, infrastructure provision, grievance redressal, and overall educational development are noteworthy. BISE's commitment to quality education and fair assessment practices is a driving force behind Pakistan's education system.

Q.3 Describe the importance and organizational structure of PDF. How many types of private schools are working in Pakistan at Secondary level. 

description of the importance and organizational structure of PDF, as well as the number of types of private schools working in Pakistan at the Secondary level.

Importance of Private Schools in Pakistan

Private schools play an increasingly important role in Pakistan's education system. As of 2018, approximately 44% of all students in Pakistan were enrolled in private schools. This is due to a number of factors, including:

The perceived higher quality of education offered by private schools. Private schools are often seen as providing better teaching, more resources, and a more disciplined learning environment than public schools.

The growing demand for English-medium education. Many parents prefer to send their children to private schools that offer English-medium instruction, as this is seen as giving their children a better chance of success in the globalized economy.

The increasing affordability of private schools. The cost of private education has fallen in recent years, making it more accessible to a wider range of families.

Organizational Structure of Private Schools in Pakistan

Private schools in Pakistan can be classified into two main types:

Montessori schools: Montessori schools follow a philosophy of child-centered education that emphasizes hands-on learning and exploration.

Traditional schools: Traditional schools follow a more structured approach to education, with a focus on academic subjects such as math, science, and English.

There are also a number of private schools that offer specialized curricula, such as religious schools, vocational schools, and international schools.

Number of Types of Private Schools Working in Pakistan at Secondary Level

According to the Ministry of Education, there are over 200,000 private schools in Pakistan. Of these, approximately 50,000 are secondary schools. The five most common types of private secondary schools are:

Montessori schools: There are over 10,000 Montessori schools in Pakistan.

Cambridge schools: Cambridge schools follow the British curriculum and prepare students for Cambridge International Examinations. There are over 5,000 Cambridge schools in Pakistan.

O Levels schools: O Levels schools prepare students for the Oxford and Cambridge O Level examinations. There are over 2,000 O Levels schools in Pakistan.

A Levels schools: A Levels schools prepare students for the Oxford and Cambridge A Level examinations. There are over 1,000 A Levels schools in Pakistan.

Other private schools: This category includes a wide variety of schools, such as religious schools, vocational schools, and international schools. There are over 30,000 other private schools in Pakistan.

The growth of private education in Pakistan is a positive development, as it provides more families with access to quality education. However, it is important to ensure that private schools are held accountable for the quality of education they provide. The government should continue to monitor private schools and ensure that they meet high standards.

Q.4 Define aspects, principles and mechanism of curriculum development in Pakistan.

   

Q.5 Highlight the aims, objectives and characteristics of curriculum at Secondary Level. 

Sure, here are the aims, objectives, and characteristics of the curriculum at the Secondary Level:

The aims of the Secondary Level curriculum are to:

* **Provide students with a broad and balanced education that will prepare them for further study, employment, and lifelong learning.**

* **Develop students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills.**

* **Promote students' creativity and innovation.**

* **Nurture students' personal and social development.**

* **Foster students' understanding of their own culture and heritage, as well as other cultures and societies.**

**Objectives**

The objectives of the Secondary Level curriculum are to:

* **Enable students to develop their literacy, numeracy, and communication skills.**

* **Provide students with a foundation in knowledge and understanding across a range of subjects.**

* **Encourage students to develop their intellectual curiosity and a love of learning.**

* **Help students to develop their self-confidence and self-esteem.**

* **Prepare students to become responsible and active citizens.**

**Characteristics**

The Secondary Level curriculum is characterized by:

* **A focus on student-centered learning.**

* **A balance of theoretical and practical learning.**

* **The use of a variety of teaching and learning methods.**

* **The assessment of student progress through a variety of methods.**

* **A commitment to equity and inclusion.**

**In addition to these general aims, objectives, and characteristics, the Secondary Level curriculum also has a number of specific features, such as:**

* **A focus on developing students' digital literacy skills.**

* **The incorporation of cross-curricular themes, such as sustainability and global citizenship.**

* **The provision of opportunities for students to participate in extracurricular activities.**

The Secondary Level curriculum is regularly reviewed and updated to ensure that it remains relevant to the needs of students and society.

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AIOU Solved Assignment Code 402 Spring & Autumn 2023 PDF

Here, We have provided AIOU Solved Assignment Code 402 for both Spring and Autumn semesters. According to AIOU policy, The assignment marks are 50% of your total exam marks. So Without submission of your assignments of code 402 for BA , you will be considered a Fail.

It’s important to submit your all assignments of code 402 on time to avoid any problems using AIOU Aagahi Portal. For this purpose, we have provided AIOU Solved Assignment Code 402 for BA in PDF Format.

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aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

For the first time Rosatom Fuel Division supplied fresh nuclear fuel to the world’s only floating nuclear cogeneration plant in the Arctic

The fuel was supplied to the northernmost town of Russia along the Northern Sea Route.

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

The first in the history of the power plant refueling, that is, the replacement of spent nuclear fuel with fresh one, is planned to begin before 2024. The manufacturer of nuclear fuel for all Russian nuclear icebreakers, as well as the Akademik Lomonosov FNPP, is Machinery Manufacturing Plant, Joint-Stock Company (MSZ JSC), a company of Rosatom Fuel Company TVEL that is based in Elektrostal, Moscow Region.

The FNPP includes two KLT-40S reactors of the icebreaking type. Unlike convenient ground-based large reactors (that require partial replacement of fuel rods once every 12-18 months), in the case of these reactors, the refueling takes place once every few years and includes unloading of the entire reactor core and loading of fresh fuel into the reactor.

The cores of KLT-40 reactors of the Akademik Lomonosov floating power unit have a number of advantages compared to the reference ones: a cassette core was used for the first time in the history of the unit, which made it possible to increase the fuel energy resource to 3-3.5 years between refuelings, and also reduce the fuel component of the electricity cost by one and a half times. The FNPP operating experience formed the basis for the designs of reactors for nuclear icebreakers of the newest series 22220. Three such icebreakers have been launched by now.

For the first time the power units of the Akademik Lomonosov floating nuclear power plant were connected to the grid in December 2019, and put into commercial operation in May 2020. The supply of nuclear fuel from Elektrostal to Pevek and its loading into the second reactor is planned for 2024. The total power of the Akademik Lomonosov FNPP, supplied to the coastal grid of Pevek without thermal energy consumption on shore, is about 76 MW, being about 44 MW in the maximum thermal power supply mode. The FNPP generated 194 million kWh according to the results of 2023. The population of Pevek is just a little more than 4 thousand, while the FNPP has a potential for supplying electricity to a city with a population of up to 100 thousand people. After the FNPP commissioning two goals were achieved. These include first of all the replacement of the retiring capacities of the Bilibino NPP, which has been operating since 1974, as well as the Chaunskaya TPP, which has already been operating for more than 70 years. Secondly, energy is supplied to the main mining companies in western Chukotka in the Chaun-Bilibino energy hub a large ore and metal cluster, including gold mining companies and projects related to the development of the Baimsk ore zone. In September 2023, a 110 kilovolt power transmission line with a length of 490 kilometers was put into operation, connecting the towns of Pevek and Bilibino. The line increased the reliability of energy supply from the FNPP to both Bilibino consumers and mining companies, the largest of which is the Baimsky GOK. The comprehensive development of the Russian Arctic is a national strategic priority. To increase the NSR traffic is of paramount importance for accomplishment of the tasks set in the field of cargo shipping. This logistics corridor is being developed due regular freight voyages, construction of new nuclear-powered icebreakers and modernization of the relevant infrastructure. Rosatom companies are actively involved in this work. Rosatom Fuel Company TVEL (Rosatom Fuel Division) includes companies fabricating nuclear fuel, converting and enriching uranium, manufacturing gas centrifuges, conducting researches and producing designs. As the only nuclear fuel supplier to Russian NPPs, TVEL supplies fuel for a total of 75 power reactors in 15 countries, for research reactors in nine countries, as well as for propulsion reactors of the Russian nuclear fleet. Every sixth power reactor in the world runs on TVEL fuel. Rosatom Fuel Division is the world’s largest producer of enriched uranium and the leader on the global stable isotope market. The Fuel Division is actively developing new businesses in chemistry, metallurgy, energy storage technologies, 3D printing, digital products, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. TVEL also includes Rosatom integrators for additive technologies and electricity storage systems. Rosenergoatom, Joint-Stock Company is part of Rosatom Electric Power Division and one of the largest companies in the industry acting as an operator of nuclear power plants. It includes, as its branches, 11 operating NPPs, including the FNPP, the Scientific and Technical Center for Emergency Operations at NPPs, Design and Engineering as well as Technological companies. In total, 37 power units with a total installed capacity of over 29.5 GW are in operation at 11 nuclear power plants in Russia. Machinery Manufacturing Plant, Joint-Stock Company (MSZ JSC, Elektrostal) is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of fuel for nuclear power plants. The company produces fuel assemblies for VVER-440, VVER-1000, RBMK-1000, BN-600,800, VK-50, EGP-6; powders and fuel pellets intended for supply to foreign customers. It also produces nuclear fuel for research reactors. The plant belongs to the TVEL Fuel Company of Rosatom.

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Rosatom obtained a license for the first land-based SMR in Russia

On April 21, Rosenergoatom obtained a license issued by Rostekhnadzor to construct the Yakutsk land-based SMR in the Ust-Yansky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

ROSATOM and FEDC agree to cooperate in the construction of Russia's first onshore SNPP

ROSATOM and FEDC have signed a cooperation agreement to build Russia's first onshore SNPP in Yakutia.

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

Rosatom develops nuclear fuel for modernized floating power units

Rosatom has completed the development of nuclear fuel for the RITM-200S small modular reactor designed for the upgraded floating power units.

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

First refuelling for Russia’s Akademik Lomonosov floating NPP

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aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

The FNPP includes two KLT-40S reactor units. In such reactors, nuclear fuel is not replaced in the same way as in standard NPPs – partial replacement of fuel once every 12-18 months. Instead, once every few years the entire reactor core is replaced with and a full load of fresh fuel.

The KLT-40S reactor cores have a number of advantages compared with standard NPPs. For the first time, a cassette core was used, which made it possible to increase the fuel cycle to 3-3.5 years before refuelling, and also reduce by one and a half times the fuel component in the cost of the electricity produced. The operating experience of the FNPP provided the basis for the design of the new series of nuclear icebreaker reactors (series 22220). Currently, three such icebreakers have been launched.

The Akademik Lomonosov was connected to the power grid in December 2019, and put into commercial operation in May 2020.

Electricity generation from the FNPP at the end of 2023 amounted to 194 GWh. The population of Pevek is just over 4,000 people. However, the plant can potentially provide electricity to a city with a population of up to 100,000. The FNPP solved two problems. Firstly, it replaced the retiring capacities of the Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant, which has been operating since 1974, as well as the Chaunskaya Thermal Power Plant, which is more than 70 years old. It also supplies power to the main mining enterprises located in western Chukotka. In September, a 490 km 110 kilovolt power transmission line was put into operation connecting Pevek and Bilibino.

Image courtesy of TVEL

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Friday, November 24, 2023

Russian offensive campaign assessment, november 24, 2023.

Christina Harward, Riley Bailey, Angelica Evans, Nicole Wolkov, Karolina Hird, and Frederick W. Kagan

November 24, 2023, 7:30pm ET  

Click  here  to see ISW’s interactive map of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This map is updated daily alongside the static maps present in this report.

Click  here  to see ISW’s 3D control of terrain topographic map of Ukraine. Use of a computer (not a mobile device) is strongly recommended for using this data-heavy tool.

Click  here  to access ISW’s archive of interactive time-lapse maps of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. These maps complement the static control-of-terrain map that ISW produces daily by showing a dynamic frontline. ISW will update this time-lapse map archive monthly.

Note: The data cut-off for this product was 2:30pm ET on November 24, and covers both November 23 and November 24 due to the fact that ISW did not publish a Campaign Assessment on November 23 in observance of the Thanksgiving Day holiday. ISW will cover subsequent reports in the November 25 Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment.

Ukrainian officials reported that Russian forces began a renewed offensive effort towards Avdiivka on November 22, although likely with weaker mechanized capabilities than in the previous offensive waves that occurred in October.  Ukrainian Tavriisk Group of Forces Commander Brigadier General Oleksandr Tarnavskyi reported on November 23 that Russian forces launched a “third wave” of assaults as part of the Russia offensive operation in the Avdiivka direction, and Tavriisk Group of Forces Spokesperson Colonel Oleksandr Shtupun stated that this “third wave” began on November 22.[1] Shtupun reported a 25 to 30 percent increase in Russian ground attacks near Avdiivka on November 22 and stated that Ukrainian forces repelled several Russian columns of roughly a dozen armored vehicles in total during assaults.[2] The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Ukrainian forces repelled at least 50 Russian assaults in the Avdiivka direction on November 23 and 24.[3] Russian sources claimed that Russian forces continued offensive operations on Avdiivka’s northern and southern flanks but did not characterize any Russian assaults as heavily mechanized.[4] Russian sources claimed that Russian forces continued to advance north of Avdiivka and made further gains in the industrial zone southeast of Avdiivka but did not make any territorial claims consistent with a successful renewed large-scale Russian offensive push.[5]

Shtupun stated that Ukrainian forces destroyed three Russian tanks and seven armored fighting vehicles on November 22, suggesting that Russian forces are currently conducting a smaller set of mechanized assaults than in October.[6] Ukrainian officials reported that Russian forces lost 50 tanks and 100 armored vehicles in renewed assaults on Avdiivka on October 19 and 15 tanks and 33 armored vehicles during the initial large, mechanized assaults on October 10.[7] Russian forces have lost a confirmed 197 damaged and destroyed vehicles in offensive operations near Avdiivka since October 9, and the Russian military appeared to spend the end of October and all of November preparing for a wave of highly attritional infantry-led ground assaults to compensate for these heavy-equipment losses.[8] Large infantry-led ground assaults will likely pose a significant threat to Ukrainian forces defending in the Avdiivka direction but will not lead to a rapid Russian advance in the area.

High-ranking Russian officials may be engaged in a wider scheme of forcibly adopting deported Ukrainian children.  BBC Panorama  and Russian opposition outlet  Vazhnye Istorii  published investigations on November 23 detailing how Just Russia Party leader Sergei Mironov adopted a 10-month-old Ukrainian girl whom Russian authorities forcibly deported from a Kherson City orphanage in autumn of 2022 alongside over 40 other children.[9] The investigations found that Mironov's new wife, Inna Varlamova, traveled to occupied Kherson Oblast, where occupation authorities issued her a power of attorney to deport two children—a 10-month-old girl and a two-year-old boy.[10] Both  BBC  and  Vazhnye Istorii  noted that Varlamova falsely introduced herself to the leadership of the children's home as the "head of children's affairs from Moscow," a position which she does not hold and that still would not legitimize the deportations of the children under international law.[11] Russian court documents show that Mironov and Varlamova then adopted the girl in November 2022, changed her name from her Ukrainian birth name to a new Russian name and the surname Mironova, and officially changed her place of birth from Kherson City to Podolsk, Russia.[12] Neither investigation could confirm the whereabouts of the two-year-old boy. Mironov notably responded to the investigation and called it a "fake from Ukrainian special services and their Western curators" meant to discredit him.[13]

Mironov and his wife, who reportedly holds a low-level unspecified position in the Russian Duma, follow in the footsteps of Russian Commissioner on Children's Rights Maria Lvova-Belova, who has also adopted at least one Ukrainian child from occupied Mariupol.[14] While ISW can only confirm that these two Russian officials have forcibly adopted deported Ukrainian children at this time, the adoptions may be indicative of a wider pattern in which Russian officials adopt deported children in order to legitimize the practice in the eyes of the Russian public. Russian politicians may be adopting deported Ukrainian children to set administrative and cultural precedents for wider adoptions of Ukrainian children to further escalate Russia's campaign to deport Ukrainians to Russia. ISW continues to assess that the forced deportation and adoption of Ukrainian children likely amounts to a violation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.[15]

Ukraine’s Western allies declared their commitment to further develop Ukrainian air defense capabilities during the 17th Ramstein Group virtual meeting on November 22.  Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that Germany and France will lead a coalition of 20 countries to further develop Ukraine’s air defenses, and Ukrainian Defense Minister Rustem Umerov added that the coalition will help Ukraine further develop its ground-based air defense systems.[16] Zelensky noted on November 23 that improved Ukrainian air defenses will save lives and resources, allow Ukrainian citizens to return from abroad, and deprive Russia of the ability to terrorize Ukraine.[17] Ramstein Group members also agreed on issues such as additional equipment and weapons for Ukraine during the winter of 2023–24, mine trawling and other security measures in the Black Sea, Ukraine’s NATO Interoperability Roadmap, and additional security assistance packages from the US, Germany, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Finland, the Netherlands, and Estonia.[18]

Russian President Vladimir Putin attended the Collective Security Treaty Organization’s (CSTO) Collective Security Council session in Minsk, Belarus on November 23 against the background of Armenia’s continued absence from recent CSTO events and exercises.  Putin attended the session alongside Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov, Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, and the CSTO’s Secretary General Imangali Tasmagambetov.[19] The summit marked the end of Belarus’ chairmanship of the CSTO, and Lukashenko stated that Kazakhstan will hold the chairmanship beginning December 31, 2023. Putin thanked the session’s attendees for contributing to the regional defense structure and highlighted expanding military-technical cooperation between CSTO member states. Putin stated during his bilateral meeting with Rahmon that Russia will deliver two air defense battalions equipped with S-300 air defense systems to Tajikistan as part of the CSTO’s unified air defense system.[20]

Russian sources widely noted Armenia’s absence from the CSTO summit on November 23.[21] Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan also did not attend the CSTO’s summit in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan on October 13 after Armenian forces refrained from participating in the CSTO “Indestructible Brotherhood-2023" exercises in early October.[22] Kremlin Spokesperson Dmitri Peskov stated on November 23 that the Kremlin regretted Armenia’s absence in Minsk but stated that Armenia remains “an ally and strategic partner” to Russia.[23] The Kremlin has previously attempted to dispel concerns about the deterioration of Russian-Armenian relations.[24] Kremlin newswire  TASS  reported that Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Mnatsakan Safaryan reiterated that Armenia is not considering leaving the CSTO or asking Russia to withdraw its forces from Russia’s 102nd Military Base in Gyumri, Armenia.[25]

Chinese businesses, including a prominent state-owned Chinese construction firm, are reportedly working with Russian businessmen to plan the construction of an underwater tunnel that would connect Russia with occupied Crimea.  The  Washington Post  reported on November 24 that it corroborated information in emails provided by Ukrainian intelligence services that detail the formation of a Russian-Chinese business consortium that aims to build an underwater tunnel along the Kerch Strait connecting Russia to occupied Crimea.[26] Vladimir Kalyuzhny, identified by the emails as the general director of the consortium, reportedly messaged the Crimean occupation representative to the Russian President, Georgy Muradov, and stated that he has a letter from Chinese business partners attesting to the Chinese Railway Construction Corporation’s (CRCC) readiness to participate as a general contractor for the tunnel project.[27] The CRCC is under the supervision of China’s state-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and is one of China’s largest construction firms.[28] The emails reportedly indicate that the CRCC stipulated that its involvement would occur through an unaffiliated legal entity and that an unnamed Chinese bank was willing to convert dollar funds into rubles to fund the consortium's projects.[29] Kalyuzhny, Crimean occupation head Sergei Aksyonov, and Kremlin Spokesperson Dmitri Peskov denied the  Washington Post ’s reporting.[30] The reported Russian interest in the tunnel project, which would likely take years to complete, is an additional indicator of deep Russian concern about the vulnerability of ground lines of communication (GLOCs) between Russia and occupied Crimea along the Kerch Strait Bridge.

European states are responding to Russia's continued orchestration of an artificially created migrant crisis on its northwestern borders.  The Finnish government announced on November 22 that Finland will close three more checkpoints on the Finnish-Russian border from November 23 to December 23, leaving only the northernmost checkpoint open.[31] Norwegian Prime Minister Johan Gahr Store stated on November 22 that Norway would also close its border to Russia “if necessary.“[32] Estonian Defense Minister Hanno Pevkur stated on November 23 that an increased number of migrants have also arrived at the Estonian-Russian border and that Russia is organizing the arrivals as part of an effort to “weaponize illegal immigration.”[33]  Reuters  reported on November 23 that the Estonian Interior Ministry stated   that Estonia has undertaken preparations to close its border crossings with Russia if “the migration pressure from Russia escalates.”[34] Latvian Prime Minister Evika Silina stated on November 24 that Latvia has experienced a similar influx of migrants on its border with Russia, and Silina and Finnish Prime Minister Petteri Orpo stated that these are Russian and Belarusian “hybrid attacks.”[35] Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson Maria Zakharova accused Finland on November 22 of “stirring up Russophobic sentiments” and interrupting border services that were an integral part of Russian–Finnish cooperation.[36] ISW previously assessed that Russia is employing a known hybrid warfare tactic similar to Russia’s and Belarus’s creation of a migrant crisis on the Polish border in 2021 that is likely similarly aimed at destabilizing NATO.[37]

The Russian Strelkov (Igor Girkin) Movement (RDS) called prior Russian regional elections and the upcoming Russian presidential election illegitimate, likely in an effort to establish Girkin’s inevitable presidential election loss as a long-standing grievance. [38] The RDS Congress issued a resolution on November 24 in which it claimed that unspecified actors are doing everything possible to preserve the existing system of power in Russia regardless of the political situation or Russian citizens’ will.[39] The RDS Congressional resolution issued a list of demands for Russian election reform and claimed that the RDS would not recognize any future elections as legitimate if the Russian government does not meet these demands.[40]

Russian law enforcement reportedly detained about 700 migrants at a warehouse in Moscow Oblast and issued some military summonses, likely as part of an ongoing effort to coerce migrants into Russian military service. [41] Russian sources reported on November 24 that Russian police and Rosgvardia raided a Wildberries (Russia’s largest online retailer) warehouse in Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast looking for migrants who had recently acquired Russian citizenship.[42] Russian law enforcement reportedly took about 135 detained migrants with Russian citizenship and transferred them to military registration and enlistment offices.[43] An unspecified Russian law enforcement official told Russian news outlet  Interfax  that Russian law enforcement conducted the raid as part of “Operation Migrant,” which aims to ensure that all naturalized citizens are registered for military service and issue them military summonses.[44] A Russian source claimed that Russian law enforcement also conducted a raid near the Wildberries warehouse on November 23, fined 16 migrants for violating migration protocols, and deported three.[45] The Wildberries press service stated this mass detention of migrants interrupted company’s shipments and put billions of dollars at risk.[46]

The Kremlin is reportedly renewing attempts to control all video surveillance systems in Russia, likely as part of ongoing efforts to intensify its tools of digital authoritarianism to increase domestic repressions.  The Russian Ministry of Digital Development proposed an initiative to create a unified platform for storing and processing footage from all video surveillance systems in Russia, which would reportedly cost 12 billion rubles (about $134 million).[47]  Kommersant  reported that there are about 1.2 million surveillance cameras in Russia, about half of which are currently accessible to the Russian government.[48] The Russian Ministry of Digital Development reportedly plans to increase the number of surveillance cameras across Russia to five million by 2030 and integrate all of them with facial and image recognition software.[49]  Kommersant  also noted that the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations attempted a similar initiative in 2020 to 2022 as part of the Hardware and Software Complex “Safe City” project aimed at standardizing and installing surveillance systems with artificial intelligence software in Russian regions but faced criticism from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and Russian Ministry of Economy.[50]

Key Takeaways:

  • Ukrainian officials reported that Russian forces began a renewed offensive effort towards Avdiivka on November 22, although likely with weaker mechanized capabilities than in the previous offensive waves that occurred in October.
  • High-ranking Russian officials may be engaged in a wider scheme of forcibly adopting deported Ukrainian children.
  • Ukraine’s Western allies declared their commitment to further develop Ukrainian air defense capabilities during the 17th Ramstein Group virtual meeting on November 22.
  • Russian President Vladimir Putin attended the Collective Security Treaty Organization’s (CSTO) Collective Security Council session in Minsk, Belarus on November 23 against the background of Armenia’s continued absence from recent CSTO events and exercises.
  • Chinese businesses, including a prominent state-owned Chinese construction firm, are reportedly working with Russian businessmen to plan the construction of an underwater tunnel that would connect Russia with occupied Crimea.
  • European states are responding to Russia's continued orchestration of an artificially created migrant crisis on its northwestern borders.
  • The Russian Strelkov (Igor Girkin) Movement (RDS) called prior Russian regional elections and the upcoming Russian presidential election illegitimate, likely in an effort to establish Girkin’s inevitable presidential election loss as a long-standing grievance.
  • Russian law enforcement reportedly detained about 700 migrants at a warehouse in Moscow Oblast and issued some military summonses, likely as part of an ongoing effort to coerce migrants into Russian military service.
  • The Kremlin is reportedly renewing attempts to control all video surveillance systems in Russia, likely as part of ongoing efforts to intensify its tools of digital authoritarianism to increase domestic repressions.
  • Russian forces conducted ground attacks along the Svatove-Kreminna line, near Bakhmut, near Avdiivka, west and southwest of Donetsk City, in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area, and in western Zaporizhia Oblast and marginally advanced in some areas.
  • The Russian aviation industry is likely under significant constraints due to international sanctions and demands from the Russian defense industrial base (DIB).
  • The Russian occupation authorities continue efforts to indoctrinate Ukrainian children in occupied Ukraine into Russian national and cultural identities.

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

We do not report in detail on Russian war crimes because these activities are well-covered in Western media and do not directly affect the military operations we are assessing and forecasting. We will continue to evaluate and report on the effects of these criminal activities on the Ukrainian military and the Ukrainian population and specifically on combat in Ukrainian urban areas. We utterly condemn Russian violations of the laws of armed conflict and the Geneva Conventions and crimes against humanity even though we do not describe them in these reports.

  • Russian Main Effort – Eastern Ukraine (comprised of two subordinate main efforts)
  • Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Capture the remainder of Luhansk Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast and encircle northern Donetsk Oblast
  • Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Capture the entirety of Donetsk Oblast
  • Russian Supporting Effort – Southern Axis
  • Russian Mobilization and Force Generation Efforts
  • Russian Technological Adaptations
  • Activities in Russian-occupied areas

Russian Information Operations and Narratives

Russian Main Effort – Eastern Ukraine

Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Luhansk Oblast  (Russian objective: Capture the remainder of Luhansk Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast and northern Donetsk Oblast)

Russian forces continued offensive operations along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line on November 23 and 24 but did not make any confirmed advances. The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces unsuccessfully attacked in the Kupyansk direction northeast of Petropavlivka (7km east of Kupyansk) and near Synkivka (8km northeast of Kupyansk), Ivanivka (20km southeast of Kupyansk), and Stelmakhivka (25km northwest of Svatove) but did not conduct any offensive operations in the Lyman direction.[51] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Russian forces marginally advanced east of Petropavlivka.[52] A prominent Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces conducted unsuccessful offensive operations from Orlyanka (22km east of Kupyansk) and near Petropavlivka.[53] Another Russian milblogger claimed on November 24 that Russian forces are having widespread issues with electronic warfare (EW) systems along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line, causing unnecessary casualties due to otherwise preventable drone strikes.[54] Ukrainian military observer Kostyantyn Mashovets stated on November 23 that Russian forces transferred an unspecified battalion of the Russian 380th Motorized Rifle Regiment (47th Tank Division, 1st Guards Tank Army, Western Military District) from Kursk Oblast to positions near Raihorodka (12km west of Svatove).[55] Chechen Republic Head Ramzan Kadyrov claimed that the “Amura” detachment of Chechen “Akhmat” Spetsnaz are operating in the Serebryanske forest area (10km southwest of Kreminna).[56]

Ukrainian forces continued offensive operations along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line on November 23 and 24 and reportedly advanced on an unspecified date. The Ukrainian State Border Guards published footage on November 24 showing Ukrainian forces advancing and capturing Russian positions in an unspecified area of the Svatove direction on an unspecified date.[57] The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) claimed on November 23 and 24 that Russian forces repelled Ukrainian attacks near Vilshana (15km northeast of Kupyansk) and Hryhorivka (10km south of Kreminna).[58] Russian milbloggers claimed that Ukrainian forces counterattacked along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line and that fighting continues near Torske (15km west of Kreminna) and the Serebryanske forest area.[59]

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Donetsk Oblast  (Russian objective: Capture the entirety of Donetsk Oblast, the claimed territory of Russia’s proxies in Donbas)

The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) claimed that Ukrainian forces unsuccessfully attacked in the Bakhmut area near Klishchiivka (7km southwest of Bakhmut) on November 23.[60]

Russian forces conducted offensive operations near Bakhmut on November 23 and 24 and made confirmed advances. Geolocated footage published on November 22 and 23 indicates that Russian forces advanced north of Klishchiivka.[61] Russian sources claimed that Russian forces advanced near Bohdanivka (6km northwest of Bakhmut), the Berkhivka reservoir (about 2km northwest of Bakhmut), Klishchiivka, and the railway near Andriivka (10km southwest of Bakhmut).[62] The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces unsuccessfully attacked near Bohdanivka, Ivanivske (6km west of Bakhmut), Klishchiivka, and Andriivka.[63] Russian milbloggers claimed that fighting continued near the railway north of Klishchiivka and the heights west of the settlement, which a Russian source claimed that Ukrainian forces continued to control as of November 23.[64] One Russian source claimed on November 23 that Klishchiivka is a contested “gray zone.”[65] Ukrainian military sources stated on November 23 and 24 that Russian forces in the Bakhmut direction are focusing on small tactical gains, probing the frontline, and conducting drone strikes at night.[66] A Ukrainian sergeant operating in the Bakhmut direction characterized fighting in his sector of the front on November 24 as "static, trench warfare."[67] The Russian MoD reported that elements of the Russian 106th Airborne (VDV) Division are operating in the Bakhmut direction.[68] Russian sources claimed that elements of the 58th Separate Spetsnaz Battalion (1st Donetsk People’s Republic [DNR] Corps) are also operating in the Bakhmut direction.[69]

Russian sources claimed that Ukrainian forces conducted offensive operations northwest of Horlivka (20km south of Bakhmut) but did not make any claimed or confirmed advances on November 23 or 24. A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Ukrainian forces unsuccessfully attacked near Mayorske (6km northwest of Horlivka).[70] Another Russian milblogger claimed on November 24 that there are meeting engagements near the waste heap northwest of Horlivka.[71]

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Ukrainian forces unsuccessfully counterattacked near Avdiivka southwest and west of Krasnohorivka (5km northeast of Avdiivka).[72]

Russian forces conducted offensive operations near Avdiivka but did not make any confirmed gains on November 23 and 24. Russian sources claimed that Russian forces advanced south of the Avdiivka Coke Plant northwest of Avdiivka; near the railways north and northwest of Krasnohorivka; in and near the industrial zone southeast of Avdiivka; near Novobakhmutivka (12km northwest of Avdiivka), Novokalynove (13km northeast of Avdiivka), Stepove (3km northwest of Avdiivka), Sieverne (6km west of Avdiivka), and Tonenke (5km west of Avdiivka); and in the direction of Keramik (14km northwest of Avdiivka), Berdychi (5km northwest of Avdiivka), and the “Tsarska Okhota” restaurant south of Avdiivka.[73] Russian sources also claimed that Russian forces attacked northwest of Avdiivka near Novobakhmutivka, Novokalynove, Stepove, Krasnohorivka, and the coke plant; south and southwest of Avdiivka near Pervomaiske (10km southwest of Avdiivka), Vodyane (7km southwest of Avdiivka), and Optyne (4km south of Avdiivka); and southeast of Avdiivka near the industrial zone.[74] Russian milbloggers claimed on November 23 that Russian forces conducted reconnaissance-in-force near Stepove, Vodyane, and Sieverne.[75] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Russian forces advanced 150-200 meters in the direction of Novokalynove and Ocheretyne (15km northwest of Avdiivka), but ISW has not observed visual evidence of this claim.[76] A Russian source claimed on November 22 that Russian forces control 80 percent of the industrial zone southeast of Avdiivka, and later claimed on November 24 that Russian forces control 95 percent of the area.[77] Another Russian source claimed on November 24 that Russian forces control the entire industrial zone but acknowledged that this claim is based on unconfirmed preliminary information.[78] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Russian forces are pushing Ukrainian forces out of Stepove but that Ukrainian forces still control a part of the settlement.[79] The Ukrainian General Staff reported on November 23 and 24 that Russian forces unsuccessfully attacked east of Novokalynove and Novobakhmutivka; north of Lastochkyne (5km west of Avdiivka); and near Stepove, Pervomaiske, Sieverne, Avdiivka.[80] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 24 that Russian helicopters have to fly at very low altitudes to avoid Ukrainian air defense systems near Avdiivka.[81] Ukrainian Avdiivka Military Administration Head Vitaliy Barabash stated that Russian forces are struggling to use a large amount of military equipment due to weather conditions.[82]

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

Ukrainian forces did not conduct any claimed or confirmed offensive operations west and southwest of Donetsk City on November 23 and 24.

Russian forces conducted offensive operations west and southwest of Donetsk City but did not make any claimed or confirmed advances on November 23 and 24. The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces unsuccessfully attacked near Marinka (on the western outskirts of Donetsk City) and Novomykhailivka (10km southwest of Donetsk City).[83] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Russian forces conducted offensive operations in Marinka but did not specify an outcome.[84]

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

Russian Supporting Effort – Southern Axis  (Russian objective: Maintain frontline positions and secure rear areas against Ukrainian strikes)

Russian sources continued offensive operations in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area on November 23 and 24 but did not make any claimed or confirmed advances. The Ukrainian General Staff reported unsuccessful Russian assaults near and southwest of Staromayorske (10km south of Velyka Novosilka) on November 23 and 24.[85] The Russian Vostok Battalion, which is operating in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area, claimed on November 24 that Russian forces currently have an advantage in terms of fire power in this direction.[86] Russian sources additionally claimed that Russian forces attacked near Staromayorske and Urozhaine (10km south of Velyka Novosilka) on the evening of November 22 and throughout November 23, and northwest of Staromayorske on November 24.[87] Geolocated footage posted on November 23 shows elements of the 336th Naval Infantry Brigade (Baltic Fleet) operating a Lancet drone against Ukrainian positions near Vesele (33km southwest of Velyka Novosilka).[88]

Russian sources claimed that Ukrainian forces conducted limited and unsuccessful counterattacks in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area on November 23 and 24. The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) reported on November 23 and 24 that Ukrainian forces unsuccessfully attacked near Pryyutne (15km southwest of Velyka Novosilka) and elsewhere in the overall southern Donetsk Oblast direction.[89] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Ukrainian forces are trying to activate north of Pryytune and north of Novomayorske (18km southeast of Velyka Novosilka) but emphasized that Ukrainian forces are largely on the defensive on this sector of the front.[90]

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

Russian forces continued offensive operations in western Zaporizhia Oblast on November 23 and 24 and made confirmed advances. Geolocated footage published on November 24 shows that Russian forces have marginally advanced southwest of Novopokrovka, about 9km northeast of Robotyne.[91] A Russian airborne (VDV) affiliated milblogger claimed on November 24 that elements of the 7th VDV Division, including the 108th Air Assault Regiment, recaptured positions north of Verbove (10km east of Robotyne and 5km south of Novopokrovka), which generally coincides with confirmation of Russian advances in the area southwest of Novopokrovka.[92] The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces unsuccessfully attempted to improve their positions near Robotyne on November 23 and conducted unsuccessful assaults near Robotyne, Novopokrovka, and west of Verbove on November 24.[93]

Ukrainian forces continued counteroffensive operations in western Zaporizhia Oblast on November 23 and 24 and made confirmed advances. Geolocated footage published on November 22 shows that Ukrainian forces have recaptured the westernmost trench in a series of three trenches that lie about 1km southwest of Robotyne, and other geolocated footage published on November 23 shows that Ukrainian forces have also made advances further west of the westernmost trench.[94] Additional geolocated footage posted on November 22 and 23 indicates that Ukrainian forces have marginally advanced near the T0408 Orikhiv-Tokmak highway north of Novoprokopivka (just south of Robotyne), between the outskirts of the aforementioned trench system and the northern outskirts of Novoprokopivka.[95] Russian milbloggers widely claimed on November 23 and 24 that Ukrainian forces launched a renewed attack on Russian positions along the Robotyne-Verbove line with up to 100 personnel, five armored vehicles, and one Western-provided tank.[96] The Russian MoD claimed that Russian forces repelled Ukrainian attacks near Robotyne and Verbove on November 24, and the Ukrainian General Staff reported that Ukrainian forces continued offensive operations in the Melitopol (western Zaporizhia Oblast) direction on November 23 and 24.[97]

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

Ukrainian forces continued combat operations on the (east) left bank of the Dnipro River on November 23 and 24, and both Ukrainian and Russian forces have made confirmed gains in Krynky (30km northeast of Kherson City and 2km from the Dnipro River). Russian milbloggers claimed that Ukrainian forces intensified attacks on the forest area near Krynky on November 23, and then claimed on November 24 that elements of the Russian 810th Naval Infantry Brigade (Black Sea Fleet) and 144th Motorized Rifle Brigade (of the 40th Army Corps of the newly formed 18th Combined Arms Army) counterattacked and knocked Ukrainian forces out of positions in the forest areas near Krynky.[98] Geolocated footage published on November 23 confirms that both Russian and Ukrainian forces have advanced within Krynky, suggesting that intense fighting is ongoing in the settlement and positions are frequently changing hands.[99] Russian sources claimed that elements of the 188th and 144th brigades are facing extremely poor conditions and a lack of resources while trying to defend the Krynky area.[100] Ukrainian military officials confirmed that Ukrainian forces maintain positions on the east bank of Kherson Oblast.[101]

aiou solved assignment 2023 autumn

Russian sources claimed that Ukrainian forces launched a large-scale drone strike against occupied Crimea on the night of November 23 to 24. A prominent Russian milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces launched a total of 13 drones in three waves from Kherson Oblast towards railway and military infrastructure in occupied Crimea.[102] Kherson Oblast occupation head Vladimir Saldo claimed that this was one of the largest Ukrainian air attacks on occupied Crimea since the beginning of the war.[103] The Russian MoD claimed that Russian air defense shot down all 13 drones over Crimea, and that Black Sea Fleet naval aviation also hit 12 unmanned aerial boats traveling towards Crimea.[104]

Russian Mobilization and Force Generation Efforts  (Russian objective: Expand combat power without conducting general mobilization)

The Russian aviation industry is likely facing significant constraints due to international sanctions and demands from the Russian defense industrial base (DIB). The Ukrainian Main Military Intelligence Directorate (GUR) reported on November 23 that it obtained many documents from the Russian Federal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviatsiya) detailing widespread issues within the Russian aviation industry.[105] The GUR reported that the documents show that there were 185 civil aviation accidents and 150 cases of technical malfunctions in the first nine months of 2023.[106] The GUR reported that the Russian aviation industry is transferring large portions of aircraft maintenance assets to Iran, where repairs occur without certification, due to a lack of repair capacity and specialists in Russia.[107] Russian aviation enterprises are reportedly increasingly using existing planes for component for new production.[108] The Russian United Aircraft Corporation announced on November 22 that it transferred a new batch of Su-34 frontline bombers manufactured at the Novosibirsk Aviation Plant to the Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD).[109] Widespread constraints on the civil aviation industry are likely also impacting defense aviation enterprises in Russia, but Russian officials are likely prioritizing military aviation production over the maintenance and production of civil aircraft.

Russian courts have reportedly considered over 4,000 criminal cases against Russian personnel for the unauthorized abandonment of their units since the start of partial mobilization. Russian opposition outlet  Mediazona  reported on November 24 that Russian courts considered 4,121 criminal cases for the unauthorized abandonment of a military unit and ruled in 3,740 cases as of November 21.[110]  Mediazona  reported that Russian courts have delivered sentences to roughly 100 Russian personnel a week on average since June 2023.[111]

Russian personnel from Russian federal subjects (regions) in Siberia and the Far East continue to represent a disproportionate number of Russian casualties in Ukraine. The  BBC  reported on November 24 that confirmed Russian military deaths per 10,000 males aged 16 to 61 in federal subjects of Russia show that the highest proportions of death happen in Siberian and Far Eastern regions.[112] The five highest proportions of military deaths occurred in the Tuva Republic (48.6 deaths), Republic of Buryatia (36.7 deaths), Nenets Autonomous Okrug (30 deaths), Altai Republic (26.5 deaths), and Transbaikal Krai (26.2 deaths).[113] St. Petersburg and Moscow have the lowest proportion of confirmed deaths with 2.5 and 1 per 10,000, respectively.[114]

Russian authorities continue to prevent the relatives of mobilized personnel from holding rallies calling for the demobilization of their relatives. Russian independent investigative outlet  Verstka  reported on November 23 that Russian authorities denied five applications for rallies by relatives of mobilized personnel in Moscow, Chelyabinsk, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, and Krasnoyarsk.[115] Russian opposition outlet  SOTA  reported that Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin denied an appeal to his office’s decision to refuse permits for a rally in support of demobilization by citing COVID-19 public health restrictions.[116] Russian opposition outlet  Mobilization News  reported that officials in Novosibirsk Oblast accepted demands from relatives of mobilized personnel that would cap mobilization periods at a year with rotations no less than every three months.[117] ISW cannot confirm that any Russian officials have accepted conditions from relatives to set forth terms for mobilization.

Russian Technological Adaptations  (Russian objective: Introduce technological innovations to optimize systems for use in Ukraine)

Russian state-owned defense conglomerate Rostec debuted its new “Chistyulya” portable anti-drone system on November 24.[118] The device reportedly weighs eight kilograms (about 18 pounds) and can suppress drones within a one-kilometer radius.[119] Russian opposition outlet  Vazhnye Istorii  ( iStories)  reported that Chinese online retail service AliExpress sells a similar product with almost the same specifications.[120]

Activities in Russian-occupied areas  (Russian objective: Consolidate administrative control of annexed areas; forcibly integrate Ukrainian citizens into Russian sociocultural, economic, military, and governance systems)

The Russian occupation authorities continue efforts to indoctrinate Ukrainian children into Russian national and cultural identities. The Ukrainian Resistance Center reported on November 23 that the Kremlin instructed occupation authorities to ensure that 70 percent of Ukrainian students in occupied areas participate in educational exchange programs in Russia.[121] The Ukrainian Resistance Center reported that Russian occupation schools have started efforts aimed at indoctrinating as early as first grade.[122] The Luhansk People’s Republic (LNR) Militia claimed on November 24 that 248 children from occupied Luhansk Oblast returned from a trip to Moscow City that the Kremlin-funded pseudo-volunteer “Movement of the First” youth organization planned.[123] Donetsk People’s Republic (DNR) Head Denis Pushilin claimed on November 23 that over 60 students from occupied Donetsk Oblast are currently studying at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), an institute of higher education subordinate to the Russian Foreign Ministry.[124] Ukrainian Mariupol City Advisor Petro Andryushchenko published footage on November 23 showing Russian military personnel teaching children from occupied Zaporizhia Oblast basic military skills at an event in occupied Sevastopol, Crimea.[125]

Nothing significant to report.

Significant activity in Belarus  (Russian efforts to increase its military presence in Belarus and further integrate Belarus into Russian-favorable frameworks and Wagner Group activity in Belarus)

Belarusian military leadership reportedly hopes to increase the combat capabilities of Belarusian forces by equipping them with new drones and armored personnel carriers. Ukrainian military observer Kostyantyn Mashovets stated on November 24 that Belarus’ military leadership will equip Belarusian artillery brigades with Russian-produced “Supercam” S350 drones in early 2024.[126] Mashovets stated that Belarusian artillery brigades are currently equipped with quadcopter drones that do not provide adequate fire control and adjustment and that the Russian-produced drones have an increased range. Mashovets added that Belarusian forces are also testing the Belarusian-produced Volat V2 armored personnel carrier at the 227th Combined Arms Training Ground in Borisov, Belarus.

Note: ISW does not receive any classified material from any source, uses only publicly available information, and draws extensively on Russian, Ukrainian, and Western reporting and social media as well as commercially available satellite imagery and other geospatial data as the basis for these reports. References to all sources used are provided in the endnotes of each update.

[1] https://t.me/otarnavskiy/354 ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/rosijski-okupanty-chotyry-razy-namagalysya-vidnovyty-vtracheni-ranishe-pozycziyi-u-rajoni-robotynogo-oleksandr-shtupun/

[2] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-november-22-2023 ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/rosijski-okupanty-chotyry-razy-namagalysya-vidnovyty-vtracheni-ranishe-pozycziyi-u-rajoni-robotynogo-oleksandr-shtupun/

[3] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[4] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12516 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497 ; https://t.me/TRO_DPR/13280 ; https://t.me/dntskmedia/210 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4947 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69780 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/multi_XAM/976 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104620 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641 ; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/TRO_DPR/13280 ; https://t.me/dntskmedia/210 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587

[5] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/vozhak_Z/535 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12537

[6] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/rosijski-okupanty-chotyry-razy-namagalysya-vidnovyty-vtracheni-ranishe-pozycziyi-u-rajoni-robotynogo-oleksandr-shtupun/

[7] https://isw.pub/UkrWar101223 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar102123

[8] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-november-1-2023-0

[9] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67488646; https://storage.googleapis.com/istories/stories/2023/11/23/mironov-i-deti/index.html?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=mainpage; https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3404 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42804 ; https://t.me/sotaproject/69754 https://www.severreal.org/a/vazhnye-istorii-deputat-mironov-usynovil-pohischennogo-iz-ukrainy-rebenka/32696503.html?nocache=1; https://t.me/severrealii/21443

[10] https://storage dot googleapis.com/istories/stories/2023/11/23/mironov-i-deti/index.html?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=mainpage ; https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3404 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42804 ; https://t.me/sotaproject/69754 https://www.severreal.org/a/vazhnye-istorii-deputat-mironov-usynovil-pohischennogo-iz-ukrainy-rebenka/32696503.html?nocache=1; https://t.me/severrealii/21443

[11] https://storage dot googleapis.com/istories/stories/2023/11/23/mironov-i-deti/index.html?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=mainpage ; https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3404 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42804 ; https://t.me/sotaproject/69754 https://www.severreal.org/a/vazhnye-istorii-deputat-mironov-usynovil-pohischennogo-iz-ukrainy-rebenka/32696503.html?nocache=1; https://t.me/severrealii/21443

[12] y. https://storage dot googleapis.com/istories/stories/2023/11/23/mironov-i-deti/index.html?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=mainpage ; https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3404 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42804 ; https://t.me/sotaproject/69754 https://www.severreal.org/a/vazhnye-istorii-deputat-mironov-usynovil-pohischennogo-iz-ukrainy-rebenka/32696503.html?nocache=1; https://t.me/severrealii/21443

[13] https://twitter.com/mironov_ru/status/1727649749107405152

[14] https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-november-26; https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67488646

[15] https://isw.pub/RusCampaignAugust23; https://isw.pub/UkrWar102622; https://isw.pub/UkrWar111222

[16] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/22/ukrayinskyj-povitryanyj-shhyt-staye-sylnishym-za-pidsumkamy-ramshtajnu-stvoreno-koalicziyu-ppo-prezydent/ ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/22/uspih-nashogo-maksymalnogo-yednannya/ ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/22/rustem-umyerov-rozpoviv-pro-osnovni-rezultaty-17-yi-zustrichi-kontaktnoyi-grupy-z-pytan-oborony-ukrayiny/

[17] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/volodymyr-zelenskyj-posylennya-ppo-cze-najkrashha-strategichna-investycziya-v-bezpeku/

[18] https://t.me/SJTF_Odes/3015 ; https://t.me/spravdi/34838 ; https://t.me/rustem_umerov_mo/324?single

[19] http://kremlin dot ru/events/president/news/72800

[20] https://t.me/rybar/54424 ; https://www.rbc dot ru/politics/22/11/2023/655de2d29a794726821e31cf

[21] https://t.me/belarusian_silovik/26084 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29527 ; https://t.me/youlistenedmayak/29551 ; https://meduza dot io/news/2023/11/23/v-minske-proshel-sammit-odkb-na-kotorom-ne-bylo-armenii-v-kremle-skazali-chto-sozhaleyut-ob-etom ; https://tass dot ru/politika/19364435

[22] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-october-11-2023

[23] https://t.me/youlistenedmayak/29551 ; https://meduza dot io/news/2023/11/23/v-minske-proshel-sammit-odkb-na-kotorom-ne-bylo-armenii-v-kremle-skazali-chto-sozhaleyut-ob-etom ; https://tass dot ru/politika/19364435

[24] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-october-13-2023

[25] https://tass dot ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/19362479 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69802

[26] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/ ;https://archive.ph/14Cs9

[27] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/

[28] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/ ; https://www1.hkexnews dot hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2008/0229/01186_295219/c118.pdf

[29] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/

[30] https://t.me/Aksenov82/3558 ; https://t.me/rbc_news/84650 ; https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/

[31] https://yle dot fi/a/74-20061648 ; https://yle dot fi/a/74-20061790

[32] https://www.tv2 dot no/nyheter/innenriks/store-apner-for-a-stenge-grensen-til-russland/16241924/

[33] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/23/finland-russia-border-frontex-guards/56d1535e-8a01-11ee-a36e-fdb7be9bd43d_story.html ; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/23/estonia-accuses-russia-weaponising-immigration-europe-borders?fbclid=IwAR2ihstSYs9G-XLxNOdGQJqEYksIMSgZDFsG-AHyXjlb41IlMDBsiJDXV9k

[34] https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/estonia-accuses-russia-helping-migrants-its-border-2023-11-22/

[35] https://www.hs dot fi/politiikka/art-2000010015707.html

[36] https://mid dot ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/1916562/

[37] https://isw.pub/UkrWar112023

[38] https://t.me/RDS_Official_channel/323

[39] https://t.me/RDS_Official_channel/323

[40] https://t.me/RDS_Official_channel/323

[41] https://t.me/readovkanews/69861 ; https://meduza dot io/news/2023/11/24/politsiya-ustroila-reyd-na-sklade-wildberries-v-podmoskovie-rabotayuschim-tam-migrantam-vydali-povestki-v-voenkomat

[42] https://t.me/bazabazon/23176

[43] https://t.me/bazabazon/23176 ; https://t.me/bazabazon/23168

[44] https://www.interfax dot ru/russia/933030

[45] https://t.me/breakingmash/49613

[46] https://www.interfax dot ru/russia/933030

[47] https://www.kommersant dot ru/doc/6352767

[48] https://www.kommersant dot ru/doc/6352767

[49] https://www.kommersant dot ru/doc/6352767

[50] https://www.kommersant dot ru/doc/6352767

[51] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel

[52] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312

[53] https://t.me/wargonzo/16616

[54] https://t.me/notes_veterans/13679

[55] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1422

[56] https://t.me/RKadyrov_95/4189

[57] https://t.me/luhanskaVTSA/15319 ; https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=885352229454340

[58] https://t.me/mod_russia/32771 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32783 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32771 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32782 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32796 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32798

[59] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12527

[60] https://t.me/mod_russia/32771 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32784

[61]https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727431258094096727; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727431261483065354; https://t.me/supernova_plus/25983 ; https://t.me/WarArchive_ua/7747

[62] https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4969

[63] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ;

https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[64] https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587

[65] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312

[66] https://suspilne dot media/624211-vijskovi-rf-vikoristovuut-nicni-droni-kamikadze-situacia-na-doneckomu-napramku/ ; https://suspilne dot media/624057-rosijski-okupanti-pocinaut-gnati-pihotu-na-oboh-flangah-bahmuta-nacalnik-stabu-artilerii-4-brigadi-ngu-rubiz/

[67] https://suspilne dot media/624211-vijskovi-rf-vikoristovuut-nicni-droni-kamikadze-situacia-na-doneckomu-napramku/

[68] https://t.me/mod_russia/32799

[69] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57079 ; https://t.me/nm_dnr/11303 ; https://t.me/prigozhin_2023_tg/4981 ; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57125

[70] https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497

[71] https://t.me/wargonzo/16641

[72] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312

[73] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12516 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497 ; https://t.me/TRO_DPR/13280 ; https://t.me/dntskmedia/210 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4947 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69780 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/multi_XAM/976 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104620 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641

[74] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/TRO_DPR/13280 ; https://t.me/dntskmedia/210 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12525 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12527 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12537 ; https://t.me/rybar/54467 ; https://t.me/vozhak_Z/535 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104620

[75] https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12516 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313

[76] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059

[77] https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12537

[78] https://t.me/vozhak_Z/535

[79] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4947

[80] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[81] https://t.me/wargonzo/16652

[82] https://www.unian dot ua/war/viyna-v-ukrajini-ochilnik-avdijivskoji-mva-rozkriv-osoblivosti-tretoji-hvili-ataki-voroga-na-misto-12465069.html ; https://uazmi dot org/news/post/deb6e23cc6342579fa47d4729e851ee9

[83] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl

[84] https://t.me/wargonzo/16616

[85] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[86] https://t.me/batalyon_vostok/262 ; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57117

[87] https://t.me/readovkanews/69780; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641

[88] https://t.me/voin_dv/6052

[89] https://t.me/mod_russia/32769; https://t.me/mod_russia/32804

[90] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312

[91] https://t.me/WarArchive_ua/7773

[92] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4965; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4970

[93] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel

[94] https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727442323532058769; https://t.me/BOBRMORF/379; https://t.me/BOBRMORF/384; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727659572016623866

[95] https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727660505400062155; https://t.me/BOBRMORF/385; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727660507891384702; https://t.me/BOBRMORF/378; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727435788709954013

[96] https://t.me/vrogov/12990; https://t.me/dva_majors/29520; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4937; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4943; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4945; https://t.me/readovkanews/69780; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828; https://t.me/rusich_army/11904

[97] https://t.me/mod_russia/32805; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel

[98] https://t.me/rybar/54430; https://t.me/dva_majors/29577; https://t.me/rybar/54455; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587 h ttps://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12527; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russia%E2%80%99s-military-restructuring-and-expansion-hindered-ukraine-war

[99] https://t.me/Dnepro_Rub/1557; https://twitter.com/foosint/status/1727919802918830457; https://twitter.com/foosint/status/1727919806471348351; https://twitter.com/flyingskullua/status/1727722394880500193; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727984954976403787

[100] https://t.me/rodinarussia27/2194; https://t.me/rodinarussia27/2197

[101] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel; https://t.me/SJTF_Odes/3008 ; https://t.me/SJTF_Odes/3009 ; https://www.facebook.com/OperationalCommandSouth/posts/pfbid0qzuZF1DBCpNHK4SiGpLBkyWUEt8TdFWHxsgERVcdJB69xHyQeyrRmVv6i9N45Tzbl?__cft__[0]=AZX_yXRg0PhWdAMRDcLNdsdvwUHV3xvYw3A7ULkA2T8O8RCjUtVLfFssQtGb6gryywgbko0aEBZK-LrcgQt0KRZyfHCerftsXjDEFkiuBNXppyoUAgXcQ-CMtpMu0DRW0jaO1UdTbcM6td2bQM5GRdhrFQ5C3k65K1klczfSOGgr0hez9UKYtoW7OWrQ6hhWxag&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[102] https://t.me/rybar/54448

[103] https://t.me/SALDO_VGA/1466

[104] https://t.me/mod_russia/32805; https://t.me/mod_russia/32794

[105] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/voyenna-rozvidka-ukrayiny-pid-chas-kiberspeczoperacziyi-otrymala-dostup-do-zakrytyh-dokumentiv-rosaviacziyi/ ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://gur dot gov.ua/content/voienna-rozvidka-ukrainy-zdiisnyla-kiberspetsoperatsiiu-shchodo-rosaviatsii-sanktsii-pryskoriuiut-aviakolaps-rf.html ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3126

[106] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/voyenna-rozvidka-ukrayiny-pid-chas-kiberspeczoperacziyi-otrymala-dostup-do-zakrytyh-dokumentiv-rosaviacziyi/ ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://gur dot gov.ua/content/voienna-rozvidka-ukrainy-zdiisnyla-kiberspetsoperatsiiu-shchodo-rosaviatsii-sanktsii-pryskoriuiut-aviakolaps-rf.html ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3126

[107] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/voyenna-rozvidka-ukrayiny-pid-chas-kiberspeczoperacziyi-otrymala-dostup-do-zakrytyh-dokumentiv-rosaviacziyi/ ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://gur dot gov.ua/content/voienna-rozvidka-ukrainy-zdiisnyla-kiberspetsoperatsiiu-shchodo-rosaviatsii-sanktsii-pryskoriuiut-aviakolaps-rf.html ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3126

[108] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/voyenna-rozvidka-ukrayiny-pid-chas-kiberspeczoperacziyi-otrymala-dostup-do-zakrytyh-dokumentiv-rosaviacziyi/ ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://gur dot gov.ua/content/voienna-rozvidka-ukrainy-zdiisnyla-kiberspetsoperatsiiu-shchodo-rosaviatsii-sanktsii-pryskoriuiut-aviakolaps-rf.html ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3126

[109] https://t.me/s/uac_ru; https://ria dot ru/20231122/vks-1910966961.html; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104499; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104496

[110] https://zona dot media/news/2023/11/24/4k ; https://t.me/severrealii/21462 ; https://t.me/bbcrussian/56851 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42893

[111] https://zona dot media/news/2023/11/24/4k ; https://t.me/severrealii/21462 ; https://t.me/bbcrussian/56851 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42893

[112] https://t.me/bbcrussian/56814

[113] https://t.me/bbcrussian/56814

[114] https://t.me/bbcrussian/56814

[115] https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3405

[116] https://t.me/sotaproject/69739

[117] https://t.me/mobilizationnews/16548 ; https://t.me/mobilizationnews/16554

[118] https://rostec dot ru/news/rostekh-vpervye-pokazal-nosimyy-antidronnyy-kompleks-chistyulya/

[119] https://rostec dot ru/news/rostekh-vpervye-pokazal-nosimyy-antidronnyy-kompleks-chistyulya/

[120] https://t.me/istories_media/4275

[121] https://sprotyv dot mod.gov.ua/rosiyany-pragnut-zbilshyty-kilkist-ukrayinskyh-ditej-zaluchenyh-do-program-promyvky-mizkiv/

[122] https://sprotyv dot mod.gov.ua/rosiyany-pragnut-zbilshyty-kilkist-ukrayinskyh-ditej-zaluchenyh-do-program-promyvky-mizkiv/

[123] https://t.me/sons_fatherland/11253

[124] https://t.me/pushilindenis/4030 ; https://www.mid dot ru/ru/about/educational/

[125] https://t.me/andriyshTime/15388

[126] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1425

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