full meaning of msc and phd

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD - what do they all mean?

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD (and more) are abbreviations of British degrees.

They reflect the specific level and discipline of a qualification achieved at university.

While most courses are conducted on a full-time basis, there are options for part-time, distance learning and other flexible learning arrangements.

Here is a breakdown of some of the most common qualifications and ones that Aberystwyth University offers.

• BA = Bachelor of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences;
• BSc = Bachelor of Sciences;
• BENG = Bachelor of Engineering (Software, Robotics and Physics);
• LLB = Bachelor of Law.

Achieved after 3 to 4 years of study. The extra year (for a 4 year course) can be from a year studying abroad or a year working in industry.

Integrated-Masters:

• MARTS = Masters of Arts;
• MBIOL = Masters of Biology;
• MCOMP = Masters of Computer Science;
• MENG = Masters of Engineering;
• MMATH = Masters of Mathematics;
• MPHYS = Masters of Physics;
• MSCI = Masters of Sciences and Humanities.

4 years course (3-year Bachelors, 1 year Masters) that enables you to secure a loan for the full duration rather than having to fund a Masters degree separately.

• MA = Masters of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences;
• MSc = Masters of Sciences;
• MBA = Masters of Business Administration;
• MPhil = Masters of Philosophy: Advanced research Masters degree;
• MRes = Masters of Research: Contains some taught and research elements;
• LLM = Masters of Law.

Achieved after graduation from Bachelors level, usually 1-2 years duration.

• PhD = Doctor of Philosophy: for a range of disciplines.

Achieved after graduating from Masters level, usually 3-8 years duration.

A wide range of Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Further-Research courses – across the Arts and Sciences – are available at Aberystwyth.

What is the difference between a postgraduate taught master’s and a postgraduate research master’s?

Pgce, mres, ma, msc or phd if you’re considering postgraduate study, use this guide to learn the difference between the kinds of postgraduate degrees on offer.

Richard Carruthers

Postgraduate courses come in many formats, ranging from vocational diplomas and certificates through to master’s and doctoral qualifications.

The two most common categories of postgraduate study are postgraduate taught (PGT) courses and postgraduate research (PGR) courses.

As you shop around potential postgraduate courses, you may also come across the PGCE, the LLM, the MRes, the MPhil and the PhD.

But what is the difference between all these acronyms?

Below is a guide explaining the differences between all the postgraduate degrees on offer, including how the application process varies between them.

Postgraduate taught (PGT) courses

Postgraduate taught courses are sometimes called level 7 qualifications and are one of the most common kinds of master’s degrees. When people refer to master’s courses, they usually mean a postgraduate taught course.

These courses are typically one year in duration if studied full-time, or two years if studying part-time.

The course will usually comprise several months of taught classes, much like undergraduate study, followed by an intensive independent research project for the final few months.

These courses have highly specialised content, making them great launchpads for careers where specialist knowledge is required. They are also often used as a stepping stone to more advanced research degrees.

What’s the difference between an MSc and an MA?

Postgraduate taught courses will usually lead to either an MSc or an MA qualification, depending on the subject you choose.

An MSc stands for a “master of science” and will focus on advancing a particular aspect of scientific research across the sciences, engineering, mathematics or a similar field that involves logic, scientific research or numbers.

An MA refers to a “master of arts”, and covers postgraduate taught degrees in the arts and humanities, such as literature, languages, history, cultural studies and some social sciences.

Applying for a postgraduate taught course

To apply for a postgraduate taught course, you will normally be asked to provide transcripts showing your academic performance on your undergraduate degree, a personal statement and a CV.

Your CV should focus on your educational achievements and interests and discuss any project work that shows you have the technical and academic skills needed to be a successful and independent postgraduate student.

Your personal statement can be tackled in a similar way to a cover letter, where you introduce yourself and convey your interest, enthusiasm and motivation to study the subject. It is also advisable to tailor your statement to each course you apply for and to explain your interest in some of the modules offered by that specific course.

It can also be beneficial to demonstrate some thought around where the course will lead you in the future, whether that’s into a new career or towards further study.

With postgraduate taught courses, you often won’t have to submit a research proposal for your research project as part of your application, as the taught elements of the course are meant to help inform your research proposal.

However, some postgraduate master’s courses may ask for you to submit a research proposal or at least have an idea of the topic you want to do your master’s dissertation on, even if this changes later.

Applying to master’s courses is generally done through a decentralised system, meaning you apply individually to each course and university. Each institution will set different entrance and application requirements. Check the exact requirements your course is looking for, and get in touch with the institution’s postgraduate admissions office with any questions.

What are MRes and MPhil degrees?

The MPhil stands for “master of philosophy”. The MRes course option, which is relatively new but has grown in popularity in recent years, stands for a “master of research”.

Much like postgraduate taught courses, both the MPhil and the MRes are technically classified as level 7 qualifications, and typically take one year to complete.

The main difference between an MRes or MPhil and a postgraduate taught course is that MRes and MPhil courses place much more focus on individual research, with as much as 60 per cent to 100 per cent of either degree consisting of a personal research project.

Given the heavy research focus, MRes and MPhil courses tend to contain fewer taught classes, but you will usually receive training in research techniques. As a result of the research focus, an MRes or an MPhil may help prepare a student for a doctoral programme (PGR) or a career that requires specific research skills and techniques.

Applying for an MRes or MPhil course is very similar to applying for a postgraduate taught course, but you may be asked to submit a research proposal as part of your application, so it’s important to have an idea of the kind of research project you would like to pursue.

Doctorate courses

Postgraduate research (PGR) courses are sometimes called level 8 qualifications and usually refer to doctorate courses.

These courses take about three to four years of full-time study to complete, but the exact duration of a doctorate course depends on whether you get involved in teaching, how long your research takes to complete and how long it takes you to write your doctorate thesis.

Successful PhD candidates are awarded doctoral qualifications such as doctor of philosophy (PhD) or doctor of engineering (EngD), depending on their field of research.

Research is the core component of a PhD programme, and you will be expected to produce original work on a specific subject topic, usually in the form of a thesis.

Doctorate qualifications are often a prerequisite for a career as a university academic, researcher or scientist in industry.

Applying for a doctorate (PhD) programme

To apply for a doctorate degree, you’ll need to submit a personal statement and a CV, both providing evidence of your academic experiences and passion for the subject.

Some PhD programmes will expect you to have already completed a postgraduate taught programme, but this isn’t always essential.

For a PhD, you may also be asked to submit a detailed research proposal outlining a specific research question you would like to address, the subject area you will work in, and the approach you would take to solving this.

Your proposal should demonstrate your current knowledge and discuss how your research idea could develop or challenge existing knowledge. You should also mention the potential significance of your research and why it would be a useful contribution to your chosen field.

Usually, you will be expected to apply individually to each PhD programme you’re interested in. Places will usually be dependent on your academic achievements, but also on the funding available in your chosen university department and whether the university can provide an appropriate supervisor.

If you’re considering applying for a PhD, it may be worth contacting academics individually to discuss whether they’d be interested in supervising you and asking about any funding opportunities.

Other postgraduate courses

Aside from the categories discussed above, there are many other classifications of master’s degrees, including postgraduate diplomas and certificates.

Often these lead to a vocational qualification that is used to gain entry to a specific profession.

Examples include the postgraduate certificate of education (PGCE), which leads to a career in teaching, the graduate diploma in law (GDL) or master of law (LLM), which opens the door to the legal professions, or the master of business administration (MBA), which is a common choice for business professionals looking to gain entry to C-suite positions.

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• Master’s vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Published on November 27, 2020 by Lauren Thomas . Revised on June 1, 2023.

The two most common types of graduate degrees are master’s and doctoral degrees:

• A master’s is a 1–2 year degree that can prepare you for a multitude of careers.
• A PhD, or doctoral degree, takes 3–7 years to complete (depending on the country) and prepares you for a career in academic research.

A master’s is also the necessary first step to a PhD. In the US, the master’s is built into PhD programs, while in most other countries, a separate master’s degree is required before applying for PhDs.

Master’s are far more common than PhDs. In the US, 24 million people have master’s or professional degrees, whereas only 4.5 million have doctorates.

Table of contents

Master’s vs phd at a glance, which is right for you, length of time required, career prospects, costs and salaries, application process, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about master's and phd degrees.

The table below shows the key differences between the two.

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A PhD is right for you if:

• Your goal is to become a professor at a university or some other type of professional researcher.
• You love research and are passionate about discovering the answer to a particular question.
• You are willing to spend years pursuing your research even if you have to put up with a lot of dead ends and roadblocks.

A master’s degree is the better choice if any of the following apply:

• You want to continue studies in your field, but you’re not committed to a career as a professional researcher.
• You want to develop professional skills for a specific career.
• You are willing to pay a higher upfront cost if it means finishing with your degree (and thus being able to work) much faster.
• You want the option to study part-time while working.

The length of time required to complete a PhD or master’s degree varies. Unsurprisingly, PhDs take much longer, usually between 3–7 years. Master’s degrees are usually only 1–2 years.

Length of a master’s

Master’s degrees are usually 2 years, although 1-year master’s degrees also exist, mainly in the UK.

Most of the degree consists of classes and coursework, although many master’s programs include an intensive, semester-long master’s thesis or capstone project in which students bring together all they’ve learned to produce an original piece of work.

Length of a PhD

In the US, a PhD usually takes between 5 and 7 years to complete. The first 2 years are spent on coursework. Students, even those who choose to leave without finishing the program, usually receive a master’s degree at this point.

The next 3–5 years are spent preparing a dissertation —a lengthy piece of writing based on independent research, which aims to make a significant original contribution to one’s field.

Master’s degrees tend to prepare you for a career outside of academia, while PhDs are designed to lead to a career in research.

Careers for master’s graduates

There are two types of master’s degrees: terminal and research-intensive. The career prospects are different for each.

Terminal master’s degrees are intended to prepare students for careers outside of academia. Some degrees, known as professional degrees, specifically prepare students for particular professions; these include the Master of Public Policy (MPP), Master of Business Administration (MBA), Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), Master of Fine Arts (MFA), and Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees.

Other master’s degrees, usually Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Sciences (MS or MSc) degrees, do not necessarily lead to a specific career, but are intended to be a final degree. Examples include an MS in Communications or MS in Data Analytics.

In research-intensive master’s programs, students take coursework intended to prepare them for writing an original piece of research known as the master’s thesis . Such programs are usually intended to prepare for further study in a doctoral program.

Careers for PhD graduates

As research degrees, PhDs are usually intended to lead to an academic career. A PhD can be thought of like an apprenticeship, where students learn from professional researchers (academics) how to produce their own research.

Most students aspire to become a university professor upon the completion of their degree. However, careers in academia are highly competitive, and the skills learned in a doctoral program often lend themselves well to other types of careers.

Some graduates who find they prefer teaching to producing research go on to be teachers at liberal arts colleges or even secondary schools. Others work in research-intensive careers in the government, private sector, or at think tanks.

Below are a few examples of specific fields and non-academic careers that are common destinations of graduates of those fields.

• Computer Science
• Lab Sciences

Many government jobs, including economists at a country’s central bank, are research-intensive and require a PhD. Think tanks also hire economists to carry out independent research.

In the private sector, economic consulting and technology firms frequently hire PhDs to solve real-world problems that require complex mathematical modeling.

Graduate students from the humanities are sometimes hired by museums, who can make use of their research and writing skills to curate exhibits and run public outreach.

Humanities PhDs are often well-suited to research and grant-writing roles at nonprofits. Since so much of research is funded by grants, PhD students often gain a lot of experience applying for them, which is a useful skill in the nonprofit sector.

There are a wide range of non-academic research jobs for lab scientists with doctorates in subjects like chemistry, biology, ecology and physics.

Many PhD graduates are hired by pharmaceutical companies that need to perform research to create and test their products. Government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), also hire lab scientists to work on research projects.

Job prospects after graduation vary widely based on the field. In fields like management, computer science, statistics, and economics, there’s little underemployment—even graduates from less well-known programs can easily find jobs that pay well and use the skills they’ve gained from the PhD.

However, in other fields, particularly in the humanities, many PhD graduates have difficulty in the job market. Unfortunately, there are far more PhD graduates than assistant professor roles, so many instead take on part-time and low-paid roles as adjunct instructors. Even non-academic careers can sometimes be difficult for PhDs to move into, as they may be seen as “overqualified”  or as lacking in relevant professional experience.

Because career options post-PhD vary so much, you should take the time to figure out what the career prospects are in your field. Doctoral programs often have detailed “placement” records online in which they list the career outcomes of their graduates immediately upon leaving the program. If you can’t find these records, contact the program and ask for them—placement information should play an important role in your choice of PhD program.

Although PhDs take far longer to complete, students often receive a living stipend in exchange for being a teaching or research assistant. Master’s degrees are shorter but less likely to be funded.

Both master’s degrees and PhDs lead to increased salaries upon graduation. While PhDs usually earn a bit more than those with a master’s degree, in some fields, the wages are identical, meaning that no financial benefit is gained from going on to a PhD.

Cost of a master’s

The upfront cost of a master’s degree is usually higher than a doctoral degree due to the lower amount of financial aid available. However, increased salaries also arrive faster than with a doctoral degree, because people graduate much earlier from a master’s program.

Some master’s students do receive stipends for their degrees, usually as compensation for being a teaching or research assistant. In addition, many people complete master’s degrees part time while working full-time, which allows them to fund their living costs as well as tuition.

The cost varies significantly by school and program. Public schools are usually cheaper than private ones. Some master’s degrees, such as MBAs, are notoriously expensive, but also result in much higher wages afterwards that make up for the high cost.

The master’s wage premium , or the extra amount that someone with a master’s degree makes than someone with just a high school diploma, is 23% on average. Many universities provide detailed statistics on the career and salary outcomes of their students. If they do not have this online, you should feel free to contact an administrator of the program and ask.

Cost of a PhD

PhDs, particularly outside the humanities, are usually (though not always) funded, meaning that tuition fees are fully waived and students receive a small living stipend. During the last 3–5 years of a PhD, after finishing their coursework (and sometimes before), students are usually expected to work as graduate instructors or research assistants in exchange for the stipend.

Sometimes students can apply for a fellowship (such as the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Program in the United States) that relieves them of any obligations to be a teaching or research assistant. Doctoral programs in the US tend to be better funded than in the rest of the world.

Sometimes, PhD degrees can be completed part-time, but this is rare. Students are usually expected to devote at least 40 hours a week to their research and work as teaching or research assistants.

The main cost of doctoral programs comes in the form of opportunity cost—all the years that students could be working a regular, full-time job, which usually pays much better than a graduate school stipend.

The average wage premium for PhDs is 26%, which is not much higher than the master’s degree premium.

In the US, the application process is similar for master’s and PhD programs. Both will generally ask for:

• At least one application essay, often called a personal statement or statement of purpose .
• Letters of recommendation .
• A resume or CV .
• Transcripts.
• Writing samples.

Applications for both types of programs also often require a standardized test. PhDs usually require the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tries to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative, critical thinking , and analytical writing skills. Many master’s programs require this test as well.

Applying for a master’s

Master’s degrees programs will often ask you to respond to specific essay prompts that may ask you to reflect upon not just your academic background, but also your personal character and future career ambitions.

Northwestern University’s Kellogg Business School requires Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) applicants write two essays, one about a recent time they demonstrated leadership and the second about their personal values.

Who you should ask for your letters of recommendation varies by program. If you are applying to a research-intensive master’s program, then you should choose former professors or research supervisors. For other programs, particularly business school, current work supervisors may be a better choice.

Some professional master’s programs require a specific test. For example, to apply to law school, you must take the Law School Admissions Test, or LSAT. For business school, you must take either the GRE or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT).

Applying for a PhD

When applying for a PhD, your resume should focus more on your research background—you should especially emphasize any publications you’ve authored or presentations that you’ve given.

Similarly, your statement of purpose should discuss research that you’ve participated in, whether as an assistant or the lead author. You should detail what exactly you did in projects you’ve contributed to, whether that’s conducting a literature review, coding regressions, or writing an entire article.

Your letters of recommendations should be from former professors or supervisors who can speak to your abilities and potential as a researcher. A good rule of thumb is to avoid asking for recommendations from anyone who does not themselves have a PhD.

If you want to know more about college essays , academic writing , and AI tools , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

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A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

This depends on the country. In the United States, you can generally go directly to a PhD  with only a bachelor’s degree, as a master’s program is included as part of the doctoral program.

Elsewhere, you generally need to graduate from a research-intensive master’s degree before continuing to the PhD.

This varies by country. In the United States, PhDs usually take between 5–7 years: 2 years of coursework followed by 3–5 years of independent research work to produce a dissertation.

In the rest of the world, students normally have a master’s degree before beginning the PhD, so they proceed directly to the research stage and complete a PhD in 3–5 years.

A master’s degree usually has a higher upfront cost, but it also allows you to start earning a higher salary more quickly. The exact cost depends on the country and the school: private universities usually cost more than public ones, and European degrees usually cost less than North American ones. There are limited possibilities for financial aid.

PhDs often waive tuition fees and offer a living stipend in exchange for a teaching or research assistantship. However, they take many years to complete, during which time you earn very little.

In the US, the graduate school application process is similar whether you’re applying for a master’s or a PhD . Both require letters of recommendation , a statement of purpose or personal statement , a resume or CV , and transcripts. Programs in the US and Canada usually also require a certain type of standardized test—often the GRE.

Outside the US, PhD programs usually also require applicants to write a research proposal , because students are expected to begin dissertation research in the first year of their PhD.

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• Which research degree...

Which research degree should I do—MSc, MD, or PhD?

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Got a career or related problem that needs answering? Can't find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone ( www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone ) for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site.

You should think carefully about what kind of research degree you want. If you want only a taste of research or are doing it only to improve your chances at a specialist registrar interview, go for the MSc. This is usually a one year taught course with an experimental project and is a good way of learning the basics of science. If you wish to do more detailed science and are considering a career in academic medicine, then think about a PhD. This will mean more time commitment (at least three years) and more intellectual commitment. The compromise degrees are the MD or MS. These usually require two years of work and therefore permit more in-depth research than the MSc. The MD or its equivalent is popular among medics. When deciding which degree to go for you should check all the various regulations and also the fees that may be entailed.

At the end of the day the choice is up to you. The key questions are: why are you doing research and how much time and energy do you want to commit to it?

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The MSc by Research - Not just a 'stepping stone' to a PhD

The Master's by Research (MScR) degree is often thought of as simply a stepping stone towards PhD study. In this blog post, we explain why that's simply not the case - an MScR can enhance your career prospects across a range of industries.

What’s the difference between an MSc and an MScR?

The MSc (Master of Science) and MScR (Master’s by Research) qualifications are both different forms of a Master’s degree.

Taught Master's (MSc) 

An MSc is a taught Master’s degree which is typically delivered over the course of one year through a combination of lectures, tutorials and seminars, as well as practical and lab work.

Although there are elements of research work within an MSc, particularly during the dissertation stage towards the end of the degree, an MSc student learns primarily through taught methods . Therefore, the general structure of a Master’s degree consists of a number of taught courses, followed by the submission of a dissertation.

Master's by Research (MScR)

A Master’s by Research (MScR) degree has a slightly different structure. The MScR is a research degree which is supported by a certain number of taught modules.

It still requires the student to submit a dissertation at the end of the year. However, the exact structure of MScR programmes can vary within institutions.  

For example, at the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine , some of our programmes split the year up into two different halves, with the first half devoted to teaching modules (much like the MSc) and then the second half comprising full-time research.

On the other hand, some programmes offer a year-round research project which is then supplemented by teaching throughout the year.  

However, despite occasional differences in the way an MScR may be structured, it’s safe to say that, in comparison to the MSc, students on Master’s by Research programmes will have a longer period of time devoted to intensive research .

Why is an MScR usually considered to be a ‘stepping stone’ towards a PhD?

The Master’s by Research is a full-time, one year research degree that gives students an excellent insight into doctoral study.

Students are introduced to research methods and skills which will help prepare them for life as a PhD student and, therefore, the MScR degree has traditionally been viewed as a useful ‘stepping stone’ towards full doctoral study .

Developing research skills

An MScR is an excellent choice for people who are already fairly certain that they would like to pursue academic research as a career path.

This is because you are more likely to be asked to contribute to conferences and journal papers in your supervisor’s lab, while engaging in independent research which will hopefully help to strengthen your passion in a particular subject area.  

However, an MScR is also good preparation for a career in industry or an allied profession that requires an understanding of research methods (e.g. scientific writing).

What if I complete an MScR but decide a PhD isn’t for me?

Don’t panic! Although many MScR graduates move straight on to PhD study, some students decide that full-time academic research simply isn’t for them.

As stated above, there are plenty of people out there who use a Master’s by Research degree to move into careers outside academia.

So if you find yourself in a position where you don’t think that a PhD is for you, then don’t fret – you will have earned a highly valuable and respected Master’s degree that will set you apart in the jobs market.

You will also have developed an excellent range of transferable skills to enhance your career prospects across a wide range of industries.

How will a Master’s by Research benefit a future career outside academia?

As well as developing key skills, a Master’s degree (whether MSc or MScR) is an excellent way to extend your professional network.

Industry contacts

If you decide not to go down the academic route, you will likely find that your Master’s by Research has still provided you with lifelong contacts in science and medicine .

Conferences, poster days and society events all provide opportunities for Master’s students to make important connections. These kinds of networks could prove invaluable, even if you decide to make the switch to a more industry-based role.

Earning potential

Furthermore, many studies suggest that earning a Master’s qualification will increase your earning potential . Although it’s not a guarantee, having a Master’s degree (MSc or MScR) on your CV makes it more likely that you’ll earn a higher salary.

Statistics show that full-time employed, working-age postgraduates in the UK had an average salary of £39,000 in 2017, compared with £33,000 for working-age undergraduates.*

*Graduate labour market statistics, 2017

What’s it like to study an MScR at the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine?

Related links.

Master's by Research degrees - College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine

MSc by Research at the University of Edinburgh

What's the difference between a PGCert/PGDip/MSc?

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MA, MSc, MRes, PhD, Eng D... different types of postgraduate courses

targetjobs editorial team

Last updated: 25 Jan 2023, 13:36

If you're at a crossroads between employment and further study, take the time to consider the huge variety of postgraduate courses on offer.

From one-year taught courses to three-year research PhDs, choosing the right postgraduate course can give you the edge in a jobs market already crowded with first degree holders. Find out what's available, what's involved and which type of course will best suit your needs. When weighing up the pros and cons of going into work or further study remember that you need not limit yourself to just one of the two.

Take a look at the lists below to find a qualification and a study method that works around you...and your career. Once you've short-listed your favourites, it's a very good idea to have a chat with potential employers to find out how they view the qualification, or even the university, you are considering. Your main options are:

Taught courses

Master of arts (MA) or Master of science (MSc)

• Taught courses most commonly come in the form of a masters degree
• One to two years full time
• Two to three years part time
• Includes seminars, lectures, tutorials, project work, oral work, some research, a thesis/dissertation and exams. The balance between these varies.

Research degrees

Doctorates (PhDs)

PhDs can be started immediately after your first degree or a masters course. It’s more common for students of sciences than arts to start a PhD straight after an undergraduate degree. They involve research into a chosen topic under the supervision of an experienced academic.

• Three to four years full time
• Four to six years part time
• Considered very intellectually challenging
• Includes a thesis of around 100,000 words and usually an oral presentation.

An EngD (engineering doctorate) is an alternative to a PhD for students looking for a career in engineering. Like those studying for a PhD, EngD students will conduct in-depth research. However, they will also spend up to 75% of their time gaining direct experience in the industry by working for a company.

Masters programmes by research (including MSc, MPhil, MRes)

These are known as MRes (master of research), MPhil (master of philosophy), MSc by research or MA by research. Put simply, these are masters programmes that rely heavily on your own private research, supervised by an experienced academic.

• Two to four years part time
• Usually involves training in research methods, but less teaching than a taught masters
• Similar in structure to a doctorate, only shorter
• Includes the production of a thesis and usually an oral presentation
• Good preparation for a PhD
• Fees usually lower than for taught masters.

targetjobs editorial advice

This describes editorially independent and impartial content, which has been written and edited by the targetjobs content team. Any external contributors featuring in the article are in line with our non-advertorial policy, by which we mean that we do not promote one organisation over another.

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Sep. 6, 2022

The difference between an mcs, mscs and phd in computer science, while all teach computer science concepts, mcs, mscs & phd degrees have key differences. learn about cs programs & which degree can help advance your career..

Advancing your career in computer science—or a related field like software engineering, product management, cybersecurity, or IT—may require an advanced degree to help you reach your full potential in the field. In researching degree options, you’ll have to consider a few different types of graduate degrees: Should I pursue a master’s vs a PhD? Which will best meet my needs: a MCS vs MSCS degree?

Because the duration, cost, prerequisites and curriculum requirements for each degree program can vary, it is recommended that you research and choose the degree type that best aligns with your personal career goals and aspirations. Whether your goal is to advance your career within private industry (for example, a publicly-traded tech company), to advance within academia and research/R&D, or to pursue a combination of both, there is a degree that is right for you.

What is a Master of Computer Science (MCS) Program?

An MCS (or MSE, MCIT, and other topical variations) is a professional, non-thesis master’s degree program in computer science, software, and tech/IT that emphasizes hands-on, real-world experience and projects in a practical industry context for career advancement. These degree programs are designed to develop your practical skills in computer science, software engineering, data engineering, algorithms, big data, cybersecurity and more, preparing you to work in a variety of industries and companies. Because the primary focus of these programs is to help you advance or change careers in industry, a thesis or research component is not required.

For example, in Rice's online master's in computer science program, we tailor a curriculum to help students advance careers in big tech and high-growth digital jobs across industries, from healthcare to energy to professional services. Students are expected to both design and implement complex software systems, both individually and within a collaborative team setting. Students will also learn how to effectively communicate their ideas and solutions to clients and stakeholders, furthering their potential to land lucrative careers in a professional setting.

The required 30 hours of coursework for Rice’s Online Master of Computer Science program typically takes part-time working professionals about 2-3 years to complete (on-campus students often complete full-time in about 1 year).

Master of Computer Science Career Opportunities

From AI and robotics to computer architecture and networks, a Rice Online MCS degree offers ample opportunity for specialized skill development. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , MCS graduates have found career opportunities with top technology companies where they can earn a median salary of $126,830 per year. Master of computer science careers are lucrative and ever-growing and are projected to continue expanding at an above-average rate through 2030, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics . That means an MCS degree can not only offer a career return on investment in a shorter timeframe but also paves a shorter pathway to your ultimate computer science career goals when compared to other advanced degree programs.

Master of Computer Science Program Requirements

To increase your chances of acceptance into a master's like the MCS@Rice degree program, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree (preferably in a STEM/technical field), programming experience, and a 3.0 undergraduate GPA. GPA exceptions may be granted with competitive GRE scores. Your degree isn’t necessarily required to be in computer science. MCS requirements include programming experience in conventional languages, statically typed languages, data structures and basic algorithms, along with basic discrete math and Boolean logic skills. MCS Admissions accepts and reviews applications on a rolling basis.

What is a Masters of Science in Computer Science?

An MSCS is a graduate research degree that requires a thesis or research component. It prepares students to progress in academic research (as a "gateway" to a PhD) or industry. It’s common for an MSCS to require an engaging course load, but also a body of independent research, a thesis, and the defense of that thesis to a panel of Faculty experts.

The course work covers many of the same core concepts that are taught in an MCS program--for example, advanced math and programming skills, along with problem-solving, data engineering with big data, and more. But in an MSCS program, graduate students will focus deeply on a particular topic or area of research in completing their research or thesis requirement. Conversely, an MCS program will culminate with a capstone course or a practical way to apply concepts learned to real-world, industry context. In this way, MCS students may be better equipped to build a well-rounded portfolio for job interviews.

Career Opportunities With a Master of Science in Computer Science

An MSCS degree balances the theory and practice of computer science to prepare students for either professional industry or academic research paths. An MSCS degree can prepare students for a range of career opportunities in areas such as research and development (R&D), innovation hubs or labs, teaching, and more. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, salaries for educator positions range from $80,000 to over $100,000 , and the median pay for computer and information research scientists is $131,490 .

Opportunities in both of these areas are growing faster than average. That means an MSCS degree can provide a higher career return on investment for research-oriented students who are primarily interested in academic pursuits and educating others in the industry.

In addition, the MSCS can be a valuable stepping stone to pursuing a PhD degree in a more advanced field.

MSCS Degree Requirements

Each MSCS program will have varying requirements for admission. The MSCS requirements for applications usually include a Bachelor of Science degree in a related STEM field. A computer science degree is often not required, but some programming knowledge and math skills are recommended.

While completing the MSCS degree, students are often expected to conduct an independent research program and demonstrate professional skills in both oral and written communication within the field of computer science. Additionally, it is typical for MSCS students to defend their academic thesis no later than 4 years after beginning the program.

What is a PhD in Computer Science?

A PhD in computer science is required for those who wish to become Professors of computer science in an academic or research setting. This degree program requires upwards of four to six years of study and includes an intense research period with a thesis combined with advanced coursework. It is an ideal choice for those who want to pursue advanced research in computer science, and even teach what they’ve studied to other students and colleagues in the industry.

Potential career paths for PhD graduates include:

• Computer Science Professor
• Computer Scientist
• Principal Investigator (PI)
• Lead, Research & Development (R&D)

Doctorate programs in computer science often include a rigorous course load, along with a thesis and final oral defense. Some PhD programs offer financial aid or partial scholarships, while some are fully funded.

Career Opportunities With a PhD in Computer Science

The primary objective of a Computer Science PhD program is to launch a doctoral candidate further into groundbreaking computer science research, publishing and teaching, usually in a university context. Often, PhD recipients work at universities, thinktanks, nonprofits or government, putting their considerable depth of expertise to work in developing innovative solutions and shaping policy. Research and development (R&D) functions or innovation labs in companies across industries employ computer science PhDs, as well.

Doctoral Requirements for a PhD in Computer Science

PhD students are expected to demonstrate an expert-level understanding of theory and core concepts across a variety of computer science sub-disciplines. Students should be able to problem solve by combining knowledge from different sources and specifically exhibit deep knowledge in their primary research areas. Students are also expected to conduct independent research where they will identify and pose a research problem within computer science, place that problem in context within the established research and literature of the field, and conduct an independent investigation that leads to credible scientific results--then defending those results. PhD students often serve as teaching assistants alongside lecturers or full professors of computer science.

Requiring a lengthy time commitment, PhD in computer science programs often require 90+ hours of required coursework and at least one 500-level research project. A bachelor's or master’s degree is a pre-requisite for acceptance into the PhD program. A background in computer science is preferred, but may not be mandatory.

Additional Computer Science Programs

Other advanced degrees in computer science are also available to strengthen your knowledge and advance your career. For example, there is a Master of Computer and Information Technology (MCIT), as well as other specializations in Computer Science such as cybersecurity and bioinformatics. Certificates in computer science and other specialty areas can be earned through platforms such as Coursera, including those offered through online Rice courses .

Choosing The Right Computer Science Degree

Despite their similarities, understanding the differences between master's and PhD programs—and between an MCS and an MSCS—can help you decide which program is best for your career goals and professional objectives. The table below lists many of those differences:

Differences Between Advanced Computer Science Degrees

Choosing an MCS program is about more than just the difference between master’s and PhD programs.

Begin Your Computer Science Career

Apply to an advanced Computer Science degree program today to set yourself up for a successful education that aligns with your computer science career goals. Our MCS@Rice program is nationally ranked with world-class faculty who can help you customize your degree and enhance your computer science skills.

Get More Information

Sign up to receive more information on how the MCS@Rice program can help you broaden your career options. Connect with an Enrollment Coach today.

By submitting your information, you agree that Rice University and others working on its behalf may contact you via phone, email and/or text message. You may opt out at any time.

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Ma vs msc - what’s the difference.

When researching postgraduate degree courses , you're likely to have come across numerous acronyms for the different qualifications on offer. This article looks at the main differences between the MA and the MSc. We explore each term, what the two programs entail, and what kind of graduate prospects you can expect following graduation. 

What is an MA?

An MA can also cover business, consulting and management subjects, although these often come under the term MSc – the science-based equivalent of the MA – so the postgraduate qualification you gain will depend on the institution and the content of the individual courses. 

Common MA subjects include:

Anthropology  

English literature  

Languages  

Philosophy  

Performing art

Journalism  

Architecture

MA programs are offered at most universities. In the UK MA degrees usually take one year to study full time and two years to study part time. In mainland Europe and the United States, MA degrees often take two years to complete full time.

Often, students will have studied one of the subjects at the undergraduate level and want to pursue the subject as an area of interest in further detail and an MA is the ideal way to do this.

Assessments throughout the MA program will take place through a combination of exams, assignments and a dissertation .

Research MA degrees are called Masters by Research, MRes degrees or MA by research. For these, students conduct independent research and submit a dissertation, with less emphasis on taught-based teaching styles. 

What is an MSc?

MSc degrees focus more on scientific, curriculum-based STEM subjects such as mathematics, engineering, medicine or technology, although they can include some social sciences . 

Postgraduate students choose to study an MSc degree to expand their knowledge in a specialised area which can help prepare students for work in a particular field and fine-tune their knowledge and skills as well as raise their professional profile.

MSc degree subjects are typically theory-heavy with an emphasis on reading, research and lab work. Common subjects to study in an MSc degree include: 

Environmental science

Engineering  

Computer science

Biomedical science  

Accounting  

Psychology  

Business and finance

MScs are taught masters and usually take one year to complete when studied full time at a UK university and two years to study in the UK as a part-time program. If an MSc is studied at a European or American university the course may take two years of full-time study to complete and longer if studied part time. 

To be eligible to study an MSc degree, students usually need to have a bachelors degree, ideally in a similar science-based or related subject. 

MScs are assessed in a similar way as MAs, although there may be more emphasis on examinations and a shorter word count for the dissertation. MAs and MScs are graded in the same way. 

MA vs MSc – the main differences 

The main difference between an MA and an MSc is the subject focus. An MA has a humanities and social sciences focus, whereas an MSc usually have a STEM focus, although some social sciences can be studied as either an MA or an MSc. 

For example, the University of Oxford offers an MSc in Sociology while the University at Manchester has an MA in Sociology – this demonstrates that is important to check the content of the individual masters courses on offer at the various institutions to make sure you choose the one with the right balance of research, lectures, topics and examinations for you.

MSc degrees are generally classed as professional degrees, while an MA qualification is usually an academic degree. 

However, there are a few other differences that set MAs and MSCs apart, these are: 

Subject areas

When considering an MA vs MSc, the subjects covered in each type of masters degree can be broken down into arts-based topics (for the MA) versus science-based topics (for the MSc).

An MA degree will be studied in subjects from the arts, humanities and social sciences . While an MSc degree will be in the STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) and other more industry-led areas such as medicine and business. Some social science subjects are also offered as MSc degrees as well as MA degrees, for example anthropology and sociology .

 An MA usually offers a broader subject focus while an MSc is typically more focused on a specific area. 

For example, an MA English Language course might typically offer a broader subject focus, with several optional modules available for students to specialise in. Whereas, an MSc in Biomedical Engineering may be more restricted to the core subject, since the course itself is already highly specialised. 

Assessment methods

When it comes to assessing the MA vs MSc, both involve similar aspects, such as exams, coursework, essays and dissertation projects –  although these assessment methods can differ slightly between the MA and Msc.

An MA is typically assessed through regular coursework and essays, as well as a final dissertation. While some MAs might include exams, they are generally less exam heavy than their science-based MSc counterpart.

MSc programs are usually assessed by coursework, lab work, exams and a final dissertation. An MSc is likely to be more exam heavy than an MA degree and in many cases, the required dissertation will be shorter in length than in an MA, as it will usually be more data-driven.

Another reason for shorter dissertation lengths in MSc programs is because of the heavier exam focus - where students demonstrate practical and theoretical skills in the subject area

Teaching methods 

The teaching styles between MA and MSc courses will often differ, with varying levels of independent research and taught elements depending on the subject being studied.

An MA combines taught elements with theoretical and research aspects, which often means it will be more research-heavy compared to an MSc. An MA student will take part in taught-based study in the form of lectures, seminars and workshops, but will be expected to conduct much of their own independent research to supplement this. Although, academic staff will always be on hand to provide guidance and advice.

An MSc focuses more on taught-based learning, which includes lectures, seminars, workshops, laboratory work and experiments. However, an MSc degree will still require some independent research and theoretical study alongside this.

An MSc can sometimes involve practical aspects, for example some MSc programs will include degree apprenticeships or paid internships as part of the course. This can provide excellent opportunities to those with a good idea of what their industry-based professional goal is. MAs typically don’t offer internships or apprenticeships, as they are more theoretical in their approach.

Graduate outcomes 

The graduate outcomes of an MSc degree will differ from those of an MA degree. The most important thing you can do when choosing between an MSc or MA degree is to evaluate your goals and objectives. Remember that a masters degree is subject-focused, whereas an MSc degree has a more technical and scientific approach in your chosen professional area – this means it is important to think about your ultimate career goals to make sure you study the right postgraduate degree for your needs.

An MSc could be considered to be suitable for more direct career paths, eg studying an MSc in Geology could make the graduate focus specifically on careers in geology, whereas an MA in English Language could lend itself to broader career paths in fields such as media, advertising, PR, teaching or even HR or banking.  

The MA is more likely to be a terminal degree

The phrase ‘terminal degree’ is mainly used in the United States and refers to the highest degree that can be awarded in a specific academic subject. In most cases a doctorate or a PhD will be the terminal degree, particularly with MSc degrees which in many cases prepare students to work on a doctoral degree (PhD) and can often lead to a career in academia.

Many MAs are terminal degrees, although MA students can also continue to study their subjects at PhD level. Equally, many MSc students go on to pursue careers in their studied field after graduating, as their MSc is well respected in their chosen field of work. 

MA vs MSc entry requirements

The entry requirements for MA and MSc programs differ between institutions, so make sure you check with your prospective university to avoid disappointment. 

Both MA and MSc programs require an undergraduate degree in a related subject with a minimum of a 2:1 equivalent or B grade average.

Evidence of previous undergraduate work, such as a dissertation or project, may also be required to demonstrate that you are able to successfully participate in masters level study.

For some subjects demonstration of technical and specialist knowledge may be required, this is particularly likely to be the case with a science-based MSc degree, such as chemistry , where you might require previous lab experience. Although, for MA subjects, this is much less likely. 

Whilst it is not common, some MSc degrees might require relevant work experience in order to gain a place on the course. Additionally, some MSc and MA programs may require you to interview as part of the application process.

All of these possible entry requirements depend on the MA or MSc course and university so always check details before applying to the program. 

So which is better, an MA or an MSc?

It is important to pick a postgraduate program based on how well the subject aligns with your personal interests and goals, and not to focus on the title of the qualification.

Consider whether an MA or MSc is better suited for your career goals. If you are interested in pursuing a practical industry-based career then an MSc might be the right choice for you, however if your passion lies with the arts and a career in media awaits, an MA degree is likely to be the right choice. 

Discover more about MA degrees and MSc degrees at Postgrad.

Ready to start searching for your ideal MA or MSc program? Search for a range of courses today. Don’t forget to check out our advice pages for help with every aspect of your postgraduate search and study! 

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Master of Arts (MA) – The Complete Guide

MPhil vs MSC – The Differences Explained

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Guide to Masters degrees: MA, MSc, MBA, LLM, ... - Glossary

Author: Claudia Civinini

Claudia has many years of experience as a reporter and writer on international education and student mobility. Originally from Italy, she holds a BA in Communication and Media Studies from the University of Genova; a Graduate Diploma in Education, Secondary Education and Teaching from the Australian Catholic University; and a joint MSc in Educational Neuroscience from UCL and Birkbeck, University of London. Claudia has previously worked as Chief Reporter for the English Language Gazette, as Senior Reporter for the PIE News (Professionals in International Education), and as Reporter for Tes.

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The MSc is a somewhat paradoxical qualification in that it is well-known, but not very much is known about what it actually is.

Looking at the qualifications that many students study at a postgraduate level, you’ll see that more often than most, the MSc is the qualification that most students look into at one point or another.

It’s growing popularity, has seen more and more universities rush to include it in their postgraduate repertoire and entice more postgrad students.

What is an MSc degree?

An MSc degree is a Master for Science postgraduate degree awarded to those who pass science and technology subjects at this level. They have been known to be part of our educational system for hundreds of years and was originally known as the Master’s degree with the highest level of academic qualification achievable - they really were the top of the game.

The degree would entitle graduates to teach as a university ‘Master’, whereas now PhD students or lecturers take up that role.

It still proves a considerable amount of expertise and knowledge in a certain area, but it is now recognised as a postgraduate degree. This translates to a student beginning an MSc level qualification after completing a Bachelor’s degree . It’ll also usually take place before a higher research degree, like a PhD.

MSc degree definition

For those looking to find out the MSc degree meaning it actually translates from Latin, where it stands for Magister Scientiae, meaning ‘Master of Science’.

It is typically a degree with extensive research by the student in a particular field, alongside seminars, lectures and modules.

What is the difference between MS and MSc degree?

There are a few main differences between the MS degree and the MSc degree which are that the MSc is primarily intended to be in Science, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Statistics among others, however, the MS is a professional degree, which prepares students for entering into high-level careers or for those that are looking to get onto a doctorate degree .

The MS is not traditionally taught in the UK, as it is primarily an American degree, however, it is still recognised in the UK and is recognised by employers whenever students are applying for jobs as well.

What are the entry requirements for an MSc level qualification?

Students embarking on an MSc degree will need to have an appropriate or relevant undergraduate degree. It doesn’t necessarily have to be a Bachelor of Science (BSc) but it would certainly help. Most degrees expect candidates to have achieved a 2.1 or higher, although specific universities or courses may allow for 2.2.

Try not to think of MSc degrees only being a ‘hard science’ as universities are free to organise their own degrees.

Where can you study an MSc degree?

It is a widely recognised degree awarded by universities around the world. For MSc degree courses it is a postgraduate degree found at level 7 of the National Qualifications Framework.

In Europe, the MSc degree is a second-cycle degree, which again follows undergraduate programmes, and replaces older ‘magister’ courses.

For America, the MSc is also a postgraduate - or graduate-level qualification and is often called an MS degree. Some programmes also offer a longer course of study to lead to a PhD afterwards.

There may be countries that offer MSc degrees in varying subjects with the exact definition between an MA and MSc not reflecting the UK’s.

What subjects can you study as an MSc level qualification?

Most of the time MSc degrees are awarded for science and technology, and as a general rule follow the STEM subjects. But even those subjects can have their own specialised degrees, like the four-year integrated Master’s course known as the MEng (Master of Engineering), which is equivalent of a Bachelor’s and Master’s in one.

Try not to think of MSc degrees only being a ‘hard science’ as universities are free to organise their own degrees. If an Arts or Humanities programme involved a large amount of quantitative analysis and expertise it may award an MSc instead of a Master of Arts (MA). Linguistics is a great example of this, where it focuses on the science of language systems.

Some courses may be available in both MA or MSc level qualification, like Archaeology , where it depends on the focus of the programme. A degree studying carbon data and excavation techniques may end with an MSc, compared to a historical and cultural analysis which would result in an MA.

The difference between MA and MSc degrees is a recent conversation, as scientific subjects were always known to be a staple of university curriculum. Programmes with a basis of creative space or philosophical analysis were called MAs, compared to MSc degrees which were based on mathematical logic and analysis.

The differences aren’t set in stone, with institutions able to label their degrees as they wish.

Both degrees are equal and hold the same academic standing. An MSc degree is not higher or better than an MA they are just typically either sciences or arts. They also won’t stop you from changing between the two, a student can complete a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communication Studies and then go onto an MSc Visual Communication qualification.

Should I study an MSc level qualification?

An MSc is a great choice for anyone wanting to commit to further study in a subject which is focussed on technical methods or quantitative analysis. It offers the opportunity to conduct independent research along with a taught cause.

Also, an MSc degree offers a chance to specialise, more so than a BSc which is less specific.

What job can I get with an MSc degree?

Students completing an MSc will be prepared for doctorate degree where they can deepen their knowledge and skill set. Another option includes professional jobs that recognise postgraduate science degrees, like graduate schemes.

MSc degree vs postgraduate diplomas and certificates

A postgraduate diploma is the same as a Master of Science but just without the dissertation at the end. It’ll be around two terms long, instead of three, and include most of the taught modules and assessments.

A postgraduate MSc degree certificate is similar and is around one term in regards to length. Both depend on the number of modules you complete but all are at postgraduate level of study.

How long is an MSc degree?

This can vary on university and the country you are studying in. Most are between one and two years, depending on whether it is full time or part-time.

MSc is typically a one-year full-time course in the UK, which is a full 12 months and not a 9-month academic year, this is the same for a distance learning MSc degree or an MSc online degree.

Across Europe the MSc is longer, lasting from one-and-a-half to two years, with students completing placements or internships during the summer holidays between the first and second years.

However, institutions can offer part-time options too, which can increase the length to two or three years. This is perfect for anyone who wants to study alongside work or life commitments. It means students can still go to their day job and earn a postgraduate qualification at the same time.

How many credits does an MSc degree have?

A Master’s of Science is typically worth 180 credits, with 120 during modules and assessments throughout the first two terms - if you’re on a one year course - and then the final dissertation is worth 60 credits.

The dissertation is either an extended project, a research project or a written dissertation. Students are paired with a supervisor who will help guide you throughout the work, as well as provide feedback.

Is MSc a professional qualification?

An MSc is very much of a professional standard as it proves your MSc degree study level is at 7 - in comparison to undergraduates which is at level 4, 5, and 6.

Most degrees of this level will include seminars, assignments and a dissertation - all showcasing your ability to work at a postgraduate standard. Whether a qualification is MSc or a postgraduate diploma in the same subject, it shows the hard work you achieved.

Funding for an MSc degree?

The UK government offers a postgraduate student loan for candidates wanting to start an MSc degree. The financial support can be up to £10,000 to help towards tuition fees and living costs for eligible students. For example, someone studying an MSc Psychology qualification could apply for the postgraduate loan .

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Introduction to MSc and PhD Research Degrees

The School of Molecular and Cell Biology (MCB) is an interdisciplinary teaching and research centre within the School of Biology, Faculty of Science . The school's major academic thrusts are:

• Applied Bioinformatics
• Biochemistry and Cell Biology
• Genetics and Developmental Biology
• Microbiology and Biotechnology

Excellent opportunities exist for postgraduate research towards MSc and PhD degrees. 

Candidates for the MSc/PhD degree will normally have one of the staff of the school as supervisor, though sometimes specialists outside the school will co-supervise. The nature and scope of the work depends on the degree and topic. Students are expected to carry out research on a topic suggested by (or agreed with) their supervisor. They should choose which supervisor(s ) and project(s) they wish to join and are welcome to make specific enquiries to the relevant project supervisors.

Enquiries  - please contact the Postgraduate Coordinator Dr Angela Botes.  

During the MSc/PhD course, research is supplemented by seminars and workshops. Students meet as a group with academic staff regularly to present and discuss their work. There are no formal lectures - group meetings are held every week with staff members to present and discuss their work. A written progress report is to be submitted to the research at least once a year.

Students are to assist with the undergraduate teaching programme as teaching assistants in practical classes and in some small group teaching. This provides valuable teaching experience and some financial rewards.

MSc entry requirements, duration, and requirements for award of degree

Entry requirements for an MSc by research is normally a second class pass in a BSc Honours degree or an equivalent 4-year degree in biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, developmental biology, microbiology, biotechnology, chemistry (or a closely-related subject). It is possible to proceed/upgrade to a PhD degree, conditional on performance, as explained below.

The MSc by research extends over a period of not less than one academic year of full-time study or two academic years of part-time study. It is examined by dissertation which must show the candidate's acquaintance with the methods of research but need not involve original or publishable research, and which must be satisfactory as regards literary style and presentation. MSc dissertations are examined by appointed internal and external examiners, and, if required, the student shall present himself/herself for such examination.

* Please note that the MSc degree in Biotechnology (by coursework) is currently inactive.  

PhD entry requirements, duration, and requirements for award of degree

Entry requirements for a PhD are an MSc or equivalent degree in biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, developmental biology, microbiology, biotechnology, chemistry (or a closely-related subject). A person who has been admitted for an MSc degree may proceed to a PhD degree (a) having successfully completed the requirements for the MSc degree, pursues, for not less than one academic year, further full-time research for the PhD degree which shall be an extension of the research already completed, or, (b) on the recommendation of the and Head of MCB Graduate Studies.

The PhD extends over a period of two academic years full-time and four academic years part-time. Examination is normally by thesis which must constitute a substantial original contribution to the advancement of knowledge in the topic chosen, and which must be satisfactory as regards literary presentation and in a form suitable for publication. The thesis may include published results or publications, provided that this work was undertaken during the course of registration. In the case of joint (Multi-author) publications, the candidates contribution towards such work must be indicated.

PhD theses are examined by appointed internal and external examiners, and, if required, the student shall present himself/herself for such examination.

Application and registration

Apply online  for postgraduate study.

An application will not be considered unless it is supported by a and the Head of MCB Graduate Studies Committee. You should first contact potential supervisors whose projects you find interesting, and enquire about availability of space in their labs and to get more information about their projects. Consult the general information for Postgraduate Applicants booklet before completing the application form. You are required to enclose your C.V., an outline of your academic background and interests, and the names, addresses, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses of two academic references.

Confirmation of registration 

Once registered, students are expected to prepare and submit within six months of their initial registration a research proposal for confirmation of registration. These proposals must be approved by the supervisor(s), the Head of MCB Graduate Studies Committee and the Faculty Higher Degrees Committee. It constitutes a substantial piece of written work consisting of the aim(s) of the topic of research, a literature review and the methods for the investigation. The proposal will form the basis of the postgraduate research, but naturally may be modified as the research proceeds.

Postgraduate Coordinator and Head of MCB Graduate Studies Committee: Dr Angela Botes

What is an MPhil Degree? Master of Philosophy explained

Welcome to our comprehensive blog about the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree.

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate degree that focuses on independent research within a specific academic field, culminating in a detailed dissertation. It serves as both a standalone research degree and a stepping stone towards a Ph.D., equipping students with advanced research skills and knowledge for a potential career in academia or research.

If you’re interested in pursuing an advanced postgraduate research degree, this page will explain everything you need to know about the MPhil programme.

We cover its course structure, the main difference between an MPhil and a PhD, how an MPhil may serve as a standalone degree or a stepping stone towards a PhD program, and how it differs from an MSc.

From independent research to a detailed dissertation, this course offers a rigorous training in research methods for those aspiring to build a career in research.

Whether you’re an undergraduate, a bachelor’s degree holder, or a master’s graduate considering a transition to the MPhil course, this blog provides valuable information to help you qualify for this exciting journey.

What is a Master of Philosophy?

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate degree that provides students with advanced research skills and knowledge in a specialized field of study.

It’s a stepping stone towards a Ph.D. programme, serving as a prerequisite in some cases, or can be a standalone research degree. 

An MPhil course is typically a two-year program where candidates undertake a project and produce a detailed dissertation, which is an extensive piece of research.

This rigorous research focus sets the MPhil apart from other master’s courses. MPhil candidates are expected to present and defend their research findings, thereby acquiring critical skills necessary for a career in research. 

The MPhil degree can be an end in itself, but often, it’s seen as a pathway to a Ph.D. program. While both are research degrees, a Ph.D. requires a significant and original contribution to knowledge, whereas an MPhil is seen as a precursor to this level of in-depth scholarship.

The MPhil could be an excellent option for individuals who aim to pursue a doctorate and develop their research competence before fully committing to the larger task of a Ph.D. program.

An MPhil degree – A case study

Case Study: An MPhil Student’s Journey

Our subject, who we will call Student X, was a graduate student enrolled in a two-year MPhil program at a renowned university, aiming to gain advanced research skills before embarking on a Ph.D. program. Student X wanted to explore their field of interest thoroughly before making a long-term commitment to a doctorate. 

In the first few months, Student X found the transition challenging, as the program demanded greater independence compared to their previous masters course. However, they were supported by their academic supervisor and peers, which helped them gain momentum. They spent most of their time in the university’s extensive libraries, reading and studying to build their knowledge base.

During their MPhil course, Student X took part in numerous seminars and workshops to develop their research skills. They learned how to frame research questions, design studies, and analyze data. These skills were put to the test when they embarked on their dissertation project, an intense period of independent study. 

The rigorous focus on research presented challenges; there were moments of self-doubt and stress, but also immense satisfaction and intellectual growth. Their dissertation process taught them resilience and the ability to solve problems independently, skills they realized were essential for a career in research.

Student X found the MPhil program to be incredibly rewarding. The comprehensive academic resources, mentorship from leading scholars, and the opportunity to engage in deep, exploratory research helped them grow academically and personally. They felt more prepared and less daunted by the idea of a Ph.D. program, acknowledging the MPhil experience as a vital stepping-stone to their doctorate journey.

Student X would recommend the MPhil course to anyone considering a research degree, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of what a career in research might entail.

What’s the difference between an MPhil and a PhD?

The main difference between an MPhil and a PhD lies in their scope, duration, and the level of contribution to the field. An MPhil, or Master of Philosophy, typically takes two years to complete and requires coursework, exams, and a dissertation based on the student’s research. It is often seen as a standalone degree that helps develop strong research skills and can act as a stepping stone towards a PhD.

On the other hand, a PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is a more intensive research degree that can take up to four years or more to complete.

The aim of a PhD program is to make a significant and original contribution to knowledge in the chosen field, culminating in a thesis based on the research undertaken.

In the context of MPhil vs PhD, a key distinction is that while the MPhil equips students with advanced research skills in a shorter time frame, a PhD is often necessary for careers in academia or high-level research positions.

Deciding between the two would depend on your career goals, time commitment, and financial situation.

Is an MPhil Better than An MSc?

Whether an MPhil (Master of Philosophy) is better than an MSc (Master of Science) largely depends on the career path and objectives of the postgraduate student planning to undertake either qualification.

Academically, an MPhil is more advanced, considered a ‘mini-PhD’ as it sits above an MSc and below a PhD in the academic hierarchy.

Therefore, if the goal is to progress into advanced research or academia, undertaking an MPhil degree could be a stepping stone towards a PhD degree, making it a better choice in such instances.

Conversely, an MSc can be a more industry-oriented qualification, focusing on the practical application of knowledge within the workplace.

For those seeking to deepen their skills for a profession in industry rather than going into a PhD, an MSc might be a more suitable choice.

The ‘better’ qualification is subjective, determined by individual career goals and ambitions.

It’s crucial to thoroughly understand the intent and outcome of both degrees before choosing which one to pursue.

Wrapping up – What potential MPhil Students need to know

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate research degree, distinctively defined by its intensive focus on advanced research. MPhil, short for Master of Philosophy, is a qualification that gives students an opportunity to dig deep into their area of interest and develop robust research skills, significantly beneficial for those contemplating a doctorate, or PhD program. 

An MPhil course typically spans two years, filled with rigorous coursework and a research-driven dissertation. Its research methods are what set it apart from other master degrees like the MSc (Master of Science), which is more aligned towards industry-specific knowledge and practical application. 

Choosing between an MPhil and MSc depends on your career trajectory. For those aspiring for a career in academia or advanced research, the MPhil could serve as a ‘mini-PhD’, a precursor to the doctoral journey. In contrast, the MSc could be a better fit for those seeking to strengthen their professional skills for industry roles.

Part-time and full-time options are available for this program, offering flexibility to suit various circumstances. The culmination of the MPhil degree is the ‘viva’, a defense of your dissertation, a testament to the profound postgraduate research undertaken. 

Whether it’s an end in itself or a stepping stone to a PhD, an MPhil degree can be an enriching and rewarding journey, providing an essential foundation for those keen on entering the world of research.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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What is the difference between an MSc and an MRes degree?

Coming to the end of your bachelor’s degree and considering further study when choosing a master’s degree, the range of available postgraduate courses can be overwhelming..

In this blog post, we explore two types of Master's degrees; Master of Science (MSc) and Master of Research (MRes), looking at what they are, how they compare, and what you may need to consider when deciding which one to study.

What is a Master’s degree?

What is an msc degree, what is an mres degree, what are the differences between an msc and mres degree, when is it better to choose an msc or an mres.

Masters’ degrees are a step up from Bachelor's level but below doctoral programmes (PhD). They provide you with an opportunity to specialise in your chosen field and can help you stand out in a competitive job market.

A Master of Science (MSc) is usually awarded in sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, and social sciences. However, it can be awarded in other subjects, for example in arts or humanities programmes that include lots of quantitative analysis and technical expertise.

A Master of Research (MRes), is a research-based postgraduate degree. It can be awarded in any academic discipline that offers enough scope for research training.

The main difference between an MSc and an MRes degree comes down to how the programmes are delivered – an MSc is a Taught programme; an MRes is a Research programme.

Taught Masters’ are normally 12 months in length if studied full-time, with flexible and part-time study options available.

They consist of subject-specific taught modules and – similar to a Bachelor’s degree – teaching methods include lectures, seminars, and workshops. You’ll still have the opportunity to explore your own ideas and work independently, but you’ll get plenty of guidance from your tutors.

A Taught Master’s culminates in a dissertation or research project of approximately 15,000–18,000 words. Depending on the subject, you could also be assessed through exams, essays, and group projects.

Research Masters’ are also usually studied full-time over 12 months and again, many courses can offer flexible and part-time study options.

You’ll complete a focused and original piece of research that’s centred around your interests and this will form the basis of your dissertation or thesis. Many courses also include some taught modules that introduce specific subjects or relevant professional and research skills.

Both MSc and MRes degrees are highly regarded by potential employers, so which one you choose to do really depends on programme availability in your chosen field and your career plans.

If you want to go on to a PhD and pursue a career in research it’s more common to complete an MRes, but that’s not to say an MSc won’t prepare you for a PhD – it’s still a strong entry route and you’ll gain the specialist skills and knowledge you need.

Where an MRes tips the scales if you’re going on to PhD study, is in the more extensive research training it offers. Because of the research experience you’ll gain, it also might give you more of a taste of what a PhD or a research career would be like, allowing you to work out if that is the right path for you.

Want to know how to start preparing for the next stage of your higher education? Check out our step-by-step guide on How to apply for a Master’s or browse our full list of Postgraduate courses to find one that’s suitable for you. Why not read Hannah’s story to learn how she decided that a Master of Research degree was the right choice for her .

Published By Anna Brown on 12/10/2021 | Last Updated 23/01/2024

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• pass degree
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M.Sc Ph.D Integrated Course, Eligibility, Admission, Syllabus, Scope & Career

• What is M.Sc Ph.D

M.Sc Ph.D is a three to six years-long dual degree programme that combines MSc and P.hD. This integrated course rewards a student with a double degree. A M.Sc. is a postgraduate degree in science discipline. Candidates who have completed a B.Sc. are eligible for enrolling in M.Sc. While a PhD is a doctoral level research degree programme. Candidates who have completed 10+2+3+2 or 10+2+4 level course are eligible for enrolling in the Ph.D. course. The multi-disciplinary curriculum covers the core and elective course modules. M.Sc. Ph.D integrated course is designed to fulfil the requirements of a modern researcher of familiarity with the experimental and theoretical fields.

What is M.Sc. Ph.D full form?

M.sc ph.d highlights, m.sc. ph.d fee structure, why choose m.sc ph.d, m.sc ph.d eligibility, m.sc. ph.d. skills, m.sc ph.d admission process, m.sc ph.d entrance examinations, m.sc. ph.d. cut off, m.sc ph.d syllabus, m.sc. ph.d. specialisations, what after m.sc ph.d dual degree, career opportunities after m.sc ph.d dual degree, top private m.sc. ph.d. colleges, top government m.sc. ph.d. colleges.

M.Sc. PhD stands for Master of Science- Doctor of Philosophy. It is an integrated programme designed by combining postgraduate degree M.Sc. and doctoral degree Ph.D. It involves advanced courses, foundation courses, and research work. Students are rewarded with M.Sc and Ph.D degrees on completion of the one-degree program.

This M.Sc. Ph.D dual degree program consists of two semesters, and for the first two years in each, students are dedicated to pursuing some small research projects. They are given a choice to select their guides and laboratories during this period. The next 4.5 to 5 years of the candidate's educational journey revolves around research. M.Sc Ph.D integrated course is ideal as it spares additional years for those students who pursue both M.Sc and Ph.D separately.

M.Sc.-Ph.D dual degree program fee structure varies significantly across government and private-run institutions. The fee structure at public institutions fluctuates between Rs. 60,000 to Rs. 2.38 Lakhs per academic year. The fee structure at private institutions fluctuates between Rs. 2.60 Lakh to Rs. 11.20 Lakh per academic year.

On average, top institutions like IIT-Bombay charges Rs. 50,000 per academic year, IIT- Kanpur charges Rs. Thirty-six thousand per academic year, and IIT- Kharagpur charges Rs. 12,000 per academic year. Other than the tuition fee, these charges often include the library fees, hostel charges, campus development charges, museums/ art visits, and incidentals. Public colleges typically charge a lower fee.

It is an integrated course of Master of Science with Doctorate of Philosophy ideal for students with scientific vigour for theoretical knowledge and research.

Depending on the choice or interest, students can choose a specialisation that edges their research-oriented skills and aids them in constructing a career in this field. M.Sc Ph.D integrated course is an ideal programme for students with an inclination towards advanced research in fundamental sciences.

M.Sc. Ph.D dual degree is a program explicitly designed for students who choose to pursue a research-oriented career.

The M.Sc-Ph.D integrated degree program involves research work, foundation courses, and advanced courses that rewards students with both the M.Sc and Ph.D course programs simultaneously on completion of one program.

Students who complete the M.Sc+Ph.D integrated degree course will be paid a stipend for their fellowship associated with the institution.a

The Master of Science with Doctorate of Philosophy degree program typically includes writing a thesis or dissertation in the M.Sc period.

The M.Sc course program is designed for those students with a want to involve themselves in scientific research & theoretical knowledge with specialisations in the field of interest.

Students with an M.Sc+Ph.D integrated degree course can get an average starting pay package of INR 26,000/- to 30,000/- per month, depending on the job profile and employment area.

The institutions like Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar , University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata IIT, Kharagpur , offer the M.Sc+Ph.D integrated course.

The eligibility criterion for the M.Sc Ph.D integrated degree is similar to various integrated programs in other disciplines. The following candidates are eligible for an M.sc Ph.D course -

Eligibility Criteria

Candidates with a Bachelor's degree in Biotechnology or Chemistry or Pharmacy or Biology or Mathematics or Agriculture or Veterinary Sciences or Physics as applicable to individual disciplines, under the 10+2+3/4 system, can apply to this program.

Candidates with BE or B. Tech degree programs who qualify in the Mathematics or Mathematical Statistics paper in the JAM entrance exam can apply for the Mathematical Sciences.

Students with BE or B. Tech degree programs who qualify in the Biotechnology paper in the JAM entrance exam can apply to the Biological Sciences.

Candidates who have cleared JEST are eligible to apply for an M.Sc Ph.D integrated degree.

Candidates who seek admission for M.sc Ph.D integrated degree at IISc should qualify in the JAM Entrance examination.

Additional Criteria Requirements

The minimum eligibility criteria for admission in M.Sc. Ph.D integrated degree program is an aggregate of 55 percent to 60 percent and above or equivalent grade in the Bachelor’s degree.

The minimum eligibility criteria for SC/ST candidates are relaxed to pass class over the first class in the qualifying examination.

Departmental specifications require an eligibility criterion of subjects at the Bachelor's or 10+2 standard levels. To deem eligible for certain institutional departments, candidates must ensure that these requirements are met.

Final year graduates - students appearing for their final year qualifying examination and awaiting the results are also eligible to apply. However, this sect of students should have met the eligibility criteria for the award of the qualifying degree, including all the entrance examinations, dissertation projects, and viva-voce at the time of admission.

Candidates who pursue M.Sc. Ph.D. integrated course develop following skills over the period of time being enrolled in the dual degree integrated programme.

The admission procedure for M.Sc. Ph.D. dual degree program consists of a written test - Entrance examination. Candidates need to qualify in the written entrance test. Qualified students will be called for final selection. Qualified students will have to complete a six-year course. Upon successful completion, students can successfully start with their course program.

Aspirants must appear for an entrance examination to get admission into M.Sc. Ph.D integrated course there are various institutions-based entrance examinations for the M.Sc. Ph.D dual degree program. However, the top four entrance examination are as follows:

M.Sc Ph.D Entrance Exam

Admissions to M.Sc. Ph.D. programmes are provided on the basis of candidates performance in the entrance examination or merit of previously passing examinations. Several institutions conduct their own entrance examination to provide admissions while the rest accept the scores of national and state level entrance examinations. We have provided below details of major M.Sc. Ph.D. entrance examinations.

JEE Advanced: JEE Advanced is also known as Joint Entrance Examination Advanced. It is a national level entrance examination famous for providing admissions in engineering colleges. JEE Advanced score is valid for admissions in technical and architectural courses.

BITSAT: BITSAT stands for Birla Institute of Technology and Science Admission Test. BIT SAT is a university level entrance examination conducted to provide admissions in various academic courses running in college.

AP EAMCET: AP EAMCET stands for Andhra Pradesh Engineering, Agriculture and Medicine Common Entrance Test. It is a state level examination conducted to provide admissions to eligible candidates in academic courses of engineering, agriculture and medicine disciplines.

KIITEE : KIITEE stands for Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Entrance Examination. It is a university level entrance examination conducted to provide admissions to various academic courses running in university.

CUSAT CAT : CUSAT CAT stands for Cochin University of Science and Technology Common Admission Test. It is a university level examination conducted to provide admissions in various academic disciplines running in Cochin University.

Cut off is the minimum requirement of percentage, marks or scores acquired by candidates in the previously passing examination or entrance examination. Cut off is released every year by colleges to provide admissions. Those who secure more scores or higher rank than cut off or equivalent to it are eligible for further participation in the admission process and get themselves enrolled in the respective course and college.

Popular Engineering Colleges in India

We have provided below a list of popular engineering colleges. Aspirants who want to enroll in an engineering programme may check out the admission criteria and other details of these colleges.

Top Ph.D. Colleges by Location

There are plenty of Ph.D colleges in India . Candidates seeking admission in Ph.D. course may check top colleges offering the course in various locations with the assistance of table provided below.

The syllabus of integrated M.Sc. Ph.D integrated course may vary from college to college. After completion of a B.Sc. in any specialisation relevant to physics, chemistry, mathematics or biology, candidates can enroll in M.Sc. Ph.D. programme. We have provided below the syllabus of integrated M.Sc. Ph.D. depending on specialisations.

M.Sc. Ph.D Mathematics Syllabus:

Syllabus for Semesters 1 and 2

Syllabus for Semesters 3 and 4

M.Sc. Ph.D Chemistry Syllabus

Aspirants may check M.Sc. Ph.D. Chemistry syllabus provided below. The M.Sc. Ph.D. syllabus may vary from college to college. The M.Sc. Ph.D. syllabus combines the major subjects of both the course M.Sc. and Ph.D.

List of Electives for Chemistry

M.Sc. Ph.D Physics Syllabus

If you are willing to enroll in the M.Sc. Ph.D. integrated course with the specialisation in Physics. Then, you may check the syllabus provided below. It could vary from college to college. We have listed the majority of M.Sc. Ph.D. dual degree program in Physics subjects in the syllabus provided here.

List of Electives for Physics

There are numerous M.Sc. Ph.D. specialisations. The academic fee may vary depending on the specialisations offered in the MSc. Ph.D. Individuals may opt for a M.Sc. Ph.D. in any relevant specialisation after successful completion of B.Sc. We have listed below the major ones:

After receiving M.Sc. Ph.D dual Degree students have a plethora of options to choose that caters their education. In addition to campus placements, students are offered the roles as Research Scientist, Senior Research Scientist, or Professor at reputed institutions of their choice. Institutions often offer full-employment right after they complete their internship with the firm.

M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree offers students to experience innovative learning with outstanding knowledge. M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates are educated in sharing techniques and practical execution of ideas at a more significant level. As mentioned earlier, M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates can opt for their dream career in pots such as ONGC (Chemist Post), NTPC (Chemist), IOCL, BPCL, and more.

M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates are eligible to apply for the UPSC Geo-Scientist post for the Geological Survey Department. The job openings at the Geological Survey Department for scientist posts are available in the departments like ISRO, BARC, DRDO, and some more. For foreign universities, examinations like TOEFL and GRE are compulsory.

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Private Sector Career Options:

M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates have career scope in famous private firms such as IOCL inclusive of Japanese and German universities, Asain Paints, CIPLA, and ONGC. Several other companies such as Walmart, Fuzzy Logics, Goldman Sachs, Amazon, and Dunia Finance offer a pay package of Rs. 20 Lacs per annum to M.Sc.-Ph.D graduates.

Government Sector Career Options:

M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates hold a massive career scope in government sectors as follows:

Research or Scientists:

The candidates must qualify the CSIR NET Exam to get the Scientist or Researcher Position in any of the below-mentioned institutions.

• Nuclear Science Centre, New Delhi
• Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad
• Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO)
• Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
• Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata

Officer Jobs Profiles

Career prospects for M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates in India’s prestigious Government Organisations are:

• Bharat Petroleum
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
• National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)
• Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)
• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)

Assistant Professors

Career prospects for M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates as Assistant Professors at India’s Top Most Universities. Qualified candidates can apply for the Direct Recruitment process for the job profiles Assistant Professors or Lecturers in any reputed Indian University. However, the pay package depends on the candidate's skills and academic background. Candidates are hired on higher salary packages. Candidates need to qualify the UGC NET Exam to deem eligible to apply for the Lectureship Jobs in any reputed Indian University.

Railway Officer

There are various employment posts for qualified M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates in Indian Railways. Candidates can opt to employ in the following positions:

• Trainee Officer
• Honoring Visiting Specialist
• Project Associate
• Junior Research Fellow
• Deputy Country Representative
• Associate Analyst
• Research Associate
• Associate Software Engineer

Other Government Organisations

Below is a list of a few government organisations that offer other various platforms for M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates such as Universities, Ministries, and Banks.

• Wildlife Institute of India
• Punjab Agricultural University
• State Bank of India, SBI
• Regional Centre for Biotechnology, RCB
• Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, IACS
• Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
• ICMR - National Institute of Cancer Prevention
• Bank of India
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, HAL
• CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology
• National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, NIBMG
• Ministry of Agriculture & Welfare Affairs
• Central University of South Bihar
• Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
• National Seeds Corporation Limited
• National Payments Corporation of India, NPCI
• Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited, IFFCO
• Central Silk Board

Salary Prospects

There are numerous universities that offer various academic courses in disciplines of science. But, there are only a few colleges that offer M.Sc. Ph.D. integrated programme. We have listed below such top private M.Sc. Ph.D. colleges in India.

M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree program is a popular integrated course program across government and private-run institutions. Given below are a few public and private institutions that offer M.Sc.-Ph.D Integrated Degree programs. We have listed below top government M.Sc. Ph.D. colleges that offer this course.

M.Sc colleges by States

There are plenty of M.Sc. colleges in India . An M.Sc. can be pursued after successful completion of B.Sc. The admission process, eligibility criteria and fee structure of M.Sc. course may vary college to college.

PhD Colleges by States

PhD is a doctoral degree programme. It is usually offered with a duration of five to seven year. Candidates who successfully complete PhD may conduct their own independent research. They get opportunities in the academic sector as professor, lecturer or researcher in universities and colleges. Aspirants may check top PhD colleges located in various states with the help of table provided below.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

The primary difference that distinguishes between a ‘dual-degree program’ and that of joint M.Sc-Ph.D is that students cannot leave without completing his/her doctorate while pursuing a Joint M.Sc-Ph.D degree course. However, the former course programme gives students the option to move out with a Master's degree if they have no interest in studying further.

The course duration for the M.Sc-Ph.D course programme is between three to seven years.

To pursue M.Sc-Ph.D course programme, candidates should meet the following eligibility criteria:

An aggregate of 55 per cent to 60 per cent and above in B.Sc with first-class specifications in high and higher school ( 10 and 10+2)

Final year graduation students are eligible to apply.

A few of the entrance examinations for students to prepare for the MSc-PhD course are- JEE Advanced, AP EAMCET, BITSAT, CUSAT CAT, Symbiosis Entrance Test, JCECE, and IPU CET.

Graduates from this field have a great scope in both private and government organisations. M.Sc.-Ph.D Degree graduates can opt for their dream career in pots such as ONGC (Chemist Post), NTPC (Chemist), IOCL, BPCL, and more.

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Explore Career Options (By Industry)

• Construction
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• Information Technology

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Geotechnical engineer

The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction. 

The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art , science , and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Investment Banker

An Investment Banking career involves the invention and generation of capital for other organizations, governments, and other entities. Individuals who opt for a career as Investment Bankers are the head of a team dedicated to raising capital by issuing bonds. Investment bankers are termed as the experts who have their fingers on the pulse of the current financial and investing climate. Students can pursue various Investment Banker courses, such as Banking and Insurance , and  Economics to opt for an Investment Banking career path.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Operations manager.

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

Welding engineer.

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

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