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CSE Citation-Name Style
Reference style for books, journals, websites, & images, notes on using cse citation-name style.
- CSE- Name Year
- Specialized Citations
CSE has three citation styles, in CSE Citation-Name references are listed alphabetically and then numbered in your reference list. When citing references in the text of your project or paper you will refer to them by number. Use the appropriate reference number in superscript after the information you are citing.
CSE style uses a reference list, not a bibliography, which means that you only list items you cite in your project or paper. There must be agreement between the sources cited in your work and the sources listed in the references section.
- Citing Books
- Citing Journals
- Citing Webpages
- Citing Images
This video will lead you through finding the elements to appropriately cite a book in CSE Citation-Name style. (4:36min)
Book Citation Examples:
Chapter of a book:.
Template: Author(s). Title. Edition. Publisher location: Publisher; Year. Extent*. Notes**.
8. Honigsbaum M. The fever trail: in search of the cure for malaria. New York (NY): Picador; 2003. Chapter 2, The cure; p.19-38.
Chapter of an edited book, where each chapter has its own author:
Template: Author(s) Chapter title. In: Editors(s), editors . Title. Publisher location: Publisher; Year. Extent*. Notes**.
9. Gillaspy AF, Landolo JJ. Staphylococcus. In: Schaechter M, editor. Encyclopedia of microbiology. 3rd ed. Boston (MA): Elsevier/Academic Press; 2009. Vol. 2, p. 293-303.
10. Tramont EC. Treponema pallidum (syphilis). In: Mandell GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practices of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2010. p. 3035-3053.
NOTE: Even though this second source has two volumes, many sections, and chapters, these do not have to be listed as part of the extent because this source has continuous pagination (i.e.. volume 2 starts with page 1907). One can find the appropriate chapter in the multi-volume set just by knowing the page range.
For electronic books, add the cited date in brackets after the publication date. Also add the URL or DOI to the notes section (end of the reference):
Authored book template: Author(s) or Editor(s). Title . Edition. Publisher location: Publisher; Year [cited date] . Extent*. Notes**.
2. Kimberlin DW, Long SS, Pickering LK, Baker CJ, American Academy of Pediatrics, editors. Red book: 2012 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Elk Grove Village (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012 [cited 2014 May 2]. Pertussis (whooping cough); p. 553-556. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip&db=nlebk&AN=567191&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_553.
Edited book template: Author(s) Chapter title. In: Editors(s), editors . Title. Publisher location: Publisher; Year [cited date] . Extent*. Notes**.
1. Aldridge S. Malaria. In: Lerner BW, Lerner KL, editors. Infectious diseases: in context. Detroit (MI): Gale; 2008 [cited 2010 May 5]. p. 515-522. Available from: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|1RIG&v=2.1&u=seattlepu&it=aboutBook&p=GVRL&sw=w.
NOTE: URL is given in the notes section for online resources, starting with Available from:
*Extent is the part of the book you are referencing: volume, chapter, chapter title, page numbers for the full chapter. Some eBooks do not have page numbers, in that case just omit them, and put a period after previous element (either chapter title or cited date brackets). **There are not usually notes in a print book, but for online books this is where you put the URL or DOI.
This video will lead you through finding the elements to appropriately cite a journal article in CSE Citation-Name style. (3:46min)
Journal Citation Examples:
Print Journal Template: Author(s). Article Title. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year;volume(issue):page numbers. Notes*.
1. Mahmud K, Vance ML. Human growth hormone and aging. New Engl J Med. 2003;348(2):2256-2257.
3. Smith EW, Vance ML, Bartel D, Joy E, Janus J, Qui W, Pa J, Hobbes C, Cant G, Kant W, and others. Avian flu in China. New Engl J Med. 2005;372:2275-2282.
Online Journal Template: Author(s). Article Title. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year [cited date] ;volume(issue):page numbers or electronic record number. Notes*.
2. Martins KAO, Steffens JT, van Tongeren SA, Wells JB, Bergeron AA, Dickson SP, Dye JM, Salazar AM, Bavari S. Toll-like receptor agonist augments virus-like particle-mediated protection from Ebola virus with transient immune activation. PLoS One. 2014 Feb [cited 2014 Apr 18];9(2):e89735. Available from: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0089735. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089735.
*If you have a URL or DOI, please include it at the end of your citation. If you have a DOI for your article (print or online), please include it at the end of your citation in the following format: doi:10.1007/s10344-014-0825-0
Journal titles must be abbreviated using NLM format.
To search for the official an abbreviation by journal name consult: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals (please note - one word journal titles are not abbreviated, for example the for the journal Nature, the title would still be Nature)
This video will lead you through finding the elements to appropriately cite a website in CSE Citation-Name style. (5min)
Webpage Citation Examples:
Template: Author(s). Page title. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year [updated date; cited date]. Notes*.
1. Pertussis: practice essentials. New York (NY): WebMD LLC; c2014 [updated 2014 Jan 31; cited 2014 Apr 26]. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967268-overview.
2. Plague: ecology and transmission. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); [updated 2012 Jun 13; cited 2014 Apr 26]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/plague/transmission/index.html.
NOTES: All website references must include a date, location, and publisher name - if you cannot find this information you should say [date unknown], [place unknown], or [publisher unknown] as appropriate. Do some searching - e.g. check about us section - before determining that these items are truly unknown. (exception: Government website reference do not include the date (e.g. c2014) and this element can be omitted without noting [date unknown])
All other elements of the reference - e.g. author or updated date - are optional, simply omit if you cannot determine them.
*the URL is given in the notes section for webpages, starting with Available from:
Project images do not have an entry in the reference list. Instead give the full reference as part of the image description (see example below). This means that sources used only for their images should not be included in the references section of your project.
Use the appropriate CSE reference format for where your found your image: For example, if you are taking the image from a book, it will have a CSE book format reference, while an image from a journal article will use the journal reference format. In the example below, the image source has a website citation format because the image was found on a webpage.
Each image should have a title above the image, and the description beneath the image. The image description must include a full CSE citation unless:
- the image comes from a source that is also used in the text of your project AND THEN is also used for an image. In this case, you may give the appropriate superscript number at the end of the image title and omit the reference from the image description.
- the image is your intellectual property, e.g. your own drawing or photograph, then simply say, "Source: Author" after the image description.
- the image is part of the poster background AND is either free clip art or your intellectual property (e.g. you drew it yourself), then no reference is needed (title and description may also be omitted).
Example of an image found on a webpage, note title above image and description (including CSE website reference) below image:
In CSE Citation-Name format references are listed alphabetically and then the reference list is numbered. When citing in the text of your document, you will refer to them by number. Use the appropriate reference number in superscript within or at the end of a paragraph or bulleted line.
CSE style uses a reference list, not a bibliography, which means that you only list items cited in your poster. There must be agreement between the sources cited in your work and the sources listed in the reference section.
Special notes about in-text citations and creating CSE references:
In-text citations:
- The in-text citation should be put as close as possible to information it is referring to and within the period, for example: "...the cinder ballast of the railroad track 1 and to sterile strips of land along highways 2 ."
- If a section of bulleted lines all pertain to the same source, then introduce the list with a superscripted phrase such as, “according to Smith there are four factors: 1 ” then present the list.
- Place the superscript number at the end of the caption when citing all graphs, pictures or illustrations from sources that are also used in the text of your paper. (If your image is from a source not also used in the text of your paper, simply cite your source directly under the image.)
- There is no need to use citations in your Abstract unless you are quoting a source. But, in the rest of the poster, whenever you have stated some fact or figure, particular thought or quote that came from a source you consulted, you must cite the publication in the text or at the end of a bulleted statement or bulleted section.
Reference List:
- Website and book references should include date, location, and publisher name – if you cannot find this information you should say [date unknown], [place unknown], or [publisher unknown] as appropriate.
- Journal titles are abbreviated. Consult: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7251/ to identify how specific words are abbreviated. To search for an abbreviation by journal name consult: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals
- When there are 2 to 10 authors, all should be named, including the 10 th author in a reference; if there are more than 10 authors, the 1 st to 10 th are listed, followed by “and others”. For example:
12. Smith EW, Vance ML, Bartel D, Joy E, Janus J, Qui W, Pa J, Hobbes C, Cant G, Kant W, and others. Avian flu in China. N Engl J Med. 2005; 372: 2275-82.
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- Free Tools for Students
- CSE Citation Generator
Free CSE Citation Generator
Generate accurate CSE citations for books, websites, journals and more, with MyBib!

🤔 What is a CSE Citation Generator?
A CSE citation generator is an online tool that creates citations in the Council of Science Editors (CSE) citation style. It does this automatically by taking in an identifier for a document, such as a website URL, book ISBN, or journal DOI, and then formatting the citation correctly using the remaining details.
🤓 What is the CSE citation style?
The CSE citation style is a citation style created by the Council of Science Editors, a non-profit organization. They publish the CSE style guidelines in the CSE Scientific Style and Format Manual , now on the 8th edition.
There are three ways to correctly cite sources in the CSE style. They should not be mixed together (format all citations the same way).
- Name-Year (N-Y): Also known as author-date, the author name and publication year are surrounded with parenthesis and placed next to the cited text as an in-text citation. The reference list at the end of the article is ordered alphabetically by the author's last name.
- Citation-Name (C-N): Superscripted numbers (example: ¹) are placed next to cited text as an in-text citation. The reference list is still sorted alphabetically by the author's last name, but the corresponding in-text citation number is prepended to each reference to connect both of them together.
- Citation-Sequence (C-S): Similar to Citation-Name, superscripted numbers are used next to cited text and are also prepended to the author's name in the reference list, but the reference list is sorted by the citation number in ascending order instead of the author's last name.
👩🎓 Who uses a CSE Citation Generator?
The CSE style is used broadly across the sciences--especially biology, where it originated. If you are studying the sciences, or you are writing to be published in an CSE publication (such as Science Editor ), then you will likely need to cite your sources using the CSE style.
🙌 Why should I use a CSE Citation Generator?
Every academic field, not just the sciences, will recommend using a tool to record references to others' work in your writing. A citation generator like MyBib can record this data, and can also automatically create an accurate bibliography from it, with the necessary in-text citations too.
⚙️ How do I use MyBib's CSE Citation Generator?
MyBib's CSE citation generator was designed to be accurate and easy to use (also it's FREE!). Follow these steps:
- Search for the article, website, or document you want to cite using the search box at the top of the page.
- Look through the list of results found and choose the one that you referenced in your work.
- Make sure the details are all correct, and correct any that aren't. Then click Generate!
The generator will produce a formatted CSE citation that can be copied and pasted directly into your document, or saved to MyBib as part of your overall reference list (which can be downloaded fully later!).

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.
CSE Name-Year
In this CSE citation system, references in your text give the last name of the author or authors and the year of publication within parentheses. These parenthetical refer to sources listed at the end of the document.
In-text references
CSE’s name-year in-text reference takes the form of the author’s last name and the year of publication, in parentheses.
Cite a source written by one author
The rapid discovery of the unique mechanisms underlying crown gall disease demonstrated how quickly an area could advince given significant investment and competition (Zambryski 1988).
Cite a source written by two authors
Initial infection of tubers by H. solani occurs in the field either from the seed tuber (Jellis and Taylor 1977) or soil (Merida and Loria 1994).
Cite a source written by three or more authors
For example, terrestrial carbon can play a central role in supporting lake food webs (Pace et al. 2004), while the problem of aquatic ecosystem eutrophication is driven by urban and agricultural land use that contributes nutrients to downstream aquatic systems (Carpenter et al. 1998).
Where to cite
Cite sources as close as practicable to the information they support. This might mean citing a source at the end of a sentence or in the middle of a sentence. This might lead to long sentences, with citations immediately following the topics with which those sources are associated:
Although “target” ranges of MUN have been proposed (Hof et al. 1997; Kohn et al. 2002), its use as a management tool on farms remains uncertain because of permanent or temporary effects specific to herds (e.g., rolling herd average for milk production; Rajala-Schultz and Saville 2003), cows within a herd (e.g., breed, parity, stage of lactation; Godden et al. 2001), DHI test-day level of milk production (Johnson and Young 2003), method of sampling (morning vs. evening; Godden et al. 2001), method of analysis (Peterson et al. 2004; Kohn et al. 2004), and time-dependent factors such as month (Arunvipas et al. 2003) or season (Godden et al. 2001).
If you name your author in the sentence near the citation, you do not need to repeat that name in the citation itself:
In this study we develop a conceptual model for understanding the linkages between aquatic habitats and the surrounding terrestrial landscape, building on ideas presented by Polis and Hurd (1996) and Gasith and Hasler (1976) who examined spatial linkages between islands and the surrounding sea and terrestrial organic inputs into lakes, respectively.
Cite a source written by an organization
When citing an organization, corporation, or university as an author, use an abbreviation or acronym to avoid interrupting your text with a long citation.
Holstein dairy cows in the Dairy Herd Improvement program born in 2009 compared to 1990 had a 28-percent-greater milk yield (26,861 pounds vs. 20,959 pounds) (AIPL 2011).
Here is what the reference list entry for this source would look like:
AIPL (Animal Improvement Program Laboratory), USDA. 2011. Trend in milk BV for Holstein [Internet]. [Cited 20 June 2013.] Available from http://aipl.arsusda.gov/eval/summary/trend.cfm?R_Menu=HO#StartBody.
Cite a work cited by your source (secondary citation)
Secondary citations refer to material that you have not seen in its original form but rather have obtained from another document that cited the original source. In the 2006 edition of the CSE Manual, secondary citations are not listed as a valid form of citation. Instead, find and cite the original source.
Quote or excerpt a source
Although CSE provides rules for how to quote or excerpt sources, in practice almost no scientists publishing in journals that use CSE documentation choose to quote sources. Instead, these authors paraphrase or simply cite authors.
When you quote or excerpt a source, include an in-text reference to help your reader see what source you are quoting from. The seventh edition of the CSE Manual does not provide specific rules for identifying the page number or other location information for that source.
The below examples demonstrate how journals adapt CSE’s guidelines to include page numbers after the year of publication:
Farmers participating in these knowledge networks, Hassanein writes, “challenged the power relations in agricultural knowledge production and distribution by relying on their own and members’ experiential knowledge” (Hassanein 1997, 304). Similarly, Hayward, Simpson, and Wood (2004:95) describe “a mythologizing of the power of participatory methodologies to accomplish problem solving, emancipation or empowerment.”
Cite multiple sources in a sentence
Multiple works by different authors.
Put the sources in chronological order from oldest to most recent (and alphabetically if published in the same year). Separate studies by semicolon:
Readers curious about plant pathogenic bacteria are encouraged to explore the following and other older sources, which describe key research questions that remain unsolved (Smith 1920; Walker 1963; Schuster and Coyne 1974; Vidaver 1981; Mount and Lacy 1982; Starr 1984; Billing 1987; Nester 2004). Theoretical studies suggest that plant diversity is a primary determinant of animal diversity (Hutchison 1959; Rosenzweig 1995; Knops et al. 1999), and experimental work has demonstrated a positive relationship between plant diversity and upper trophic-level diversity (Siemann 1998; Siemann et al. 1998; Knops et al. 1999; Koricheva et al. 2000; Haddad 2001).
Multiple works by the same author or set of authors (different years)
Cite them by naming the author, or set of authors, once and listing the years separated by commas:
Similarly, a series of epidemiological studies of P. syringae as a bean epiphyte and pathogen by Hirano and Upper laid the foundation for elegant experiments showing that type III secreted effectors and the Gac regulon are each critical for epiphytic fitness in the field; these important phenotypes were invisible in the controlled environment of a growth chamber (Upper and Hirano 1996; Hirano et al. 1997, 1999).
Multiple works by the same author or set of authors (same year)
Add a letter after the year to help your reader see which source in your reference list you mean. Assign letters chronologically, so that the work that was published first is listed, for example, as 2002a.
Mobile organisms that regularly traverse ecosystem boundaries have the capacity to deliver nutrients and energy, and affect consumers within a recipient ecosystem (Lundberg and Moberg 2003) including vertebrate (Sabo and Power 2002b) and invertebrate taxa (Henschel et al. 2001b, Yang 2006).
Here is what the end references for the Sabo and Power sources look like:
Sabo JL, Power ME. 2002a. River-watershed exchange: effects of riverine subsidies on riparian lizards and their terrestrial prey. Ecology 83(7): 1860-1869. Sabo JL, Power ME. 2002b. Numerical response of lizards to aquatic insects and short-term consequences for terrestrial prey. Ecology 83(11): 3023-3036.
Multiple works by the same first author but by different additional authors (same year)
If you are citing works published by the same first author in the same year but with different groups of additional authors, CSE’s official rule is that you should name as many authors as necessary for your reader to be able to distinguish each source.
Recent studies investigating the location of the Vitamin D3 receptor (Wang and DeLuca 2011; Wang, Borchert, et al. 2012; Wang, Marling, et al. 2012; Wang, Zhu, et al. 2012) suggest that . . .
However, many publishers simplify this rule so that the primary author in a group of 3 or more total authors authors is classed as one group. In other words, “Wang et al.” counts as one author, even though the “et al.” may be different people on different studies:
Recent studies investigating the location of the Vitamin D3 receptor (Wang and DeLuca 2011; Wang et al. 2012a, 2012b, 2012c) suggest that . . .
End references and the reference list
The goal of your reference list is to help your reader identify each numbered source quickly and clearly. CSE has standardized the information to be provided for ease and predictability of reading.
What to call your reference list
“Reference list” is CSE’s generic term for the list of sources at the end of your document. Your list should be given a more formal title: References or Cited References . If you used some documents as sources but did not cite them in your paper, list them alphabetically by author under the heading Additional References .
Format your end references
Otegui MS, Kiessling LL, Batzli J.
Allen C, Bent A, Charkowski AO. 2009. Bennett AB, Gratton C. 2012. Bennett AB, Gratton C. 2013. Gratton C, Vander Zanden MJ. 2009
The fat-soluble vitamins: handbook of lipid research 2.
In vitro and in vivo reconstitution of the cadherin-catenin-actin complex from Caenorhabditis elegans.
Livestock Prod Sci. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. J Dairy Sci.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 50:425-49. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 24(7):773-86.
Examples of end references
References for books follow the order Author(s). Year. Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent.
Allen C, Prior P, Hayward AC. 2005. Bacterial wilt: the disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. St. Paul (MN): APS Press 508 p.
[A book’s extent in number of pages (“508 p.” in the example above) is optional but provides useful information.]
Book chapter
References for chapters or other parts of a book follow the order Author(s). Year. Chapter title. In: Editor(s). Book title. Place of publication: publisher. Page numbers for that chapter.
Allen, C. 2007. Bacteria, bioterrorism, and the geranium ladies of Guatemala. In: Cabezas AL, Reese E, Waller M, editors. Wages of empire: neoliberal policies, repression, and women’s poverty. Boulder (CO): Paradigm Press. p. 169-177. Otegui MS. 2007. Endosperm: development and molecular biology. In: Olson OA, editor. Endosperm cell walls: formation, composition, and functions. Heidelberg (Germany): Springer-Verlag. p. 159-178.
Journal article
References for journal articles follow the order Author(s). Year. Article title. Abbreviated journal title. Volume(issue):pages.
To save space, CSE suggests that writers abbreviate the titles of journals in according to the ISO 4 standard, which you can read about at ISSN. You can also search ISSN’s List of Title Word Abbreviations.
Flores-Cruz Z, Allen C. 2011. Necessity of OxyR for the hydrogen peroxide stress response and full virulence in Ralstonia solanacearum. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77(18):6426-6432. Powell JM, Wattiaux MA, Broderick GA. 2011. Evaluation of milk urea nitrogen as a management tool to reduce ammonia emissions from dairy farms. J Dairy Sci. 94(9):4690-4694 Wang Y, Zhu J, DeLuca HF. 2012. Where is the vitamin D receptor? Arch Biochem Biophys. 523(1):123-33.

Journal article found online
Reference list information for articles found online adds a medium designator—[Internet], including the brackets—at the end of the title of the journal, as well as a citation date and a URL.
The CSE Manual does not explicitly require this information if the online content is identical to the print content.
Werling BP, Lowenstein DM, Straub CS, Gratton C. 2012. Multi-predator effects produced by functionally distinct species vary with prey density. J Insect Sci [Internet]. [cited 12 Sep 2013];12(30). Available from: insectscience.org/12.30 8 Bennett AB, Gratton C. 2013. Floral diversity increases beneficial arthropod richness and decreases variability in arthropod community composition. Ecol Appl [Internet]. [cited 12 Sep 2013];23(1):86-95. Available from: http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/gratton/files/2013/03/Ecological-Applications.pdf
Internet resource
Williamson RC. 2004. Deciduous tree galls [Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin-Madison; [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/pddc/files/Fact_Sheets/FC_PDF/Deciduous_Tree_Galls.pdf ASAP: systematic annotation package for community analysis of genomes [Internet]. 2013. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin-Madison; [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from http://www.genome.wisc.edu/tools/asap.htm Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee. 2009. University of Wisconsin-Madison policy for multisite research studies using human pluripotent stem cells [Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin-Madison; [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from http://www.grad.wisc.edu/admin/committees/scro/documents/MultisiteresearchpolicyFinal.pdf
Government document
Working Group on Diversity in the Biomedical Research Workforce (US). 2012. Draft report diversity in the biomedical research workforce [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from http://acd.od.nih.gov/Diversity%20in%20the%20Biomedical%20Research%20Workforce%20Report.pdf
Dissertation
Oliver SS. 2012. Context dependent protein interpretation of the histone language [dissertation]. University of Wisconsin-Madison. 238 p.
Conference presentation or lecture
If a conference paper is subsequently published, either in the proceedings of the conference or in a journal, cite as a chapter in a book or as an article in a journal. Otherwise, cite as follows.
Vierstra R. 2011. Atomic perspectives on phytochrome photoactivation and signaling. Paper presented at: Steenbock 35. Proceedings of the 35th Steenbock Symposium on Advances in Biomolecular NMR; Madison, WI.
References for this page
All examples on this page are taken from publications by UW-Madison professors, postdocs, and graduate students. Note that CSE doesn’t call for hyperlinks.
Allen C, Bent A, Charkowski AO. 2009. Underexplored niches in research on plant pathogenic bacteria. Plant Physiol [Internet]. [Cited 20 June 2013.] 150(4):1631-1637. Available from http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/150/4/1631.full Bennett AB, Gratton C. 2012. Measuring natural pest suppression at different spatial scales affects the importance of local variables. Environ Entomol. 41(5):1077-85. Bennett AB, Gratton C. 2013. Floral diversity increases beneficial arthropod richness and decreases variability in arthropod community composition. Ecol Appl. 23(1):86-95. Charkowski A, Blanco C, Condemine G, Expert D, Franza T, Hayes C, Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat N, Lopez Solanilla E, Low D, Moleleki L, et al. 2012. The role of secretion systems and small molecules in soft-rot enterobacteriaceae pathogenicity . Annu Rev Phytopathol. 50:425-49. Dreyer J, Hoekman D, Gratton C. 2012. Lake-derived midges increase abundance of shoreline terrestrial arthropods via multiple trophic pathways . Oikos [Internet]. [Cited 20 June 2013.] 121:252-258. Available from http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/gratton/files/2012/04/Dreyer-et-al.-2012-Lake%E2%80%90derived-midges-increase-abundance-of-shorelin.pdf Gratton C, Vander Zanden MJ. 2009. Flux of aquatic insect productivity to land: comparison of lentic and lotic ecosystems. Ecology 90(10):2689-2699. Lyon A, Bell MM, Croll NS, Jackson R, Gratton C. 2010. Maculate conceptions: power, process, and creativity in participatory research . Rural Sociology [Internet]. [cited 20 Jun 2013];75(4):538-559. Available from http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/gratton/files/2012/01/Lyons-et-al-2010-Rural-Soc-Maculate-conceptions.pdf Lyon A, Bell MM, Gratton C, Jackson R. 2011. Farming without a recipe: Wisconsin graziers and new directions for agricultural science . J Rural St [Internet]. [cited 20 June 2013];27:384-393. Available from http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/gratton/files/2012/01/Lyon_Farmingworecipe2011.pdf Mattupalli C, Genger RK, Charkowski AO. 2013. Evaluating incidence of Helminthosporium solani and Colletotrichum coccodes on asymptomatic organic potatoes and screening potato lines for resistance to silver scurf. Am J Potato Res [Internet]. [Cited 20 June 2013.] Available from http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12230-013-9314-3.pdf Thomas DL. 2012. Utilization and potential of estimates of genetic value from an industry perspective . Sheep & Goat [Internet]. 27:13-15. Wang Y, DeLuca HF. 2011. Is the vitamin d receptor found in muscle? Endocrinology. 152(2):354-63. Wang Y, Borchert ML, Deluca HF. 2012a. Identification of the vitamin D receptor in various cells of the mouse kidney . Kidney Int. 81(10):993-1001. Wang Y, Marling SJ, Zhu JG, Severson KS, DeLuca HF. 2012b. Development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice requires vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 29;109(22):8501-4. Wang Y, Zhu J, DeLuca HF. 2012c. Where is the vitamin D receptor? Arch Biochem Biophys. 523(1):123-33.

Council of Science Editors Documentation
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CSE Table of Contents
Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name

CSE Style Guide, for 7th Edition
- Paper Formatting
- Style Handbooks
- Books / E-books
- Journal/Magazine/Newspaper
- Interviews / Personal Communications
- Websites/Pages
- Audiovisual Materials
- Books / E-Books
- Interviews / Personal Communication
- Website / Webpage
Introduction
A note on citing materials found on a website: If you’re citing formal documentation (e.g. Word, PDF documents) found on a website, you should cite it like a book or journal article you found online (including all relevant publisher information and a URL). If you're citing a specific web page, include the title of the web page, along with the publication date, after the publisher information
Citations from website/page sources require some or all of the following elements:
- Author (last name, first/middle initials).
- Date of publication or last updated, preceded by 'c'.
- Title of Website [Internet].
- Place of publication (City (State initials)) and publisher name/organization.
- Title of web page; publication date (if referencing a specific web page)
- Update and/or Access date [updated year abbreviated month day; cited year abbreviated month day].
- Estimate of material size (e.g number of screens, pages, file size) if citing single web page resource, in brackets.
- Available from: URL.
Basic Layout
Author last name first/middle initials. c(year published). Title of website [Internet]. Publication city(state): Publisher/Organization. [updated year abbreviated month day; cited year abbreviated month day]. Available from: URL
APSnet: plant pathology online [Internet]. c1994-2005. St Paul (MN): American Phytopathological Association. [cited 2005 Jun 20]. Available from: http://www.apsnet.org/
Cleveland Clinic. c2006. The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): The Clinic; Smoking cessation; 2009 [cited 2010 Feb 8]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: http://www.clevelandclinic.org/services/smoking_cessation/hic_quitting_smoking.aspx UT Southwestern Medical Center [Internet]. 2005 Jun 14. Dallas (TX): University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Holographic movies show promise for medical, military applications. [cited 2005 Jun 26]. Available from: http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept37389/files/228328.html
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Citing Information: Sample References Page
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CSE / CBE: Sample Works-Cited Page
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CSE/CBE 8 th edition Name-Year: Sample References Page
We have used a hanging indent and double-spaced here for readability, but CSE style does not specify an indent or preferred line spacing in bibliographies. Instead, this decision is left at the publisher's (or your professor's) discretion.
In the Name-Year system, the end reference page is alphabetized based on the first letter of the citations. Names and titles are to be alphabetized together. For personal names, alphabetize based on the last name, including any particles ("de," "la," "von," etc) that precede the name. Disregard all punctuation and accent marks in the last name. For titles or organization names, ignore articles such as "a" and "the" (and equivalents in other languages) for alphabetization purposes. If an author has multiple works, list them chronologically.
What to include
Your bibliography should contain only those works that correspond to a citation in the body of your paper. If you wish to include additional references not cited in your paper, you may provide another list with the title "Additional Reading" or similar.
Bibliography
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How to Cite Sources
- MLA (7th Edition)
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Scientific Style and Format
Cse format basics, references examples, scientific writing.
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The current 7th edition of the Council of Science Editors' (CSE) Scientific Style and Format book was published in 2006. Prior to 2000, this citation style was known as CBE (Council of Biology Editors) . Be sure to always use the most current edition, or the one preferred by your course instructor.
The CSE Scientific Style offers three main styles of formatting in-text citations:
- Citation-sequence system
- Citation-name system
- Name-year system
See the manual for details of the advantages and disadvantages of each system, and how reference lists are formatted for each system.
- CSE (CBE) Citation Guide From Ohio State University Libraries - Examples of citations and formatting.
- Reference Links from the CSE Additional information and resources for researchers in the sciences. An online version of the text is NOT available from this website.
- Documenting Sources - CSE Style Diana Hacker provides an explanation of MLA style with instructions and examples on how to create in-text citations and reference lists, in addition to providing sample papers.
CSE(Council of Science Editors) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources in the sciences, including BIOLOGY.
In addition to the examples to the left, see these sections of the Scientific Style and Format guide for how to cite other sources in CSE style:
- Maps (Section 29.3.7.9, pg. 545-7)
- Audiovisuals (Section 29.3.7.11, pg. 548-52)
- Personal Communications (Section 29.3.7.15.3, pg. 568)
- Legal Materials (Section 29.3.7.10, pg. 547)
For a more detailed explanation of how to use CSE style, see the Scientific Style and Format text.
Based on CSE Scientific Style and Format, 7th Edition, 2006
*Use one of the following headings:
"References" "Cited References" "Literature Cited" "Bibliography"
Citation-sequence and citation-name styles
Name-year style.
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Citing Sources: CSE Style
What is cse style.
CSE (Council of Science Editors) Style is widely used in scientific disciplines, particularly in the natural and physical sciences. The CSE manual describes three systems of documentation. All three systems use a reference list at the end of the paper with complete source information. The Name-Year system uses parenthetical citations consisting of the author's last name and year of publication; the Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name systems both use numbered references in the text to refer to the reference list at the end. In Citation-Sequence, the reference list is presented and numbered in the order the sources appear in the text, while in Citation-Name, the reference list is numbered alphabetically by author's last name.
Official Guidance from the CSE
- Quick Guide to Scientific Style and Format From University of Chicago Press, the publishers of the CSE Manual.
Online CSE Name-Year Style Guides
- Citation Guide: CSE Name-Year System Guide to using parenthetical references in CSE Style, from the Writing Across the Curriculum Clearinghouse
- Cite Your Sources: CSE Name-Year From the University of Guelph -- see also their several videos on the guide
- The Writer's Handbook: CSE Documention Style Quick guide to both Name-Year and Citation-Sequence/Citation-Name systems, from the Writing Center at University of Wisconsin
Online CSE Citation-Name/Citation-Sequence Style Guides
- Citation Guide: CSE Citation-Sequence System Guide to using numbered references in CSE Style, from the Writing Across the Curriculum Clearinghouse
- Cite Your Sources: CSE CItation-Name From the University of Guelph; see also their several videos on the guide.
- The Writer's Handbook: CSE Documentation Style Quick guide to both Name-Year and Citation-Sequence/Citation-Name systems, from the Writing Center at University of Wisconsin
Books on CSE Style
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Penn State University Libraries
Cse quick citation guide.
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Writing Help
- Academic Integrity (Penn State) explains how to avoid plagiarism, cheating, and other academic integrity violations.
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- Style for Students Online Penn State guide by Joe Schall (College of Earth and Mineral Sciences)
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CSE Systems
CSE style describes three systems for references ; use the style which is commonly used in your discipline:
- Uses the surname of the author and the year of publication within the text to refer to the end references
- End references are then listed alphabetically by author and then by year.
- The general sequence of information in the end reference is author names are followed by the year of publication followed by the title , and additional items. In text example : By contrast, the several antisera that have been raised against Sp1, a defined RNA polymerase II transcription factor (Kadonaga 1986), stain exclusively the nucleus...
- Uses superscript numbers within the text to refer to the end references.
- End references are listed in the order they are referred to in the text.
- Subsequent citations to the same document use the same number as its initial citation.
- the general sequence of information in the end reference is author name, title, and additional items (including year of publication). In text example : Modern scientific nomenclature really began with Linnaeus in botany 1 , but other disciplines 2,3 were not many years behind in developing various systems 4-7 for nomenclature and symbolization.
- Uses superscript numbers within the text to refer to the end references.
- End references are listed alphabetically by author and then by title.
- The general sequence of information in the end reference is author name, title, and additional items (including year of publication). In text example : Modern scientific nomenclature really began with Linnaeus in botany 4 , but other discipline 1,5 were not many years behind in developing various systems 2-3,6,10 for nomenclature and symbolization.
General Principles
In the N-Y system, author names are followed by the year of publication, then the title, then all the other items.
In the C-S and C-N systems, the general sequence of information in a reference is author name, title, and then additional items (including year of publication).
Note: Author names with initials are recommended for reference lists that also include references to journal articles, for which names with initials are preferred. When there are 2-10 authors, all should be named; if more than 10 authors, list the first 10 followed by “and others”.
Note : throughout CSE style, no commas are used to offset the author's last name from his or her initials, no space separates the first and middle initial, and periods do not, in general, follow initials.
Note : in CSE style, titles of periodicals (newspapers, journals, magazines) are capitalized as they normally are; book titles and article titles have only the first word of the title (and of any subtitles), as well as proper nouns, capitalized. Obvious exceptions are capitalized abbreviations and symbols (e.g., HIV-1, DDAVP, pH).
- Scientific Style and Format Citation Quick Guide examples from the editors at the University of Chicago Press.
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
CSE style uses a reference list, not a bibliography, which means that you only list items you cite in your project or paper. There must be
Citation-Name: All references in the reference list are organized alphabetically by author last name, and assigned a number according to their order in the
References are listed alphabetically in the Reference. List. This system is very similar to APA style. Citation-sequence (C-S) system: Each source cited in the
A CSE citation generator is an online tool that creates citations in the Council of Science Editors (CSE) citation style. It does this automatically by
In this CSE citation system, references in your text give the last name of the author or authors and the year of publication within parentheses.
Webpages · Author (last name, first/middle initials). · Date of publication or last updated, preceded by 'c'. · Title of Website [Internet]. · Place
We have used a hanging indent and double-spaced here for readability, but CSE style does not specify an indent or preferred line spacing in
Format: Author(s). Date of publication. Title of book [medium designator]. Edition. Place of publication; publisher; [date updated;
CSE (Council of Science Editors) · Name-year: In text citations are in name-year format, e.g., (Barrow 2004), and the reference list is ordered
In Citation-Sequence, the reference list is presented and numbered in the order the sources appear in the text, while in Citation-Name
CSE Systems · Uses superscript numbers within the text to refer to the end references. · End references are listed alphabetically by author and