Essay on ISRO

500 words essay on isro.

ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization, is India’s national space agency that is located in the city of Bengaluru. Furthermore, the Department of Space Government of India controls the ISRO space agency. Let us learn more about this space agency with this essay on ISRO.

essay on isro

                                                                                                                                 Essay On Isro

About the ISRO Space Agency

The formation of ISRO took place in the year 1969. Furthermore, the vision behind the establishment of ISRO was to develop and harness space technology in national development. Moreover, this development and harnessing of space technology were to take place while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration.

ISRO is the successor of the Indian National Committee for Space Research whose establishment took place in the year 1962. ISRO now enjoys the reputation of being among the elite space agencies in the world.

As of now, ISRO is the primary Indian agency to perform activities related to the development of new technologies, space exploration, and space-based applications. Moreover, ISRO is among the only six government agencies that operate large fleets of artificial satellites, deploys cryogenic engines, undertakes extraterrestrial missions, and has full launch capabilities.

Throughout many years, ISRO incorporates space service for the benefit of the common man as well as the nation. Moreover, the maintenance of one of the largest fleets of communication satellites and remote sensing satellites takes place by ISRO. They serve the roles of fast and reliable communication as well as Earth observation.

Achievements of ISRO

The first Indian satellite that was built by ISRO was Aryabhata, whose launching took place on April 19 th , 1975. Furthermore, 1980 was another important year for ISRO because the launching of the Rohini satellite took place. Moreover, the successful placing of Rohini in the orbit took place by SLV-3.

In the year 2014 January, ISRO made use of an indigenously built cryogenic engine for GSLV-D5. Also, this was the launch of the GSAT-14 satellite . Most noteworthy, this made India one of the only six countries to develop a cryogenic technology.

Apart from technological capabilities, a lot of contribution has taken place by ISRO in the field of science. Furthermore, ISRO is in charge of its own Lunar and interplanetary missions. Moreover, ISRO controls various specific projects for the promotion of science education, and also to provide data to the scientific community.

The development of two rockets has taken place by ISRO, which are the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). Moreover, ISRO sent Chandrayaan-1, a lunar orbiter, on October 22nd 2008, which made the spectacular discovery of lunar water in ice form.

The Mars Orbiter Mission was sent by ISRO on November 5th 2013, which made its entry into the orbit of Mars on September 24th 2014, thereby making India successful with its attempt to Mars.

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Conclusion of the Essay on ISRO

There is no doubt that ISRO is really the pride of India. Furthermore, it has boosted the reputation of India in the world as a nation of scientific thought and development. Hopefully, ISRO will continue on its noble mission of space and technological exploration in the future.

FAQs For Essay on ISRO

Question 1: Mention some of the activities of ISRO?

Answer 1: Some of the activities of ISRO are the operation of large fleets of artificial satellites, deployment of cryogenic engines, undertaking extraterrestrial missions, and full launching capabilities.

Question 2: Mention any two satellites launched by ISRO?

Answer 2: Two satellites launched by ISRO are Aryabhata and Rohini. Furthermore, Aryabhata was the first Indian satellite that was built by ISRO. Moreover, Rohini was the first satellite whose placing took place in the orbit by SLV-3.

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ISRO | 10 Major Achievements And Contributions

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the space agency of India with its headquarters in the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka . Organized space research in India was initiated by Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai , who is widely regarded as the Father of the Indian Space Program . It was on his urging that the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was established in 1962 . INCOSPAR grew and became ISRO in 1969 . The Government of India established the Department of Space (DoS) in 1972 and brought ISRO under DoS management on June 1, 1972 . DoS, in turn, reports to the prime minister of India . ISRO built its first ever satellite Aryabhata in the early 1970s and it was launched with the help of the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975 . On July 18, 1980 , ISRO successfully launched SLV-3 making India only the seventh nation in the world to possess the capability to send objects into orbit using its own launch vehicles . ISRO hasn’t looked back since then and has accomplished several momentous feats including discovering the presence of water on the moon ; becoming the first organization to reach Mars in its maiden attempt ; and creating the world record of largest number of satellites launched on a single flight by any space agency. Know more about the contributions of Indian Space Research Organisation through its 10 major achievements.

#1 IT BUILT INDIA’S FIRST EVER SATELLITE ARYABHATA

Named after the eminent Indian astronomer and mathematician of the 5th century, Aryabhata was the first satellite developed by India and it was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) . The process of building it started from scratch and was realised within a period of 30 months by a young team of scientists and engineers led by Prof U R Rao . Aryabhata was launched on April 19, 1975 , to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomics and solar physics . Its launch made India the 13th nation to develop an artificial satellite . As of March 7, 2020 , over 80 countries have operated artificial satellites . However, the 360-kilogram Aryabhata was launched by the Soviet Union using their Kosmos-3M launch vehicle from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch site in Astrakhan Oblast . In 1972, an agreement between India and the Soviet Union enabled the successful launch where India allowed the Soviet Union to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching Indian satellites. Unfortunately, after four days, a failure in the satellite’s electrical power system halted experiments . Nonetheless, Aryabhata laid the foundation for India’s satellite program.

Aryabhata satellite

#2 INDIA IS ONE OF ONLY 9 NATIONS TO POSSESS PROVEN ORBITAL LAUNCH CAPABILITY

Started in the early 1970s, the Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV or SLV-3) project was a project of ISRO to develop the technology needed to launch satellites . The SLV is a small-lift rocket orbital launch vehicle intended to reach a height of 500 kilometres (310 miles) and carry a payload of 40 kilograms (88 pounds) . The first experimental flight of SLV-3, in August 1979, was a failure . However, on July 18, 1980, SLV-3 was successfully launched from Sriharikota range in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh . It deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit . It was the first successful satellite launch that took place on Indian soil. This made India only the seventh nation in the world to possess the capability to send objects into orbit using its own launch vehicles . Moreover, as of 2019, nine countries and one inter-governmental organization , the European Space Agency (ESA) , have a proven orbital launch capability . Only two of the four test flights of SLV-3 were successful with the last launch taking place in 1983 .

SLV Launch

#3 IT DEVELOPED THE HUGELY SUCCESSFUL PSLV

The successful SLV-3 launch was a massive boost for ISRO and it showed the way to other advanced launch vehicle projects. The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was designed to augment the payload capacity to 150 kg , thrice that of SLV-3. Under the ASLV programme, four developmental flights were conducted with the first on March 24, 1987 and the last on May 4, 1994 . The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle which is the third generation launch vehicle of India and it allowed ISRO the capability to launch satellites into polar orbits . PSLV allowed India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun-synchronous orbits . Moreover, it can also launch small satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) . After its first successful launch in October 1994, PSLV emerged as the reliable launch vehicle of ISRO with 39 consecutively successful missions by June 2017 . During the period, it launched 48 Indian satellites and 209 satellites for customers from abroad .

PSLV C35 at launch pad

#4 IT DEVELOPED AN OPERATIONAL CRYOGENIC ROCKET ENGINE

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is an expendable launch system for placing satellites into geostationary orbits . From its first flight on April 18, 2001 , it is the largest launch vehicle developed by ISRO . On January 5, 2014 , GSLV-D5 launched GSAT-14 into its intended orbit . This marked the first successful flight using the cryogenic engine developed by India . A cryogenic rocket engine is highly efficient and it was one of the main factors in NASA’s success in reaching the Moon. As of 2020, the United States, Russia, Japan, India, France and China are the only countries that have operational cryogenic rocket engines . India’s indigenous cryogenic engine is a fruit of ISRO’s initiative, the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project , that began in April 1994 . The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III) is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle . It is designed to carry 4 ton class of satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) or about 10 tons to low earth orbit (LEO) . Moreover, it possesses the capability to take human beings to space . Its first experimental flight took place on December 18, 2014 ; while on June 05, 2017 , it successfully placed a GSAT-19 satellite into a GTO.

#5 IT HELPED DEVELOP THE INDIAN NATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEM

ISRO has launched a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites to build and develop the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) . Commissioned in 1983 with the launch of INSAT-1B , INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Indo-Pacific Region . It is a joint venture of the Department Of Space, Department Of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio And Doordarshan . The INSAT system ushered in a revolution in a number of sectors in India including telecommunications; television broadcasting; satellite news-gathering; societal applications; weather forecasting; disaster warning; and search and rescue operations . Moreover, it enabled the rapid expansion of TV and modern telecommunication facilities to the remotest of regions in India . The latest satellite developed by ISRO is GSAT-30 , which was successfully launched on January 17, 2020 . Weighing 3357 kg , it is to serve as replacement to INSAT-4A spacecraft services with enhanced coverage .

ISRO Communication Satellites

#6 ITS CHANDRAYAAN-1 DISCOVERED THE PRESENCE OF WATER ON THE MOON

On August 15, 2003 , the Indian government announced Indian Lunar Exploration Programme or the Chandrayaan Programme . After five years, on October 22, 2008 , Chandrayaan-1, India’s first mission to Moon , was launched successfully from Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh . The spacecraft was launched using the PSLV-C11 rocket . On November 8 , the vehicle was inserted into lunar orbit and, on November 14 , the Moon Impact Probe separated from the Chandrayaan-1 orbiter and struck the south pole in a controlled manner . This made India the fourth nation to reach the lunar surface after the Soviet Union , the United States and Japan . Chandrayaan-1 collected important data about the lunar surface. Among other things, it became the first mission to discover existence of water on the moon . It performed several other tasks such as mapping and atmospheric profiling . Due to technical issues, the orbiter stopped communicating on August 28, 2009 . The mission was thus called off after 312 days as opposed to the intended two years . The estimated cost of Chandrayaan-1 was ₹386 crore (US$54 million) .

Chandrayaan-1 launch

#7 ISRO IS THE FIRST SPACE AGENCY TO REACH MARS ON ITS FIRST ATTEMPT

The concept of Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) , also called Mangalyaan, began in 2010 . In 2012, the project was approved by the Indian Government with a budget of around ₹450 crore (US$73 million) , making it the least-expensive Mars mission till date . On November 5, 2013 , the Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted-off successfully from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota Range, Andhra Pradesh , using a PSLV rocket . The MOM probe spent about a month in the orbit of earth, where it made a series of seven apogee-raising orbital manoeuvres before trans-Mars injection on November 30, 2013 . On September 24, 2014 , it entered the Mars orbit , making ISRO the fourth agency to reach Mars after Roscosmos, NASA and the European Space Agency . Moreover, India became the first nation to succeed on its maiden attempt to Mars and also the first Asian nation to do so . The objectives of the Mangalyaan was to develop the technologies required for an interplanetary mission and to explore Martian surface features, morphology, mineralogy and atmosphere using indigenous scientific instruments. The Mangalyaan mission, which was initially meant to last six months, has completed five years of orbiting Mars . Currently, ISRO is planning to develop and launch a follow-up mission called Mars Orbiter Mission 2 or Mangalyaan-2 in 2024 .

Mangalyaan launch

#8 IT SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED A RECORD 104 SATELLITES ON A SINGLE ROCKET

On February 15, 2017 , in its thirty ninth flight , ISRO’S Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) successfully launched the Earth observation satellite named Cartosat-2D along with two Indian nano-satellites (INS-1A and INS-1B) .Thereafter, 101 more nanosatellites were sent within a span of 11 minutes belonging to research facilities like United States of America, Kazakhstan, Israel, The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates. The launcher started placing the satellites into polar sun-synchronous orbits one after another after a flight of 16 minutes and 48 seconds . The total weight of all the 104 satellites carried on-board PSLV-C37 was 1378 kg . The entire launch took place from Satish Dhawan Space Centre . Thus ISRO created a new world record of largest number of satellites launched on a single flight by any space agency . It broke the earlier record set by a Russian Dnepr rocket of launching 37 satellites on June 19, 2014 .

#9 IT DEVELOPED INDIA’S OWN NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is an independent regional navigation satellite system being developed by India. Its operational name is NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) . Unlike GPS which is a Global tracking constellation , NavIC has been designed to focus especially on India and adjoining regions (1500 km around India) . Developed to eliminate reliance on foreign government-controlled global navigation satellite systems , NavIC is regarded as an important achievement for the nation. The Standard Positioning Service (SPS) of NavIC will be available to civilians and will have an accuracy of 20 meters . It also has a Restrictive Service (RS) which is much more accurate (range of 1 – 5 meters) and is meant for defence applications and use by armed forces . NavIC satellites use dual frequency bands which is why the system is relatively more accurate than America’s GPS or Global Positioning System . NavIC based trackers are compulsory on commercial vehicles in India and it is planned to become available in consumer mobile phones in the first half of 2020 .

ISRO Logo

#10 IT HELPED DISCOVER THREE NEW SPECIES OF BACTERIA

ISRO is one of the six largest space agencies in the world . It maintains one of the largest fleet of communication satellites (INSAT) and remote sensing (IRS) satellites that help India manage its ever growing demands for fast and reliable communication and earth observation respectively. ISRO has also contributed to science and science education in the country with several dedicated research centres and autonomous institutions within the nation. Over the years, it has provided valuable data to the scientific community which in turn enriches science . For example, in 2009 , ISRO conducted a balloon experiment which led to the discovery of three new species of bacteria in the upper stratosphere, which are not found on earth. All the three newly identified species had significantly higher UV resistance . The species were named Janibacter hoylei , after the English astrophysicist Fred Hoyle ; Bacillus isronensi s, recognizing the contribution of ISRO in the experiments; and Bacillus aryabhata , after India’s celebrated ancient astronomer Aryabhata .

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achievements of isro essay

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Achievements & Challenges

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), is the Indian space agency of the Department of Space, based in Bengaluru, Karnataka. Read all about ISRO, History, Achievements, Challenges for UPSC Exam.

ISRO

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Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

Indian Space Research Organisation, or ISRO, is the country of India’s space agency. It was established in 1969 to support the creation of an indigenous space project in India. The Department of Space of the Government of India oversees ISRO, a space agency with headquarters in Bengaluru, Karnataka. Its goal is to pursue planetary exploration, space science research, and national development via space technology. Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL), the marketing division of ISRO, is in charge of commercialising space products, providing technical consulting services, and transferring innovations created by ISRO.

Currently, ISRO is among the top six space agencies in the world. Through a network of centres, offices, and research institutes dispersed around the nation, ISRO serves the needs of the country by maintaining one of the largest fleets of remote sensing (IRS) and communication (INSAT) satellites in the world. Broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster management, geographic information systems, navigation, cartography (maps), telemedicine, remote education satellites, and other services are all provided by ISRO.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission

Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launched Chandrayaan-3 into orbit on July 14, 2023. Chandrayaan-3 successfully soft-landed on the south pole of the moon’s surface on August 23, 2023, and the Pragyaan Rover ramped down from the Vikram Lander and India took a walk on the moon on August 24, 2023. For detailed information about Chandrayaan-3 Mission click here.

Upcoming Missions of ISRO

The following are some of the upcoming ISRO Missions:

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Background

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the man responsible for launching India’s space project in the 1960s, started space research activities there. Three main elements have been a part of the Indian space project from the beginning: communication and remote sensing satellites, the space transportation system, and application programmes.

Dr. Ramanathan and Dr. Sarabhai established INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research). SITE, or Satellite Instructional Television Experiment, was run in 1975–1976. It was referred to as “the largest sociological experiment ever.” Following it was the “Kheda Communications Project (KCP),” which acted as a field laboratory for need-based and location-specific programme transmission in Gujarat.

The Department of Space was founded in 1972, although INCOSPAR was renamed the Indian Space Research Organisation in 1969 (now, ISRO is a division of the Department of Science). The following are the pivotal moments in ISRO history:

  • The greatest sociological experiment ever done, SITE (Satellite Instructional Television Experiment), took place in 1975–1976.
  • Gujarat is where the Kheda Communications Project was founded. The undertaking served as a field lab.
  • In addition, ISRO created and launched Aryabhata, the first Indian spacecraft, utilising a Soviet launch vehicle.
  • In 1980, SLV-3 made its maiden successful flight.
  • Apple introduced the first satellite-based communication system.
  • Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL), the ISRO’s marketing division, was established to advance and sell the use of space products.
  • ISRO built a few specialised centres. These include the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) and the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) in Thiruvananthapuram, as well as the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) in Hyderabad, the Space Applications Centre (SAC) in Ahmedabad, and the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) in Sriharikota.

ISRO Achievements

Since the Indian Space Research Organisation was founded, its employees have worked very hard to accomplish its goals. The following missions were successfully launched by ISRO:

ISRo achievements

Communication Satellites

With nine operational communication satellites in Geostationary orbit launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system, which went into service in 1983 with the commissioning of INSAT-1B, is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific region.

The communications market in India underwent a significant transition as a result, which it sustained throughout time. The INSAT system supports telecommunications, satellite news gathering, television transmission, societal applications, weather forecasting, disaster warning, and search and rescue activities. Here are some of ISRO’s key communication satellites:

Earth Observation Satellites

Since the launch of IRS-1A in 1988, ISRO has launched a number of operational remote-sensing satellites. One of the largest satellite constellations for remote sensing is now run by India. Different instruments have been constructed and flown onboard to serve various national and international purposes in order to deliver the essential data at diversified temporal, spectral, and geographical resolutions. These satellites’ data are then utilised by ISRO for a variety of purposes, including disaster management, the management of ocean resources, forestry, environmental protection, mineral prospecting, rural development, urban planning, water resources, and agriculture.

The table below includes a list of ISRO’s significant Earth observation satellites, together with information about their launch vehicle and the date of launch:

Navigation Satellites

The Airport Authority of India (AAI) and ISRO are collaborating to build the GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system in order to meet the requirements of Civil Aviation. Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is a regional satellite navigation system being established by ISRO in order to satisfy customer requirements for positioning, navigation, and timing services based on indigenous technology.

Experimental Satellites

Many small satellites, usually for research, have been launched by ISRO. This experiment makes use of payload development, orbit controls, atmospheric research, remote sensing, and recovery technology. The following is a list of the key experimental satellites that ISRO has launched:

Small Satellites

The small satellite project will soon offer a platform for standalone payloads for science and earth imaging missions. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed two different bus types, the Indian Mini Satellite -1 (IMS-1) and Indian Mini Satellite – 2 (IMS-2), to offer a versatile platform for different payloads.

Here is a list of the small satellites that ISRO has launched:

Space Science & Exploration Satellites

Satellites fall within this group: The first dedicated Indian astronomy mission, AstroSat, studies celestial sources simultaneously in the X, optical, and UV spectral bands. The true first interplanetary mission of ISRO, the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), was launched on November 5, 2013. Both Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, India’s first and second moon missions, included an orbiter, a lander, a rover, and other components.

Academic Institute Satellites

Educational institutions have been impacted by ISRO operations, such as the development of connectivity, remote sensing, and astronomy satellites. Universities and other organisations have been more interested in creating experimental student satellites as a result of the Chandrayaan-1 launch.

Here is a table listing the ISRO-launched academic institute satellites:

Scramjet (Supersonic Combusting Ramjet) Engine

The Supersonic Combusting Ramjet Engine Test, or Scramjet, was successfully completed by ISRO in August 2016. The fuel for the Scramjet engine is hydrogen, while the oxidizer is oxygen from the surrounding air. With a longer flight time, the new propulsion system will enhance ISRO’s reusable launch vehicle.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Objective

ISRO has the ambition to develop space technology for the benefit of the country and to conduct planetary exploration and space science research. The following are the main goals of ISRO:

  • The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), and Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) operational flights.
  • To plan, create, and launch communication and earth observation satellites.
  • Designing and developing fresh approaches to space transportation is another important goal of ISRO.
  • To create satellites for planetary exploration and space science, as well as satellite navigation systems.
  • To create tools for more accurate earth observation.
  • To develop a system based on space for use in society.
  • Developing proper training, education, and capacity-building programmes for students interested in space technology is one of ISRO’s main goals.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Challenges and Opportunities

Even though ISRO’s success stories are celebrated all over the world, the organisation still faces obstacles in accomplishing its objectives. The Indian Space Programme has the following problems and opportunities:

  • India is not in a situation where it is facing specific security and development concerns since it is a developing nation. For instance, ISRO is called into question and forced to defend the funding for missions that need a lot of work but have little to do with development.
  • Since China tested an anti-satellite missile (ASAT) in 2007, the country has upped the threat level. In addition to the one on the ground, it can start in space. There have been military weaknesses since India relied on satellites like MOM.
  • The US or other nations must cooperate with the DRDO while it develops a missile.
  • China launched the satellite in 2011 and 2012 to target Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) UPSC

One of the most significant scientific institutions in the nation and a recent boon to India is ISRO. The ISRO-launched satellites have been successful in gathering the needed information, making them a crucial component of India’s development. Being so important for the nation, it is also a key subject for UPSC hopefuls because many questions from the ISRO UPSC notes are asked in the IAS Exam.

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Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) FAQs

What does isro stands for.

The Indian Space Research Organisation, or ISRO, is the country's space agency and is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The ISRO's goal is to perform planetary exploration and space science research while using space technologies to advance national development.

Is Chandrayaan-3 successful?

"India successfully launches Chandrayaan-3 marking another significant milestone in space exploration.

How many centres are there in ISRO?

There are six main centres within ISRO. These include the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), the Space Applications Centre (SAC), the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR), and the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) in Hyderabad.

When was ISRO Formed?

On August 15, 1969, Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai founded ISRO. The Indian government did, however, create the Department of Science and the Space Commission in 1972. ISRO was established under the Department of Science on June 1st, 1972.

What is main Objective of ISRO?

The Indian Space Research Organization's main goal is to create space technology in order to meet various national demands. To accomplish this, ISRO has created INSAT and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System.

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Indian Space Program: Phases and Achievements

Last updated on January 5, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

Indian Space Program

Indian Space Research Organization ( ISRO ) is the nodal agency and flag bearer in the Indian Space Program.

The Indian Space Program is guided by a probabilistic perspective. It is a regional development instrument. This built on an optical fibre network and wireless communication devices.

Learn more about this topic.

Also read: Aditya-L1 Mission

Table of Contents

Objectives of the Indian Space Program

ISRO has also contributed to science and science education in the country. The Department of Space oversees several dedicated research centers and independent organizations for remote sensing, astronomy and astrophysics, atmospheric sciences, and space sciences in general. the objectives of the Indian Space Program are twofold:

  • Space discovery and exploration through space missions.
  • Promotion of research and education related to space science in the country. E.g. Tele-education in remote areas in India.

Some of the other functions of the Indian Space Program are:

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  • Resource management such as mineral resources, agriculture, marine resources, etc.
  • Environment conservation.
  • Internal security and terrorism. E.g. use of IRNSS for regional security.
  • Weather forecasting.
  • Disaster Management.

Also read about SSLV , PSLV , and GSLV .

Communications satellites India

Communications satellites allow radio, television, and telephone transmissions to be sent live anywhere in the world. The purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of the Earth allowing communication between widely separated points. Communication Satellites use Microwaves and Radio waves for transmitting signals.

Indian National Satellite (INSAT) Series

  • With nine operational communication satellites in Geo-stationary orbit, the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific area.
  • INSAT System consists of 14 operational satellites, namely – INSAT-3A, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4CR, 3DR and GSAT-6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16.
  • Educational TV Services
  • Telemedicine Programme
  • Satellite-Aided Search and Rescue
  • Disaster management
  • Helps in geopolitics like the SAARC satellite.
  • Helps in the commercialization of space programs, like launching the communication satellites of Russia USA, etc.

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)

  • ISRO has deployed numerous operational remote sensing satellites since IRS-1A in 1988. India now operates one of the largest constellations of remote-sensing satellites.
  • IRS satellite consists of CARTOSAT, OCEANSAT & RISAT (Resource Sat) Satellites

Application of IRS satellites:

  • Disaster Management Support
  • BioResources and Environment survey and mapping e.g. RESOURCESAT
  • Cartography e.g. CARTOSAT
  • Agriculture & Soil
  • Rural and Urban Development e.g. National Drinking Water mission

Important Milestones in the Indian Space Program

Phase I: 1960-70 (Incipient Stage)

  • Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is regarded as a scientific visionary as well as the founding father of the Indian space programme.
  • He recognized the potential of satellites after the launch of Sputnik in 1957. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, who considered scientific advancement as an important component of India’s future, placed space research under the jurisdiction of the Department of Atomic Energy in 1961.
  • Homi Bhabha, the father of India’s atomic programme, then founded the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, with Dr. Sarabhai as Chairman.
  • The Indian space programme began establishing itself with the launch of sounding rockets in 1962, which was aided by India’s geographical proximity to the equator.
  • Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) was built near Thiruvananthapuram in south Kerala.
  • India developed an indigenous technology of sounding rockets called the Rohini Family of sounding rockets.
  • The India Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1969, and the Department of Space was established in 1972.

Phase II: 1970-80

  • Sarabhai had participated in an early NASA study on the viability of employing satellites for uses as diverse as direct television broadcasting.
  • India began developing satellite technology in anticipation of future remote sensing and communication requirements.
  • India’s first venture into space occurred in 1975, with the launch of their satellite Aryabhata by a Soviet launcher.
  • By 1979, the SLV was ready to launch from the Sriharikota Rocket Launching Station, a newly created second launch site (SRLS).
  • The first launch in 1979 failed due to a control malfunction in the second stage. This problem had been solved by 1980.
  • The first indigenous satellite launched by India was called Rohini.

Phase III: 1980-90

  • Following the success of the SLV, ISRO was eager to begin work on a satellite launch vehicle capable of placing a truly useful satellite into polar orbit.
  • In 1987, the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was tested, but the launch failed. After modest adjustments, another launch attempt was made in 1988, which also failed.

Phase IV: 1990-2000

  • It was not until 1992 that the first successful launch of the ASLV took place.
  • Since its first successful launch in 1994, the PSLV has become the workhorse launch vehicle, launching both remote sensing and communications satellites into orbit, establishing the world’s largest cluster, and giving unique data to Indian industry and agriculture.

Developments after 2000

  • In 2001, the first development flight of the GSLV took place.
  • As the first attempt at exploring the solar system, India pursued a mission to send unmanned probes to the moon in 2008 namely Chandrayaan.
  • ISRO has entered the lucrative industry of launching foreign payloads from Indian soil using its rockets.
  • After 2010, ISRO embarked on the following programmes: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), and next-generation GSLV Mark-III launch vehicle missions are part of the launch vehicle development programme.
  • The Earth Observation programme includes cutting-edge Indian remote sensing (IRS) satellites such as Resourcesat, Cartosat, Oceansat, Radar Imaging Satellite, Geo-Imaging Satellite, and weather/climate satellites such as INSAT-3DR missions.
  • The satellite navigation programme consists of a constellation of seven Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) satellites and an associated ground segment designed to deliver accurate positional and timing information.

India’s Manned Mission to Space

  • Three flights will be sent into orbit.
  • There will be two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight.
  • The Gaganyaan system module, known as the Orbital Module, would house three Indian astronauts, one of whom would be a woman.
  • For 5-7 days, it will circle the Earth in a low-Earth orbit at an altitude of 300-400 km.
  • In addition, to assure crew safety during the Gaganyaan mission, ISRO will perform two unmanned ‘Abort Missions’ in 2022.

Scramjet (Supersonic Combusting Ramjet) engine

  • In August 2016, ISRO successfully conducted the Scramjet (Supersonic Combusting Ramjet) engine test.
  • The Scramjet engine uses Hydrogen as fuel and Oxygen from the atmospheric air as the oxidizer.
  • This test was the maiden short-duration experimental test of ISRO’s Scramjet engine with a hypersonic flight at Mach 6.
  • ISRO’s Advanced Technology Vehicle (ATV), a futuristic-sounding rocket, served as the solid rocket booster for the supersonic testing of Scramjet engines.
  • The new propulsion system will complement ISRO’s reusable launch vehicle that will have a longer flight duration.
  • IN-SPACe was launched to provide a level playing field for private companies to use Indian space infrastructure.
  • It serves as a single point of contact between the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and anyone interested in participating in space-related activities or utilizing India’s space resources.

NewSpace India Limited (NSIL):

  • It is a Central Public Sector Enterprise of the Government of India that was founded in 2019 and is managed by the Department of Space.
  • It is ISRO’s commercial arm, and its major purpose is to enable Indian enterprises to engage in high-technology space-related operations.
  • It is headquartered in Bengaluru.

Indian Space Association (ISpA):

  • ISpAaspires to be the collective voice of the Indian Space industry. ISpA will be represented by leading domestic and global corporations that have advanced capabilities in space and satellite technologies.

Amazonia-1:

  • The 53 rd flight of PSLV-C51 marked the first dedicated mission for New Space India Ltd (NSIL), the commercial arm of ISRO.
  • Amazonia-1, the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) optical earth observation satellite, would offer users remote sensing data for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and analyzing diverse agriculture across the Brazilian territory.

UNITYsat (three satellites):

  • They have been deployed to provide Radio relay services.
  • Satish Dhawan Satellite (SDSAT) is a nanosatellite intended to study the radiation levels/space weather and demonstrate long-range communication technologies.

Upcoming Missions:

  • Chandrayaan-3 Mission:   Chandrayaan-3 is likely to be launched during the third quarter of 2022.
  • EOS-4 (Risat-1A) and EOS-6 (Oceansat-3) — will be launched using ISRO’s workhorse PSLV, and the third one,  EOS-2 (Microsat) , will be launched in the first developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV).
  • These satellites will be launched in the first quarter of 2022.
  • Shukrayaan Mission:  The ISRO is also planning a mission to Venus, tentatively called Shukrayaan .
  • Own Space Station : India is planning to launch its space station by 2030 , joining the league of the US, Russia, and China to an elite space club
  • XpoSat:  Space observatory, XpoSat, designed to study cosmic x-rays.
  • There are five Lagrangian points between any two celestial bodies on the satellite where the gravitational attraction of both bodies is equivalent to the force required to keep the satellite in orbit without spending fuel, implying a parking area in space.

Also read:  Space missions in 2024

Article Written by: Remya

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Indian Space Research Organisation [ISRO Notes for UPSC]

ISRO is an important body in India and spearheads research in space science in India, also playing a huge role in the development of the country through educational, agricultural, communication, and defence sector projects. Hence, it is an important segment of  UPSC science and technology syllabus.

ISRO or Indian Space Research Organisation is India’s space agency founded in 1969 to help develop an indigenous Indian space program. It is one of the 6 largest space agencies in the world today. ISRO maintains one of the biggest fleets of remote sensing (IRS) and communication (INSAT) satellites catering to the needs of the nation through a network of centres, offices, and research institutes in different parts of the country. ISRO functions in the following areas: broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster management, geographic information systems, navigation, cartography (maps), telemedicine, distance education satellites, etc.

ISRO – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

ISRO is headquartered in Bengaluru.

ISRO Chairman: Dr K Sivan (who is also the Secretary of the Department of Space, GOI)

ISRO Latest News

The decommissioned weather satellite Megha-Tropiques-1 has been brought down by ISRO. Read more about this development here .

ISRO Formation

  • The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was established by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
  • Eminent scientist Dr Vikram Sarabhai had a big role in this development. He understood the need for space research and was convinced of the role it can play in helping a nation develop.
  • INCOSPAR set up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) at Thumba, near Thiruvananthapuram at India’s southern tip. TERLS is a spaceport used to launch rockets.
  • The INCOSPAR became ISRO in 1969.
  • The Department of Space was created in 1972 and ISRO became a part of it and remains so till date. The Space Department reports directly to the Prime Minister of the country.
  • During 1975-76, Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was conducted. It was hailed as ‘the largest sociological experiment in the world’. It was followed by the ‘Kheda Communications Project (KCP)’, which worked as a field laboratory for need-based and locale-specific program transmission in the state of Gujarat State.
  • During this phase, the first Indian spacecraft ‘Aryabhata’ was developed and was launched using a Soviet Launcher.
  • Another major landmark was the development of the first launch vehicle SLV-3 with a capability to place 40 kg in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which had its first successful flight in 1980.
  • ’80s was the experimental phase wherein, Bhaskara-I & II missions were pioneering steps in the remote sensing area whereas ‘Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE)’ became the forerunner for the future communication satellite systems.
  • Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL) is a Marketing arm of ISRO for promotion and commercial exploitation of space products, technical consultancy services and transfer of technologies developed by ISRO.

ISRO has many facilities each dedicated to a specialized field of study in space. A few of them are as follows:

  • Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram – The space research activities were initiated in India under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the founding father of the Indian space program, during 1960s.
  • Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), Thiruvananthapuram
  • Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR), Sriharikota
  • Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad
  • National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad

ISRO Milestones

  • The first Indian-made sounding rocket was the RH-75 (Rohini-75). It was launched from TERLS in 1967. It weighed just 32 kg. Series of Rohini Sounding Rockets were developed by ISRO for atmospheric and meteorological studies.
  • ISRO built its first satellite in 1975 and named it Aryabhata. This was launched by the Soviet Union.
  • The first Indian-built launch vehicle was SLV-3 and it was used to launch the Rohini satellite in 1980.
  • ISRO launched its first INSAT satellite in 1982. It was a communication satellite. It was named as INSAT-1A, which failed in orbit. The next communication satellite INSAT-1B was launched in 1983.
  • Established in 1983 with commissioning of INSAT-1B, the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific region with nine operational communication satellites placed in Geostationary orbit. Details regarding INSAT – 1B are available on the linked page. The INSAT system provides services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, satellite newsgathering, societal applications, weather forecasting, disaster warning and Search and Rescue operations. 
  • ISRO also launched the first IRS (remote-sensing satellite) in 1988.
  • ISRO has developed three types of launch vehicles (or rockets) namely, the PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle), the GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mark III or LVM). Further details on GSLV MK III are available on the link provided here.
  • ISRO launched its first lunar mission Chandrayaan I in 2008.
  • It also launched the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) or the Mangalyaan in 2014. With this, India became the first country to achieve success in putting a satellite in the Mars orbit in its maiden attempt and the fourth space agency and the first space Asian agency to do so. Read the details on Mangalyaan Mission here.
  • ISRO has launched many small satellites mainly for experimental purposes such as INS-1C, Aryabhatta, APPLE, Rohini Technology Payload, YOUTHSAT, etc. The experiment includes Remote Sensing, Atmospheric Studies, Payload Development, Orbit Controls, recovery technology and more.
  • Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) engine – In August 2016, ISRO successfully conducted the Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) engine test. It uses Hydrogen as fuel and Oxygen from the atmospheric air as the oxidizer. ISRO’s Advanced Technology Vehicle (ATV), which is an advanced sounding rocket, was the solid rocket booster used for the test of Scramjet engines at supersonic conditions. This test was the maiden short duration experimental test of ISRO’s Scramjet engine with a hypersonic flight at Mach 6. The new propulsion system will complement ISRO’s reusable launch vehicle that would have a longer flight duration. Read in detail about the Advance Technology Vehicle of ISRO on the given link.
  • In 2017, ISRO created another world record by launching 104 satellites in a single rocket. It launched its heaviest rocket yet, the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III and placed the GSAT 19 in orbit.
  • India’s Manned Mission to Space also termed as Gaganyaan, this project is part of the government’s ambition to make India a global low-cost provider of services in space. The launch vehicle for this mission will carry heavy payloads into space. For this purpose, GSLV Mk-III is being developed with a cryogenic engine. ISRO has already tested the GSLV Mk-III with experimental crew module (Re-entry & Recovery technology) and Crew Escape System (CES). Detailed information on Gaganyaan Mission is available on the linked page.

Also read the List of Indian Satellite From 1975 to 2021 on the given link.

Candidates can go through a few more achievements of ISRO mentioned below –

  • ISRO has launched many operational remote sensing satellites, starting with IRS-1A in 1988. Detailed information on IRS-1A – the first indigenous remote sensing satelite is available on the linked page. Today, India has one of the largest constellations of remote sensing satellites in operation. The data from these satellites are used for several applications covering agriculture, water resources, urban planning, rural development, mineral prospecting, environment, forestry, ocean resources and disaster management.
  • Navigation services are necessary to meet the emerging demands of the Civil Aviation requirements and to meet the user requirements of the positioning, navigation and timing based on the independent satellite navigation system.  ISRO worked jointly with Airport Authority of India (AAI) in establishing the GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system to meet the Civil Aviation requirements. Similarly, it established a regional satellite navigation system called the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) to meet the user requirements of the positioning, navigation and timing services. Know more on IRNSS-NAVIC on the linked page.
  • ISRO has influenced educational institutions by its activities like making satellites for communication, remote sensing and astronomy. The launch of Chandrayaan-1 increased the interest of universities and institutions towards making experimental student satellites. Some important Academic Institute Satellite are – Kalamsat-V2, PRATHAM, SATHYABAMASAT, SWAYAM, Jugnu, etc.

Go through the information on Satellite Launch Vehicle Program on the linked page.

ISRO Vision & Objectives

ISRO’s vision is stated as “Harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration.”

ISRO Mission

  • Design and development of launch vehicles and related technologies for providing access to space.
  • Design and development of satellites and related technologies for earth observation, communication, navigation, meteorology and space science.
  • Indian National Satellite (INSAT) programme for meeting telecommunication, television broadcasting and developmental applications.
  • Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) programme for management of natural resources and monitoring of environment using space-based imagery.
  • Space-based Applications for Societal development.
  • Research and Development in space science and planetary exploration.

FAQ about ISRO

Who is considered as the “founding father” of indian space programme, how the objectives od isro are met.

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Shiv Shakti —

India’s accomplishments in space are getting more impressive, these images from the moon are a crowning achievement for india's space program..

Stephen Clark - Sep 1, 2023 12:32 am UTC

A view of India's Vikram lander taken Wednesday from the Pragyan rover.

It's been more than a week since India's Chandrayaan 3 mission landed on the Moon, and it's a good time to assess where the world's most populous nation stands relative to other global space powers.

The successful arrival of the Chandrayaan 3 mission's Vikram lander on the Moon made India the first country besides China to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface since 1976, following a series of failed landings by private organizations and India itself four years ago. And it made India just the fourth nation overall to achieve this feat.

Since the landing of Chandrayaan 3 on August 23, India has released some early findings from the lander and its mobile rover, named Pragyan, along with photos of the vehicles exploring the Moon's alien charcoal-color landscape.

The Moon landing is just the latest in a string of successes in space for India, which has a thriving rocket program with a family of four launch vehicles, its own regional satellite navigation network, and nearly 10 years ago sent an orbiter to Mars. If India can notch another success in its space program in the next few years, the country could become the fourth nation capable of sending its astronauts into low-Earth orbit.

India is still well behind the space programs of the United States and China, but one could argue India has moved closer to Europe and Russia and could be on par with Japan when you take into account several factors: access to space, space exploration, military space projects, and applications like communications, navigation, and remote sensing from orbit.

Among the space powers considered here, India has the lowest human development index, a measure of social factors such as quality of life, income, and education. But its space program is a point of national pride, and Narendra Modi, India's nationalist prime minister, has made a point to associate himself with Indian successes in space.

Those successes have come on a shoestring budget. The Indian government this year is allocating $1.52 billion to space efforts, and India developed and launched Chandrayaan 3 for less than $100 million, lower than the cost of many blockbuster Hollywood films.

“I’ve described India as a sleeping giant and one that is quickly awakening," said Mike Gold, an attorney and space industry official who previously led NASA's space policy office. "India is absolutely vital to global space development... since the country is active with lunar programs, Martian programs, and now even human spaceflight.”

Since the landing of Chandrayaan 3, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)—India's space agency—has released a handful of images, including a black-and-white shot of the stationary SUV-size Vikram lander taken by the Pragyan rover. There's also a video, shown below, of the Pragyan rover rolling down the ramp from the Vikram lander in the hours after arriving on the Moon on August 23.

So far, ISRO hasn't been releasing all of the pictures taken by the rover and lander on the Moon, and the Indian space agency hasn't posted many images on its website, preferring to share them on social media. Let's hope Indian officials develop a better way of releasing high-resolution imagery from Chandrayaan 3 and future deep space probes.

But it's always exciting to see a place human eyes have never seen before, and India's triumph with Chandrayaan 3 is worth celebrating.

In a visit with Indian space scientists in Bangalore last week, Modi announced the Chandrayaan 3 landing site would be named Shiv Shakti Point, a reference to Shiva, a principal deity in Hinduism, and Shakti, which honors the role of women scientists on the mission.

The Vikram lander and Pragyan rover settled onto a landing site closer to the Moon's south pole than any previous lunar lander. Early science results from the mission include the detection of a seismic "event" on the Moon, and the first measurements of the plasma environment near the lunar surface close to the south pole.

"These quantitative measurements potentially assist in mitigating the noise that lunar plasma introduces into radio wave communication. Also, they could contribute to the enhanced designs for upcoming lunar visitors," ISRO said.

Instruments on the rover have detected sulfur in the lunar crust at the landing site. "This finding... compels scientists to develop fresh explanations for the source of sulfur in the area," ISRO said, adding that the element could be intrinsic to the landing site or may have been produced by an ancient volcanic eruption or an asteroid or cometary impact.

The Times of India reported this week that Indian engineers are increasingly optimistic that the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover could wake up and continue their mission after the upcoming two-week-long lunar night. When the Sun sets at the landing site next week, the two vehicles will hibernate as temperatures plummet to minus 333° Fahrenheit (minus 203° Celsius).

The original design life of the lander and rover was to operate for one lunar day, or 14 Earth days, but assuming electronics and batteries hold up to the frigid conditions, there's a chance the vehicles will automatically wake up when rays of sunlight again fall on their solar panels in mid-September.

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ISRO achievements are many, enumerate them in some detail

Indian space research organization established 15 august 1969 and the aim of it �Manav jati ki seva mai Antrariksa Praudyogiki �. The headquartered in the city of Bengaluru. The first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru and his close aide and scientist vikaram sarabhai. ISRO always updating with new advanced technology and creating strong place in world space sector. ISRO is establishing new record every year.

The great personalities (APJ Abdul kalam, Dr K Radhakrishnan, etc) had given their great contribution in new direction and Success of ISRO. Specially APJ Abdul Kalam had created the history in ISRO. Mr. Kalam was transferred to the Indian space research organization (ISRO) where he was the project director of India First Indigenous satellite launch vehicle (SLV_III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near earth orbit in july 1980. Joining ISRO was the biggest achievement in his life and he said to have found himself when he started to work on the SLV project. During the period between 1970 and 1990 kalam made an effort to develop the polar SLV and SLV III projects both of which proved to be success. ISRO achievements

Aryabhata, 1975

ISRO built India's first satellite, aryabhata which was launched by the soviety Union on 19 April 1975. It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata.

Rohini 1980

Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit.

Indian National satellite system 1983

Known better by its popular name Insat, The system is a network of satellites that facilitates communication and broadcasting across the south Asian region. The first satellite in the series was placed into orbit in 1983 and ushered in a revolution in India�s television and radio broadcasting, telecommunications and meteorological sector. Nine satellites are operational.

Polar satellite launch vehicle 1993

It developed two other rockets the polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and the geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits.

Chandrayan 2008

India�s first unmanned lunar probe was launched almost a decade ago and was a land mark in India�s space mission. ISRO joined and elite list of just six space organizations to send an orbiter to the moon.

Mangal yann 2014

India joined an exclusive global club when it successfully launched the Mars orbiter Mission on a low budget that was at least 10 times lower than a similar project by the U.S. The Rs 450 crore project revolved round the red planet and to collect data on Mar�s atmosphere and mineral composition.

Indian Regional Navigation satellite system

ISRO achieved the success in navigation satellite systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. ISRO successfully used and indigenous cryogenic engine in GSLV- D5 launch of the GSAT -14. The seven satellite system created India�s very own satellite navigation system e terrestrial and will provide service in marine navigation, disaster management, vehicle tracking and fleet management and navigation aide for drivers.

PSLV �C28 2015

ISRO successfully placed into orbit five British satellites using its polar satellites using polar satellite launch. Vehicle PSLV � C28, in a landmark mission in July 2015.

Launching 20 satellites 2016

ISRO successfully set a record with a launch of 20 satellites in one mission, a record for the space agency. Apart from ISRO satellites and those built by university students in the country, the mission carried satellites from the US, Canada, Germany and Indonesia.

Reusable launch vehicle 2016

ISRO successfully tested the reusable launch vehicle technology Demonstrator (RLV_TD) that wat built for the 95 crore. The winged flight vehicle � dubbed as India�s space shuttle.

104 Satellites 2017

Recently ISRO created the new history in world by successfully launching a record 104 satellite, on a single rocket from the spaceport in Sriharikota. This is the highest number of satellites ever launched in single mission. The space agency�s trusted workhorse polar satellite launch vehicle PSLV- C37, on its 39th mission, From Sriharikota space centre with the 104 satellites of which 101 belongs to international customers.

ISRO is the best organization In India and all great and hardworking scientists giving their best performance. These scientists are playing their role honesty, responsibility and dedication in their work and giving new direction for ISRO.

- Sanyog Varshney

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Chandrayaan-3’s moon landing: a remarkable achievement that showcases india’s spirit, capabilities and resilience.

In a historic moment that drew cheers from the millions of watchers of its live telecast around the country, India on 23 August became the first nation to successfully land a spacecraft near the south pole of the Moon. Tom Acres, technology reporter of Sky News , described the event as a landmark achievement for not just India’s space programme, but also humanity’s efforts to explore the cosmos. Even though the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States (US) did successfully put humans on the Moon during the Apollo Programme more than 50 years ago, the touchdown of India’s robotic spacecraft nevertheless marks a massive achievement and pays tribute to the economic, scientific and technological progress that India has made in the just 75 years since it was left a broken, drained, impoverished and struggling nation by its colonial British rulers. The landing also demonstrated India’s continued perseverance and tenacity in achieving difficult missions. Such was the scale of the feat in the eyes of most South Asians that even the Pakistani daily Dawn commented on how Chandrayaan-3 had captivated public attention since its launch nearly six weeks ago, and noted that “India is steadily matching the achievements of established spacefaring nations” .

Chandrayaan-3 (Moon craft-3) launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota Range in southern India on 14 July on a mission to demonstrate new technologies and achieve India’s first soft landing on another celestial body. The spacecraft arrived in lunar orbit on 5 August, and on 17 August the lander module separated from the propulsion module and soon began its descent to the surface of the Moon. On 23 August, after a nail-biting wait, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) confirmed that Chandrayaan-3’s lander had successfully touched down on the Moon’s southern polar region, as planned. Chandrayaan-3 took much longer to reach the Moon than the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 70s as India used rockets that were much less powerful than the US did back then. Instead, Chandrayaan-3 orbited the Earth several times to gain speed before embarking on its month-long lunar trajectory. Mission control erupted in celebration as it was announced that the lander module had landed “safely and softly” .

More celebrations followed when Pragyan — Wisdom in Sanskrit — rolled out of the lander on 24 August. During its mission on the surface of the Moon, which will last for one lunar day (14 days on Earth), the rover will carry out a number of scientific experiments. It will gather rock samples, images, and data, and will run a series of experiments to determine the mineral composition of the lunar surface. The six-wheeled lander and rover module of Chandrayaan-3 is configured with payloads that will provide data to the scientific community on the properties of lunar soil and rocks, including chemical and elemental compositions.

Only three nations – the US, China, and the erstwhile Soviet Union (USSR) – have ever touched down on the Moon, but no country had thus far successfully made it to the south pole. As Tom Acres pointed out, the south pole is a long way from the region of the Moon targeted by most previous missions, including the crewed Apollo landings. The south pole has very rough terrain, with deep trenches and plenty of craters, making landing on it a challenging task. T.V. Padma, writing in the Nature journal, explained the testing conditions Chandrayaan-3 overcame by recalling that India’s 2019 Chandrayaan-2 mission had succeeded in launching an orbiter with eight functioning instruments, but the lander carrying the Moon rover crashed into the lunar surface in the final moments of landing. She wrote, “ISRO learnt from that failure and made several design changes to the lander-rover portion of the mission. These include a new laser sensor to measure the real-time velocity of the spacecraft relative to the Moon, algorithms to handle unanticipated deviations in propulsion or trajectory and better judge the landing terrain, bigger and more solar panels, more fuel, a heavier lander equipped with four sturdier legs to handle a faster landing velocity. The craft also targeted a larger landing area that was 4 kilometres by 2.4 kilometres, compared with a 0.5 km by 0.5 km region for the previous mission” .

Marc Norman, planetary geochemist at the Australian National University in Canberra, underlined that landing at the Moon’s south pole is difficult because it involves positioning the spacecraft at a different angle from previous landings. In particular, it requires putting the spacecraft into a polar orbit that is at right angles to the Moon’s orbit. Norman said, “This requires additional energy to move the spacecraft into an ‘unnatural’ orbit, which introduces uncertainties on critical aspects such as velocity and location of the spacecraft” . He added that lack of detailed data on the region’s gravity and surface characteristics compounded the problem. He elaborated by saying that “For example, if the spacecraft lands in a crater, on a slope, or the leg of the lander catches on a boulder, the mission could be compromised” .

Geologist Saumitra Mukherjee of the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, whose team analysed images sent by India’s first lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, pointed out that Moon quakes in the landing area added to the complexity. Torin Clark, an aerospace engineer at University of Colorado Boulder, believes that poor lighting from the Sun was another challenge. He said, “Some areas are completely in the dark, others are in the light, but with extreme sun angles, essentially blocking out any terrain features. This is in contrast to the Apollo landings, where the landing sites and timing were specifically chosen to ensure quality lighting of the lunar terrain” .

The importance of landing at the Moon’s south pole lies in the fact that it is believed that the pole’s shadowed craters contain water ice that could support a future base on the Moon, allowing astronauts and scientists to work there for extended periods. Space agencies, including NASA, have detected frozen water in the south pole craters before, but no country had ever actually ventured into the region. If water ice is really there, it could be used for fuel, oxygen, and drinking water, and provide insight into past lunar volcanoes and the origins of our own oceans. Dr. Ian Whittaker, a space physics expert at Nottingham Trent University, said: “The successful landing means the rover and station should provide us with a more accurate determination of lunar crust composition. Particularly around the lunar south pole which is a suggested location for a lunar base due to the ability to have constant sunlight for power. The instruments onboard the rover will be useful for if we want to build structures out of local material” . ISRO said that “the lunar south pole is of special interest because parts of it remain permanently in shadow, raising the possibility of sampling Moon ice for the first time. Moreover, the large craters near the lunar south pole might contain clues to the composition of the early Solar System” .

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 sparked huge celebrations across India. Reactions to achievement were buoyant. Sreedhara Panicker Somanath, chairman of ISRO, announced it by exclaiming, “We have achieved soft landing on the Moon. India is on the Moon” . Somnath later told a press briefing that India would next attempt a manned lunar mission, and that the landing “gives confidence to configure missions to go to the Moon, Mars, Venus, maybe even asteroids” . Chandrayaan-3’s success comes about a week before ISRO’s next major mission — its first to study the Sun — which is scheduled to launch in the first week of September.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, speaking by video link from South Africa where he is attending a BRICS summit, said that India was entering a historically auspicious moment. Modi said, “My dear family, when we see history being made in front of us, it makes our life blessed. This moment is the announcement of an advanced India. These moments are of invention and phenomenal growth. … We had taken a pledge on Earth and realized it on the Moon. This success belongs to all of humanity and it will help more missions by other countries in the future” .

India’s opposition parties joined the celebrations and extended congratulations. The President of India’s Congress Party and leader of the opposition Mallikarjun Kharge said that the success of Chandrayaan-3 was the “collective success of every Indian” . Kharge added, “We are deeply indebted to the remarkable hard work, unparalleled ingenuity and unflinching dedication of our scientists, space engineers, researchers and everyone involved in making this mission a triumph for India. Today, through the Chandrayaan-3, we have displayed our scientific prowess to the world” .

Congress leader Rahul Gandhi sought to bring in a historical perspective when he wrote on social media that “Chandrayaan-3’s soft landing on the uncharted lunar South Pole is the result of decades of tremendous ingenuity and hard work by our scientific community. Since 1962, India’s space programme has continued to scale new heights and inspire generations of young dreamers” .

As Canada-based writer and journalist Anusuya Datta noted in spacenews.com , “ISRO’s history is characterized by resilience, innovation, and collaboration. Established in 1969, ISRO has maintained a robust remote sensing program since 1988, offering valuable Earth Observation data in various spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions through a range of instruments. Many do not know that its PAN cameras (aboard IRS-1C) were the highest-resolution civilian cameras in the world until the launch of U.S.-based DigitalGlobe’s Ikonos satellite in 1999. ISRO’s technological prowess garnered global attention in 2013 with the success of the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan. ISRO has launched 124 of its own spacecraft, including three to the Moon and one to Mars; and has facilitated the launch of 424 satellites from other countries. Its old workhorse PSLV is a prime choice for rideshare services, notable for deploying 104 satellites in a single launch in 2017, a world record until SpaceX’s Transporter-1 mission surpassed it in 2021. In 2018, ISRO completed its own navigation system, NavIC, positioning itself among the elite club of nations (U.S., Russia, China, the European Union, and partly Japan) with this capability. The Chandrayaan missions only signify the continuation of this legacy” .

International reactions were equally upbeat and encouraging. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson congratulated ISRO on the landing and said, “And congratulations to India on being the 4th country to successfully soft-land a spacecraft on the Moon. We’re glad to be your partner on this mission!” The US Department of State’s Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs said that Chandrayaan-3 success would “power” the future. It said on social media, “Your success will power the imagination and light the future of people around the world” . India has aligned itself with the US by signing an agreement on space exploration known as the Artemis Accords, a legal framework that governs activity in space. So far, nearly 30 countries have signed, allowing them to partner with the US on space missions and mandating that they adhere to a set of rules, such as publicly sharing scientific discoveries and creating “safety zones” where nations could work undisturbed on the lunar surface.

The director general of the European Space Agency (ESA), Josef Aschbacher, called the landing of Chandrayaan-3 an “incredible” event. “What a way to demonstrate new technologies and achieve India’s first soft landing on another celestial body” , he said, adding “Well done. I am thoroughly impressed” . Rolf Densing, Director of Operations at ESA’s operations centre in Darmstadt, Germany said, “Congratulations ISRO on this historic landing. ESA is proud to support the Chandrayaan-3 mission. Our ground stations are a core element of ESA’s support to its international partners, and I am pleased that with this activity, we are further strengthening ESA’s relationship with ISRO and with India. I look forward to supporting further pioneering ISRO missions, such as Aditya-L1, in the future” . ESA is providing deep space communication support to the Chandrayaan-3 mission.

Russia’s space agency Roskosmos joined in to hail India for the Moon landing. It said in a post on its Telegram channel: “Roskosmos congratulates Indian colleagues on the successful landing of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft. Exploration of the Moon is important for all mankind. In the future it may become a platform for deep space exploration” .

South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa was among several international leaders who congratulated India on the historic Moon landing. “This for us, as the BRICS family, is a momentous occasion and we rejoice with you. We join you in the joy of this great achievement” , he said. Russian President Vladimir Putin sent his “heartfelt congratulations” to India for an “impressive” achievement. He said that “This is a big step forward in space exploration and, of course, a testament to the impressive progress made by India in the field of science and technology” . Dubai’s ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum said, “India continues to make history” .

The implications of India’s impressive achievement with Chandrayaan-3 are wide. Dr. Ian Whittaker described it thus: “It is amazing to see that India have managed a soft lunar landing on only their second attempt. It indicates great things for future missions in the Chandrayaan series, and means they become a bigger player on cooperative missions in the future. Indian schoolchildren will have all watched the landing in schools. It is really seeing science in action and will inspire a new generation of space scientists and researchers” .

Former NASA official Mike Gold, who is currently the Chief Growth Officer of Redwire Space, believes that Chandrayaan-3’s success is a victory of Indian innovation, human capital and the capabilities that will take India further. He noted that what made the success of Chandrayaan-3 amazing was the “relatively little amount of resources that India has used” . Gold went on to say that “This mission will gather invaluable data to help drive our understanding of the Moon, our ability to utilise resources and ultimately where we’re going to establish settlements on the Moon” .  

Anusuya Datta feels that Chandrayaan-3’s success holds potential significance for India’s aspirations of establishing a sustained human presence on the Moon. Under the Artemis Accords, ISRO can lay claim to the landing area for mining rights. Further, a successful Chandrayaan-3 mission will catalyze innovative scientific research, facilitating groundbreaking experiments that contribute to lunar understanding, including its composition, geology, and resource potential. She opined that at the heart of India’s space journey lay a pivotal lesson in self-reliance. ISRO serves as a living testament to the remarkable potential of Indian scientists in conquering challenges. Despite bureaucratic entanglements, political intricacies, and limited resources, ISRO has shattered stereotypes, emerging as a worthy rival to the elite space club.

Kavya Karampuri, a mission systems engineer at Bengaluru-based KaleidEO that specializes in Earth-observation-based space data analytics, is of the view that India’s success will instill confidence in the technological competence of India’s space industry. It would attract global investments in the Indian private space sector, foster international collaboration, and innovation across universities, laboratories, start-ups, and research communities in India.

India’s achievement on the Moon comes at a time when its stock on earth is also rising rapidly. Nuclear-armed India became the world’s fifth-largest economy last year, and as The Guardian noted, Modi’s nationalist government is eager to showcase the country’s rising standing as a technology and space powerhouse. It added, “A successful Moon mission dovetails with Modi’s image of an ascendant India asserting its place among the global elite and would help bolster his popularity ahead of a crucial general election next year” .

The real significance of India’s lunar achievement lies in the fact that when Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon in July 1969, poverty-stricken India was struggling with the consequences of a cruel and exploitative colonial past and ISRO had not even been established; yet, just 50-odd years later, the indomitable spirit, the resilience, and the quest for scientific knowledge and technological prowess of the Indian people has got them where very few have dared venture – as far away as the Moon.  

achievements of isro essay

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Essay On ISRO For Students In Easy Words

  • January 8, 2022

achievements of isro essay

ISRO is the abbreviation of Indian Space Research Organisation. It is an intergovernmental organization, founded in 1969 by India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.

The isro achievements is a essay about how India’s space agency, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), has been able to achieve success in its endeavors.

Introduction:

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is a department that the whole nation is proud of. It is only because of this organization that India has accomplished so much in space today.

ISRO Stands for  International Space Station Research Organization.

achievements of isro essay

This organization and its hard work are well known in India, and now we will tell you more about it. ISRO, or the Indian Space Research Organization, works for the government and provides all of the necessary resources for space research.

We are now one of the most inspirational nations in the world just because of the individuals that work so hard at ISRO. I’ve completed a slew of impossible tasks without even the benefit of good instruction. The difficulties were unending, and there seemed to be no way out, yet people eventually came up with alternative solutions.

Who Was the Founder of ISRO?

Well, this is a critical issue that every Indian must consider. A brilliant guy named APJ Abdul Kalam founded the Indian Space Research Organization, and he was the organization’s first scientist. Today, any accomplishments we have as a company are all due to this outstanding leader.

ISRO was established relatively late after independence since there was no adequate financing for space research in India. Slowly and steadily, when the Indian government realized that being in space might strengthen our nation, they began to invest in it.

ISRO’s missions were enormously successful, and many nations are still attempting to attain that objective. And we, as Indians, never underestimate any of them; whomever begs for assistance, we always go out of our way to assist them with whatever resource or knowledge they need.

Indian Space Research Organization’s Achievements

When it comes to ISRO’s accomplishments, there are a lot of them. The accomplishments of building their own rocket and even launching it from their own Launchpad.

There are still nations attempting to launch their own rockets from the launching site. They are still reliant on others to do so. Because to India’s space research agency and its dedicated workers, the country has received many honors.

Today, every child in India wants to join ISRO, and it is a great pleasure for every Indian to be a part of this amazing organization. Today, people are attempting to make more and more tough tasks simpler.

The ISRO is providing invaluable assistance to the whole globe, ensuring that no one has to experience the challenges that India has previously overcome. As a result, ties between India and other nations have significantly improved.

If you have any more queries about the ISRO Essay, please leave them in the comments section below.

The isro history is a short essay on the Indian Space Research Organization. It explains how it was founded and what its goals are.

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Essay on Isro the Pride of India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Isro the Pride of India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Isro the Pride of India

Introduction.

ISRO, or Indian Space Research Organisation, is India’s national space agency responsible for creating and launching Indian satellites.

ISRO has successfully launched several satellites like Aryabhata, INSAT and IRS, contributing to progress in various fields.

Spacecrafts

ISRO’s spacecrafts like PSLV and GSLV send these satellites into orbit, demonstrating India’s growing space capabilities.

Exploring the Moon

ISRO’s lunar missions, Chandrayaan-1, 2 and 3, significantly advanced moon research and exploration.

Beyond Earth

ISRO has dared to explore other planets with missions like Mangalyaan and Aditya-L1.

Human Spaceflight

ISRO’s Gaganyaan mission plans include astronaut space travel.

ISRO, indeed, is the pride of India.

250 Words Essay on Isro the Pride of India

Isro: india’s glory.

The Indian Space Research Organisation, or ISRO, makes India shine brightly on the world stage. Established in 1969, it’s a place where India’s smartest scientists work on unveiling the mysteries of space.

Space Science Journey

ISRO started with small steps. In 1975, they sent Aryabhata, India’s first satellite, into space. Today, they have numerous satellites working for the country, from INSAT for communications to IRS for earth imaging and GSAT for internet connectivity. The IRNSS or NavIC helps with navigation and the RISAT series provide critical data on agriculture and disaster management.

Success with Launch Vehicles

ISRO has also shown proficiency in creating launch vehicles. They started with the SLV, India’s first launch vehicle, and have made considerable strides since then. The PSLV can transport multiple satellites into different orbits and the GSLV brings heavier satellites to geostationary orbits. Moreover, the GSLV Mk III, the heaviest vehicle, and SSLV for smaller satellites have also been created.

Lunar and Interplanetary Missions

The Chandrayaan missions showed us the moon like never before. While Chandrayaan-1 found evidence of water, Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed a rover on the moon’s south pole. ISRO’s journey to Mars was completed with the successful Mangalyaan mission. Another achievement was the Aditya-L1 mission to study the Sun.

ISRO has advanced towards human space exploration too. The ambitious Gaganyaan mission aims to send three astronauts into space. With all the developments and preparations underway, the mission is waiting for the right moment to launch.

In conclusion, ISRO’s hard work and innovative advancements in space research make it the pride of India.

500 Words Essay on Isro the Pride of India

A true gem in India’s crown, ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organisation, elevates India’s standing on the global stage. ISRO symbolizes the very spirit of India – innovative, resilient, and forward-looking.

What is ISRO?

ISRO is India’s national space agency. Its central job is to make and use space technology for the good of all Indian people. The Prime Minister of India oversees ISRO’s work, and it serves as the main arm for research and development for the Department of Space.

Achievements in Satellite Technology

ISRO has accomplished a lot in satellite technology. It started with launching Aryabhata, India’s first satellite in 1975. Then it built the INSAT and IRS systems. These systems help with communication, disaster warnings, and studying the Earth’s resources. Later, ISRO built the GSAT system for better internet and TV. It made the NavIC system to give us accurate location details and the RISAT system for all-weather imaging capability.

Launch Vehicle Technology

ISRO also shines in launch vehicle technology. It started with SLV, India’s first vehicle for launching satellites in 1980. Then, it made PSLV and GSLV, able to carry multiple satellites into different orbits. The GSLV Mk III, our most powerful vehicle, can carry heavier things into space. ISRO now is working on SSLV, a small vehicle for launching small satellites.

ISRO made the world sit up with its lunar missions, Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3. They focused on studying the moon and, remarkably, found water. It also launched Mangalyaan, India’s first mission to Mars, and Aditya-L1, our first solar mission.

Human Spaceflight Programme

ISRO’s next big goal is the human spaceflight programme called Gaganyaan. The key aim is to send three astronauts to space by 2022. ISRO has made robust preparations for this, creating the tech and the facilities needed.

Impact on India

ISRO’s work doesn’t just bring us prestige. It helps us in tangible ways, aiding communication, studying the Earth, warning against disasters, and more. It has also opened up new opportunities in space research.

ISRO is truly India’s pride. Its amazing work has boosted India’s standing and given us a vision of a bright future. We can all draw inspiration from ISRO to keep learning, striving, and aiming high, in our own small ways, for our country.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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Short Essay

Essay on ISRO – 250, 500, 1000 Words & 10 Lines

Essay on ISRO: “Embark on a comprehensive exploration of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) through this insightful Essay on ISRO. Uncover the journey of ISRO, from its inception to becoming a global space powerhouse, and delve into its groundbreaking achievements, technological innovations, and the impact on India’s scientific landscape.

Gain a profound understanding of ISRO’s missions, satellite launches, and its pivotal role in advancing space exploration. This Essay on ISRO sheds light on the vision, dedication, and milestones that define ISRO’s remarkable trajectory in space science and technology.

Short Essay on ISRO in 100 Words

Table of Contents

Essay on ISRO in English in 10 Lines

“Explore the triumphs and advancements of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in this concise essay, highlighting its journey, achievements, and impact on space exploration and technology.”

  • The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India’s premier space agency, founded in 1969.
  • ISRO’s primary objective is to harness space technology for national development and scientific research.
  • It made history with its successful launch of Aryabhata, India’s first satellite, in 1975.
  • The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2013 marked ISRO’s remarkable achievement as the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit.
  • ISRO has excelled in cost-effective satellite launches, providing communication, weather, and navigation services.
  • The Chandrayaan missions, exploring the moon, showcased India’s prowess in lunar exploration.
  • ISRO’s consistent success has attracted global attention, fostering collaborations with various space agencies.
  • The organization’s achievements include record satellite launches in a single mission, demonstrating efficiency and reliability.
  • ISRO’s commitment to innovation is evident in projects like the reusable launch vehicle (RLV) and the ambitious Gaganyaan mission.
  • With its visionary leadership, ISRO continues to play a pivotal role in advancing India’s space capabilities and contributing to global space exploration.

Essay on ISRO in 250 Words in English

“Delve into the inspiring journey and groundbreaking achievements of the Indian Space Research Organization – ISRO in this essay, exploring its significant contributions to space science, satellite technology, and India’s position in the global space community.”

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) stands as a beacon of scientific and technological prowess, steering India’s voyage into the cosmos since its establishment in 1969. Founded with the vision of utilizing space technology for national development, ISRO has evolved into a global space player.

One of ISRO’s initial triumphs was the launch of Aryabhata, India’s first satellite, in 1975, marking the nation’s entry into the space age. Since then, ISRO has achieved numerous milestones, distinguishing itself with a series of successful satellite launches and groundbreaking missions.

Notably, the Mars Orbiter Mission, or Mangalyaan, launched in 2013, elevated ISRO’s status globally. India became the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit and the first nation globally to succeed on its maiden attempt. This success showcased not only India’s technological prowess but also its ability to execute cost-effective space missions.

ISRO’s prowess extends to satellite technology, where it has excelled in launching satellites for communication, weather forecasting, navigation, and Earth observation. The organization’s commitment to affordability and efficiency is evident in its record-breaking launches, deploying multiple satellites in a single mission.

The Chandrayaan missions, exploring the moon, further demonstrated ISRO’s capabilities in lunar exploration. These missions expanded our understanding of the moon’s composition and geological features.

ISRO’s achievements have not only enhanced India’s self-reliance in space technology but have also fostered international collaborations. The organization continues to strive for innovation with projects like the reusable launch vehicle (RLV) and the ambitious Gaganyaan mission, aiming to send Indian astronauts into space.

Essay on ISRO 500 Words

“Embark on an in-depth exploration of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in this comprehensive 500-word Essay on ISRO, unraveling its historical evolution, groundbreaking achievements, and significant contributions to India’s space capabilities on the global stage.”

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has emerged as a beacon of scientific and technological prowess, propelling India into the forefront of the global space community. Founded in 1969, ISRO’s journey has been marked by a series of groundbreaking achievements that have not only transformed India’s space capabilities but have also made notable contributions to international space exploration.

At its inception, ISRO’s vision was clear: to harness the potential of space technology for the country’s socio-economic development. The early years saw the successful launch of Aryabhata, India’s first satellite, in 1975, laying the foundation for a robust space program. This was followed by an array of communication and Earth observation satellites, each enhancing India’s technological capabilities and addressing critical societal needs.

However, it was in the 21st century that ISRO truly captured global attention with its Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2013. India became the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit and the first in the world to do so in its maiden attempt. This historic achievement not only showcased India’s technological prowess but also highlighted ISRO’s cost-effective approach to space exploration.

ISRO’s prowess extends beyond Earth’s orbit. The Chandrayaan missions, dedicated to lunar exploration, have significantly contributed to our understanding of the Moon’s geology and composition. Chandrayaan-1, launched in 2008, made the remarkable discovery of water molecules on the lunar surface, marking a pivotal moment in space exploration.

In addition to exploration, ISRO plays a crucial role in providing essential services through its satellite programs. The constellation of communication satellites ensures widespread connectivity, while meteorological satellites aid in accurate weather forecasting, benefiting agriculture, disaster management, and various other sectors. Navigation satellites like the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), also known as NavIC, enhance precision in navigation and positioning applications.

ISRO’s commitment to innovation is evident in its endeavors like the reusable launch vehicle (RLV) and the ambitious Gaganyaan mission. The RLV project aims to reduce launch costs by creating a cost-effective, reusable spacecraft. On the other hand, Gaganyaan, slated to send Indian astronauts into space, signifies India’s entry into human spaceflight, marking a significant milestone in the nation’s space odyssey.

The organization’s achievements are not limited to its own endeavors. ISRO has become a reliable and cost-effective option for international satellite launches. The successful launch of numerous foreign satellites has established ISRO as a preferred partner for countries seeking access to space.

While ISRO has celebrated numerous triumphs, it has also faced challenges, including the occasional setback in mission attempts. However, these challenges have only served to strengthen ISRO’s resolve, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and resilience.

In conclusion, ISRO’s journey is a saga of dedication, innovation, and transformative achievements. From launching satellites for communication and remote sensing to exploring Mars and the Moon, ISRO has continually expanded the horizons of India’s space capabilities.

The organization’s commitment to advancing space technology for the benefit of humanity is not just a national achievement but a global contribution that exemplifies the power of science and human ingenuity. As ISRO looks toward the future with ambitious plans, it continues to inspire the world and shape the destiny of India’s presence in the cosmos.

Essay on ISRO in English in 1000 Words

“Embark on an extensive exploration of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in this comprehensive 1000-word Essay on ISRO, unraveling its historical evolution, technological milestones, international collaborations, and transformative impact on India’s space capabilities.”

India’s Cosmic Odyssey: A Comprehensive Exploration of ISRO

Introduction: The Genesis of ISRO

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1969, marking a significant milestone in India’s foray into space exploration. Guided by the visionary Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, ISRO’s foundation aimed to harness space technology for national development and address societal needs.

Early Years and Foundation

In its early years, ISRO focused on building the foundation for a robust space program. The successful launch of Aryabhata, India’s first satellite, in 1975 marked a turning point. This satellite laid the groundwork for communication, Earth observation, and scientific research, setting the stage for ISRO’s future endeavors.

Evolution of ISRO’s Space Program

ISRO’s space program evolved rapidly, with a series of satellite launches enhancing India’s technological capabilities. The development of satellite technology became a cornerstone, providing essential services like telecommunications, weather forecasting, and resource monitoring. The INSAT series and IRS satellites played pivotal roles in transforming these aspirations into reality.

Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)

The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), launched in 2013, catapulted India into the league of interplanetary explorers. Not only did Mangalyaan successfully enter Martian orbit, but it did so on its maiden attempt, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars and the first in the world to do so at such a low cost. This mission showcased ISRO’s cost-effective approach and technological prowess on the global stage.

Lunar Exploration: Chandrayaan Missions

Building on its success with Mangalyaan, ISRO set its sights on lunar exploration. Chandrayaan-1, launched in 2008, made a historic discovery by finding water molecules on the Moon’s surface. The Chandrayaan-2 mission, with an orbiter, lander, and rover, further advanced India’s capabilities in lunar exploration, showcasing ISRO’s commitment to unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos.

Satellite Constellations for Societal Needs

ISRO’s satellite constellations serve as lifelines for various societal needs. Communication satellites like the INSAT/GSAT series have revolutionized connectivity across the country. Meteorological satellites provide accurate weather forecasting, aiding agriculture, disaster management, and infrastructure planning. Navigation satellites, including the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), known as NavIC, enhance precision in navigation and positioning applications.

Cost-Effective Innovation and Reusable Launch Vehicles

One of ISRO’s hallmarks is its ability to achieve cost-effective solutions without compromising on quality. The organization continually explores innovative approaches to reduce launch costs. The Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) project aims to create a cost-effective, reusable spacecraft, further cementing ISRO’s reputation as a leader in efficient space exploration.

Human Spaceflight: The Gaganyaan Mission

ISRO’s ambitious Gaganyaan mission represents a significant leap in India’s space program. Envisioned as India’s first manned space mission, Gaganyaan aims to send Indian astronauts into space. This mission not only showcases technological advancements but also reflects India’s aspirations to join the exclusive club of nations capable of human spaceflight.

International Collaborations and Commercial Launches

ISRO’s achievements extend beyond national borders, with a growing reputation for international collaborations and commercial launches. The organization actively collaborates with various space agencies, contributing to global space exploration efforts. Additionally, ISRO’s cost-effective launch services have made it a preferred choice for commercial satellite launches worldwide.

Challenges and Resilience

ISRO’s journey has not been without challenges. Setbacks, while inevitable in the realm of space exploration, have served as learning opportunities. From launch failures to technical glitches, ISRO has displayed resilience, learning from each experience and emerging stronger. This resilience has become a hallmark of the organization’s culture.

Conclusion: ISRO’s Continued Odyssey: Shaping India’s Cosmic Destiny

In conclusion, ISRO’s odyssey has been nothing short of extraordinary. From its humble beginnings to reaching the frontiers of interplanetary exploration, ISRO has showcased India’s technological prowess and resilience. The organization’s commitment to addressing societal needs through space technology, its innovative solutions, and its forays into lunar and Martian exploration have positioned India as a key player in the global space community. As ISRO continues its cosmic journey, it not only shapes India’s destiny in space but also inspires the world with its unwavering dedication to the pursuit of knowledge and exploration.

This Essay on ISRO has explored the multifaceted journey of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), from its nascent stages to its current standing as a global space powerhouse.

ISRO’s remarkable achievements, cost-effective innovations, and unwavering commitment to space exploration have not only transformed India’s technological landscape but have also made significant contributions to our understanding of the cosmos. As ISRO continues its cosmic odyssey, it stands as a symbol of India’s indomitable spirit and scientific prowess on the world stage.

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Essay on ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization)

Essay on ISRO

ISRO stands for Indian Space Research Organization; it is a space agency that comes under the Department of Space (DOS). ISRO is known for conducting economical programs and is responsible for managing space affairs in India. One of the main achievements is conducting a successful landing on Mars on the first attempt also being the least expensive Mars Mission in the world. ISRO is also responsible to carry out communication satellites and is supposed to work with DRDO to watch out for the security of India.

Short and Long Essay on ISRO in English

Here is a long essay mentioning the history and importance of ISRO to India.

10 Lines Essay on ISRO (100-120 Words)

1) The space-related affairs of India are managed by an agency known as ISRO.

2) ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) was set up on 15 August 1969.

3) The headquarters of ISRO reside in Bangalore.

4) ISRO’s current serving chairman is Shri S. Somanath (2022).

5) Aryabhatt is India’s first satellite developed by ISRO.

6) ISRO has discovered two moon missions.

7) DoS or the Department of Space is responsible for monitoring and managing ISRO.

8) Recently, ISRO has successfully completed Mars Mission.

9) IRS, INSAT, GAGAN, etc are some pride projects of ISRO.

10) ISRO holds 5 launch vehicles out of which three are operational launch vehicles.

Long Essay on Indian Space Research Organization – 1300 Words

Introduction

ISRO is also called Bhartiya Antariksh Anusandhan Sangathan in Hindi. It is directly seen by the Prime Minister of India. The current chairman, Dr. Kailasavadivoo Sivan also known as K Sivan is also an executive member of the Department of Space (DOS). ISRO holds the record for being one of the agencies with Full Launch capabilities, the ability to launch extraterrestrial missions and can operate a big cortege of artificial satellites.

ISRO boasts 5 launch vehicles namely Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV), Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV-MK III). Among those, 3 are operational launch vehicles which are mentioned below-

  • PSLV – Stands for Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, it is a third generation launch vehicle and was first launched in the year 1994. Till 2017, it has launched 257 satellites in which 48 are Indian satellites and 209 are foreign. It is well known for its successful launch of Mars Orbiter Spacecraft in 2013 and Chandrayan-1 in2008.
  • GSLV – Also known as Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle Mark II (MKII) was launched first on 18 th April 2001. Since then it has been in 13 missions and holds the record for having success in 4 missions consecutively.
  • GSLV-MK III – Was chosen to launch the Chandrayan II and has the twice the capacity of GSLV MK II and was launched in the year 2014 for the first time.

History of ISRO

Earlier scientists like S.K. Mitra, C.V. Raman, and Meghnad Saha used to carry space programs. Later Vikram Sarabhai founded Physical Research Laboratory at Ahmedabad. Homi Bhabha established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 1945.

In 1962, the urge of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was established by PM Jawaharlal Nehru. Later in 1963 sounding rocket was launched from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS). On 15th August 1969 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was established.

One of the biggest landmarks was seen when ISRO sent its first satellite ‘Aryabhatta’ with a Soviet Rocket in the year 1975. Later, in the year 1982, Indian National Satellite (INSAT-1A) was launched. ISRO collaborated with the Soviet Union to conduct the first manned mission in 1984 in which Rakesh Sharma was a part of it.

In 1994, ISRO conducted the launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), the third generation of launch vehicles. Moving to 2001, ISRO managed to successfully launch GSLV D1. ISRO stepped on the moon in the year 2008 and in 2014 ISRO managed to land on Mars.

History of Indian Space Research Organization

Role of ISRO in the Advancement of India

ISRO’s role in the Advancement of India cannot be forgotten from Aryabhatta to NavIC. Here are some of the projects that became a landmark and helped India in modernization.

  • IRS – the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) is a series of Earth observation satellites from India. The IRS line provides remote sensing services and is the largest set of residential remote sensing satellites in use today in the world. They have a wide range of applications which are beneficial for different purposes.
  • INSAT – The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is the Indian family of communication satellites. The project jointly includes DOS, DOT, MBI and Prasar Bharti. It is a multipurpose geostationary satellite helpful in different needs like telecommunications, broadcasting and research. These satellites have been put to good use by the Indian armed forces. GSAT9 or “SAARC Satellite” is a notable example of communication services to India’s small neighbors.
  • GAGAN – GAGAN stands for GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation. It is a GPS Satellite Augmentation System working regionally; it has satellite communication and air traffic management plan for the aviation industry ‘civil Aviation. The Indian system SBAS, space Augmentation System.

Achievements of ISRO

India is prideful to have ISRO as it has given us many reasons to feel pride. ISRO has always delivered whenever India wanted to do something, ISRO never failed to surprise us. Be it the cheapest landing on Mars or finding water on Moon, ISRO has done many works. Here are some of the Achievements that ISRO must be proud of.

  • Mars Orbital Mission (MOM) – The Mars Orbital Mission or Mangalyan is one of the biggest successes for ISRO. ISRO achieved the target of reaching Mars in the most economical way and became the first space agency to reach mars in the first attempt. The budget was 450 crores which is less than many Hollywood movies making India the 4 th country to reach on Mars. There is a movie made to highlight the landing of Mangalyan naming Mission Mangal.
  • 104 satellites in 1 Mission – ISRO in 2017 created history as it launched 104 satellites in 1 goes. ISRO used its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle to perform this target. Among 104 satellites, 101 were foreign and 3 were Indian.
  • Water on Moon – India’s Chandrayan I mission was launched on 14 th November, 2008. It landed on the south pole of the moon and founded hydroxyl absorption lines on the surface. It was later confirmed by NASA, when M 3 sent data on 25 th September, 2009.

Budget Allocations

If an organization is this big that the world praises and hails its works, then it will definitely need a good amount of budget. Indian government never failed to provide that. Although, the Mars Orbital Mission was inexpensive but now the budget is not a big issue. The 8,228 Crore expenditure which was allocated for 2020-21, increased to 13,949 Crore for 2021-22. A new public sector named New Space India Limited (NSIL) got an allocation of Rs 700 crores for the same term.

Budget Allocations by ISRO

ISRO – The Pride of India

Mentioning ISRO as a pride of India is no doubt a big statement. ISRO is something that India will always boast of. ISRO has been regarded as one of the fastest-growing space agencies in the world and can change the space race. Below mentioned points tell why India considers ISRO a pride.

  • ISRO’s mars mission was so cheap that it took only Rs 7/km to reach mars.
  • SUPARCO of Pakistan was established 8 years earlier than ISRO but the capabilities of launching satellite will be developed by 2040.
  • ISRO is planning to launch Human Spaceflight program in 2023 which might make India the 4 th country to send humans in Space.
  • ISRO works closely with Defence Research Development Organization for India’s defence and they have signed an MOU for the upcoming Gaganyan Mission.
  • ISRO is also planning to launch its Space Station soon after the Gaganyan mission.

ISRO has always stunned everyone with its unbelievable achievements. However, they have failed many times but it didn’t affect them. ISRO has always learned from the setbacks and just as the diamond shines, it kept shining. The Indian government has also supported ISRO and past few years, the budget allocations are majorly focused. An Indian person sees ISRO scientists as supermen and respects them whenever they get to meet them. ISRO is supposed to compete with NASA in near future and it can be a matter of respect for all of us.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Ans. ISRO is the National Space Agency which mainly focuses on space affairs in India.

Ans. ISRO stands for Indian Space Research Organization.

Ans. ISRO was established on 15th August 1969.

Ans. The chairman of ISRO is Dr. K. Sivan.

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COMMENTS

  1. Essay On ISRO in English for Students

    Achievements of ISRO. The first Indian satellite that was built by ISRO was Aryabhata, whose launching took place on April 19 th, 1975. Furthermore, 1980 was another important year for ISRO because the launching of the Rohini satellite took place. ... Conclusion of the Essay on ISRO. There is no doubt that ISRO is really the pride of India ...

  2. ISRO

    The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the space agency of India with its headquarters in the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka.Organized space research in India was initiated by Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai, who is widely regarded as the Father of the Indian Space Program.It was on his urging that the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was established in 1962.

  3. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

    ISRO's first satellite, Aryabhata, was launched by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975. Rohini, the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle (the Satellite Launch Vehicle 3), was launched on July 18, 1980. ISRO has launched several space systems, including the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system for telecommunication, television broadcasting, meteorology ...

  4. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Achievements, Challenges

    Indian Space Research Organisation, or ISRO, is the country of India's space agency. It was established in 1969 to support the creation of an indigenous space project in India. The Department of Space of the Government of India oversees ISRO, a space agency with headquarters in Bengaluru, Karnataka. Its goal is to pursue planetary exploration ...

  5. Indian Space Program: Phases and Achievements

    It is a Central Public Sector Enterprise of the Government of India that was founded in 2019 and is managed by the Department of Space. It is ISRO's commercial arm, and its major purpose is to enable Indian enterprises to engage in high-technology space-related operations. It is headquartered in Bengaluru.

  6. Indian Space Research Organisation [ISRO]

    Candidates can go through a few more achievements of ISRO mentioned below - ISRO has launched many operational remote sensing satellites, starting with IRS-1A in 1988. Detailed information on IRS-1A - the first indigenous remote sensing satelite is available on the linked page. Today, India has one of the largest constellations of remote ...

  7. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

    ISRO is the space agency under the Department of Space of Government of India, headquartered in the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka. Its vision is to harness space technology for national development, while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration. Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL) is a Marketing arm of ISRO for promotion and ...

  8. PDF Indian Space Programme

    Indian Space Programme - Achievements (May 2014 to April 2018) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has completed 166 missions out of which 53 missions (23 Launch vehicle missions, 23 satellite missions & 7 technology demonstration missions) has been accomplished during the period May 2014 to April 2018. Launch Vehicles

  9. India's accomplishments in space are getting more impressive

    The Indian government this year is allocating $1.52 billion to space efforts, and India developed and launched Chandrayaan 3 for less than $100 million, lower than the cost of many blockbuster ...

  10. ISRO achievements are many, enumerate them in some detail

    ISRO is the best organization In India and all great and hardworking scientists giving their best performance. These scientists are playing their role honesty, responsibility and dedication in their work and giving new direction for ISRO. - Sanyog Varshney. Related Essay. Achievements of ISRO; ISRO-achievements essay

  11. PDF Recent Achievements of ISRO

    The achievements are remarkable considering the frugal budget of the Indian Space Research Organisation, which has made a name for itself for low-cost, high-return space missions. 2) Achievements by ISRO Mangalyaan, 2014 a) India joined an exclusive global club when it successfully launched the Mars Orbiter Mission

  12. ISRO UPSC: History, Achievements, Information about ISRO

    Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) - History, Achievements, ISRO UPSC Notes. ISRO, Indian Space Research Organisation, is the space agency of the Indian government's Department of Space, based in Bengaluru, Karnataka. It was founded in 1969 and holds the mission to use space technology for national growth while conducting space ...

  13. ISRO

    The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO / ˈ ɪ s r oʊ /) is the national space agency of India. It operates as the primary research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India while the Chairman of ISRO also acts as the executive of DoS. ISRO is primarily responsible for performing tasks related to space-based ...

  14. ISRO: Tracing The Footsteps

    ISRO has completed 115 spacecraft missions, 84 launch missions, and 13 student satellites. Major Accomplishments of ISRO. The first "Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES)" was set up in Ahmedabad in 1967. The ISRO developed a television program called "Krishi Darshan" to provide farmers with agricultural information.

  15. Chandrayaan-3's Moon landing: a remarkable achievement that showcases

    The real significance of India's lunar achievement lies in the fact that when Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon in July 1969, poverty-stricken India was struggling with the consequences of a cruel and exploitative colonial past and ISRO had not even been established; yet, just 50-odd years later, the indomitable spirit, the resilience, and ...

  16. Essay on India's Achievements in Space

    ISRO plans to launch Gaganyaan, its first manned mission, and continue exploring the moon, Mars, Venus, and the Sun. 250 Words Essay on India's Achievements in Space Introduction. India's journey into space began with the establishment of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969.

  17. Essay on ISRO

    ISRO's accomplishments showcase India's prowess in space technology. The agency's commitment to the betterment of the nation and humanity at large is commendable. As ISRO continues to break new ground, it fuels the aspirations of a nation and inspires future generations to dream big. 500 Words Essay on ISRO Introduction

  18. Essay On ISRO For Students In Easy Words

    The isro achievements is a essay about how India's space agency, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), has been able to achieve success in its endeavors. Introduction: The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is a department that the whole nation is proud of. It is only because of this organization that India has accomplished so ...

  19. Essay on Isro the Pride of India

    Students are often asked to write an essay on Isro the Pride of India in their schools and colleges. And if you're also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic. ... Achievements in Satellite Technology. ISRO has accomplished a lot in satellite technology. It started with launching Aryabhata ...

  20. ISRO's Accomplishments in 2023

    The year 2023 was a landmark one for India's Space Agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation, (ISRO),as it accomplished huge milestones - from becoming the first country to reach the Moon's south pole (Chandrayaan-3) to sending a spacecraft to study the Sun (Aditya L1). Chandrayaan-3 was a record-setting mission because the ...

  21. Essay on ISRO

    Essay on ISRO in English in 10 Lines. "Explore the triumphs and advancements of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in this concise essay, highlighting its journey, achievements, and impact on space exploration and technology.". The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India's premier space agency, founded in 1969.

  22. Essay on ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization)

    10 Lines Essay on ISRO (100-120 Words) 1) The space-related affairs of India are managed by an agency known as ISRO. 2) ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) was set up on 15 August 1969. 3) The headquarters of ISRO reside in Bangalore. ... Achievements of ISRO.

  23. Essay on ISRO Pride of India

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