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Solve a real-world problem using Java

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As I wrote in the first two articles in this series, I enjoy solving small problems by writing small programs in different languages, so I can compare the different ways they approach the solution. The example I'm using in this series is dividing bulk supplies into hampers of similar value to distribute to struggling neighbors in your community, which you can read about in the first article in this series.
In the first article, I solved this problem using the Groovy programming language , which is like Python in many ways, but syntactically it's more like C and Java. In the second article, I solved it in Python with a very similar design and effort, which demonstrates the resemblance between the languages.
Now I'll try it in Java .
The Java solution
When working in Java, I find myself declaring utility classes to hold tuples of data (the new record feature is going to be great for that), rather than using the language support for maps offered in Groovy and Python. This is because Java encourages creating maps that map one specific type to another specific type, but in Groovy or Python, it's cool to have a map with mixed-type keys and mixed-type values.
The first task is to define these utility classes, and the first is the Unit class:
There's nothing too startling here. I effectively created a class whose instances are immutable since there are no setters for fields item , brand , or price and they are declared private . As a general rule, I don't see value in creating a mutable data structure unless I'm going to mutate it; and in this application, I don't see any value in mutating the Unit class.
While more effort is required to create these utility classes, creating them encourages a bit more design effort than just using a map, which can be a good thing. In this case, I realized that a bulk package is composed of a number of individual units, so I created the Pack class:
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Similar to the Unit class, the Pack class is immutable. A couple of things worth mentioning here:
- I could have passed a Unit instance into the Pack constructor. I chose not to because the bundled, physical nature of a bulk package encouraged me to think of the "unit-ness" as an internal thing not visible from the outside but that requires unpacking to expose the units. Is this an important decision in this case? Probably not, but to me, at least, it's always good to think through this kind of consideration.
- Which leads to the unpack() method. The Pack class creates the list of Unit instances only when you call this method—that is, the class is lazy . As a general design principle, I've found it's worthwhile to decide whether a class' behavior should be eager or lazy, and when it doesn't seem to matter, I go with lazy. Is this an important decision in this case? Maybe—this lazy design enables a new list of Unit instances to be generated on every call of unpack() , which could prove to be a good thing down the road. In any case, getting in the habit of always thinking about eager vs. lazy behavior is a good habit.
The sharp-eyed reader will note that, unlike in the Groovy and Python examples where I was mostly focused on compact code and spent way less time thinking about design decisions, here, I separated the definition of a Pack from the number of Pack instances purchased. Again, from a design perspective, this seemed like a good idea as the Pack is conceptually quite independent of the number of Pack instances acquired.
Given this, I need one more utility class: the Bought class:
- I decided to pass a Pack into the constructor. Why? Because to my way of thinking, the physical structure of the purchased bulk packages is external, not internal, as in the case of the individual bulk packages. Once again, it may not be important in this application, but I believe it's always good to think about these things. If nothing else, note that I am not married to symmetry!
- Once again the unpack() method demonstrates the lazy design principle. This goes to more effort to generate a list of Unit instances (rather than a list of lists of Unit instances, which would be easier but require flattening further out in the code).
OK! Time to move on and solve the problem. First, declare the purchased packs:
This is pretty nice from a readability perspective: there is one pack of Best Family Rice containing 10 units that cost 5,650 (using those crazy monetary units, like in the other examples). It's straightforward to see that in addition to the one bulk pack of 10 bags of rice, the organization acquired 10 bulk packs of one bag each of spaghetti. The utility classes are doing some work under the covers, but that's not important at this point because of the great design job!
Note the var keyword is used here; it's one of the nice features in recent versions of Java that help make the language a bit less verbose (the principle is called DRY —don't repeat yourself) by letting the compiler infer the variable's data type from the right-side expression's type. This looks kind of similar to the Groovy def keyword, but since Groovy by default is dynamically typed and Java is statically typed, the typing information inferred in Java by var persists throughout the lifetime of that variable.
Finally, it's worth mentioning that packs here is an array and not a List instance. If you were reading this data from a separate file, you would probably prefer to create it as a list.
Next, unpack the bulk packages. Because the unpacking of Pack instances is delegated into lists of Unit instances, you can use that like this:
This uses some of the nice functional programming features introduced in later Java versions. Convert the array packs declared previously to a Java stream, use flatmap() with a lambda to flatten the sublists of units generated by the unpack() method of the Bought class, and collect the resulting stream elements back into a list.
As in the Groovy and Java solutions, the final step is repacking the units into the hampers for distribution. Here's the code—it's not much wordier than the Groovy version (tiresome semicolons aside) nor really all that different:
Some clarification, with numbers in brackets in the comments above (e.g., [1] ) corresponding to the clarifications below:
- 1. Set up the ideal and maximum values to be loaded into any given hamper, initialize Java's random number generator and the hamper number.
- 2.1 Increment the hamper number, get a new empty hamper (a list of Unit instances), and set its value to 0.
- 2.2.1 Get a random number between zero and the number of remaining units minus 1.
- 2.2.2 Assume you can't find more units to add.
- 2.2.3.1 Figure out which unit to look at.
- 2.2.3.2 Add this unit to the hamper if there are only a few left or if the value of the hamper isn't too high once the unit is added and that unit isn't already in the hamper.
- 2.2.3.3 Add the unit to the hamper, increment the hamper value by the unit price, and remove the unit from the available units list.
- 2.2.3.4 As long as there are units left, you can add more, so break out of this loop to keep looking.
- 2.2.4 On exit from this for {} loop, if you inspected every remaining unit and could not find one to add to the hamper, the hamper is complete; otherwise, you found one and can continue looking for more.
- 2.3 Print out the contents of the hamper.
- 2.4 Print out the remaining units info.
When you run this code, the output looks quite similar to the output from the Groovy and Python programs:
The last hamper is abbreviated in contents and value.
Closing thoughts
The similarities in the "working code" with the Groovy original are obvious—the close relationship between Groovy and Java is evident. Groovy and Java diverged in a few ways in things that were added to Java after Groovy was released, such as the var vs. def keywords and the superficial similarities and differences between Groovy closures and Java lambdas. Moreover, the whole Java streams framework adds a great deal of power and expressiveness to the Java platform (full disclosure, in case it's not obvious—I am but a babe in the Java streams woods).
Java's intent to use maps for mapping instances of a single type to instances of another single type pushes you to use utility classes, or tuples, instead of the more inherently flexible intents in Groovy maps (which are basically just Map<Object,Object> plus a lot of syntactic sugar to vanish the kinds of casting and instanceof hassles that you would create in Java) or in Python. The bonus from this is the opportunity to apply some real design effort to these utility classes, which pays off at least insofar as it instills good habits in the programmer.
Aside from the utility classes, there isn't a lot of additional ceremony nor boilerplate in the Java code compared to the Groovy code. Well, except that you need to add a bunch of imports and wrap the "working code" in a class definition, which might look like this:
The same fiddly bits are necessary in Java as they are in Groovy and Python when it comes to grabbing stuff out of the list of Unit instances for the hampers, involving random numbers, loops through remaining units, etc.
Another issue worth mentioning—this isn't a particularly efficient approach. Removing elements from ArrayLists , being careless about repeated expressions, and a few other things make this less suitable for a huge redistribution problem. I've been a bit more careful here to stick with integer data. But at least it's quite quick to execute.
Yes, I'm still using the dreaded while { … } and for { … } . I still haven't thought of a way to use map and reduce style stream processing in conjunction with a random selection of units for repackaging. Can you?
Stay tuned for the next articles in this series, with versions in Julia and Go .

Why I use Java
There are probably better languages than Java, depending on work requirements. But I haven't seen anything yet to pull me away.

Managing a non-profit organization's supply chain with Groovy
Let's use Groovy to solve a charity's distribution problem.

Use Python to solve a charity's business problem
Comparing how different programming languages solve the same problem is fun and instructive. Next up, Python.

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Java Programming: Solving Problems with Software
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About this Course
Learn to code in Java and improve your programming and problem-solving skills. You will learn to design algorithms as well as develop and debug programs. Using custom open-source classes, you will write programs that access and transform images, websites, and other types of data. At the end of the course you will build a program that determines the popularity of different baby names in the US over time by analyzing comma separated value (CSV) files.
After completing this course you will be able to: 1. Edit, compile, and run a Java program; 2. Use conditionals and loops in a Java program; 3. Use Java API documentation in writing programs. 4. Debug a Java program using the scientific method; 5. Write a Java method to solve a specific problem; 6. Develop a set of test cases as part of developing a program; 7. Create a class with multiple methods that work together to solve a problem; and 8. Use divide-and-conquer design techniques for a program that uses multiple methods.
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- Problem Solving
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Instructors

Owen Astrachan

Robert Duvall

Andrew D. Hilton

Susan H. Rodger

Duke University
Duke University has about 13,000 undergraduate and graduate students and a world-class faculty helping to expand the frontiers of knowledge. The university has a strong commitment to applying knowledge in service to society, both near its North Carolina campus and around the world.
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Syllabus - What you will learn from this course
Introduction to the course.
Welcome to “Java Programming: Solving Problems with Software”! We are excited that you are starting our course to learn how to write programs in Java, one of the most popular programming languages in the world. In this introductory module, you will get to meet the instructor team from Duke University and have an overview of the course. Have fun!
Fundamental Java Syntax and Semantics
In this module, you will learn to write and run your first Java programs, including one program that prints “Hello!” in various countries’ languages and another where you will analyze the perimeters and other information of shapes. To accomplish these tasks, you will learn the basics of Java syntax and how to design stepwise solutions with programs. By the end of this module, you will be able to: (1) Download and run BlueJ, the Java programming environment for this course; (2) Access the documentation for the Java libraries specially designed for this course; (3) Edit, compile, and run a Java program; (4) Construct methods, variables, if else statements, and for each loops in Java; and (5) Use Iterables (like DirectoryResource) to run a program that iterates over multiples lines in a document or webpage or multiple files in a directory.
Strings in Java
This module begins with a short presentation from Raluca Gordân, an assistant professor in Duke University’s Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, about an important problem genomics scientists encounter regularly: how to identify genes in a strand of DNA. To tackle this problem, you will need to understand strings: series of characters such as letters, digits, punctuation, etc. After learning about Java methods that work with strings, you will be able to find genes within a DNA string as well as tackle other string related problems, such as finding all of the links in a web page. By the end of this module, you will be able to: (1) Use important methods for the Java String class; (2) Use conditionals, for loops, and while loops appropriately in a Java program; (3) Find patterns in the data represented by strings to help develop the algorithm for your program; (4) Understand the importance of designing programs that keep different data processing steps separate; (5) Use the StorageResource iterable for this course to store some data for further processing; and (6) Rely on Java documentation to better understand how to use different Java packages and classes.
CSV Files and Basic Statistics in Java
A common format for storing tabular data (any data organized into columns and rows) is in comma separated values (CSV) files. In this module, you will learn how to analyze and manipulate data from multiple CSV data files using a powerful open-source software package: Apache Commons CSV. Using this library will empower you to solve problems that could prove too complex to solve with a spreadsheet. By the end of this module, you will be able to: (1) Use the open-source Apache Commons CSV package in your own Java programs; (2) Access data from one or many CSV files using Java; (3) Convert strings into numbers; (4) Understand how to use “null” in Java programs (when you want to represent “nothing”); (5) Devise an algorithm (and implement in Java) to answer questions about CSV data; and (6) Analyze CSV data across multiple CSV files (for example, find maximums, minimums, averages, and other simple statistical results).
MiniProject: Baby Names
This module wraps up the course with a mini project that ties together the different practices, skills, and libraries you have gained across the course! Using data on the popularity of different baby names in the United States from the past several decades, you will be able to compare different names’ popularity over time. While the data we have collected for this course is from the United States, we welcome you to share data from other countries in the course discussion forums. Good luck with the mini project!
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TOP REVIEWS FROM JAVA PROGRAMMING: SOLVING PROBLEMS WITH SOFTWARE
Being new to programming, this course was challenging, but it was well designed course and helped me with reasoning and gaining confidence with handling Methods and Loops and conditionals.
Excellent explanations and amount of course work for practice, the tests made good use of the examples and work given, I am satisfied with what I learned in this course and see it's real world usage.
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Java is the foundation for virtually every type of networked application and is the global standard for developing and delivering embedded and mobile applications, games, Web-based content, and enterprise software. With more than 9 million developers worldwide, Java enables you to efficiently develop, deploy and use exciting applications and services.
The best way we learn anything is by practice and exercise questions. Here you have the opportunity to practice the Java programming language concepts by solving the exercises starting from basic to more complex exercises. A sample solution is provided for each exercise. It is recommended to do these exercises by yourself first before checking the solution.
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Java: How do I break out of nested loops in Java?
Like other answerers, I'd definitely prefer to put the loops in a different method, at which point you can just return to stop iterating completely. This answer just shows how the requirements in the question can be met. You can use break with a label for the outer loop. For example:
This prints:
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How to improve problem solving skills in java programming.

Most developers would agree that Java problem solving skills are one of the most important skills to have when it comes to programming. After all, what good is a developer who can’t solve problems? But even for the best Java developers, problem solving skills in java programming can be a difficult task.
That’s why we’ve put together this list of 6 easy tips to improve problem solving skills in programming (Java).

What Do We Mean By Programming Problem Solving Skills?
Problem solving skills are the ability to identify and solve problems. When it comes to Java development, this means being able to find solutions to coding challenges, debugging errors, and working through difficult logic puzzles.
Java Problem Solving For Beginners (With An Example):
Let’s take a look at an example of how to use problem-solving skills in Java. Suppose you have a list of numbers, and you want to find the sum of the even numbers in that list. This is what your code might look like:
In this code, we are using a for loop to iterate through the list of numbers. We then use a conditional statement to determine if the integer passed to the conditional statement is even or not. If it is an even number, we add it to our sum variable.
Here’s how you would solve this problem without using any of the available tools in Java:
Use a for loop to iterate through each number in your list. Use modulus (%) and double-check your work to make sure that you know which numbers are even.
With a for loop, this might not look too difficult. But what happens when the problem gets more complex? What happens when you have a list of 100 or 1000 numbers instead of just 6? You would have to use nested for loops, and it could get very confusing.
Why Is Learning Problem Solving Skills In Java So Crucial?
While having adequate skills in problem-solving, Java developers can create ample amount of opportunities for themselves, like:
- They can meet the high demand for Java developers and command high salaries.
- They can ace software engineering, as problem-solving is a critical skill for any software engineer.
- They can get support from the largest development communities in the world.

How To Improve Problem Solving Skills In Competitive Programming:
1. practice makes perfect with skills of problem solving.
The only way to get better at solving problems is by practicing. The more complex the situation, the more you will need to rely on your problem solving skills and ability to think outside the box. If you’re one of those developers that are always looking for a challenge, take online boot camps where companies post coding challenges and Java programmers compete against each other to find solutions as quickly as possible.
2. Use the Power of Google (or other dev tools)
There may be times when your code works perfectly fine but you still don’t know how it actually works. When you run into these times, don’t be afraid to use Google! There are times when a simple Google search is all you need to complete the task at hand.
3. Find a Friend for Code Reviews
If you have a colleague or friend who’s also passionate about Java development, find them and do code reviews together! Code reviews are an excellent learning experience for any developer. Not only will they help improve your skills of problem solving in Java, but they will also teach you new things that you might not know about the language.
4. Try Pair Programming
Pair programming is a great way to work through bugs and complex logic problems with another person. When coding in pairs, it becomes much easier to solve difficult problems since there are two brains working on it—and if one of those programmers knows how to solve the problem, the other one might just learn something new.
Read the Related Article – what is pair programming ?
5. Use Debuggers to Your Advantage
Debuggers are a developer’s best friend—they will save you time and headaches when it comes to debugging errors in code. If you don’t have any experience with Java debuggers, now would be a great time to try one out! Just knowing how to use a debugger can go a long way in helping you solve difficult problems.
6. Keep an Open Mind
When solving a problem, there will be some developers who try to use the “standard” way of doing things. For some problems, this might work perfectly fine—but when you’re trying to solve a difficult problem, sometimes it’s best not to follow convention and think outside the box!
Being able to solve problems is an essential skill of a web developer , but Java developers, in particular, need strong skills in problem-solving to succeed. If you’re looking for help with how to improve your problem-solving abilities in Java, start by practicing more often and using the power of Google or other dev tools when needed. You can also find friends who are passionate about programming to do code reviews together—or if you want some hands-on experience try pair programming! Debuggers will save time and headaches as well, so make sure that you know how they work before tackling difficult problems on your own. The key is practice; give these tips a shot today and see what happens!
Ans- Skills of Problem-solving in Java are the ability to identify and solve problems. This includes being able to understand the problem, come up with a solution, and then code that solution. Java developers need these skills to be successful because they often have to work on projects with tight deadlines and limited resources.
Ans- The best time to use Google is when a developer doesn’t know how to solve a problem that they’re facing. There’s almost always someone who has run into the same problem, so it’s important to know how to use Google to find other solutions.
Ans- Pair programming is a method of working on a task with another person. One developer codes while the other reviews, and together they work through the problem. It’s a great way to learn while you work, and it can be especially helpful for more difficult problems that require the knowledge of both developers.

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Java Programming Examples
- How to Read and Print an Integer value in Java
- Printing Integer between Strings in Java
- Strings in Java
- Returning Multiple values in Java
- Arrays in Java
- How to add an element to an Array in Java?
- How to determine length or size of an Array in Java?
- length vs length() in Java
- Split() String method in Java with examples
- Java String trim() method with Example
- Trim (Remove leading and trailing spaces) a string in Java
- Java Program to Count the Number of Lines, Words, Characters, and Paragraphs in a Text File
- Check if a String Contains Only Alphabets in Java Using Lambda Expression
- Remove elements from a List that satisfy given predicate in Java
- Check if a String Contains Only Alphabets in Java using ASCII Values
- Check if a String Contains only Alphabets in Java using Regex
- How to check if string contains only digits in Java
- Check if given string contains all the digits
- Find first non-repeating character of given String
- First non-repeating character using one traversal of string | Set 2
- Missing characters to make a string Pangram
- Check if a string is Pangrammatic Lipogram
- Removing punctuations from a given string
- Rearrange characters in a String such that no two adjacent characters are same
- Spring Boot - Start/Stop a Kafka Listener Dynamically
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- Difficulty Level : Easy
- Last Updated : 23 Feb, 2023
The following Java section contains a wide range of Java programs from basic to intermediate level. The examples are categorized as basic, string, array, collections, methods, list, date, and time, files, exception, multithreading, etc. Here, you will find the different approaches to solve a particular problem in Java with proper explanation.
Java Tutorial
Recent Articles on Java
- Basic Programs
- Pattern Printing Programs
- Conversion Programs
- Class and Object Programs
- Method Programs
- Searching Programs
- 1-D Array Programs
- 2-D Array Programs
- String Programs
- List Programs
- Date and Time Programs
- File Programs
- Directory Programs
- Exceptions and Errors Programs
- Collections Programs
- Multithreading Programs
- More Java Programs
1. Basic Programs
- Java Program to Read The Number From Standard Input
- Java Program to Get Input from the User
- Java Program to Multiply Two Floating-Point Numbers
- Java Program to Swap Two Numbers
- Java Program to Add Two Binary Strings
- Java Program to Add Two Complex numbers
- Java Program to Check Even or Odd Integers
- Java Program to Find Largest Among 3 Numbers
- Java Program to Find LCM of 2 numbers
- Java Program to Find GCD or HCF of 2 numbers
- Java Program to Display All Prime Numbers from 1 to N
- Java Program to Check Leap Year
- Java Program to Check Armstrong Number between Two Integers
- Java Program to Check whether the input number is a Neon Number
- Java Program to Check whether input character is vowel or consonant
- Java Program to Find Factorial of a number
- Java Program to Find Even Sum of Fibonacci Series Till number N
- Java Program to Calculate Simple Interest
- Java Program to Calculate Compound Interest
- Java Program to Find the Perimeter of a Rectangle
2. Pattern Programs
- Java Program to Print Right Triangle Star Pattern
- Java Program to Print Left Triangle Star Pattern
- Java Program to Print Pyramid Star Pattern
- Java Program to Print Reverse Pyramid Star Pattern
- Java Program to Print Upper Star Triangle Pattern
- Java Program to Print Mirror Upper Star Triangle Pattern
- Java Program to Print Downward Triangle Star Pattern
- Java Program to Print Mirror Lower Star Triangle Pattern
- Java Program to Print Star Pascal’s Triangle
- Java Program to Print Diamond Star Pattern
- Java Program to Print Square Star Pattern
- Java Program to Print Spiral Pattern of Numbers
3. Conversion Programs
- Java Program For Binary to Octal Conversion
- Java Program For Octal to Decimal Conversion
- Java Program For Decimal to Octal Conversion
- Java Program For Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion
- Java Program For Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion
- Java Program For Decimal to Binary Conversion
- Java Program For Binary to Decimal Conversion
- Java Program For Boolean to String Conversion
- Java Program For String to Double Conversion
- Java Program For Double to String Conversion
- Java Program For String to Long Conversion
- Java Program For Long to String Conversion
- Java Program For Int to Char Conversion
- Java Program For Char to Int Conversion
4. Classes and Object Programs
- Java Program to Create a Class and Object
- Java Program to Create Abstract Class
- Java Program to Create Singleton Class
- Java Program to Create an Interface
- Java Program to Show Encapsulation in Class
- Java Program to Show Inheritance in Class
- Java Program to Show Abstraction in Class
- Java Program to Show Data Hiding in Class
- Java Program to Show Polymorphism in Class
- Java Program to Show Overloading of Methods in Class
- Java Program to Show Overriding of Methods in Classes
- Java Program to Show Use of Super Keyword in Class
- Java Program to Show Use of This Keyword in Class
- Java Program to Show Usage of Static keyword in Class
- Java Program to Show Usage of Access Modifier
5. Java Methods Programs
- Java Program to Show Usage of Main() method
- Java Program to Show Use of Static and Non-static Methods
- Java Program to Show Usage of forEach() Method
- Java Program to Show Usage of toString() Method
- Java Program to Show Usage of codePointAt() Method
- Java Program to Show Usage of compare() Method
- Java Program to Show Usage of equals() Method
- Java Program to Show Usage of hasNext() and next() Method
- start() Method
- run() Method
6. Searching Programs
- Java Program For Linear Search
- Java Program For Binary Search
- Java Program to Recursively Linearly Search an Element in an Array
7. 1-D Array Programs
- Java Program to Search an Element in an Array
- Java Program to Find the Largest Element in an Array
- Java Program to Sort an Array
- Java Program to Sort the Elements of an Array in Descending Order
- Java Program to Sort the Elements of an Array in Ascending Order
- Java Program to Remove Duplicate Elements From an Array
- Java Program to Merge Two Arrays
- Java Program to Check if Two Arrays Are Equal or Not
- Java Program to Remove All Occurrences of an Element in an Array
- Java Program to Find Common Array Elements
- Java Program to Copy All the Elements of One Array to Another Array
- Java Program For Array Rotation
8. 2-D Arrays (Matrix) Programs
- Java Program to Print a 2D Array
- Java Program to Add Two Matrices
- Java Program to Sort the 2D Array Across Columns
- Java Program to Check Whether Two Matrices Are Equal or Not
- Java Program to Find the Transpose
- Java Program to Find the Determinant
- Java Program to Find the Normal and Trace
- Java Program to Print Boundary Elements of a Matrix
- Java Program to Rotate Matrix Elements
- Java Program to Compute the Sum of Diagonals of a Matrix
- Java Program to Interchange Elements of First and Last in a Matrix Across Rows
- Java Program to Interchange Elements of First and Last in a Matrix Across Columns
9. String Programs
- Java Program to Get a Character From the Given String
- Java Program to Replace a Character at a Specific Index
- Java Program to Reverse a String
- Java Program to Reverse a String Using Stacks
- Java Program to Sort a String
- Java Program to Swapping Pair of Characters
- Java Program to Check Whether the Given String is Pangram
- Java Program to Print first letter of each word using regex
- Java Program to Determine the Unicode Code Point at a given index
- Java Program to Remove leading zeros
- Java Program to Compare two strings
- Java Program to Compare two strings lexicographically
- Java Program to Print even length words
- Java Program to Insert a string into another string
- Java Program to Splitting into a number of sub-strings
10. List Programs
- Java Program to Initializing a List
- Java Program to Find a Sublist in a List
- Java Program to Get Minimum and Maximum From a List
- Java Program to Split a list into Two Halves
- Java Program to Remove a Sublist from a List
- Java Program to Remove Duplicates from an Array List
- Java Program to Remove Null from a List container
- Java Program to Sort Array list in an Ascending Order
- Java Program to Get First and Last Elements from an Array List
- Java Program to Convert a List of String to Comma Separated String
- Java Program to Add Element at First and Last Position of a Linked list
- Java Program to Find Common Elements in Two ArrayList
- Java Program to Remove Repeated Element From An ArrayList
11. Date and Time Programs
- Java Program to Format time in AM-PM format
- Java Program to Display Dates of Calendar Year in Different Format
- Java Program to Display current date and time
- Java Program to Display time in different country’s format
- Java Program to Convert the local Time to GMT
12. File Programs
- Java Program to Create a new file
- Java Program to Create a temporary file
- Java Program to Write into a file
- Java Program to Rename a file in java
- Java Program to Make a File Read-Only
- Java Program to Compare Paths of Two files
- Java Program to Copy one file into another file
- Java Program to Print all the Pattern that Matches Given Pattern From a File
- Java Program to Append a String in an Existing File
- Java Program to Read content from one file and writing it into another file
- Java Program to Read and printing all files from a zip file
13. Directory Programs
- Java Program to Traverse in a directory
- Java Program to Get the size of a directory
- Java Program to Delete a directory
- Java Program to Create directories recursively
- Java Program to Search for a file in a directory
- Java Program to Find the current working directory
- Java Program to Display all the directories in a directory
14. Exceptions and Errors Programs
- Java Program to Show Runtime exceptions
- Java Program to Show Types of errors
- Java Program to Handle the Exception Hierarchies
- Java Program to Handle the Exception Methods
- Java program to Handle the Checked exceptions
- Java Program to Handle the Unchecked Exceptions
- Java Program to Handle Divide By Zero and Multiple Exceptions
- Java Program to Show Unreachable Code Error
- Java Program to Show Thread interface and memory consistency errors
15. Collections Programs
- Java Program to Use Different Types of a Collection
- Java Program to Print a Collection
- Java Program to Compare Elements in a Collection
- Java Program to Get the Size of the Collection
- Java Program to Shuffle the Elements of a Collection
- Java Program to Reverse a Collection
- Java Program to Convert Collection into Array
- Java Program to Convert Array into Collection
- Java Program to Replace Elements in a List
- Java Program to Rotate Elements of a List
- Java Program to Iterate through Elements of HashMap
16. Multithreading Programs
- Java Program to Check the Thread Status
- Java Program to Suspend a Thread
- Java Program to Join Threads
- Java Program to Show Daemon Thread
17. More Java Programs
- Java Program to Print Fibonacci Series in Different Ways
- Java Program to Convert Linked list to an Array
- Java Program to Convert Vector to a List
- Java Program to Convert String to a List of Characters
- Java Program to Convert Iterator to a List
- Java Program to Convert List to a Map
- Java Program to Convert List to a Stream
- Java Program to Convert List to Set
- Java Program to Convert InputStream to String
- Java Program to Convert Set of String to Array of String
- Java Program to Convert String to Object
- Java Program to Convert string value to byte value
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10 Java Code Challenges for Beginners

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If you’re starting a career as a Front-End Developer , Full-Stack Developer , or Computer Scientist , then you’ve probably started learning Java . Maybe you’ve started with an online course , which is a great way to build a solid programming foundation. Once you’re familiar with the basics, try putting your Java skills to the test with some practical exercises to build on your knowledge.
One of the best features of Java is its flexibility. You may find that there are multiple ways to solve the same challenge. In fact, if you’re learning Java with a friend, try these challenges together and learn from each other by comparing your results.
If you get stuck, try thinking through the problem using pseudocode or a general description of the programming steps you’d use to solve the problem. Pseudocode is helpful because it lets you work through programming challenges without having to worry about the specific syntax of a programming language (you can worry about that later).
Below are 10 Java code challenges for beginners. The first five challenges are with strings , while the last five challenges involve numerical inputs. Let’s get started!
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10 Java code challenges to practice your new skills
1. word reversal.
For this challenge, the input is a string of words, and the output should be the words in reverse but with the letters in the original order. For example, the string “Dog bites man” should output as “man bites Dog.”
After you’ve solved this challenge, try adding sentence capitalization and punctuation to your code. So, the string “Codecademy is the best!” should output as “Best the is Codecademy!”
2. Find the word
Starting with an input string of words, find the second-to-last word of the string. For example, an input of “I love Codecademy” should return “love.”
To make your program more challenging, allow for a second numerical input, n , that results in returning the n th word of a string. So, for the string “I can program in Java” and n = 3, the output should be the third word, “program.”
3. Word search
For a given input string, return a Boolean TRUE if the string starts with a given input word. So, for an input string of “hello world” and input word “hello,” the program should return TRUE.
For a more advanced word searcher, create a program that returns the number of times a word appears in an input string. For example, given an input word “new” and an input string “I’m the new newt,” the program should return a value of 2.
4. Anagrams
Two words are anagrams if they contain the same letters but in a different order. Here are a few examples of anagram pairs:
- “listen” and “silent”
- “binary” and “brainy”
- “Paris” and “pairs”
For a given input of two strings, return a Boolean TRUE if the two strings are anagrams.
As an added challenge, for a given array of strings, return separate lists that group anagrams together. For example, the input {“tar,” “rat,” “art,” “meats,” “steam”}, the output should look something like {[“tar,” “rat,” “art”], [“meats,” “steam”]}.
5. Pangrams
A pangram is a sentence that contains all 26 letters of the English alphabet. One of the most well-known examples of a pangram is, “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.” Create a pangram checker that returns a Boolean TRUE if an input string is a pangram and FALSE if it isn’t.
For an added pangram challenge, create a perfect pangram checker. A perfect pangram is a sentence that uses each letter of the alphabet only once, such as, “Mr. Jock, TV quiz Ph.D., bags few lynx.”
6. Number reversal
This one is a technical interview favorite. For a given input number, return the number in reverse. So, an input of 3956 should return 6593.
If you’re ready for a bigger challenge, reverse a decimal number. The decimal point should stay in the same place. So, the number 193.56 should output 653.91.
7. Armstrong numbers
An Armstrong number is a whole number that’s equal to the sum of its digits raised to the power of the total number of digits. For example, 153 is an Armstrong number because there are three digits, and 153 = 13 + 53 + 33. The four-digit number 8208 is also an Armstrong number, as 8208 = 84 + 24 + 04 + 84.
Create an Armstrong number checker that returns a Boolean TRUE if the input number is an Armstrong number. Hint: to extract each digit from a given number, try using the remainder/modulo operator.
If you’re looking for something a little more challenging, create an Armstrong number calculator that returns all Armstrong numbers between 0 and the input number.
8. Product maximizer
For a given input array of numbers, find the two that result in the largest product. The output should include the two numbers in the array along with their product.
As an extra challenge, use an input of two arrays of numbers and find two numbers — one from each input array — that results in the largest product.
9. Prime number checker
A prime number is any whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself. For example, 7 is a prime number because it’s only divisible by 1 and 7.
Create a function that returns TRUE if an input number is prime. The first few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19.
For a slightly harder challenge, create a prime number calculator that outputs all prime numbers between 2 and the input number.
10. Prime factorization
The prime factors of a number are all of the integers below that number that are divisible into the number as well as 1. For example, the prime factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6, and 12.
Create a prime factorization calculator that returns the prime factors of any number between 2 and 100. If you’re looking for a more advanced version of this challenge, use exercise 9 to create a prime factorization calculator for any number. Hint: think about using square roots to cut your work in half.
Advancing your career with Java
Along with being a fun, low-stress way to test your knowledge of a programming language, code challenges play an important role in helping you prepare for the interview process . If you’re pursuing a career where knowledge of Java is expected, then you’ll be asked to complete a Java-based coding test, as well as other questions related to Java . And, the best way to prepare for that test is to practice code challenges like these.
To find more opportunities to practice, take a look at our other Java courses , including our popular Java for Programmers course .
Whether you’re looking to break into a new career, build your technical skills, or just code for fun, we’re here to help every step of the way. Check out our blog post about how to choose the best Codecademy plan for you to learn about our structured courses, professional certifications, interview prep resources, career services, and more.
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Use Java API documentation in writing programs. 4. Debug a Java program using the scientific method; 5. Write a Java method to solve a specific problem; 6.
Here you have the opportunity to practice the Java programming language concepts by solving the exercises starting from basic to more
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50+ Java Coding Problems from Programming Job Interviews · 1. For a given array of integers (positive and negative) find the largest sum of a contiguous sequence
Practice Recursion Problems:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f7mjOX4z5APractice Programming Questions with practical examples in java.
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The examples are categorized as basic, string, array, collections, methods, list, date, and time, files, exception, multithreading, etc. Here
Java (Computer program language) 2. Data structures (Computer science). 3. Problem solving--Data processing. I. Title. QA76.73.J38W45 2010. 005.13'3--dc22.
If you get stuck, try thinking through the problem using pseudocode or a general description of the programming steps you'd use to solve the