essay questions for biology

240 Interesting Biology Topics for Essays & Research Papers

Biology is often called the science of life . From bacteria to whales, biologists study all kinds of organisms. Have you ever wondered why bees dance? Or how can chickens be the closest modern relatives to dinosaurs? The buzzing world is full of complex wonders like these. That’s why it’s so easy to find a biology research topic of your liking.

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If you need to craft a biology essay, this article is for you. Here you can learn about research areas and fields in biology. Besides, you will find 220 interesting biology topics to write about. Read on to refresh your knowledge of microbiology, epidemiology, and more.

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🔝 Top 10 Biology Research Topics

📚 areas of research in biology, ⭐ top 10 interesting biology topics for essays, 🍎 biological topics for high school.

🦠 Microbiology Topics
💀 Anatomy & Human Biology
🔬 Cell & Molecular Biology
♻️ Environmental Biology
🐬 Marine Biology
🌻 Plant Biology
🧬 Evolutionary Biology
👶🧑 Developmental Biology
😷 Epidemiology & Population Topics in Biology
📜 History of Biology

🔍 References

Are viruses alive?
How do emotions work?
What is the role of hormones?
Ways to recover endangered species
Are allergies a sign of immune disorder?
What is the function of chromosomes?
Robert Hooke’s contribution to biology
The difference between Darwinism and evolution
The process of bacterial invasion of the body
Ways to strengthen the human immune system

Biologists operate on a vast scale. Naturally, there are plenty of research areas. Let’s sort them out:

Microbiology. Microbiologists examine minute organisms. Many of them, such as viruses, can cause infectious diseases. Because of this, microbiology is strongly linked with immunology.
Anatomy. Anatomical research focuses on the structure of tissues and organs.
Cell and molecular biology. Cells are the basis for every living being. The key topic in this area is the molecular organization of cells.
Environmental biology. Our environment needs support, and environmental biologists provide it. They study ecosystems to find out how humans affect nature. Scientists in this area also observe how organisms react to their surroundings.
Marine biology. This branch is concerned with life in the deep seas. Oceanography is a crucial part of marine biology.

Botany. This study is also called plant biology. It studies the properties of organisms that need sun and water to survive. Common categories of plants include trees, shrubs, and flowers.
Evolutionary biology. All that lives is always evolving. Organisms create, merge, and delete genes. Evolutionary biologists monitor these changes.
Developmental biology. Research in this area includes studying tissue regeneration and cell growth.
Epidemiology. Epidemiologists investigate diseases and health conditions. Key questions include: Where does a disease originate from? How does it transmit? What risks are there?

With this overview in mind, you’re ready to choose an interesting biological topic.

4 types of biotechnology
Main branches of biochemistry
Pros and cons of gene therapy
Exobiology vs. astrobiology
Biological functions of the DNA
Levels of biological organization
Properties of the phylogenetic tree
Classification of invertebrate animals
History of modern light microscopes
The early modern period of plant systematics

From peas to platypuses: high school biology covers a wide range of topics. In your biology essay, you’ll have the chance to familiarize yourself with any of them. Your options are almost endless! Consult our list of 20 popular ideas to get your research started:

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Compare the types of cell reproduction.
How did Gregor Mendel discover heredity?
Cell structure: prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes .
Enzymes : what do we need them for?
Explain how photosynthesis converts CO2 into O2.
How does the human metabolism work?
What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
How do you predict the probability of inheriting a gene?
Describe the structure of DNA.
What is PCR used for?
Biotechnology: the mechanisms behind cloning .
Survival of the fittest: what does natural selection mean?
Discuss the latest evidence for Darwin’s theory of evolution.
The tree of life: how does this concept depict the relationships between species?
What kind of strategies do organisms use to get nutrition?
Dinosaurs and their modern relatives: what do we know about them?
How does our nervous system transport information?
Explain the mechanisms behind the carbon cycle.
Examine the human impact on biodiversity .
What factors regulate population dynamics ?

🦠 Microbiology Research Topics for Students

The world of microbiology consists of tiny organisms. Researchers study microbes and other simple life forms such as bacteria and fungi. This way, they aim to solve environmental as well as medical issues.

How do microbes develop resistance?
Give an overview of our immune system’s defense mechanisms.
Contrast the types of microbiomes .
What are the industrial applications for microbiology ?
How do you degrade soil pollutants using microbes?
Investigate examples of agents that kill bacteria.
What makes yeast versatile?
The differences between virions and viroids.
What are acellular agents?
Give an overview of the biochemical properties of fungi .
What are possible causes for asthma ?
The relationship between stress and our immune system’s performance.
How do vaccines work?
Examine the structure of archaeal genes.
Why is microbial diversity important?

How do microbes contribute to an ecosystem?
The role of microbes in food contamination.
How do bacteria turn milk into yogurt?
Applications of microbial biotechnology.
Describe the four groups of protozoa.

💀 Anatomy & Human Biology Topics

Human biology studies people as single organisms and in the context of populations. Two of its essential parts are anatomy and anthropology. The latter studies the evolution of humankind. The former is more concerned with body structure. Combine all three subjects to gain a 360° view of humanity!

Describe the functions of the respiratory system.
What happens to your body if you’re anemic ?
Outline the history of the human population.
How does medical anthropology help us understand health?
Reading bones: what types of information can osteologists gather?
Biomechanics: what makes humans move?
Compare the proposed effects of various current trends in nutrition .
Explore the psychological factors that influence one’s health.
How does your brain control your behavior?
Synapses: structure and mechanisms.
Explain how kidneys filter blood.
What regulates muscle contraction ?
Discuss the new reproductive technologies from an anthropological perspective.
Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle fiber.
The cerebral cortex: what does it do?
Brain, hormones, and emotions.
Functions of the sodium-potassium pump.
Examine what blood consists of.
What happens when your heart skips a beat?
Is the growth in the human population out of control?

🔬 Cell & Molecular Biology Research Topics

Your body’s fundamental structure is made up of cells. Their properties are in the center of interest for cell biologists. They investigate a cell’s life cycle and its vital functions. On a molecular level, this includes the role of chemical processes in cell activity.

How does cancer affect the body’s cell growth?
The protein paradox: what is the right amount of protein?
How do cells heal bones?
The ethics of stem cell research .
Investigate the communication methods between cells.
Explore the link between the environment and our DNA.
Current trends in molecular biochemistry.
Telomerase: will it ever be possible to reverse aging processes?
What do we know about axon guidance?
Where does our brain keep the memories?
Why do cells become sticky?
High-resolution microscopy: ways to advance molecular research.
How do cilia move cells?

Treating glaucoma : is surgery always necessary?
The role of microtubules in the nervous system.
Diffusion : means of transport within cells.
What does the central dogma of molecular biology state?
Trace the steps of DNA translation.
Why do cells need to eat their dead counterparts?
How does protein biosynthesis work?

♻️ Environmental Biology Topics to Research

Environmental biologists ensure our harmonic coexistence with nature. They are also in charge of monitoring wastewater disposal and pollution levels. This branch is closely related to ecology.

Discuss the importance of light in different bodies of water.
Aftermath of building the Hetch Hetchy valley dam.
The devastating impact of deforestation in the Amazon.
Analyze the consequences of desertification.
How do genetically modified insects influence the environment?
What would happen if all the bees die?
Compare several methods of wastewater disposal.
What were the ecological effects of Indonesia’s Mega Rice Project?
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch: will we ever get rid of it?
How do worms indicate the state of an ecosystem?
Why is it important to conserve biodiversity?
DDT: how did it affect wildlife in the US?
What causes toxic algae bloom?
Compare the adverse health effects of common contaminants in the air.
The Aral Sea: how did it disappear?
How do genetically engineered crops impact the environment?
Indoor air pollution: causes and risks.
The pros and cons of using natural gas .
Trace the ecological footprint of cotton production.
What are the ways to ensure food security without harming the environment?

🐬 Marine Biology Topics for a Paper

Fun fact: the vast majority of our oceans are still unobserved. Research in marine biology encompasses all organisms living close to or under water. Do you want to participate in uncovering the mysteries of the deep sea? This section is for you!

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How does luminescence in marine vertebrae work?
Dolphins: how do they communicate?
The impact of military sonar on whales.
What makes the Galapagos Islands so unique?
Compare different camouflage techniques of marine animals.
How do aquatic organisms live together in coral reefs ?
Causes of high mercury concentrations in fish.
Investigate the impact of overfishing in China.
Explain how rising sea temperatures affect marine life.
Contrast the survival strategies of various penguin species.
The ethics of seafood farms.
Examine bacteria’s contribution to biological processes in the sea.
What are the types of invasive species?
The contribution of birds to a stable marine ecosystem.
Identify the biggest threats to marine biodiversity.
Inspect the predatory behavior of starfish.
How do corals form?
The importance of phyto- and zooplankton to ponds.
Whales: how did they evolve?
What are the four types of oceanography ?

🌻 Plant Biology Research Topics

Plant biology, you guessed it, investigates plants. These green organisms are incredibly versatile. From redwood trees to algae, plants come in all sizes and shapes. Scientists use botanical knowledge to improve our food and medicine supplies. They also help to conserve forests, parks, and wilderness areas.

What causes diseases in plants?
What are the benefits of studying algae ?
Recently, scientists engineered a plant to glow by itself. How does it work?
What makes some plants toxic?

Compare various defense mechanisms of flowers.
Deciduous trees: what are the advantages of leaf loss?
How do Butterworts acquire nutrition?
Carnivorous plants: methods of luring prey.
Types of negative feedback in plants.
Give examples of thigmotropism. How does it work?
What problems are associated with the definition of kingdoms?
Investigate the anatomical structure of plant roots.
Phytohormones: how do they influence plant growth?
Plants and music: does sound have any measurable effects on plant development?
How do plants produce starch?
Why do weeds grow excessively?
Investigate plant disease management and intervention.
Industrial applications of synthesized plant mechanisms.
Cacti: how do they survive in the desert?
Examine the biological properties of medicinal herbs.

🧬 Hot Topics in Evolutionary Biology to Write About

Evolutionary biologists observe change in all living organisms. If you want to know why life on Earth is so versatile, evolutionary biology has the answer. Research areas cover ecology and genetics, as well as paleontology.

How does stabilizing selection ensure the same phenotype for a species during evolution?
Discuss Tinbergen’s four questions.
What are the benefits of sexual reproduction ?
Cancer: why does it persist?
Society and evolution: are they connected?
Southeast Asia and the limited occurrence of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene.
Is there a scientific reason to divide humans into races?
Track the evolution of aging throughout human history.
How does speciation work?
Genetic drift and its effects on variation.
Describe problems concerning the Modern Synthesis.
Selective sweeps: how likely are they to cause disease?
What does the Red Queen hypothesis state?
How do you determine age in herbaceous plants?
Life history theory: how does a species’ life history influence its evolution?
What are the ways for a species to achieve its maximum fitness?
How did the bees learn to communicate information by dancing?
Investigate the evolution of stamina in animal locomotion.
How does an animal’s physiology adapt to its geographic range?
Compare the evolutionary process of endotherms and ectotherms.

👶🧑 Developmental Biology Research Topics

When animals and plants grow, their features change. It’s no surprise: every living being starts as a single cell. It’s a long way from there to a fully formed organism! Developmental biologists track this process at different levels.

Why are men more likely to be colorblind than women?
What is phylogenetic niche conservatism?
Identify origins of congenital disorders.
What causes birds to become territorial?
Explain the two types of developmental mechanisms.
Why does getting older make humans more susceptible to cancer?
Homeotic genes: how do they influence the development of body structures?
Describe the advantages of apoptosis .
What causes polycephaly?
How do stem cells differentiate?
Investigate regeneration in hydra.
Mechanisms of metamorphosis in frogs.
What happened during the Cambrian explosion?
How do plants produce new structures?
Examine the process of neurulation in fish.
What are the types of deformations found in plants?
Describe the ABC model of flower development.
Why are zebrafish good model systems for developmental studies?
Search for the origins of the vertebrate body plan.
What does the concept of morphogen gradient say about the fate of cells?

😷 Epidemiology & Population Topics in Biology

Investigating health-related events is a part of epidemiologic research. The goal is to find out what causes diseases in a specific population. Epidemiology analyzes other health issues such as natural disasters and injuries. Population biology focuses on the interaction between populations and their environment.

How does evolutionary game theory describe the development of a population?
When is a strategy evolutionarily stable?
How does phenotypic variety in plants help manage disease?
What diseases are caused by heavy metal pollution?

How did the Coronavirus pandemic contribute to a rise in cases of domestic violence ?
Reasons for an increased rate of congenital disabilities in a specific area.
Asian carp: a harmful disruption of the marine population in American rivers.
Compare the three kinds of population distribution.
Examine the consequences of the 1783 Laki eruption.
Examine various policies to moderate population growth .
How do predator-prey dynamics work?
Avoidance mechanisms of resource competition.
Describe the three types of symbiotic relationships .
How does a species regulate its abundance?
What happens if the equilibrium state of a community is disturbed?
Factors that encourage human population growth.
Contrast the survivorship curves of humans, birds, and trees.
Obesity : causes and solutions.
Depression : how does it affect society?
The role of causal inference in epidemiological studies .

📜 History of Biology Topics to Write About

Even before the emergence of scientific studies, humans had basic biological understanding. They were able to spot edible plants and domesticate animals. Assyrians and Babylonians were the first to implement biological knowledge. If you’re looking for a theoretical research project, this is the right research area for you.

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Explore the medical knowledge available in ancient China.
The history of agriculture in India.
How did the Greek philosophers theorize about the origin of life?
Investigate the theory of the four humors.
Aristotle’s classification of animals.
Give an overview of discoveries in Galen’s medical writings.
What caused the stagnation in scientific progress during the Middle Ages?
Al-Jahiz’ discovery of the relationships between organisms .
Albertus Magnus: what was his contribution to botany?
How did Italy become the center for biological studies?
What factors impacted the development of biology during the Renaissance?
Trace the origins of modern anatomy.
What led to the establishment of the cell theory?
Jump starting biological progress: the invention of the microscope.
Louis Pasteur and the dismissal of spontaneous generation.
How did the discovery of heredity influence modern biology?
What led to the discovery of blood circulation?
How did the Royal Society of London impact scientific development in Europe?
What technology helped advance biological research in the 20th century?
The rise of bioinformatics: boosting progress in genetic data analysis.

We hope our article gave you some useful ideas for your biology paper. Good luck with your assignment!

97 Biology Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on biology, ✍️ biology essay topics for college, 👍 good biology research topics & essay examples, 📌 easy biology essay topics, 🎓 most interesting biology research titles.

How Do People Use Biology in Their Everyday Life?
Fiji Water Quality: Biology Lab Experiment
My Journey in Biology
Crime Explanation Using Biology and Psychology
Relations Between Biology and Culture
Biology as the Branch of Science
Designing Oligonucleotide Primers in Biology
Biology and Culture of Gender Color Stereotypes This paper attempts to answer this question and determine whether the indicated color genders are biologically based or culturally embedded.
Human Biology and Culture Connection The paper states that it is anthroposociogenesis that explains the dichotomy between biology and culture and the connection with human evolution.
Biology: Aspects of Fruits The paper discusses fruits. A fruit is the fleshy and sweet part of a tree or any flowering plant that contains seeds. Some fruits are poisonous while some are edible.
Biology and Social Influence Genetics plays an indispensable role in facilitating inherent-acquired behaviors, while others claim the environment contributes to shaping an individual’s personality.
Homologous and Analogous Structures in Biology Homologous structures are found in organisms with a shared origin, while analogous structures have the same function but in organisms that do not share a common ancestor.
Environmental Biology: Green Energy a precise definition of green energy is manifested in its source, which must be natural, such as the sun or geothermal sources.
Concepts of Biology: HIV and AIDS The primary purpose of the paper is to examine the symptoms and the effects that HIV and AIDS have on a human being.
The Egg White Denaturation as a Concept of Biology Denaturation is the process of breaking down the secondary and tertiary structures of a protein by external factors such as temperature.
Marine Biology: Description and the Key Features Marine Biology is an open area of the coast line that is exposed to ocean currents and tides. This is a backwater area with occasional flooding of sea water.
Cell Biology: Cell Sizes, Types, and Theories The Cell Theory propounds that all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life and all cells descend from older cells.
Biology: Comparison and Contrast of Cats and Dogs It is important to discuss the eating habits of cats and dogs. In particular, one should mention that they are mammals, and they are fed with milk during childhood.
Psychobiology: Biology of Behavior This report researches to what extent psychological and physiological factors influence a person’s character, reactions, and behavior using findings of psychobiology.
Organismal Biology: Succession and Its Characteristics Succession is an ecological phenomenon during which a successive change of biological communities occurs in a particular territorial area over time.
Atoms and Molecules as Concepts in Biology Atoms are the fundamental building block of chemical elements and the smallest unit into which matter can be divided.
Molecular Biology and Its Central Dogma The central dogma of molecular biology is a principle describing the transfer of molecular information in the Nucleus of the DNA.
Herbert Spencer – Scientists of Biology Herbert Spencer is one of the outstanding scientists belonging to the sphere of biology, sociology, and anthropology.
An Aspect of Evolutionary Biology as Phylogenetic Analysis The paper explores an aspect of evolutionary biology as phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis is a tool in the hands of biologists.
Human Biology – Scientific Method In the study of biology, knowledge of proteins is very important as it enables a person to make informed decisions while choosing a balanced diet.
Human Biology: Genes and Genes Mutations Mutations in certain regions of DNA can cause pathological metabolic abnormalities or hereditary features realized through dysfunctional disorders.
Human Biology Review Essay of Our Body, Every Cells The collection of like cells that have an identical origin that carries out a definite function together is what I am.
Is PCR the Most Important Invention in Molecular Biology to Date? This essay provides different reasons that have made the PCR technique a significant invention in molecular biology to date.
Role of Human Biology in Contemporary Criminal Justice Focus of analysis of the paper will be on theories developed to explain criminology with a special emphasis on Biological positivism theory
Cancer Biology: Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes This paper seeks to interpret the role oncogenes and tumor suppressors play in transformation during cancer formation.
Biology Food Chain The body coordination in an organism are carried out in the central nervous system that depends entirely on the neurons conducted from the receptor sites to the effectors’ sites in the body.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Are Fundamental to the Life Sciences Some molecules are often recognized as building blocks for cell formation, implying that they are fundamental to the physiology of humans.
“Genbank” Impact on Modern Molecular Biology Research GenBank is the fundamental element of Molecular biology. It is the sequence formed and stored in the database of the entire genome of life.
Conservation Biology and Preservation of the Biodiversity The Theory of Island Biogeography is the most significant contribution toward the scientific understanding of both the process and how to measure the rate of species extinction.
Biology Lab: Why Ice Floats Ice is usually considered to be a mineral that consists of hydrogen oxide; when ice is frozen at a constant pressure of 1 atmosphere, the resultant effect.
Biology: The Definition of the Genotype The paper discusses the genotype. It is composed of a pair of alleles and it is what is manifested as the phenotype or observable characteristics of an organism.
Mirror-Image Biology to Enhanced Therapeutic Proteins The concepts described in “From Mirror-Image Biology to Enhanced Therapeutic Proteins” exemplify the potential of cell chemical biology generally and mirror-image forms.
Biology: Application of the Holobiont in Humans When it comes to the formation of a unique environmental unit, a holobiont can link an individual host to a variety of interactive microorganisms and microbiota.
Biology. Glial Cells and Their Subtypes Due to the distinctive features of some glial cells, they are divided into different subtypes, including ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, and microglia cells.
Biology and Happiness Relationship Human beings engage in numerous activities, establish appropriate relationships, and formulate decisions that can eventually make them happy.
Biology Postgraduate Education and Its Advantages If you want to become a biologist in the future or just want to evaluate the pros of this occupation, this article may become more than useful for you.
Biology: Mechanical Signals Regulating Development The paper will highlight several control effects of mechanical forces on various cell activities, including early embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis, and organ formation.
Cultural Variations in Environment and Biology: AIDS The research studies the prevalence of AIDS among ethnic groups in the United States and suggests patient education interventions, which can be performed by nurses.
Cancer Risk Factors: Biology Concepts The development of cancer cells is associated with the halting of the process of cell generation and decay that may be considered one of the basic aspects of the physical health.
Transcription and Translation in Molecular Biology The Central Dogma describes the basic principles of genetic information transfer: transcription and translation. The paper distinguishes these two processes.
Substance Abuse: Environmental Influences and Biology Substance abuse is not a new problem the human society faces. This paper examines different ways biological and environment influences interact and affect drug taking behavior.
Happiness in Biology, Culture, Experience It isn’t easy to understand what happiness is. However, it is still possible to identify some factors that are likely to affect the degree of happiness.
Bringing Culture Into Human Biology and Biology Back Into Anthropology
The Relationship Between Evolutionary Biology and Religion
Cell Biology of Stem Cells: An Enigma of Asymmetry and Self-Renewal
An Intricate Relationship Between Biology and Art
Computing Has Changed Biology: How Biology Education Can Catch Up
Common Ground Between Anthropology and Conservation Biology
The Evolution of Molecular Biology Into Systems Biology
Scientific and Public Functions of Models in the 19th-Century Biology
Biology and Ethics: The Paradoxes of the Natural
Use, Overuse, and Misuse of Significance Tests in Evolutionary Biology
The Autonomy of Biology: The Position of Biology Among the Sciences
Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter’s Contributions to Biology
Chemical Bridge Between Ecosystem Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
The Ethics of Biological Studies With Living Organisms
Biological Function and Teleology: Implications for Biology Education
Adaptationism and the Challenge From Developmental Biology
Quality Assured Science: Managerialism in Forensic Biology
Essence and Natural Kinds in Aristotle’s Biology: Was It Sexist?
The Biological Weapons Convention: Securing Biology in the 21st Century
Molecular Biology Techniques Used in Wastewater Treatment
The Biology of Stupidity: Genetics, Eugenics, and Mental Deficiency
Existentialism and Feminism: The Rhetoric of Biology in the Second Sex
Kant, Blumenbach, and Vital Materialism in German Biology
How the Mind Grows: A Developmental Perspective on the Biology of Cognition
Biology and Society in the Age of Enlightenment
Negotiating the Place of Molecular Evolution Within Evolutionary Biology
Global Change: Increasing the Success of Biological Invaders?
On the Relations Between History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences and Biology
Civic Biology: The Origin of the School Anti-Evolution Movement
Reductionism in Biology: Prospects and Problems
Factors Shaping Ernst Mayr’s Concepts in the History of Biology
Building Simulations: Modeling and Theory in Systems Biology
The Role of Information Technology in Biology Education
What Difference Does Quantity Make: On the Epistemology of Big Data in Biology
Causality, Teleology, and Thought Experiments in Biology
Applying the Principles of Stem-Cell Biology to Cancer
The Moral Impact of Synthesizing Living Organisms: Biocentric Views on Synthetic Biology
Applying Evolutionary Biology to Address Global Challenges
Water as an Active Constituent in Cell Biology
The Importance of Feminist Critique for Contemporary Cell Biology
Marine Molecular Biology as an Emerging Field of Biological Sciences
Trends, Priorities, and Needs in Systematic and Evolutionary Biology
Development of Biology in Aristotle and Theophrastus: Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Why Values Are a Good Thing in Conservation Biology
Biology and Equality: A Perspective on Sex Differences
Recent Advances of Deep Learning in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Bioimage Informatics: A New Area of Engineering Biology
Reflecting on the History of Biology as a Field
Molecular Biology vs. Organicism: An Enduring Dispute Between Mechanism and Vitalism
The Role of Reductionism in the Development of Molecular Biology

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These essay examples and topics on Biology were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on December 27, 2023 .

160 Biology Essay Topics

For most science courses, assignments are generally lab-based and rarely require much writing. However, all of that changes in biology courses when detailed essays must be written to highlight a student’s understanding of the subject. These essays are highly technical, with specific comments required to meet the factual nature of the subject.

In addition to meeting the factual requirements needed to complete the assignment, biology essays must also be written in a writing style that is informative and authoritative rather than subjective and personal.

These detailed specifics of writing a biology essay can make completing the writing difficult from the very beginning. Fortunately, we’ve created this guide to help students learn how to write a biology essay. In addition, we’ve also included 160 biology essay topics to help inspire the creative writing process.

How to Write a Biology Essay?

Writing a biology essay starts with choosing a topic. If your teacher has not already assigned a specific topic, then students must choose one that is broad enough to find credible resources and specific enough that the research won’t overtake the writing process.

To select a suitable topic for a biology essay, consider the type of biology class you are taking, the current and previous chapters studied, and the overall context of the course. These factors will help you select a topic that is likely to be relevant to your teacher’s needs and to the passing of your course.

Once students have selected a suitable topic, it’s time to research credible resources that will support the subject. To do this successfully, students need to consider the following:

What information is already known about this topic?
What topics are related or similar to this topic?
Who are credible authors that can explain this topic?
What additional sources will provide me with the information needed to complete this assignment successfully?

For example, if you want to write a biology essay on protein synthesis and its regulation at the transcriptional level, research material would include books, articles, and other written works published by credible authors or publishers. While important, this material isn’t the only type of research that should be completed.

Students may also consider consulting medical and biology dictionaries, textbooks, online research databases such as PubMed or Medline, and professional organizations for biologists to find additional sources. Once the research has been completed, it’s time to create the first draft of the biology essay.

Biology Essay Introduction

Starting an essay is always the same. Students should open with a catchy hook statement that introduces an interesting fact, presents a unique perspective, or raises a thought-provoking question.

Once that sentence has been created, students can use the middle part of the introduction to introduce fundamental concepts and provide background details about the topic.

Once that information has been laid out, and the reader knows the necessary details to make the reading interesting and worthwhile, students should move into the final portion of the introduction that answers the question: WHY is this essay important? This question is answered in the form of a thesis statement that details the essay’s overall purpose.

Biology Essay Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs of your essay will contain the bulk of your research. Be sure that each body paragraph meets the following requirements:

One clear idea represented per paragraph or section
Examples that back up the point of the paragraph
A clear and logical flow between paragraphs with transition words

Make sure that the body paragraphs only contain information pertinent to the subject or topic. Avoid fluff or filler words and phrases that don’t add any substance or value to the writing.

The number of paragraphs in the body may vary depending on the assignment parameters and the essay style. For example, an essay with a 1000 word limit won’t have as many body paragraphs as an essay with a high word count.

Additionally, a compare and contrast essay that examines the similarities and differences between two or more biology concepts may have more body paragraphs than an argumentative essay.

Biology Essay Conclusion

The final section of a biology essay is the conclusion. In this section, students need to summarize the major points of the essay and the overall purpose for writing it. The thesis should also be re-stated to recap what has been learned from the writing.

In addition to these sentences, students should include a final remark about their research and findings. This might be a thought that ties into the intro or another interesting angle that presents a new way of looking at your topic.

Once the conclusion is completed, students should edit and review their work. Make sure that the essay is free of grammar and spelling mistakes before submitting it for grading.

When it comes to choosing a biology essay topic, it is not always as easy as it seems. For students looking for help with writing a biology essay, we have compiled a list of 160 biology essay topics that will hopefully give you some great ideas.

Biology Essay Topics About Animals

What is the importance of bats in our ecosystem?
What is the difference between a domesticated cat and a wildcat?
How do animals adapt to their environments?
What are the various types of symbiotic relationships found in nature?
Which animals have been known to show altruism towards other species?
What impact does human activity have on animal behavior?
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of zoos?
How do animal brains work?
What is an animal’s anatomical structure like?
What are some symbiotic relationships between humans and animals?
What is the difference between herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and insectivores?
Why are having pets important to humans?
What are the positive and negative impacts of commercial farming on animals?
Do you think it is acceptable to keep pets in zoos? Why or why not?
What are some common misconceptions about cats, dogs, rodents, cows, sheep, horses, reptiles/fish/insects?
How do animal bones support their body structure?
What are the effects of humans on the natural habitats of animals?
What are some ways in which animal anatomy is similar to human biology?
What are some symbiotic relationships found in the animal kingdom?
Can humans and animals communicate with each other?
How do different types of animal cells function differently than human cells?
Why do some animals see better in the dark?
Explain the circulatory system of cold-blooded animals and how it differs from that of warm-blooded animals.
What are some examples of mimicry in nature?

Biology Essay Topics About Cellular Biology

How does cell theory apply to cellular biology?
What is mitosis, and where does it take place?
What are the different parts of a cell?
What is a nucleolus?
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
How do viruses affect our cells?
How does photosynthesis work?
Why is it important to study cellular biology as a foundation for other disciplines of biology?
What are the functions of organelles in cells?
What is anabolism and catabolism?
How do plants use photosynthesis to produce sugar while animals break down food for energy?
Describe the process of homeostasis and explain how the human body maintains its internal environment.
What are the important parts of a cell?
How do cells reproduce?
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
What is the importance of cellular research to humans?
Explain mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles in plant cells.
What are some of the problems with using stem cells in medical research?
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?
How do humans reproduce sexually?
Why is it different to clone plants than animals?
What are some important functions of membranes in cells?
What is the significance of mass spectrometry to molecular biology and genetics?
How do viruses reproduce?
What are mitochondria responsible for in eukaryotic cells?
What is the difference between a plasmid and a virus?
Do you think cloning animals should be allowed? Why or why not?
What is a cell cycle?
How do diseases affect the structure and function of cells?
What are some ethical issues with genetic engineering?
What is cell division, and how does it work?
Where does meiosis occur in the body, and what does it accomplish?
Explain the structure and function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.
What is a cell membrane made up of, and what are its important structural components?
How do antibiotics affect bacterial cells?
Do you think cloning humans should be allowed? Why or why not?
What makes up the cytoskeleton?
How are molecular structures related to the functions of cells?
What are some examples of biomolecules necessary for cell function and survival?
What types of molecules make up an organism’s genome?

Biology Essay Topics About the Ecosystem

What does the term food web mean?
Why is it important to study population dynamics in an ecosystem?
How do humans affect other species and their environments?
How can we prevent and control invasive species, and why are they so dangerous?
What effects does pollution have on animals and their habitats?
How do global warming and climate change affect the ecosystem?
What are the different types of animals found in ecosystems?
What happens to an ecosystem when one species becomes extinct?
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem?
How do humans feed off other species to survive?
Describe how the r-selected life strategy works.
What are some examples of symbiosis found in nature?
How does biodiversity affect the structure, function, and survival of ecosystems?
How does the stability of an ecosystem depend on biodiversity?
What are trophic levels, and how do they function to maintain the structure of ecosystems?
Why are invasive species dangerous?
How do global climate changes and human activities affect the biodiversity of ecosystems?
What types of organisms thrive in wetlands?
How do humans benefit from studying ecosystems?
What ecosystems are best suited to rapid climate change?

Biology Essay Topics About Evolution

Is evolution strictly a scientific theory, or is it also valid spiritually?
Why is research about the evolution of life important to our understanding of the past?
What are some examples of convergent evolution?
How does natural selection contribute to evolution?
Why is it important for people to understand evolution and its role in biology?
What are some benefits that humans enjoy thanks to evolution?
How do mass extinctions impact the evolution of different species?
How does a mutation affect a population’s gene pool and diversity?
Explain the core principles of Darwin’s theory of evolution.
How does an organism’s ability to respond to environmental changes contribute to its rate of evolution?
What is polyphyletic evolution?
What are some examples of vestigial traits in humans and other species?
How do eco-evolutionary dynamics play a role in evolution?
Do you think that past mass extinction events had an impact on evolution? Why or why not?
What are some benefits humans enjoy thanks to evolution by natural selection?
How could modern-day diets affect the evolutionary growth of humans?
What animals have had evolutionary changes based on threats to their diets?
What evolutionary response makes for the best camouflage?
What types of traits can be used to differentiate between closely related species?
What are the main factors that prevent a population from evolving?
How is artificial selection different from natural selection?
Why do scientists still debate about evolutionary theory despite overwhelming evidence supporting it?
What are some examples of convergent evolution in nature, and how do they function as an adaptation?
Why is research about the evolution of life important to understanding the past?

Biology Essay Topics About Genetics

What is genetic drift, and how can it lead to changes in a population over time?
How do the different parts of DNA interact with each other?
How are dominant and recessive traits identified?
What are some examples of genetic disorders?
What causes Down syndrome, and how is it diagnosed in children?
How does natural selection act on mutations to create variation in a population?
Can scientists use DNA testing to learn about our ancestors’ migratory patterns and where they lived?
How can animal migration help us to better understand genetics?
Define molecular genetics and explain how it relates to classical and Mendelian genetics.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and why is it important in population genetics?
Do you believe that scientists should clone human beings? Why or why not?
Why are dominant traits sometimes called masking genes?
Why is genetic diversity important for long-term species survival?
How are epigenetic changes related to evolution?
What is the difference between gene expression and gene activity with regards to genetics?
How do developmental genes affect the appearance of an organism throughout its life cycle?
How have animal and plant breeders used genetic engineering to produce certain types of hybrids?
What are the ethical implications of human cloning?
What are the latest technologies in genetic engineering?
What new technologies are needed to make human cloning a reality?
How are living organisms adapting to the presence of plastics in our environment?
Why are some individuals resistant to certain genetically programmed diseases?
What are three common misconceptions about genetic engineering?
What is transgenic technology, and how can it be used for disease prevention or treatment?
How do microorganisms impact human health and the environment?
What are some examples of a genetically modified organism?
How does natural selection impact microorganisms?
What is DNA profiling, and how can it help to solve crimes or return missing persons to their families?
Why do scientists need more research surrounding epigenetics before drawing conclusions on its effects on evolution?

Biology Essay Topics About the Human Body

What is the purpose of skeletal and respiratory systems?
How do hormones affect our body on a daily basis?
How does the endocrine system work as part of an overall regulatory system in the human body?
What are some different types of cells found in the human body?
What are the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands?
What are stem cells, and why are they important to biological research?
How do muscles work together to create movement in our bodies?
How do bones help us to maintain balance while walking, standing up straight, and running?
What are some ways that human behavior can impact our bodies?
How do foods with high sugar content affect the digestive system?
What organs are no longer necessary in the human body, and why?
What blood types offer better protection from the elements?
What are mosquitoes attracted to some humans and not to others?
What pheromones do humans give off?
What are the different types of blood cells?
How does healthy eating help to maintain digestive health?
Why do some people get migraines that others don’t seem to be bothered by?
What is the pH level of human blood, and how can it be carefully regulated?
How does altitude affect respiration in humans?
What is the most complicated system in the human body?
Explain the biological purposes of “Fight or Flight.”
What role does the immune system play in human health?
What is the difference between human anatomy and physiology?

Choosing any of these 160 biology essay topics will help students craft an informative and authoritative essay that is sure to earn them a passing grade.

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Biology Essay Topics

100 best biology essay topics in 2023.

Sciences arise neither by themselves nor because someone invents them simply “out of interest.” Any science appears as a result of the need for humanity to solve certain problems that have arisen in the process of its development. Biology is not an exception, it also arose in connection with the solution of very important problems for people. The main tasks of modern biology are the study of the relationship between man and the environment, the diversity of living organisms and their interaction with each other, the study of the possibilities of prolonging human life, and the cure of various serious diseases. The list is endless.

That is why your biology essay is a great chance to figure out something curious about your environment or even yourself and gain a better understanding of the world. No wonder the choice of the topic may perplex you. That’s why we are here – after reading some hints on how to select the best biology essay topic and looking through various examples you will find the suitable one.

Tips on How to Select the Best Biology Essay Topic?

To begin with, biology is a complicated discipline and there surely are numerous aspects of it you are not aware of well. It is for this reason that you should pick a topic keeping your basic knowledge in mind. You can be interested in whatever you are but preparation for some topics may take an enormous amount of time and effort.

Next, while searching for a scope of specialization, remember that biology is ubiquitous. Just look around and you will find ready-made topics! You can write about the evolution of your pet species, the structure of your home plant, the process of fertilizing soil if you’re into gardening, or examine which processes were taking place in your body during last year’s flu. Use your imagination!

After all, if you still feel frustrated about what to write, your instructor can help you. It is a great idea to consult with your biology teacher because he is able to consider every aspect of your assignment – requirements, given time, your understanding of the subject, and most importantly, he knows how a successful topic should be composed. Such guidance will inspire you.

Who Curates Our List of Biology Essay Topics?

Our biology essay topics are curated by professionals who have extensive experience in writing different types of works. They are thoroughly selected and sorted to ease your topic decision. Above that, they are all checked for the availability of the materials on every question. Feel free to pick any topic you like!

20 Key Biology Essay Questions in 2023

What are the key properties of life?
What is a cell theory ?
What are the domains and kingdoms of life?
How is hereditary information transmitted to future generations?
What is natural selection?
Why is water necessary for life?
How is a cell structured?
What is metabolism?
How does photosynthesis work?
Mitosis and meiosis: how do cells divide?
What is DNA?
What is genetic drift?
Why do biologists use phylogenetic trees?
What is bacteria?
What are archaea?
How do fungi function?
How do substances cycle in nature?
What is the main breakthrough in biology in the XXI century?
What is the structure of connective tissue?
The experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur

20 Controversial Biology Essay Topics

How did life on Earth emerge?
Can plants feel pain?
Do animals have consciousness?
Biological breakthroughs are impossible without animal testing
What regulates gene expression?
Who are the modern relatives of dinosaurs?
What is the last universal common ancestor (LUKA)?
Where did eukaryotes originate from?
Are viruses alive ?
Development and manufacture of transgenic products
Basic theories of human origins
The process of cloning
Why hasn’t the secret of brain functioning been discovered yet?
What is the paradox of the plankton?
Opposing concepts in cell theory
A fetus can’t feel pain
The status of nanobacterium
How does vaccination work?
Why is it legal to harvest embryonic stem cells?
Genetic testing and ethical issues

20 Good Biology Essay Topics

The earliest roots of biology
The development of biology with the improvement of the microscope
Sugar in the process of cell respiration
Cell communication
What are the main laws of inheritance?
Biological features of animal migration
Characterization of DNA biosynthesis
Biogeocenosis as an important biological process
Features of the practical application of algae
Genetic engineering and its main issues
Types of races: specifics of their origin
Enzymes: functions and determination of their activity
The evolutionary process of a flower
Invertebrate symmetry
Parasites: general characteristics, significance for humans
Biogeochemical cycles and their disruption by humans
Competition as the most important form of the struggle for existence
Biological production of aquatic ecosystems and ways to increase it
Features of the embryonic development of rodents
The global carbon cycle and human-induced change

20 Human Biology Essay Topics

The mouse as a model for human biology
The secular trend in human physical growth
Proteins: chemical composition, properties, and significance for the human body
Anthropogenesis: essence and features
The role of medicinal plants in human life
Hereditary human diseases: prerequisites for the occurrence
How do people age?
Characteristics of human biorhythms
The specificity of the development of immunity
Vitamins: types and their role in the human body
Circles of human blood circulation, the interdependence of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
The interaction of neurons in the nerve centers
The main functions of the body system, their relationship
The influence of smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse by parents on the embryonic development of a child
Mechanisms for maintaining intracranial pressure
Anatomical, physiological, and biochemical adaptation in the process of restructuring the body in connection with the disease
Evolutionary gains and losses of a man
Age characteristics of biological adaptation in humans
Hormones, their function, and influence on human behavior
Organ systems of the body and their brief characteristics

20 Best Biology Essay Ideas

The development of a multicellular organism
Characteristic features of the regeneration process
Biological eras and their characteristics
Guided natural selection and its implications for the evolution of species
Mammals: features, structure, comparative anatomical analysis on the example of two representatives
Genetic engineering techniques
Catastrophe theory and the progress of living nature
Biological aspects of pathogenesis in animals and plants
Apomixis and its meaning
Self-regulation in biology
The principle of optimality in biology and the theory of transformation
Reproduction and development of living systems
Basics of organization and sustainability of the biosphere
Panspermia theory
Macro and microelements: their role in the structure of living matter
What tasks are being solved at the molecular level?
Forms of movement at the subcellular, cellular, and organism levels
Symbiosis as a supraorganism system
Reproduction forms: asexual, vegetative, and sexual

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Biology Short Essay Free Response Questions

10 min read • june 11, 2020

Jessica Nadzam

Overview of the Short Essay (FRQ) Questions

The AP Biology exam used to consist of eight long-form free response questions, but in 2019 it was redesigned to consist of only six free response questions. Two of those questions are in the “short” form, and these consist of 50% of the free response score, or 25% of your total score.

Long story short, those four questions may not be as long as the first two, but they still pack a big punch on your score.

The short essay questions will always be the last four on your exam. They’re very different than the first two in length and point-value, but you can use the same techniques as the others. You still need to know the content and utilize the “essential verbage” to write an appropriate response, but this response will be shorter and take less time to complete.

You have to write in blue or black ink (for all things that are good, please do not use a pencil), so have a few of your favorite pens ready. You’ll have lots of pages to write on (if you use all of them, you may have written too much), and you’ll be given a copy of the Formulas and Equations Sheet for any calculations you need to do.

Questions are 4 points apiece, and they typically contain content and problems concerning multiple content areas. Since they are shorter they are less likely to cover multiple topics, but it does still happen. You could initially respond about protein structure in the first part and then end up describing the evidence of evolution by the end of the question. There’s a lot of points on the table, and CollegeBoard will make you work for them.

Response Grading (from an AP Reader)

There are 16 points for the last four questions of the FRQ test, and they make up 25% of your AP Biology score. So, how are those points calculated and scored? CollegeBoard is fantastic at writing rigorous questions, but they’re also very good at training their graders (called AP Readers) how to objectively score the questions. Readers spend a whole day training to grade just two of the questions (they don’t get to look at the other four at all), and then spend a whole week grading only those questions, eight hours a day .

A well-oiled machine may be an understatement. The bottom of the line is, AP Readers know exactly what they’re looking for when they’re grading. They read a hundred tests a day (minimum), and if you don’t have the answer they’ve been told is the right answer, they tend to move on pretty quickly.

While this seems intimidating, it’s actually good news for you - but only if you pay very close attention to the next section on verbiage. You see, the bolded verbs in AP free response questions are just hints as to what AP Readers are looking for in an answer. If you know those verbs backwards and forwards, you will know what type of response AP Readers want. And if you know that, you don’t have to worry about writing something that may be right content-wise, but still missing a point on a technicality.

Essential Verbiage

There are a lot of verbs used in AP exams to pose questions for students to ponder and rip their hair out over.

To keep all that hair on your head, we’ve made you a table. It’s pretty easy - if you know exactly what to do when you encounter each bolded verb , you know exactly what to do to answer the question the way the Reader wants to see it. You know how many points it’s worth, and therefore can figure out how much time to spend on it.

Side note - keep in mind that if a question asks you do something more than once - maybe to describe two factors or explain three phenomenon, you should multiple that # Points by however many things it expects you to do.

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Strategies for 5able Responses

Do you want a 5 on this test? Then here’s what you need to know and be able to do:

Read. The. Question. Carefully. Seriously. You don’t know how many students miss points because they were skimming and missed a critical word. It’s a heartbreaker for Readers, who want to give you that point, but can’t. Also, read the directions carefully. Your papers always say something about how responses on the actual question page will not be scored. Do not write on the question page . You can use it for brainstorming or outlining as scratch paper, but if your words aren’t written on lined paper or a graph or table, they won’t be scored. So make sure you put your answers in the right place!

Complete. Sentences. Unless it’s an identify or construct or calculate question, you need a capital letter and a period, or the Reader will not grade that response. Period. Outlines, bulleted lists, and drawings won’t be graded unless specified in the question’s directions.

Circle your bolded verbs . Find them. Figure out which are worth the most points, the least points, will take the longest, will be the quickest, etc. Then, figure out which ones to answer first.

When you start the test, you don’t have to go in order. If your mind goes blank on question one, skip it . It’s not going anywhere, you can come back to it. But don’t waste time on it when there are others you can definitely answer later in the booklet.

The identify and graph/draw questions are some of the quickest to respond to because they don’t require complete sentences, and the answers are usually very quick to come up with. Answer these questions first to get them out of the way.

Time yourself. You get 90 minutes, but it goes by fast. Keep a digital watch that does not beep , and refer to it regularly. Plot how long you want to spend on each question so you don’t waste time in one area and lose points on another question you could have easily answered. Since the short questions are worth half your free-response score, you shouldn’t spend any more than 45 minutes on these four questions, or about 10-11 minutes apiece.

This is not AP English. The graders are not English teachers. They don’t care how pretty your introduction is or how ~thought-provoking~ your thesis statement is. They just want to finish your paper and move on, so don’t ramble on and on. Skip the fluff and go straight to the point. Don’t restate the question or introduce the topic or regurgitate random knowledge - it won’t get you extra points, it’s a waste of time for you, and the Readers get bored sorting through all your thoughts and writing.

Label your responses . While you still have to write in complete sentences, please label each response with a, b, c, etc. if the essay question has multiple parts. You don’t even have to go in order, but this helps Readers find your answer so they don’t have to sift and guess what you meant.

COMMIT TO YOUR ANSWER . Readers don’t like wishy-washy papers. Erase the words “might” and “possible” and “I think” from your vocabulary. You could be completely wrong, but if you’re writing about a purple hippopotamus, COMMIT to that purple hippopotamus. Don’t say “I think the purple hippopotamus might possibly maybe do photosynthesis if it feels like it.” That’s wishy washy, and Readers don’t accept that as an actual answer, so they won’t give points for it. Be committed , and loudly proclaim “This purple hippopotamus does photosynthesis!” Ta-da!

If possible, always give an example. We said earlier not to mind dump and regurgitate, but examples are usually a good way to sweep up an extra point or two if you have budgeted your time wisely and can accurately apply it to the scenario.

So, now that you know what the Readers are looking for in your responses, let’s talk about the types of questions they will ask you.

Question Types

The short version of the free-response test has four questions, and each of those four questions has a distinct question type. These are based on “science practices” that CollegeBoard expects students to develop to be more ~well-rounded~ and ~critical thinkers~. Luckily, these questions go in a distinct order, too. Those types and order is as follows:

Scientific Investigation

Conceptual Analysis

Analysis of Model or Visual Representation

Analysis of Data

With this, you can get a good idea of what to expect on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th question. And if you’re used to studying for the science section of the ACT, you probably recognize these question types. It’s all about analyzing graphs and tables, pulling information from passages, and performing analysis on data.

Oh, while remembering all that AP Biology knowledge your teacher tried to get into your brain for the past 6-9 months. No pressure.

Let’s break down what each of those question types is asking for, and the best ways to respond to maximize your time and your points.

Scientific Analysis - this question will describe a lab experiment scenario, and expect you to be able to describe the biological concept or process involved, identify an experimental procedure, predict results, and justify your prediction.

Conceptual Analysis - in this question, CollegeBoard will present a question that describes a real-life scenario. It will relate that scenario to a biological phenomenon and tell you something has disrupted the process. To get all four points, you will have to describe the biological process that is happening, explain that biological concept, predict the causes and effects of the disruption, and justify your prediction.

Analysis of Model or Visual Representation may seem like two separate question types, but they will ask you to do the same thing. Both will give you a description of some biological scenario with a visual model. You will be asked to analyze that model, and then describe different biological characteristics of the model, explain the relationships between the different characteristics, identify or draw the relationships within that model, and then explain how the scenario relates to a larger idea or concept.

Analysis of Data - for the final question of the exam (and then you’re freeeeee !), you will receive data on a graph or table. You will then have to describe the data (twice), evaluate a hypothesis or prediction using the data, and then explain how the experimental results relate to some biological concept.

These descriptions can seem a bit confusing on their own. Therefore, some examples are provided below.

Sample Question 1 - Scientific Investigation

A forest ecosystem has a delicate balance of life. Autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers live together and exchange resources to survive. Sometimes their relationships are mutually beneficial, but sometimes they can be harmful for one species and beneficial for another. Buteo jumaicensis , or the red-tailed hawk, consumes smaller organisms such as small reptiles and small mammals. Recently, the ecosystem has been disturbed by deforestation of pine trees. Hawks typically roost on the crowns of tall trees, and as a result their habitat begins to diminish.

a) Describe the niche of the red-tailed hawk.

b) Identify the type of relationship shared between the red-tailed hawk and a common forest mouse.

c) Predict the short-term impact of the decline of the red-tailed hawk due to deforestation, and how it will impact the rest of the ecosystem.

d) Provide reasoning to justify your prediction.

Sample Question 2 - Conceptual Analysis

The lac operon model is a common phenomenon used to demonstrate the regulation of gene expression. In this model, a gene is essentially turned “on” and “off” to produce proteins only when they are necessary. This allows a bacteria called Escherichia coli ( E. coli) to metabolize lactose.

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a) Describe the gene expression process from DNA to protein.

b) Explain why operons are an evolutionary advantage over allowing genes to undergo transcription and translation constantly.

c) Although less commonly used for demonstration, the trp operon is another bacterial operon found in E. coli. Predict what would occur if a lac repressor was used on the trp operon.

d) Provide evidence to support your prediction.

Sample Question 3 - Analyze Model or Visual Representation

Signal transduction pathways occur when cells receive signals from outside their membranes, and transduct those messages through the cell to a predetermined location. These signals are used for a variety of reasons including growth, division, mating, protein production, and more. In order for a cell to experience signal transduction, it must receive some signal that binds to a receptor and triggers the pathway.

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a) Referring to the figure, predict a possible response that may occur as a result of this signal. b) Describe the steps of the signal transduction pathway that must occur to elicit a response.

c) Sometimes secondary messengers may enter the cell only after a ligand has bound to a receptor. Explain why secondary messengers may be necessary for cell signalling.

d) Identify the ligand in the figure.

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Biology Essay Topics: 50+ Ideas for Your Next Project

by Antony W

December 16, 2023

A Biological essay is a technical piece of assignment that requires careful topic selection, structure, and writing. So if your teacher hasn’t given you a title for the essay , you should tread carefully when choosing topics.

In this post, we share with you a list of 50+ Biology related ideas, which you may find useful and equally interesting during the brainstorming stage. You can use the list as inspiration to come up with a topic of your choice, or you can pick of these examples and modify it to your liking.

Key Takeaways

Because Biology is a broad subject, you should choose a topic that focuses on an interesting theme or an area that you’ve always wanted to explore.
Check the Biology assignment prompt for guidelines on what you have to do, as these are the instructions that will inform your essay.
Share the topic with your teacher first, so they can give you their opinion on whether it’s a suitable one to research.

50+ Best Biology Essay Topics

Below is a list of 50+ topics that you just might find useful and interesting enough to explore in your Biology essay:

Human Biology Essay Topics

How does the mouse serve as a model for understanding human biology?
What defines the secular trend observed in human physical growth over time?
The significant role of medicinal plants in human life and health
Understanding the characteristics of human biorhythms and their implications
The interconnected circles of human blood circulation and the relationship between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
How do neurons interact within nerve centers, and what impact does this have?
The influence of parental smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse on the embryonic development of a child

Controversial Biology Essay Topics

What are the leading theories on how life initially emerged on Earth?
Is there evidence suggesting that plants might experience something akin to pain?
Can we determine if animals possess consciousness?
To what extent is animal testing essential for achieving major biological breakthroughs?
What defines the concept of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) in evolutionary biology?
Where did eukaryotic life forms originate from and what evidence supports this?
Are viruses considered living entities, and why or why not?
What are the fundamental theories explaining the origins of the human species?
Why has the mystery of brain function remained unsolved despite scientific advancements?
Is it scientifically accurate to state that a fetus cannot feel pain?
What is the current understanding of the status of Nano bacteria in biological research?

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Biology Extended Essay Topics

How does a multicellular organism develop from a single cell?
What are the defining characteristics of the regeneration process in living organisms?
How does guided natural selection influence species’ evolution, and what are its implications?
What structural and anatomical features differentiate mammals, using two representatives for comparison?
How does catastrophe theory contribute to understanding the progression of life in nature?
What are the biological aspects of pathogenesis in both animals and plants?
How does self-regulation function within biological systems?
Describe the processes involved in the reproduction and development of living systems.
What are the fundamental organizational principles that sustain the biosphere?
How do different forms of movement occur at the subcellular, cellular, and organism levels?

Cell Biology Essay Topics

How do stem cells contribute to medical advancements?
What pathways in cell biology offer promising approaches for treating Alzheimer’s disease?
The primary research methods utilized in cell biology and how they contribute to scientific discoveries.
How scientists study fixed objects and the insights that this approach provide.
The fundamental differences between DNA and RNA, and how do they function within cells.
An overview of the structure and components that constitute a cell in biology

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Zoology Essay Topics

What are the intricate migration patterns of birds and how do they navigate across vast distances?
How primate language or communication systems resemble and differ from human language.
Analyze how scientists analyze and manage the impact of invasive species on ecosystems.
Explain how different species of animals communicate with each other.
What historical evidence or scientific findings shed light on the domestication process of canines and its impact on their behavior and traits?
Is there a correlation between brain size and the intelligence or cognitive abilities of different species?

Animal Research Essay Topics

What factors contribute to the rising obesity rates among household pets?
Ethical considerations surrounding the testing of beauty products on animals
What cognitive functions do primates exhibit and how do these compare to human cognitive abilities?
How do predators and prey adapt to their roles in the ecosystem and what strategies have evolved in this ongoing interaction?
What variations exist in the vision of different animal species and how do these adaptations contribute to their survival?
The implications of fishing practices on marine conservation efforts
What are the consequences of removing animals from their natural habitats?

Botany Essay Topics

What recent breakthroughs in plant research have significantly affected modern agricultural practices?
How do plants respond to various stressors and what physiological mechanisms enable them to adapt to adverse conditions?
Elaborate on the structural diversity and different types of fungi.
What recent discoveries or insights have emerged from the study of plant fossils and how do they contribute to our understanding of ancient plant life?
How does the process of photosynthesis function in plants and what factors influence its efficiency and effectiveness?
What are the mechanisms of genetic inheritance in plants and how do these mechanisms affect the traits and characteristics of plant species?
What are some prevalent diseases or issues affecting plants and what methods are used to manage or prevent these problems?
What unique characteristics define ferns, and what role do they play in the ecology and biodiversity of various habitats?

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Free Biology Essay Examples & Writing Tips

Don’t know what to write about in your essay on biology? Looking for good biology essay examples for inspiration? This article has all you need!

A biology essay is a type of academic paper that focuses on a particular topic of biology. It can discuss animal life, cycles in biology, or a botanic subject. You will need to demonstrate your critical thinking skills and provide relevant evidence to support your perspective.

On this page, you will find examples of biology essays. You will also find here tips and topics prepared by our experts . They can assist you in nailing your short or extended essay.

Areas of Research for Biology Essays

If you’ve been assigned to write a biology essay, you probably know which area of research you have to choose. However, it might be beneficial to explore other available scopes. It’s useful for both interdisciplinary study and the cases when you are free to pick your area of research. In this section, let’s figure out what you can study in biology.

Here are biological areas of research you should be familiar with:

Cancer Biology studies this type of disease to prevent, detect, diagnose and cure it. The ultimate goal of such biologists is to eliminate cancer.
Cell Biology is a branch that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. Here, biologists study healthy and sick cells to produce vaccines, medication, etc.
Biochemistry is an application of chemistry to the study of biological processes on cell and molecular levels. It is a cross-discipline between chemistry and biology. The focus is on the chemical processes of living organisms.
Computation Biology is a study of biological data that develops algorithms and models to understand biological systems. Here, scientists either work for institutions or research for private enterprises.
Genetics is an area that focuses on the study of genes and genetic variations for health benefits. It looks at the way DNA affects certain diseases.
Human Disease is an area within which scientists study different diseases. The field covers cancer, developmental disorders, disease genes, etc.
Immunology is a branch of biology that focuses on immunity. Immunologists look at the way the body responds to viruses as a way to protect the organism.
Microbiology studies all living organisms that are too small for our eye to see. It includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms.
Neurobiology is the study of the nervous system. Biologists examine the way the brain works and look into brain illnesses.
Stem Cell and Developmental Biology seeks to examine how the processes behind stem cell’s ability transform cells. The biologists in this area use the power of stem cells to model human illnesses.

Essay on Biology: Writing Tips

Want to know how to start a biology essay? Wondering about the best way to write your essay on biology? Then check out the following tips.

When you’re writing about biology, pay attention to the following features:

Introduction . Just as in any other form of academic writing, the first section of your paper introduces the subject. Here, explain why your ideas are relevant to biology as a science.
Thesis Statement. The final one or two sentences of the first paragraph should include your original hypothesis and experiment. You will be proving them in the main body. You do not have to include the results as the reader will encounter them later. If you’re struggling with this part, try our thesis generator .
Main Body. In this part, write about all the experiments in detail. Often, teachers require to include visual aid to prove your point. For Zoology, Anatomy, Botany, it is pretty easy to find some photos and illustrations.
Conclusion. Here, restate your thesis. Reemphasize the most critical aspects described in the main body. You can do it by using our summarizing tool . The goal of this last paragraph is to leave an everlasting impression on the reader.

Thank you for reading our article. We hope you found it helpful. Share it with your class peers who also study biology. Additionally, have a look at the biological essay examples below.

805 Best Essay Examples on Biology

Grass and its importance, the benefits of animals to humans essay.

Words: 1166

The Effect of Temperature on Amylase Activity

Words: 1293

Biology of Grasses: Description and Importance

Ubiquity of microorganisms.

Words: 2210

Effects of Vinegar on the Germination Rate of Mung Beans Seeds

Words: 1750

Anaerobic Respiration and Its Applications

Words: 1274

Seed Germination Experiment: Results and Discussion

Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological system theory.

Words: 1827

Mung Seed Germination Patterns under Varying pH Values

Pets and people, similarities and differences of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, strawberries history.

Words: 1484

Botany and Taxonomy of the Onion

Words: 2414

Dark or Light Skin: Advantages and Disadvantages

Nanobiotechnology, its advantages and disadvantages, characteristics of adult development.

Words: 1311

Osmosis Through a Potato Slice Dipped in Solutions of Varying Concentrations

Words: 1075

The C-Fern Plant Laboratory Experiment

Words: 1101

Microbiology: Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

Mitosis and meiosis in onion root tip.

Words: 1691

Lemon, Its Origin and Production

Words: 1115

Rabbit Muscular System Dissection Report

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells: key differences, transpiration process in plants, vitamin a: description and usage, mitosis in onion root and whitefish blastula, botany and zoology in the classroom.

Words: 1631

The Function and Structures of the Human Heart

Importance of the brain in human body, different ecosystems and living things, browning reactions explained, a study of the brine shrimps and their natural environment.

Words: 1937

Substrate Concentration and Rate of Enzyme Reactions

Words: 1730

Pollutants Effects on Cellular Respiration Rate

Words: 1434

Cane Toad: Introduction and Threat

Words: 1018

The Insect Effect on Human Life

A brief discussion of animal and plant cells, aspects, importance and issues of biodiversity, cells, tissues, and major organs systems.

Words: 2269

Marine Life in United Arab Emirates

Words: 1474

The Thermoregulation Is and Its Importance

The anatomy and physiology of the nervous system of a rat.

Words: 1612

Forensic Procedures: Hairs and Fibres

Words: 2067

The Digestive System in the Human Body

The effect of different shampoos on the bacteria growth.

Words: 1737

Molecular Biology. Production of pET28b and EGFP Clones

Words: 4609

Cell Organelles, Their Functions, and Disease

Words: 1195

Consequences of Orange Juice on the Germination of Mung Bean Seeds

Ethnobotanical uses of plants.

Words: 1938

A Light Microscope: Function and Usage

The characteristics and importance of nervous system.

Words: 1705

How SCOBY Changes Its Environment: Lab Experiment

Words: 1214

Description of Mitosis and Meiosis

Human circulatory system and evolution, archaea and bacteria prokaryotes dichotomous keys, lipids: fatty acids and glycerols, vertical stratification, falling in love as part of natural selection.

Words: 1085

Microbiology and Its Role in Healthcare

Dugesia, a planarian with its peculiar characteristics.

Words: 3207

Photosynthesis As A Biological Process

Biology: photosynthesis and respiration, the euphorbia plant modification and adaptation, olfactics and its importance for living beings.

Words: 1446

Pros and Cons of Use of Pesticides

Ubiquity of bacteria: laboratory activity.

Words: 1496

Seed Germination and Osmosis

Words: 1127

Life in the Bottom of the Ocean and Its Protection

Words: 1529

Vaquita – Endangered Species

Words: 1367

The Importance of Sleeping and Dreaming

Researching the physiology of the eye.

Words: 1122

Microbiological Studies, Applications, and Current Discoveries

Brine shrimp habitat, invertase enzyme: description and role.

Words: 1151

Natural Sciences. The Phenol Red Broth Test Experiment

Words: 1156

“The Egg and the Sperm” by Emily Martin Critique

Words: 2577

A Study of “Escherichia Coli”

Cell culture and biomedical applications.

Words: 1485

Soil Impact on the Growth of Plants

Words: 1227

Introduction to the Nervous System

Rosalind franklin: the discovery of the dna structure, food macromolecules – lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, first reptiles adaptation: amniotic egg evolution, climate change and threat to animals, how the human eye works analogous to a camera, the characteristics and importance of chickpeas.

Words: 3665

Physiology of Uromastyx Aegyptia

Words: 1340

Corn Plant’s Developmental Stages

Reproductive isolation and its potential effects, melanin theory as a pseudoscientific claim.

Words: 1645

Domesticated, Cultivated, and Wild Species

Biology: analysis of egg experiment, non-trophic interaction in marine species, microbial growth and effect of ph on it.

Words: 1330

Biodiversity, Interdependency: Threatened and Endhangered Species

What enzymes are and how do they work, the dna extraction procedure: scientific experiment, shapes of cells and their functions, pfiesteria piscicida: classification and analysis.

Words: 1704

Microbial Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Impact

Plant growth and development with music, venomous snakes: the importance of the antidotes, the human family tree development, biowarfare and bioterrorism: history and origin, responsible house plant keeping.

Words: 2262

The Kingdom Fungi: The Structure, Characteristics

Green fluorescent protein – applications in biochemistry, the brain: structure and functions, psychophysics: definition & fundamentals.

Words: 1606

Sleep May Be Nature’s Time Management Tool by Carey

Venus flytraps and arthropods: plant-animal interactions.

Words: 2088

Gekkonidae: Biological Characteristics

Words: 1121

Human Reproductive Biology: Organs, Structure, Functions

Words: 2909

Biology. Cell Analogy – Nucleus + Nucleolus

The biological basis of sleep.

Words: 2220

Stress & Health: “Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers” Book by Sapolsky

Traps: artificially designed or modified cells, the “why zebras don’t get ulcers” book by sapolsky, the fermentation process of olives.

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212 Unique Biology Research Topics For Students And Researchers

Every student studying something related to biology — botany, marine, animal, medicine, molecular or physical biology, is in an interesting field. It’s a subject that explores how animate and inanimate objects relate to themselves. The field unveils the past, the present, and what lies in the future of the relationship between the living and nonliving things.

This is precisely why you need custom and quality biology topics for your college and university essay or project. It’ll make it easy to brainstorm, research, and get to writing straight away. Before the deep dive, what is biology?

What Is Biology?

Everyone knows it’s the scientific study of life, but beyond that, biology facilitates the comprehension of living and nonliving things. It’s a branch that explores their anatomy, behavior, distribution, morphology, and physiology.

For example, it understands how genes are classified and constituted into generations. It encompasses various branches, including botany, medicine, genetics, ecology, marine biology, zoology, and molecular biology.

Here are what some of these mean:

Botany: This study of plants examines their structure, physiology, ecology, economic importance, and distribution, among others. It also deals with their biochemical processes, properties, and social interactions between plants. It extends to how plants are vital for human life, survival, and growth and how they play a significant role in stabilizing environmental health. Zoology: Zoology studies animal behavior, brain, structure, physiology, class, and distribution. It’s the general study of the lives of both living and extinct animals. It explains animal classification, the animal kingdom, evolution, habitat, embryology, and life span. Physiology: Physiology deals with the daily functions of the human body: How it works and the factors that make it work. It examines molecular behavior, the chemistry and physics behind locomotion, and how the cells in the living organisms’ body function. It helps understand how humans and animals get sick and what can be done to alleviate pain. Microbiology: Dealing with microorganisms, it examined how viruses, algae, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, and slime molds become parts of human life. They’re regarded as microbes, which play substantial roles in the human biochemical processes, including climate change, biodegradation, biodeterioration, food spoilage, biotech, and epidemiology. Marine Biology: This is the scientific study of organs in the sea. It understands their family classification, how they survive, and what makes wild marine animals different from domesticated and consumable ones. It also explores their interaction with the environment through several processes. The marine biologist studies marines in their natural environment, collects data on their characteristics, human impact on their living, and how they relate with themselves.

Now that you know all these, here are some custom biology topics to research for your university or college essay and paper.

Controversial Biology Topics

There are many controversial subjects in every field, and biology isn’t exempt from controversy. If you’d like to create an original essay through diverse opinions, here are biology topics for you:

What are your thoughts on the post-Roe V Wade world?
How can the post-Roe V Wade policy affect developing countries looking up to America for their laws?
Abortion and feminism: discuss
Does saving life justify cloning?
Explain the principle of abortion in medical practice
The effects of cloning in medicine
How does genetics contribute to obesity?
Explain why a parent could have Hepatitis B virus and only one of five offspring have the virus
Is homosexuality really in the gene?
How does depression correlate with genetics?
Additives and how they affect the genes
Examine how genetic mutations work
Discuss the grounds that you could prove for legalizing human cloning
Which is more immoral: Human or animal cloning?
How is nanotechnology different from biotechnology?
Discuss the manifestation of nanotechnology in science
Explain three instances where public opinion has held back scientific inventions
How does transgenic crop work?
Would you say genetically modified food is safe for consumption?
Explain why sexual abuse leads to trauma.

Biology Research Paper Topics

You’d need to write an extensive paper on biology one day. This could be when you’re in your final year in college or the university or submitting to a competition. You’d need Biology topics to research for brainstorming, and here are 30 of them:

Stem cells and tissue formation processes
Why are there different congenital disabilities?
Mixtures in anticancer drugs?
What are the complexities of existing HIV drugs?
What is the contribution of chemotherapy to cancer?
Examine the chemotherapy process and why it doesn’t work for some patients.
Explain the origin of developmental diseases
How do germs affect the cells?
What are the consequences of the sun on the white person’s and black person’s skin?
Why are some diseases treatable through drugs while some are not?
Scientific lessons learned from COVID-19 and ideas to tackle the next virus
If animals are carriers of the virus, what should be done to them?
Examine five animals in extinction and what led to it
Discuss the subject of endangered species and why people should care
Is a plant-based diet sustainable for human health?
Account for the consequence of living on Mars on human health
Discuss the inconveniences involved in space travel
How does space flight contribute to environmental disasters
Discuss the emergence of leukemia
Explain how the immune systems in humans work
Evaluate the factors that weaken the immunological system
What would you consider the deadliest virus?
Autoimmune: what is it, origin and consequences
Immune disorder: origin and how it affects the body
Does stress affect the ability to have sex?
Contribution of vaccine to eradicating disease: Discuss
What are the complexities in taking the Hepatitis B vaccine while being positive?
Allergies: why do humans have them?
DNA modification: how does it work?
Explain the misconceptions about the COVID-19 vaccines.

Interesting Biology Topics

Biology doesn’t have to be boring. Different aspects of biology could be fun to explore, especially if you’ve had a flair for the study since your elementary school classes.

You can either write an essay or paper with the following interesting biology research topics:

Human emotions and conflicts with their intellectual intelligence
Emotions: Its influence on art and music and how the perception of art influences the world
The consequences of marijuana and alcohol on teenagers
Compare and contrast how alcohol affects teenagers and adults
Discuss the contributions of neuroscience to the subject of emotional pain
Explain how the brain process speech
Discuss the factors that cause autism
Explain what is meant when people say humans are animals
Why do scientists say humans are pessimists?
Factors contributing to the dopamine levels human experience
How does isolation affect the human brain?
What factors contribute to instinctive responses?
Noise pollution: how it affects living organisms
Fire ecology: The contributions of plants to fire outbreak
Explain the science behind how hot temperature, soil, and dry grass start a fire
Microbes: what do you understand by bioremediation?
Explain urban ecology and the challenges it pokes to solve
Discuss how excessive internet usage affects the human memory
Evaluate how conservation biology contributes to the extinction prevention efforts
Discuss the role of satellites and drones in understanding the natural world
Why do we need space travel and studies?
Explain the limitations of limnology studies
What are infectious-disease-causing agents all about?
Discuss what epigenetics studies encompass
Why is cancer research essential to the world?
Discuss climate change: Governments are not interested, and there is no alternative
How is behavioral science studies a core part of the understanding of the world?
Discuss the issues with genetic engineering and why it’s a challenge
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in the arguments for a plant-based diet
Create a survey amongst students of biology asking why they chose to study the course.

Biology Research Topics For College Students

If you find any of the above beyond your intellectual and Research capacity, here are some topics you can handle. You can use these for your essays, projects, quizzes, or competitions.

These custom yet popular biology research topics will examine famous personalities and other discourse in biology:

Effects of the human hormone on the mind
Why do men get erect even when they’re absentminded?
How does women’s arousal work?
How can melatonin be valuable for therapy?
Risky behavior: Hormones responsible for the risk
Stem and cloning: what is the latest research on the subject?
Hormones: changes in pregnancy
Why do pregnant women have an appetite for random and remote things?
The role of physical activities in hormone development
Examine the benefits and threats of transgenic crops
The fight against COVID-19: assess current successes
The fight against smallpox: assess current successes
The fight against HIV: history, trends, and present research
Discuss the future of prosthetic appliances
Examine the research and the future of mind-controlled limbs
What does cosmetic surgery mean, and why is it needed?
Analyze the meaning and process of vascular surgery
Discuss the debate around changes in genital organs for males and females in transgender bodies
How do donors and organ transplants work?
Account for the work of Dr. Malcom E Miller
Discuss the contribution of Charles Darwin to human evolution
Explain the trends in biomedicine
Discuss the functions of x-rays in botany
Assess the most efficient systems for wildlife preservation
Examine how poverty contributes to climate hazards
Discuss the process involved in plant metabolism
The transformation of energy into a living thing: discuss
Prevention for sexually transmitted disease: What are the misconceptions?
Analyze how the human body reacts to poison
Russian Poisoning: What are the lessons scientists must learn?
COVID-19: Discuss the efforts by two or three governments to prevent the spread
Discuss the contributions of Pfizer during the pandemic.

Marine Biology Research Topics

This subject explains orgasms in the sea, how they survive, and their interaction with their environment. If you have a flair for this field, the following Biology research topics may interest you:

Discuss what quantitative ecology through modeling means
Smallest diatoms and marine logistics: discuss
How is the shark studied?
Acidification of seas: Causes and consequences
Discuss the concept of the immortality of Jellyfishes
Discuss the differences between seawater and freshwater in marine study
Account for some of the oldest marine species
Discuss the evolution of the deep sea
Explain whales’ communication techniques
What does plankton ecology encompass?
The importance of coral reefs to seawater
Challenges that encompass geological oceanography
How tourism affects natural animal habitat
Discuss some instances of the domestication of wild marine animals
Coastal zone: pros and cons of living in such areas
How do sharks perceive enemies?
Analyze why some animals can live in water but can’t live on land
Explain how plants survive in the sea
Compare and contrast the different two species of animals in the water
How can marine energy be generated, stored, and used?

Molecular Biology Research Topics

Focusing on the construct of cells and analysis of their composition, it understands the alteration and maintenance of cellular processes. If you’d like to focus on molecular biology, here are 15 good biology research topics for you:

Ethical considerations in molecular genetics
Discuss the structure and component of the gene
Examine the restrictions in DNA
What are the peculiarities in modern nucleic acid analysis
What goes into the Pharmaceutical production of drugs
Evaluate the building blocks of life
Discuss the systems of RNA translation to protein
PCR: How DNA is tested and analyzed
Why is prion disease so dangerous?
Compare and contrast recessive genes vs. dominant genes
Can there be damage to the human DNA, and can it be repaired?
Constraints in the research of microarray data analysis
Protein purification: How it evolves
Objectives of nucleic acid
Explain the structure of a prion.

Biology Research Topics For High School

Your teachers and professors will be awed if you create impeccable essays for your next report. You need to secure the best grades as you move closer to graduation, and brainstorming any of these popular biology research topics will help:

Identify the most endangered species
The challenges to animal extinction
What are the things everyone should know about sea life?
Discuss the history of genetics
Explain the biological theory of Charles Darwin
How did the lockdown affect social interaction?
Why do some people refuse the vaccine?
Origin of genetics
What is animal hunting, and why is it fashionable
Explain the evolution of a virus
Role of lockdown in preventing deaths and illnesses
Invasive species: What does it mean?
Endangered animals: How do they survive in the face of their hazards?
Lockdown and their role in reducing coronavirus transmission
Vaccine distribution: Ideas for global distribution
Why can viruses become less virulent?
Discuss the evolution of the world
Explain the evolution of the planet
Explain what Elon Musk means when he says life on Mars is possible
What does herd immunity mean?
Flu: why is there a low incidence in 2020?
Relationship between archaeology and biology
Antiviral drug: What it means
Factors leading to the evolution of humans
Give instances of what natural selection means
What is considered the dead branches of evolution
Whale hunting: What it means and the present trends
Who is Stephen Jay, and what is his role in paleontology?
Origin of diseases: why must humans fall sick?
Why are humans called higher animals?

Human Biology Research Topics

Human biology understands humans and their relationship between themselves and their environment. It also studies how the body works and the impediments to health. Here are some easy biology research topics to explore on the subject:

How do gut bacteria affect the brain?
What are the ethical concerns around organ transplants?
The consequence of alcohol on the liver
The consequences of extreme salt on the human body
Why do humans need to deworm regularly?
The relationship between obesity and genetics
Genetically modified foods: Why are they needed?
How sun exposure affects human skin
Latest trends: Depression is hereditary
Influence of music on the human brain
What are the stages of lung cancer
Forensic DNA: latest trends
How visual consumptions affect how humans think
What is the process that leads to pregnancy?
Explain the role of nanotechnology in HIV research
Discuss any experiment with stem cells you know about
Explain how humans consume food
Discuss the process of metabolism as well as its criticality to human health
Explore the consistent challenges technology poses to human health
Explain the process of body decay to a skeleton.

Cell Biology Research Topics

There are many evolutionary biology research paper topics formed not by the nomenclature but for what they stand for. Cell biology is one of the most complex branches of the field.

It examines minor units and the living organisms that make them up. The focus is on the relationship between the cytoplasm, membrane, and parts of the cell. Here are some topics to explore for your scientific dissertation writing :

How does chromatin engage in the alterations of gene expression?
What are the usual cell infections, and why does the body have immunity defections?
Identify and account for the heritage of Robert Brown in his core career focus
Explain the structure of the animal cell and why It’s what it is
Identify the cells in the human body as well as their functions
Explain a scenario and justify the context of animals photosynthesizing like plants
Why do bacteria invade the body, and how do they do it?
Why are mitochondria considered the powerhouse of the cell
Use the molecular analysis tool to explain multicellular organisms
Examine how the White blood cells fight disease
What do you understand about the role of cell biology in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
What are the latest research methods in cell biology?
Identify the characteristics of viruses and why they threaten human existence.
Discuss the differences between DNA and RNA
What part of the body is responsible for human functionality for as long as the individual wants?

Get Biology Research Help As Soon As Possible

Creating the best essays or papers is easier now that you have custom biology research topics. However, you may still need support writing your paper beyond these topic ideas. After all, the first stage of writing like experts is brainstorming ideas and researching which is most feasible to write about.

If you truly want to wow your professor or teacher but can’t afford to dedicate all the required time, here’s an alternative. You can hire writing helpers online for quality papers at a cheap price, and we can help with that. We are a team of writers with many years of writing experience for students in Europe and North America. You can even buy thesis online with us, as well as editing services.

Each paper is assigned to writers with expertise in a specific field. This enables them to provide in-depth analysis as your assignment requires. We’re based online, which means you won’t have issues with accessibility and availability. Just tell us what you need, and we will get it done.

Critical Thinking Questions

Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be fluid in nature?

Why do phospholipids tend to spontaneously orient themselves into something resembling a membrane?

How can a cell use an extracellular peripheral protein as the receptor to transmit a signal into the cell?

Which explanation identifies how the following affect the rate of diffusion: molecular size, temperature, solution density, and the distance that must be traveled?

Why does water move through a membrane?

Both of the regular intravenous solutions administered in medicine, normal saline and lactated Ringer’s solution, are isotonic. Why is this important?

Describe two ways that decreasing temperature would affect the rate of diffusion of molecules across a cell’s plasma membrane.

A cell develops a mutation in its potassium channels that prevents the ions from leaving the cell. If the cell’s aquaporins are still active, what will happen to the cell? Be sure to describe the tonicity and osmolarity of the cell.

Where does the cell get energy for active transport processes?

How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to the net negative charge of the interior of the cell?

Glucose from digested food enters intestinal epithelial cells by active transport. Why would intestinal cells use active transport when most body cells use facilitated diffusion?

The sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) transports sodium into and calcium out of cardiac muscle cells. Describe why this transporter is classified as secondary active transport.

Why is it important that there are different types of proteins in plasma membranes for the transport of materials into and out of a cell?

Why do ions have a difficult time getting through plasma membranes despite their small size?

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Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution License and you must attribute OpenStax.

Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/1-introduction

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Book title: Biology 2e
Publication date: Mar 28, 2018
Location: Houston, Texas
Book URL: https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/1-introduction
Section URL: https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/5-critical-thinking-questions

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How to answer A-level Biology essay questions

The Synoptic essay questions in paper 3 of the AQA A-level biology course carries 25 marks, so can make a big difference to your overall grade. The essay encourages you to think across different topics (some call this “synoptic” or “holistic” thinking). This is also valuable for other areas of the exams, particularly the application questions .

Here are a few tips for tackling your A-level biology essay: (As an example, Let’s use the title “The importance of movement in cells and tissues”)

Think broadly…

Essay titles are deliberately vague to give you the chance to show your knowledge in a variety of topics. To help you to choose what’s most relevant, look out for subjective words like “movement” and “cells”. Think of the possible alternatives. “Cells”, for example, hints that you could discuss plants, animals, single-celled organisms etc. in your essay. “Movement” could mean short distances (across a membrane) or much further (circulation or mass flow) or even the whole tissue moving (phototropism).

Visualize and catastrophize!

If you can’t think of enough topics for an “importance” essay, flip the question around – what would happen if movement in cells suddenly ground to a halt? Or if ATP suddenly vanished, or our cells were robbed of their ions? Sometimes catastrophizing in this way frees up thoughts, and helps you see what is really important. Another way is to picture every diagram in your notes or textbook that features the thing-that’s-important-in-the-question. If it’s in a diagram, it could go in your essay.

Pick your strongest topics

It’s possible to drop marks on the essay for scientific errors. With that in mind, even if you have lots of ideas for things to include, always pick the topics you can write confidently about. For bonus marks, try to order them in a way that “flows” like a story. Take care to use A-level (and not GCSE) language too.

Keep an eye on the question

While you’re writing, keep asking yourself “Where am I placing the emphasis?”. If the essay is about movement, perhaps you don’t need a whole page about nervous responses, only the bits where movement is involved – sodium ions flowing through channels, waves of depolarisation etc. Movement is the focus of the essay, after all, not neurons. Always ask yourself “Does this sentence fit with the title of the essay?”

Use outside knowledge

The top marks for the essay are reserved for displaying “evidence of reading beyond specification requirements”. Often you can drop recent scientific research or news into your writing – how vaccines tackle COVID might work in an essay about viruses, for example. I often encourage students to have a quick look at the news pages of New Scientist pages (eg https://www.newscientist.com/subject/health/ ) before paper 3 for inspiration – you don’t need to spend ages doing this, just long enough to have one or two ideas up your sleeve…

Good luck with your essay!

If you’d like to work through some example essay questions, please get in touch with me at Woolton Tutors (or Woolton Biology) and we can set up some online biology tutoring sessions.

Best wishes,

Dr John Ankers

Specialist online A-level biology tutor

www.wooltontutors.co.uk

Author: Dr John Ankers

Dr John Ankers is a tutor, coach and writer. For writing and consultancy work, please contact me at [email protected] View all posts by Dr John Ankers

Extended Essay Writers

Biology EE Topics | 40 Ideas

Luke MacQuoid

There are many potential topics for a biology Extended Essay (EE) in the International Baccalaureate (IB) program.

Topic Ideas

Some possibilities include the following:

The effects of pollution on a particular species or ecosystem.
The genetic basis of a specific disease or trait.
The comparative physiology of a specific mammal and bird.
The effects of climate change on a particular species or ecosystem.
The impact of human activity on the evolution of a species.
The physiology of a specific plant species.
The efficacy of a specific medicinal plant.
The comparison of the anatomy and physiology of a specific animal species in captivity and in the wild.
The impact of a specific invasive species on an ecosystem.
The effect of different fertilizers on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
The study of the symbiotic relationship between specific species.
The effect of different light conditions on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
The impact of different temperature conditions on the physiology of a specific microorganism.
The study of the genetic diversity within a specific species.
The study of the effects of different pH levels on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
The impact of human activity on the population dynamics of a specific species.
The study of the effects of different soil types on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
The study of the impacts of different pesticides on the physiology of a specific species.
The study of the effects of different water conditions on the growth and development of a specific plant species.
The study of the impact of ocean acidification on the physiology of a specific marine species.
Studying the Effects of Acid Rain on Local Flora.
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity.
Influence of Insecticides on Honey Bee Population Decline.
The Effects of Microplastics on Aquatic Food Chains.
The Role of Genetics in Determining Human Lifespan.
Influence of Habitat Loss on the Genetic Diversity of a Specific Species.
The Effects of Light Pollution on Nocturnal Animals.
A Comparative Study of Photosynthesis Rates in Different Plant Species.
The Impact of Noise Pollution on Avian Communication.
Analysis of Biological Controls for Invasive Species.
The Effects of Diet on the Gut Microbiota.
Understanding the Effect of Climate Change on Disease Vectors.
Exploring the Role of Genetics in Athletic Performance.
Effects of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Ecosystems.
The Impact of Urbanization on Local Bird Species.
Understanding the Relationship Between Sleep and Immune Function.
Studying the Effects of Air Pollution on Lichen Species.
The Role of Epigenetics in Aging.
The Effect of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on the Human Body.
Investigating the Biological Mechanisms of Meditation and Mindfulness.

It’s important to note that these are just examples of topics for your IB EE in Biology . You should choose a topic that interests you and that you can find enough information on.

Need help with your Biology extended essay?

From research and analysis to structuring and editing, our skilled mentors will be by your side, helping you craft an exceptional extended essay that not only meets the stringent IB criteria but also reflects your passion for Biology studies.

Additionally, it’s essential to consult with your supervisor to make sure the topic meets the requirements of the Extended Essay and that you have access to the necessary resources to complete the research.

Students can use these themes in their essays by researching and analyzing the specific topic, providing evidence and examples to support their claims, and discussing the implications and potential solutions to the issue at hand.

For example, in an essay on the effects of pollution on a particular species or ecosystem, a student could research the specific pollutants that are affecting the species or ecosystem, analyze the effects those pollutants are having, and discuss potential solutions to mitigate the pollution and its effects.

These are experiments students can use for Biology EE topics:

Looking at how pollution impacts a certain type of animal or plant: This would involve checking out pollution levels in a specific place, then watching to see how it affects your chosen species.
Understanding how certain genes affect a disease or characteristic: This would mean doing genetic tests to identify the genes involved, and potentially using genetic engineering techniques to change those genes and see what happens.
Comparing how a mammal and a bird work: You’d do experiments to see how your chosen mammal and bird are similar or different. You could look at things like brain structure, behaviour, and thinking abilities.
Exploring how climate change impacts a certain animal, plant, or ecosystem: This could involve experiments to see how changes in temperature, rain patterns, or CO2 levels affect your chosen species or ecosystem.
Studying how people’s actions affect how a species evolves: This might mean looking at how things like habitat destruction, hunting, or pollution impact a species’ genetic diversity and population.
Looking at how a certain plant works: You’d do experiments to see how the plant responds to things like light, temperature, or water.
Studying how well a medicinal plant works: You’d do experiments to see how good the plant is at killing or slowing the growth of microbes, or reducing pain or inflammation.
Comparing a certain animal in captivity and in the wild: You’d look at how being in captivity affects the animal’s body and how it works, and how it behaves.
Seeing how an invasive species affects an ecosystem: You’d study how your chosen invasive species impacts the growth, reproduction, and health of native species.
Studying how different fertilizers affect a plant: This could involve testing different types of fertilizers to see how they affect the plant’s growth rate, leaf size, and health.
Looking at how certain species interact: You’d do experiments to understand the relationship between the species. This could involve seeing what happens when you remove one species, or how different environments affect the relationship.
Studying how light affects a plant: This might mean doing experiments to see how different light conditions affect the plant’s growth, leaf size, and health.
Looking at how temperature affects a microorganism: You’d do experiments to see how different temperatures impact the microorganism’s growth rate, metabolism, and health.
Studying genetic diversity in a species: This could involve using genetic markers to identify genetic variations in the species, and then seeing how these variations affect the organism.
Looking at how pH levels affect a plant: You’d do experiments to see how different pH levels impact the plant’s growth, leaf size, and health.
Studying how people’s actions affect a species’ population: This might mean looking at how things like habitat destruction, hunting, or pollution impact the species’ population size, growth rate, and health.
Looking at how soil types affect a plant: This could involve doing experiments to see how different types of soil affect the plant’s growth, leaf size, and health.
Studying how pesticides affect a species: This might mean doing experiments to see how different pesticides impact the species’ growth, reproduction, and health.
Looking at how water conditions affect a plant: You’d do experiments to see how different water conditions (like availability, salt levels, or temperature) affect the plant’s growth, leaf size, and health.
Studying how ocean acidification affects a marine species: This could involve doing experiments to see how increasing acidity levels impact the species’ growth, reproduction, and health.

Additionally, in an essay on the comparative psychiatry of a specific mammal and bird, a student could research and compare the brain structures, behaviors, and cognitive abilities of the two species and discuss any similarities and differences found.

A student can ask for help from a writing service if they need assistance with their essay. This can bring several benefits to the student, such as:

Professional guidance . Writing services often have experienced writers and editors who can provide guidance on the essay topic and structure, as well as help with research and editing.
Improved quality . A writing service can help improve the overall quality of the essay, including grammar, punctuation, and formatting.
Better grades . With the help of a writing service, a student’s essay is likely to be of higher quality, which can lead to better grades.
Time-saving . A writing service can help save time as the student can focus on other responsibilities while the writing service works on the essay.
Customization . Writing services can also provide a customized service that can be tailored to the student’s specific needs and requirements.
Originality . Professional writers will provide original work that is free from plagiarism, which is important in academic writing.

It is important to note, however, that a student should always ensure that the writing service they use is reputable and that they review and understand the work they receive before submitting it as their own.

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

Biology Extended Essay Topics and RQs for IBDP

Table of contents

Writing Metier

It’s time for our exploration of Biology extended essay topics, a resource designed to spark your curiosity and guide your research interests in the vast and vibrant field of biology.

Whether you’re fascinated by the intricate workings of ecosystems or intrigued by the complexities of cellular processes, this article offers a diverse range of topics collected by expert academic writers to suit your interests.

NB! If you need assistance with your Biology assignments, you can use our biology essay writing service , which will surely assist you. Now, let’s get back to the main question of the article – BIO EE topic ideas.

Bio EE topic categories

List of biology extended essay topic categories I’ll cover in this article.

Impact of Urban Development on Local Ecosystems – Investigating the effects of urban expansion on biodiversity in a specific area.
Marine Biology and Ocean Acidification – Studying the impact of changing pH levels on marine life.
Invasive Species and Their Impact on Biodiversity – Analyzing how a particular invasive species has affected native wildlife.
Conservation Efforts for Endangered Species – Evaluating the effectiveness of current conservation strategies for a specific endangered species.
Climate Change and Its Effects on Ecosystems – Researching how a particular ecosystem has been impacted by climate change.
Nutrition and Diet’s Impact on Human Health – Exploring the effects of a specific diet on human health.
Exercise Physiology – Investigating how different types of exercise affect a particular aspect of human health.
Neurobiology of Sleep – Studying the effects of sleep patterns on cognitive functions.
Genetic Factors in Diseases – Exploring the role of genetics in the susceptibility to a specific disease.
Impact of Environmental Factors on Allergies – Analyzing how environmental changes have influenced the prevalence of allergies.
Gene Expression in Cancer Cells – Investigating how gene expression differs in cancerous versus normal cells.
Protein Synthesis and Its Regulation – Studying the regulation of protein synthesis in a specific organism or cell type.
Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine – Exploring the potential of stem cells in treating a specific condition.
Viral Replication and Host Interaction – Examining how a particular virus replicates and interacts with its host.
DNA Repair Mechanisms – Investigating the efficacy of different DNA repair mechanisms under various conditions.
Photosynthesis Variations Among Plant Species – Comparing photosynthetic efficiency in different plant species.
Impact of Climate Change on Plant Growth – Studying how changing climates affect the growth of a specific plant species.
Medicinal Properties of Plants – Investigating the medicinal properties of a specific plant.
Plant Defense Mechanisms Against Pathogens – Exploring how a particular plant species defends itself against pathogens.
Genetic Modification and Crop Improvement – Analyzing the impacts of genetic modification on a specific crop’s traits.
Social Behavior in Insects – Studying the social structures and behaviors of a specific insect species.
Bird Migration Patterns – Investigating the factors influencing migration patterns of a specific bird species.
Physiological Adaptations in Marine Mammals – Exploring adaptations that enable marine mammals to survive in their environments.
Impact of Environmental Stressors on Animal Behavior – Analyzing how specific stressors affect the behavior of a particular animal species.
Endocrine Regulation in Animals – Studying how the endocrine system regulates processes in a specific animal.
Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria – Investigating the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in a specific bacterial strain.
Use of Microorganisms in Bioremediation – Exploring the use of microorganisms in cleaning up environmental pollutants.
Genetic Engineering and Its Applications – Analyzing the applications and implications of genetic engineering in a specific field.
Role of Microbiome in Human Health – Studying how the human microbiome influences health and disease.
Yeast Fermentation and Its Industrial Applications – Investigating the fermentation process in yeast and its uses in industry.
Evolutionary Adaptations to Environmental Changes – Exploring how a particular species has adapted to environmental changes over time.
Genetic Diversity and Population Health – Studying the impact of genetic diversity on the health of a specific population.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance – Investigating the molecular mechanisms of inheritance in a specific organism.
Speciation and Genetic Drift – Analyzing the role of genetic drift in the speciation process.
Human Evolutionary Biology – Studying aspects of human evolution, such as the development of specific traits.

Every category and its subcategories provide a comprehensive overview, from the microscopic wonders of microbiology to the grand scale of evolutionary biology.

With the help of our IB writers team, I have managed to collect all these ideas for you, so I hope you will be enjoying this. I aim to inspire your investigative spirit and help you select a topic that satisfies the IB criteria and aligns with your passion for biology.

IB Bio extended essay topics

So, let’s begin with a list of IB Biology EE topics list.

Ecology and Environmental Science

I’m stoked to talk about Ecology and Environmental Science . It’s all about how living things interact with each other and their surroundings. Think of it like a complex dance of life, where every move affects the whole scene.

From the hustle and bustle of city ecosystems to the quiet, yet dynamic, world of marine biology, we’ll explore how these interactions shape our planet. We’ll also explore the hot topics of invasive species and their impacts, the heroic efforts in conservation, and the big elephant in the room – climate change.

So, let’s get ready to explore the intricate tapestry of life that makes our world fascinating!

Impact of Urban Development on Local Ecosystems

Research Question: How does the presence of urban green spaces affect bird species diversity in [City Name]?
Research Question: What impact do urban heat islands have on the behavior and distribution of [Specific Animal Species] in [City Name]?

Marine Biology and Ocean Acidification

Research Question: How does ocean acidification affect coral bleaching events in the [Specific Coral Reef Location]?
Research Question: What is the impact of increasing ocean acidification on the shell growth and survival of [Specific Shellfish Species]?

Invasive Species and Their Impact on Biodiversity

Research Question: What has been the impact of the invasive Zebra Mussel on native species in the Great Lakes?
Research Question: How do invasive plant species [Specify Species] affect the growth and survival of native plants in [Specific Region]?

Conservation Efforts for Endangered Species

Research Question: How effective have conservation strategies been in increasing the population of the Giant Panda in China?
Research Question: What are the impacts of anti-poaching measures on the survival of Rhinoceros populations in Africa?

Climate Change and Its Effects on Ecosystems

Research Question: How is the melting of Arctic sea ice affecting the habitat and migration patterns of polar bears?
Research Question: What are the effects of rising global temperatures on plant and animal life in the Alpine ecosystems?

Transitioning from the external world of Ecology and Environmental Science, we now turn to the internal intricacies of Human Physiology and Health.

This shift brings us from exploring external ecosystems to understanding our body’s inner workings, a world where lifestyle choices meet biological responses.

Human Physiology and Health

Let’s chat about Human Physiology and Health, the amazing science of how our bodies work and how we keep them ticking. We’re diving headfirst into the world of nutrition and diet – what you eat isn’t just about taste, it’s about your health too!

Then, we’ll check out how exercise, that thing we all know we should do more of, affects our bodies in awesome ways. Ever wondered about the science of sleep and how it messes with your brain when you don’t catch enough Z’s? We’ll cover that, along with the mysteries of genetics in diseases, and how our environment plays a sneaky role in triggering allergies.

It’s going to be an eye-opening ride through the wonders of our bodies!

Nutrition and Diet’s Impact on Human Health

Research Question: How does adherence to the Mediterranean diet affect cardiovascular health indicators in adults?
Research Question: What is the impact of a long-term vegan diet on nutrient absorption and health in teenagers?

Exercise Physiology

Research Question: How does HIIT affect cardiovascular fitness in young adults?
Research Question: What are the effects of regular yoga practice on stress and anxiety levels in college students?

Neurobiology of Sleep

Research Question: How does sleep deprivation impact cognitive performance and memory in high school students?
Research Question: What is the relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance in IB students?

Genetic Factors in Diseases

Research Question: How do specific genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?
Research Question: What is the contribution of genetics to the onset of Type 2 Diabetes in populations with high prevalence rates?

Impact of Environmental Factors on Allergies

Research Question: What is the correlation between air pollution levels and the prevalence of respiratory allergies in urban children?
Research Question: How has climate change influenced the prevalence and severity of allergic diseases in [Specific Region]?

Moving from Human Physiology and Health, we zoom into the realm of Cellular and Molecular Biology.

Here, we swap the broader human health perspective for a closer look at life’s building blocks, delving into the microscopic universe that operates within every living being.

Cellular and Molecular Biology

Ready to geek out on Cellular and Molecular Biology? This is where we get down to the nitty-gritty of life – the cells and molecules that make up every living thing.

We’re talking about the big bad world of cancer cells and what makes them tick, the fascinating process of how our cells make proteins, and the cutting-edge stuff like stem cell research and how viruses play a game of cat and mouse with our bodies.

Meanwhile, make sure also to check our article with biology research paper topics for all students.

Plus, we’ll unravel the mysteries of how our cells fix their own DNA. It’s like being a detective, but for biology. Trust me, it’s cooler than it sounds!

Gene Expression in Cancer Cells

Research Question: How does gene expression in breast cancer cells differ from that in normal breast tissue?
Research Question: What role do specific oncogenes play in the development of colorectal cancer?

Protein Synthesis and Its Regulation

Research Question: How is protein synthesis regulated in response to physical exercise in human muscle cells?
Research Question: How do bacterial cells regulate protein synthesis under environmental stress conditions?

Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine

Research Question: What is the potential of stem cell therapy in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease?
Research Question: How can stem cells be used to repair damaged heart tissue?

Viral Replication and Host Interaction

Research Question: How does HIV replicate within human cells, and what is its impact on the immune system?
Research Question: How does the Influenza virus adapt to host immune responses over time?

DNA Repair Mechanisms

Research Question: How do DNA repair mechanisms change as human cells age?
Research Question: How effective are DNA repair mechanisms in skin cells exposed to different levels of UV radiation?

After diving into the microcosm of cells and molecules, we transition to Plant Biology.

This shift steers us from the foundations of life at the cellular level to the diverse world of plants, exploring how these organisms harness and embody basic biological principles.

Plant Biology

Let’s dive into the world of Plant Biology! Plants are not just pretty to look at; they’re the backbone of all life on Earth.

We’ll be talking about how they turn sunlight into food – a process that’s as important as it is fascinating. Ever wonder how plants are coping with our changing climate or what superpowers medicinal plants have? We’ve got that covered.

We’ll also explore the secret life of plants, how they defend themselves against enemies, and the science behind making them stronger and better through genetic modification.

It’s time to get our hands dirty and uncover the secrets of the plant world!

Photosynthesis Variations Among Plant Species

Research Question: How does photosynthetic efficiency compare between C3 and C4 plants under varying light conditions?
Research Question: What is the effect of varying light intensities on the rate of photosynthesis in [Specific Aquatic Plant Species]?

Impact of Climate Change on Plant Growth

Research Question: How are Arctic tundra plants adapting their growth patterns in response to global warming?
Research Question: What is the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 levels on the growth of [Specific Plant Species]?

Medicinal Properties of Plants

Research Question: What are the anti-inflammatory properties of [Specific Medicinal Plant] and how can they be harnessed?
Research Question: What is the antioxidant capacity of different herbal teas, and how does it affect human health?

Plant Defense Mechanisms Against Pathogens

Research Question: How do [Specific Plant Species] defend themselves against fungal infections?
Research Question: What role do secondary metabolites play in the defense mechanisms of [Specific Plant Species] against herbivores?

Genetic Modification and Crop Improvement

Research Question: How effective are genetically modified crops in resisting drought conditions compared to traditional varieties?
Research Question: What is the impact of genetic modification on the nutrient content of [Specific Crop]?

From the stationary life of plants, we now step into the dynamic world of Animal Behavior and Physiology. This change of scene introduces us to the complex behaviors and physiological adaptations of animals, offering a contrasting perspective to plant biology.

Animal Behavior and Physiology

Let’s jump into the wild and wonderful world of Animal Behavior and Physiology. This is where we get to spy on the animal kingdom and learn about their secret lives.

From the social gossip of insects to the globe-trotting adventures of migratory birds, animals have some amazing stories to tell.

We’ll also look at how marine animals have adapted to their deep and mysterious homes, how animals respond when their environment goes bonkers, and the hormonal soap operas that dictate their lives.

It’s like being a fly on the wall in the most interesting nature documentary ever!

Social Behavior in Insects

Research Question: How does the social structure of honeybee colonies affect their survival and productivity?
Research Question: What are the primary communication mechanisms used in ant colonies, and how do they impact colony efficiency?

Bird Migration Patterns

Research Question: How has climate change affected the migration routes of [Specific Bird Species]?
Research Question: How do magnetic fields influence the migration patterns of [Specific Bird Species]?

Physiological Adaptations in Marine Mammals

Research Question: What physiological adaptations allow sperm whales to dive to extreme depths?
Research Question: How do polar bears regulate their body temperature in the Arctic environment?

Impact of Environmental Stressors on Animal Behavior

Research Question: How does underwater noise pollution affect the behavior and communication of dolphins?
Research Question: What are the effects of urban light pollution on the nocturnal activities of [Specific Nocturnal Animal Species]?

Endocrine Regulation in Animals

Research Question: How do hormones regulate the reproductive behaviors in [Specific Bird Species]?
Research Question: How do stress-induced cortisol levels affect the behavior of [Specific Wild Animal Species] in their natural habitat?

Leaving the observable world of animals, we enter the less visible but equally important sphere of Microbiology and Biotechnology. This transition takes us from larger life forms to the microscopic, where tiny organisms significantly impact our health, environment, and technology.

Microbiology and Biotechnology

Alright, microbe hunters and tech wizards, it’s time to zoom in on Microbiology and Biotechnology. This is the world of the tiny, where bacteria and viruses hang out, and where science meets innovation .

We’re going to explore the battleground of antibiotic resistance, how we can use tiny organisms to clean up our messes, and the mind-blowing possibilities of genetic engineering.

Ever thought about how your gut buddies – the microbiome – affect your health? We’ll get into that too, along with the yeast party that’s behind some of your favorite bread and beverages.

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Research Question: What factors have contributed to the rise of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals?
Research Question: What are the primary mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains found in [Specific Environment]?

Use of Microorganisms in Bioremediation

Research Question: How effective are specific bacterial species in the bioremediation of oil spills?
Research Question: What is the effectiveness of using fungi in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals?

Genetic Engineering and Its Applications

Research Question: What is the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in preventing genetic diseases?
Research Question: How has genetic engineering been used to enhance the nutritional quality of [Specific Crop]?

Role of Microbiome in Human Health

Research Question: What is the relationship between the gut microbiome and obesity in adults?
Research Question: How does the diversity of the human microbiome affect immune system functioning?

Yeast Fermentation and Its Industrial Applications

Research Question: How efficient is yeast fermentation in the production of biofuels compared to traditional methods?
Research Question: How do different yeast strains affect the flavor profiles in beer brewing?

Finally, we shift from the practical applications in Microbiology and Biotechnology to the historical narrative of Evolution and Genetics. This move links present-day biological understanding to the historical journey of life, unraveling how genetic heritage and evolutionary processes shape all living things.

Evolution and Genetics

Ready to unravel the tales of Evolution and Genetics? This is where we figure out how life on Earth got to be as diverse and fantastic as it is. We’ll be exploring the incredible adaptations organisms have made to survive and thrive, how genetic diversity is crucial for the health of species, and the molecular secrets behind inheritance.

Ever pondered how new species come into being or what genetics reveal about our own ancient history ? Well, you’re in for a treat. We’re about to walk through time and genes to discover the roots and branches of the tree of life. Buckle up!

Evolutionary Adaptations to Environmental Changes

Research Question: What evolutionary adaptations have enabled cacti to thrive in harsh desert environments?
Research Question: How have Galápagos finches undergone adaptive radiation in response to their environment?

Genetic Diversity and Population Health

Research Question: How does genetic diversity affect the health and survival of animal populations on isolated islands?
Research Question: How can conservation genetics be used to enhance the survival prospects of [Specific Endangered Species]?

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Research Question: What is the molecular basis of inheritance for Sickle Cell Anemia?
Research Question: How can mitochondrial DNA be used to trace maternal lineage in human populations?

Speciation and Genetic Drift

Research Question: What role has genetic drift played in the speciation of cichlids in Lake Victoria?
Research Question: How does genetic drift affect the genetic diversity of small, isolated animal populations?

Human Evolutionary Biology

Research Question: What evolutionary factors contributed to the development of bipedalism in early humans?
Research Question: What are the key genetic adaptations that enable humans to live at high altitudes?

These topics and questions aim to inspire in-depth exploration and research, allowing students to delve into various aspects of biology, from molecular to ecosystem levels.

Use them as an inspiration for your future Ib extended essay.

Select your topic wisely!

The world of biology is rich with diverse topics suitable for an Extended Essay. From the tiny intricacies of cellular biology to the broad complexities of environmental science, each area offers a unique perspective and a chance for in-depth exploration .

The key to a successful essay is choosing a topic that not only interests you but also challenges your analytical and research skills.

Need Extra Support?

If you’re seeking guidance with your topic selection, or if you need assistance in writing or editing your Biology Extended Essay , our team at Writing Metier is here to help.

Our experienced IB writers are equipped to provide the support you need to refine your ideas and enhance your writing. Contact us for personalized assistance, or simply fill out our online order form with details of your IB EE and ensure your essay is a reflection of your best efforts.

Free topic suggestions

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Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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Lasker Essay Contest

Medical Student Education Mar 18, 2024

The Lasker Essay Contest—open for submissions now—engages early career scientists and clinicians from the US and around the globe in a discussion about big questions in biology and medicine and the role of biomedical research in our society today. It aims to build skills in communicating important medical and scientific issues to broad audiences.

The topic for this year is: Identify a specific unmet need in biomedical knowledge or a scientific question that is insufficiently addressed in biomedical research today.

The deadline to submit all materials is 2 pm ET on April 2.

Winners are named in mid-July.

Eligibility Open to:

M edical school students, interns, residents, and fellows;
Doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows in biomedical sciences; and
Graduate students training in health professions programs, such as public health, dental, pharmacy, etc., currently doing research.

Applicants (from the US or any other country) must be a current participate in an educational program.

Prizes Winners will receive up to $5,000. Monetary prizes will be directed to the winner’s university and used towards the winner’s educational expenses. Lasker Essay Contest

Medical Student Education

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Biology KCSE Essay Questions and Answers Paper 2; Over 1,000

KCSE BIOLOGY PAPPER TWO 231/2 -ESSAYS FROM 1995 -2023

a). Describe how insect pollinated flowers are adapted to pollination ( KCSE1995)

Progesterone
Luteinizinghormone
Describe how excretion takes place in: ( KCSE1995)
MammalianKidneys
Greenplants
a).Explainhowthemammalianskinisadaptedtoperformitsfunctions (20marks; KCSE 1996)

b). Describe how new plants arise by asexual reproduction (20 marks; KCSE 1996)

a). What is parasitism? (KCSE1997)

b). Describe how the tapeworm is adapted to a parasitic mode of life (KCSE 1997)

a). What is meant by the term digestion? (KCSE1997 )

b). Describe how the mammalian small intestine is adapted to its function (KCSE 1997)

Discuss the various evidences, which show that evolution has taken place (20 marks; KCSE 1998)
Explain how the mammalian intestines are adapted to perform their function (20 marks; KCSE 1998)
a). Describethe:
Process of inhalation in mammals ( KCSE 1999)
Mechanisms of opening and closing of stomata in plants (KCSE1999)

b). Explain how the various activities of man have caused pollution of air (20 marks; KCSE 1999)

a). Describe the role of hormones in the human menstrual cycle (20 marks; KCSE2000)

b). How are leaves of mesophytes suited to their functions (20 marks; KCSE 2000)

a). State the functions of the following parts of the mammalian ear; (KCSE2001)
Tympanicmembrane
Eustachiantube
Earossicles

b). Describe how semicircular canals perform their functions (KCSE 2001 )

a). Describe the process of fertilization in a flowering plant ( KCSE2001)

b). State the change that take place in a flower after fertilization ( KCSE 2001)

a). Describe the role of hormones in the growth and development of plants (20 marks; KCSE 2002)
a). Name three types of skeletons found in multicellular animals ( KCSE2002)

b). Describe how the cervical, lumbar and sacral vertebrae are suited to their functions

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(KCSE 2002)

a). Describe the functions of the various parts of the human eye (20 marks; KCSE2003)

1 | P a ge

(b). Describe how fruits and seeds are suited to their modes of dispersal (20 marks; KCSE 2003)

a). How is the mammalian skin adapted to its functions? (20 marks; KCSE2004)

b). Explain how a biotic factors affect plants (20 marks; KCSE 2004)

a). Describe how gaseous exchange takes place in terrestrial plants (20 marks; KCSE2005)

b). How is the human eye adapted to its function? (20 marks; KCSE 2005)

a). Describe how human kidney functions (20 marks; KCSE2006)

b).Describehowwatermovesfromthesoiltotheleavesinatree (20marks; KCSE2006)

a). Describe the structure and functions of the various parts of the human ear (20 marks; KCSE 2007 )

b). Describe causes and methods of controlling water pollution (20 marks; KCSE 2007 )

Describe the nitrogen cycle (20 marks; KCSE2008)
a). State four characteristics of gaseous exchangesurfaces

b). Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a mammal (16 marks; KCSE 2008)

a). How are flowers adapted to wind and insect pollination? (20 marks; KCSE2009 )

b). Describe the role of the liver in homeostasis in the human body (20 marks; KCSE2009)

a). Describe the process of fertilization in flowering plants (20 marks; KCSE2010)

b). Describe how a finned fish such as tilapia moves in water (20 marks; KCSE 2010)

a). Describe the exoskeleton and its function in insects (13 marks; KCSE2011)

b). Describe how accommodation in the human eye is brought about when focusing on a near object (7 marks; KCSE 2011)

Using a relevant example in each case, describe simple and conditional reflex action (20 marks; KCSE2012)
a).Usingarelevantexample,describehowanallergicreactionoccursinahumanbeing

(10 marks; KCSE 2012)

b).Describehowenvironmentalfactorsincreasetherateoftranspirationinterrestrialplants

a). Describe the process of blood clotting in human beings (10 marks; KCSE2013 )

b).Howarerespiratorysurfacesinmammalsadaptedtotheirfunctions? (10marks; KCSE 2013)

Describe the role of the following organs in excretion andhomeostasis
The liver (10 marks; KCSE2013)
The skin during hot environmental conditions (10 marks; KCSE2013 )
a). Explain how each of the following factors affect the rate ofphotosynthesis:
Temperature (2 marks; KCSE2014)
Chlorophyll concentration (2 marks; KCSE2014 )

b). Describe the process of carbohydrate digestion in human beings (16 marks; KCSE2014)

a). How does excretion take place in plants (4 marks; KCSE2014)

b). Describe the role of the human skin in homeostasis (16 marks; KCSE 2014)

a).Explainthevariouswaysinwhichseedsandfruitsareadaptedtodispersal (20marks; KCSE 2015)

b). How is a mammalian heart structurally adapted to its function? (20 marks; KCSE2015)

2 | P a ge

(a).Usingarelevantexampleineachcase,describesimpleandconditionalreflexaction

(20 marks; KCSE 2016)

b). Describe how the mammalian heart is structurally adapted to its function (20 marks; KCSE 2016)

a ) Explain the importance of protecting the forest ecosystem with reference to the following (20 marks; KCSE 2017 )
a) Climate change
b) Biodiversity

c)Biotechnology

d)Water conservation

e) Pollution
b) Describe how a mammalian eye is structurally adapted to its functions (20 marks)
a) Describe the mode reproduction in a named fungus (5 marks)
b) Describe the roles of hormones in the menstrual cycle (15 marks; KCSE 2018 )
a) Giving examples, describe the following among organisms (20marks; KCSE 2019 )
Predator-prey relationship
b) Explain the effect of increased physical activity on the following organ system (20 marks)
a)(i)Explain the role of the liver in blood regulation (3 marks ; KCSE 2020)
Describe how a mammalian heart is adapted to its functions (17 marks)
b) (i) Explain how the presence of chloroplast in guard cell affect the opening of the stomata (5marks)

(ii) Describe how various environmental factors affect the rate of photosynthesis (15marks)

a) (i) Explain the role of placenta during pregnancy(10 marks) ( KCSE 2021)
ii) Explain features and mechanisms that hinder self pollination and self fertilization(10 marks)

b)( i) Describe how xylem is structurally adapted to its functions (5marks)

(ii) Describe the functions of mammalian blood in the human body(15 marks)

a i) Describe how plants eliminate waste products(8 marks; KCSE2022 )

ii)Describe the structure and function of mammalian nephron (12marks)

b) i. Describe five tropic responses and their survival values (15marks)

ii)Describe how mammalian heartbeat is controlled (5mks)

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CBSE Class 12 Biology Exam 2024: Download FREE Important Questions PDF

Cbse 12th important questions biology: the cbse class 12 biology exam 2024 is on march 19. there is not much time left for students to search for important resources and prepare for the exam. thus, check out this article to get all the important questions in one place, along with other important resources like mind maps and revision notes. .

Types of Questions Asked in CBSE Class 12 Biology Board Exam

The CBSE Class 12 Biology exam covers many topics and asks questions in different ways to see if you understand them. Here's what kinds of questions you might get:

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): These are questions where you have to pick the right answer from a few choices. They check if you know basic facts.
Assertion-Reasoning: These questions see if you can think about and understand information. You're given a statement and a reason for it. You have to decide if both are true or if the statement is true but the reason isn't a good explanation.
Fill in the blanks: These questions test if you know important words and ideas. You get a sentence with a space, and you have to fill in the missing word or phrase. These are the types of questions which are rarely asked in CBSE 12 Biology papers. If you will find any FIB questions, those will be in the form of MCQs.
Very short answer questions: These ask for short explanations or just one-word answers, like defining something quickly.
Short answer questions: These need a bit more explaining. You might have to give examples or describe something in more detail, like drawing a picture or explaining how something works.
Essay type questions: These ask you to show how well you really understand something and if you can explain it clearly. They might want you to talk about a topic, look at an experiment, think about how a biological idea can be used, or suggest ways to solve problems in biology.
Case-based questions: These give you a story or situation about biology. You have to read it carefully, use what you know, and answer questions about it.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Important Questions

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CBSE Class 12 Additional Practice Questions 2024

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PDF Biology Essay Questions And Answers
KCSE BIOLOGY BIOLOGY ESSAY QUESTIONS WITH MARK SCHEMES 1. Explain the various ways in which a typical cell is adapted to its functions Has a cell membrane; with pores; that regulates substances entering and leaving the cell; cytoplasm; contain sugars and salts; for maintaining its osmotic pressure; also has a liquid
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97 Biology Essay Topics & Research Titles at StudyCorgi
These essay examples and topics on Biology were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you're using them to write your assignment.
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160 Biology Essay Topics. For most science courses, assignments are generally lab-based and rarely require much writing. However, all of that changes in biology courses when detailed essays must be written to highlight a student's understanding of the subject. These essays are highly technical, with specific comments required to meet the ...
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20 More Biology Extended Essay Topics. The impact of environmental factors on the growth and development of plants. Investigating the effectiveness of different types of natural remedies in treating common ailments. The role of genetics in determining human intelligence. Analyzing the effects of pollution on aquatic ecosystems.
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The AP Biology exam used to consist of eight long-form free response questions, but in 2019 it was redesigned to consist of only six free response questions. Two of those questions are in the "short" form, and these consist of 50% of the free response score, or 25% of your total score. Long story short, those four questions may not be as ...
Biology Essay Topics: 50+ Ideas for Your Next Project
A Biological essay is a technical piece of assignment that requires careful topic selection, structure, and writing. So if your teacher hasn't given you a title for the essay, you should tread carefully when choosing topics.. In this post, we share with you a list of 50+ Biology related ideas, which you may find useful and equally interesting during the brainstorming stage.
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The introduction finishes with the thesis. It is your research question or the statement you're going to develop in the body paragraphs. In other words, you should synthesize the overall essay, meaning just in one sentence. It will explain to your readers what the paper is about and your point of view.
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Biology Extended Essay Topics
Biology EE Topics | 40 Ideas. Luke MacQuoid. January 24, 2023. There are many potential topics for a biology Extended Essay (EE) in the International Baccalaureate (IB) program. Topic Ideas. Some possibilities include the following: The effects of pollution on a particular species or ecosystem. The genetic basis of a specific disease or trait.
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List of biology extended essay topic categories I'll cover in this article. Ecology and Environmental Science. Impact of Urban Development on Local Ecosystems - Investigating the effects of urban expansion on biodiversity in a specific area. Marine Biology and Ocean Acidification - Studying the impact of changing pH levels on marine life.
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Biology KCSE Essay Questions and Answers Paper 2; Over 1,000
BIOLOGY KCSE MARKING AND SETTING TIPS IN LINE WITH EMERGING TRENDS. Biology topical questions and answers. Biology KCSE Past Papers and all marking schemes free downloads. Biology free lesson plans for all topics (Form one to four) CBC Senior School Subjects (Grade 10, 11, 12) CRE free lesson plans for all topics (Form one to four)
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