sex education in the philippines essay

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Empowering Change: Sex Education In The Philippines

Did you know that in the Philippines , a lack of comprehensive sex education leaves many young adults ill-equipped to make informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being? Despite government initiatives , the implementation of sex education programs has been ineffective, resulting in limited access to reproductive health education and responsible sexual behavior guidance.

In a society deeply rooted in social norms and gender inequality , it is crucial to challenge common beliefs surrounding sex education and its importance. Are age-appropriate sex education and promoting safer sex practices the keys to empowering individuals and promoting gender equality ? How can comprehensive sexuality education address the high rates of teen pregnancy and limited access to reproductive healthcare services?

In this article, we delve into the challenges faced by the Philippines regarding sex education and explore the government’s initiatives, the impact of gender inequality and violence , the role of consent and responsible sexual behavior , and the benefits of comprehensive sexuality education . Join us in unraveling the complexities of sex education in the Philippines and the potential it holds for empowering change.

Key Takeaways:

• Sex education in the Philippines is limited, resulting in a lack of access to reproductive health education and responsible sexual behavior guidance.
• The impact of gender inequality and violence contributes to the high rates of teen pregnancy and limits women’s control over their sexual health .
• Age-appropriate sex education and promoting safer sex practices play important roles in empowering individuals and promoting gender equality .
• Comprehensive sexuality education can address the challenges of teen pregnancy and limited access to reproductive healthcare services.
• Effective implementation, teacher training , and community support are essential for successful sex education programs.

The Impact of Gender Inequality and Violence

Gender inequality and violence significantly affect women’s control over their sexual health in the Philippines. These factors hinder women’s choices and limit their access to information and services related to reproductive health . The prevalent gender inequality and violence contribute to high rates of teen pregnancy and create barriers to comprehensive sex education.

“Gender-based violence is both a cause and a consequence of gender inequality. It perpetuates harmful norms and undermines women’s autonomy and agency. Addressing gender inequality is crucial to promote women’s control over their sexual and reproductive health .” – UN Women

Gender inequality encompasses discriminatory practices, unequal power dynamics, and societal norms that restrict women’s agency and decision-making power. In the context of sexual health, it manifests through limited access to reproductive healthcare services, educational opportunities, and employment prospects.

Violence against women further exacerbates the challenges in exercising control over sexual health. Physical and sexual violence perpetuates a culture of fear and coercion, restricting women’s ability to make informed choices about their bodies. It also creates barriers to seeking sexual health services and support, as women may fear judgment, blame, or further violence.

The consequences of gender inequality and violence are particularly evident in the high rates of teen pregnancy in the Philippines. Without comprehensive sex education and access to contraception , young women are more vulnerable to unintended pregnancies and potential health risks.

Addressing gender inequality and violence is pivotal to empowering women and promoting their control over reproductive health . By challenging societal norms, advocating for gender equality , and providing comprehensive support services, the Philippines can create an environment that enables women to make informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being.

• Gender inequality and violence restrict women’s control over their sexual health.
• High rates of teen pregnancy in the Philippines can be attributed to the prevalence of gender inequality and violence.
• Addressing gender inequality and violence is crucial for promoting women’s agency and control over reproductive health decisions.

Teen Pregnancy in the Philippines

Teen pregnancy is a significant issue in the Philippines, with many young women facing limited choices regarding their reproductive decisions. The lack of access to contraception and maternal care further exacerbates this problem. Despite the passage of a law in 2012 to ensure universal access to these services, the effective implementation has proven to be a challenge.

The high rates of teen pregnancy in the country can be attributed to the barriers that young women encounter when trying to access reproductive healthcare. Without proper contraception and maternal care , these young women face increased risks to their health and well-being.

Addressing teen pregnancy requires comprehensive strategies that prioritize healthcare access and education. By providing young individuals with the necessary information and resources , we can empower them to make informed choices regarding their reproductive health.

“Ensuring universal access to contraception and maternal care is crucial in addressing the issue of teen pregnancy. It is not only a matter of healthcare but also a matter of empowering young women to have control over their bodies and futures.”

The implementation of effective sex education programs plays a vital role in preventing teen pregnancy. By equipping young individuals with knowledge about contraception methods and safe sexual practices, we can empower them to make responsible decisions.

Challenges in Accessing Healthcare and Contraception

The lack of access to reproductive healthcare services and contraception is a significant barrier for young women in the Philippines. Many factors contribute to this issue, including limited availability of healthcare facilities, cultural and societal norms, and financial constraints. These barriers result in limited choices for young women and contribute to the high rates of teen pregnancy.

Moreover, the stigma surrounding adolescent sexual activity and contraceptive use further hinders access to healthcare services. Fear of judgment or discrimination prevents many young individuals from seeking the necessary support and resources they need to prevent unintended pregnancies.

Improving Healthcare Access and Awareness

To address the issue of teen pregnancy, it is crucial to improve healthcare access and raise awareness about contraception methods. This can be achieved through:

• Expanding healthcare services and facilities in underserved areas
• Providing affordable or free contraception to young individuals
• Implementing comprehensive sex education programs in schools
• Training healthcare providers to offer non-judgmental and youth-friendly services
• Creating awareness campaigns to reduce stigma and promote reproductive health

By addressing the barriers to healthcare access and promoting awareness, we can make significant progress in reducing the rates of teen pregnancy in the Philippines.

Government Initiatives on Sex Education

The Philippine government recognizes the importance of comprehensive sex education and has taken significant steps to address this issue. In 2012, a law was passed to ensure universal access to sex education, contraception, and maternal care. These government initiatives aim to equip individuals with comprehensive knowledge about sexual health and responsibility.

However, the effective implementation of these initiatives faces several challenges. Cultural and societal norms, lack of resources , and resistance from certain groups hinder the progress of sex education programs in the country. Despite these challenges, the government remains committed to improving the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education.

As the government continues its efforts to overcome implementation challenges , it is crucial to highlight the benefits of sex education and its impact on individuals and communities. By providing comprehensive sex education, the government empowers individuals to make informed decisions , promotes responsible sexual behavior, and reduces the risks of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

Furthermore, the comprehensive sexuality education curriculum should address the diverse needs of students and encourage discussions about consent , gender equality, and safer sex practices. This will foster a supportive and inclusive learning environment that promotes positive sexual health outcomes.

“Comprehensive sex education equips individuals with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions about their sexual health, fostering a society that values consent , respects gender equality, and prioritizes the well-being of its citizens.”

The government’s commitment to sex education is a vital step towards empowering individuals and improving sexual health outcomes in the Philippines. By addressing implementation challenges , such as providing adequate resources and training , comprehensive sexuality education can become a cornerstone of the educational system, benefiting individuals and society as a whole.

Government Initiatives on Sex Education - Implementation Challenges:

• Cultural and societal norms that inhibit open discussions about sex education
• Lack of resources for comprehensive sex education programs
• Resistance from certain groups with differing beliefs and values

Government Initiatives on Sex Education - Solutions:

• Increasing awareness and advocacy for comprehensive sex education
• Allocating sufficient resources for training and program implementation
• Engaging community leaders and stakeholders to promote acceptance and support for sex education

Government Initiatives on Sex Education - Benefits:

The Importance of Age-Appropriate Sex Education

Age-appropriate sex education is a critical component of reproductive health in the Philippines. It is essential to provide young individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to make responsible choices regarding their sexual behavior. Comprehensive sexuality education should be integrated into the educational curriculum , taking into account the developmental stages and needs of students.

By implementing age-appropriate sex education, the country can empower young people to navigate their sexual health with confidence and make informed decisions. It equips them with the necessary information about reproductive health, contraception, consent, and relationships, fostering a culture of responsible sexual behavior.

Benefits of Age-Appropriate Sex Education:

• Enhances students’ understanding of their bodies and reproductive health.
• Promotes healthy relationships and responsible sexual behavior.
• Reduces the risk of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Empowers individuals to make informed decisions about contraception and family planning.
• Fosters gender equality and respect for diversity.
• Improves communication skills and promotes open dialogue about sexual health.

By integrating age-appropriate sex education into the educational curriculum , the Philippines can ensure that young individuals have access to accurate, comprehensive, and inclusive information. It is essential to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate their sexual health, promote healthy relationships, and make informed choices throughout their lives.

“Age-appropriate sex education empowers young individuals to make responsible choices regarding their sexual behavior.”

Consent and Responsible Sexual Behavior

In sex education, one crucial aspect to address is the importance of consent and fostering responsible sexual behavior. By promoting the understanding of consent and advocating for gender equality, sex education programs can play a vital role in preventing sexual misconduct and fostering healthy and respectful relationships.

Teaching individuals about consent is essential in empowering them to make informed decisions about their bodies and relationships. Consent is the foundation of any healthy sexual relationship, ensuring that all parties involved are willing and enthusiastic participants. By emphasizing the importance of obtaining and giving clear, enthusiastic consent, sex education can help individuals recognize and respect boundaries, thereby reducing instances of sexual misconduct.

“Consent is a fundamental aspect of responsible sexual behavior. It requires communication, respect for boundaries, and a recognition of individual autonomy. By educating individuals about consent, we can create a culture of respect and empowerment.”

Additionally, sex education programs can actively promote gender equality, challenging traditional gender roles and stereotypes. By emphasizing the equal value and agency of all genders, sex education can contribute to a more equitable society. Reducing gender disparities and promoting gender equality is not only crucial for preventing sexual misconduct but also for fostering healthy relationships built on mutual respect and understanding.

Sex education should also address responsible sexual behavior, which encompasses various aspects, including practicing safe sex, understanding the importance of regular check-ups, and discussing contraception methods. By equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills to make responsible choices, sex education programs can help prevent unintended pregnancies, reduce the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and promote overall sexual health and well-being.

By integrating consent education and promoting responsible sexual behavior into sex education programs, we can lay the foundation for a society that values consent, respects boundaries, and ensures gender equality. Empowering individuals with knowledge and skills in these areas is crucial for building a healthier and safer future for everyone.

Promoting Safer Sex Practices

Sex education plays a vital role in promoting safer sex practices in the Philippines. By providing comprehensive information about contraception, STD prevention , and HIV prevention , sex education programs can empower individuals to make informed choices regarding their sexual health. Promoting safer sex practices is crucial for reducing the rates of teen pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the country.

One key aspect of promoting safer sex practices is educating individuals about contraception. By providing information on various contraceptive methods, their effectiveness, and how to access them, sex education programs enable individuals to make informed decisions about preventing unintended pregnancies. This knowledge empowers young people to take control of their reproductive health and plan their futures accordingly.

Additionally, sex education programs play a crucial role in raising awareness about HIV prevention and the importance of practicing safe sex. By providing accurate information about how HIV is transmitted and teaching the proper use of condoms, these programs help individuals protect themselves and their partners. They also educate about other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and emphasize the importance of regular testing and treatment.

Key Points:

• Comprehensive sex education programs promote safer sex practices in the Philippines
• Information about contraception empowers individuals to make informed decisions about preventing unintended pregnancies
• Educating about HIV prevention and safe sex practices helps reduce the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Regular testing and treatment for STIs are emphasized as important components of sexual health care

By promoting safer sex practices through comprehensive sex education, the Philippines can address the challenges of teen pregnancy and the spread of STIs. Equipped with knowledge, individuals are empowered to make responsible choices regarding their sexual health, leading to healthier and safer communities.

The Role of Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Comprehensive sexuality education plays a vital role in empowering individuals in the Philippines to make informed decisions about their reproductive health. It provides comprehensive knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, including rights and responsibilities.

Through comprehensive sexuality education, individuals gain a deeper understanding of their bodies, relationships, and the importance of consent. They learn about contraception methods, sexually transmitted infections, and how to practice safe and responsible sexual behavior.

By improving knowledge, attitudes , and behaviors related to sexual health, comprehensive sexuality education contributes to improved health outcomes. It equips individuals with the necessary information and skills to make responsible choices regarding their sexual behavior, reducing risks such as unplanned pregnancies and the spread of sexually transmitted infections.

“Comprehensive sexuality education helps individuals gain comprehensive knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, which empowers them to make informed decisions and take control of their sexual well-being.” – Dr. Maria Santos, reproductive health expert.

Benefits of Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Comprehensive sexuality education offers numerous benefits to individuals, communities, and society as a whole. Some of the key benefits include:

• Improved knowledge and awareness of sexual health
• Promotion of responsible sexual behavior
• Reduction of risky behaviors
• Empowerment of individuals to make informed decisions
• Reduction of vulnerabilities related to sexual health

By providing comprehensive information and skills, sexuality education enables individuals to navigate their sexual lives with confidence, respect, and responsibility.

Comprehensive sexuality education is an essential tool in promoting reproductive health, ensuring the well-being and empowerment of individuals and communities in the Philippines.

Government Policies on Sex Education

The Philippine government recognizes the importance of comprehensive sexuality education and has implemented policies to address this need. Two key policies are Republic Act 10354 and DepEd Order #31 .

Republic Act 10354: Mandating Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Republic Act 10354 , also known as the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012, plays a crucial role in ensuring young people in the Philippines receive accurate and age-appropriate information about sexual and reproductive health. This law mandates the delivery of comprehensive sexuality education for youth across educational institutions in the country.

“The passage of Republic Act 10354 is a significant step towards empowering the youth with the knowledge and skills they need to make informed decisions about their sexual health.” – Department of Health

With the implementation of Republic Act 10354, young individuals are provided with comprehensive information about sexual and reproductive health, contraception methods, responsible sexual behavior, and gender equality. This empowers them to make informed decisions and promotes positive sexual health outcomes.

DepEd Order #31: Guidelines for Implementation

DepEd Order #31 , issued by the Department of Education, provides specific guidelines for the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education in schools. These guidelines ensure that educators deliver age-appropriate and evidence-based content, taking into account the needs and developmental stages of students.

“DepEd Order #31 aims to equip educators with the necessary tools and strategies to deliver comprehensive sexuality education effectively, creating a safe and inclusive learning environment for all students.” – Department of Education

DepEd Order #31 emphasizes the importance of providing accurate information, promoting gender equality, developing critical thinking skills, and fostering a supportive classroom environment. It supports the overall goal of comprehensive sexuality education in empowering young individuals to make responsible choices regarding their sexual health.

By implementing Republic Act 10354 and DepEd Order #31, the Philippine government is taking significant steps to ensure that comprehensive sexuality education becomes an integral part of the educational system. These policies aim to equip young individuals with the knowledge and skills they need to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health, ultimately promoting healthier lives and empowered futures.

Comprehensive sexuality education provides numerous benefits to individuals and communities in the Philippines. By equipping young people with accurate and comprehensive information about sexual health, it enables them to make informed decisions and take control of their reproductive health. Here are some of the key benefits:

1. Positive Health-Seeking Behaviors: Comprehensive sexuality education increases knowledge and awareness of sexual health, empowering individuals to seek out appropriate healthcare services and make informed choices about their well-being.

2. Reduction of Risky Behaviors: By providing comprehensive information about safe sex practices, contraception, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), comprehensive sexuality education helps reduce risky behaviors related to sex. This includes promoting the use of condoms and other barrier methods, leading to a decrease in unplanned pregnancies and transmission of STIs.

3. Reduction of Vulnerabilities: Comprehensive sexuality education equips young people with the knowledge and skills to navigate potential risks and challenges related to sexual health. By promoting healthy relationships, consent, gender equality, and understanding of boundaries, it reduces vulnerabilities to sexual violence, exploitation, and coercion.

Quote: “Comprehensive sexuality education empowers individuals to make informed decisions, promotes healthy behaviors , and reduces vulnerabilities to sexual risks.”

Comprehensive sexuality education aims to address the specific needs and challenges faced by young people in the Philippines. By fostering a supportive and inclusive environment, it encourages open dialogue, respect for diverse identities, and a deeper understanding of individual rights and responsibilities. Through comprehensive sexuality education, individuals can develop the skills to advocate for their sexual health and well-being, while contributing to the overall improvement of society.

For a visually engaging representation of the benefits of comprehensive sexuality education, refer to the table below:

Through comprehensive sexuality education, individuals can acquire the knowledge, skills, and confidence to make informed decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health. By addressing the specific needs of young people and promoting positive behaviors, comprehensive sexuality education empowers individuals and strengthens communities in the Philippines.

Implementation Challenges and Solutions

The implementation of comprehensive sex education in the Philippines faces several challenges that need to be addressed for its successful execution. These challenges include:

• Lack of Training: Many teachers lack the necessary training and skills to effectively deliver comprehensive sex education. Without proper training, they may struggle to address sensitive topics and develop age-appropriate curriculum.
• Limited Resources: Insufficient resources, such as textbooks, teaching materials, and technology, hinder the smooth implementation of sex education programs. Lack of access to these resources can impede the quality and effectiveness of the education provided.
• Resistance from Certain Groups: Sex education poses challenges due to resistance from conservative groups or individuals who hold misconceptions about its content and purpose. Overcoming this resistance requires extensive community engagement and communication.

To overcome these implementation challenges , it is crucial to focus on the following solutions:

• Training Programs: Implement comprehensive training programs for teachers to equip them with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to deliver effective sex education to students. These programs should address the specific challenges faced by teachers , including addressing sensitive topics and utilizing interactive teaching methods.
• Allocation of Resources: Provide adequate resources to schools to support the implementation of comprehensive sex education. This includes providing access to up-to-date teaching materials, age-appropriate textbooks, and appropriate technology to enhance the learning experience.
• Community Support: Garner strong community support and engagement to ensure the acceptance and success of comprehensive sex education programs. Engage parents, educators, community leaders, and local organizations to create awareness and address misconceptions about sex education.

Evidence of Success:

A comprehensive and well-implemented sex education program can yield several positive outcomes, including:

• Improved knowledge and understanding of sexual health and reproductive rights among students.
• Enhanced decision-making skills and responsible sexual behavior among young individuals.
• Reduction in risky sexual behaviors, such as unprotected sex and early initiation of sexual activity .
• Decreased rates of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Increased gender equality and empowerment among students.

Effective implementation requires a collaborative effort from various stakeholders, including government authorities, educators, parents, and the community at large. By addressing implementation challenges, providing proper training and resources, and fostering community support , the Philippines can create a conducive environment for comprehensive sex education to empower individuals and promote better sexual health outcomes.

The Role of Teachers in Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Teachers play a crucial role in delivering comprehensive sexuality education to students. They have the opportunity to provide students with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to make informed decisions about their sexual health. However, many teachers in the Philippines face barriers when it comes to teaching this important subject.

One of the primary barriers is a lack of training. Comprehensive sexuality education requires specialized knowledge and expertise. Without proper training, teachers may feel unprepared or uncomfortable addressing sensitive topics such as reproductive health, consent, and gender equality. This can hinder their ability to deliver comprehensive and accurate information to students.

To improve the delivery of sex education, it is essential to provide teachers with comprehensive training and support. This training should cover not only the content of comprehensive sexuality education but also effective teaching methods and communication techniques. By equipping teachers with the necessary skills, they can confidently and competently address the needs of their students.

Additionally, teachers need ongoing support to navigate potential challenges that may arise during the teaching process. This support can come in the form of mentorship programs, peer collaboration, and access to resources and materials that align with comprehensive sexuality education principles.

Benefits of Teacher Training

Proper training for teachers in comprehensive sexuality education offers numerous benefits. It empowers teachers to:

• Deliver accurate and up-to-date information on topics such as reproductive health, contraception, and sexually transmitted infections
• Foster a safe and inclusive learning environment where students feel comfortable discussing sensitive topics
• Facilitate open and respectful classroom discussions that challenge harmful gender norms and promote gender equality
• Equip students with the skills to make informed decisions about their sexual health and relationships

By investing in teacher training , we can ensure that comprehensive sexuality education is effectively delivered in schools, leading to empowered and informed students who are equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to navigate their sexual lives.

Through comprehensive training and support, we can empower teachers to overcome these barriers and effectively deliver comprehensive sexuality education to students. By doing so, we give students the knowledge and skills they need to make informed decisions, promote healthy relationships, and ensure their overall well-being.

Indicators of Successful Implementation

In order to measure the success of comprehensive sexuality education programs in the Philippines, it is important to monitor various indicators . These indicators provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of policy support , teacher training , integration in lesson plans , and the impact on the birth rate. By assessing these indicators , we can evaluate the success of implementing comprehensive sex education and make informed decisions regarding its future.

Policy Support

Policy support from local government units is a crucial indicator of successful implementation . It demonstrates a commitment to prioritizing comprehensive sexuality education and ensuring its integration into educational systems. By enacting supportive policies, local government units create a conducive environment for the delivery of comprehensive sex education and pave the way for its effective implementation.

Teacher Training

The training of teachers is a key factor in the successful implementation of comprehensive sexuality education programs. Teachers need to be equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively deliver age-appropriate and accurate information about sexual health. By providing comprehensive training for teachers, we can ensure that they are confident and capable of addressing sensitive topics and guiding students towards responsible sexual behavior.

Integration in Lesson Plans

Integrating comprehensive sex education into lesson plans is another important indicator of successful implementation . When sex education is seamlessly integrated into various subjects, it becomes a natural part of the curriculum and ensures that students receive consistent and comprehensive information. By incorporating sex education into different subjects, we can reinforce its importance and create a holistic approach to sexual health education.

Impact on Birth Rate

One of the long-term indicators of successful implementation is the impact on the birth rate among adolescents. Comprehensive sexuality education aims to empower young individuals to make informed decisions about their reproductive health, including family planning. By monitoring changes in the adolescent birth rate, we can assess the effectiveness of sex education programs in reducing unplanned pregnancies and promoting responsible reproductive choices.

By focusing on these indicators, we can gauge the success of comprehensive sexuality education programs in the Philippines and make informed decisions about their future. Monitoring policy support, teacher training, integration in lesson plans , and the impact on the birth rate enables us to continuously improve and refine sex education initiatives, ultimately empowering individuals to make responsible choices about their sexual health.

Sex education plays a crucial role in empowering individuals in the Philippines to make informed decisions about their sexual health. Through comprehensive sexuality education, the country can address pressing issues such as gender inequality, teen pregnancy, and limited access to reproductive healthcare services. By implementing effective sex education programs, providing proper training for educators, and garnering community support, the Philippines can pave the way for a future of informed, healthy, and responsible individuals.

Comprehensive sex education equips individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate their sexual health with confidence. It enables them to understand the importance of consent, make responsible choices regarding sexual behavior, and promote safer sex practices. By empowering individuals to make informed decisions, sex education fosters a culture of respect, equality, and sexual well-being.

Furthermore, comprehensive sex education provides a foundation for gender equality in the Philippines. By addressing societal norms and violence that limit women’s control over their sexual health, sex education promotes gender equality and empowers individuals of all genders to make choices based on their own autonomy and well-being. Sex education acts as a catalyst for change, breaking down barriers that hinder the progress towards a more inclusive and equal society.

In conclusion , sex education is vital in promoting empowerment, informed decisions, and sexual health in the Philippines. By prioritizing the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education, the country can create a future where individuals have the necessary knowledge, skills, and agency to take control of their own sexual health and well-being.

What impact does gender inequality and violence have on women’s control over their sexual health in the Philippines?

Gender inequality and violence limit women’s choices and access to information and services related to reproductive health, contributing to high rates of teen pregnancy and limited access to comprehensive sex education.

What are the challenges in addressing teen pregnancy in the Philippines?

Many young women in the Philippines have limited control over their reproductive decisions and face barriers when accessing contraception and maternal care, leading to high rates of teen pregnancy.

What initiatives has the government implemented to address sex education in the Philippines?

The Philippine government passed a law in 2012 to ensure universal access to comprehensive sexuality education, contraception, and maternal care. However, effective implementation has been challenging due to cultural norms, lack of resources, and resistance from certain groups.

Why is age-appropriate sex education important?

Age-appropriate sex education is crucial to provide young people with the knowledge and skills to make responsible decisions about their sexual behavior. It should be integrated into the educational curriculum while considering their developmental stages and needs.

How does consent and responsible sexual behavior play a role in sex education?

Teaching the importance of consent and promoting responsible sexual behavior helps prevent sexual misconduct and promotes healthy and respectful relationships. Empowering individuals with knowledge about consent is crucial for informed decision-making.

How does comprehensive sex education promote safer sex practices?

Comprehensive sex education provides information about contraception, STD prevention , and HIV prevention, empowering individuals to make informed choices regarding their sexual health. Promoting safer sex practices is essential for reducing teen pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted infections.

What is the role of comprehensive sexuality education in the Philippines?

Comprehensive sexuality education empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their reproductive health by improving knowledge, attitudes , and behaviors related to sexual health. It provides comprehensive knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, rights, and responsibilities.

What are the government policies on sex education in the Philippines?

Republic Act 10354 and DepEd Order #31 mandate the delivery of comprehensive sexuality education for youth in the Philippines. These policies aim to ensure that young people receive accurate and age-appropriate information about sexual and reproductive health.

What are the benefits of comprehensive sexuality education?

Comprehensive sexuality education enables positive health-seeking behaviors by increasing knowledge and awareness of sexual health, reducing risky behaviors, and mitigating vulnerabilities faced by young people. It empowers individuals to make informed decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health.

What are the challenges in implementing comprehensive sex education in the Philippines?

Challenges include a lack of training and resources for teachers, resistance from certain groups, and misconceptions about the content and purpose of sex education. Overcoming these challenges requires training for teachers, resource allocation, and community support.

What is the role of teachers in comprehensive sexuality education?

Teachers play a crucial role in delivering comprehensive sexuality education to students. However, many teachers face barriers due to a lack of training and limited skills in addressing sensitive topics. Proper training and support are essential to improve the delivery of sex education.

How can the success of comprehensive sexuality education be measured?

Indicators of successful implementation include policy support from local government units, teacher training, integration of comprehensive sex education in lesson plans, and evidence of short-term and long-term impacts, such as changes in the adolescent birth rate.

What is the conclusion regarding sex education in the Philippines?

Sex education plays a crucial role in empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their sexual health. It addresses issues such as gender inequality, teen pregnancy, and limited access to reproductive healthcare services. Proper implementation, training, and community support are vital for the well-being and empowerment of individuals.

Source Links

• https://www.change.org/p/national-and-local-government-units-in-the-philippines-implement-comprehensive-sex-education-in-the-philippines
• https://www.oxfam.ca/project/sexual-health-and-empowerment
• https://tciurbanhealth.org/courses/philippines-toolkit-demand-generation/lessons/comprehensive-sexuality-education-2/

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Comprehensive Sexuality Education

1. context and background, 2. terminology.

3. Laws and policies

4. Governance

5. Monitoring and reporting

In the Philippines, young people account for one-third of the population. In 2012, the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act was passed, integrating sexuality education into the existing curriculum for learners from kindergarten to Grade 12; however, it has yet to be fully implemented. In 2018, the Department of Education established the Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) in an effort to reduce the increasing prevalence of teen pregnancy, sexual assault, and STIs such as HIV, among young Filipinos. According to the CSE Policy Guidelines, CSE aims to ‘effectively address the needs of the learners for health and protection through education’ and is ‘designed to ensure that the learners are receiving comprehensive and appropriate information that can advance gender equality and empowerment’. Currently, the CSE curricula are being piloted in selected schools across regions that are not part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

CSE is defined in the 2018 Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education as ‘an age-appropriate, culturally relevant program for teaching about sexuality and relationships by providing scientifically accurate, realistic, and nonjudgmental information’.

3. Laws and policies  

3.1. relevant international/regional agreements to which the philippines is a signatory, 3.2. relevant national laws and policies mandating comprehensive sexuality education.

Various laws and policies that support the inclusion of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in formal educational settings have been implemented. The 1998 Philippines AIDS Prevention and Control Act calls on the Department of Education, Culture and Sports, the Commission on Higher Education and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority to integrate information on HIV & AIDS and other STIs at the intermediate, secondary and tertiary education levels, including non-formal and indigenous learning systems. The Act also stipulates that such a curriculum should not be used ‘as an excuse to propagate birth control or the sale or distribution of birth control devices: Provided, finally, that it does not utilize sexually explicit materials’ (Section 4).

 The 2009 Republic Act 9710: Magna Carta of Women calls on the Commission on Higher Education to pursue and implement comprehensive health information and education, including ‘age-appropriate adolescent health and sexuality education’, with a focus on respect and responsibility. It also calls for measures to educate parents to enhance their communication with children. In addition, it notes the need to train health service providers and educators ‘towards gender-responsive, culture-sensitive, non-discriminatory and non-judgmental behaviors and attitudes’.

The 2012 Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act (Republic Act No. 10354) and its Implementing Rules and Regulations include as a guiding principle ‘the respect for protection and fulfillment of reproductive health and rights that seek to promote the rights and welfare of every person, especially couples, adult individuals, women, and adolescents’. Rule 11 of the Act states that ‘the State shall provide age- and developmentally-appropriate responsible parenthood and reproductive health education to adolescents and school-age children, which shall be taught by adequately trained teachers and educators in formal and non-formal educational system and integrated in relevant subjects, including, but not limited to, values formation; knowledge and skills development; and sexuality education’. It also states that the Department of Education shall develop a curriculum for use in public schools that includes reproductive health ideas and themes. Private schools may accept the DepEd curriculum or build their own, pending DepEd permission.’ (Section 11.01).

At the policy level, the 2010 Strategic Framework on the HIV Response on Children and Young People requires ‘key HIV and STI prevention information, including messages on where to access HIV-related services’ and the ‘integration of age-appropriate and gender-sensitive HIV prevention education in the general school curriculum (formal and non-formal)’.

  In 2018, the Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of the Comprehensive Sexuality Education were implemented. These Guidelines ‘seek to develop a consistent understanding of CSE's essential principles and themes and to assure the unambiguous implementation of CSE protocols’. The Guidelines further aim to: ‘ (1) enhance the over-all wellness of Filipino adolescents (physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual); (2) contribute to better learning outcomes, reduce dropout rate, increased completion rate, and improved quality of learning; (3) ensure that adolescents have access to adequate and appropriate information and health care education; (4) address the reproductive health concerns of adolescents, who are expose to risky behavior that may cause unfavorable and long-term consequences; (5) promote healthy and responsible sexual and social behavior among adolescents’ (6) promote healthy and responsible sexual and social behavior among adolescents (7) develop mature and responsible children and young adolescents imbued with desirable health values, which can assist them in making rational decisions that can lead to satisfying productive, and quality life; (8) provide teachers with a resource material for developing life skills such as decision-making and problem-solving relative to adolescent reproductive health; and (9) enable teachers to integrate key concepts and messages on reproductive health concerns across the curriculum wherever these can be done most appropriately.’

The 2017-22 Philippine Development Plan promotes the improvement of nutrition and health outcomes for all, as well as the provision of innovative and relevant services, such as family planning and SRH for adolescents and young adults. The need for reproductive health education is similarly promoted in the 2022 Basic Education Development Plan and 2016 Basic Education Research Agenda .

3.3. Curricula

The 2012 Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act (Republic Act No. 10354) mandates the provision of parenthood and reproductive health education to adolescents and school-aged children in formal and non-formal educational systems, and that this is integrated into relevant subjects. It also requires the Department of Education to design a curriculum for use in public schools that incorporates reproductive health concepts and themes. Private schools may accept the curriculum of the Department of Education or create their own, subject to official approval. In 2021, the Department of Education piloted the CSE programme in selected schools that were not in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

Mandatory or optional

The 2012 Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act (Republic Act No. 10354) mandates the provision of education on parenthood and reproductive health to adolescents and school-aged children in formal and non-formal educational systems.

Model of delivery

According to the Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education , the CSE curricula are included in the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum, where core topics and sub-topics are integrated into particular learning areas: i) music, arts, physical education and health; ii) social studies iii) human education; iv) science; and v) personal development. CSE may also be integrated into other learning areas and grade levels. Indigenous learning systems and Madrasah education programmes are required to integrate the CSE standards, core topics, core values, and core life skills into the above five learning areas.

Comprehensiveness of content

The CSE curricula topics and sub-topics include: the human body and human development; personhood; healthy relationships; sexuality and sexual behaviours; SRH; personal safety; and gender, culture and human rights.

In 2020, the Commission on Population and Development and its implementing partners in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao developed a Comprehensive Gender and Health Education for Youth  module, which aims to provide Muslim adolescents with information on gender and development, health and reproductive health, and their entire well-being in the context of Islamic values and principles. The module is divided into five areas: anatomy and physiology; gender and development; health and nutrition; social relationships; and human relationships and spiritual responsibilities.

Learning resources

The Learning Now, Learning New, Learning Next: Orientation of Teachers on the Awareness of CSE is a 16-part orientation session on teachers’ awareness of CSE, supported by slide presentations, a menu of classroom activities, videos and other multimedia resources, a survey guide for baseline data, all in printable format, as well as other CSE-related literature.

At the policy level, the 2017-22 Philippine Development Plan stipulates the provision of suitable learning materials. According to Section 11.04 on training for educators of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act 2012 (Republic Act No. 10354) , the Department of Education must provide instructional materials and visual aids to guarantee the quality and relevance of teaching SRH education. The 2018 Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of the Comprehensive Sexuality Education also requires the Department of Education to set standards for the efficient and effective teaching of CSE, which is based on constructivist, inquiry-based, reflective, collaborative, and integrative pedagogical approaches.

3.4. Teachers

According to the 2018 Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education , the Department of Education is committed to ensuring teacher training on CSE and aims to collaborate with the Curriculum and Learning Management Division in the development of CSE training programmes. This division is specifically responsible for conducting trainings for school heads and teachers on the integration of CSE across learning areas and to coordinate this with the School Governance and Operations Division. With the launch of the CSE curriculum, the Department of Education launched online teacher training for selected teachers from selected pilot zones and also in areas that were not covered in the pilot plan.

The Department of Education also supports the continuing professional development of teaching personnel through the 2016 Learning Action Cell as a K to 12 Basic Education Program School-Based Continuing Professional Development Strategy for the Improvement of Teaching and Learning , which is based on the principle of lifelong learning and the commitment to developing teachers’ potential and facilitating success in their profession.

The 2020 National Online Training of Teachers on the Integration of CSE in the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum is a joint initiative with the Department of Education, the Center for Health Solutions and Innovations Philippines, Inc. and UNFPA. The project aims to strengthen CSE programmes in schools The Learning Now, Learning New, Learning Next: Orientation of Teachers on the Awareness of CSE teaching resource was developed to raise awareness of teachers and principals on CSE. It is a 16-part orientation session on teachers' awareness on CSE and is to be implemented as part of schools’ Learning Action Cell initiative.

CSE training is integrated into the relevant learning and development programme interventions of the National Educators Academy of the Philippines , although there is no specific mention of CSE in the 2019 Pre-Service Practice-Based Training , Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers , or the Professional Development Framework .

3.5. Schools

The 2012 Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act (Republic Act No. 10354), Section 11.03 on supportive school environments states that ‘private and public schools shall provide young people a supportive environment where they have access to services such as (a) Counseling and psycho-social support services; (b) Facilities for information on prevention of risky behaviors, including addiction; (c) Facilities for information on prevention and diagnosis and proper management/treatment of STIs; and (d) Facilities for information and referral to service providers on all RPRH concerns’.

The Updated Philippine Development Plan 2017-22 proposes the development of adolescent-friendly health services to address the unique needs of a particular age, in relation to providing the correct information and access to adolescent SRH services, including for HIV, as well as the establishment of ‘teen centres’ and adolescent-friendly facilities or spaces in schools.

4. Governance  

4.1 responsible ministries.

The Department of Education is responsible for developing and incorporating CSE topics within the curricula through its relevant central units. The Bureau of Curriculum Development formulates a national framework for the development, implementation, and review of the CSE curriculum (including policy, minimum standards, and the implementation of rules and regulations). The Bureau is also responsible for developing CSE competencies, conducting national CSE trainings, and leading the development of learning resource packages. The Bureau of Learning Delivery, the National Educators’ Academy of the Philippines and the Bureau of Curriculum coordinate the development of CSE training programmes, the Bureau of Learning Resources develops CSE learning resources, while the Bureau of Educational Assessment integrates CSE concepts into the national assessment system. The National Educators Academy of the Philippines oversees the integration of CSE into its relevant learning and development programmes.

At the regional level, the regional offices are responsible for the adaptation and integration of the CSE policy and framework and for coordinating CSE training programmes. The Department of Education has partnered with the Department of Health and the Commission on Population and Development in launching the  Comprehensive Sexuality Education and Adolescent Reproductive Health (CSE-ASRH) Convergence , which is a whole-of-government response to reproductive health issues among the youth.

4.2. Level of responsibility/decentralization and autonomy

According to the 2018 Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of the Comprehensive Sexuality Education , schools are responsible for: implementing CSE programmes and projects through curriculum integration across learning areas, information dissemination and advocacy campaigns, networking, and partnerships; including CSE programmes and projects into the School Improvement Plan; initiating and conducting CSE-related classroom activities, research, field studies, and other data collection procedures articulated in the Plan through the school publication/newsletter; using the contextualized CSE learning resources; and including CSE in school Learning Action Cells sessions.

4.3. Government budget allocation

No information was found.

According to the 2018 Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of the Comprehensive Sexuality Education , the CSE Monitoring and Evaluation framework provides the mechanism for the Department of Education to assess its progress in achieving its CSE goals. It should specifically ensure that CSE is an integral component of school policy formulation on curriculum implementation and contextualization. The CSE Monitoring and Evaluation Team includes the Department of Education, in partnership with the Department of Health, the Department of Social Welfare and Development, the Commission on Population and Development, the National Youth Commission , and development partners and non-government organizations engaged in adolescent health and psycho-social interventions. Objectives include regular monitoring and reporting of the integration of core contents and key messages in the formal, non-formal, community-based education, special education, and indigenous learning systems, as well as implementation assessment and bi-annual reviews.

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Sex Education in the Philippines

Reproductive Health Act

The Philippines passed the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (RH Act) after a 14-year wait. Through the act, the government integrated sex education into the public school curriculum for students ages 10 to 19. The Philippines also gave funding for free or subsidized contraceptives at health centers and public schools.

The government passed the RH Act in response to the many health issues impacting the country, such as infant mortality, pregnancy-related deaths and a rise in HIV/AIDS cases. Moreover, teen pregnancies in the Philippines are common, where 9% of women between the ages of 15 and 19 start child bearing.

Lack of knowledge about reproductive health is significantly associated with poverty, especially in regard to overpopulation. Therefore, the RH Act aims to help the population make informed decisions about their reproductive health. It provides more equal access to sex education, while also ensuring that the government reaffirms its commitment to protecting women’s reproductive rights, providing accessible family planning information , and hiring skilled maternal health professionals to work in both urban and rural areas of the Philippines.

Opposition from the Catholic Church

Around 80% of the Philippine population identifies as Roman Catholic . Accordingly, the Catholic Church largely influences the state of sex education in the country. The Catholic Church opposes sex outside of marriage and fears sex education will increase sexual relations. The Catholic Church consequently remains critical of the RH Act, increasing difficulties in putting the RH Act into concrete action.

Additionally, the Catholic Church opposes implementing sex education in schools as well as the distribution of contraceptives. The Church prefers to rely on parents to teach their kids about reproductive health. However, many families are either unequipped to do so or will not address the subject directly with their children.

The Implementation of the RH Act

In an effort to reduce the country’s rate of poverty, Philippine President, Rodrigo Duerte, ordered the government to provide access to free contraceptives for six million women in 2017. Duerte aimed to fulfill unmet family planning needs. This came after a restraining order was placed on the RH Act in 2015. However, the government appealed to lift the restraining order to continue applying the RH Act and addressing issues due to overpopulation.

In 2019, Save the Children Philippines — an organization with the purpose of supporting Filipino children — advocated for the Teenage Pregnancy Prevention bill . The organization also fought for requiring schools to fully integrate Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) into their curriculum. Save the Children Philippines hopes to combat the country’s high rate of teen pregnancy. CSE in the Philippines includes topics such as consent, sexual violence, contraceptives and others. The bill would also advance access to reproductive health services, further supplementing the goals of the RH Act.

Increased Conversation Surrounding Sex Education

In addition to greater governmental action, there are various organizations that are working to increase access to sex education and services in the Philippines. The Roots of Health is a nongovernmental organization that provides sex education to women in Palawan and Puerto Princesa. Started in 2009, the founders, Dr. Susan Evangelista and Amina Evangelista Swanepoel, initially provided reproductive health classes at Palawan State University in Puerto Princesa and have since expanded into free clinical services for young women. The Roots of Health provides services that assist with birth, reproductive healthcare, contraceptives, prenatal and postpartum check-ups, and ultrasounds. By 2018, they served 20,000 women and adolescents  in the Palawan and Puerto Princesa communities, demonstrating that there is a growing grassroots movement towards reframing reproductive health in the Philippines.

Sex education will remain a controversial subject in the Philippines. Nonetheless, it is a developing matter that is expected to evolve with continued conversations between governmental, faith and nongovernmental actors.

– Zoë Nichols Photo: Flickr

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Implementation of reproductive health education in a Filipino city: a case study

The Philippines has adopted reproductive health education (RHE) in schools with the passing of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law in 2012 which promised multi-dimensional support on reproductive health (RH) including RHE. Although there is urgent need for RH policy to enhance family planning and to reduce high teenage pregnancy, this law continues to be extremely controversial, conflicting with Filipino socio-cultural norms, mainly based on Catholic beliefs. Based on this context, this research aims to examine how RHE is implemented in Filipino schools. For the research, a qualitative case study was conducted in a Filipino city. Results show that each local stakeholder has a different concept of RH and delivers their own perceived concept of RH. Teachers lack RH pedagogy and training on RH while they also tend to minimise and modify their teaching in fear of further stimulating student interest in sex. Lastly, conflict between the Department of Education and the Department of Health was observed. This study implies that policy making alone is not a sufficient for effective implementation of RHE. Endorsement of various local stakeholders is necessary to accomplish proper RHE.

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Say It Isn’t Sex: The Politics of Sex Education in the Philippines

• 22 December 2006
• File Size 826 KB
• File Count 1
• Create Date 22 December 2006
• Last Updated 22 November 2023

Say-it-Isnt-Sex-vol.10-no.2-July-Dec-2006-5

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Comprehensive Sex Education Remains Controversial in the Philippines 

Voice of America

Voice of America (VOA) is the largest U.S. international broadcaster, providing news and information in more than 40 languages to an estimated weekly audience of more than 275 million people. 

What you need to know

Advocates for comprehensive sex education say the lack of lessons for many youths is one of the reasons one out of 10 births in the Philippines is by a mother younger than 19.

By Dave Grunebaum

MALABON, PHILIPPINES — Jomarie Oliva, 33, led an afternoon workshop with 10 teenagers on topics that many in the predominantly Roman Catholic Philippines consider taboo. The conversation included the reasons that some teens have sex.

“Out of curiosity?” Oliva asked the group? “For pleasure,” responded one of the teens, while the rest of the group laughed.

Later, Oliva talked about the responsibilities of parenthood as well as different types of birth control, including “abstinence, pills, condoms, IUDs, implants, injectables,” she said, before explaining each one.

Oliva is a community mobilizer for Likhaan Center for Women’s Health, a non-government organization that works on reproductive health, access to contraceptives, and sex education.

In some countries, in-depth classroom discussions about sex and contraceptives are common for teenagers, but not in the Philippines. “Not every student gets sex education in schools,” Oliva told VOA. “You don’t always learn all the ways to protect yourself from unplanned pregnancies, how to use condoms and other contraceptives.”

Government data reports the number of females aged 15 to 19 who became pregnant during the previous five years fell from 8.6% in 2017 to 5.4% in 2022. Health advocates, however, say they are very concerned that about 2,300 girls aged 10 to 14 gave birth in 2021.

“There are teens who don’t know that a woman can get pregnant the first time she has sex,” Oliva says. “Some kids think a girl needs to have sex multiple times to get pregnant.”

Oliva holds workshops in community centers and neighborhood gathering spots in metropolitan Manila. At a recent session, 17-year-old Hanah Ilajas listened carefully. Ilajas said this was first time anyone explained to her how birth control pills work.

“I’ve heard about pills before, but I only really learned about them now,” she said, adding that in school, her teachers don’t discuss contraceptives. “It’s just not something that really comes up.”

Sex education and access to contraceptives are controversial subjects in the Philippines, where the Catholic Church holds significant influence on a population that’s about 80% Catholic. The church fought a reproductive health law, passed in December 2012, that expanded sex education in public schools and made contraceptives available for free at public health clinics. Minors, however, can only legally access contraceptives with parental approval.

The Rev. Jerome Secillano, a spokesperson for the Catholics Bishops Conference of the Philippines, says teaching people about contraceptives might encourage them to use them. The Catholic Church advocates only for natural birth control methods, and Secillano says for teens, the only one that should be encouraged is abstinence.

“We start by telling them that sex should be done not outside the marriage but inside the marriage,” Secillano said. “Secondly, do not use contraceptives, do not use pills, do not use condoms, and thirdly, you need to preserve your body. You’re still young and sexual intercourse is not for your biological age.”

Erickson Bernardo, a youth advocacy officer for Likhaan, believes complete education for teens on all forms of birth control, including pills and condoms, is important. “You don’t actually encourage them to have sex, but basically you allow them to make responsible decisions,” Bernardo said.

Bernardo and other advocates for comprehensive sex education say in reality, many teens still aren’t getting these lessons in schools. Although the reproductive health law was passed in late 2012, it took the Department of Education more than five years to issue guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education. According to Bernardo, it still faces resistance.

“There are some school administrators who are willing to adopt comprehensive sexuality education so long as not in their schools,” Bernardo said. The Department of Education did not answer questions, sent in writing from VOA, about implementation of comprehensive sexuality education.

Bernardo and Oliva say while the pace is slow, gradually more schools are teaching students about all methods of birth control. Both, however, say the issue also has roots in the home.

“Parents often shy away from having reproductive health discussions with their children,” Oliva said. “In some cases, it’s because it makes them uncomfortable and sometimes, they don’t have enough knowledge themselves.”

Seventeen-year-old Hanah Ilajas said participating in Oliva’s workshop was time well spent.

“It helped me understand things better,” she said.

The News Lens has been authorized to publish this article from Voice of America . READ NEXT: Marcos Jr’s Big Bad Sovereign Wealth Fund

TNL Editor: Bryan Chou ( @thenewslensintl )

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The IAFOR Research Archive

Sex Education: Level of Knowledge and Its Effects on the Sexual Behavior and Opinions Among the Government Senior High School Students of Vigan City SY 2018-2019

James Alexander Gordon on 6th November 2019

The Philippines, being a Christian country, finds Sex Education a sensitive topic to discuss with. But, with the increasing cases of pregnancies, sexually-transmitted diseases and other forms of sexually-related violence, the Philippine government raised their vote to integrate and teach sex education in the curriculum. After recognizing the vital role of education on the rising incidences of early pregnancy, sexual violence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among youth, a DepEd Order was passed to include sexuality education in order to mandate the provision of an age appropriate reproductive health education for adolescents. The main objective is to elicit the baseline information of students on Sex Education and to give a background on their current sexual knowledge, behaviors and opinions. This study used quantitative method specifically, non-experimental descriptive-correlational research design. A questionnaire that underwent validation and reliability testing was utilized as a form of instrumentation. Out of the 846 respondents, 19.15% already tried engaging in sexual intercourse, most of which having 1-2 sexual partners (10.99%), with the usual age of 16 years old (6.74%). Respondents prefer masturbation over vaginal, oral or anal sex and those who had sexual experience are embarrassed buying contraceptives. The extent of Cumulative Sexual Education information gained by the students is generally “low” and their Sexual Knowledge and Sexual Opinion are at “average” level. The extent of Sexual Behaviors of those who don’t have sexual experience is “low” but “average” among those who already had experience. However, gender orientation shows significant difference in their sexual behavior.

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