the counterclaim of an essay can be defined as

Learning Tips
Exam Guides
School Life

How to write a Counterclaim Paragraph, Sentence or Rebuttal

by Joseph Kenas
January 18, 2024

If you are writing an argumentative essay, you will find yourself including counterclaims. In this guide, we guide you on how to write a good counterclaim in an essay and how to frame your counterclaim sentence and paragraph in rebuttal.

Counterclaims are mostly included in an argumentative essay where you are required to convince your readers to agree with your arguments and point of view concerning the topic in question.

What is a Counterclaim in an Essay?

A counterclaim can be regarded as the argument or arguments that oppose the thesis statement in your essay. Within the introduction, you introduce the topic and create a thesis statement in the last sentence that makes it clear to your audience the point(s) you want to prove and the strategy you will use to prove it.

The counterclaim demonstrates to the reader that you have put into consideration the perspectives of the opposing side and you find such perspectives to be weak.

As such, a counterclaim will allow you to respond to the potential arguments of your readers before they complete reading the essay.

Additionally, a counterclaim demonstrates that both sides of the debate have been put into consideration, hence strengthening your position.

Difference Between a Claim and a Counterclaim

There is a big difference between a claim and a counterclaim. When writing essays, one may need to include both in the same essay, especially when presenting an argumentative topic.

The difference between a claim and a counterclaim lies in their assertion. A claim is a statement that demonstrates the position of argument or the assertion of a fact or a truth. On the other hand, a counterclaim is an argument that negates a specific claim by rebutting it. While a claim asserts the writer’s argument, a counterclaim rebuts.

When writing an essay, particularly an argumentative essay, you will have a topic and a thesis statement that will show the readers the points you are going to prove and how you will prove them.

Most of your paper will be dedicated to proving your claim to the reader so that they can agree with your point of view.

A good claim should be arguable and at times controversial to allow the readers to think otherwise about your perspectives as the writer.

It can also come up with their interpretations concerning the topic.

Because of this, the essay will be based on the claim and you will demonstrate why your claim is accepted. On the other hand, a counterclaim is a statement of opposition that will allow the readers to perceive the whole picture of the arguments.

Though this is the case, the counterclaim demonstrates that the writer has anticipated arguments against their claim and has provided proof, through the counterclaim, that the readers’ perspectives are false or weak.

As such, when the counterclaim is stated, it is addressed concerning its weaknesses or limitations. This enhances the claim’s strength.

How to Write a Good Counterclaim in an Essay

If you wish to write a good counterclaim, make sure that it takes the form of two stages.

The first stage is where you go against your claim or argument so that you can challenge it and the second stage is where you turn back to your claim or argument to re-affirm it.

When writing a good counterclaim, you imagine that some of your readers will be skeptical and you have to make them agree with you.

For example, if you want to present a counterclaim showing that there was a problem with how you demonstrated your claims, like an unwarranted assumption, certain evidence was played down or ignored, and so on, you can support the counterclaim by presenting the disadvantages or drawbacks of the issues with the presentation. Then, give an alternative proposal or alternative that would make more sense to the readers.

To refute the counterclaim, you announce with words like ‘yet’, ‘but’, ‘however’, ‘still’, or ‘nevertheless’ to indicate that you are about to show why the counterclaim is wrong. Acknowledge that it is a good claim but demonstrate that yours might help the argument more.

Where to Write a Counterclaim in an Essay

A counterclaim can be included anywhere within the body of the essay except the conclusion. There are some cases where you can write a counterclaim at the second last sentence of the introduction paragraph followed by the thesis statement which acts as the refutation.

You can also write a counterargument after the introduction to show the anticipated reaction to your point of view before moving forward with writing your actual claims.

Moving forward, the reason why you cannot place the counterclaim within the conclusion is that you have to include a rebuttal paragraph or statements after you have written the counterclaim. Therefore, a counterclaim located at the conclusion will miss the rebuttal paragraph or statements.

However, argumentative essays can take different structures. Even though such essays will have a basic structure of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion, the differences will occur within the body paragraphs. Such differences dictate where the counterclaim(s) are located.

There is a structure where the counterclaims are located within all the body paragraphs. In this case, you will write your claim, followed by a counterclaim, and then a rebuttal. This means that for every claim you present to support your thesis, there will be a counterclaim and a rebuttal.

The most common structure is where you present your claims and present the counterclaim(s) before the conclusion. The counterclaim is immediately followed by a rebuttal.

Dos and Don’ts of Writing a Counterclaim

When it comes to the dos of writing a counterclaim, always ensure that it is followed by a rebuttal to demonstrate that your claims are superior to it. Secondly, courteously present your counterclaims to avoid upsetting the reader.

Acknowledge the anticipated arguments from the readers.

Demonstrate that the readers’ points of view are valid but your perspective makes more sense.

Finally, appeal to the logic of the readers through the use of valid evidence.

Concerning the don’ts when writing a counterclaim, do not include a counterargument just for the sake of it.

Make sure that the counterargument is valid in its own right and it is verifiable through evidence.

This is because your readers will also use logic and evidence when thinking about your claims. Secondly, do not use a disrespectful or uncourteous tone when addressing the other side of the argument.

Examples of Counterclaims

A counterclaim in a separate paragraph.

Counterclaim: “Opponents argue that after-school sports can increase the likelihood of sports-related injuries (Bancroft, 2018). Even minor injuries sustained from participation in after-school sports increase absent rates and the expense of creating injury reports for students (Sizemore, 2019)” .

Refutation: “Although students do suffer both serious and minor injuries in after-school sports, these injuries are quite rare (Kinney, 2016) .

Embedded Within a Paragraph

“Without free after-school sports programs, many students would still play sports without adult supervision and even more injuries would result”. Counterclaim : “However, some people would argue that after-school sports can increase the likelihood of sports-related injuries (Sizemore 2019)”. Refutation: “Although students do suffer both serious and minor injuries in after-school sports, without school-sponsored sports, the likelihood of more injuries from less supervised recreational leagues or privately sponsored leagues with fewer safety regulations would be much worse” .

How Long Should a Counterclaim Be?

A counterclaim can be as long as a paragraph if it appears after the introduction paragraph or at the end of the body before the conclusion. However, if a counterclaim is located within a paragraph, it can be a few sentences long (2-3).

However, the length of a counterclaim depends on the length of a claim in general. You can learn more about how to write a claim paragraph in that guide so that you can learn the two in general.

How many Counterclaims can you Put?

This depends on the structure of the essay. If the counterclaim appears after the introduction or before the conclusion, then it will only be one. However, if it is embedded within paragraphs, then they will be as many as the supportive augments.

This is because they will be used to refute every claim made within the body paragraph. If your supporting claims are 5 then the counterclaims will be 5 and so on.

Check out how to write college essays in our guide that we hope will lead you to score well.

the counterclaim of an essay can be defined as

Joseph is a freelance journalist and a part-time writer with a particular interest in the gig economy. He writes about schooling, college life, and changing trends in education. When not writing, Joseph is hiking or playing chess.

How to Write an Effective Counterclaim in 5 Steps

So, you’re laboring over a killer argumentative essay — and you want to make absolutely sure that you have all your bases covered? Your essay absolutely needs at least one counterclaim with a rebuttal if you are determined to make it the best it can be.

Unless you are already an experiences essayist, however, it can prove tough to write a solid counterclaim. Watch and learn — with this guide, you’ll get ready to write a powerful counterclaim in no time!

Essay Counterclaim: The Basics

The “too long; didn’t read” version is as follows — a counterclaim is a rhetorical tool used in essay writing. You present a viewpoint for which you are not arguing in a counterclaim, and then proceed to refute it; explaining why people should disagree with the opposing argument and agree with you, instead.

As you’re writing your essay, you will inevitably make various claims. Claims can be defined as debatable statements — the views for which you are arguing in your essay. Your thesis statement will be the main, overarching, claim you make in your essay, and this can be followed by multiple further claims in favor of your argument.

Let’s see this in action:

Thesis: “Unleashed dogs are a serious public health concern in Masonville. Policy must be amended to make it mandatory for all dogs to be leashed, at all times, and fines must be imposed on those who fail to comply.”
Claim: “Unleashed dogs have decimated the local deer population.”
Claim: “5 children and an elderly person have sustained serious dog bites that required medical attention in the last three years.”
Claim: “Data from other jurisdictions shows that imposing penalties for unleashed dogs reduces incidents with dogs immensely.”

If your essay looks something like this, you’re building a compelling case. You have defined your viewpoint, offered arguments that lead to a conclusion, and you have also shared data that your proposed solution could work.

What’s missing?

To truly make a convincing argument, you have to show that you understand the subject matter you are tackling deeply — something that inevitably includes listening to the opposing side in the argument.

That is where your counterclaim comes in. A counterclaim can be defined as a claim that directly opposes yours.

If your reaction is “Wait, what!? I have to argue against myself?” right now, hold on. There are multiple strong reasons to include a counterclaim in your essay. Here’s a look:

By including a counterclaim, or indeed multiple, you show that you don’t have tunnel vision. You have also considered the other side.
Readers who support the other side of the argument will likely react with a “Yes, that’s right!”. This has the effect of making them feel heard, which in turn makes them more open to listening to you.
After all that, you can — finally — respectfully and artfully refute the counterclaim. You understand the opposing viewpoint and you have deeply considered its merits, but you disagree. Lay out why, and why those who previously agreed with the opposing argument might want to consider coming over to your side, instead.

Let’s see that in action again:

Many dog owners claim that leashing dogs robs them of the ability to run around and have fun — something they consider integral to their dogs’ health and wellbeing. While it is certainly true that dogs need exercise, long leashes allow for plenty of freedom of movement. Dog parks, where dogs could run free, are another possible solution in this case.

Claim vs Counterclaim: What Is the Difference?

The difference between a claim and a counterclaim can best be summed up by saying that a claim is used to argue the position you are defending in your essay, while a counterclaim takes the opposing viewpoint. A counterclaim is an argument against your argument, in other words.

That is not the only difference between the two. To make an effective claim, a writer simply has to:

Make the claim.
Provide evidence or logical arguments supporting the claim.
Where desired, follow this with rhetorical tools such as appeals to emotion or logic to further convince the audience.

A counterclaim requires more elements:

The counterclaim itself — which states an opposing argument.
Evidence that people in fact hold this view is very much welcomed; to make a good counterclaim, you cannot simply lay out positions that are almost never taken.
An explanation as to why people may hold this view.
Finally, a rebuttal, in which you explain why the counterclaim is weak, and your original position is correct.

How to Write an Effective Counterclaim: Step-by-Step

Writing an effective counterclaim — or even several, as you may be called to do in longer essays — can be challenging. That is particularly true if you fervently believe in the argument you are making, and have a hard time understanding how anyone could disagree with it.

However, it is important to remain as objective as possible as you craft a counterclaim for your essay. Here is a look at the process you may use to decide on a good counterclaim.

Deciding Where to Place Your Counterclaim

It is typically very effective to open your essay with a compelling hook, which may consist of a powerful anecdote, statistics, or a dramatic introduction to a pressing problem. You will then want to introduce your thesis statement, and begin making claims — which you back up with evidence and further arguments.

Your counterclaim, or counter claims, should be placed after this portion of your essay. In short essays, that means it will be somewhere near the end. However, you will want to summarize your main argument succinctly and write a memorable conclusion in the paragraphs that follow your counterclaim paragraph.

Deciding How Long Your Counterclaim Should Be

The length of a counterclaim, and indeed the number of counterclaims you decide to include, depends on the target length of your essay. You will typically require at least a short paragraph to be able to do your counterclaim justice, because you are not simply stating that some people disagree with your argument. You also want to explain why.

In some cases, you will be able to write a short rebuttal in the same paragraph. In others, you may choose to refute the counterclaim in the next paragraph.

Researching Opposing Viewpoints

To write an effective counterclaim, it is important to understand the arguments that may be used to oppose your claims. Don’t simply turn your claim or thesis statement on its head, but research why people disagree with the argument you are making, and on what basis. Where possible, try to find out how common the view you are portraying in your counterclaim is.

Presenting the Opposing Viewpoint Fairly

Once you immerse yourself in the types of arguments people who disagree with your thesis make, and truly understand where they are coming from, you are ready to craft a good counterclaim. Try this exercise first. Imagine what you would write if you sincerely held the opposing view, and then go ahead and do it.

Writing Your Counterclaim Paragraph

Before presenting the counterclaim, you will need to introduce the fact that you will be doing this by making a smooth transition in your writing. Good ways to start your counterclaim paragraph include:

“Critics have argued that…”
“Some people may conclude that”
“On the other side of the argument, people are concerned that…”
“The opposing viewpoint states that…”

Once you have stated the alternative view, go ahead and describe why that view is held. Present evidence.

You can now either start a new paragraph to write a rebuttal, or — if you can keep it short — do so in the same paragraph.

A rebuttal can include:

Reasons why the opposing view you presented in your counterclaim is weak or false.
An acknowledgment that the views presented in the counterclaim have merit, but there is a solution that would render the concerns the opposing side has baseless.
An explanation that the views presented in the counterclaim are exceedingly rare, or the benefits of your argument outweigh the risks the counterclaim sets forth.

Additional Tips on Writing a Counterclaim

If you have followed along so far, you are almost ready to make a very effective counterclaim, complete with a refutation. You may even have penned a draft. So far, so good, but you do have some additional things to watch out for as you write your counterclaim:

Be objective in the language you use. Do not state that you disagree with the counterclaim, or argue that some people “erroneously believe that…”, for example. Simply present the counterclaim as an alternative opinion.
Be fair. Do not caricature the viewpoint you are presenting in your counterclaim. Do not use condescending language. When you share the opposing argument, do so using words that those who hold that view may, in fact, use.
Don’t forget to include evidence. Your evidence can demonstrate that a significant percentage of people hold the view you address in your counterclaim, and it should also, where possible, back up the counterclaim. In the example we used earlier, regarding the benefits of allowing dogs to run around without being leashed, you could look for studies that show that dogs need a certain amount of physical exercise.
Be fair in your rebuttal, too. The extent to which you do this depends on your aim. If you are writing a high school or college essay, you may simply prefer to throw some hard-hitting verbal punches. If, on the other hand, you are sincerely hoping to convince people who currently hold the alternative opinion you just described that you are right, you will have to be more careful. Validate their underlying concerns or values, and explain why your argument works within that context.

Does every essay need a counterclaim?

No. There are many kinds of essays. An expository essay, for instance, simply explores a topic, and will not need a counterclaim. A narrative essay shares the writer’s personal experience, and will not require a counterclaim. Counterclaims have an important place in argumentative essays, which require the writer to demonstrate that they understand the topic thoroughly and have considered all sides.

How many counterclaims should I include?

If you make multiple claims, you may choose to write a counterclaim for each of them. Depending on the length of your essay, you may even decide to include multiple counterclaims for each claim.

How to Write an Effective Claim (with Examples)
How to Write a Counter Argument (Step-by-Step Guide)
14 Tips to Help you Write An Essay Fast
Going to the Dogs - Meaning, Origin and Usage
How to Write in the First Person Effectively
How To Write A Movie Title In An Essay

How To Write A Counterclaim For A Successful Result

You might have probably heard about a counterclaim or written one that did not go well with you, which is why you are here. We understand your frustrations and anxiety about writing counterclaims, which is why we developed this comprehensive article.

Here is what to expect:

An in-depth explanation of what a counterclaim is The necessity of a counterclaim How to write a good counterclaim Characteristics of an excellent counterclaim Structure and formatting of counterclaims

After reading this post, you will have all the information you need to craft an award-winning paper. We will not leave anything to chance until you know how to write a counterclaim like a top-class student!

What is a counterclaim in writing, why is a counterclaim necessary, how to write a counterclaim from scratch, detailed guide on how to start a counterclaim paragraph, how to write rebuttal, characteristics of a good counterclaim, example of a good counterclaim.

A counterclaim refers to an argument that opposes the author’s claim. The writer presents the claim and then refutes it, giving reasons why others should not take up the contrary view and agree with their initial stand.

The counterclaim opposes the thesis statement in your essay. So, this is how a counterclaim comes about:

You first introduce the topic in the introductory paragraph
Create a thesis statement in the last sentence
Write a counterclaim that rebuts the initial argument

Many students fail to appreciate the fact that there is a difference between a claim and a counterclaim. The claim demonstrates your position of argument or the assertion of a fact, whereas a counterclaim negates a specific claim by refuting it.

Any top-rated argumentative will always have a counterclaim which disagrees with and disapproves of a claim. Such a claim also provides reasoning that further clarifies a particular argument. The two main purposes of a counterclaim are as follows:

It enhances the credibility of the author: A strong argumentative essay will utilize the rhetorical appeal of ethos. With a counterclaim, a writer will prove that they researched extensively on the topic and are not trying to hide possible information from the audience. It also allows the writer to provide a rebuttal to the essay. The rebuttal is used to disprove the counterclaim within the writer’s argument.

For instance, if the claim is that the government should ban gun use, the counterclaim would be that it should not ban it because it infringes on human rights. There should always be reasons and evidence for you to have a successful counterclaim.

In the next few lines, we will provide all you need to know about starting a counterclaim and delivering the best! So stay tuned.

Every successful essay begins with thorough background research on the topic of discussion. Exploring all possible angles of your essay before embarking on the writing process is recommended—those who end up with a good counterclaim put in extra hours in research and extensive consultation.

You can read thousands of articles on how to write a counterclaim, but without the right background research strategies, that great essay might amount to nothing. So, if you want to crack your counterclaim paragraph like a guru, here are excellent tips for you:

Understand your topic Explore what previous authors have done on it Identify the knowledge gaps Seek facts to defend your claim

Once you have all the information needed for your topic, nothing will stand in the way of you writing a top-notch paper that will impress your professor. When you have factual proof of every statement you make in your essay, you will have a non-biased and credible paper. That means that the sources you use should always be credible and directly relevant to the topic of your essay.

After stating all the base knowledge you need about counterclaims, we now want to dive into the practical part of writing a counterclaim argument. Let’s explore how to write counterclaims by looking at the elements needed:

The main counterclaim: It states an opposing argument to the claim.
The evidence includes a previous position to show that others welcome the view.
An explanation entails providing reasons why people hold the particular view you presented.
A rebuttal: Here, you will explain the weakness of the counterclaim and present show why your original position is correct.

The process might be challenging initially, but with the right tools and expert advice, you will be up and running in minutes. A counterclaim is included in argumentative writing to address the opposite side of the argument and provide a rebuttal.

The process of writing an outstanding counterclaim in an argumentative essay is as follows:

Where do you put a counterclaim in an essay? Every top-ranking essay begins with a catchy intro comprising statistics or a rather dramatic intro to a particular problem. The thesis statement follows, and the then claim comes on stage. Therefore, the counterclaim comes after you have backed up your claims with evidence and further arguments. How long is the counterclaim? It depends on the number of counterclaims and the overall length of your essay. A typical counterclaim should be at least one paragraph long. Remember that you are not just stating it but explaining why it is so. That is why most guides on writing a counterclaim and rebuttal will recommend either writing them in one paragraph or separately. What different points of view do others hold? You should always understand all the possible points that may arise to counter your claim. Researching why people oppose your claim will give you room for a balanced and reliable paper. It requires a creative mind to determine how your claim goes against the common view. How to introduce a counterclaim now: The general rule is that you should present the contrary opinion fairly. You will only be ready to craft a brilliant counterclaim once you dive into the possible arguments that others who oppose your thesis make. Sincerely present the contrary opinion fairly.

Always remember to use transitions when moving on to present your counterclaim. Just like in a debate, the contrary side will come after the proposers have made their submissions. Therefore, you can begin your counterclaim paragraphs with the following:

On the contrary, side
Critics say that

Having presented the other side, you will detail why people also hold that view. It is where the evidence comes in to solidify your counterclaim.

It is advisable to have it in a similar paragraph where your counterclaim is, but if that is not possible, begin it in a new paragraph. However, always remember to keep it short while bringing out the following:

How the contrary position in your counterclaim is false or weak.
Presenting the advantages in the counterclaim but giving reasons why the opposite view may not hold water.
Describe how your main argument outweighs the risks in the counterclaim.

After introducing the counterclaim, you have to discuss why the counterclaim is incorrect. You can start the rebuttal in several ways, such as:

Despite this information Nevertheless However

It is your opportunity to prove why the contrary view is wrong.

You cannot achieve this milestone without considering all sides of the argument first. That is why most researchers in college and university take their time before beginning the writing process. It provides a base for the facts and opinions and saves the time one will spend completing the argumentative essay.

Acknowledging the valid points of the other side is necessary for any form of argumentative writing. This practice eliminates the thought of narrow-mindedness from the reader’s point of view, which may make your essay less effective.

Instead of making your argument look weak, a counterclaim will strengthen your essay by proving that you thoughtfully considered all possible angles before writing your essay. Nobody will accuse you of bias or inadequate research when you have a formulated counterclaim.

A good counterclaim, therefore:

Acknowledges what the opposing side says Provides evidence from the opposing side Refutes the point of view and evidence

It is also crucial to state that when you have more than one claim in your paper, there is always an option of writing a counterclaim for each. You are not limited to presenting the different counterclaims in the same essay. However, follow the structure outline above in terms of length and format.

Additional characteristics of a world-class essay include:

Objectivity in the language use
Fairness in the diction
Evidence to back up the counterclaim
Fairness in the rebuttal

By validating any underlying concerns, you eliminate room for doubt or error. Remember also to explain why your argument works in that context.

Below is a brief example of what a good counterclaim can look like, from professional dissertation writers :

“On the other hand, some students say homework presents unnecessary stress and pressure. This point of view makes sense because the article states that too much homework may be overwhelming for students, which is why most of them do not complete it. However, homework does not harm the student because the article also says that homework is necessary to test students’ understanding after classroom learning. Therefore, even though homework may cause stress and pressure on the student, it does not harm the student in any way.”

From the example, you can note the following:

Phrases that can begin a counterclaim:

On the other hand, some people say Admittedly, some people say Certainly, some people say

Phrases to refer to the initial claim:

However Nevertheless On the other hand

Phrases to bring paragraph to a conclusion:

Thus Therefore As a result

A good counterclaim will always give you an edge over your competitors in any case.

Writing A Counterclaim Can Be Very Easy

Writing an all-inclusive counterclaim is not a big deal if you have all the facts rights – our writing service and master thesis help offers top-notch assistance with an incredible team of writers and research gurus. We will help you identify winning arguments and provide you with the best rebuttals.

Do not second guess what you will score in your counterclaim essay when you can try out our custom thesis writing service today. Make your pick today and improve your score effortlessly.

Reading Skills

Developing claims and counterclaims.

The Albert Team
Last Updated On: December 27, 2023

What We Review

Introduction

When you’re diving into a persuasive speech, article, or essay, there are two key things to look out for: the claim and the counterclaim. The claim is basically what the author believes and wants you to agree with. It’s their main point or argument about a topic. On the flip side, the counterclaim is the opposite stance. It’s a position that challenges or disagrees with the author’s claim.

Getting a grip on both claims and counterclaims is super important. Why? Because it helps you become more savvy when you read different nonfiction texts. You’ll be able to spot what the writer is arguing for (the claim) and what arguments might go against it (the counterclaim). Plus, it’s a great skill for when you start making your own arguments in essays or discussions. Understanding both sides of a topic makes your own arguments stronger and more balanced.

Understanding Claims

A claim is what the author or speaker is trying to convince you of, their main point or argument. But it’s not enough just to state a claim; it needs to be backed up with solid evidence and also be ready to face counterclaims (which are basically the opposite arguments).

There are different types of claims, and knowing them can help you understand and make better arguments:

Fact : This type of claim focuses on answering questions such as, “is it true,” “did it happen,” or “who is this person?”. For example, a sample fact claim could be: “Lebron James’ I Promise School in Akron, OH provides an effective model for meeting students’ needs on educational, physical, emotional, and social levels.”
Definition : This type of claim focuses on answering questions such as, “what does this term mean in this context?” For example, a sample definition claim could be: “Being someone’s friend on social media has an entirely different meaning than being in a real-life friendship.”
Value : This type of claim focuses on answering questions such as, “is this good or bad?” or “how do we define what is good or what is bad?” For example, a sample value claim could be: “Cell phones should not be allowed in high school because these devices detract from student performance and affect students’ emotional well-being.”
Cause : This type of claim answers questions such as, “what is the cause?” and “what is the effect?” For example, a sample cause claim could be: “By reintroducing home economics classes into high school curriculum, students will be more prepared for adult responsibilities and less dependent on their parents after they graduate high school.”
Comparison : This type of claim answers questions such as, “what can we learn from comparing these two topics?” For example, a comparison claim could be: “When placed side-by-side, Marvel and DC comic book universes reveal much closer similarities between one another than one would expect.”
Policy : This type of claim answers questions such as, “what type of policies would benefit this group?” or “how should various policies be enforced in different circumstances?” For example, a policy claim could be: “Employers must provide new mothers with one year of paid leave with a guarantee of employment following this period of absence.”

No matter how strong a claim sounds, it must have a firm foundation. Otherwise, it is easily toppled by opposing counterclaims. The foundation of an effective claim is sufficient and relevant supporting evidence. Be sure to include the rebuttal of counterclaims with further supporting evidence. Sufficient supporting evidence means the writer has enough evidence to support their claim. But be careful – too much information can make your main point hard to see. And always be ready to address counterclaims with more evidence. This makes your argument stronger and shows you’ve thought about all sides of the issue.

Developing Counterclaims

A counterclaim is an opposing argument that seeks to disprove or weaken another claim.

Just like there are many different kinds of claims, there are just as many variations of counterclaims. For example, if someone wanted to counter the “Fact Claim” above, “Lebron James’ I Promise School in Akron, OH provides an effective model for meeting students’ needs on educational, physical, emotional, and social levels,” they would use sufficient and relevant evidence to argue that “Lebron James’ I Promise School in Akron, OH does not provide an effective model for meeting students’ needs on educational, physical, emotional, and social levels.”

Dealing with different viewpoints, especially on sensitive topics, can be tough. It’s not always easy to listen to opinions that go against what you believe. But here’s the thing – understanding and considering these opposing perspectives can actually make your own argument stronger. It shows that you’re open-minded and have thought about the issue from all angles. Plus, it teaches a valuable lesson: it’s totally okay to agree to disagree. Not everyone will see things the way you do, and that’s alright. In the world of persuasive writing and speaking, being able to develop and understand counterclaims is a key skill that can really take your arguments to the next level.

In school, you might practice making claims and counterclaims on topics that don’t seem super important to you. But as you grow and start forming your own strong opinions on different subjects, you’ll see how this skill really comes into play in the real world.

One thing you’ll learn is that introducing opposite opinions can sometimes lead to disagreements or conflicts. That’s just part of life. But here’s the key: to be a really good communicator, whether in your personal life or in the workplace, it’s important to know how to peacefully coexist with people who have different views.

Understanding how to discuss and debate ideas respectfully is a super valuable skill. It helps you express your own thoughts clearly while also being open to hearing what others have to say. This doesn’t mean you have to change your opinions, but being able to consider different perspectives can make you a more thoughtful and well-rounded thinker. So, as you continue to shape your views on various topics, remember that being able to agree to disagree is a part of growing into a skilled and respectful communicator.

Practice Makes Perfect

In addition to the recommended activities above, Albert provides a wide range of texts for students to analyze and interpret. For emerging readers, check out our Short Readings course, which uses short passages to reinforce fundamental reading skills. Readers at all ability levels may enjoy our Leveled Readings course. It offers Lexile® leveled passages focused on a unifying essential question. This allows you to keep all students on the same page regardless of reading level. Learn more about the Lexile Framework here !

For authentic practice, check out our Essential Readings in Literature course. This course provides an overview of the core texts that American students often read in English class. Each text is broken down by skill, ensuring that students approach their reading from every angle.

With our easy-to-use interface and informative feedback, Albert.io is the perfect tool for reinforcing close reading skills and helping students develop a deeper understanding of the texts they encounter.

Interested in a school license?

AP® Score Calculators

Simulate how different MCQ and FRQ scores translate into AP® scores

AP® Review Guides

The ultimate review guides for AP® subjects to help you plan and structure your prep.

Core Subject Review Guides

Review the most important topics in Physics and Algebra 1 .

SAT® Score Calculator

See how scores on each section impacts your overall SAT® score

ACT® Score Calculator

See how scores on each section impacts your overall ACT® score

Grammar Review Hub

Comprehensive review of grammar skills

AP® Posters

Download updated posters summarizing the main topics and structure for each AP® exam.

Interested in a school license?

Bring Albert to your school and empower all teachers with the world's best question bank for: ➜ SAT® & ACT® ➜ AP® ➜ ELA, Math, Science, & Social Studies aligned to state standards ➜ State assessments Options for teachers, schools, and districts.

Skip to primary navigation
Skip to main content
Skip to primary sidebar
Skip to footer

Healthy Happy Teacher

Helping hardworking teachers stay healthy and happy.

How to Write a Counterclaim [Explained Simply!]

Counterclaims are an essential part of a top-notch argumentative essay. After all, they show that you’ve thoroughly researched and considered both sides of the issue before deciding on your particular stance.

There’s just one problem: they can be a little tricky to write without weakening your main argument, as you may already be aware!

That’s why we put together this guide on writing a counterclaim that will only enhance your position in an argumentative essay and not take anything away from it.

By the end of this article, you’ll be writing counterclaims like a pro – and get that grade you deserve on your next paper. Let’s get started!

What Is a Counterclaim in Writing?

Before we get into how to write one, let’s clarify what we mean by “counterclaim.” In writing, a counterclaim is an opposing argument that goes against the thesis statement of a paper.

It shows your audience that you have researched the topic thoroughly by looking into both sides of the issue and that you’re not trying to hide any important information that refutes your thesis.

Not only that, a well-written counterclaim can even help you win over those who don’t agree with your main claim or argument – especially when you make some good points in your rebuttal paragraph (which we will get into as well).

For example, let’s say you’re writing an argumentative essay on the use of cellphones in schools. If your claim is that they should be allowed at all times because they can help support learning, then the counterclaim could be that they’re more distracting than anything else.

How to Write a Counterclaim

The key to excellent argumentative writing is to make your position convincing and clear while acknowledging – not to mention rebutting – the counterarguments. Fortunately, you can break down the process of crafting a great counterclaim into four simple steps:

1. Research, Research, Research

Of course, a thorough understanding of your position on the topic is essential, but you should also have a good grasp of the main arguments of your opponents.

It’s not enough to just know what the arguments are – you need to know why other people feel this way.

For example, going back to our cellphone paper. If one of the main counterclaims is that cellphones are distracting in schools, you need to find out what is driving these opinions. Are there facts to back it up, or is this purely based on anecdotal evidence?

Once you feel like you have a firm grasp on the opposing view, you can move on to the next step.

2. Determine Where to Put the Counterclaim

A well-written essay typically starts with a few introductory sentences to capture the reader’s attention. Next comes the thesis and the claims (backed with plenty of research and evidence, of course).

By this point, your stance on the issue should be clear, so it’s usually safe to start including your counterclaims in the body of the essay.

As to where exactly you should include your counterclaims, two of the best options include the following:

In the paragraphs. If your paper has several claims you want to counter, then you may address each one in the paragraphs. This is often most effective right after supporting your claims with evidence and arguments.
Before the conclusion. This is often the preferred place for counterclaims, especially in shorter essays. It’s a good option because your reader should have a firm grasp of your position at this point, so the counterclaims shouldn’t really weaken your main arguments.

Remember that your counterclaim paragraph(s) should be separate from your introduction and conclusion. As long as it’s outside these areas, your counterclaim should be in a perfectly acceptable position in the paper.

3. Figure Out How Long Your Counterclaim Should Be

It isn’t time to start writing yet! Now that you’ve identified your counterclaim or counterclaims, you need to figure out how much space to devote to it in your essay.

You’ll want to cover the opposing side as concisely as possible, as you don’t want to give them more space than your claims. This is especially important if you have a specific word count; dragging out a counterclaim argument for too long may not leave enough room for you to argue your position properly.

In most cases, one short paragraph per counterclaim should do the trick. Just remember that you need to explain the opposing argument and why others feel this way.

4. Consider How to Present the Counterclaim Fairly

Before you officially start typing things out, one of the most important things to consider is how you will present your counterclaim fairly. You don’t want to present the opposing view with an obvious bias, as it may take away from the credibility of your paper.

And besides, you shouldn’t have to put the other viewpoint down to clarify your stance!

You should have already put lots of strong evidence and arguments in favor of your position throughout your paper, so trying to understand and present the opposing viewpoint fairly shouldn’t weaken your claims too much.

5. Write Your Counterclaim

You’re finally ready to write your counterclaim! The first thing you need to do is include an appropriate transition to help with the flow of your paper.

Some good transitions include:

Critics have argued that…
On the other side of the argument, people are concerned that…
The contrasting viewpoint indicates that…

Once you have chosen an appropriate transition and stated the opposing viewpoint, you can describe why people feel this way. And don’t forget your evidence! As with your claims, you need to show that you’ve done the research to support this position.

From here, you can write your rebuttal explaining any issues or weaknesses with the counterclaim. This is essential to solidifying your original position.

Some suggestions for a good rebuttal include:

Detailing the particular weaknesses with the counterclaim
Acknowledging that while these viewpoints have some merit, there is a solution that renders it baseless
Showing that the benefits of your claims outweigh the risks of the counterclaims
Pointing out that the benefits of the counterclaim are exceedingly rare

Tips on Writing a Great Counterclaim

Want to make a good counterclaim even better? Remember these tips when writing:

Objectivity is key. As passionately as you may feel about your position, do your best to remain objective when presenting a counterclaim. For example, avoid saying things like “critics mistakenly believe that…”
Don’t leave out information on purpose. If you find evidence for your counterclaim supported by research, don’t leave it out of your paper to avoid weakening your argument. Instead, explain why it is weaker than your claims.
Read through other essays. If you’re still unsure what a good counterclaim looks like, read professional-level papers to see how others have done it.
A second set of eyes is always helpful! If you can, get someone to read through your paper to make sure your counterclaim is clear, objective, and concise. You may also want their opinion on whether your rebuttal is effective enough to dispute the main points of your counterclaim.

The Bottom Line

Though it may seem daunting, writing an effective counterclaim doesn’t have to be difficult.

Just remember to do your research, avoid putting it in the introduction and conclusion, keep it to a paragraph, present it fairly, and transition into it appropriately.

And most of all, do your best to put any biases aside and remain objective.

By following these tips, writing counterclaims will become second nature to you in no time. Good luck with your next paper!

Reader Interactions

404 Not found

Your version of Internet Explorer is either running in "Compatibility View" or is too outdated to display this site. If you believe your version of Internet Explorer is up to date, please remove this site from Compatibility View by opening Tools > Compatibility View settings (IE11) or clicking the broken page icon in your address bar (IE9, IE10)

Missouri S&T Missouri S&T

Future Students
Current Students
Faculty and Staff
writingcenter.mst.edu
Online Resources
Writing Guides
Counter Arguments

Writing and Communication Center

314 Curtis Laws Wilson Library, 400 W 14th St Rolla, MO 65409 United States
(573) 341-4436
[email protected]

Counter Argument

One way to strengthen your argument and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the issue you are discussing is to anticipate and address counter arguments, or objections. By considering opposing views, you show that you have thought things through, and you dispose of some of the reasons your audience might have for not accepting your argument. Ask yourself what someone who disagrees with you might say in response to each of the points you’ve made or about your position as a whole.

If you can’t immediately imagine another position, here are some strategies to try:

Do some research. It may seem to you that no one could possibly disagree with the position you are taking, but someone probably has. Look around to see what stances people have and do take on the subject or argument you plan to make, so that you know what environment you are addressing.
Talk with a friend or with your instructor. Another person may be able to play devil’s advocate and suggest counter arguments that haven’t occurred to you.
Consider each of your supporting points individually. Even if you find it difficult to see why anyone would disagree with your central argument, you may be able to imagine more easily how someone could disagree with the individual parts of your argument. Then you can see which of these counter arguments are most worth considering. For example, if you argued “Cats make the best pets. This is because they are clean and independent,” you might imagine someone saying “Cats do not make the best pets. They are dirty and demanding.”

Once you have considered potential counter arguments, decide how you might respond to them: Will you concede that your opponent has a point but explain why your audience should nonetheless accept your argument? Or will you reject the counterargument and explain why it is mistaken? Either way, you will want to leave your reader with a sense that your argument is stronger than opposing arguments.

Two strategies are available to incorporate counter arguments into your essay:

Refutation:

Refutation seeks to disprove opposing arguments by pointing out their weaknesses. This approach is generally most effective if it is not hostile or sarcastic; with methodical, matter-of-fact language, identify the logical, theoretical, or factual flaws of the opposition.

For example, in an essay supporting the reintroduction of wolves into western farmlands, a writer might refute opponents by challenging the logic of their assumptions:

Although some farmers have expressed concern that wolves might pose a threat to the safety of sheep, cattle, or even small children, their fears are unfounded. Wolves fear humans even more than humans fear wolves and will trespass onto developed farmland only if desperate for food. The uninhabited wilderness that will become the wolves’ new home has such an abundance of food that there is virtually no chance that these shy animals will stray anywhere near humans.

Here, the writer acknowledges the opposing view (wolves will endanger livestock and children) and refutes it (the wolves will never be hungry enough to do so).

Accommodation:

Accommodation acknowledges the validity of the opposing view, but argues that other considerations outweigh it. In other words, this strategy turns the tables by agreeing (to some extent) with the opposition.

For example, the writer arguing for the reintroduction of wolves might accommodate the opposing view by writing:

Critics of the program have argued that reintroducing wolves is far too expensive a project to be considered seriously at this time. Although the reintroduction program is costly, it will only become more costly the longer it is put on hold. Furthermore, wolves will help control the population of pest animals in the area, saving farmers money on extermination costs. Finally, the preservation of an endangered species is worth far more to the environment and the ecological movement than the money that taxpayers would save if this wolf relocation initiative were to be abandoned.

This writer acknowledges the opposing position (the program is too expensive), agrees (yes, it is expensive), and then argues that despite the expense the program is worthwhile.

Some Final Hints

Don’t play dirty. When you summarize opposing arguments, be charitable. Present each argument fairly and objectively, rather than trying to make it look foolish. You want to convince your readers that you have carefully considered all sides of the issues and that you are not simply attacking or caricaturing your opponents.

Sometimes less is more. It is usually better to consider one or two serious counter arguments in some depth, rather than to address every counterargument.

Keep an open mind. Be sure that your reply is consistent with your original argument. Careful consideration of counter arguments can complicate or change your perspective on an issue. There’s nothing wrong with adopting a different perspective or changing your mind, but if you do, be sure to revise your thesis accordingly.

Questions? Call us:

Email:

How it works
Testimonials

Essay Writing

Essay service
Essay writers
College essay service
Write my essay
Pay for essay
Essay topics

Term Paper Writing

Term paper service
Buy term papers
Term paper help
Term paper writers
College term papers
Write my term paper
Pay for term paper
Term paper topic

Research Paper Writing

Research paper service
Buy research paper
Research paper help
Research paper writers
College research papers
Write my research paper
Pay for research paper
Research paper topics

Dissertation Writing

Dissertation service
Buy dissertation
Dissertation help
Dissertation writers
College thesis
Write my dissertation
Pay for dissertation
Dissertation topics

Other Services

Custom writing services
Speech writing service
Movie review writing
Editing service
Assignment writing
Article writing service
Book report writing
Book review writing

Popular request:

How to write counterclaim: essential guide.

October 20, 2021

Are you trying to address your opinion and convince someone of your point of view? A counterclaim is what you need! A claim is an idea or an opinion that someone stands by. A counterclaim, however, is an opposing point of view about the concept. A strategic argumentative essay defines what the other side may say and explains why their claim is wrong; this is a counterclaim.

A counterclaim is included in argumentative writing and thesis to convince the reader to accept your claim. It’s essential to craft a good counterclaim to convince and get the reader on your side. The blog will provide you with complete insight into everything you need to know about writing counterclaims.

What is a Counterclaim in Writing?

A counterclaim is the other side of the argument or your original claim. In your claim, you make clear what you plan to prove. The counterclaim paragraph shows the opponent’s side of viewpoint and defines it in a way that seems weak and invalid.

The main aim behind the counterclaim is to convince the reader of your point of view. Hence, it’s essential to write a strong counterclaim paragraph to answer all the potential arguments the reader might have. A counterclaim essay, if done well, shows that the writer has considered both sides of the picture, which strengthens its position. Argumentative writing, thesis, or any other assignments that may involve convincing the audience in favor of your point of view can Use counterclaims to persuade the audience of the writer’s opinion. Any form of writing that involves more than one point of you can use claims and counterclaims to simplify the situation.

An argumentative essay is written in the following steps: Claim Counterclaim/ Counterclaims Rebuttal

Learning how to draft counterclaims is essential for every student. Individuals may need to convince the audience of their point of view when they step into real life. If you find yourself in any form of debate, you will always have a claim to fight for. You will have to create counterclaims to tell the audience about all the aspects that you have considered and then let them know the best possible option through a rebuttal.

The concept of counterclaims is also helpful for Law and business students in attaining their degrees. For law students, many cases may require a lawyer to draft a substantial counterclaim and rebuttal for the opponent in the legal issues. Likewise, in the business field, the concept of counterclaim may help the business evaluate the effectiveness of each contract. Also, considering all the contradictory aspects of your claim in any form of writing creates a good impression. The writer appears to be thoughtful, and just by considering and mentioning all the arguments, there may be present against his claim.

Claims vs. Counterclaims

How to find counterclaim.

There are a few steps and options to consider when trying to find a counterclaim:

You need to identify the target audience that will be most affected by the claim.
After you have identified your target audience, you can do quick questioning from an individual representing each group against their problems with your claim.
Meanwhile, the writer should also form an idea of the possible alternative points of view the audience may have against the main claim.
An alternative to finding a counterclaim is to note down all the disadvantages or alternative explanations that your target audience may have. However, the first option is more effective as this may allow you to find the counterclaims that may not be in your mind.

Where Do You Put A Counterclaim in an Essay?

When writing counterclaims in an essay, it’s essential to introduce the reader to the claim or the original argument. The claim is your point of view and can be argued by the reader. There is usually one main claim for which the argumentative essay revolves around. The claim is generally introduced in the introductory paragraph of your article or thesis. Right after the claim comes your counterclaim, which are the possible concerns the audience might have against your claim.

How to Introduce A Counterclaim?

There are various options you can consider on how to start a counterclaim paragraph, for example:

“On the other hand, some people say….” “Certainly, some people say….” “Admittedly, some people might say….” “A common counterpoint is often….”

You can start the counterclaim by explaining what counter-arguments the claim has. A good counterclaim paragraph will strengthen your essay and your position in the eyes of the reader.

How to Write a Counterclaim?

When writing a counterclaim, you need to imagine a skeptical reader and then draft your counterclaim paragraph. In the counterclaim, cite all the critics or sources who may resist your claim. The main aim behind the counterclaim is to address all the possible concerns of the reader to refute them. You can manage them by using the following words:

“However, some socials would certainly believe….” “Here, many feminists would argue….” “The opposing view is that….”

Moreover, it’s also vital that you evaluate your claim for all the possible problems and disadvantages that the claim may have. After introducing the counterclaim, discuss why it is incorrect. Also, use this part of the essay to think of alternate solutions that the claim may have in the following words:

“Alternatively, the issue could be viewed….” “Others may conclude….” “Despite this information….”

Explain the counterclaim as clearly and briefly as you can. It’s also an excellent strategy to prove where possible to weaken the opponent’s point of view.

How to Write A Good Counterclaim?

There are few tips that you can keep in mind when drafting a counterclaim.

Never introduce your counterclaim in the introductory paragraph: It’s a rule you should abide by to create an effective essay. Stating a counterclaim in the introduction makes the essay look vague.
When you start your counterclaim do not state it as right or wrong: Talk about why a counterclaim is believed instead of considering it right or wrong. Write a counterclaim in a way that the reader automatically turns in your favor.
Always choose the best words for your counterclaim: You don’t want to sound rude to the reader so always choose the words wisely.
It’s also essential to be just and unbiased as you write a counterclaim: To strengthen your thesis or argument you should always sound unbiased towards your opinion. The reader should know that you talking on the basis of facts and you don’t just want to implement your point of view.
Always provide evidence that supports your counterclaim: Providing evidence where ever possible is another great way to write counterclaims. Providing evidence to support the counterclaim makes it easier to convince the reader of your claim.

What Is A Rebuttal?

Your response to the counterclaim is known as the rebuttal. In this section, you showcase the evidence that disagrees with the counterclaim. You present all your reasoning to shoot down the opponent’s disagreement and bring them to your side. The comebacks are always intense; likewise, a rebuttal paragraph should clearly explain why you support your claim. An excellent rebuttal might involve research to get the full knowledge of the facts. This will also allow you to resolve the argument in the best way.

How To Write Counterclaim And Rebuttal?

After the counterclaim argument, we come to the solution in the form of a rebuttal. In the counterclaim, the paragraph mentions the counterargument a reader might have for your claim. Then we move on to resolving the debate by writing a rebuttal. It’s crucial to sound polite as you start with your rebuttal. The tone of your essay can make a significant impact on the audience; therefore, make sure to respect the different options as you write a rebuttal. There are few examples of how you can begin your rebuttal:

“Although some people think..others understand….” “The Evidence, however, clearly supports the argument that….” “This may be an understandable concern, however….”

Moreover, provide a point-by-point reply to all the counterclaims you have outlined. Make sure not to miss out on any counterclaim otherwise, your essay will look incomplete and vague. Also, if you miss out on any counterclaim in your rebuttal, this may weaken your claim. Rebuttal marks the end of your argument, so it’s advised to finish it with friendly and positive sentences. The tone of the rebuttal will let the audience know that you have done your best to come up with the best solution to the counterclaim. Lastly, when your rebuttal is done and your argument is sorted, it’s time to review your work. Read your work from the perspective of the reviewer. Will they be satisfied by the explanations you have given? Is the text clear and easily comprehendible? If the answer to all these questions is yes, you can submit your paper or argument confidently.

Example Of Claim, Counterclaim, And Rebuttal

Claim: Cellphones should be banned from school as they distract students from learning Counterclaim: Others may say that students should carry cell phones for emergency purposes. Rebuttal: There are many other less disruptive ways parents can use to communicate with their kids.

Need Help Writing A Counterclaim?

Writing a counterclaim for your thesis can be tricky, and you may need help with your work. Our writing services offer assistance for writing counterclaims. They offer reliable and creative solutions for all your writing needs. Our writers make sure to do proper research for the content so that there is no room for error. Our researchers are well versed in the services they offer. The writing services can easily be accessed online and cater to all the assignments of college, university, and other classes. You can contact the writing services for a custom-based package if you hire them for a long-term basis. Even the professors can benefit from the writing services by getting their student’s work proofread.

Take a break from writing.

Top academic experts are here for you.

How To Write An Autobiography Guideline And Useful Advice
182 Best Classification Essay Topics To Learn And Write About
How To Manage Stress In College: Top Practical Tips
How To Write A Narrative Essay: Definition, Tips, And A Step-by-Step Guide
How To Write Article Review Like Professional
Great Problem Solution Essay Topics
Creating Best Stanford Roommate Essay
Costco Essay – Best Writing Guide
How To Quote A Dialogue
Wonderful Expository Essay Topics
Research Paper Topics For 2020
Interesting Persuasive Essay Topics

Link to facebook
Link to linkedin
Link to twitter
Link to youtube
Writing Tips

A Guide to Rebuttals in Argumentative Essays

4-minute read

27th May 2023

Rebuttals are an essential part of a strong argument. But what are they, exactly, and how can you use them effectively? Read on to find out.

What Is a Rebuttal?

When writing an argumentative essay , there’s always an opposing point of view. You can’t present an argument without the possibility of someone disagreeing.

Sure, you could just focus on your argument and ignore the other perspective, but that weakens your essay. Coming up with possible alternative points of view, or counterarguments, and being prepared to address them, gives you an edge. A rebuttal is your response to these opposing viewpoints.

How Do Rebuttals Work?

With a rebuttal, you can take the fighting power away from any opposition to your idea before they have a chance to attack. For a rebuttal to work, it needs to follow the same formula as the other key points in your essay: it should be researched, developed, and presented with evidence.

Rebuttals in Action

Suppose you’re writing an essay arguing that strawberries are the best fruit. A potential counterargument could be that strawberries don’t work as well in baked goods as other berries do, as they can get soggy and lose some of their flavor. Your rebuttal would state this point and then explain why it’s not valid:

Read on for a few simple steps to formulating an effective rebuttal.

Step 1. Come up with a Counterargument

A strong rebuttal is only possible when there’s a strong counterargument. You may be convinced of your idea but try to place yourself on the other side. Rather than addressing weak opposing views that are easy to fend off, try to come up with the strongest claims that could be made.

In your essay, explain the counterargument and agree with it. That’s right, agree with it – to an extent. State why there’s some truth to it and validate the concerns it presents.

Step 2. Point Out Its Flaws

Now that you’ve presented a counterargument, poke holes in it . To do so, analyze the argument carefully and notice if there are any biases or caveats that weaken it. Looking at the claim that strawberries don’t work well in baked goods, a weakness could be that this argument only applies when strawberries are baked in a pie.

Find this useful?

Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.

Step 3. Present New Points

Once you reveal the counterargument’s weakness, present a new perspective, and provide supporting evidence to show that your argument is still the correct one. This means providing new points that the opposer may not have considered when presenting their claim.

Offering new ideas that weaken a counterargument makes you come off as authoritative and informed, which will make your readers more likely to agree with you.

Summary: Rebuttals

Rebuttals are essential when presenting an argument. Even if a counterargument is stronger than your point, you can construct an effective rebuttal that stands a chance against it.

We hope this guide helps you to structure and format your argumentative essay . And once you’ve finished writing, send a copy to our expert editors. We’ll ensure perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, referencing, and more. Try it out for free today!

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a rebuttal in an essay.

A rebuttal is a response to a counterargument. It presents the potential counterclaim, discusses why it could be valid, and then explains why the original argument is still correct.

How do you form an effective rebuttal?

To use rebuttals effectively, come up with a strong counterclaim and respectfully point out its weaknesses. Then present new ideas that fill those gaps and strengthen your point.

Share this article:

Post A New Comment

Got content that needs a quick turnaround? Let us polish your work. Explore our editorial business services.

3-minute read

What Is a Content Editor?

Are you interested in learning more about the role of a content editor and the...

The Benefits of Using an Online Proofreading Service

Proofreading is important to ensure your writing is clear and concise for your readers. Whether...

2-minute read

6 Online AI Presentation Maker Tools

Creating presentations can be time-consuming and frustrating. Trying to construct a visually appealing and informative...

What Is Market Research?

No matter your industry, conducting market research helps you keep up to date with shifting...

8 Press Release Distribution Services for Your Business

In a world where you need to stand out, press releases are key to being...

How to Get a Patent

In the United States, the US Patent and Trademarks Office issues patents. In the United...

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.

When you write an academic essay, you make an argument: you propose a thesis and offer some reasoning, using evidence, that suggests why the thesis is true. When you counter-argue, you consider a possible argument against your thesis or some aspect of your reasoning. This is a good way to test your ideas when drafting, while you still have time to revise them. And in the finished essay, it can be a persuasive and (in both senses of the word) disarming tactic. It allows you to anticipate doubts and pre-empt objections that a skeptical reader might have; it presents you as the kind of person who weighs alternatives before arguing for one, who confronts difficulties instead of sweeping them under the rug, who is more interested in discovering the truth than winning a point.

Not every objection is worth entertaining, of course, and you shouldn't include one just to include one. But some imagining of other views, or of resistance to one's own, occurs in most good essays. And instructors are glad to encounter counterargument in student papers, even if they haven't specifically asked for it.

The Turn Against

Counterargument in an essay has two stages: you turn against your argument to challenge it and then you turn back to re-affirm it. You first imagine a skeptical reader, or cite an actual source, who might resist your argument by pointing out

a problem with your demonstration, e.g., that a different conclusion could be drawn from the same facts, a key assumption is unwarranted, a key term is used unfairly, certain evidence is ignored or played down;
one or more disadvantages or practical drawbacks to what you propose;
an alternative explanation or proposal that makes more sense.

You introduce this turn against with a phrase like One might object here that... or It might seem that... or It's true that... or Admittedly,... or Of course,... or with an anticipated challenging question: But how...? or But why...? or But isn't this just...? or But if this is so, what about...? Then you state the case against yourself as briefly but as clearly and forcefully as you can, pointing to evidence where possible. (An obviously feeble or perfunctory counterargument does more harm than good.)

The Turn Back

Your return to your own argument—which you announce with a but, yet, however, nevertheless or still —must likewise involve careful reasoning, not a flippant (or nervous) dismissal. In reasoning about the proposed counterargument, you may

refute it, showing why it is mistaken—an apparent but not real problem;
acknowledge its validity or plausibility, but suggest why on balance it's relatively less important or less likely than what you propose, and thus doesn't overturn it;
concede its force and complicate your idea accordingly—restate your thesis in a more exact, qualified, or nuanced way that takes account of the objection, or start a new section in which you consider your topic in light of it. This will work if the counterargument concerns only an aspect of your argument; if it undermines your whole case, you need a new thesis.

Where to Put a Counterargument

Counterargument can appear anywhere in the essay, but it most commonly appears

as part of your introduction—before you propose your thesis—where the existence of a different view is the motive for your essay, the reason it needs writing;
as a section or paragraph just after your introduction, in which you lay out the expected reaction or standard position before turning away to develop your own;
as a quick move within a paragraph, where you imagine a counterargument not to your main idea but to the sub-idea that the paragraph is arguing or is about to argue;
as a section or paragraph just before the conclusion of your essay, in which you imagine what someone might object to what you have argued.

But watch that you don't overdo it. A turn into counterargument here and there will sharpen and energize your essay, but too many such turns will have the reverse effect by obscuring your main idea or suggesting that you're ambivalent.

Counterargument in Pre-Writing and Revising

Good thinking constantly questions itself, as Socrates observed long ago. But at some point in the process of composing an essay, you need to switch off the questioning in your head and make a case. Having such an inner conversation during the drafting stage, however, can help you settle on a case worth making. As you consider possible theses and begin to work on your draft, ask yourself how an intelligent person might plausibly disagree with you or see matters differently. When you can imagine an intelligent disagreement, you have an arguable idea.

And, of course, the disagreeing reader doesn't need to be in your head: if, as you're starting work on an essay, you ask a few people around you what they think of topic X (or of your idea about X) and keep alert for uncongenial remarks in class discussion and in assigned readings, you'll encounter a useful disagreement somewhere. Awareness of this disagreement, however you use it in your essay, will force you to sharpen your own thinking as you compose. If you come to find the counterargument truer than your thesis, consider making it your thesis and turning your original thesis into a counterargument. If you manage to draft an essay without imagining a counterargument, make yourself imagine one before you revise and see if you can integrate it.

Gordon Harvey (adapted from The Academic Essay: A Brief Anatomy), for the Writing Center at Harvard University

Collaboration, information literacy, writing process, counterarguments – rebuttal – refutation.

Ignoring what your target audience thinks and feels about your argument isn't a recipe for success. Instead, engage in audience analysis : ask yourself, "How is your target audience likely to respond to your propositions? What counterarguments -- arguments about your argument -- will your target audience likely raise before considering your propositions?"

Baseball payers argue with one another as well as the ref.

Counterargument Definition

C ounterargument refers to an argument given in response to another argument that takes an alternative approach to the issue at hand.

C ounterargument may also be known as rebuttal or refutation .

Related Concepts: Audience Awareness ; Authority (in Speech and Writing) ; Critical Literacy ; Ethos ; Openness ; Researching Your Audience

Guide to Counterarguments in Writing Studies

Counterarguments are a topic of study in Writing Studies as

Rhetors engage in rhetorical reasoning : They analyze the rebuttals their target audiences may have to their claims , interpretations , propositions, and proposals
Rhetors may develop counterarguments by questioning a rhetor’s backing , data , qualifiers, and/or warrants
Rhetors begin arguments with sincere summaries of counterarguments
a strategy of Organization .

Learning about the placement of counterarguments in Toulmin Argument , Arisotelian Argument , and Rogerian Argument will help you understand when you need to introduce counterarguments and how thoroughly you need to address them.

Why Do Counterarguments Matter?

If your goal is clarity and persuasion, you cannot ignore what your target audience thinks, feels, and does about the argument. To communicate successfully with audiences, rhetors need to engage in audience analysis : they need to understand the arguments against their argument that the audience may hold.

Imagine that you are scrolling through your social media feed when you see a post from an old friend. As you read, you immediately feel that your friend’s post doesn’t make sense. “They can’t possibly believe that!” you tell yourself. You quickly reply “I’m not sure I agree. Why do you believe that?” Your friend then posts a link to an article and tells you to see for yourself.

There are many ways to analyze your friend’s social media post or the professor’s article your friend shared. You might, for example, evaluate the professor’s article by using the CRAAP Test or by conducting a rhetorical analysis of their aims and ethos . After engaging in these prewriting heuristics to get a better sense of what your friend knows and feels about the topic at hand, you may feel more prepared to respond to their arguments and also sense how they might react to your post.

Toulmin Counterarguments

There’s more than one way to counter an argument.

In Toulmin Argument , a counterargument can be made against the writer’s claim by questioning their backing , data , qualifiers, and/or warrants . For example, let’s say we wrote the following argument:

“Social media is bad for you (claim) because it always (qualifier) promotes an unrealistic standard of beauty (backing). In this article, researchers found that most images were photoshopped (data). Standards should be realistic; if they are not, those standards are bad (warrant).”

Besides noting we might have a series of logical fallacies here, counterarguments and dissociations can be made against each of these parts:

Against the qualifier: Social media does not always promote unrealistic standards.
Against the backing : Social media presents but does not promote unrealistic standards.
Against the data : This article focuses on Instagram; these findings are not applicable to Twitter.
Against the warrant : How we approach standards matters more than the standards themselves; standards do not need to be realistic, but rather we need to be realistic about how we approach standards.

In generating and considering counterarguments and conditions of rebuttal, it is important to consider how we approach alternative views. Alternative viewpoints are opportunities not only to strengthen and contrast our own arguments with those of others; alternative viewpoints are also opportunities to nuance and develop our own arguments.

Let us continue to look at our social media argument and potential counterarguments. We might prepare responses to each of these potential counterarguments, anticipating the ways in which our audience might try to shift how we frame this situation. However, we might also concede that some of these counterarguments actually have good points.

For example, we might still believe that social media is bad, but perhaps we also need to consider more about

What factors make it worse (nuance the qualifier)?
Whether or not social media is a neutral tool or whether algorithms take advantage of our baser instincts (nuance the backing )
Whether this applies to all social media or whether we want to focus on just one social media platform (nuance the data )
How should we approach social standards (nuance the warrant )?

Identifying counterarguments can help us strengthen our arguments by helping us recognize the complexity of the issue at hand.

Neoclassical Argument – Aristotelian Argument

Learn how to compose a counterargument passage or section.

While Toulmin Argument focuses on the nuts and bolts of argumentation, a counterargument can also act as an entire section of an Aristotelian Argument . This section typically comes after you have presented your own lines of argument and evidence .

This section typically consists of two rhetorical moves :

Examples of Counterarguments

By introducing counterarguments, we show we are aware of alternative viewpoints— other definitions, explanations, meanings, solutions, etc. We want to show that we are good listeners and aren’t committing the strawman fallacy . We also concede some of the alternative viewpoints that we find most persuasive. By making concessions, we can show that we are reasonable ( ethos ) and that we are listening . Rogerian Argument is an example of building listening more fully into our writing.

Using our social media example, we might write:

I recognize that in many ways social media is only as good as the content that people upload to it. As Professor X argues, social media amplifies both the good and the bad of human nature.

Once we’ve shown that we understand and recognize good arguments when we see them, we put forward our response to the counterclaim. In our response, we do not simply dismiss alternative viewpoints, but provide our own backing, data, and warrants to show that we, in fact, have the more compelling position.

To counter Professor X’s argument, we might write:

At the same time, there are clear instances where social media amplifies the bad over the good by design. While content matters, the design of social media is only as good as the people who created it.

Through conceding and countering, we can show that we recognize others’ good points and clarify where we stand in relation to others’ arguments.

Counterarguments and Organization

Learn when and how to weave counterarguments into your texts.

As we write, it is also important to consider the extent to which we will respond to counterarguments. If we focus too much on counterarguments, we run the risk of downplaying our own contributions. If we focus too little on counterarguments, we run the risk of seeming aloof and unaware of reality. Ideally, we will be somewhere in between these two extremes.

There are many places to respond to counterarguments in our writing. Where you place your counterarguments will depend on the rhetorical situation (ex: audience , purpose, subject ), your rhetorical stance (how you want to present yourself), and your sense of kairos . Here are some common choices based on a combination of these rhetorical situation factors:

If a counterargument is well-established for your audience, you may want to respond to that counterargument earlier in your essay, clearing the field and creating space for you to make your own arguments. An essay about gun rights, for example, would need to make it clear very quickly that it is adding something new to this old debate. Doing so shows your audience that you are very aware of their needs.
If a counterargument is especially well-established for your audience and you simply want to prove that it is incorrect rather than discuss another solution, you might respond to it point by point, structuring your whole essay as an extended refutation. Fact-checking and commentary articles often make this move. Responding point by point shows that you take the other’s point of view seriously.
If you are discussing something relatively unknown or new to your audience (such as a problem with black mold in your dormitory), you might save your response for after you have made your points. Including alternative viewpoints even here shows that you are aware of the situation and have nothing to hide.

Whichever you choose, remember that counterarguments are opportunities to ethically engage with alternative viewpoints and your audience.

The following questions can guide you as you begin to think about counterarguments:

What is your argument ? What alternative positions might exist as counterarguments to your argument?
How can considering counterarguments strengthen your argument?
Given possible counterarguments, what points might you reconsider or concede?
To what extent might you respond to counterarguments in your essay so that they can create and respond to the rhetorical situation ?
Where might you place your counterarguments in your essay?
What might including counterarguments do for your ethos ?

Recommended Resources

Sweetland Center for Writing (n.d.). “ How Do I Incorporate a Counterargument? ” University of Michigan.
The Writing Center (n.d.) “ All About Counterarguments .” George Mason University.
Lachner, N. (n.d.). “ Counterarguments .” University of Nevada Reno, University Writing and Speaking Center.
Jeffrey, R. (n.d.). “ Questions for Thinking about Counterarguments .” In M. Gagich and E. Zickel, A Guide to Rhetoric, Genre, and Success in First-Year Writing.
Kause, S. (2011). “ On the Other Hand: The Role of Antithetical Writing in First Year Composition Courses .” Writing Spaces Vol. 2.
Burton, G. “ Refutatio .” Silvae Rhetoricae.

Toulmin, S. (1958). The Uses of Argument. Cambridge University Press.

Perelman, C. and Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. (1971). “The Dissociation of Concepts”; “The Interaction of Arguments,” in The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation (pp. 411-459, 460-508), University of Notre Dame Press.

Mozafari, C. (2018). “Crafting Counterarguments,” in Fearless Writing: Rhetoric, Inquiry, Argument (pp. 333-337), MacMillian Learning

Brevity - Say More with Less

Clarity (in Speech and Writing)

Coherence - How to Achieve Coherence in Writing

Flow - How to Create Flow in Writing

Inclusivity - Inclusive Language

The Elements of Style - The DNA of Powerful Writing

Suggested Edits

Please select the purpose of your message. * - Corrections, Typos, or Edits Technical Support/Problems using the site Advertising with Writing Commons Copyright Issues I am contacting you about something else
Your full name
Your email address *
Page URL needing edits *
Email This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Citation - Definition - Introduction to Citation in Academic & Professional Writing

Joseph M. Moxley

Explore the different ways to cite sources in academic and professional writing, including in-text (Parenthetical), numerical, and note citations.

Collaboration - What is the Role of Collaboration in Academic & Professional Writing?

Collaboration refers to the act of working with others or AI to solve problems, coauthor texts, and develop products and services. Collaboration is a highly prized workplace competency in academic...

Genre may reference a type of writing, art, or musical composition; socially-agreed upon expectations about how writers and speakers should respond to particular rhetorical situations; the cultural values; the epistemological assumptions...

Grammar refers to the rules that inform how people and discourse communities use language (e.g., written or spoken English, body language, or visual language) to communicate. Learn about the rhetorical...

Information Literacy - Discerning Quality Information from Noise

Information Literacy refers to the competencies associated with locating, evaluating, using, and archiving information. In order to thrive, much less survive in a global information economy — an economy where information functions as a...

Mindset refers to a person or community’s way of feeling, thinking, and acting about a topic. The mindsets you hold, consciously or subconsciously, shape how you feel, think, and act–and...

Rhetoric: Exploring Its Definition and Impact on Modern Communication

Learn about rhetoric and rhetorical practices (e.g., rhetorical analysis, rhetorical reasoning, rhetorical situation, and rhetorical stance) so that you can strategically manage how you compose and subsequently produce a text...

Style, most simply, refers to how you say something as opposed to what you say. The style of your writing matters because audiences are unlikely to read your work or...

The Writing Process - Research on Composing

The writing process refers to everything you do in order to complete a writing project. Over the last six decades, researchers have studied and theorized about how writers go about...

Writing Studies

Writing studies refers to an interdisciplinary community of scholars and researchers who study writing. Writing studies also refers to an academic, interdisciplinary discipline – a subject of study. Students in...

Featured Articles

Student engrossed in reading on her laptop, surrounded by a stack of books

Academic Writing – How to Write for the Academic Community

Professional Writing – How to Write for the Professional World

Authority – How to Establish Credibility in Speech & Writing

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Organizing Your Argument

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

This page summarizes three historical methods for argumentation, providing structural templates for each.

How can I effectively present my argument?

In order for your argument to be persuasive, it must use an organizational structure that the audience perceives as both logical and easy to parse. Three argumentative methods —the Toulmin Method , Classical Method , and Rogerian Method — give guidance for how to organize the points in an argument.

Note that these are only three of the most popular models for organizing an argument. Alternatives exist. Be sure to consult your instructor and/or defer to your assignment’s directions if you’re unsure which to use (if any).

Toulmin Method

The Toulmin Method is a formula that allows writers to build a sturdy logical foundation for their arguments. First proposed by author Stephen Toulmin in The Uses of Argument (1958), the Toulmin Method emphasizes building a thorough support structure for each of an argument's key claims.

The basic format for the Toulmin Method is as follows:

Claim: In this section, you explain your overall thesis on the subject. In other words, you make your main argument.

Data (Grounds): You should use evidence to support the claim. In other words, provide the reader with facts that prove your argument is strong.

Warrant (Bridge): In this section, you explain why or how your data supports the claim. As a result, the underlying assumption that you build your argument on is grounded in reason.

Backing (Foundation): Here, you provide any additional logic or reasoning that may be necessary to support the warrant.

Counterclaim: You should anticipate a counterclaim that negates the main points in your argument. Don't avoid arguments that oppose your own. Instead, become familiar with the opposing perspective. If you respond to counterclaims, you appear unbiased (and, therefore, you earn the respect of your readers). You may even want to include several counterclaims to show that you have thoroughly researched the topic.

Rebuttal: In this section, you incorporate your own evidence that disagrees with the counterclaim. It is essential to include a thorough warrant or bridge to strengthen your essay’s argument. If you present data to your audience without explaining how it supports your thesis, your readers may not make a connection between the two, or they may draw different conclusions.

Example of the Toulmin Method:

Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.

Data1: Driving a private car is a typical citizen's most air-polluting activity.

Warrant 1: Due to the fact that cars are the largest source of private (as opposed to industrial) air pollution, switching to hybrid cars should have an impact on fighting pollution.

Data 2: Each vehicle produced is going to stay on the road for roughly 12 to 15 years.

Warrant 2: Cars generally have a long lifespan, meaning that the decision to switch to a hybrid car will make a long-term impact on pollution levels.

Data 3: Hybrid cars combine a gasoline engine with a battery-powered electric motor.

Warrant 3: The combination of these technologies produces less pollution.

Counterclaim: Instead of focusing on cars, which still encourages an inefficient culture of driving even as it cuts down on pollution, the nation should focus on building and encouraging the use of mass transit systems.

Rebuttal: While mass transit is an idea that should be encouraged, it is not feasible in many rural and suburban areas, or for people who must commute to work. Thus, hybrid cars are a better solution for much of the nation's population.

Rogerian Method

The Rogerian Method (named for, but not developed by, influential American psychotherapist Carl R. Rogers) is a popular method for controversial issues. This strategy seeks to find a common ground between parties by making the audience understand perspectives that stretch beyond (or even run counter to) the writer’s position. Moreso than other methods, it places an emphasis on reiterating an opponent's argument to his or her satisfaction. The persuasive power of the Rogerian Method lies in its ability to define the terms of the argument in such a way that:

your position seems like a reasonable compromise.
you seem compassionate and empathetic.

The basic format of the Rogerian Method is as follows:

Introduction: Introduce the issue to the audience, striving to remain as objective as possible.

Opposing View : Explain the other side’s position in an unbiased way. When you discuss the counterargument without judgement, the opposing side can see how you do not directly dismiss perspectives which conflict with your stance.

Statement of Validity (Understanding): This section discusses how you acknowledge how the other side’s points can be valid under certain circumstances. You identify how and why their perspective makes sense in a specific context, but still present your own argument.

Statement of Your Position: By this point, you have demonstrated that you understand the other side’s viewpoint. In this section, you explain your own stance.

Statement of Contexts : Explore scenarios in which your position has merit. When you explain how your argument is most appropriate for certain contexts, the reader can recognize that you acknowledge the multiple ways to view the complex issue.

Statement of Benefits: You should conclude by explaining to the opposing side why they would benefit from accepting your position. By explaining the advantages of your argument, you close on a positive note without completely dismissing the other side’s perspective.

Example of the Rogerian Method:

Introduction: The issue of whether children should wear school uniforms is subject to some debate.

Opposing View: Some parents think that requiring children to wear uniforms is best.

Statement of Validity (Understanding): Those parents who support uniforms argue that, when all students wear the same uniform, the students can develop a unified sense of school pride and inclusiveness.

Statement of Your Position : Students should not be required to wear school uniforms. Mandatory uniforms would forbid choices that allow students to be creative and express themselves through clothing.

Statement of Contexts: However, even if uniforms might hypothetically promote inclusivity, in most real-life contexts, administrators can use uniform policies to enforce conformity. Students should have the option to explore their identity through clothing without the fear of being ostracized.

Statement of Benefits: Though both sides seek to promote students' best interests, students should not be required to wear school uniforms. By giving students freedom over their choice, students can explore their self-identity by choosing how to present themselves to their peers.

Classical Method

The Classical Method of structuring an argument is another common way to organize your points. Originally devised by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (and then later developed by Roman thinkers like Cicero and Quintilian), classical arguments tend to focus on issues of definition and the careful application of evidence. Thus, the underlying assumption of classical argumentation is that, when all parties understand the issue perfectly, the correct course of action will be clear.

The basic format of the Classical Method is as follows:

Introduction (Exordium): Introduce the issue and explain its significance. You should also establish your credibility and the topic’s legitimacy.

Statement of Background (Narratio): Present vital contextual or historical information to the audience to further their understanding of the issue. By doing so, you provide the reader with a working knowledge about the topic independent of your own stance.

Proposition (Propositio): After you provide the reader with contextual knowledge, you are ready to state your claims which relate to the information you have provided previously. This section outlines your major points for the reader.

Proof (Confirmatio): You should explain your reasons and evidence to the reader. Be sure to thoroughly justify your reasons. In this section, if necessary, you can provide supplementary evidence and subpoints.

Refutation (Refuatio): In this section, you address anticipated counterarguments that disagree with your thesis. Though you acknowledge the other side’s perspective, it is important to prove why your stance is more logical.

Conclusion (Peroratio): You should summarize your main points. The conclusion also caters to the reader’s emotions and values. The use of pathos here makes the reader more inclined to consider your argument.

Example of the Classical Method:

Introduction (Exordium): Millions of workers are paid a set hourly wage nationwide. The federal minimum wage is standardized to protect workers from being paid too little. Research points to many viewpoints on how much to pay these workers. Some families cannot afford to support their households on the current wages provided for performing a minimum wage job .

Statement of Background (Narratio): Currently, millions of American workers struggle to make ends meet on a minimum wage. This puts a strain on workers’ personal and professional lives. Some work multiple jobs to provide for their families.

Proposition (Propositio): The current federal minimum wage should be increased to better accommodate millions of overworked Americans. By raising the minimum wage, workers can spend more time cultivating their livelihoods.

Proof (Confirmatio): According to the United States Department of Labor, 80.4 million Americans work for an hourly wage, but nearly 1.3 million receive wages less than the federal minimum. The pay raise will alleviate the stress of these workers. Their lives would benefit from this raise because it affects multiple areas of their lives.

Refutation (Refuatio): There is some evidence that raising the federal wage might increase the cost of living. However, other evidence contradicts this or suggests that the increase would not be great. Additionally, worries about a cost of living increase must be balanced with the benefits of providing necessary funds to millions of hardworking Americans.

Conclusion (Peroratio): If the federal minimum wage was raised, many workers could alleviate some of their financial burdens. As a result, their emotional wellbeing would improve overall. Though some argue that the cost of living could increase, the benefits outweigh the potential drawbacks.

Skip to primary navigation
Skip to main content
Skip to primary sidebar
Skip to footer

Dianna Radcliff

Teaching Upper Elementary & more

How to Teach Claims, Counterclaims and Rebuttals in Writing!

July 29, 2019 by Dianna Radcliff

Teaching claims, counterclaims and rebuttals in writing can improve a students opinion or argumentative essay.

This post will explain how I teach claims, counterclaims and rebuttals in writing.

To begin, let’s clarify the meaning of the following terms when giving instruction:

Counterclaim

Teach Claims Counterclaims and Rebuttals in Writing

What is a Counterclaim?

A counterclaim is a claim used to rebut a previous claim.

A claim is the main argument. A counterclaim is the opposite of the claim, or argument.

What is a Rebuttal?

A rebuttal is when you address and challenge a claim by disapproving it.

After you have stated your counterclaim in an argument, you add your rebuttal to why you disapprove it. The goal is to weaken the main argument with your reasons and evidence.

What is a Reason?

A reason tells why a claim is made. Followed by supporting evidence.

What is Evidence?

Evidence is the facts or research to support the claim and reason.

Mini Lesson:

What to Prepare in advance:

Download, print, cut, laminate and attach to sticks the FREE resource below.
Write or type examples of a claim, counterclaim and rebuttal then cut up. This is for the acting out part. (see image below as an example)
Find additional examples via student work pieces, articles or in texts to share and color code. You can share on another anchor chart, display on your SmartBoard or simply read aloud.

Teach Claim Counterclaim and Rebuttal in writing

Introduce the lesson by creating an anchor chart. (See below example or search online.)
Using the colors in my example below, or your own colors, share examples from student pieces, articles or in texts you have found. You can share these examples on another anchor chart, display on your SmartBoard or simply read aloud.
Using the stick bubbles in the FREE resource below, have 3 volunteers come up to demonstrate. Line students up in order and have them read their part holding up the stick bubble when speaking.

Anchor Chart Examples:

***Click on the Anchor Chart images to find more anchor charts you can use in your classroom!

anchor chart to teach claim counterclaim rebuttal in writing

Where to insert a Counterclaim?

When modeling, show students examples of inserting a counterclaim inside a body paragraph following reasons and evidence.

Where to insert a Rebuttal?

When modeling, show students examples of inserting a rebuttal following a counterclaim inside a body paragraph. Always use reasons and evidence.

Free Resource to Download:

More Helpful Essay Writing Resources:

FREE Essay Planning Pages
FREE Paragraph Writing Rubric
FREE Paragraph Writing for an Essay Graphic Organizers (Color Coded)
FREE Essay Writing Timing Slides
Essay Writing Test Prep PowerPoint
Essay Writing Sources and Prompts

***Click HERE or on the photo below to Download your FREE Resource! Simply print on colored paper (or cardstock) and then laminate!

Thank you for subscribing!

404 Not found

Legal Dictionary

The Law Dictionary for Everyone

Counterclaim

There are two sides to every argument: (1) the “claim,” and (2) the “counterclaim.” The first is a statement of the party’s point, or argument for something. The second is a rebuttal , or argument opposing the claim. Once the parties have made their claims and counterclaims, they introduce the reasoning behind their arguments, and present evidence to support those claims. The claim/counterclaim system is used to make points in everything from essays and scientific papers, to litigation . To explore this concept, consider the following counterclaim definition.

Definition of Counterclaim

A claim made to offset another claim in a legal action.
To assert a claim for relief against a party who has made an original claim.

1775-1785 English (counter +claim)

What is Counterclaim

In very simple terms, a counterclaim is the opposite of a claim. In the legal system, once a person (the “ plaintiff ”) has filed a legal action, which makes certain claims against the other party (the “ defendant ”), the defendant must file an answer to the claims with the court. Once this has been done, the process of each party proving his own position begins. The counterclaim is just one of the four elements of an argument, which include:

Claim – to assert facts that give rise to a legally enforceable right or judicial action
Counterclaim – a claim for relief made in opposition to, or to offset another person’s claim
Reasons – the rationale behind a party’s claim
Evidence – something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a conclusion

Counterclaim Example

Marsha is a busy design consultant for a home décor and renovation company. Her job frequently takes her out of the office to visit clients’ homes and offices to formulate a redecoration plan, personally pick out supplies, and to personally check up on the construction or installation. Marsha’s phone is constantly ringing, as she fields phone calls throughout the day, regardless of her location. Marsha desperately wants to separate her stressful job from her personal life, so she tells her employer, Ralph, that she needs a company cell phone. Ralph, thinking only of the additional expense, simply says “No.”

Marsha has made her claim – asking for a company cell phone.

Ralph has made his counterclaim – responding in the negative.

Now Jane must offer substantial and valid reasons to convince Ralph that she needs the company to provide her with a company phone. Jane might provide evidence of the hardship using her personal phone is causing her and her family. Jane’s reasoning may include a description of how often clients call her phone when she is at her daughter’s soccer games on Saturdays, when she is sitting down to dinner with her family, or when she is out on “date night” with her husband.

Jane may point out that she receives so many business phone calls that she has had to record a business-like greeting for her voicemail, which confuses friends and family, who think they have called her “at work” by mistake. As evidence, Jane may give Ralph copies of her cell phone activity for the past couple of months, highlighting the many business calls she has received and made.

In this example of counterclaim, Ralph now needs to support his refusal to provide Jane with a company phone. He should be ready to give good, substantiated reasons for his refusal to provide something that the company should have been paying for all along. This may include evidence of the company’s inability to foot the bill, and that the company does not require Jane to take calls on her personal phone.

Compulsory Counterclaims and Permissive Counterclaims

Once a party has filed a civil lawsuit , the defending party may file a counterclaim against him. Such a claim is aimed directly at the plaintiff for coexisting damages or claims in the same matter, which may serve to lessen the defendant’s liability . Some states have attempted to consolidate related matters by requiring that a defendant file a counterclaim on any issue directly related to the original lawsuit. This is a compulsory counterclaim , as the defendant is required to bring up any issues that may counter the plaintiff’s claim, as part of the same lawsuit. If he fails to do so, he cannot make that claim later in a separate lawsuit.

For instance, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure , Title III, Rule 13 , compels a compulsory counterclaim if:

(a) (1) … A pleading must state as a counterclaim any claim that—at the time of its service—the pleader has against an opposing party if the claim:

(A) arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party’s claim; and

(B) does not require adding another party over whom the court cannot acquire jurisdiction .

A permissive counterclaim is instituted by a defendant against a plaintiff in a lawsuit, but the defendant’s claim does not arise from the same issue or transaction as the plaintiff’s original claim. Many states allow permissive counterclaims, depending on the subject matter, and how it relates to the original lawsuit. While a defendant is not required to bring up such issues during the current case, as would be the case in a compulsory counterclaim, if he does, and the issue is decided by the court as part of the lawsuit ruling, the defendant cannot bring that claim later in another lawsuit.

Example of Compulsory Counterclaim

Martin convinces his friend, Adam, to invest in his new ice cream truck business. The two enter into a written contract, which specifies that Adam will put in an initial investment of $5,000, and that Martin will do all of the work in obtaining an ice cream truck and inventory, and that he will work the truck. Adam agreed to pay another $5,000 in four months’ time to help ensure the business is well-funded in its early months. Sixty days after Adam paid Martin the initial $5,000, he discovered that Martin hadn’t purchased the truck or inventory like he was supposed to do, yet the money has been spent. As a result, Adam backs out, refusing to pay any more money.

Martin files a lawsuit in small claims court, asking the court to order Adam to pay the remaining $5,000 required by the contract. At trial , Adam argues that Martin hadn’t done the things he was supposed to do according to the business plan, and he suspected he didn’t intend to, which is the reason he had backed out of the deal. The judge rules in Martin’s favor, because the two had a written contract, and Adam hadn’t proven that Martin would not, or could not, accomplish all of the necessary tasks for the business. Adam is ordered to pay Martin the remaining $5,000, and the contract is to remain in full force and effect.

Once Martin had filed his lawsuit, Adam could have filed a counterclaim, claiming that Martin had fraudulently convinced him to invest the money, and asking for his $5,000 investment to be returned. This counterclaim then requires Martin to show to the court that he had indeed been fulfilling his responsibilities according to the contract, and that he will continue to do so. In such a case, the court will hear the entire case, from both sides, before making its decision.

A ruling in this example of counterclaim will likely balance the liability between both sides, with a net judgment being rendered. For instance, if the court determines that Adam does indeed have to pay the other $5,000, but that Martin had falsely inflated the amount of money needed in order to trick Adam into giving him $2,000 more than the business required, Adam may be ordered to pay Martin only $3,000.

If the pair lived in a state of compulsory counterclaim, Adam would be required to make this claim within a certain period of time after Martin had filed the lawsuit. If he failed to do so, he could not later file a lawsuit claiming Martin had fraudulently induced him into the contract.

Frivolous Counterclaim Rejected by Court

In 2013, three limited partners of a failed real estate venture filed a civil lawsuit against the general partners, who controlled the company. The plaintiffs accused the general partners of mishandling the business, causing the loss of their $1.9 million investment. Shortly after this lawsuit was filed in a New Jersey court, the defendant managing partners filed a counterclaim, suing the limited partners for breach of fiduciary duty , waste of corporate funds, and violation of the covenant of good faith and fair dealings.

The plaintiff partners immediately realized that the counterclaim was a thinly veiled attempt to manipulate and restrict settlement efforts, and filed a motion to dismiss the counterclaim. In the counterclaim, the managing partners argued that, by suing them, the limited partners were wasting company money, which was ultimately used to defend the lawsuit. The court noted that, while partners usually owe a fiduciary duty to one another in their business venture, such duty is generally imposed on the majority or controlling partner. The limited partners in Deerhaven LLC had no control over the company, and therefore had no fiduciary duty to not bring suit against the managing partners.

In this example of counterclaim, the claim was found to be frivolous and dismissed by the court. The judge wasn’t through there, however, as he sanctioned the managing partners, ordering them to pay the minority partners’ attorneys’ fees.

Related Legal Terms and Issues

Civil Lawsuit – A lawsuit brought about in court when one person claims to have suffered a loss due to the actions of another person.
Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealings – A presumption that parties to a contract will deal with one another fairly, honestly, and in good faith.
Defendant – A party against whom a lawsuit has been filed in civil court, or who has been accused of, or charged with, a crime or offense.
Fiduciary Duty – A legal duty to act in another party’s best interest.
Frivolous – Something of little importance, or which has no sound basis in fact or law.
Plaintiff – A person who brings a legal action against another person or entity, such as in a civil lawsuit, or criminal proceedings.

school Campus Bookshelves
menu_book Bookshelves
perm_media Learning Objects
login Login
how_to_reg Request Instructor Account
hub Instructor Commons
Download Page (PDF)
Download Full Book (PDF)
Periodic Table
Physics Constants
Scientific Calculator
Reference & Cite
Tools expand_more
Readability

selected template will load here

This action is not available.

9.3: The Argumentative Essay

Last updated
Save as PDF
Page ID 58378
Lumen Learning

Learning Objectives

Examine types of argumentative essays

Argumentative Essays

You may have heard it said that all writing is an argument of some kind. Even if you’re writing an informative essay, you still have the job of trying to convince your audience that the information is important. However, there are times you’ll be asked to write an essay that is specifically an argumentative piece.

An argumentative essay is one that makes a clear assertion or argument about some topic or issue. When you’re writing an argumentative essay, it’s important to remember that an academic argument is quite different from a regular, emotional argument. Note that sometimes students forget the academic aspect of an argumentative essay and write essays that are much too emotional for an academic audience. It’s important for you to choose a topic you feel passionately about (if you’re allowed to pick your topic), but you have to be sure you aren’t too emotionally attached to a topic. In an academic argument, you’ll have a lot more constraints you have to consider, and you’ll focus much more on logic and reasoning than emotions.

A cartoon person with a heart in one hand and a brain in the other.

Argumentative essays are quite common in academic writing and are often an important part of writing in all disciplines. You may be asked to take a stand on a social issue in your introduction to writing course, but you could also be asked to take a stand on an issue related to health care in your nursing courses or make a case for solving a local environmental problem in your biology class. And, since argument is such a common essay assignment, it’s important to be aware of some basic elements of a good argumentative essay.

When your professor asks you to write an argumentative essay, you’ll often be given something specific to write about. For example, you may be asked to take a stand on an issue you have been discussing in class. Perhaps, in your education class, you would be asked to write about standardized testing in public schools. Or, in your literature class, you might be asked to argue the effects of protest literature on public policy in the United States.

However, there are times when you’ll be given a choice of topics. You might even be asked to write an argumentative essay on any topic related to your field of study or a topic you feel that is important personally.

Whatever the case, having some knowledge of some basic argumentative techniques or strategies will be helpful as you write. Below are some common types of arguments.

Causal Arguments

In this type of argument, you argue that something has caused something else. For example, you might explore the causes of the decline of large mammals in the world’s ocean and make a case for your cause.

Evaluation Arguments

In this type of argument, you make an argumentative evaluation of something as “good” or “bad,” but you need to establish the criteria for “good” or “bad.” For example, you might evaluate a children’s book for your education class, but you would need to establish clear criteria for your evaluation for your audience.

Proposal Arguments

In this type of argument, you must propose a solution to a problem. First, you must establish a clear problem and then propose a specific solution to that problem. For example, you might argue for a proposal that would increase retention rates at your college.

Narrative Arguments

In this type of argument, you make your case by telling a story with a clear point related to your argument. For example, you might write a narrative about your experiences with standardized testing in order to make a case for reform.

Rebuttal Arguments

In a rebuttal argument, you build your case around refuting an idea or ideas that have come before. In other words, your starting point is to challenge the ideas of the past.

Definition Arguments

In this type of argument, you use a definition as the starting point for making your case. For example, in a definition argument, you might argue that NCAA basketball players should be defined as professional players and, therefore, should be paid.

https://assessments.lumenlearning.co...essments/20277

Essay Examples

Click here to read an argumentative essay on the consequences of fast fashion . Read it and look at the comments to recognize strategies and techniques the author uses to convey her ideas.
In this example, you’ll see a sample argumentative paper from a psychology class submitted in APA format. Key parts of the argumentative structure have been noted for you in the sample.

Link to Learning

For more examples of types of argumentative essays, visit the Argumentative Purposes section of the Excelsior OWL .

Contributors and Attributions

Argumentative Essay. Provided by : Excelsior OWL. Located at : https://owl.excelsior.edu/rhetorical-styles/argumentative-essay/ . License : CC BY: Attribution
Image of a man with a heart and a brain. Authored by : Mohamed Hassan. Provided by : Pixabay. Located at : pixabay.com/illustrations/decision-brain-heart-mind-4083469/. License : Other . License Terms : pixabay.com/service/terms/#license

Pennington Publishing Blog

Grammar/Mechanics
Literacy Centers
Spelling/Vocabulary
Study Skills
Uncategorized

Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim

Where is the best place to put the essay counterclaim? The short and sweet answer? David Oldham, professor at Shoreline Community College, states, “The short answer is a counter-argument (counterclaim) can go anywhere except the conclusion. This is because there has to be a rebuttal paragraph after the counter-argument, so if the counter-argument is in the conclusion, something has been left out.”

The counterclaim is the opposing point of view to one’s thesis and is also known as the counterargument. The counterclaim is always accompanied by a refutation, sometimes referred to as a rebuttal. The Common Core State Standards include the counterclaim in Writing Standards 1.0 for grades 7-12. These Standards reference the organization of the counterclaim in terms of clear relationships and logical sequencing. See the boldface phrases in the following grades 7-12 Standards.

Common Core State Standards

Seventh Grade: Introduce claim(s), acknowledge alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.

Eighth Grade: Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.

Ninth and Tenth Grade: Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

Eleventh and Twelfth Grade: Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), establish the significance of the claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that logically sequences claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

Placement Options

1. Writers can place a separate counterclaim paragraph with refutation as the last body paragraph prior to the conclusion paragraph.

Separate Paragraph Example #1

COUNTERCLAIM Opponents argue that after school sports can increase the likelihood of sports-related injuries. Specifically, health professionals suggest that life-threatening concussions occur at frightening rates for student athletes participating in such popular after school sports as football, soccer, basketball, and wrestling (Bancroft 22, 23). Even minor injuries sustained from participation in after school sports increase absent rates and the expense of creating injury reports for students (Sizemore 3). REFUTATION Although students do suffer both serious and minor injuries in after school sports, these injuries are quite rare. The organization, supervision, and safety measures of school-sponsored sports are superior to those of alternative fee-based community-sponsored recreational leagues or even privately sponsored sports organizations (Kinney 2). Additionally, without free after school sports programs, many students would still play sports without adult supervision and even more injuries would result.

2. Writers can place a separate counterclaim paragraph without refutation as the first body paragraph following the thesis statement to anticipate objections prior to providing evidence to prove the claim of the thesis statement.

Separate Paragraph Example #2

COUNTERCLAIM Those who favor eliminating after school sports argue that after school sports can increase the likelihood of sports-related injuries. Specifically, health professionals suggest that life-threatening concussions occur at frightening rates for student athletes participating in such popular after school sports as football, soccer, basketball, and wrestling (Bancroft 22, 23). Even minor injuries sustained from participation in after school sports increase absent rates and the expense of creating injury reports for students (Sizemore 3). Additionally, youth and adolescents are not developmentally ready to play contact sports. Key components of the brain and skeletal structure have not yet formed (Mays 14), and injuries can have lasting damage to young people.

3. Writers can embed a counterclaim and refutation within a body paragraph.

Embedded within Paragraph Example

After school sports provide safe and free programs for students who might otherwise not be able to participate in individual or team sports. The organization, supervision, and safety measures of school-sponsored sports are superior to those of alternative fee-based community-sponsored recreational leagues or even privately sponsored sports organizations (Kinney 2). Additionally, without free after school sports programs, many students would still play sports without adult supervision and even more injuries would result. COUNTERCLAIM However, some people would argue that after school sports can increase the likelihood of sports-related injuries and resulting absences with the added expenses of creating injury reports for students (Sizemore 3). REFUTATION Although students do suffer both serious and minor injuries in after school sports and there are resulting absences and injury reports, without school-sponsored sports the likelihood of more injuries from less supervised recreational leagues or privately sponsored leagues with fewer safety regulations would, no doubt, be much worse.

4. Writers can embed a counterclaim and refutation within a sentence or sentences found in a body paragraph.

Embedded within Sentences Example

After school sports provide safe and free programs for students who might otherwise not be able to participate in individual or team sports. COUNTERCLAIM Even so, some would question the safety of these programs, citing the numbers of life-threatening concussions from after school sports such as football, REFUTATION but these statistics are misleading. According to the highly respected Youth in Sports report, fewer serious injuries occur to students playing after school sports as compared to students not playing after school sports (Green 22).

5. Writers can embed a counterclaim within the introductory paragraph and use the thesis statement as refutation.

Introductory Paragraph Example

After school sports are extra-curricular activities included in most elementary, middle school, and high schools throughout the world. COUNTERCLAIM Some would argue that schools can no longer afford these programs and the expenses of lawsuits resulting from sports-related injuries. REFUTATION AS THESIS STATEMENT On the contrary, schools can and should invest in well-supervised after school sports to promote health and minimize sports-related injuries.

Each of these counterclaim placements has merit, depending upon the nature of the argumentative essay. Help students develop the writing flexibility and dexterity they need by applying each of these strategies in the draft and revision stages. As always, show models of counterclaims and refutations, teach a variety of types of evidence , and help students avoid the pitfalls of fallacious reasoning .

In addition to Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim, writing teachers may also be interested in these related articles: Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames , What is the Essay Counterclaim? , and Why Use an Essay Counterclaim?

TEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLE

The author’s TEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLE includes the three printable and digital resources students need to master the CCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. Each no-prep resource allows students to work at their own paces via mastery learning. How to Teach Essays includes 42 skill-based essay strategy worksheets (fillable PDFs and 62 Google slides), beginning with simple 3-word paragraphs and proceeding step-by-step to complex multi-paragraph essays. One skill builds upon another. The Essay Skills Worksheets include 97 worksheets (printables and 97 Google slides) to help teachers differentiate writing instruction with both remedial and advanced writing skills. The Eight Writing Process Essays (printables and 170 Google slides) each feature an on-demand diagnostic essay assessment, writing prompt with connected reading, brainstorming, graphic organizer, response, revision, and editing activities. Plus, each essay includes a detailed analytical (not holistic) rubric for assessment-based learning.

Grammar/Mechanics , Literacy Centers , Study Skills , Writing argument essay , argumentative essay , claims , common core writing standards , Counterarguments , Counterclaims , essay argument , essay strategies , Mark Pennington , Opposing Claims , rebut , Rebuttal , Refutation , refute , Teaching Essay Strategies , types of evidence

No comments yet.
No trackbacks yet.

Links to Programs and Resources

About the Author/Contact Us
Free Reading/ELA Assessments
Free Articles and Resources
Testimonials

Join the SOR Literacy Hub - Resource Sharing FB Group

https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub

Recent Articles

Free Science of Reading Lessons | ELL January 2, 2024
Free Science of Reading Lessons | SPED January 2, 2024
Free Science of Reading Lessons | High School January 2, 2024
Free Science of Reading Lessons | Middle School January 2, 2024
Free Science of Reading Lessons | Grade 6 January 2, 2024
Free Science of Reading Lessons | Grade 5 January 2, 2024
Free Science of Reading Lessons | Grade 4 January 2, 2024
Reading Intervention Flow Chart December 19, 2023
Mid-Year Reading Intervention Checklist December 19, 2023
Reading Rules versus Patterns? December 19, 2023

IMAGES

How to Write a Counterclaim Paragraph Part 1
How to Write a Counterclaim Paragraph Part 1
001 Essay Example What Is Counterclaim In An Argumentative ~ Thatsnotus
How To Write A Counterclaim: Guideline For Success
How To Write A Counterclaim For An Argumentative Essay
How to Write a Counterclaim Paragraph Part 1

VIDEO

How to attempt a literary essay for CSS||structure of Essay||Boys will be Boys outline
Learning to say "counterclaim" in English
Written Statement, Counter, Written Argument
Can the Subaltern Speak?
Argumentative Essays: Counterclaim Paragraph Sentence 3 of 6
Most people are in jail voluntarily Pt 2

COMMENTS

How to write a Counterclaim Paragraph, Sentence or Rebuttal
Such differences dictate where the counterclaim (s) are located. There is a structure where the counterclaims are located within all the body paragraphs. In this case, you will write your claim, followed by a counterclaim, and then a rebuttal. This means that for every claim you present to support your thesis, there will be a counterclaim and a ...
Why Use an Essay Counterclaim?
The counterclaim can be defined as the opposing point of view to one's thesis. It is also commonly known as the counterargument. A counterclaim is always followed by a refutation, which is often referred to as a rebuttal. The Common Core State Standards for grades 7-12 include the counterclaim in the argumentative essay (W. 1.0).
How to Write an Effective Counterclaim in 5 Steps
Good ways to start your counterclaim paragraph include: "Critics have argued that…". "Some people may conclude that". "On the other side of the argument, people are concerned that…". "The opposing viewpoint states that…". Once you have stated the alternative view, go ahead and describe why that view is held. Present evidence.
Parts of an Argumentative Essay
The 4 parts of an argumentative essay are the claim, counterclaim, reasoning, and evidence. The claim is the author's argument that they are attempting to prove in the essay. The counterclaim is ...
How To Write A Counterclaim Like A Pro (Really)
Create a thesis statement in the last sentence. Write a counterclaim that rebuts the initial argument. Many students fail to appreciate the fact that there is a difference between a claim and a counterclaim. The claim demonstrates your position of argument or the assertion of a fact, whereas a counterclaim negates a specific claim by refuting it.
Counterargument
When you make an argument in an academic essay, you are writing for an audience that may not agree with you. In fact, your argument is worth making in the first place because your thesis will not be obvious—or obviously correct—to everyone who considers the question you are asking or the topic you're addressing. Once you figure out what you want to argue—your essay's thesis—your ...
What is the Essay Counterclaim?
As is often the case, instructional writing terminology can be confusing and there is no consensus as to a common language of instruction. Regarding the essay counterclaim, which words mean exactly what? Synonyms for the Counterclaim (with or without hyphens): Counterargument, Opposing Claims, Alternate Claims. Synonyms for the Refutation ...
Developing Claims and Counterclaims
Introduction. When you're diving into a persuasive speech, article, or essay, there are two key things to look out for: the claim and the counterclaim. The claim is basically what the author believes and wants you to agree with. It's their main point or argument about a topic. On the flip side, the counterclaim is the opposite stance.
How to Write a Counterclaim [Explained Simply!]
The key to excellent argumentative writing is to make your position convincing and clear while acknowledging - not to mention rebutting - the counterarguments. Fortunately, you can break down the process of crafting a great counterclaim into four simple steps: 1. Research, Research, Research. Of course, a thorough understanding of your ...
How to Write an Counterclaim [Explained Simply!]
Before we get into how to want one, let's clarify what we median the "counterclaim." Are writing, a counterclaim is an opposing argument that goes against the thesis statement starting a paper. Finally, the finish must summarize why arguments for the counterclaim are invalid or weak furthermore why the claim is more validate and stronger.
PDF Step-by-Step: Counterclaim and Rebuttal
Step 1: Write a counterclaim. Write a sentence that contradicts the claim. For example, if your thesis says, "Everyone should eat chocolate ice cream," then your counterclaim might be, "Some people are allergic to chocolate.". Step 2: Explain the counterclaim. The more "real" you make the opposing position, the more "right" you ...
Counter Arguments
Counter Argument. One way to strengthen your argument and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the issue you are discussing is to anticipate and address counter arguments, or objections. By considering opposing views, you show that you have thought things through, and you dispose of some of the reasons your audience might have for not ...
Claim & Counterclaim in Argumentative Writing
Writers should state claims as fact and be as straightforward and concise as possible. In an essay or any other form of argumentative writing, the claim is usually found at the end of the first ...
How To Write Counterclaim And Rebuttal Like A Pro
There are various options you can consider on how to start a counterclaim paragraph, for example: "On the other hand, some people say….". "Certainly, some people say….". "Admittedly, some people might say….". "A common counterpoint is often….". You can start the counterclaim by explaining what counter-arguments the claim ...
A Guide to Rebuttals in Argumentative Essays
Step 1. Come up with a Counterargument. A strong rebuttal is only possible when there's a strong counterargument. You may be convinced of your idea but try to place yourself on the other side. Rather than addressing weak opposing views that are easy to fend off, try to come up with the strongest claims that could be made.
Counterargument
Counterargument. When you write an academic essay, you make an argument: you propose a thesis and offer some reasoning, using evidence, that suggests why the thesis is true. When you counter-argue, you consider a possible argument against your thesis or some aspect of your reasoning. This is a good way to test your ideas when drafting, while ...
Counterarguments
Guide to Counterarguments in Writing Studies. Counterarguments are a topic of study in Writing Studies as . a form of invention. Rhetors engage in rhetorical reasoning: They analyze the rebuttals their target audiences may have to their claims, interpretations, propositions, and proposals; a part of Toulmin Argument. Rhetors may develop counterarguments by questioning a rhetor's backing ...
Organizing Your Argument
Counterclaim: You should anticipate a counterclaim that negates the main points in your argument. Don't avoid arguments that oppose your own. ... It is essential to include a thorough warrant or bridge to strengthen your essay's argument. If you present data to your audience without explaining how it supports your thesis, your readers may not ...
How to Teach Claims, Counterclaims and Rebuttals in Writing!
Teaching claims, counterclaims and rebuttals in writing can improve a students opinion or argumentative essay. This post will explain how I teach claims, counterclaims and rebuttals in writing. To begin, let's clarify the meaning of the following terms when giving instruction: Counterclaim. Rebuttal. Reason.
How to Write an Effective Counterclaim included 5 Steps
Essay Counterclaim: The Basics. The "too longish; didn't read" version will when trails — a counterclaim is a oratory instrument used in essay writing. ... Your can be defined as debatable statements — the go for which you are tilt into your essay. Their thesis statement will be the main, overarching, claim him make to your essay, and ...
Counterclaim
The counterclaim is just one of the four elements of an argument, which include: Claim - to assert facts that give rise to a legally enforceable right or judicial action. Counterclaim - a claim for relief made in opposition to, or to offset another person's claim. Reasons - the rationale behind a party's claim.
9.3: The Argumentative Essay
Figure 1. When writing an argumentative essay, students must be able to separate emotion based arguments from logic based arguments in order to appeal to an academic audience. Argumentative essays are quite common in academic writing and are often an important part of writing in all disciplines.
Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim
The counterclaim is the opposing point of view to one's thesis and is also known as the counterargument. The counterclaim is always accompanied by a refutation, sometimes referred to as a rebuttal. The Common Core State Standards include the counterclaim in Writing Standards 1.0 for grades 7-12. These Standards reference the organization of ...

How to write a Counterclaim Paragraph, Sentence or Rebuttal

What is a Counterclaim in an Essay?

Difference Between a Claim and a Counterclaim

How to Write a Good Counterclaim in an Essay

Where to Write a Counterclaim in an Essay

Dos and Don’ts of Writing a Counterclaim

Examples of Counterclaims

Embedded Within a Paragraph

How Long Should a Counterclaim Be?

How many Counterclaims can you Put?

How to Write an Effective Counterclaim in 5 Steps

Essay Counterclaim: The Basics

Claim vs Counterclaim: What Is the Difference?

How to Write an Effective Counterclaim: Step-by-Step

Additional Tips on Writing a Counterclaim

Related posts:

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

How To Write A Counterclaim For A Successful Result

Table of Contents

Writing A Counterclaim Can Be Very Easy

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Reading Skills

Introduction

Understanding Claims

Developing Counterclaims

Practice Makes Perfect

Interested in a school license?​

AP® Score Calculators

AP® Review Guides

Core Subject Review Guides

SAT® Score Calculator

ACT® Score Calculator

Grammar Review Hub

AP® Posters

Interested in a school license?

Bring Albert to your school and empower all teachers with the world's best question bank for: ➜ SAT® & ACT® ➜ AP® ➜ ELA, Math, Science, & Social Studies aligned to state standards ➜ State assessments Options for teachers, schools, and districts.

How to Write a Counterclaim [Explained Simply!]

What Is a Counterclaim in Writing?

How to Write a Counterclaim

1. Research, Research, Research

2. Determine Where to Put the Counterclaim

3. Figure Out How Long Your Counterclaim Should Be

4. Consider How to Present the Counterclaim Fairly

5. Write Your Counterclaim

Tips on Writing a Great Counterclaim

The Bottom Line

Reader Interactions

404 Not found

Missouri S&T Missouri S&T

Writing and Communication Center

Counter Argument

Refutation:

Accommodation:

Some Final Hints

Popular request:

What is a Counterclaim in Writing?

Claims vs. Counterclaims

Where Do You Put A Counterclaim in an Essay?

How to Introduce A Counterclaim?

How to Write a Counterclaim?

How to Write A Good Counterclaim?

What Is A Rebuttal?

How To Write Counterclaim And Rebuttal?

Example Of Claim, Counterclaim, And Rebuttal

Need Help Writing A Counterclaim?

A Guide to Rebuttals in Argumentative Essays

What Is a Rebuttal?

How Do Rebuttals Work?

Rebuttals in Action

Step 1. Come up with a Counterargument

Step 2. Point Out Its Flaws

Find this useful?

Step 3. Present New Points

Summary: Rebuttals

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you form an effective rebuttal?

Share this article:

Got content that needs a quick turnaround? Let us polish your work. Explore our editorial business services.

What Is a Content Editor?

The Benefits of Using an Online Proofreading Service

Interested in a school license?