problem solving and interview

Top 20 Problem Solving Interview Questions (Example Answers Included)

Mike Simpson 0 Comments

By Mike Simpson

When candidates prepare for interviews, they usually focus on highlighting their leadership, communication, teamwork, and similar crucial soft skills . However, not everyone gets ready for problem-solving interview questions. And that can be a big mistake.

Problem-solving is relevant to nearly any job on the planet. Yes, it’s more prevalent in certain industries, but it’s helpful almost everywhere.

Regardless of the role you want to land, you may be asked to provide problem-solving examples or describe how you would deal with specific situations. That’s why being ready to showcase your problem-solving skills is so vital.

If you aren’t sure who to tackle problem-solving questions, don’t worry, we have your back. Come with us as we explore this exciting part of the interview process, as well as some problem-solving interview questions and example answers.

What Is Problem-Solving?

When you’re trying to land a position, there’s a good chance you’ll face some problem-solving interview questions. But what exactly is problem-solving? And why is it so important to hiring managers?

Well, the good folks at Merriam-Webster define problem-solving as “the process or act of finding a solution to a problem.” While that may seem like common sense, there’s a critical part to that definition that should catch your eye.

What part is that? The word “process.”

In the end, problem-solving is an activity. It’s your ability to take appropriate steps to find answers, determine how to proceed, or otherwise overcome the challenge.

Being great at it usually means having a range of helpful problem-solving skills and traits. Research, diligence, patience, attention-to-detail , collaboration… they can all play a role. So can analytical thinking , creativity, and open-mindedness.

But why do hiring managers worry about your problem-solving skills? Well, mainly, because every job comes with its fair share of problems.

While problem-solving is relevant to scientific, technical, legal, medical, and a whole slew of other careers. It helps you overcome challenges and deal with the unexpected. It plays a role in troubleshooting and innovation. That’s why it matters to hiring managers.

How to Answer Problem-Solving Interview Questions

Okay, before we get to our examples, let’s take a quick second to talk about strategy. Knowing how to answer problem-solving interview questions is crucial. Why? Because the hiring manager might ask you something that you don’t anticipate.

Problem-solving interview questions are all about seeing how you think. As a result, they can be a bit… unconventional.

These aren’t your run-of-the-mill job interview questions . Instead, they are tricky behavioral interview questions . After all, the goal is to find out how you approach problem-solving, so most are going to feature scenarios, brainteasers, or something similar.

So, having a great strategy means knowing how to deal with behavioral questions. Luckily, there are a couple of tools that can help.

First, when it comes to the classic approach to behavioral interview questions, look no further than the STAR Method . With the STAR method, you learn how to turn your answers into captivating stories. This makes your responses tons more engaging, ensuring you keep the hiring manager’s attention from beginning to end.

Now, should you stop with the STAR Method? Of course not. If you want to take your answers to the next level, spend some time with the Tailoring Method , too.

With the Tailoring Method, it’s all about relevance. So, if you get a chance to choose an example that demonstrates your problem-solving skills, this is really the way to go.

We also wanted to let you know that we created an amazing free cheat sheet that will give you word-for-word answers for some of the toughest interview questions you are going to face in your upcoming interview. After all, hiring managers will often ask you more generalized interview questions!

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Top 3 Problem-Solving-Based Interview Questions

Alright, here is what you’ve been waiting for: the problem-solving questions and sample answers.

While many questions in this category are job-specific, these tend to apply to nearly any job. That means there’s a good chance you’ll come across them at some point in your career, making them a great starting point when you’re practicing for an interview.

So, let’s dive in, shall we? Here’s a look at the top three problem-solving interview questions and example responses.

1. Can you tell me about a time when you had to solve a challenging problem?

In the land of problem-solving questions, this one might be your best-case scenario. It lets you choose your own problem-solving examples to highlight, putting you in complete control.

When you choose an example, go with one that is relevant to what you’ll face in the role. The closer the match, the better the answer is in the eyes of the hiring manager.

EXAMPLE ANSWER:

“While working as a mobile telecom support specialist for a large organization, we had to transition our MDM service from one vendor to another within 45 days. This personally physically handling 500 devices within the agency. Devices had to be gathered from the headquarters and satellite offices, which were located all across the state, something that was challenging even without the tight deadline. I approached the situation by identifying the location assignment of all personnel within the organization, enabling me to estimate transit times for receiving the devices. Next, I timed out how many devices I could personally update in a day. Together, this allowed me to create a general timeline. After that, I coordinated with each location, both expressing the urgency of adhering to deadlines and scheduling bulk shipping options. While there were occasional bouts of resistance, I worked with location leaders to calm concerns and facilitate action. While performing all of the updates was daunting, my approach to organizing the event made it a success. Ultimately, the entire transition was finished five days before the deadline, exceeding the expectations of many.”

2. Describe a time where you made a mistake. What did you do to fix it?

While this might not look like it’s based on problem-solving on the surface, it actually is. When you make a mistake, it creates a challenge, one you have to work your way through. At a minimum, it’s an opportunity to highlight problem-solving skills, even if you don’t address the topic directly.

When you choose an example, you want to go with a situation where the end was positive. However, the issue still has to be significant, causing something negative to happen in the moment that you, ideally, overcame.

“When I first began in a supervisory role, I had trouble setting down my individual contributor hat. I tried to keep up with my past duties while also taking on the responsibilities of my new role. As a result, I began rushing and introduced an error into the code of the software my team was updating. The error led to a memory leak. We became aware of the issue when the performance was hindered, though we didn’t immediately know the cause. I dove back into the code, reviewing recent changes, and, ultimately, determined the issue was a mistake on my end. When I made that discovery, I took several steps. First, I let my team know that the error was mine and let them know its nature. Second, I worked with my team to correct the issue, resolving the memory leak. Finally, I took this as a lesson about delegation. I began assigning work to my team more effectively, a move that allowed me to excel as a manager and help them thrive as contributors. It was a crucial learning moment, one that I have valued every day since.”

3. If you identify a potential risk in a project, what steps do you take to prevent it?

Yes, this is also a problem-solving question. The difference is, with this one, it’s not about fixing an issue; it’s about stopping it from happening. Still, you use problem-solving skills along the way, so it falls in this question category.

If you can, use an example of a moment when you mitigated risk in the past. If you haven’t had that opportunity, approach it theoretically, discussing the steps you would take to prevent an issue from developing.

“If I identify a potential risk in a project, my first step is to assess the various factors that could lead to a poor outcome. Prevention requires analysis. Ensuring I fully understand what can trigger the undesired event creates the right foundation, allowing me to figure out how to reduce the likelihood of those events occurring. Once I have the right level of understanding, I come up with a mitigation plan. Exactly what this includes varies depending on the nature of the issue, though it usually involves various steps and checks designed to monitor the project as it progresses to spot paths that may make the problem more likely to happen. I find this approach effective as it combines knowledge and ongoing vigilance. That way, if the project begins to head into risky territory, I can correct its trajectory.”

17 More Problem-Solving-Based Interview Questions

In the world of problem-solving questions, some apply to a wide range of jobs, while others are more niche. For example, customer service reps and IT helpdesk professionals both encounter challenges, but not usually the same kind.

As a result, some of the questions in this list may be more relevant to certain careers than others. However, they all give you insights into what this kind of question looks like, making them worth reviewing.

Here are 17 more problem-solving interview questions you might face off against during your job search:

• How would you describe your problem-solving skills?
• Can you tell me about a time when you had to use creativity to deal with an obstacle?
• Describe a time when you discovered an unmet customer need while assisting a customer and found a way to meet it.
• If you were faced with an upset customer, how would you diffuse the situation?
• Tell me about a time when you had to troubleshoot a complex issue.
• Imagine you were overseeing a project and needed a particular item. You have two choices of vendors: one that can deliver on time but would be over budget, and one that’s under budget but would deliver one week later than you need it. How do you figure out which approach to use?
• Your manager wants to upgrade a tool you regularly use for your job and wants your recommendation. How do you formulate one?
• A supplier has said that an item you need for a project isn’t going to be delivered as scheduled, something that would cause your project to fall behind schedule. What do you do to try and keep the timeline on target?
• Can you share an example of a moment where you encountered a unique problem you and your colleagues had never seen before? How did you figure out what to do?
• Imagine you were scheduled to give a presentation with a colleague, and your colleague called in sick right before it was set to begin. What would you do?
• If you are given two urgent tasks from different members of the leadership team, both with the same tight deadline, how do you choose which to tackle first?
• Tell me about a time you and a colleague didn’t see eye-to-eye. How did you decide what to do?
• Describe your troubleshooting process.
• Tell me about a time where there was a problem that you weren’t able to solve. What happened?
• In your opening, what skills or traits make a person an exceptional problem-solver?
• When you face a problem that requires action, do you usually jump in or take a moment to carefully assess the situation?
• When you encounter a new problem you’ve never seen before, what is the first step that you take?

Putting It All Together

At this point, you should have a solid idea of how to approach problem-solving interview questions. Use the tips above to your advantage. That way, you can thrive during your next interview.

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Mike simpson.

Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com. His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others. Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

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26 Good Examples of Problem Solving (Interview Answers)

By Biron Clark

Published: November 15, 2023

Employers like to hire people who can solve problems and work well under pressure. A job rarely goes 100% according to plan, so hiring managers will be more likely to hire you if you seem like you can handle unexpected challenges while staying calm and logical in your approach.

But how do they measure this?

They’re going to ask you interview questions about these problem solving skills, and they might also look for examples of problem solving on your resume and cover letter. So coming up, I’m going to share a list of examples of problem solving, whether you’re an experienced job seeker or recent graduate.

Then I’ll share sample interview answers to, “Give an example of a time you used logic to solve a problem?”

Problem-Solving Defined

It is the ability to identify the problem, prioritize based on gravity and urgency, analyze the root cause, gather relevant information, develop and evaluate viable solutions, decide on the most effective and logical solution, and plan and execute implementation. 

Problem-solving also involves critical thinking, communication, listening, creativity, research, data gathering, risk assessment, continuous learning, decision-making, and other soft and technical skills.

Solving problems not only prevent losses or damages but also boosts self-confidence and reputation when you successfully execute it. The spotlight shines on you when people see you handle issues with ease and savvy despite the challenges. Your ability and potential to be a future leader that can take on more significant roles and tackle bigger setbacks shine through. Problem-solving is a skill you can master by learning from others and acquiring wisdom from their and your own experiences. 

It takes a village to come up with solutions, but a good problem solver can steer the team towards the best choice and implement it to achieve the desired result.

Watch: 26 Good Examples of Problem Solving

Examples of problem solving scenarios in the workplace.

• Correcting a mistake at work, whether it was made by you or someone else
• Overcoming a delay at work through problem solving and communication
• Resolving an issue with a difficult or upset customer
• Overcoming issues related to a limited budget, and still delivering good work through the use of creative problem solving
• Overcoming a scheduling/staffing shortage in the department to still deliver excellent work
• Troubleshooting and resolving technical issues
• Handling and resolving a conflict with a coworker
• Solving any problems related to money, customer billing, accounting and bookkeeping, etc.
• Taking initiative when another team member overlooked or missed something important
• Taking initiative to meet with your superior to discuss a problem before it became potentially worse
• Solving a safety issue at work or reporting the issue to those who could solve it
• Using problem solving abilities to reduce/eliminate a company expense
• Finding a way to make the company more profitable through new service or product offerings, new pricing ideas, promotion and sale ideas, etc.
• Changing how a process, team, or task is organized to make it more efficient
• Using creative thinking to come up with a solution that the company hasn’t used before
• Performing research to collect data and information to find a new solution to a problem
• Boosting a company or team’s performance by improving some aspect of communication among employees
• Finding a new piece of data that can guide a company’s decisions or strategy better in a certain area

Problem Solving Examples for Recent Grads/Entry Level Job Seekers

• Coordinating work between team members in a class project
• Reassigning a missing team member’s work to other group members in a class project
• Adjusting your workflow on a project to accommodate a tight deadline
• Speaking to your professor to get help when you were struggling or unsure about a project
• Asking classmates, peers, or professors for help in an area of struggle
• Talking to your academic advisor to brainstorm solutions to a problem you were facing
• Researching solutions to an academic problem online, via Google or other methods
• Using problem solving and creative thinking to obtain an internship or other work opportunity during school after struggling at first

You can share all of the examples above when you’re asked questions about problem solving in your interview. As you can see, even if you have no professional work experience, it’s possible to think back to problems and unexpected challenges that you faced in your studies and discuss how you solved them.

Interview Answers to “Give an Example of an Occasion When You Used Logic to Solve a Problem”

Now, let’s look at some sample interview answers to, “Give me an example of a time you used logic to solve a problem,” since you’re likely to hear this interview question in all sorts of industries.

Example Answer 1:

At my current job, I recently solved a problem where a client was upset about our software pricing. They had misunderstood the sales representative who explained pricing originally, and when their package renewed for its second month, they called to complain about the invoice. I apologized for the confusion and then spoke to our billing team to see what type of solution we could come up with. We decided that the best course of action was to offer a long-term pricing package that would provide a discount. This not only solved the problem but got the customer to agree to a longer-term contract, which means we’ll keep their business for at least one year now, and they’re happy with the pricing. I feel I got the best possible outcome and the way I chose to solve the problem was effective.

Example Answer 2:

In my last job, I had to do quite a bit of problem solving related to our shift scheduling. We had four people quit within a week and the department was severely understaffed. I coordinated a ramp-up of our hiring efforts, I got approval from the department head to offer bonuses for overtime work, and then I found eight employees who were willing to do overtime this month. I think the key problem solving skills here were taking initiative, communicating clearly, and reacting quickly to solve this problem before it became an even bigger issue.

Example Answer 3:

In my current marketing role, my manager asked me to come up with a solution to our declining social media engagement. I assessed our current strategy and recent results, analyzed what some of our top competitors were doing, and then came up with an exact blueprint we could follow this year to emulate our best competitors but also stand out and develop a unique voice as a brand. I feel this is a good example of using logic to solve a problem because it was based on analysis and observation of competitors, rather than guessing or quickly reacting to the situation without reliable data. I always use logic and data to solve problems when possible. The project turned out to be a success and we increased our social media engagement by an average of 82% by the end of the year.

Answering Questions About Problem Solving with the STAR Method

When you answer interview questions about problem solving scenarios, or if you decide to demonstrate your problem solving skills in a cover letter (which is a good idea any time the job description mention problem solving as a necessary skill), I recommend using the STAR method to tell your story.

STAR stands for:

It’s a simple way of walking the listener or reader through the story in a way that will make sense to them. So before jumping in and talking about the problem that needed solving, make sure to describe the general situation. What job/company were you working at? When was this? Then, you can describe the task at hand and the problem that needed solving. After this, describe the course of action you chose and why. Ideally, show that you evaluated all the information you could given the time you had, and made a decision based on logic and fact.

Finally, describe a positive result you got.

Whether you’re answering interview questions about problem solving or writing a cover letter, you should only choose examples where you got a positive result and successfully solved the issue.

Example answer:

Situation : We had an irate client who was a social media influencer and had impossible delivery time demands we could not meet. She spoke negatively about us in her vlog and asked her followers to boycott our products. (Task : To develop an official statement to explain our company’s side, clarify the issue, and prevent it from getting out of hand). Action : I drafted a statement that balanced empathy, understanding, and utmost customer service with facts, logic, and fairness. It was direct, simple, succinct, and phrased to highlight our brand values while addressing the issue in a logical yet sensitive way.   We also tapped our influencer partners to subtly and indirectly share their positive experiences with our brand so we could counter the negative content being shared online.  Result : We got the results we worked for through proper communication and a positive and strategic campaign. The irate client agreed to have a dialogue with us. She apologized to us, and we reaffirmed our commitment to delivering quality service to all. We assured her that she can reach out to us anytime regarding her purchases and that we’d gladly accommodate her requests whenever possible. She also retracted her negative statements in her vlog and urged her followers to keep supporting our brand.

What Are Good Outcomes of Problem Solving?

Whenever you answer interview questions about problem solving or share examples of problem solving in a cover letter, you want to be sure you’re sharing a positive outcome.

Below are good outcomes of problem solving:

• Saving the company time or money
• Making the company money
• Pleasing/keeping a customer
• Obtaining new customers
• Solving a safety issue
• Solving a staffing/scheduling issue
• Solving a logistical issue
• Solving a company hiring issue
• Solving a technical/software issue
• Making a process more efficient and faster for the company
• Creating a new business process to make the company more profitable
• Improving the company’s brand/image/reputation
• Getting the company positive reviews from customers/clients

Every employer wants to make more money, save money, and save time. If you can assess your problem solving experience and think about how you’ve helped past employers in those three areas, then that’s a great start. That’s where I recommend you begin looking for stories of times you had to solve problems.

Tips to Improve Your Problem Solving Skills

Throughout your career, you’re going to get hired for better jobs and earn more money if you can show employers that you’re a problem solver. So to improve your problem solving skills, I recommend always analyzing a problem and situation before acting. When discussing problem solving with employers, you never want to sound like you rush or make impulsive decisions. They want to see fact-based or data-based decisions when you solve problems.

Next, to get better at solving problems, analyze the outcomes of past solutions you came up with. You can recognize what works and what doesn’t. Think about how you can get better at researching and analyzing a situation, but also how you can get better at communicating, deciding the right people in the organization to talk to and “pull in” to help you if needed, etc.

Finally, practice staying calm even in stressful situations. Take a few minutes to walk outside if needed. Step away from your phone and computer to clear your head. A work problem is rarely so urgent that you cannot take five minutes to think (with the possible exception of safety problems), and you’ll get better outcomes if you solve problems by acting logically instead of rushing to react in a panic.

You can use all of the ideas above to describe your problem solving skills when asked interview questions about the topic. If you say that you do the things above, employers will be impressed when they assess your problem solving ability.

If you practice the tips above, you’ll be ready to share detailed, impressive stories and problem solving examples that will make hiring managers want to offer you the job. Every employer appreciates a problem solver, whether solving problems is a requirement listed on the job description or not. And you never know which hiring manager or interviewer will ask you about a time you solved a problem, so you should always be ready to discuss this when applying for a job.

Related interview questions & answers:

• How do you handle stress?
• How do you handle conflict?
• Tell me about a time when you failed

About the Author

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15 Common Problem-Solving Interview Questions

In an interview for a big tech company, I was asked if I’d ever resolved a fight — and the exact way I went about handling it. I felt blindsided, and I stammered my way through an excuse of an answer.

It’s a familiar scenario to fellow technical job seekers — and one that risks leaving a sour taste in our mouths. As candidate experience becomes an increasingly critical component of the hiring process, recruiters need to ensure the problem-solving interview questions they prepare don’t dissuade talent in the first place. 

Interview questions designed to gauge a candidate’s problem-solving skills are more often than not challenging and vague. Assessing a multifaceted skill like problem solving is tricky — a good problem solver owns the full solution and result, researches well, solves creatively and takes action proactively. 

It’s hard to establish an effective way to measure such a skill. But it’s not impossible.

We recommend taking an informed and prepared approach to testing candidates’ problem-solving skills . With that in mind, here’s a list of a few common problem-solving interview questions, the science behind them — and how you can go about administering your own problem-solving questions with the unique challenges of your organization in mind.

Key Takeaways for Effective Problem-Solving Interview Questions

• Problem solving lies at the heart of programming. 
• Testing a candidate’s problem-solving skills goes beyond the IDE. Problem-solving interview questions should test both technical skills and soft skills.
• STAR, SOAR and PREP are methods a candidate can use to answer some non-technical problem-solving interview questions.
• Generic problem-solving interview questions go a long way in gauging a candidate’s fit. But you can go one step further by customizing them according to your company’s service, product, vision, and culture. 

Technical Problem-Solving Interview Question Examples

Evaluating a candidates’ problem-solving skills while using coding challenges might seem intimidating. The secret is that coding challenges test many things at the same time — like the candidate’s knowledge of data structures and algorithms, clean code practices, and proficiency in specific programming languages, to name a few examples.

Problem solving itself might at first seem like it’s taking a back seat. But technical problem solving lies at the heart of programming, and most coding questions are designed to test a candidate’s problem-solving abilities.

Here are a few examples of technical problem-solving questions:

1. Mini-Max Sum  

This well-known challenge, which asks the interviewee to find the maximum and minimum sum among an array of given numbers, is based on a basic but important programming concept called sorting, as well as integer overflow. It tests the candidate’s observational skills, and the answer should elicit a logical, ad-hoc solution.

2. Organizing Containers of Balls  

This problem tests the candidate’s knowledge of a variety of programming concepts, like 2D arrays, sorting and iteration. Organizing colored balls in containers based on various conditions is a common question asked in competitive examinations and job interviews, because it’s an effective way to test multiple facets of a candidate’s problem-solving skills.

3. Build a Palindrome

This is a tough problem to crack, and the candidate’s knowledge of concepts like strings and dynamic programming plays a significant role in solving this challenge. This problem-solving example tests the candidate’s ability to think on their feet as well as their ability to write clean, optimized code.

4. Subarray Division

Based on a technique used for searching pairs in a sorted array ( called the “two pointers” technique ), this problem can be solved in just a few lines and judges the candidate’s ability to optimize (as well as basic mathematical skills).

5. The Grid Search 

This is a problem of moderate difficulty and tests the candidate’s knowledge of strings and searching algorithms, the latter of which is regularly tested in developer interviews across all levels.

Common Non-Technical Problem-Solving Interview Questions 

Testing a candidate’s problem-solving skills goes beyond the IDE . Everyday situations can help illustrate competency, so here are a few questions that focus on past experiences and hypothetical situations to help interviewers gauge problem-solving skills.

1. Given the problem of selecting a new tool to invest in, where and how would you begin this task? 

Key Insight : This question offers insight into the candidate’s research skills. Ideally, they would begin by identifying the problem, interviewing stakeholders, gathering insights from the team, and researching what tools exist to best solve for the team’s challenges and goals. 

2. Have you ever recognized a potential problem and addressed it before it occurred? 

Key Insight: Prevention is often better than cure. The ability to recognize a problem before it occurs takes intuition and an understanding of business needs. 

3. A teammate on a time-sensitive project confesses that he’s made a mistake, and it’s putting your team at risk of missing key deadlines. How would you respond?

Key Insight: Sometimes, all the preparation in the world still won’t stop a mishap. Thinking on your feet and managing stress are skills that this question attempts to unearth. Like any other skill, they can be cultivated through practice.

4. Tell me about a time you used a unique problem-solving approach. 

Key Insight: Creativity can manifest in many ways, including original or novel ways to tackle a problem. Methods like the 10X approach and reverse brainstorming are a couple of unique approaches to problem solving. 

5. Have you ever broken rules for the “greater good?” If yes, can you walk me through the situation?

Key Insight: “Ask for forgiveness, not for permission.” It’s unconventional, but in some situations, it may be the mindset needed to drive a solution to a problem.

6. Tell me about a weakness you overcame at work, and the approach you took. 

Key Insight: According to Compass Partnership , “self-awareness allows us to understand how and why we respond in certain situations, giving us the opportunity to take charge of these responses.” It’s easy to get overwhelmed when faced with a problem. Candidates showing high levels of self-awareness are positioned to handle it well.

7. Have you ever owned up to a mistake at work? Can you tell me about it?

Key Insight: Everybody makes mistakes. But owning up to them can be tough, especially at a workplace. Not only does it take courage, but it also requires honesty and a willingness to improve, all signs of 1) a reliable employee and 2) an effective problem solver.

8. How would you approach working with an upset customer?

Key Insight: With the rise of empathy-driven development and more companies choosing to bridge the gap between users and engineers, today’s tech teams speak directly with customers more frequently than ever before. This question brings to light the candidate’s interpersonal skills in a client-facing environment.

9. Have you ever had to solve a problem on your own, but needed to ask for additional help? How did you go about it? 

Key Insight: Knowing when you need assistance to complete a task or address a situation is an important quality to have while problem solving. This questions helps the interviewer get a sense of the candidate’s ability to navigate those waters. 

10. Let’s say you disagree with your colleague on how to move forward with a project. How would you go about resolving the disagreement?

Key Insight: Conflict resolution is an extremely handy skill for any employee to have; an ideal answer to this question might contain a brief explanation of the conflict or situation, the role played by the candidate and the steps taken by them to arrive at a positive resolution or outcome. 

Strategies for Answering Problem-Solving Questions

If you’re a job seeker, chances are you’ll encounter this style of question in your various interview experiences. While problem-solving interview questions may appear simple, they can be easy to fumble — leaving the interviewer without a clear solution or outcome. 

It’s important to approach such questions in a structured manner. Here are a few tried-and-true methods to employ in your next problem-solving interview.

1. Shine in Interviews With the STAR Method

S ituation, T ask, A ction, and R esult is a great method that can be employed to answer a problem-solving or behavioral interview question. Here’s a breakdown of these steps:

• Situation : A good way to address almost any interview question is to lay out and define the situation and circumstances. 
• Task : Define the problem or goal that needs to be addressed. Coding questions are often multifaceted, so this step is particularly important when answering technical problem-solving questions.
• Action : How did you go about solving the problem? Try to be as specific as possible, and state your plan in steps if you can.
• Result : Wrap it up by stating the outcome achieved. 

2. Rise above difficult questions using the SOAR method

A very similar approach to the STAR method, SOAR stands for S ituation, O bstacle, A ction, and R esults .

• Situation: Explain the state of affairs. It’s important to steer clear of stating any personal opinions in this step; focus on the facts.
• Obstacle: State the challenge or problem you faced.
• Action: Detail carefully how you went about overcoming this obstacle.
• Result: What was the end result? Apart from overcoming the obstacle, did you achieve anything else? What did you learn in the process? 

3. Do It the PREP Way

Traditionally used as a method to make effective presentations, the P oint, R eason, E xample, P oint method can also be used to answer problem-solving interview questions.  

• Point : State the solution in plain terms. 
• Reasons: Follow up the solution by detailing your case — and include any data or insights that support your solution. 
• Example: In addition to objective data and insights, drive your answer home by contextualizing the solution in a real-world example.
• Point : Reiterate the solution to make it come full circle.

How to Customize Problem-Solving Interview Questions 

Generic problem-solving interview questions go a long way in gauging a candidate’s skill level, but recruiters can go one step further by customizing these problem-solving questions according to their company’s service, product, vision, or culture. 

Here are some tips to do so:

• Break down the job’s responsibilities into smaller tasks. Job descriptions may contain ambiguous responsibilities like “manage team projects effectively.” To formulate an effective problem-solving question, envision what this task might look like in a real-world context and develop a question around it.  
• Tailor questions to the role at hand. Apart from making for an effective problem-solving question, it gives the candidate the impression you’re an informed technical recruiter. For example, an engineer will likely have attended many scrums. So, a good question to ask is: “Suppose you notice your scrums are turning unproductive. How would you go about addressing this?” 
• Consider the tools and technologies the candidate will use on the job. For example, if Jira is the primary project management tool, a good problem-solving interview question might be: “Can you tell me about a time you simplified a complex workflow — and the tools you used to do so?”
• If you don’t know where to start, your company’s core values can often provide direction. If one of the core values is “ownership,” for example, consider asking a question like: “Can you walk us through a project you owned from start to finish?” 
• Sometimes, developing custom content can be difficult even with all these tips considered. Our platform has a vast selection of problem-solving examples that are designed to help recruiters ask the right questions to help nail their next technical interview.

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5 problem-solving questions to prepare you for your next interview

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What is problem-solving, and why do hiring managers care so much about it?

How to answer problem-solving questions

Common problem-solving questions and answers, things to avoid when answering problem-solving questions, how to prepare for problem-solving interview questions, problem solved.

“How would you approach telling a manager that they’ve made a mistake ?” 

Hard problem-solving questions like these can catch you off guard in a job interview. They’re hard to prepare for if you don’t know they’re coming, and you might not even see why they’re relevant to the job.

Even the most experienced interviewees might feel like they’re giving a bad interview if they stumble on questions like these.

Preparing and practicing hard questions is one way to ease your fears. Learn to dissect what a hiring manager is really asking and answer problem-solving questions with confidence. 

What is problem-solving, and why do hiring managers care so much about it? 

Problem-solving is holistically understanding a problem, determining its cause, and identifying creative solutions . Many, if not most, job descriptions ask for problem-solving skills because regardless of industry, they’re an asset in the workplace.

Startups and tech companies like Google famously pose critical thinking and problem-solving questions in job interviews . But hiring managers from all industries use unique questions like these to understand your problem-solving skills. It’s not about the answer you give, or whether it’s correct, but the way you come to that conclusion.

In job interviews, problem-solving questions pose a potential problem or situation typical to the job you’re interviewing for. Your response shows your ability to respond to common problems, even on the spot. Depending on the question, it can also indicate other skills like:

Critical thinking

Communication

Dependability

Behavioral competency

Soft skills

Decision-making

The average business spends $4,700 hiring one new worker , so it wants to make sure you’re the right fit for the job. Even if you have the right skills and experience on paper, hiring managers need a comprehensive idea of what kind of worker you are to avoid choosing the wrong candidate.

Like standard behavioral interview questions , problem-solving questions offer interviewers a more well-rounded view of how you might perform on the job. 

Problem-solving questions encourage you to give answers about your past experiences, decision-making process , and ability to arrive at creative solutions . Learning how to answer questions in an interview means learning how to tell a good story , so your answer should have a clear structure, unique topic, and compelling journey to demonstrate your competencies.

The STAR method is a common technique for answering problem-solving interview questions clearly and thoughtfully. The acronym stands for situation, task, action, and result. It provides a simple structure that gives your response a smooth beginning, middle, and end.

Here’s how to use the STAR method to describe past on-the-job experiences or hypothetical situations: 

Situation: Start with a problem statement that clearly defines the situation. 

Task: Explain your role in the situation. What is, or would be your responsibility?

Action: Recount the steps or problem-solving strategies you used, or would use, to overcome the problem.

Result: Share what you achieved or would hope to resolve through your problem-solving process.

Every job requires problem-solving on some level, so you can expect at least one job interview question to ask about those skills. Here are a few common problem-solving interview questions to practice:

1. Give us an example of when you faced an unexpected challenge at work. What did you do to face it?

What’s a hiring manager really asking? Employers want to know that your problem-solving has a process. They want to hear you break down a problem into a set of steps to solve it.

Sample answer: I was working in sales for a wholesale retailer. A regular client wrongly communicated the pricing of a unit. I realized this immediately, and rather than pointing out the error, I quickly double-checked with my supervisor to see if we could respect the price.

I informed the client of the error and that we were happy to keep the price he was given. It made him feel like he'd gotten a fair deal and trusted my authority as a sales rep even more. The loss wasn't significant, but saving face in front of the client was.

2. How would you manage a frustrated client?

What’s a hiring manager really asking? They want to gauge your ability to stay cool and be patient in stressful situations, even when dealing with difficult people . Keep your answer professional, and don't use the opportunity to bad-mouth a past client. Show that you can stay respectful even if someone isn’t respecting you. 

Sample answer: I've had plenty of experience dealing with unhappy clients. I've learned two important things: their frustration isn’t a personal attack against me, and we have the same goal to solve the problem. Knowing that helps me stay calm, listen carefully to the client's situation, and do my best to identify where the situation went astray.

Once we identify the problem, if I can handle it myself, I communicate exactly what we’ll do for the client and how. What steps we’ll take depend on the client, but I always start by proposing solutions to show I care about a path forward, and then keep them updated on my progress to implementing that fix. 

3. Describe a time you made a mistake at work. How did you fix it?

What’s a hiring manager really asking? No one is above making an error. Employers want to know that you own up to and learn from your mistakes instead of getting frustrated and walking away from the problem.

Sample answer: My first managerial position was at a public relations agency. When I was promoted to work on client outreach, I struggled to learn to delegate my old responsibilities, which were writing social media copy. I was afraid to let go of control, and I was micromanaging . One day, I wrote out some copy, sent it out, and quickly realized I was using the wrong style guide in my haste.

The client noticed, and we had to work to regain their trust, which put a strain on the entire team. I took full responsibility and used that moment to understand that I wasn't trusting my team's abilities. I apologized to my team for overstepping boundaries and worked to let go of my old role completely.

4. Have you ever had a difficult time working with a team member? How did you deal with the situation?

What’s a hiring manager really asking? Even the most independent job requires some teamwork, whether it’s communicating with clients or other team members. Employers want to know that you can solve interpersonal problems, know when to escalate and help maintain a positive work environment.

Sample answer: At my last job, we were fully remote. I had a coworker that wasn't very communicative about their process, which led to redundancies in our work and miscommunications that set us behind. I asked them to have a one-on-one meeting with me so we could analyze where we were failing to communicate and how to improve.

It wasn't a comfortable process, but we developed a better practice to collaborate and improve our ability to work as a team , including weekly meetings and check-ins.

5. Tell me about a time you created an innovative solution with limited information or resources.

What’s a hiring manager really asking? They want to test your resourcefulness, which is a valuable soft skill. Using a “ Tell me about a time” question lets you demonstrate out-of-the-box thinking and shows that you don't quit when things get difficult. 

Sample answer: I worked in project management for a software developer. We were frequently going over budget and needed to limit spending. I instituted a new workflow app across departments and made everyone track every step of their process. We ended up finding information silos between design, sales, and product development.

They were all using different platforms to communicate the status of the same project, which meant we were wasting time and money. We centralized communication and improved operational efficiency, solved our budget problems, and increased productivity by 30%.

Problem-solving questions offer deep insights into the kind of worker you are. While your answer is important, so is your delivery. Here are some things to avoid when trying to answer problem-solving questions:

Don’t clam up: It's okay to take your time to reflect, but never abstain from answering. An interviewer will understand if you need to pause and think. If you’re really stumped, you can ask to return to that question later in the interview. 

Avoid generic answers: Generic answers show a lack of creativity and innovation . Use the opportunity to explain what makes you and your problem-solving process unique. 

Don’t lose confidence: How you answer is as important as what you answer. Do your best to practice confident body language, like eye contact and strong posture. Practicing ahead of time can help alleviate pressure while you’re answering.

Try not to rush: Rushing through an answer could make it unclear or incoherent, which might reflect poorly on your ability to keep a level head. Practice mindful breathing and pace yourself. Answer slowly and deliberately.

Preparing for an interview will make you feel more comfortable and confident during the hiring process. Rather than thinking of answers on the spot, you can pull from different responses you're already familiar with. Here are some tips for practicing and improving your answers:

Create a list of problem-solving examples from throughout your career. Consider varied past experiences that play into important skills, like time management, project management, or teamwork, to show that you're a well-rounded candidate.

Whenever possible, give metrics to show results. For example, if you improved productivity, share percentages. If you upped sales, share numbers.

Carefully study the job description and connect the skills you find with specific ways you’ve used them.

Identify what you’re good at and choose experiences that play to your strengths.

When talking about mistakes or errors, always finish with the lesson you learned and how you plan on avoiding the same mistake.

Provide details that a hiring manager can recognize within the position they’re hiring for.

It’s normal to feel nervous about a job interview, especially if you’re expecting difficult questions. Learning how to overcome that challenge is the perfect way to put your problem-solving skills to the test.

Like everything else in your career, practice makes perfect, and learning to answer tough problem-solving questions is no different. Take the time to recall moments in your career when you overcame challenges, and practice telling those stories. Craft an answer that hiring managers will be excited to hear.

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Elizabeth Perry is a Coach Community Manager at BetterUp. She uses strategic engagement strategies to cultivate a learning community across a global network of Coaches through in-person and virtual experiences, technology-enabled platforms, and strategic coaching industry partnerships. With over 3 years of coaching experience and a certification in transformative leadership and life coaching from Sofia University, Elizabeth leverages transpersonal psychology expertise to help coaches and clients gain awareness of their behavioral and thought patterns, discover their purpose and passions, and elevate their potential. She is a lifelong student of psychology, personal growth, and human potential as well as an ICF-certified ACC transpersonal life and leadership Coach.

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Problem-Solving Interview Questions And Answers (With Examples)

• How To Answer Tell Me About Yourself?
• Elevator Pitch
• Where Do You See Yourself In 5 Years?
• What Are Your Career Goals?
• When Can You Start?
• How Do You Define Success?
• Describe Your Work Ethic
• Where Are Your Current Duties?
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• What Makes You Unique?
• Why Are You The Best Person For This Job?
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• What Are You Most Proud Of?
• Personal Code Of Ethics
• Problem Solving Interview Questions
• Taking Initiative Example
• How Do You Prioritize Your Work
• Explain Gaps In Employment
• Most Rewarding College Experience
• What Is Your Work Style
• Tell Me About A Time When You Made A Mistake On The Job
• Tell Me About Gaps In Employment
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• How To Answer Tell Me About A Time You Disagreed With Your Boss
• How To Answer Common Screening Questions

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Summary. Problem-solving questions are used to focus on a candidates past experience with managing conflicts and overcoming obstacles in the workplace. When answering these questions, be sure to make your answer relevant to the position that you are applying to and be honest about your strengths and weaknesses. Be sure to provide examples from previous experiences.

Are you in the process of searching for a new job ? If so, you might be getting ready to meet with a hiring manager or a recruiter for a job interview. And if you’re like the majority of job candidates, this stage of the job search process is probably making you feel a fair bit of trepidation.

And no wonder! The interview is a completely necessary step for any job search, but that doesn’t make it any less nerve-wracking to meet with a prospective employer and answer questions about your personality , skills, and professional background.

Key Takeaways:

Being able to solve problems is a skill that almost all job positions need.

Problem-solving questions assess a candidate’s ability to think on their feet, handle pressure, and find creative solutions to complex problems.

Make sure your answer to a problem-solving question tells a story of you as an effective team player.

What Is a Problem-Solving Interview Question?

How to answer a problem-solving interview question, eight examples of common problem-solving interview questions and answers, interviewing successfully, curveball questions, problem-solving faq.

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A problem-solving interview question is a question that focuses on a candidate’s past experience with managing conflicts and overcoming unexpected obstacles in the workplace.

Problem-solving questions can come up in many different forms. As a general rule, however, they will be aimed at uncovering your ability to handle stress and uncertainty in a wide variety of contexts.

When you’re answering problem-solving interview questions, there are a few important tips to keep in mind:

Make your answers relevant to the position that you’re applying to. Always bear in mind that the fundamental goal of any interview question is to provide a hiring manager with a glimpse inside the mind of a candidate.

By asking you a problem-solving question, your interviewer is trying to understand whether or not you’re the type of person that could be relied upon under pressure or during a crisis. Every role, furthermore, comes with its own particular type of pressure.

Be honest about your strengths ( and weaknesses ). Hiring managers tend to be quite good at reading people. Therefore, if you give them a bogus response, they’re very likely to see through that – and to subsequently consider you to be untrustworthy.

Of course, it can be tempting at the moment to fabricate certain details in your response in the attempt to make yourself seem like a better candidate. But inventing details – however small – tends to backfire .

Tell stories that will portray you as a team player. Hiring managers and employers are always on the lookout for job candidates who will collaborate and communicate well amongst a broader team.

Be sure to provide examples of moments in which you took charge. Leadership skills are another key quality that hiring managers and employers seek out in job candidates. And being presented with a problem-solving question, as it turns out, is the perfect opportunity to demonstrate your own leadership skills.

Now that we understand the basic principles of problem-solving interview questions and how to respond to them, we’re finally ready to break down some real-world examples. So without any further preamble, here are eight examples of common problem-solving interview questions (as well as some examples of how you might answer them):

Can you tell me about a time when you encountered an unexpected challenge in the workplace? How did you go about dealing with it?

Explanation: With this question , your interviewer will be attempting to get a sense of how well you’re able to adapt to unexpected difficulties. The critical thing to remember when you’re answering this question – as we briefly discussed above – is to recall an incident that will be directly relevant to the role and the organization that you’re applying to.

Here’s an example of a high-quality response to this question:

“I remember a particular day at my previous job when an important deadline was pushed up at the very last minute. As the project manager , it was my responsibility to implement the necessary steps that would enable us to meet this new and truncated deadline. “Many of my peers began to hang their heads, resigning themselves to their belief that there was no hope to meet the new deadline. But I’ve always prided myself on my ability to adapt and thrive within a dynamic and quick-paced work environment – and that’s precisely the personal skill set that I channeled on this occasion. In the end, I reorganized my team’s priorities so that we were able to accommodate the new deadline.”

How would you say you typically respond to problems in general, and in the workplace in particular?

Explanation: This question is primarily designed to gauge a candidate’s ability (or lack thereof) to remain cool, calm, and collected under pressure. The ideal response to this question, in other words, will include a brief personal anecdote that illustrates your level-headedness and your ability to make rational, clear decisions during times of uncertainty.

“I would say that one of the primary qualities that sets me apart from the crowd of other candidates is my ability to remain calm and centered when conditions in the workplace become chaotic. “Looking back, I think that I first began to cultivate this ability during my tenure as a product manager working with a major Silicon Valley start-up. That was a particularly stressful period, but it was also quite instructive – I learned a great deal about staying positive, focused, and productive after an unexpected challenge presented itself. “These days, when I’m confronted by an unexpected problem – whether it’s in my personal life or in my professional life – I immediately channel the conflict management skills that I’ve been honing throughout the duration of my career. This helps a great deal, and my skills in this regard are only continuing to improve.”

Can you tell me about a time when you’ve had to settle a workplace dispute between yourself and a manager or colleague?

Explanation: Always keep in mind that one of the fundamental goals of any problem-solving question is to help a hiring manager gain a clearer sense of a candidate’s ability to work with others.

This question, in particular, is designed to give your interviewer a clearer sense of how well you’re able to communicate and compromise with your colleagues. With that in mind, you should be sure to answer this question in a way that will display a willingness to be fair, empathetic, and respectful to your teammates.

“I recall an incident in my last job in which one of my colleagues felt that I had not provided him with adequate resources to enable him to be successful in a particular project. I was acting as team leader for that particular project, and so it was my responsibility to ensure that everyone in my team was equipped for success. Unfortunately, I had to learn through the proverbial grapevine that this particular colleague bore some ill will toward me. I’ve never been one to participate in idle gossip, and so I decided to speak with this person so that we could begin to find a solution and address his grievances. So I crafted an email to him asking him if he would be interested in joining me for coffee the following day. He accepted the invitation, and during our coffee break, we were able to talk at length about the damage that he felt had been done to him. We devised a mutually agreeable solution on the spot. From then on, we had no significant problems between us.”

Are there any steps that you’ll regularly take during the early stages of a new project to ensure that you’ll be able to manage unexpected problems that occur down the road?

Explanation: This question, above all, is designed to test your ability to plan ahead and mitigate risk. These are both essential qualities that employers typically seek out in job candidates, particularly those who are being vetted for a management or leadership role.

When you’re answering this question, it’s important to emphasize your ability to look ahead towards the future and anticipate potential risks. As with the previous examples that we’ve already examined, the best way to communicate this ability is to provide your interviewer with a concrete example from your previous work history.

“I live my life – and I conduct my work – according to a single, incredibly important motto: “Failing to prepare is preparing to fail.” I’m a firm believer, in other words, of the primacy of careful planning. Without it, projects are almost always doomed to fail. “In my previous role as a marketing content writer with a major software company, I strived to apply this motto to my work every single day. “Here’s an example: About a year ago, I was responsible for overseeing and launching a new content strategy aimed at driving up consumer engagement. From the very outset, I understood that that particular project could be run off the rails if we did not take into account a considerable number of factors. “I won’t bore you with all of the nitty-gritty details, but the point is that this was a particularly sensitive project that required diligent and careful risk assessment. “Having realized that, my colleagues and I devised a comprehensive and flexible strategy for managing many risks that we envisioned would be awaiting us down the road. That initial step – looking ahead towards the future and mapping out the terrain of potential hazards – proved to be an essential measure for the success of the project.”

Do you consider your problem-solving capabilities to be above average?

Explanation: Hiring managers are always on the lookout for job candidates that stand out from the crowd. It’s even better when they can find a job candidate who knows that they stand out and who expresses that knowledge by being confident in their abilities.

At the same time, it’s never in a job candidate’s best interests to come across as egotistical or arrogant. When you’re responding to a question like this (that is, a question that’s focused on your ability to assess your own talents), it’s important to do your best to come across as self-assured but not pompous.

“Yes, all things considered, I would say that I have a talent for risk assessment, problem-solving, and risk mitigation. “That said, I can’t claim complete ownership over these abilities. In most cases, my demonstrated success in managing risk and solving problems in the workplace can be attributed at least as much to my team members as it can to me. For me to be able to be a successful problem-solver, it helps to be surrounded by colleagues whom I can trust.”

How would you describe your typical immediate reaction to unexpected challenges? Do you prefer to jump straight into the problem-solving process, or do you more commonly take some time to analyze and assess the problem before you dive in?

Explanation: This question is aimed at gauging your patience levels. This one can be a bit tricky because employers will sometimes prefer different responses – it all depends on the type of position and employer you’re applying for.

If you’re applying for a role in a quick-paced working environment that demands swift action , it will benefit you to describe your problem-solving strategy as unflinching and immediate.

If, on the other hand, the role you’re applying to does not demand such immediate action, it will probably be better to describe yourself as a more removed and relaxed problem solver.

But as always, you should never lie to your employer. Most of us will fall somewhere in the middle of these two types of problem solvers and will thereby have no difficulty painting ourselves honestly as one or the other.

However, if you’re definitely one type or the other, then you should describe yourself as such. This will make it much more likely that you’ll end up in a position that will be maximally rewarding both for you and for your employer.

“In most cases, my response to an unexpected problem will entirely depend on the nature of the problem at hand. If it demands immediate action, then I’ll dive right in without hesitation. “If, however, I determine that it would be more beneficial to take a step back and analyze the nature of the problem before we begin to meddle with it, then that’s exactly what I’ll do. “Generally speaking, I would say that I prefer the latter approach – that is, to take a step back and think things through before I begin to try to find a solution. In my experience, this makes it much easier for everyone involved to arrive at a practical and sustainable solution. “That said, I’m also perfectly capable of jumping straight into a problem if it demands immediate attention.”

Can you tell us about a time in which you had to explain a technically complicated subject to a client or customer? How did you approach that process, and how did it turn out?

Explanation: Strong communication skills are essential in the modern workplace. That means that employers tend to seek out job candidates that communicate well with their colleagues and individuals who have varying professional backgrounds and skill sets, including clients, customers, and third-party professionals.

“I recall an incident from many years ago – while I was working as a software engineer for a prominent robotics company – in which I found myself in the position of having to describe incredibly complex engineering details to a client. “This client had no prior experience in software engineering or artificial intelligence, so I had to relate this esoteric information more or less in layman terms. “Thankfully, I was able to employ some useful metaphors and analogies to communicate the information in a manner that this client could appreciate and understand. We went on to establish a successful collaborative partnership that flourished for four years.”

How would you rate your ability to work and succeed without direct supervision from your managers?

Explanation: Employers always tend to place a high value on job candidates who are self-motivated and can maintain high levels of productivity without constant supervision.

This is especially true now that the COVID-19 pandemic has suddenly made it necessary for so many millions of employers to transition to a remote workforce model. This question is designed to assess a candidate’s ability to stay focused and motivated while working remotely or without supervision.

“I’ve always considered myself – and my resume and references will support this – to be an exceptionally self-motivated individual, even when I’m working from home. “In fact, like many employees, I often find that my productivity levels tend to increase when I’m working remotely. I strive to set a positive example for my colleagues, even when we’re not all working under the same roof.”

Generally speaking, the best strategy for success in interviewing for a new job is doing your research beforehand. That means that you should be intimately familiar with the role, department, and company that you’re applying to before you step into the room (or log on to the Zoom meeting ) on the day of your interview.

When you preemptively take the time to carefully research the organization as a whole – and the responsibilities of the job opportunity in particular – you’ll minimize your chances of being caught off guard by an unexpectedly difficult question .

Still, there is only so much background information that you can uncover about an organization and a role before a job interview. No matter how carefully you prepare and how much background research you conduct, there are very likely going to be curveball questions during your job interview that you can’t predict.

In fact, many employers prefer to ask curveball questions (in addition to more run of the mill job interview questions) because they provide an insightful glimpse into a job candidate’s analytical thinking skills – not just their ability to memorize and recite answers to more common interview questions .

To that end, many hiring managers will ask job candidates to answer one or more problem-solving questions during a typical job interview. In contrast to traditional interview questions (such as: “Why do you think that you would be a good fit for this role?”

Or: “What do you consider to be your greatest professional achievement up to the current moment?”), problem-solving questions are specifically designed to assess a job candidate’s ability to think on their feet, handle real pressure, and find creative solutions to complex problems.

They’re also commonly referred to as analytical skills interview questions because they’re designed to gauge a candidate’s ability to make analytical decisions in real-time.

What are problem-solving skills?

Problem-solving skills include skills like research, communication, and decision making. Problem-solving skills allow for you to identify and solve problems effectively and efficiently. Research skills allow for you to identify the problem.

Communication skills allow for you to collaborate with others to come up with a plan to solve the problem. Decision making skills allow you to choose the right solution to the problem.

Why do interviewers ask problem-solving interview questions?

Interviewers ask problem-solving interview questions to see how candidate will approach and solve difficult situations. Interviewers want to see how you handle stress and uncertainty before hiring you for a position. Problem-solving is an important part of the everyday workday so they need to be sure you are capable of solving problems.

How do you solve a problem effectively?

To solve problems effectively you should first break the problem down and try different approaches. Breaking the problem up into different parts will help you have a better understanding and help you decide what your next step is going to be.

Once you see the different parts of the problem, trying different approaches to solve the problem can help you solve it faster. This will also help you determine the appropriate tools you need to solve the problem.

U.S. Department of Labor – Interview Tips

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Chris Kolmar is a co-founder of Zippia and the editor-in-chief of the Zippia career advice blog. He has hired over 50 people in his career, been hired five times, and wants to help you land your next job. His research has been featured on the New York Times, Thrillist, VOX, The Atlantic, and a host of local news. More recently, he's been quoted on USA Today, BusinessInsider, and CNBC.

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Problem-Solving Interview Questions and Answers

How to Answer Some of the Toughest Interview Questions

• Why Companies Ask
• Techniques for Answering
• Sample Problem-Solving Q&As

Possible Follow-Up Questions

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Depending upon your industry, you may be asked to answer problem-solving questions at some point during your interview with a hiring manager. These questions are common in IT, engineering, and other technical sectors where strong data analysis and problem-solving competencies are essential. However, once in a while, you’ll be asked to field a problem-solving interview question even if you aren’t in a strictly technical discipline.

Here’s how to prepare so that you’ll be able to “think on your feet” should a problem-solving question be asked.

Why Companies Ask Problem-Solving Questions

Problem-solving questions often fall into the category of interview questions without a right (or wrong) answer . Companies seek proactive, solutions-oriented employees for many of the jobs they are filling, and are more interested in the approach you’d take to solve a problem than they are in you providing the “correct” answer.

These types of questions are good examples of situational interview questions . Employers try to predict how you could solve a work problem for them in the future, based upon how you have either done so in the past or are currently doing so in the interview.

These questions may also be asked to assess your command of a key industry-specific process or technology. This holds true especially for interviews conducted by tech employers . If you are in a technical field, be ready to discuss how you would solve common project development, implementation problems, or obstacles.

Techniques for Answering Problem-Solving Interview Questions

How you should answer a problem-solving question will depend upon whether you are participating in a solo or a group interview .

Tips for Problem Solving in a Solo Interview

If you are asked to solve a problem in a solo interview, it’s an excellent strategy to demonstrate how you are able to follow the five primary steps in problem solving :

• Analyze the factors that caused the problem.
• Brainstorm possible solutions.
• Evaluate the cost and potential viability of these solutions.
• Implement a plan.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of your intervention.

Alternatively, you may be asked how you solved a problem in the past. The Situation, Task, Action, Result (STAR) interview response technique is a highly effective way to structure a detailed anecdote in response to a situational or a behavioral interview question. In this technique, you describe: 

• A Situation (S) in which a problem arose
• The Task (T) —in this case, a problem that you had to solve
• The Action (A) or process you initiated to solve the problem
• The Results (R) of your problem-solving action

Tips for Problem Solving in a Group Interview

If you are in a situation where several candidates are being interviewed together, you may be asked to work together as a team to complete a problem-solving or work simulation. Afterwards, it is common for interviewers to ask the group to describe the process they took to address the problem.

The STAR interview response technique can work well in this situation. 

During the problem-solving portion of the work simulation itself, remember to be a good listener as well as an innovative team collaborator. 

If you have the opportunity to lead (without steamrolling) the group, recognize each person’s contributions as you later describe your collective problem-solving strategy to the interviewer.

Sample Problem-Solving Q&As

Here are a few examples of how to answer problem-solving questions. Use them as models in formulating your own responses as you practice for your interview .

How would you deal with an unanticipated understaffing situation?

This problem seems to occur every holiday season, so I’ve developed strategies to ensure that we have adequate staff coverage. The most important trick, I think, is to be proactive. I keep a current list of personnel who are willing to come in at a moment’s notice to fill others’ shifts—especially around major holidays (when people are likely to call in sick). Each time an employee agrees to cover someone else’s shift, I make a point to recognize them with a big “thank you” sign I write on our office whiteboard. This keeps morale high enough that I can generally find someone at a moment’s notice to come in. I also try to cross-train most of our staff so that they can cover for their colleagues when necessary. As a last resort, I’ll cover their shift myself if that’s required.

Why It Works: This candidate shows that they understand that it’s sometimes necessary to have multiple strategies in their “toolbox” to address unexpected problems in the workplace. The candidate describes how they are capable of examining options and coming up with a plan.

What would happen if you realized that you and your team wouldn’t be able to meet the deadline for your deliverables? What would you do?

This actually happened nine months ago, when our team was prepared to go live with a new product. A month before launch, we learned that one of our primary part’s shipment would be delayed. I immediately tried to contract with another supplier—although I sourced one, they couldn’t promise that they’d be able to deliver by our deadline. However, I was as transparent as possible throughout the situation, alerting management and our different department heads about the issue. Fortunately, the R&D engineers were then able to do a quick redesign that allowed us to use another part we could access quickly—and that turned out to be 20% cheaper than the original part! We met our deadline and saved costs at the same time. 

Why It Works: This answer uses the STAR technique to describe how the candidate solved a work issue in the past. It’s especially effective because they also quantify one of the results of their actions with a percentage.

Answers to problem-solving questions can be more impactful if you quantify your contributions with numbers, dollar figures, or percentages .

How would you deal with a difficult subordinate who publicly questioned your authority?

First, I try to analyze the situation rather than the employee’s words to see what might have caused their discontent. I would then speak with them privately, giving them the chance to air their grievance and myself the opportunity to work with them to find a solution. Sometimes, all it takes to soothe an employee is to let them know that their opinions are respected. However, if the employee continued to spread negativity and diminish department morale, I would put them on official notice to expect a formal performance review at the end of two weeks, at which point we would discuss their future with our department. 

Why It Works : With this response, the interviewee describes the logical problem-solving process they use when handling escalated issues with personnel, including how they make contingency plans if the initial interventions don’t work out. 

• Why are you the best person for this job? - Best Answers
• Tell me about something that’s not on your resume. - Best Answers
• How have you handled a challenge? - Best Answers

Key Takeaways

Describe Your Process Explain to your interviewer the steps you would take to solve a workplace problem. 

Use Examples Provide detailed illustrations of how you have successfully solved problems in the past.

Practice Makes Perfect Brainstorm your own answers to questions about problem solving, then practice delivering these responses. 

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18 Problem Solving Interview Questions and Sample Answers

Every day we face a ton of issues — from a glitching app to a misplaced important document. Some are tiny ones and rarely have an impact on our work. Other events tinder to push a manageable problem into a likely crisis (unless you take decisive action). 

So it follows that companies are looking for people with strong problem-solving abilities — candidates with strong analytical, critical thinking, and conceptual skills. You need to demonstrate these on your resume and during the job interview to land a solid job. 

In this post, we provide a set of common problem-solving interview questions employers use to screen candidates (with sample answers included!). But first, let’s recap the basics!

What Are Some Examples of Problem-Solving Skills?

As the name implies, problem-solving skills indicate your ability to effectively resolve different issues and move past various bottlenecks in your day-to-day work. Essentially, it’s a collection of conceptual and critical thinking skills , indicative of your strong cognitive abilities, creative thinking, and proactive approach to work. 

Common examples of problem-solving skills include:

• Data analysis 
• Issue resolution 
• Conflict management 
• Strategic thinking 
• Process optimization 
• Troubleshooting 
• Deductive reasoning 
• Strategic planning
• Industry analysis 

How Do You Show Problem-Solving Skills in an Interview?

Problem-solving skills are rather hands-on. They indicate your ability to tackle an array of challenges in different situations. Therefore, the best way to show your strong problem-solving skills in a job interview is by using contextual examples. When answering interview problem-solving questions, first describe the general situation. Next, talk about the task (problem) you’ve had. Then explain what actions you took. Finally, conclude with an outcome (result) gained. 

The above approach is called the STAR interview method . It’s a highly effective approach to excelling at different types of problem-solving interview questions that we are covering in this post! 

6 Problem-Solving Interview Questions and Answers Examples

The universe of problem-solving interview questions can be conditionally broken down to:

• Situational interview questions — such as when the interviewer asks you to explain your response/actions in a certain setting.
• Case challenges (studies) — context-rich, modeled business scenarios you are given some time to review and respond to. 
• Tests and exercises —  shorter puzzles or quiz-style questions you need to complete within a certain time.

Some interviewers also like to throw in a couple of weird interview questions , aimed at challenging your on-the-stop problem-solving skills. For example, Jeff Bezos once asked an interviewee to try counting the number of windows in Seattle. 

What stays the same in every case is the purpose of such questions: An interviewer aims to understand your thought process and logical reasoning abilities.

To help you successfully do just that, we’ve made a list of common problem-solving skills interview questions with sample answers you can use to model your responses. 

1. Tell Me About The Time You’ve Faced a Major Challenge At Work

This question can be more context-specific. For example, the interviewer may prompt you to talk about meeting an unrealistic deadline, resolving a professional mishap, or dealing with another type of out-of-the-ordinary work situation. In every case, you must not just describe the problem, but clearly communicate what you’ve done to resolve it. 

Sample answer: 

“My sales team spent 6+ months preparing for a major demo for this manufacturing client. It was an important strategic deal for Acme Inc. Two days before the presentation, the main Account Manager fell sick with COVID-19 and couldn’t do the meeting. Since I worked closely with him, I volunteered to moderate the presentation and facilitate the discussion. We’ve notified the client team about the changes and I’ve invited their management to a quick lunch a day ahead to meet up and “break the ice”. Then helped conduct the negotiation. We’ve successfully closed this deal.” 

2. What’s Your Standard Approach to Resolving Blockers at Work? 

The answer to this problem-solving interview question will be somewhat different for regular employees and managers. 

• As a regular employee, you should focus your reply on your personal time-management and organizational skills .
• As a manager, you should lean more towards your administrative and leadership skills . 

Below is a sample answer from a manager’s perspective: 

“I’d describe my management style as a facilitator. As a UX Design Lead, I spend a lot of time prioritizing our backlog in line with the company-wide product roadmap and collecting regular input from other teams. Based on it, I set different levels of priorities for design tasks and map dependencies between them. Then I communicate the main priorities in this Sprint to the design team every 2-3 months. Weekly, I go through the work backlog to analyze progress and reach out to individual members on status reports. If the person is stuck, I try to figure out the root cause for that first, then get back to them with different suggestions on how to move forward.” 

3. You Have Two Vendors: One Has Lower Prices, Another Proposes Faster Shipping. Which One Would You Pick? 

Many interviewers like to pose short case study-based questions as a prompt for you to describe your approaches to decision-making. In most cases, there’s no right or wrong answer to them. Instead, the interviewer wants to understand how you access different options when making operational calls. Give them a walkthrough.

Sample answer. 

“I’d check two metrics first — planned deadlines and current budgets. If a later delivery doesn’t affect the manufacturing schedule, I’d go with a cheaper vendor. If the materials are time-sensitive, I’d approach the CFO regarding the matter and explain why paying a higher supply price is more favorable than risking manufacturing delays (and bearing direct and indirect costs of that). To make my case, I’d use ERP data and a business intelligence app to model different scenarios.” 

4. You Need to Proceed with the Project Execution, But You Lack Important Data. What Are Your Next Steps? 

For most companies, the current economic realities are rather volatile — from ongoing supply chain disruptions to rapid changes in consumer preferences. Thus, operational decisions have to be taken fast, often with incomplete data. 

By posing this question, the interviewer likely wants to assess your general business acumen skills , as well as approaches to strategic planning. 

Sample answer

“As a marketing manager, I fully understand that good data may not always be available. In such cases, I try to generate my own data and test assumptions. First, I try to split test different types of creative and run them by a sample target audience group. Based on the response rates (e.g. average click-through rates), I then select the main creative to use in the campaign.”   

5. A Customer Asks for a Certain Product, But It’s Out of Stock. They are Unhappy. How Would You Respond? 

For customer-facing roles, you may be probed with a problem-solving interview question presenting some sort of a customer issue. Such questions are common in hospitality, restaurant, and retail industries among others.

Your goal is to showcase your stellar customer service skills and ability to manage potential conflicts effectively. 

Sample answer . 

“First, I’d ask the customer if they’d be open to some alternatives — and provide a range of similar products we currently have in stock. If neither works for them, I’d look up the restock information and offer to put them on a notification list. Or, if they are open to that — suggest placing a backorder. If they are still not happy, I’d politely ask them to wait for a moment and approach the manager about the possibility of issuing a discount for them or offering free expedited shipping once the product is back in stock.” 

6. You Are Last to Leave the Office, But Can’t Find Your Keys. It’s Late and No One Else is Around. What Would You Do?

This is another sample situational interview question, prompting you to talk about your approaches to responding to unexpected circumstances. The other party wants to understand whether you’d be following the protocol or acting erratic (or unprofessional).

Here’s how you should answer this question:

“Well, I’d first re-check if I haven’t misplaced my keys and search all my belongings. If I truly don’t have them on me, I can’t leave the office without properly securing it, right? So I’d try calling my manager to see if they could help — or another employee, whom I know to leave close by. I believe one of them would be able to come and help me out or direct me towards the right HR person to contact about this.” 

Even More Problem-Solving Interview Questions To Practice! 

• You’ve hatched a detailed plan, but there were some last-moment changes. How would you respond?
• Your colleague proposes an alternative plan. The team can’t decide between the two ideas. What would you do? 
• How do you usually handle workplace conflict between employees of the same level? 
• What is your approach to collecting data before the project kick-off? Please describe your usual steps. 
• What was the biggest professional problem you’ve managed to successfully overcome? How did you tackle it?
• A senior colleague is looking for your recommendation on X. How would you prepare it? 
• You and your team are stuck in a traffic jam. You are running late to an important client meeting. What would you do?
• What would you do if you got stuck on an office balcony without your cell phone? 
• During a regular equipment inspection, you’ve found that one machine is behaving oddly. How will you do the troubleshooting? 
• Can you count how many tennis balls would fit into this room? 
• What does “being resourceful” mean for you? 
• Could you exemplify your “self-sufficiency” abilities? How do you ensure high personal performance? 

How to Approach Problem-Solving Interview Questions?

When presented with any type of a problem-solving interview question your main goal is to narrate how you’ll use your analytics, situational analysis, and critical-thinking skills to best navigate the matter. You should always clearly communicate what you plan to do and why. Then highlight the outcome you’d aim to achieve. 

Remember: the interviewer doesn’t expect you to come up with a highly elaborate multi-step roadmap. They just want to hear how you’ve solved similar issues in the past and how you might react to new challenges!

Elena runs content operations at Freesumes since 2017. She works closely with copywriters, designers, and invited career experts to ensure that all content meets our highest editorial standards. Up to date, she wrote over 200 career-related pieces around resume writing, career advice... more

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13 Problem-Solving Interview Questions to Assess a Candidate

Solving problems is something we do every day – whether it be at work or throughout our personal lives. However, what we often tend to forget about is that each one of us has different approaches to finding solutions and solving problems. 

As cognitive skills, according to World Economic Forum, especially complex problem-solving in the workplace, are reportedly growing in importance – so is the urgency to be able to assess these skills in candidates. However, these skills cannot be easily assessed by looking at someone’s CV or motivation letter. This is precisely why many employers have turned to assessing problem solving abilities during the interview process. 

In this blog, you will find out:

• 5 aspects of what make up problem solving ability

2 different types of problem solving styles

• 13 interview questions to determine problem-solving abilities

Disadvantages of assessing problem-solving in interviews

What is problem-solving skill/ability.

A problem can be defined as a gap between the current situation and the desired outcome. To fill this gap, problem-solving abilities are needed. Problem-solving in the workplace describes our way of thinking and the behaviour we engage in to obtain the desired outcome we seek, which could be attaining a certain goal or finding a satisfactory answer to our questions.

In the workplace, employees are expected to solve problems daily, ultimately ensuring the smooth functioning of the company. Therefore, problem-solving ability is one of the most important aspects which needs to be assessed prior to hiring. Problem-solving ability is associated with several sub-skills depending on the nature of the tasks involved in the profession. For instance, a successful business consultant might want to be equipped with good communication skills, empathy, and analytical thinking, all of which can be considered sub-skills of problem-solving ability. 

However, the thing is that assessing whether someone’s problem solving skills are high or low during an interview process is quite challenging . That is why you should focus on asking questions that allow to understand what kind of a problem solving style the candidate possesses.

Individuals might adopt different problem-solving strategies (otherwise also called styles) based on the information available for the problem, the time they spend on planning before they take action, or whether they like to test multiple solutions before deciding on which solution is the optimal one. The main problem-solving styles can be classified as intuitive and systematic, but what are the differences between these two styles of problem-solving?

Individuals with more systematic problem-solving style

• They have a higher tendency to first identify the situation and analytically disentangle problems into several components, then logically evaluate the available alternatives and try to find a rule to solve problems.
• At the end of the process, they may also evaluate the consequence of the whole process to possibly adjust their strategy in the future. However, they might face difficulty when tackling ill-structured or defined problems, whereby they cannot generate a promising plan to act.
• They may also struggle under time constraints when intuitive decisions need to be made.

Individuals that prefer more intuitive problem-solving style

• They prefer relying on their “gut feeling” when solving problems. While they may rely on their intuition to assess facts, they also often take their feelings and non-verbal cues from their surrounding into consideration.
• They are open to quickly switching to alternative solutions when things do not work out. Using this strategy, they are good at dealing with uncertainty, ill-defined problems or novel problems with no real information.
• However, this kind of thinking pattern might work sometimes but can be less effective with more complex problems and end up being more time-consuming overall than a more systematic approach.

Why you should assess problem solving style not ability during interviews?

Problem-solving style refers to an individual’s preferred approach to solving problems, such as relying on intuition or using a systematic approach. This is a relatively stable trait that can be identified through the candidate’s responses to interview questions.  

In contrast, problem-solving ability is a multifaceted skill that involves various cognitive processes, such as critical thinking, reasoning, and creativity. It can be difficult to assess a candidate’s problem-solving ability solely through interview questions because the interview setting may not provide a realistic representation of the types of problems the candidate would encounter on the job. 

13 problem-solving interview questions to assess candidates

Let’s go through each question and discuss how candidates might answer and what that could indicate about their problem-solving abilities & style:

1.Can you describe a situation where you had to solve a problem without having all the necessary information at hand? How did you approach it?

A systematic problem solver might approach answering this question by explaining that they would find it important to try to gather as much information as possible before making a decision, while an intuitive problem solver might mention they would rely more on their instincts and prior experience to make a quick decision.

2. Let’s say you need to solve an unexpected problem but don’t have much information about it. What steps would you take to solve it efficiently?

A systematic problem solver might approach answering this question by breaking down the problem into smaller components and analyzing each one systematically, while an intuitive problem solver might rely more on their gut instincts and previous experience to quickly identify potential solutions. 

If a candidate mentions that they would try to gather more information relating the potential causes of the problem to be able to grasp it better, that’s probably a better answer than just stating that they’d just decide to give up. 

• Intuitive. “I would start by identifying the key issues and then brainstorming potential solutions. Once I had a few options, I would test them out and iterate until I found the best solution.”
• Systematic. “I would begin by gathering as much information as possible, researching the problem, and analyzing the data. Then, I would create a plan to address the problem and evaluate the effectiveness of the plan as I go along.”

3. How do you approach making decisions? Do you consider all alternatives before deciding on a solution?

When answering this question by explaining the importance of weighing all available options and then considering each one carefully before making a final decision, the candidate might have a more systematic approach to problem solving. Whereas, someone who has a more intuitive approach to solving problems might be answering the question by explaining they prefer to make decisions quickly and based on their instincts.

4. Can you walk me through a situation where you had to solve a problem? What steps did you take to address it?

The main goal of asking this question during the interview is to be able to determine what steps the person chooses to take when addressing the problem. For example, people who seem to plan less and act more intuitively will likely prefer a more trial-and-error, rather than an analytical approach to solving a problem.

A systematic problem solver might approach this question by breaking down the problem into smaller components and explaining each step in a logical order, while an intuitive problem solver might give a more general overview of how they solved the problem without going into as much detail when describing the situation.

• Intuitive. “There was a time when our team was behind on a project deadline, so I just started throwing out ideas for how we could catch up. We eventually settled on a strategy that worked and were able to finish the project on time.”
• Systematic. “When faced with a problem, I like to break it down into smaller components and analyze each part separately. Then, I create a plan of action and evaluate the effectiveness of the plan as I go along.”

5. Tell me about a time when you made a mistake. How did you handle it, and what did you learn from the experience?

When asking the candidate this question, you are looking for an honest, self-critical answer. The candidate should also be able to explain how making this mistake led them to become better at their job. Their answer to this question will serve as an indication of how they deal with challenging situations. 

A systematic problem solver might approach this question by analyzing their mistake and coming up with a detailed plan to prevent it from happening again in the future, while an intuitive problem solver might reflect more on how they felt about the mistake and what they learned from the experience.

6. Describe a situation where you used a creative approach to overcome a problem.

Of course, when hiring new people, we want to hire those who take the most innovative and creative approaches to solving problems, as well as implementing these ideas in reality. In this case, you should be looking for an answer in which the candidate is focusing on explaining the creative approach they took, rather than the problem they were trying to solve. After all, you are looking for someone who can solve problems in a creative way rather than someone who can describe the problem.

An intuitive problem solver might excel in this question by describing a creative solution they came up with on the spot, while a systematic problem solver might struggle more with this question if they prefer to rely on logical and analytical approaches.

• Intuitive. “There was a time when we were running out of storage space at work, so I came up with the idea to repurpose some unused areas of the office as storage. It was a bit unconventional, but it worked.”
• Systematic. “When faced with a problem, I like to think outside the box and consider all possible options. I once used a design thinking approach to come up with a creative solution to a complex issue.”

7. Can you give an example of a time when you saw a potential problem as an opportunity? What did you do, and is there anything you would have done differently?

When answering the question, an intuitive problem solver might be better at recognizing potential opportunities in a problem, while a systematic problem solver might be more likely to focus on identifying and mitigating risks.

8. Imagine you’re in a stressful situation at work and you need to come up with a solution quickly. What would you do?

When asking this question to a candidate, you should be on the lookout for an answer that includes all of the following: an example story, placing their focus on how they handled the stressful situation. Basically – focusing more on actions rather than feelings, and highlighting what skills allowed them to deal with the situation successfully. 

Candidates’ answers to this question will allow you to determine whether they are better and more inclined to think on their feet and come up with quick solutions (more intuitive). Or in contrast, more comfortable dealing with stressful situations if there are a set of guidelines or procedures to follow (more systematic).

• Intuitive. “In a stressful situation, I like to take a deep breath and then start brainstorming possible solutions. I find that staying calm and thinking creatively helps me come up with the best solution quickly.”
• Systematic. “When faced with a high-pressure situation, I like to rely on the processes and systems that I have in place. I also prioritize the most important tasks and delegate when possible to ensure that everything gets done efficiently.”

9. Are you someone who prefers to solve problems very quickly, or very carefully and slowly?

This question can give insights into whether the candidate is more of an intuitive or systematic problem solver, with intuitive problem solvers often preferring to act quickly and systematically preferring to take a more measured approach.

10. Tell me about a situation where you were faced with multiple problems. How did you choose which problem to prioritize?

This question has everything to do with how the candidate works under pressure. As well as the extent to which they are capable of prioritizing. When faced with multiple problems, the individual should be able to prioritize between tasks that are of high importance and those that are not as urgent. 

When answering this question, the candidate should be able to walk you through their prioritization process and rationally argue their choices. While also placing focus on explaining their planning strategies to ensure that no problem is left unsolved.

A systematic problem solver might approach this question by analyzing each problem and weighing the potential impact of each one before making a decision, while an intuitive problem solver might rely more on their instincts and prioritize the problem that seems most urgent.

• Intuitive. “When faced with multiple problems, I prioritize the ones that have the most immediate impact or are the most pressing. I also try to tackle the problems that I feel most confident in solving first.”
• Systematic. “I like to use a decision matrix to evaluate and prioritize multiple problems. I analyze each problem based on factors such as urgency, impact, and feasibility, and then choose the one that has the highest priority.”

11. How do you know when to solve a problem by yourself? And when to ask for help from someone else?

An intuitive problem solver might be more likely to trust their instincts and try to solve the problem on their own, while a systematic problem solver might be more willing to ask for help if they feel that the problem is outside of their area of expertise.

What you should be looking for in the answer to this question is someone’s ability to be able to gauge in which situations they should most definitely ask for help. And in contrast, in which situations it’s not really necessary. This way you will be able to tell whether this person is capable of solving a problem independently or is always asking for help even when it comes to the little things.

12. What do you do in a situation when you cannot seem to find the right solution to a problem?

An intuitive problem solver might be more likely to experiment with different solutions and try to think outside the box, while a systematic problem solver might be more likely to analyze the problem in greater detail and break it down into smaller components to identify potential solutions.

• Intuitive. “When I’m stuck on a problem, I like to step away from it for a bit and come back to it with fresh eyes. I also try to approach the problem from different angles and see if I can find a new perspective.”
• Systematic. “If I can’t find the right solution to a problem, I’ll go back to the data and information I have collected to see if there’s anything I missed. I’ll also consult with colleagues or experts in the field to get their input and ideas.”

13. How would you react when your manager tells you to think more before taking action? 

Lastly, save the best for last – a question that will show to you how the candidate deals with feedback provided about the process of solving a problem and the solution itself.

A systematic problem solver might take this feedback as an opportunity to slow down and approach problems more carefully, while an intuitive problem solver might perceive this as a constraint.

In summary, the answers to these questions can provide insights into a candidate’s problem-solving style. While there isn’t necessarily a “right” or “wrong” style, understanding how a candidate approaches problem-solving can help employers identify individuals who are well-suited for different roles and environments.

Interviews are often perceived as the ultimate gateway to finding the perfect candidate, however, in reality, it’s littered with many pitfalls:

• Interviewer bias. The interview process is where our unconscious biases tend to cloud our judgement of a candidate the most.
• Interviews are often inconsistent. Using solely interview questions to assess problem-solving skills allows for no standardized way of presenting results as each candidate you interview will give a different answer to your question and it will become gradually more difficult to compare candidates with each other.
• Interview answers are easily manipulable. Candidates can prepare their answers to these questions, thus leading to unreliable assessment from your side on whether they have the problem-solving skills you are looking for.
• Extremely time-consuming & costly. You’ll probably end up interviewing more people than you should. Just imagine all the time spent interviewing, talking, asking questions, taking notes of the candidate’s answers, and then later on comparing them.

Read more about the 6 downsides assessing candidates problem-solving abilities solely through interviews.

What interview structure allows to best assess candidates problem-solving skills?

According to research , a structured interview is more reliable, valid, and less discriminatory than an unstructured interview. When you structure your interview process, the assessment of personality becomes a designed process. Every question should be carefully chosen to assess the candidate’s skills and knowledge.

Guide: How to set up a structured interview process

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Top 20 Problem Solving Interview Questions & Answers

Master your responses to Problem Solving related interview questions with our example questions and answers. Boost your chances of landing the job by learning how to effectively communicate your Problem Solving capabilities.

Problem-solving is an invaluable skill that transcends industries and job titles. It’s the engine that drives innovation, facilitates adaptability, and enables individuals to navigate complex challenges in their professional and personal lives. Whether you’re stepping into a role that requires analytical thinking on a daily basis or simply looking to enhance your problem-solving prowess, mastering this skill can set you apart in today’s competitive landscape.

This article delves into the art of effective problem solving, offering insight into some of the most common questions interviewers pose to uncover a candidate’s problem-solving abilities. We’ll provide strategies for demonstrating your critical thinking skills and preparing responses that highlight your proficiency at tackling obstacles head-on.

Common Problem Solving Interview Questions

1. how would you approach a situation where the standard solution to a problem is no longer effective.

Innovative thinking and adaptability are key when problem-solving in dynamic environments, as standard solutions may not always be applicable due to changes in technology, market conditions, or other external factors. This question also reveals how a candidate perceives and responds to failure, their resourcefulness, and their commitment to continuous improvement.

When responding to this question, start by acknowledging the importance of understanding why the standard solution is no longer effective. Discuss your process for analyzing the problem, which might include gathering data, consulting with experts, or reviewing feedback. Then, highlight your ability to generate alternative solutions, perhaps by brainstorming or employing creative thinking techniques. Emphasize your willingness to test new ideas, learn from the outcomes, and refine your approach based on the results. It’s also beneficial to mention any relevant past experiences where you successfully navigated a similar challenge.

Example: “ In approaching a situation where the standard solution fails, my initial step is to conduct a thorough analysis to understand the underlying reasons for its ineffectiveness. This involves a critical evaluation of the problem, examining new variables or changes in the environment that may have rendered the traditional approach obsolete. I prioritize data-driven insights and may leverage advanced analytics to discern patterns or anomalies.

Once the root cause is identified, I innovate alternative strategies, drawing on a combination of lateral thinking and industry best practices. This creative process is iterative and collaborative, often involving input from cross-functional teams to ensure a comprehensive perspective. I then pilot these solutions on a small scale to assess their efficacy, rigorously monitoring key performance indicators and being prepared to adapt swiftly. My focus is on developing a resilient and scalable solution, learning from each iteration to refine the approach until the desired outcome is achieved. This methodology has proven successful in past challenges, leading to sustainable improvements and enhanced problem-solving frameworks.”

2. Describe your process for identifying the root cause of complex issues.

Identifying the root cause of complex issues is crucial, ensuring a targeted and effective solution rather than a temporary fix. This question delves into the analytical and systematic thinking abilities of the candidate, revealing their approach to problem-solving. It also demonstrates how the candidate prioritizes tasks, manages resources, and applies critical thinking skills to navigate through layers of information and potential distractions to pinpoint the underlying problem.

To respond effectively, outline a clear, step-by-step approach that you use to diagnose issues. Begin with gathering all relevant information, followed by breaking down the problem into smaller, manageable parts. Describe how you analyze patterns or discrepancies, perhaps using specific methodologies like the “5 Whys” or fishbone diagrams. Mention any collaborative efforts, such as brainstorming with a team or consulting with experts, and highlight the importance of testing hypotheses to confirm the root cause before moving on to developing solutions.

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3. What steps do you take when you have to solve a problem under tight deadlines?

The ability to manage stress and think critically under tight deadlines is a valuable skill in nearly every job. This question seeks to understand how a candidate prioritizes and maintains a clear head, systematically approaching the problem, and utilizing time management skills to deliver solutions without sacrificing quality or accuracy.

When responding, outline a clear, concise strategy that you follow. Start by quickly assessing the situation to understand the problem’s nature and its urgency. Then, prioritize the tasks that need immediate attention while considering the resources at hand. Explain how you would break down the problem into manageable parts, set achievable milestones, and if necessary, delegate tasks to ensure efficiency. Mention any tools or techniques you use to stay organized, such as time-blocking or the Eisenhower Matrix. Be sure to include an example from your past experience where you successfully implemented this approach to solve a problem under a tight deadline, highlighting the positive outcome that resulted from your methodical process.

Example: “ When faced with a problem under a tight deadline, my initial step is to quickly evaluate the scope and impact of the issue to prioritize effectively. I then break down the problem into smaller, more manageable tasks, setting clear, achievable milestones. Utilizing tools like the Eisenhower Matrix helps me to distinguish between tasks that are urgent and important, ensuring that I focus on those that will have the most significant impact on resolving the problem.

For instance, in a past situation with a critical system outage that needed to be resolved within hours, I swiftly gathered the necessary stakeholders and identified the root cause. By dividing the recovery process into immediate actions, such as system stabilization, and subsequent steps, including a thorough post-mortem, we were able to restore functionality within the deadline. This methodical approach not only resolved the issue promptly but also helped prevent future occurrences, demonstrating the effectiveness of a structured problem-solving strategy under pressure.”

4. Can you give an example of a time when you had to think outside the box to resolve a challenge?

Creativity often becomes a necessity when conventional methods fall short in problem-solving scenarios. This question assesses a candidate’s ability to demonstrate adaptability and innovative thinking, particularly when faced with unique or persistent issues. A candidate’s ability to think outside the box is indicative of their potential to add value to the company by overcoming obstacles in unconventional ways that may save time, resources, or create new opportunities for growth and development.

When responding, select a specific instance that showcases your resourcefulness and originality. Clearly articulate the problem, the range of solutions considered, and the rationale behind the chosen course of action. Emphasize the positive outcome or learning experience derived from it. This narrative should highlight your analytical skills, creativity, and willingness to take calculated risks when necessary.

Example: “ Certainly. On one occasion, I was faced with a challenge where the conventional solutions were either too costly or time-consuming, which could have led to missing critical deadlines. The issue was a bottleneck in data processing that required a faster, more efficient method than the existing workflow. After analyzing the process, I realized that by repurposing an existing tool from a different project and integrating it with a custom script I developed, we could automate a significant portion of the task.

This unconventional approach was not immediately obvious because it required combining tools in a way they were not originally intended to be used. However, by focusing on the end goal rather than the traditional usage of the tools, I was able to create a solution that not only resolved the bottleneck but also improved the overall efficiency of the workflow. The result was a 40% reduction in processing time, which allowed us to meet our project deadlines with a solution that was also more cost-effective than the alternatives. This experience reinforced the value of creative thinking and the importance of looking at problems from multiple perspectives to find the most effective solution.”

5. In what ways do you prioritize problems when multiple issues arise simultaneously?

Discerning which issues demand immediate attention and which can be deferred is a critical aspect of effective problem solving. This skill ensures that resources are allocated efficiently and critical situations are handled promptly. This question sheds light on a candidate’s ability to analyze the severity and impact of various problems, manage stress under pressure, and make judicious decisions that align with the organization’s objectives.

When responding, candidates should demonstrate a systematic approach to prioritization, such as using the Eisenhower Matrix (urgent-important matrix) or MoSCoW method (Must have, Should have, Could have, Won’t have), to evaluate and tackle problems. They should also cite examples from past experiences where they successfully managed concurrent issues, explaining the rationale behind their prioritization and the outcomes of their actions. It’s important to convey adaptability and a willingness to reassess situations as they evolve, ensuring that priorities are always aligned with the most current information and organizational goals.

Example: “ When faced with multiple issues simultaneously, I employ a strategic approach to prioritization, often leveraging the Eisenhower Matrix to categorize problems based on urgency and importance. For instance, I address urgent and important issues first, as these typically have immediate consequences and high impact on key objectives. Next, I tackle important but not urgent tasks, which are critical for long-term success but don’t require immediate action. This ensures that pressing matters are resolved promptly while still advancing strategic goals.

In one scenario, I was confronted with a critical system outage (urgent and important) alongside a request for a new feature implementation (important but not urgent). I immediately mobilized the team to resolve the outage, as it affected our core service delivery. Concurrently, I planned for the feature implementation by scheduling it for the next sprint, ensuring that resources were allocated effectively without compromising ongoing operations. This dual-focus approach not only restored service swiftly but also maintained progress on product enhancements, demonstrating adaptability and a keen understanding of the dynamic nature of problem-solving.”

6. Share an experience where you successfully applied a theoretical concept to a practical problem.

Bridging the gap between abstract ideas and real-world applications is the essence of applying theoretical concepts to practical problems. This translation from theory to practice demonstrates an individual’s ability to understand underlying principles and adapt them to meet specific challenges. It’s a testament to one’s analytical thinking, creativity, and pragmatism.

When responding, outline a specific situation where a theoretical concept was the key to resolving a practical issue. Detail the thought process behind choosing the appropriate theory, how you adapted it to the situation, and the steps taken to apply it. Conclude with the outcome, emphasizing the positive impact and what you learned from the experience. This approach will demonstrate your critical thinking skills, resourcefulness, and ability to deliver practical solutions underpinned by solid theoretical knowledge.

Example: “ In a project where we faced significant time constraints and resource limitations, I applied the Pareto Principle, or the 80/20 rule, to prioritize our efforts. Recognizing that 80% of effects often come from 20% of causes, I conducted an analysis to identify which aspects of the project would yield the highest value. This involved categorizing tasks based on impact and effort, and then focusing our resources on the critical 20% that would drive the most significant results.

By doing so, we were able to streamline our workflow, eliminate inefficiencies, and allocate our limited resources to the areas that would have the most substantial impact on the project’s success. The outcome was a timely completion of the project with a high-quality deliverable that exceeded stakeholder expectations. This experience reinforced the importance of strategic prioritization in problem-solving and has since become a staple in my approach to tackling complex challenges.”

7. What techniques do you use to ensure all potential solutions are considered before making a decision?

A comprehensive approach to problem-solving that goes beyond quick fixes is essential, requiring a methodical evaluation of various solutions. This reveals a candidate’s capacity to be thorough, consider the wider implications of their choices, and their propensity for innovation and creativity in problem-solving. It also provides a window into their ability to prioritize and manage risks, ensuring that decisions are made with a balance of speed and caution.

When responding to this question, outline a structured approach such as the following: First, define the problem clearly. Next, brainstorm possible solutions and use tools like lists, mind maps, or decision matrices to organize and compare them. Then, conduct a risk-benefit analysis for each viable option, considering both short-term and long-term consequences. Consult with relevant stakeholders when necessary to gain diverse perspectives and expertise. Finally, after careful consideration, select the most effective solution while remaining open to revisiting and adjusting the decision as new information or feedback becomes available.

Example: “ To ensure all potential solutions are considered, I employ a systematic approach that begins with a clear definition of the problem. This sets the stage for a comprehensive brainstorming session where I generate a wide array of possible solutions. I then utilize decision-making tools such as decision matrices to organize and prioritize these options, taking into account various criteria relevant to the problem at hand.

Following this, I perform a risk-benefit analysis on each of the shortlisted solutions, weighing their potential impacts in both the short and long term. This is complemented by consulting with stakeholders to incorporate diverse perspectives and expertise, which often reveals considerations that might otherwise be overlooked. The final step involves selecting the most effective solution, while maintaining flexibility to adapt the decision based on evolving circumstances or new insights. This structured yet adaptable approach ensures a thorough evaluation of all options and leads to informed, strategic decision-making.”

8. Detail how you’ve handled a scenario where team members disagreed on the solution to a problem.

Navigating team disagreements can reflect deeper dynamics such as power struggles, communication breakdowns, or diverse perspectives. This question helps understand how a candidate resolves conflicts and builds consensus. The approach taken in such situations reveals the candidate’s leadership qualities, emotional intelligence, and capacity for fostering a collaborative environment.

When responding to this question, outline a specific past experience, emphasizing the steps you took to mediate the disagreement. Begin by explaining how you listened to all parties involved to understand their perspectives. Then, discuss how you evaluated the differing opinions, possibly suggesting a compromise or guiding the team to a data-driven decision. Highlight your communication skills by detailing how you kept the dialogue constructive and focused on the problem, not the individuals. Finally, reflect on the outcome and what you learned from the experience, demonstrating your growth and ability to handle similar challenges in the future.

Example: “ In a previous scenario where team members had conflicting views on a solution, I initiated a structured discussion to ensure each viewpoint was thoroughly understood. I facilitated a session where each member presented their approach, highlighting the pros and cons, and then we collectively analyzed the potential outcomes through a SWOT analysis. This method allowed us to visualize the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with each option.

After synthesizing the information, I steered the team towards a consensus by focusing on our shared objectives and the data at hand. We agreed to integrate the most compelling elements of each proposed solution, creating a hybrid approach that maximized our strengths while mitigating risks. This collaborative effort not only resolved the disagreement but also fostered a sense of ownership and unity within the team. The outcome was a well-rounded solution that outperformed our initial expectations, and the process reinforced my belief in leveraging diverse perspectives to achieve superior problem-solving.”

9. When faced with a problem, how do you assess the risks associated with each potential solution?

A careful evaluation of potential risks is a crucial component of problem-solving, ensuring the chosen solution doesn’t create additional problems or escalate the situation. This question determines if a candidate has a systematic approach to decision-making that includes risk assessment, which is crucial for minimizing negative outcomes and safeguarding company interests.

When responding, it’s essential to convey that you have a structured method for tackling problems. You might mention specific techniques like SWOT analysis (assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) or decision matrices that help you weigh the pros and cons of each option. Share a relevant example where you successfully navigated a complex problem by analyzing the risks and benefits before implementing a solution. Highlight your ability to stay objective, the tools or criteria you use to predict potential issues, and how you balance risk with reward to make informed decisions.

Example: “ When faced with a problem, I employ a methodical approach to assess the risks associated with each potential solution. I start by identifying the core issue and then brainstorm possible solutions. For each solution, I conduct a SWOT analysis to evaluate its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This not only helps in understanding the inherent risks but also in recognizing the potential benefits and strategic advantages.

To illustrate, in a recent complex project, I was confronted with a critical decision that had significant time constraints. I utilized a decision matrix to quantify the risks and benefits, assigning weights to factors such as cost, time, resource allocation, and potential for scalability. This allowed me to objectively compare the options based on predefined criteria. The chosen solution balanced risk with reward effectively, leading to a successful outcome. My approach ensures that decisions are not solely based on intuition but are backed by a rigorous analysis of the potential impacts.”

10. Have you ever encountered a problem where the data was ambiguous or conflicting? How did you proceed?

Dealing with ambiguity and conflicting data requires a balance of analytical skills and intuition. This question assesses a candidate’s ability to dissect complex information, weigh evidence, and make informed decisions even when the path is not clear-cut. It also provides a window into the candidate’s process for validating data and their approach to risk assessment.

When responding to this question, structure your answer to first describe the context and nature of the problem, emphasizing the ambiguity or conflict in the data. Follow with the steps you took to address the issue, which might include verifying the data sources, seeking additional information, consulting with colleagues, or employing statistical methods to discern trends and patterns. Conclude with the outcome, focusing on the decision made and the rationale behind it, as well as the lessons learned from the experience. This response should showcase your systematic approach to problem-solving and your ability to remain composed and solution-oriented when faced with uncertainty.

Example: “ Yes, I have encountered situations where data was ambiguous or conflicting. In one instance, the data sets from two different sources regarding customer behavior were contradictory. The first step was to conduct a thorough data validation process to ensure accuracy and integrity in the data collection methods. After confirming that both sources were reliable but still presented conflicting information, I proceeded to perform a deeper dive into the data.

I used statistical analysis to identify patterns and outliers, and I cross-referenced the results with qualitative insights from customer feedback. This triangulation approach allowed me to unravel the inconsistencies and understand the context behind the data. By combining multiple methods, I was able to isolate the variables causing the discrepancy and develop a more nuanced understanding of the customer behavior in question.

The outcome was a comprehensive report that reconciled the conflicting data and provided actionable insights. The process highlighted the importance of not taking data at face value and the value of a multifaceted approach to problem-solving in the face of ambiguity. It reinforced the lesson that rigorous analysis and a willingness to delve into the details are crucial when navigating complex data challenges.”

11. Tell us about a time you had to solve a problem without precedent or guidelines.

Navigating uncharted waters with confidence and creativity is a hallmark of effective problem solvers. This question seeks to understand if a candidate can think independently and innovate when there’s no roadmap to follow. It’s about the ability to remain calm under pressure, use one’s initiative, and demonstrate resourcefulness in the face of the unknown.

When responding, outline a specific situation where you faced an unprecedented challenge. Describe the steps you took to understand the problem, how you gathered information or resources despite the lack of guidelines, the thought process behind your solution, and the outcome. Emphasize your thought process and the soft skills you utilized, such as creativity, critical thinking, and perseverance. Showcasing your ability to learn from the experience and apply those lessons to future challenges will also strengthen your answer.

Example: “ In a project where we were tasked to optimize a complex system, we encountered an erratic behavior that was not documented nor previously observed. With no guidelines to address this issue, I initiated a methodical approach to understand the underlying factors contributing to the anomaly. I started by isolating the variables and conducting a series of controlled experiments to replicate the problem. Through this process, I utilized critical thinking to hypothesize potential causes and systematically tested each one.

Upon discovering that the issue was linked to an obscure interaction between two independent modules, I devised a novel solution that involved reengineering a component of the system to mitigate the interference. This solution not only resolved the immediate problem but also improved the overall robustness of the system. The success of this approach was evident in the enhanced performance metrics and the prevention of similar issues in the future. This experience honed my problem-solving skills and reinforced the importance of a structured and analytical approach when tackling unprecedented challenges.”

12. Illustrate your method for keeping stakeholders informed throughout the problem-solving process.

Keeping stakeholders informed is a critical communication skill for problem solvers. It’s a delicate balance of providing enough detail to maintain transparency and not overwhelming them with technical jargon or inconsequential updates. This ensures that the outcome aligns with their expectations and needs.

When responding to this question, outline a clear, structured approach that demonstrates your ability to assess who needs to be informed, how often they should receive updates, and what level of detail is appropriate. Emphasize your understanding of different communication methods and how to tailor your approach to different stakeholders. Provide examples from past experiences where your communication strategy led to successful problem resolution and positive stakeholder relationships. Show that you can differentiate between various stakeholder needs and adjust your communication style accordingly.

Example: “ In approaching stakeholder communication during the problem-solving process, I adhere to a structured communication plan that aligns with the project’s complexity and stakeholders’ interests. Initially, I identify key stakeholders and their information needs, determining the frequency and depth of updates required. For instance, technical stakeholders often require detailed progress insights, while business stakeholders might prioritize impact and timelines.

I employ a mix of communication methods, such as regular status reports, dashboards for real-time updates, and scheduled meetings for in-depth discussions. In a recent complex project, I established a weekly email digest for broad updates, complemented by bi-weekly meetings with the core team for tactical problem-solving. For urgent issues, I used direct communication channels to keep relevant stakeholders informed and involved in decision-making. This approach ensured transparency, built trust, and facilitated a collaborative environment, ultimately contributing to the successful resolution of the problem at hand.”

13. Describe a situation where you had to adapt your problem-solving strategy due to changing circumstances.

Flexibility in thinking and action is required when adaptability is necessary, and initial plans don’t pan out due to unforeseen obstacles or new information. This question delves into a candidate’s ability to pivot and continue working towards a solution without becoming derailed by change.

When responding, focus on a specific example that showcases your agility in problem-solving. Outline the original issue, the initial strategy you employed, and how the changing circumstances influenced your approach. Detail the steps you took to adjust your plan and the outcome of your efforts. Emphasize your thought process and the reasoning behind your decisions, including how you balanced persistence with flexibility. Highlight any lessons learned and how the experience has equipped you to handle similar situations in the future.

Example: “ In a project where the goal was to optimize a manufacturing process, the initial data analysis suggested that adjusting machine parameters would yield the desired efficiency gains. However, after implementing the adjustments, unforeseen fluctuations in material quality began to affect the production line’s consistency. Recognizing the dynamic nature of the problem, I shifted the focus from machine settings to supply chain management.

I conducted a rapid root cause analysis that identified the variability in material quality as the primary issue. Collaborating with suppliers, I developed a quality assurance protocol and integrated it with the procurement process. This adaptation not only stabilized the production but also improved the overall product quality. The outcome was a more robust and resilient system that could adapt to variations in input materials, leading to sustained improvements in efficiency and a reduction in waste.

The experience underscored the importance of monitoring all variables in a system, not just the most apparent ones, and reinforced the value of a flexible, holistic approach to problem-solving. It also highlighted the necessity of continuous communication with stakeholders to ensure that solutions are comprehensive and aligned with broader organizational goals.”

14. How do you balance intuition and analysis when tackling a new problem?

Navigating the balance between trusting one’s gut and relying on data-driven analysis is a key aspect of problem-solving. This question digs into the candidate’s problem-solving methodology and their ability to integrate different approaches to arrive at the best solution.

When responding to this question, first acknowledge the importance of both intuition and analysis. Give a specific example of a problem you faced and describe how you used data to inform your understanding of the issue. Then, explain how you supplemented this with your intuition, perhaps drawing on past experiences or hypothetical outcomes, to make your final decision. Emphasize your flexibility in shifting between these two modes of thinking and your ability to use them in tandem to solve problems effectively.

Example: “ Balancing intuition and analysis is crucial for effective problem-solving. In one instance, I was confronted with a complex issue where initial data was scarce. I began with a thorough analysis of the available information, using statistical tools to identify patterns and potential causes. This analytical approach provided a solid foundation, but the data alone was inconclusive.

At this juncture, I leveraged my intuition, which was honed through years of experience in similar scenarios. I hypothesized several plausible solutions that fit the emerging data profile. My intuition served as a guide, suggesting which avenues were most promising for further investigation. I then conducted targeted analyses to test these hypotheses, which ultimately led to identifying the root cause and implementing a successful solution. This process exemplified how intuition can provide direction when data is incomplete or ambiguous, while analysis helps validate or refute the intuitive insights, ensuring a robust and informed decision-making process.”

15. What’s your approach to ensuring that a solved problem doesn’t recur?

Implementing preventative measures and ensuring long-term success are part of effective problem-solving. This question delves into a candidate’s foresight and dedication to continuous improvement. Effective problem solvers know that addressing the root cause and learning from issues is essential to prevent recurrence.

When responding, outline a structured method that includes analyzing the problem thoroughly, implementing a solution, monitoring the results, and adjusting as necessary. Emphasize the importance of documentation, sharing knowledge with the team, and creating standard operating procedures if applicable. Highlight any past experiences where you successfully employed such strategies to not only solve a problem but also to ensure it did not happen again.

Example: “ My approach to preventing the recurrence of a solved problem begins with a root cause analysis to understand the underlying issues fully. Once the solution is implemented, I establish metrics and monitoring systems to track the effectiveness of the corrective actions. This continuous monitoring allows for the early detection of any signs that the problem may resurface, enabling proactive adjustments.

I also prioritize the documentation of the problem-solving process, including the rationale behind chosen solutions and the steps taken to implement them. This documentation serves as a reference for future incidents and is integrated into training materials to educate the team. By doing so, the knowledge becomes part of the team’s collective expertise. Furthermore, when applicable, I develop standard operating procedures to formalize the new practices that prevent the problem’s recurrence. This holistic strategy ensures sustainability and improves the overall resilience of the systems or processes involved.”

16. Can you recall a problem you solved that had significant positive impact on your previous organization?

In positions that directly affect the operational efficiency, strategic direction, and financial success of an organization, problem-solving is especially critical. This question sifts through a candidate’s experience to find instances where their actions led to measurable improvements.

When responding to this question, focus on a specific challenge you faced, articulate the steps you took to address it, and quantify the outcomes where possible. Start by setting the scene to give context to the problem, then describe your thought process and the actions you implemented. Conclude with the results, emphasizing any positive changes that ensued, such as cost savings, increased revenue, improved customer satisfaction, or enhanced productivity. This approach showcases your problem-solving skills and your value as a results-oriented professional.

Example: “ Certainly. In a previous project, I identified a recurring bottleneck in the product development process, which was causing significant delays in product launches. The root of the issue was a lack of integration between the design and prototyping phases, leading to repeated cycles of revisions and approvals that were not time-efficient.

To address this, I initiated a cross-functional workshop with stakeholders from design, engineering, and production teams to collaboratively develop a more streamlined process. We implemented a concurrent engineering approach, allowing for design and prototyping stages to overlap and for real-time feedback. This adjustment led to a 30% reduction in time-to-market for new products and a subsequent increase in competitive advantage and customer satisfaction. The improved process also resulted in a cost saving of approximately 15% per project due to reduced waste and more efficient use of resources.”

17. How do you maintain objectivity in problem-solving when facing personal biases?

Managing personal biases is a vital skill in problem-solving because biases can cloud judgment and lead to less effective or unfair solutions. The question tests the candidate’s commitment to fairness and ability to separate personal feelings from professional responsibilities.

To respond, one should highlight their awareness of inherent biases and discuss specific strategies they employ to mitigate their impact. This could include seeking diverse perspectives, relying on established processes, using data to inform decisions, and regularly reflecting on and challenging one’s own assumptions. Sharing a concrete example where you successfully overcame a personal bias to solve a problem can demonstrate your ability to maintain objectivity in practice.

Example: “ In maintaining objectivity during problem-solving, I first acknowledge the inevitability of personal biases. To counteract this, I systematically integrate checks and balances into my decision-making process. This involves actively seeking out diverse perspectives to challenge my initial assumptions and ensure that a range of viewpoints is considered. I also place a strong emphasis on evidence-based decision-making, where data and facts form the backbone of the solution, rather than subjective opinions.

On one occasion, I recognized a cognitive bias towards a familiar technology that I was inclined to favor for a project. To maintain objectivity, I conducted a blind evaluation of multiple technologies, focusing solely on performance metrics and compatibility with project requirements. This approach led to the selection of a more efficient and cost-effective technology that I had not previously considered, ultimately benefiting the project outcome. Regular self-reflection and a commitment to continuous improvement in my problem-solving approach help me to minimize the influence of personal biases and make more balanced and impartial decisions.”

18. Give an example of how you measure the success of a solution post-implementation.

Evaluating the impact and effectiveness of a solution to ensure it meets the desired objectives is a crucial part of problem-solving. This question tests your commitment to continuous improvement and your understanding that a solution’s value is ultimately determined by its real-world performance.

When responding, describe a specific situation where you implemented a solution to a problem. Detail the metrics or KPIs you established to evaluate its success and how you collected and analyzed the data. Share the outcome of the evaluation and, if necessary, any additional steps you took to refine the solution. This demonstrates your analytical skills, your ability to follow through, and your commitment to achieving the best possible outcomes.

Example: “ In addressing a recent operational inefficiency, I developed a solution that streamlined the process flow. To measure the success post-implementation, I established clear, quantifiable KPIs that were directly influenced by the solution. These included throughput rate, error rate, and time to completion. I utilized a combination of data analytics tools and user feedback to collect relevant data, ensuring a robust evaluation from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective.

Upon analyzing the data, I observed a 25% increase in throughput rate and a 40% reduction in error rate, while time to completion decreased by 15%. These metrics surpassed our initial success criteria, indicating a significant positive impact. However, user feedback revealed some minor usability issues, which I promptly addressed through iterative refinements. This not only optimized the solution further but also demonstrated my commitment to continuous improvement and stakeholder satisfaction.”

19. In what way do you leverage technology to enhance your problem-solving capabilities?

Harnessing the power of technology to analyze data, automate processes, and visualize solutions is often required in modern problem-solving. This question serves to assess a candidate’s familiarity with relevant software, platforms, and methodologies that can contribute to more efficient and effective problem-solving strategies.

When responding to this question, it’s important to highlight specific technologies you’ve used to tackle challenges. Discuss how you’ve utilized software for data analysis, project management tools to track progress, or collaboration platforms to brainstorm solutions with a team. Share a concrete example that demonstrates your ability to integrate technology into your problem-solving process, and explain how it led to a successful outcome. This shows that you are resourceful and forward-thinking in your approach to overcoming obstacles.

Example: “ To enhance my problem-solving capabilities, I leverage technology by employing advanced data analytics tools that allow for a deeper dive into the root causes of complex issues. For instance, I’ve utilized machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and predict potential problems before they escalate, enabling proactive rather than reactive solutions. This integration of predictive analytics has not only streamlined the problem-solving process but also significantly improved decision-making accuracy.

In addition, I harness the power of collaborative platforms to facilitate brainstorming and idea-sharing among diverse teams. By using these tools, I’ve successfully orchestrated virtual workshops that brought together cross-functional expertise, leading to innovative solutions that might not have emerged in a traditional meeting setting. This approach, underpinned by technology, has repeatedly proven to be instrumental in breaking down silos, fostering a culture of collaboration, and driving successful outcomes in complex problem-solving scenarios.”

20. Describe a scenario where you utilized cross-functional collaboration to address a complex issue.

Cross-functional collaboration exemplifies a candidate’s ability to understand the multifaceted nature of complex issues and their capability to harness diverse expertise to forge solutions. This approach not only leads to more innovative outcomes but also exemplifies leadership qualities and adaptability.

When responding to this question, candidates should select a scenario that highlights their role in facilitating and encouraging teamwork across different business areas. They should articulate the challenge clearly, detail the collaborative process, and explain how they engaged with others to leverage their unique skills. It’s important to emphasize the outcome of the collaboration and reflect on what was learned from the experience.

Example: “ In a scenario where our product launch was jeopardized by unforeseen supply chain disruptions, I spearheaded a cross-functional task force to mitigate the risks. This involved engaging with procurement, logistics, marketing, and product development teams. By fostering an environment of open communication and shared goals, we collectively identified alternative suppliers and adjusted our production timelines.

I facilitated brainstorming sessions that leveraged the procurement team’s expertise in vendor management, logistics’ insights into transportation challenges, and product development’s flexibility in adjusting specifications. The marketing team, meanwhile, crafted communication strategies to manage customer expectations. This synergy not only resolved the immediate crisis but also resulted in a more resilient supply chain strategy. The product launched with minimal delay, and the experience underscored the value of cross-departmental agility and proactive planning.”

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Problem-Solving Interview Questions & Answers

• Updated July 13, 2023
• Published March 9, 2020

A job interview is a great moment for interviewers to evaluate how candidates approach challenging work situations . They do this by asking problem-solving questions. These types of questions are commonly asked during interviews since problem-solving skills are essential in most jobs. In any workplace, there are challenges, and when hiring new personnel, hiring managers look for candidates who are equipped to deal with this.

Problem-solving questions are so-called behavioral interview questions . Behavioral interview questions are strategic type of questions that require you to provide an answer that includes an example situation that you experienced in your career. These questions focus on specific work situations that you experienced and how you responded.

A basic example of a behavior question about problem-solving is ‘ tell me about a time you solved a problem at work .’ As you can see, the interviewer is looking for you to explain a situation and how you approach it, and how you solved it. Furthermore, the interviewer is interested in what you learned from that experience. Answering behavioral questions requires some work because you need to provide the interviewer with a strong answer to convince them that you’re the right person for the job.

The rationale behind asking problem-solving questions is to discover how you approach complex and challenging situations and if you can provide an effective solution. Interview questions about your past behavior might sound challenging, but they are actually a great opportunity for you to show that you’re a fit for the position. With the right preparation, you can use your answers to problem-solving questions to your advantage.

What Are Problem-solving Interview Questions?

Basically, problem-solving skills relate to your ability to identify problems, issues, obstacles, challenges, and opportunities and then come up with and implement effective and efficient solutions. However, this is a broad definition of problem-solving abilities. Depending on the position and field you’re applying for a position in the interviewer can focus on different aspects of problem-solving.

Examples of problem-solving competencies are:

Taking initiative.

Taking initiative means that you step up to the plate when needed and that you take action without being asked to do so. People who take the initiative demonstrate that they can think for themselves and take action whenever necessary. Furthermore, you actively look for opportunities to make a difference in the workplace.

Creative thinking

Creative thinking means that you’re able to look at something in a new way to find a solution. People who are creative have the ability to come up with new ways to carry out their tasks, solve problems, and meet challenges. Creative people are original thinkers and are able to bring unorthodox perspectives to their work.

Resourcefulness

Resourcefulness is the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome challenges in your work. Furthermore, people who are resourceful are original in their ways of thinking to overcome challenges.

Analytical thinking skills

These skills refer to the ability to gather data, break down a complex problem, weigh pros and cons, and make logical decisions. People who possess analytical thinking skills help the company overcome challenges and are able to spot potential issues before they become actual problems.

Determination

Determination can be described as the firmness of purpose or resoluteness. Specifically, people who are determined are persistent and do not give up easily or when they have a setback. Determination gives these people the motivation to push through and keep moving forward.

Results-oriented

People who are result-oriented have their full focus on getting to the desired outcome.

Problem-solving behavioral interview questions

As discussed in the introduction, problem-solving questions fall into the behavioral category of interview questions . These questions ask you to provide specific examples of past work experiences. For interviewers, understanding your past professional performance is the best way to gauge your future job performance.

Behavioral questions are focused on the desired skills or competency area, such as in this case, problem-solving. Other common competency areas for which behavioral questions are used are teamwork , communication , time management , creative thinking skills , leadership , adaptability , conflict resolution , etc.

Behavioral job interview questions usually start with the following:

• Give me an example of
• Tell me about a time when you
• What do you do when
• Describe a situation where

Examples of problem-solving behavioral interview questions:

• Give me an example of a time you had to solve a difficult problem at work.
• Tell me about a time when you identified and fixed a problem before it became urgent.
• What was the best idea you came up with at your last position?
• Describe a situation where you find a creative way to overcome an obstacle.

As you can see, the questions mentioned above require you to discuss your past behavior in a professional work environment. The reason for asking behavioral job interview questions instead of just asking traditional ones is that the most accurate predictor of future performance is your past performance in similar situations .

The interviewer wants to discuss previous work situations and wants you to elaborate on them to get to know you better. Solid interview preparation will help you give the answers that the interviewer is looking for. This starts with doing your research and thoroughly reviewing the job description . Doing so can help you understand what type of problem-solving skills are required to successfully perform the job you’re interviewing for.

By preparing example scenarios to questions you expect based on your research , you can give exactly the information that he or she is looking for. In other words, you need to relate your answers to the job requirements and company culture of the organization where you’re applying for a position.

To answer behavioral questions about your problem-solving skills, you need to ensure that you provide the interviewer with specific details about the situation you were in, your task in that situation, the action you took, and the specific results that came out of those actions. In short, this is called the STAR-method of providing an answer. The STAR method is discussed in more detail later on in this article.

Why Interviewers Ask Problem-solving Interview Questions

Problem-solving skills are required in most job positions. This means that a lot of hiring managers will try to assess your problem-solving skills during your interview. The main reason for asking you about situations in which you used your problem-solving skills is to get an understanding of how you work.

The interviewers want to get questions answered, such as:

• Are you results-oriented, and are you proactively involved in your work?
• Do you look for different ways to contribute?
• Are you an individual that others can count on to increase team performance?
• Are you a self-starter, or do you need someone to give you instructions?

Most likely, the interviewers look for a self-starting person with general problem-solving skills that can be used in different situations. A proven track record of solving problems such as those required in the position you’re interviewing for will definitely help convince the interviewer. Therefore, make sure you prepare answers to questions you expect in advance.

For example, someone who works as a customer service representative should be able to deal with a frustrated or angry customer . They need to be able to solve these problems and know how to handle such situations. Other examples of positions where problem-solving skills are essential are, for instance, accounts or project managers. They need to be flexible in their approaches and should be able to handle a change in deadlines. Another example is, for instance, a logistic manager who should be able to fix an inefficient logistics process.

The Interviewers’ Goal When Assessing Your Problem-solving Skills

There are several underlying reasons why interviewers use behavioral questions to assess your problem-solving skills. The main one, of course, is that they want to hire a person who’s able to perform the job.

Instead of hiring the person that they ‘like’ they need something better to figure out which candidate is the right fit for the job. By analyzing your behavior in past situations that are similar to the ones that are required in the role that you’re applying for, they try to do just that. Below we discuss a couple of important elements employers consider when making a hiring decision.

Costs of making a bad hiring decision

Employers want to make sure that they hire the right person for the job. For a company, making a bad hiring decision is not only about losing money, but it can also lead to a decrease in productivity and morale. Hiring a bad candidate could lead to leaving a bad impression on customers/clients, but also with coworkers.

Furthermore, time will be lost if the company needs to search for another candidate after a bad hire. Therefore, employers do everything to avoid such situations. Behavioral questions are regarded as a preventative way to make sure that the right person with the right fit for the company is hired .

Specific details of your behavior

By asking behavioral questions about your problem-solving skills, the interviewers try to uncover specific details of your behavior. They want to find out if you are able to clearly identify a problem and if you are able to come up with an efficient and effective solution when needed.

Of course, they got your resume already and maybe even a motivational letter or letter of recommendation . Still, the interviewer can only assess your hard skills and educational levels based on these documents.

Essential soft skills , such as problem-solving, are easier to assess during job interviews with the help of behavioral interview questions. Therefore, include real-life work scenarios in your answers that demonstrate how you have used the skills required for the position that you’re interviewing for. The interviewer wants to assess if you possess the skills required to perform the day-to-day tasks and deal with challenges that you will encounter in the workplace.

Your (past) behavior as a predictor of your future job performance

Questions about your problem-solving skills and the answers you give are used to determine the chances of your future success in the job that you’re interviewing for.

Specific behavioral problem-solving questions such as ‘ tell me about a time you had to solve a problem at work. What steps did you take before deciding on how to solve the problem, and why? ‘ give the interviewer more insight into your professional behavior and in turn, your future job performance .

Another way to assess your behavior is by asking hypothetical questions. If you, for instance, do not have certain experience yet, the interviewer could ask you a question along the lines of ‘ What would you do if you were caught off-guard by a problem that you had not foreseen? Which steps would you take to address the problem? ‘. As you can see, this question is hypothetical in nature. The interviewer wants to hear which steps you would take to address a possible complexity in your work. Based on your answer, the interviewer will assess if your approach is suitable for the position for which you’re interviewing.

It’s therefore important that you prepare for frequently asked interview questions that you can expect during your interview. By preparing the right example answers on how you have solved problems in your previous jobs and how you would solve problems in the job you’re applying for, you can provide a concise answer without missing important details.

Avoid making a wrong hiring decision

Questions that gauge your professional behavior help employers assess your future job performance. In other words, this helps them make a better hiring decision. A perfect resume or cover letter is not enough to impress seasoned interviewers.

By asking behavioral problem-solving questions, the interviewer tries to uncover your previous work patterns. The information in your answers gives them more insight into your approach to critical situations and if this approach matches the ones required for the position you’re applying for.

By preparing the right way, you can make sure that your example answer situations include aspects of the most important job requirements. Of course, the interviewer is looking for candidates that fit the job description , so make sure that your answers relate to the job requirements.

What Interviewers Look for in Successful Candidates

In short, interviewers look for candidates who have the right work approach to succeed within their company and in that particular position. This is also why we can’t emphasize the importance of being able to demonstrate your skills through solid example scenarios enough .

The right preparation will help you get there. Your goal is to demonstrate that you are capable of taking on the day-to-day tasks required for the position and have the potential to grow . For example, if you are able to work in and deal with transitions in fast-paced environments such as financial markets . And can you handle the complex situations that you will encounter? Are you able to deal with such transitions effectively? In this case, you need to show adaptability and problem-solving skills through example scenarios of how you did so in the past.

Problem-solving behavioral questions are used to get insights into how you approach problems at work, if you take the initiative, and if you possess the right creative and critical thinking skills . Basically, the interviewers want to get the following questions answered:

• Do you take the initiative?
• Can you communicate effectively?
• Are you able to adequately respond to problems or issues that occur during your work?
• Can you perform in stressful and unexpected situations?
• Are you able to adjust to changing work environments?
• Can you assist your coworkers or team when needed?
• Are you flexible in your approaches to situations at work?

Red Flags for Interviewers Assessing Your Problem-solving Skills

When answering questions about your problem-solving skills, there are certain things you need to look out for. Below we discuss a couple of warning signs that interviewers consider when you answer their questions. Ensure that you avoid these at all costs to avoid making the wrong impression.

1. Not answering the question or not providing enough detail

If you answer a question with ‘I can’t recall a situation where I encountered such a problem ,’ this is considered a red flag. This could mean that you did not prepare well and that you’re not taking the interview seriously. Furthermore, the interviewer could interpret such an answer as you may avoid dealing with challenging situations.

If you cannot provide specific details or examples about what you claim in your resume or cover letter, this can be considered a red flag too. If you, for instance, claim that you have successfully solved problems and used critical thinking skills in your work, you need to make sure you’re able to back this up through clear examples of times you did so. Failing to do so could lead to a quick elimination of your candidacy for the position. If the interviewer has trouble verifying your employment history, this is considered a warning sign.

2. Canned responses to questions

Preparing answers is key to success for any interview. However, this means preparing original, effective, and relevant answers that are related to the position you’re interviewing for.

Generic answers to behavioral problem-solving questions such as ‘ tell me about a time you had to solve an issue with a customer ‘ are considered warning signs. An example of a generic answer to that particular question is ‘t his one time I had to deal with an angry customer who had complaints about the pricing of a product. I calmed her down and made the sale ‘. As you can see, this answer does not provide much insight into your problem solving skills, thought process, and how you approach the situation.

If you give a generic answer, you can expect more follow-up questions from the interviewer. However, it’s better to prepare strong answers to impress the interviewer that you actually possess the required skills for the job.

3. Answers that focus on problems, not solutions

The reason for asking specific behavioral-problem solving questions is to assess how you approach and solve problems. It’s, therefore, important that your answers focus on the solution, not the problem . Of course, it’s important that you are able to spot and identify problems, but finding a solution is essential. If your answers focus on problems too much, you can come across as too negative for the job.

Negativity, in any form, in your answers, is considered a red flag. This can be talking negatively about a problem you had to solve but also talking inappropriately about previous employers or co-workers. Negative undertones never impress interviewers the right way. Therefore, focus on how you solve problems and put yourself in the best light possible.

4. Too stressed or uncomfortable during an interview

Interviewers know that almost everybody is slightly uncomfortable when put on the spot during a job interview. However, when you’re too stressed to provide a good answer, this can be viewed as an indicator that you do not handle stressful situations well. Of course, remaining calm under pressure while still being able to solve problems is essential for positions in which problem-solving skills are required.

5. Failing to respond effectively

Failing to respond effectively to interview questions comes across weak. It’s therefore important that you prepare for your interview by thoroughly analyzing the job description and try to understand what kind of problems you will be solving in the position that you applied for. This research will help you choose the right examples from your past that are most likely to impress the interviewer.

Therefore, research the job and organization and make notes of the required skills and experiences you think the company values. This allows you to tailor your answers to your situation.

Also, think about possible follow-up questions the interviewer might ask you. Because you already know what examples you will use in your answers to questions you expect , if you prepare the right way, you can figure out which follow-up questions are likely to be asked. For instance, if you’re preparing for the interview question, ‘ tell me about a time you solved a problem at work ,’ you can expect the interviewer to follow up with, ‘ what steps did you take to solve the situation?’.

6. Not taking responsibility or minimizing the significance of a problem

When a problem is identified but not addressed, this could quickly escalate into a bigger problem. Employees who do not take responsibility or those who leave things for later might not be result-oriented and engaged in their work.

Another way of taking responsibility is to show self-awareness. It’s common for interviewers to ask you about a time that you failed, especially in situations where you needed to solve problems. They are interested in what went wrong in a work situation, if you took responsibility for your actions, and what you learned from that situation. Not taking responsibility for, for instance, a  project that may have failed , is considered a warning sign.

Self-awareness and being to reflect on situations is an important characteristic to possess in the workplace. Interviewers want to hire candidates that can admit errors or who made thoughtful mistakes trying to solve problems in the past and tried to fix them. Employers know that candidates are human and make mistakes, just like everybody else. It’s important that your answers show that you take responsibility for situations and describe the actions you took to repair any problems or challenges.

Frequently Asked Problem-solving Interview Questions

Below you can find commonly asked behavioral problem-solving questions . These questions are divided into regular questions and hypothetical questions. Learn everything you need to know about common interview questions that are frequently asked during job interviews .

Problem-solving interview questions:

• Tell me about a time you faced an unexpected challenge at work and how you dealt with it.
• Describe a time a customer approached you with a problem or concern. How did you respond?
• Tell me about a time you had to change your planned course of action at the last moment. How did you re-evaluate your priorities?
• What was the best idea you came in in your last position?
• Tell me about a time you had to solve a difficult problem.
• What’s the most significant improvement that you have made in the last year?
• Tell me about the most innovative new idea that you have implemented in the workplace.
• Have you ever improved the workflow of a project based on your analysis? How did you do this?
• Describe a situation in which you anticipated a potential problem and applied preventive measures.
• Tell me about a time you faced a significant obstacle you had to overcome to succeed in a project.
• When you’re working on several projects, it’s tricky to deliver excellent service to all of them. How do you go about prioritizing the needs of a client?
• Describe a situation in which you had to analyze information and make a recommendation.
• What do you consider your greatest achievement in the workplace? Why?
• Describe a situation in which you needed to motivate others to get something done.

Hypothetical problem-solving interview questions:

• How would you approach a situation in which you had to analyze information to make a recommendation to a client?
• Tell me how you would handle a situation in which you have a deadline you cannot meet.
• How would you handle a conflict with a co-worker?
• A frustrated client calls you to discuss a problem. How do you deal with such a situation?
• How would you handle a situation in which you would need to convince someone to change their decision?

Preparing Answers to Problem-solving Interview Questions

There are several steps that you can take to prepare for problem-solving questions. Here you can find a job interview checklist . To get started, you can consider the following steps.

Step 1: Research

Before your interview, it’s important that you thoroughly research the position and company. Read the job description carefully to find specific skills that a candidate needs to possess to successfully perform the job. Think of skills such as adaptability , communication , and problem-solving. Also, read the company website to get more information about their mission statement and who their main clients are. Furthermore, check their LinkedIn pages and other content/news related to the company.

Your research will help you identify the required skills, qualities, and experience for the position. In turn, you can use this information to make an educated guess about what kind of interview questions you can expect .

Step 2: Write down the required skills, competencies, and experience

Behavioral questions such as those about problem-solving skills are a great opportunity for you to show why you’re the perfect candidate for the job. Based on the skills and competencies that you have identified during your research, you can start preparing answers. Rank the skills on importance in relation to the requirements for the position.

Step 3: Create a list of past work experiences related to the position’s requirements

Everybody knows that it’s hard to come up with strong answers when you’re put on the spot during an interview. Therefore, come up with strong examples to questions you expect ahead of your interview.

Create a list of past work experiences and tailor them to the required skills and competencies for the job—highlight successful situations where you demonstrated behavior related to these required skills and competencies . Focus on delivering a concise and to-the-point answer.

Step 4: Prepare successful and challenging answer examples

Effective problem-solving skills are essential in the workplace. Therefore, your answers must demonstrate that you have successfully identified problems, proposed solutions, evaluated several options, and finally implemented a solution. However, it’s also likely that the interviewer will ask you about a time you have failed to solve a problem . Interviewers ask you about failures to assess whether or not you learn from your mistakes and if you’re self-aware enough to acknowledge times you failed. Also, it helps them identify if you take calculated and smart risks.

Step 5: Use the STAR method to structure your answers

The STAR method allows you to concisely provide the interviewer an answer by logically walking them through the situation. STAR is an acronym that stands for a situation ( S ), your task ( T ) in that situation, the actions ( A ) you took, and what results ( R ) you got based on your actions. These are the basic steps you take in your walkthrough.

Below we discuss the STAR interview technique in more detail.

STAR Interview Technique For Problem-Solving Interview Questions & Answers

By using the STAR method, you can give an answer that includes exactly what the interviewer is looking for. Below, the STAR acronym is broken down into each step.

Start your answer by explaining the situation that you faced. The start of your answer ‘story’ should answer questions such as:

• What was the situation/problem?
• Who was involved?
• Why did the situation happen at that time?

It’s important to provide context around what problem needed to be solved. Furthermore, make sure to provide relevant details.

Next, explain your specific role in the task ahead. Include important details, such as specific responsibilities. Focus on giving the interviewer an understanding of your task in solving the problem. This part of your answer should answer questions such as:

• Why were you involved in that specific situation?
• What’s the background story?

After you describe your task, it’s time to specifically discuss the actions you took to solve the problem. Give the interviewer a step-by-step description of the actions you took. This part of your answer should answer questions such as:

• What steps did you take to resolve the situation you were in?
• Why did you choose to complete your tasks this way?

Finish your answer by discussing the results you got from your actions. Detail the outcomes of your actions and ensure to highlight your strengths . Also, make sure to take credit for your behavior that led to the result. Focus on positive results and positive learning experiences. This part of your answer ‘story’ should answer questions such as:

• What exactly happened?
• What did you accomplish?
• How did you feel about the results you got?
• What did you learn from the situation?
• How did this particular situation influence who you are as a professional today?

Sample Answers to Problem-solving Questions

Below you will find some example questions. The examples are already written in STAR format so that you can clearly see how you can structure your answers. However, these are ‘general’ examples. Do not forget to structure your own answers in a way that includes enough detail to convince the interviewer that you’re the right person for the job!

Problem-Solving Example 1: ‘ Tell me about a time you had to resolve a disagreement with a coworker.’

‘Personally, I believe that communication is essential in such a situation to find a way that works for both of us. Finding a compromise is the main goal to get the work done to the best of our ability.

Task & Action

In my current position as a financial consultant, I encountered such a situation recently. A colleague disagreed with the way I wanted to handle an issue that we encountered along the way. To address this issue, I scheduled a meeting with him to discuss the situation. I asked him about his points of view and how he thought we should go about the project.

Even though we had differences in the way we felt like how the project should be approached, we quickly came to the conclusion that our goal was the same; providing our client with a high-quality final product within the set deadline.

We talked about the project and the specific aspect about which we had a difference. I explained my point of view and that I had already encountered a similar issue in the past. Ultimately, my colleague agreed to tackle the issue using my proposed method. His insights gave me a good suggestion which we incorporated into the project. After that, we successfully worked together and finalized the project in time and according to the quality level that we both were proud of.’

Why this is a strong answer:

• The provided example is concise and relevant to the workplace where problem-solving skills are important
• This answer shows important skills such as being proactive, problem-solving, persuasion, and adaptability .
• The answer shows that you’re a team player as well and that you listen to the input of others for the better of a project’s result.

Note : There’s always a chance that interviewers ask you follow-up questions about how you convinced your colleague. Make sure that you are able to answer those questions as well.

Problem-Solving Example 2: ‘ Tell me about a time you had to solve a challenging problem at work .’

‘In my position as a business development manager at ABC Software, I’m responsible for organizing all client events and conferences. ABC Software is a major player in the IT market, and during our events, we invite industry experts to speak on market developments. These events are used to attract new clients but also to maintain our relationship with our existing ones.

Over the last two years, we analyzed our attendee data and found that our event attendance dropped by almost 10%. Furthermore, we discovered that the retention rate of our clients also decreased. When we had to plan the next event, my team and I knew that we had to get our attendance levels back up in order for the events to stay successful. The goal was to get our networking event popular and recurring again.

I had an idea why the attendance levels dropped but to get more information, I interviewed several sales consultants as well. The main feedback was that we should focus more on attracting new clients through social media channels. I communicated this with our marketing team, and we decided to also reach out to our client base and ask them what they would like to see on our future events. This led to interesting new insights on topics and speakers that we could invite, plus we also received input on how to improve networking possibilities during our events. Based on our research and feedback, I created a new plan of action to market our events through our social media channels to increase exposure.

After launching our marketing campaign, we immediately gained online traction, leading to an increase in advance registrations. For that specific event, we saw a total increase in attendance of 20% in comparison to the previous year. An online survey showed that the attendees were happy with how the way the new event was structured, and 80% of respondents said that it would be likely that they would recommend our events within their network.

My approach to increasing attendance at our events did not go unnoticed. I was asked by my department director to make a presentation about how I tackled this problem and present this to the board.’

• This example shows that you can identify issues and understand your responsibility to address them.
• The provided example is related but also relevant to the workplace. It’s also concise, which is perfect.
• This answer shows important skills, such as being proactive, teamwork , adaptability , problem-solving skills, and creativity .
• Taking responsibility to find out why the event attendance dropped and subsequently taking action turned out successful gives more weight to the situation.

Problem Solving Example 3: ‘Describe a time a customer approached you with a problem or concern. How did you respond?’

‘In one instance, a customer came to me with an issue. She had recently purchased a product from our store, which broke shortly after she got it home. She was understandably upset and wanted to know what could be done.

In response, I apologized for any inconvenience and asked her to explain what had happened. After hearing her story, I promised to help her as much as possible. Next, I checked the item’s warranty status in our system.

I was able to offer her a replacement or a refund since the product was still under warranty , and I helped her find an identical item in our store and processed the exchange for her. The customer decided she wanted a replacement, so I explained our return policy to her in case this ever happened again in the future.

My customer thanked me for my help and seemed more satisfied at the end of the transaction; I was glad I was able to turn a potentially negative experience into a positive one.’

• This example shows that you understand what great customer service is.
• The provided example is concise and to the point; it describes a situation and the actions you took to resolve it.
• This answer shows essential skills, such as being proactive, customer service, and problem-solving skills.

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8 Problem-Solving Interview Questions You Should Ask

Employers need professionals who can cope with change. Especially in a modern workplace that is fast-paced and dynamic, problem-solving skills are more critical now than ever. Of course, having the right people starts with who and how you hire.

To find the best problem solvers, hiring managers rely on problem-solving interview questions and skills tests. In the interview, asking various behavioral-type questions can help assess a candidate’s ability to analyze complex situations, think critically , and develop innovative solutions.

In this article, we’ll explore eight different types of problem-solving interview questions and answers, how to identify any red flags in candidate answers, and a quick-fire list of tips to ensure you bring the best aboard your organization.

TL;DR – Key Takeaways

• Problem-solving interview questions are designed to assess a candidate’s ability to think critically , analyze situations, and find innovative solutions.
• Hiring managers use problem-solving questions in the job interview to evaluate critical skills and competencies such as analytical thinking, decision-making, adaptability, creativity, collaboration, and communication .
• A predictor of future job performance is past performance. By understanding how they have dealt with problems in the past, you can get a better picture of how they might apply those skills to your organization.
• Red flags to watch out for during the job interview include a lack of specific examples, vague or generalized answers, limited adaptability, poor decision-making, lack of collaboration or communication skills, and limited initiative or creativity.
• Tips for using problem-solving questions to screen candidates include asking job-specific questions, encouraging candidates to use the STAR method, asking different types of problem-solving questions, and preparing responses .
• Interviews are great for top-level evaluation of problem-solving skills. But if you want to get to the bottom of candidates’ job-specific competencies and have reliable data to compare top candidates, try skills assessments instead! See our test library for inspiration. 

What Are Problem-Solving Interview Questions?

Problem-solving interview questions are a type of behavioral question used to assess a candidate’s ability to think critically, gather and analyze data, and work through logical solutions. There often is no right or wrong answer , but a strong answer will check the boxes by explaining how they would come to a solution by walking through all the relevant steps.

For example, a problem-solving question might be to ask the candidate to describe a time when they had to change their planned course of action at the last moment. The interviewer is not only interested in hearing about how the candidate solved the specific problem but also in learning more about their problem-solving approach and what they did to manage the unexpected change.

It is often thought that past employee behaviour can predict the future. That’s why problem-solving interview questions are often designed to elicit specific examples from the candidate’s own work experience. By talking through concrete examples, interviewers can better understand the candidate’s problem-solving abilities and how they might apply those skills to the job at hand.

Want to know more about behavioral interview questions ?

Why Interviewers Ask Problem-solving Interview Questions

For most hiring managers, the interview is a critical step in the hiring process. In addition to using skills assessments to screen candidates for problem-solving skills, they need to ask problem-solving interview questions to get a deeper understanding of this skill.

Probing questions help hiring managers to evaluate candidates’ critical thinking skills , providing insight into how well they might perform on the job. This approach enables interviewers to understand the candidate’s problem-solving competency and the methods that they adopt.

Interviewers will be looking to understand their capacity to analyze information, generate innovative ideas, adapt to unexpected obstacles, make sound decisions, collaborate with others, and effectively communicate their ideas.

Therefore, an effective problem-solver will also demonstrate a range of other important skills, such as analytical thinking, decision-making, adaptability, creativity, collaboration, and communication.

8 Examples of Common Problem-Solving Interview Questions and Answers

Now for the main course of this article. We’re going to dive into eight types of example problem-solving questions that you can use during interviews, explaining why they are relevant and what makes a strong answer.

1. The challenging situation

Recall a difficult problem or challenging situation you encountered in a previous role. How did you analyze the problem, and what steps did you take to arrive at a solution?

The reason: Assesses a candidate’s ability to handle complex and challenging situations as well as their problem-solving approach, communication, and decision-making skills.

The answer: The candidate should share a specific instance of a problematic situation they faced in a previous role and describe their problem-solving approach. Specifically, how they analyzed the problem, including what information they gathered and resources they used to arrive at a solution.

Bonus points: If they can highlight any obstacles they faced and how they overcame them, as well as the positive outcomes of their solution.

2. Problem-solving process

Walk me through your problem-solving process . Explain your personal approach to problem-solving by taking me through the steps you typically follow.

The reason: To better understand a candidate’s problem-solving approach and methodology.

The answer: A solid answer consists of a brief description of the candidate’s personal problem-solving approach , highlighting the steps they typically follow, different options they would consider, and resources used to make informed decisions.

Bonus points: If they also mention any tools or techniques , such as the scientific method or SWOT analysis, and provide examples of times when their approach was successful.

3. Decision-making

Share an instance where you needed to make a quick decision to resolve an urgent problem. How did you decide on a course of action, and what was the outcome?

The reason: Test a candidate’s decision-making and problem-solving skills in stressful and unexpected situations.

The answer: The interviewee should describe how they gathered relevant information quickly, considered various options, and arrived at an informed decision all within a limited space of time.

Bonus points: If they can demonstrate competence in handling stressful situations , especially if the role may require it.

4. Creative thinking

Give me an example of a time when you had to think outside the box to solve a problem. How did you approach the situation differently or creatively, and what was the outcome?

The reason: Understand a candidate’s ability to think creatively and innovatively when faced with a problem.

The answer: The interviewee should describe a specific situation where they used creative thinking to solve a problem. They should explain their unique approach and any unconventional ideas or solutions they came up with.

Bonus points: If they can demonstrate exactly how their creative solution contributed to a successful outcome.

5. Teamwork

Describe a situation where you had to work with a team to solve a complex problem. Detail your role and contributions to the team’s overall success in finding a solution.

The reason: Understand a candidate’s ability to work collaboratively and effectively with others when solving difficult problems.

The answer: How do they narrate a particular scenario where they worked with a team to collectively solve a complex problem, specifying their role and that of the team in arriving at a solution.

Bonus points: If they can recognize the role of others and the strength of the team over the individual in solving the problem.

6. Overcoming obstacles

Can you share an example of a project or task where you had to overcome unexpected obstacles or challenges? How did you adapt and find a solution?

The reason: Handling unexpected obstacles or challenges and their problem-solving skills.

The answer: To answer this question, the interviewee should share a particular project or task where they faced unforeseen challenges or obstacles, how they adapted to the situation and found a solution.

Bonus points: If they emphasize any creative or innovative methods they employed.

7. Dealing with recurring problems

Give me an example of a time when you identified a recurring problem in a process or system. What steps did you take to address the issue and prevent it from happening again?

The reason: This question assesses a candidate’s ability to identify and solve recurring problems and improve processes.

The answer: The job seeker should recount a specific instance of a recurring problem they detected in a process or system .

Bonus points: If they can explain exactly how they got to the root of the problem and the steps or measures they took to prevent its recurrence .

8. Multi-tasking

Tell me about a situation where you had to prioritize multiple tasks or projects with competing deadlines. How did you prioritize and allocate your time to ensure the successful completion of all tasks?

The reason: Tests a candidate’s capacity to organize, prioritize, and multitask to complete multiple assignments or tasks in a timely manner.

The answer: The interviewee should illustrate a specific instance where they successfully managed multiple projects or tasks simultaneously , elaborating on how they prioritized their workload and managed their time efficiently.

Bonus points: If they highlight any project management tools or techniques used, and if the project or task was delivered on time.

Now that we’ve gone over the best possible answers for these questions, let’s look at some of the negatives and red flags to keep an eye out for.

Red Flags for Interviewers Assessing Problem-solving Skills

HR managers should be aware of red flags during an interview that could indicate weakness in a candidate’s problem-solving skills.

Red flags to watch for include:

A lack of specific examples

If a candidate has a hard time recalling specific past problem-solving examples, this may signal they lack relevant experience or have difficulty remembering events.

Vague or generalized answers

Candidates who give vague, general, or unclear answers without describing the specifics of their problem-solving process may lack the ability to solve problems effectively. Is the candidate trying to avoid the question? When probed further, are they able to get more specific?

Limited adaptability

If the individual is unable to describe situations where they persevered through obstacles or utilized alternate solutions, it may display an absence of resilience, unwillingness or incapacity to be adaptable.

Poor decision-making skills

Candidates who lack the ability to explain their thought process, take into account alternative perspectives, or make unwise decisions likely possess weak decision-making skills. Look for candidates who contemplate decisions carefully, consider the pros and cons, and can articulate their reasons for choosing their final course of action.

Lack of collaboration or communication skills

Poor communication, collaboration, and teamwork skills can hinder problem-solving, especially in situations where input or feedback from stakeholders is required.

Limited initiative or creativity

Problem solvers who stand out demonstrate initiative, creativity, and a drive to think unconventionally. Those who cannot offer examples of inventive problem-solving or use only traditional techniques may not possess the ability to come up with creative solutions.

Tips For Using Problem-Solving Questions To Screen Candidates

Before you run off and start asking all of the above problem-solving interview questions, there are a few more factors to consider. To be specific, context is king when it comes to speaking to interviewees during the job interview. And the below tips will help you to understand them better.

• Always be sure to ask job-specific questions
• Start with a robust, written job description that details all the required skills, competencies, and experience to compare with the candidate’s answers
• Keep a look out for generic answers
• Do they use the STAR method to structure their thinking/answers?
• Ask different types of problem-solving questions
• Reword the question if a candidate is having trouble answering it
• Ask how they handle a situation that doesn’t have an easy outcome or answer
• Inquire if they have ever had disciplinary action taken against them and how they handled it
• Ask them team-related questions
• Prepare responses that you can play off of their answers
• Check if they have ever tried to inspire their team
• It’s not out of the ordinary to ask the candidate out-of-the-box questions (How would you escape a blender?) to understand how they solve problems

You’re almost ready to integrate problem-solving questions into your job interview workflow, but there’s just one last topic to cover: Is there a piece of software that can help you to streamline the problem-solving interview process?

Yes, yes, there is.

Evaluating problem-solving skills beyond the interview

While interviews are a useful tool for recruiters and hiring managers to gauge candidates’ competence, they’re not quite sufficient for assessing candidates’ full skill set. That’s especially true when the role requires mastery of a certain technical or power skill, like problem-solving.

A better, more effective way to evaluate candidates ‘ abilities is to combine structured interviews with job-specific skills assessments. Here are some of the reasons why:

• It allows for more objective evaluation. Interviews inherently favor candidates with advanced communication skills, charisma, and confidence. But! Just because a candidate interviews well, doesn’t mean they have what it takes to succeed in the role. Sadly, the interviewer’s perception of a candidate is almost always highly influenced by the candidate’s interviewing skills. Incorporating a skills assessment can help you assess candidates’ actual abilities in role-specific tasks.
• It offers a practical demonstration. Interviews often rely on a candidate’s self-reporting of their skills and past experiences. However, candidates may overstate their abilities or have difficulty articulating their skills in an interview setting. Skill-specific assessments give candidates the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities in a practical, real-world context. This allows hiring managers to see the candidate’s skills in action, which can be a more reliable indicator of their ability to perform in the role.
• It guarantees consistent metrics. Assessments provide a consistent set of metrics to compare all candidates. This can help to eliminate bias and ensure fairness in the hiring process. Interviews can be more subjective and may vary greatly depending on the interviewer or the specific questions asked. Having a standardized assessment ensures that all candidates are evaluated on the same criteria.
• It helps to predict job performance. Research has shown that work sample tests, which are a type of skill-specific assessment, are one of the best predictors of job performance. They can provide valuable insights into how a candidate might perform in the job beyond what can be learned from an interview alone.
• It makes the hiring process more efficient. Skill-specific assessments can also make the hiring process more efficient. If a candidate performs poorly on an assessment early in the process, this could save time for both the candidate and the company by indicating that the candidate may not be the right fit for the role.

Interested in exploring a skills-based hiring approach? Take no risks – start with our free account to browse all available assessment templates .

Juste loves investigating through writing. A copywriter by trade, she spent the last ten years in startups, telling stories and building marketing teams. She works at Toggl Hire and writes about how businesses can recruit really great people.

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39 Job Interview Questions to Expect, with Answers

As the tech industry’s seemingly never-ending rounds of layoffs continue on and on, we’re all getting a lot more interested in acing job interviews.

In a way, interviewing well is the most in-demand skill of them all: If you don’t know someone who knows someone, it’s practically a prerequisite for getting any job at all. And, since we’re all too busy doing our jobs, it’s a rarely practiced skill to boot.

Luckily, job interviewers tend to stick to the same types of questions: They’ll ask about your past job experience, and they’ll try to figure out if you’re a culture fit. Here, we’ve rounded up all the top questions that a job interviewer is likely to ask, along with a handful of questions that you may want to ask them.

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Tell Me About Yourself

You should consider preparing a quick summary of your work persona: Mention a few hobbies, how much you love your pets, and, just to really blow them away, throw in your favorite ice cream flavor.

They’re likely to ask for something more specific about yourself as well, too. Here are the usual questions to be ready for:

1. What are your strengths?

As with all the questions in this category, you’ll need to find an answer that’s honest to your personality. But it never hurts to consider some of the greatest hits here: Perhaps you’re great at communicating effectively, collaborating with others, or problem-solving under pressure.

2. What are your weaknesses?

Some will suggest that you answer with a version of “I care too much” or “I work too hard.” But even if this is true for you, it’s cliche and weird to flex about your terrible work-life balance in 2024.

Instead, pick a genuine weakness (nothing too terrible), and then follow up immediately to explain how you’ve already begun working to address this issue. For example, you could say that you sometimes get caught up in the details, but this has led you to realign your workflow regularly to ensure you move on to the next task at an appropriate speed.

3. Why do you want to work for this company?

To answer this one, think about what stands out about the company. If they’re small, you can benefit from how agile and scrappy they are. If they’re large, you’ll benefit from the internal network of knowledgable coworkers.

4. Why are you interested in this position?

Find an answer to this that’s personal to you, but that makes it clear that your values align with the organization, and you see a path towards growing your skills and experience at the new position.

5. Can you walk me through your resume?

When answering this one, focus on two points. First, you’ll want to highlight why your past positions are  relevant to the current position you’re hoping to land. Second, you’ll also want to emphasize the diverse range of experiences you’ve banked in the past.

Prove Your Experience

A job interviewer needs to know you have the proven industry knowledge to handle everything in real life that you can already do on paper. Here are some questions about your job history they’ll likely ask some version of.

6. What relevant experience do you have?

Look through your employment history for positions in the industry or the same job role. If you don’t have them, focus on the most relevant skills. Any growth statistics you can highlight from your time at the company will be good to keep in mind.

7. How do you handle pressure or stressful situations?

I don’t know, how  do you handle them? If you love them, say so. If you hate them, say that and then explain the steps you take to avoid feeling like a situation is stressful, like establishing a gameplan ahead of time.

8. What do you consider to be your greatest accomplishment?

This is a broad question, so start out by narrowing the field: What was the biggest project you worked on at your most relevant previous position? That’s likely the best area to focus on, although you might win a few brownie points by saying your greatest accomplishment was raising your kids.

9. What motivates you?

You’re likely best of answering this by focusing on the work itself: You like challenging yourself, growing, and gaining new skills that add up to more than the sum of their total.

10. Where do you see yourself in five years?

If you have clear career goals, discuss them. For everyone else, highlight the skills that this position offers and that you’d love to develop.

11. What do you enjoy most about your last job?

You can add a little structure to your response by opening with a summary of a project or goal that you helped work on, followed by the actions you enjoyed taking to address the issue. The point is to bring up a skillset that will transfer to your new position.

Give Examples

Even once you’ve prepared for all the questions above, you still won’t be done proving your experience. Most job interviewers are also looking for specific examples from your past that illustrate your relevant skills and perspective.

12. Describe a challenge you faced at work and how you overcame it.

A good general template for any specific experience is to describe a situation , your actions in response, and the impact that you achieved.

13. Can you provide an example of a time when you demonstrated leadership skills?

Think of a time when you took intiative to make a decision when your manager wasn’t around to make it for you. You don’t have to fully take charge to exhibit “leadership skills,” either, since this term could be interpreted to mean that you deligated responsibility or took point on a small section of a larger project.

14. Describe a time when you had to adapt to change.

Ideally, you’ll want to pick a challenge that you made a clearly outlined change in response to. Follow the story up by explaining what interpersonal or technical skill you learned from the experience.

15. Describe a time when you had to solve a complex problem.

A few things the interviewer might be looking for when asking this question: How you break a big problem down into smaller sections, and if you’re willing to ask others for help. Pick a story that illustrates these principles.

16. Tell me about a time when you failed and what you learned from it.

This potential question is an easy one to be unprepared for, since it involves admitting to a failure. If you have a story ready to go (and an explanation for how you recovered afterwards), you might stand out from the other interviewees.

17. Provide an example of a time when you went above and beyond in your role.

The interviewer won’t ask too many of these questions, so as long as you have a two-to-four potential stories ready to go, you can likely cover all your bases.

Are You a Culture Fit?

Employers want someone who will easily slot into the existing structure of their business. Here’s what they might ask to suss out if you fit the bill.

18. Why did you leave your previous job?

If you haven’t yet left your current position, this question might be phrased as “why are you looking to leave your current job?” Either way, the interviewer just needs a response that makes sense, shows your interest in furthering your career, aligns with their company’s values, or some combination of the above.

19. What do you know about our company?

Do some research into the company’s accolades. Anything that makes the company unique is worth bringing up, and of course any (authentic) praise you can muster will go over well.

20. How do you work in a team environment?

What team player traits do you love and exhibit? This might be effective communication, willingness to collaborate, a positive attitude, or something more specific, like how you enjoy breakout rooms in Zoom calls or how you collect Post-its for your idea board.

21. How do you handle conflicts with coworkers?

Saying you can always handle conflicts might sound too defensive in response to this question. Instead, think of a specific example of a way you butted heads with a coworker in the past and how you worked to defuse the situation. Emphase traits like active listening, open communciation, and a solution that works for everyone, not just you.

22. How do you prioritize tasks and manage your time effectively?

This is a chance to show that you’re a team player. Emphasize how you determine the importance of your deadlines, considering how other teams in our organization are affected. Feel free to mention specific software tools that help streamline your workflow.

23. How do you handle constructive criticism?

Let the interviewer know that you don’t take feedback personally, even if it’s negative.

24. What relevant skills do you possess for this role?

You should figure out which of your skills are most relevant ahead of the interview, which allows you to prepare an example or two of your work while at a previous position.

25. Are you comfortable working independently?

Explain that you love to take initiative, and can handle all the tasks in the job listing effectively without a need for constant supervision. Of course, you do require the right amount of open communication, particularly when tackling the intial learning curve.

Brag About Yourself

Any company wants to hire the best person for the job. You’ll have to find a way to let them know that’s you, while still making it clear that you’re a team player.

26. What makes you the best candidate for this position?

Line up your skills, experience, and personal attributes. Add in something that makes you stand out, from your proactive problem-solving to your personable approach to internal networking.

For bonus points, you can wrap up your answer with a note about what makes their company worth applying to – it’s a compliment, but it highlights that you’re interviewing them as much as they’re interviewing you.

27. How do you define success?

Good answers to this question tend to be a little lofty, from “feeling fulfilled” to “finding meaningful work.” Whatever the case, you can achieve it with ongoing growth, learning from failures… and landing this job.

28. How do you stay organized?

Explain the general tips for keeping on track, from task grouping to time management. You can also get into specific software tools as well, from your Google Calendar skills to your project management software knowledge.

29. Can you describe your work ethic?

The right answer to this will be unique to you, but common traits to highlight here might include: Dedication, reliability, enthusiasm, passion, detail-oriented, integrity. Pick a few that describe you best and don’t mention any that don’t fit as well.

30. Can you describe your approach to continuous learning and professional development?

Perhaps you spend your free time upskilling and learning new code languages. If not, however, you can still answer this one proudly: Everyone’s continually learning new skills at any job, so you can just cite the most recent or most interesting new projects that you’ve taken on, and what abilities they require from you.

The Practical and Nitty-Gritty Questions

Not all common job interview questions are as general as the options listed above. Here, we get into the questions that you can’t sweet-talk your way through. You’ll need to know exactly what software, websites, or numbers to have on hand.

31. Are you comfortable with [specific software or technology]?

You should have a list of the software that you’re familar with in mind. Don’t overpromise, though: After all, you’ve (probably?) figured out more than one project management tool in your time, so one more should be easy enough.

32. How do you stay updated in your field?

What industry newsletter or website do you regularly read? Any podcasts or YouTube courses? As long as you enjoy your career, this can be a fun question to answer and might even demonstrate your passion.

33. What are your salary expectations?

This is one of the toughest job interview questions to answer: You don’t want to name a specific figure, as it sets a benchmark that can leave you underpaid, but you don’t want to say anything so high that you’re rejected, either.

You should mention that salary isn’t the only important element of which job offer you’ll accept, but ultimately, you may need to name the range that your research shows will fit your skills and geographic location.

Do You Have Any Questions for Us?

At the end of the interview, you might be asked for any questions from your side. Even if you’re not, piping up with at least one or two questions is the right move in most cases: It’s often seen as a sign that you’re fully engaged in the process.

Here are some of the best questions to ask, with my favorite one listed first:

34. Can you tell me what you loved the most about how the previous person in this position did their job?

This shows you’re aware that you’re potentially stepping into someone else’s shoes and you’re interested in easing the transition as you enter the same role. Plus, it gives your interviewer the choice to either praise or bad-mouth their previous employee – either way, you’ll gain some insight into the workplace culture you may be entering.

35. Can you describe the day-to-day responsibilities of this position?

This question gets to the nitty-gritty details, and might lead to a discussion of the software tools or workflow specificities to expect at your new job. It’s a good one to ask during a second or third interview, when it’s clear you’re both serious about the potential of being hired.

36. What are the company’s short-term and long-term goals, and how does this position contribute to achieving them?

This shows that you’re looking for a job that’s clearly aligned with the direction that the entire company is headed. If your job is valued by the company, you’ll have job security and the potential for further growth as long as you do that job well.

37. What opportunities can you offer for professional development and advancement?

Another forward-thinking question, this asks the company to explain what skills and experiences it can offer you, rather than the other way around. If the interviewer struggles to answer, they’re indicating that the company isn’t committed to employee development.

38. Can you tell me about the company culture and what it’s like to work here?

This question could prompt a range of responses, and you may like some responses more than others. Do you want to work at a fast-paced organization, or one that prioritizes slow and steady accomplishment instead? Whatever the case, you need a company culture that suits you.

39. What are the next steps in the hiring process?

This is a good wrap-up question, as it transitions the whole conversation into the next stage of the timeline and pragmatically signals a conclusion to the current interview.

Job Interviewing Tips

Once you’ve figured out potential answers to most of the questions listed in this guide, you’re almost ready. The final step? Forget all those notes you just took and clear your mind.

It might sound counterintuitive, but the key element to winning a job interview is quiet confidence, and trying to re-state all of your prepared answers exactly as you wrote them will probably make you seem stiff. Instead, stay flexible: You can remix and shuffle around your answers in any way that makes sense.

Finally, if you don’t have an answer for a curveball, feel free to just admit it. You’ll sound more confident as a result, and it’s a human moment. Ultimately, what matters is connecting with your interviewer and letting them know you’ll be a reasonable coworker. Well, provided you also let them know you have the experience, skills, and personality to handle the gig.

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Download Interview guide PDF

Star interview questions, download pdf.

Are you having difficulty answering interview questions in a concise manner? When interviewing, how can you share your accomplishments without appearing boastful? How can you demonstrate to the interviewer that you are the best candidate? As we all know, job interview questions can be stressful at times, but some are more difficult to answer than others. When ranked by difficulty level, behavioral questions would probably rank first for most people. 

If this is also the case for you, you will be delighted with the STAR method. Situation, Task, Action, and Result are the four pillars of the STAR acronym. Preparing for behavioral interview questions and situational interview questions can be accomplished using the STAR interview method. By answering interview questions this way, you will be able to provide concrete examples of your experience and skills for the job without sounding boastful. The following STAR method examples will assist you in preparing clear and concise responses.

Throughout this article, we will take a look at what is the STAR method , as well as 30+ of the most common STAR interview questions and answers that can be encountered during behavioral interviews.

STAR Method Interview Questions: Tips and Sample Answers

• Questions about the STAR Method
• Question about Problem-Solving

Question about Teamwork

Questions about self-management skills, questions about creativity thinking skills, questions about time-management skills, questions about communication skills, how to answer star interview questions, questions about star method, 1. what does star stand for explain it..

A STAR is an acronym for Situation, Task, Action, and Result.

• Situation: Give details about the situation and your example.
• Task: Outline your responsibilities in that situation.
• Action: Describe how you resolved the problem.
• Result: Explain the outcome of the actions you took.

A STAR interview method (Situation, Task, Action, and Result) offers a straightforward format for structuring your responses. Using this technique of interviewing, you will have the ability to tell your story in a simple, straightforward manner by outlining the Situation, Task, Action, and Result of the situation. It is particularly helpful to use this strategy when answering a competency-based question in a job interview. By keeping these four components in mind, you are much more likely to provide the interviewer with a concise, compelling narrative of what you have accomplished.

Sample Answer:

During my time at my last employer, I was eager to advance into the position of a senior software engineer as soon as possible, so that I would have a better grasp of the technology. ( Situation ) Having been there for over two years, I set a target of completing my goal in three years. So I only had a year to achieve it. ( Task) During this period, I worked diligently to enhance my skills and knowledge, as well as take on more challenging projects. Even though I had no prior experience with such projects, I tried to deliver superior quality. ( Action ) My supervisor finally put me at ease and I got promoted within period of six months of setting that goal. ( Result )

2. Can you tell me about one of your proudest professional accomplishments?

This question allows employers to determine whether you have the skills and work ethics they are looking for and if your attitude fits into their culture. Choosing your greatest achievement will demonstrate what is important to you, and how you achieved it will reveal your work style. You will be able to convey both your hard and soft skills in answering this question.

• Take pride in your work, but don't flaunt your accomplishments. When answering, be sure to provide examples and explain your thought process.
• Your reply to the interview should be pragmatic and reflect your approach to success and hard work, and make sure you sound down to earth.
• It is recommended that you use the STAR method to structure your answer for clarity.

During my last employment, our technology development team had to let go of one of our colleagues due to relocation. (Situation) His role was to lead the iOS development of the app. No one else on the team had experience developing apps for iOS. Since I had developed iOS apps in the past, I volunteered to take the lead on the app development process. (Task) Together with the other team members, I worked on creating and troubleshooting the new application. (Action) It took me 40 days to complete the development ahead of schedule. As of now, it has over 220 positive reviews in the iTunes Store, offering the company another revenue stream. (Result)

Question about Problem Solving

1. when have you been faced with a challenging situation what solution did you come up with.

Interviewers ask this question to find out how you handle challenges in the workplace. Take a moment to think about the last time you faced a challenge and overcame it. You may also discuss an experience that has helped you learn more about your craft and improve your performance.

Sample Answer

I was working on a project with my team, and one of our team members decided to quit the team in the middle of the project due to personal reasons. ( Situation ) I know that in any case, I had to finish the project to keep the organization's reputation intact. ( Task ) However, I went to the other member and we agreed to divide the remaining work equally. We went above and beyond to complete the tasks until we reached our goal. ( Action ) Despite the tight deadline, we were able to complete the project on time. ( Result )

2. When was the last time a client asked you for the impossible? What was your approach to explaining this to them?

As part of the interview process, the interviewer may ask how you deal with difficult clients so they can gain a deeper understanding of your client service skills. With this question, you will be evaluated specifically on your problem-solving skills, interpersonal skills, and ability to deal with stress and diffuse tense situations.

A client asked for a complex feature to be delivered within an unrealistic timeframe. ( Situation ) I had to explain the challenges and limitations of the project and suggest a more feasible approach. ( Task ) I made sure to listen carefully to the client's requirements and concerns, explained to them the technical challenges involved, and highlighted the risks of rushing the development process. ( Action ) The client appreciated my transparent communication, agreed on a more realistic timeline, and the project was completed successfully within the new timeline. ( Result )

3. Have you ever had to correct a mistake made by a superior? What was your approach to that situation?

The interviewer wants to know how you would handle a potentially uncomfortable situation with a superior. Explain your thought process and the action you would take in response to this question. Ensure that your answer demonstrates your professional approach to the potential employer.

Sample Answer 

I identified a mistake made by my superior in a software project. ( Situation ) I took the task upon myself to correct the mistake and communicate the issue to my superior. ( Task ) Firstly, I reviewed the code and identified the issue in detail. Then, I discussed the mistake with my superior in a professional and respectful manner, providing evidence and suggesting possible solutions. ( Action ) My superior acknowledged the mistake and appreciated my input. Together, we corrected the issue and implemented necessary changes to prevent similar mistakes in the future. The project was completed successfully with improved quality. ( Result )

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4. How do you cope with sudden workplace changes?

The purpose of asking this question is to learn more about how you cope in a fast-paced, ever-changing work environment. Interviewers may want to know that you are confident and poised as you face these challenges. They may also be interested in hearing how you have used those skills in a previous role.

As a software developer, I have faced sudden workplace changes in the past multiple times. ( Situation ) I cope with sudden workplace changes by following a few key strategies. ( Task ) Firstly, I assess the impact of the change and the tasks that need to be completed. Next, I communicate with my team members and seek their opinions and suggestions to better adapt to the changes. I also stay organized by breaking down my tasks into smaller manageable units and prioritizing them accordingly. Finally, I remain flexible and adaptable to adjust to the new situation. ( Action ) By following these strategies, I have been able to cope effectively with sudden workplace changes and ensure that my work is completed efficiently and effectively. ( Result )

1. Has there ever been a conflict between you and a co-worker? What solutions did you come up with?

When handling such behavioral questions, it is essential to be careful. Collaboration and the ability to resolve conflict can increase productivity and foster a more pleasant working environment. It is therefore necessary for you to clearly describe the conflict and how you resolved it in your answer. It is important for you to be respectful and not bad-mouth the co-worker no matter how enraging the situation was. The outcome should be clearly stated.

Once, a team member thought my method of tackling a project was incorrect. The way he came across sounded harsh to me. ( Situation ) Having to cooperate on this project was going to be a challenge, and the person wasn't too thrilled about the idea, to be honest. While explaining something to them, they would often interrupt me. ( Task ) I chose not to get mad at them but instead politely asked them if they had any other suggestions that might work. They shared their thoughts, and we discussed them as a team. They gave us a better idea and we decided to go with it as a team. ( Action ) As a result, we recorded better results. We also sorted out our misunderstanding in the process and we became good friends. ( Result )

2. When was the last time you worked with another department to complete a project?

Often interviewers ask these questions when cross-functional teamwork is a critical component of their work environment. Among the teamwork skills you want to remember are active listening, communication, conflict management, developing consensus, encouraging others to pull their weight, and so on.

At my previous company, we had the C-suite of Marketing and Operations, Creative Services, the Content and Communications department, and Consumer Insights.  ( Situation ) We had to work with them to understand the business requirements better for developing new software applications. Collaboration across departments was an integral part of our work all of the time.  ( Task ) We came up with a plan to meet on a weekly basis to discuss bigger projects and then collaborate throughout the rest of the week based on our needs.  ( Action ) In all, the set-up proved to be excellent and helped to ensure the smooth progress of the project at every stage. ( Result )

3. Do you have any strategies for dealing with coworkers who are too incompetent or unwilling to cooperate?

Many employers ask about your experience handling difficult coworkers in order to assess how well you handle them. It is important to be respectful while answering this. You may be asked if you are a team player who can work well with others or if you enjoy any type of interpersonal relationship. It is common for organizations to look for people who can cope with difficult situations and are able to remain calm in the midst of them.

  Sample Answer: 

As a client support specialist, I and my coworker were responsible for contacting clients to verify login information.  ( Situation ) Unfortunately, we miscommunicated how the client list should be divided up between the two of us. Originally, I thought I would get in touch with clients with names A through K; and my colleague hoped to get in touch with clients with names L through Z. We were not on the same page regarding this and it caused confusion amongst us. It also caused confusion and frustration for our clients as we contacted them twice. ( Task ) As we both expressed our frustrations with one another, we both admitted that we misheard one another. For future projects like this, I suggested using a color-coded spreadsheet that represented who would work with what clients.  ( Action ) The new system has been working well for us since this incident, and we have not had any similar issues. ( Result )

1. Do you ever have to make unpopular decisions? What did you do?

The downside of managing or leading involves making decisions that not everyone agrees with. It is important to tell the interviewer that although you made a decision to press forward, you were very careful to communicate with the other employees and even increase their support.

When I was working at my previous job, I was assigned to supervise a small team of coworkers for a huge project. (Situation)

Since the project was huge, it could significantly impact the company's reputation, and it needed to be completed quickly. (Task)

Due to time constraints, we were unable to complete the project during the week, so we decided to work on Saturdays to finish it by guaranteeing incentives to my team for their hard work. As soon as I broke the news of overtime work to my coworkers, they complained and developed resentment against me.  But I assured them of proper incentives and made them understand why it was important to gain that deal. (Action)

As a result, my team was convinced and they onboarded to complete the project and we even successfully managed to acquire new clients. Additionally, my team was rewarded for their work with incentives and due recognition. At the end, everyone was happy. (Result)

2. Can you tell me about a time when you disagreed with your manager and how you resolved the matter?

Basically, this particular question is designed to test the level of communication skills you have. Interviewers are looking for several qualities in your response, including emotional maturity, validity, loyalty, and responsibility.

There was once a disagreement between me and my manager over the best way to assist an intern. (Situation)

To avoid confronting him in front of everyone, I spoke off the floor with him instead. I explained my concerns about his behavior openly and honestly. (Task)

During the course of the conversation, it became apparent that there had been a simple misunderstanding. (Action)

A disagreement with my colleagues taught me the importance of communication to prevent bigger problems. (Result)

3. Have you ever persuaded someone to do something?

Interviewers use this question to assess your ability to persuade. You will be asked to describe specific situations and actions in which you were able to influence others.

During my previous job as a software developer, I noticed that one of my colleagues was not following the best practices for code documentation. (Situation)

It was important to me that we maintain consistency in our team's code quality and documentation, so I needed to persuade my colleague to change his approach. (Task)

I approached my colleague and explained my concerns about the lack of documentation in his code. I also highlighted the benefits of maintaining high-quality code and how it could save time in the long run. To persuade him, I shared some best practices, provided examples, and offered to assist him with any questions or concerns he may have had. (Action)

My colleague was initially hesitant to change his approach, but after listening to my suggestions and seeing the benefits, he agreed to improve the documentation in his code. As a result, the code quality improved, and we were able to collaborate more efficiently on future projects. (Result)

4. Do you have experience motivating others? What steps did you take to achieve this?

The purpose of this question is to determine whether you are capable of working in a team environment and motivating your coworkers. Being able to influence others around you will help you fit in well with any team. Do not forget to mention the result of your motivation.

During my last position, a member of my team was never fully committed to the project thereby impacting their deliverables. (Situation)

It took conscious effort on my part to visit their desk every morning in order to understand what they were going through and motivate them. (Task)

They opened up to me about their problems and how they were unable to focus due to lack of confidence. I motivated them consistently by highlighting how their skills were crucial for the project we were working on and provided regular feedback on their progress. (Action)

As time went on, they began to express their opinions and suggest original, creative ideas during staff meetings. They felt valued and recognized which boosted their self-confidence and at the end, things worked well for our team too. (Result)

1. When was the last time you had to be highly strategic to achieve a goal?

In asking this question, the interviewer is interested in learning how you deal with priorities as well as the ability to work under pressure. A key work competency for individual contributors and managers alike is the ability to prioritize confidently in the face of the incapacity to complete all tasks.

Since my job involved a number of competing priorities, it was often very challenging to determine what was most critical and urgent in order to carry out my duties. ( Situation ) My manager and I worked out a scale for judging the importance and urgency of a task so that it's clear what should take the highest priority from the start. ( Task ) Priority was given to things that are both important and urgent (IU). Next was important and not urgent (INU), followed by urgent and not important (UNI), and lastly not important and not urgent (NINU). I received requests from my manager labelled as IU, INU, UNI, and NINU when the rating system was in use. ( Action ) Due to this prioritization rating system, my overall productivity increased considerably over the past year. ( Result )

2. Tell us about a time you failed. Have you learned anything from this experience?

If the interviewer specifically asks for a work-related example, try to recall a long-gone incident that is related to your job role. It is best to choose a story in which something significant didn't go according to plan as a result of your actions (or lack of actions)—not something more trivial.

Early in my career as a software developer, I was tasked with developing a new feature for a web application. ( Situation ) I was responsible for developing the feature within a specific timeline and ensuring that it worked seamlessly with the existing application. ( Task ) I approached the task with enthusiasm and started coding immediately. However, I realized after a few days that my code was not working correctly, and I was unable to identify the source of the issue. Realizing my mistake, I reached out to my supervisor and explained the problem. He was able to help me debug the code and identify the issue. ( Action ) Unfortunately, because of the time it took to debug the code, we missed the deadline for the feature's launch. I learned that I should have approached the task more systematically, taking more time to plan and test my code before starting to code. ( Result )

3. Can you recall your first job? How did you learn the ropes and adapt to your new environment?

By asking this question, the interviewers want to know how you work with individuals who have different personalities, and how you motivate individuals to become personally invested in the job or project beyond just a paycheck. Their interest is in seeing how you cope with job-related challenges and learning from them.

My first job as a software developer was at a small software development company. I was fresh out of college and eager to apply my skills in a professional setting. (Situation) My task was to develop a new feature for an existing web application, which required me to learn the company's coding standards and work processes. (Task) To learn the ropes, I spent the first few days observing and asking questions about the company's coding practices and processes. I also familiarized myself with the codebase by reading the existing code. Once I had a good understanding of the company's work processes and coding standards, I started working on the new feature. I made sure to communicate regularly with my supervisor and colleagues, asking for feedback on my code and how I could improve it.  (Action) Through my hard work and dedication, I was able to complete the new feature on time and to the satisfaction of my supervisor and colleagues. (Result)

1. When was the last time you took charge and demonstrated initiative to manage a situation?

Interviewers ask this question to determine if you are a self-starter with a strong desire to innovate. Whether you put your best effort into something out of your own desire, not out of obligation.

Recently, I was working on a project that had a tight deadline. As we approached the deadline, we realized that there were some missing requirements that had not been addressed. ( Situation ) My task was to take charge of the situation and ensure that we could meet the deadline by addressing these missing requirements. ( Task ) I took the initiative to convene a meeting with the project team and stakeholders to discuss the missing requirements. During the meeting, I asked questions and took notes to ensure that everyone was on the same page. After the meeting, I identified the tasks that needed to be completed and assigned them to the team members. I made sure to provide regular updates to the stakeholders, keeping them informed of our progress. ( Action ) Through my proactive approach, we were able to address the missing requirements and meet the project deadline. The stakeholders were pleased with our work and appreciated our efforts to keep them informed. ( Result )

2. Tell us about a situation in which you used logic or data to make a recommendation.

Employers usually ask this question so they can assess your critical thinking skills, including your ability to handle unexpected obstacles. The hiring manager often values employees who are able to apply logic to determine the most appropriate course of action in various situations. You can demonstrate your problem-solving skills by providing concrete examples of how you could fit into an organization.

  Sample Answer

During my tenure in my previous organization, I analyzed datasets daily to research competitor strategies. ( Situation ) The monthly sales of significant competitors increased by 5% during a high-traffic month, which deviated substantially from our forecasts at the time. ( Task ) With updated market research and key historical data, I determined our competitor analytics model would produce more accurate forecasts going forward. ( Action ) With multiple tests of each adjustment, I was able to increase our forecast accuracy by 20%. ( Result )

3. When was the last time you set a goal and achieved it?

Specifically, the interviewer is trying to get a sense of your ambitions and initiative by asking this question. It is likely that the hiring manager is attempting to determine if you have the ability to achieve the goals you have set for yourself. It might be a good idea to emphasize your planning skills in an effort to show what you are capable of and distinguish yourself from other candidates.

As a software developer, I wanted to improve my skills in a specific programming language that I had only a basic knowledge of. (Situation) My task was to set a goal to improve my skills in this programming language and then achieve that goal through dedicated practice. (Task) To achieve my goal, I started by setting a specific and measurable target for my improvement. I then identified online resources and practice exercises that would help me achieve my goal. I dedicated a specific amount of time each day to practising my skills in the programming language, and I tracked my progress regularly to stay motivated. (Action) Through my dedication and consistent effort, I was able to achieve my goal and improve my skills in the programming language significantly. I felt a great sense of accomplishment and was proud of myself for achieving this goal. (Result)

4. Describe a time when you failed to meet a client's expectations. What steps did you take to deal with the situation?

Candidates are often challenged with this question since it forces them to talk about failure. Interviewers aren't just interested in how you failed; they are also interested in why you failed. Most of the time, the answer lies in the circumstances and the blame game that follows. Are you accountable for not meeting a deadline? Or is it all the fault of others? It is important to answer respectfully and not to be a part of the blame game.

At my current job, I have both a dotted line manager and a direct line manager to work with. As a result of an urgent firefighting request made by my dotted line manager, I had to interrupt my primary project in order to meet that request. ( Situation ) Although my direct line manager approved it, it put me behind my primary delivery deadline. I eventually resolved the firefighting issue and completed my primary project despite having been delayed for over a week, leading to frustration with this client. ( Task ) Upon discussing this with my direct line manager, we agreed to include contingency buffers in future projects to enable me to divert to the dotted line department if necessary. ( Action ) Also, I talked with my dotted line manager about the possibility of training someone else so that I wouldn't have to handle these kinds of situations on my own. ( Result )

1. Describe a situation in which you exceeded your duties for a job or task.

In asking this question, interviewers want to know that you will go the extra mile when possible, specifically in ways that will benefit them and their team. Further, this question shows interviewers whether or not you're motivated and if you simply settle for "good enough" rather than striving for greatness.

Having been promoted to a senior software developer in my last role, I was in charge of leading a major client's project. The client requested a particularly unique feature that would normally take a month to complete but I had to finish it in three weeks.  ( Situation ) Since it was my first project post-promotion, I agreed to complete this. Afterwards, I realized that it would take me a while to finish it and make it of high quality. ( Task) Right away, I contacted the client and requested an extension by providing a detailed presentation on why it would take longer., which they generously granted. With my extensive research and regular follow-ups, I was able to work with the team and make sure the wireframes were created for the website/app and finalized. ( Action ) The project was completed and delivered before the extended deadline. However, I learned to manage my time more efficiently and to never overpromise on something that I am unable to deliver. ( Result )

2. Is there any time you have been under a lot of pressure at work? What did you do in response?

Interviewers use this question to determine how you cope with various stressful workplace situations. This means you should emphasize your skills and use real-life examples to demonstrate your competence. 

Sample Answer-

During my previous job as a software developer, we had a tight deadline for a project that had to be delivered within a month. ( Situation )  As a part of the team, I was responsible for developing a complex module that required a lot of coding and debugging. ( Task ) To deal with the pressure, I broke down the project into smaller achievable tasks and created a schedule with daily and weekly goals. I worked on the most important and time-sensitive tasks first and then delegated some of the less critical tasks to junior developers in the team, which helped to reduce my workload. I also communicated regularly with my team leader to keep him informed about my progress and any potential issues that may arise. ( Action ) By managing my time effectively, I was able to complete the module on time and deliver it to the team leader for review. The team leader was impressed with my ability to work well under pressure, and the module received positive feedback from both the team leader and the client. ( Result )

3. Employees are sometimes overburdened by their employers. Have you ever felt overwhelmed by work? What did you do in this situation?

An interviewer uses this question to determine if you are capable of handling heavy workloads and high volumes. Your well-prepared answer would demonstrate your maturity and ability to work beyond your contracted hours when necessary. A prospective employer wants to know how you handle tough situations.

The latest version of our product, which was released last year, was incredibly buggy. ( Situation )  As a member of the front-line customer support team, the first two weeks after the release probably were one of the most challenging times for me. The line was always crowded with people waiting. In the course of the two weeks, you ended one call just to begin another, and I did not stop at all during that time. ( Task ) However, I knew that it was a temporary situation, that the engineering team was working hard to fix the bugs, and that a critical update was on its way. So, I patiently took part in supporting the clients along with coordinating with the engineering team regarding the release updates. ( Action ) The release with bug fixes happened exactly after 2 weeks and the customer support team survived the tough period, and things returned to normal afterwards. ( Result )

1. Steps to prepare your STAR interview response

• Make sure your response is relevant to the job description. Consider what skills and qualities are most important for the role and how they relate to your position, then choose stories that demonstrate these qualities.
• Pick a few examples that are both strong and versatile. Prepare a few stories you can tweak and adapt for different questions based on your experiences.
• To ensure your answer feels natural and comfortable, practice it in a mirror or mock interview before the interview.
• Embrace the opportunity to show how your contribution made a difference. Include the EXACT results of your actions, use numbers and data to support your claim, and mention what you learned from the experience.

To put it simply, behavioral interview questions are based on how you would likely behave if you were faced with a certain situation in the future. A behavioral interview, along with a coding test and a technical interview, will be used by the hiring manager to determine if your past performance can assist you in putting your best foot forward in your new role, as well as determining if you have what it takes to succeed there. 

A concise way of answering behavioral questions is through the STAR method. In short, the STAR method stands for Situation, Task, Action, Result, and it helps you create a story that's easy to follow and has a clear conflict and resolution. In sharing your stories, make sure you specify a situation, task, action, and result, and emphasize skills and abilities most relevant to the job. You may be asked to share non-work-related examples, so think about challenges you have overcome personally.

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1 Million +

19 Job Interview Tips to Make a Lasting Impression

How to get a call back and land a job by nailing your interview.

While landing a job interview is exciting, preparing for it can be stressful. To make the process smoother, we talked to tech and business professionals — from software engineers to recruiters — who shared insider tips on what to do before, during and after a job interview. Who knows? Their advice may just help you land your dream job . 

Job Interview Tips

• Research the company 
• Rehearse your interview answers
• Practice active listening   
• Ask the interviewer questions 
• Send a timely thank-you email
• Stay positive no matter the results 

More on Career Development How to Build a Career in Responsible Tech

Before the Job Interview

1. research the company and the position.

Before your interview, look for information on the company’s products, services, values, mission , management team, board members and recent company announcements. Those can be found on company blogs, white papers, news articles and podcasts.

“If you spend an hour or two reading these, it gives you an idea of who we are and it goes a long way to show you’re interested in us,” Dermot Williams, senior director of engineering at cybersecurity firm BeyondTrust, told Built In.

Reading company reviews on Glassdoor is another way to prepare for a job interview. That may offer information on what prospective and current employees have to say about job interview questions the company may ask.

Review a company’s website and social media posts. That may give you ideas of how you fit in or add to the company’s culture, team, core values, product or services direction, Leena Macwan, a principal recruiter at Zynga, told Built In.

2. Learn About Your Interviewer’s Background

If you know who is interviewing you, look up their LinkedIn profile , read their blogs and social media posts.

“Use that information as an ice breaker to start the conversation when you meet them,” senior Amazon AWS in-house recruiter Zafar Choudhury told Built In. “You can say, ‘I read you did a TED talk last year or I saw you did a cybersecurity presentation.’ Hiring managers love it because it shows you’ve done your due diligence and homework.”

Tap current or former employees of the company you’ll be interviewing with who are also your college alumni, advised Santina Pitcher, associate director of counseling and programs at the University of California at Berkeley. Ask to pick their brain for a few minutes to learn more about the company culture and what it’s like to work there. They also may be familiar with the people you will be interviewing with and can provide you with some insight to make a good impression.

3. Match the Job Description and Company’s Core Values to Your Skills and Traits

“You literally memorize a couple of bullet points from the  job description and match that to your experience, where you can connect it to a strong example that demonstrates that skill,” Rachel Amos, director of career services and employer relations at Carnegie Mellon University, told Built In. 

For example, a startup notes in its job description it’s looking for a software engineer who is comfortable working in an ambiguous environment with a lot of demanding deadlines. Let’s say you worked in that type of environment in your previous job and thrived. Point that out to the interviewer and provide data or information to back it up, such as you consistently turned in projects a day or two ahead of schedule as the scope of work evolved on a weekly basis.

4. Practice the Required Hard Skills

LeetCode and HackerRank were among the tools Bill Bruschi used to prepare for his job interview at Amazon, where he was hired as an AWS software development engineer. He said the examples used were very accurate to what they found in the coding tests he took.

“It’s important to think out loud so the interviewer can hear your thought process and you’re encouraged to ask questions,” Bruschi added. “You’re really working with the interviewer to solve the issue at hand.”

Zynga’s Macwan said it’s important to brush up on the fundamentals required for the specific position you seek and be able to demonstrate the depth and breadth of your skillset when solving coding questions .

5. Consume Relevant Resources

Amazon’s technical questions were mostly around algorithms and data structures, such as arrays, trees, string manipulation and graphs, according to Puneeth Nettekere Rangaswamy, who snagged a job at Amazon AWS as a software development engineer on his second attempt after upping his preparation efforts

“I had not done extensive preparation the first time I applied at Amazon,” he added. “But this time around, I specifically focused on data structures and algorithms and being able to apply them appropriately during the interviews.”

His  reading material included a  GitHub post , a  coding blog and watching coding  YouTube videos .

6. Rehearse Your Interview Answers

Find a friend, family member or colleague to do a mock job interview and rehearse answering questions on  why a company should hire you . And although it may not replicate the feeling of a real job interview, it’s better than nothing. “It’s good to have questions thrown at you and it forces you to quickly come up with an answer,” Amos said. 

Conducting a mock job interview provides an opportunity to receive feedback on your body language when answering questions, Pitcher said. Do you fold your arms across your chest, or avoid eye contact in an in-person mock interview? Or are you constantly looking down in a virtual mock interview, rather than looking into the camera at the interviewer?      

7. Find a Distraction-Free Environment

If your interview is virtual , scope out a location that is quiet and without distractions. And test your microphone, webcam and internet connection before the interview to ensure all are in working order. 

8. Make Copies of Your Resume

Print two or three extra copies of your resume to bring to the interview if you’re going in person.

“I’ve seen this happen on multiple occasions where the interviewer may suddenly want to loop in someone else for a second opinion,” Choudhury said. “Wouldn’t it make you look more professional to pull a second resume from your folder and give it to us? That makes you look prepared and ahead of the game. These are leadership things we look for.”

9. Select Your Interview Outfit the Night Before

In-person interviews call for a  neat and clean appearance that is business casual and not a three-piece suit, nor blue jeans and a T-shirt, Amos said. 

A similar wardrobe should also be planned for a Zoom interview, as well, she added.

During the Job Interview

10. practice active listening and watch your body language.

Engage in active listening when responding to an interviewer’s questions. 

“I’ve had cases where I asked a question and the candidate will go on to a whole other place I didn’t ask about,” Pitcher said. “In my head, I’m thinking maybe they just pivoted because they had no idea how to answer the question or, on the flip side, they weren’t listening.”

Choudhury suggested mirroring your interviewer’s body language and tone to make them more comfortable. If an interviewer has a high energy level, ramp up yours. If an interviewer leans back when talking, do the same. Mimicking their behavior makes you more appealing as a candidate and is also an  effective communication tool .

11. Have Answers Ready for Difficult Interview Questions

When it comes to questions you will be asked during your job interview, these five questions tend to carry a lot of weight:

• What are you most curious about?
• Could you share a recent project you accomplished with your team? 
• How do you usually react to setbacks?
• How do you manage and prioritize your day?
• In your last project, what was the one thing that you were most proud of, and what was the biggest challenge? 

“We want to understand how a candidate works and if their style aligns with our values and principles,” Bryan Powell, senior vice president of talent acquisition for Twilio, told Built In. “Questions that get to the heart of their ability to be an owner, their curiosity, and how they approach building and problem solving are important to us.”

12. Remember How to Answer “What’s Your Greatest Weakness?”

Questions around your weaknesses are not meant to uncover your shortcomings, but rather to learn what you are doing to overcome them, or ways your prospective employer can support you to address them. 

So, rather than give a response that clearly is not meant as a weakness, such as, ‘I work too hard’ or ‘I have a hard time saying no,’ be forthright with the interviewer but offer perspective.

Pitcher, for example, considers herself an introvert and previously viewed it as a negative trait. However, she has since learned to present it as a positive trait. “I’ve found in my previous job it was really helpful because I worked with teams and was able to be a really good listener,” she said.

13. Avoid Bad-Mouthing Former Employers

“Never throw people under the bus and always compliment your team,” Choudhury said. “If you blame your team members or colleagues that you had to pick up the slack because they were late, I don’t care how technical you are or how senior your title is, your interview will go south so fast it’ll make your head spin.”

Prospective employers fear that if you’re willing to cast blame on your current or former teammates, what will you say about them should they hire you.

14. Ask the Interviewer Questions

“When a candidate has no questions, I’m done. They may seem great on paper and have even had great conversations, but if they have no questions — and I’ve seen this many times — it says they’re not curious,” Marvin Lopez, director of student programs for the University of California at Berkeley’s engineering student services department, told Built in. “It tells me they haven’t thought about the organization, haven’t thought about the position, they’re just going to come in and do what they’re told.”

Below are a few good questions to ask the interviewer :

• What are the day-to-day responsibilities of this role?
• What are some traits that a candidate needs in order to be successful on this team?
• Can you tell me about the team’s culture?
• Can you tell me about this specific company value?
• How do employees live these values at work?
• How does the company recognize these values?

15. End the Interview by Asking for Next Steps

Ask the interviewer how soon the company anticipates hiring for the position, rather than putting them on the spot by asking “What’s the next step?” Choudhury said.

Also, never ask the hiring manager or interviewer “So, how’d I do?” Lopez said. “They likely won’t answer that question and you don’t want to put them in an uncomfortable position.”

More on Career Development How to Ask for a Raise (and What to Say)

After the Job Interview

16. send a thank-you email within 24 hours.

The thank you note or  email should include specific information about the topics you discussed in the interview, such as system design or data structures, Choudhury said. 

“Instead of a general thank you note like ‘Thank you for your time, I appreciated it,’ talk specifics,” he said. “That will have more psychological impact towards the decision they are about to make.”

17. Follow Up If You Don’t Hear Back

After a week or two has passed since your interview and still no word on your status, follow up with the company’s recruiter or the person who arranged the interviews, Macwan said.

You can forward an article or industry-related report in the thank you email, noting you thought they might enjoy reading the materials and inquire about the timing when the company expected to fill the position, Choudhury said.

Career experts say it’s usually fine to follow up two or three times on your status, but after three follow-up attempts it’s better to move on.

18. Ask What You Can Do Better Next Time

If you receive a formal letter stating you were not selected for the position and you really want to work at this company in the future, inquire about ways you can improve your candidacy the next time around.

That will likely get you further than asking questions about why you weren’t selected. Companies hesitate to respond to such questions because of liability concerns. 

There are exceptions, of course.

“If you follow up with the recruiter, they might be able to share some high-level feedback,” Macwan said. “For candidates who are further along in the process and have established communication with the recruiter, we are open with them on where they stand throughout the process and why they might not be a fit for the role.”

19. Keep a Positive Attitude

Rebounding after losing the position to someone else is never easy but it’s good to keep a positive attitude , nonetheless.

“Sometimes the rejection reasons might not be related to the candidates’ competency,” Macwan said. “For example, there might be a role mismatch, two strong candidates for one role, the position may get closed. In such cases, the candidate can work with the recruiter to identify other roles.”

Frequently Asked Questions

What are tips for a successful interview.

A few tips for a successful interview include conducting thorough research on a company before the interview, asking the interviewer thoughtful questions and sending a thank-you email within 24 hours after the interview.

What are the five C's of interviewing?

The five C’s of interviewing are competence, character, communication skills, culture fit and career direction.

Recent Career Development Articles

“Beyond Physics.” How Google Pushes Phone Photography Past Its Limits.

We visited Google’s top-secret Pixel design studio to talk to Isaac Reynolds, the man in charge of building cameras for Pixel devices.

Take your pick of any flagship phone — iPhone , Samsung Galaxy , Google Pixel , hell, even OnePlus or Xiaomi — and it will have a great camera. Not just one great camera, but a system of lenses (on the back and front) capable of taking excellent ultra-wide shots, portrait-style photos of people and pets, macro close-ups, zoomed-in pics, incredible night images, and steady and stabilized high-resolution videos.

But smartphones didn’t always have such versatile cameras.

Smartphone photography and videography in the early days of the iPhone and, especially Android phones, were pretty rough. Phone cameras took low-res photos, couldn’t shoot in the dark, and it was still better to carry a point-and-shoot or DSLR for videos that didn’t look like potato quality.

Very quickly, however, the iPhone’s camera pulled ahead of every other smartphone, as social media apps encouraged everyone to capture more, and all the time. By 2009, two years after the iPhone launched, its camera rocketed to become the most popular camera on Flickr , blowing past popular Canon and Nikon DSLRs of the time. The iPhone’s closed platform (made and controlled by Apple, compared to Android’s open source and more diverse array of phones built by dozens of companies) meant each year-over-year model easily built on the previous one. Cameras on Android phones were basically the Wild West — the digital eye felt like it only mattered after displays, processing power, battery life, and design were prioritized.

But that would start to change on April 16, 2014 when Google made the Google Camera app available on the Play Store and inadvertently showed Android phone makers how to make a great camera for their touchscreen slabs.

“We never saw Apple talk about computational photography until after Google Cam.”

To Isaac Reynolds, the Group Product Manager for Google’s Pixel Camera, the release of the Google Camera app 10 years ago holds little significance to his work on bringing new camera features to new Pixel phones. Distributing the app was simply a few clicks on a computer. The work of building the best phone camera, one that could go beyond simulating over 50 years worth of sensor capabilities and image processing in traditional single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras, had already begun years earlier under Marc Levoy . The former Distinguished Google Engineer helped pioneer many of the computational photography techniques (the use of software to augment camera sensors and lenses to enable capture capabilities not possible with hardware alone) we see in our phones today when he and his team worked on image fusion for Google Glass and Google Nexus phones.

“I don’t remember [Google Camera] making waves across Android,” Reynolds tells Inverse during a sit-down interview at Google’s main headquarters in Mountain View, California in late March. “It was showing the world through our own phones, our own code, and our launches on our devices, what computational photography could do. We see a lot of meaning in this concept of small cameras, constrained environment, and ‘Let's use software to make up the difference.’”

Isaac Reynolds, Group Product Manager for Google’s Pixel Camera, is the guy in charge of what new camera features make it into Pixel phones, tablets, and other devices.

From the inside, the Google Camera app might not have meant anything to Reynolds, but for the people who suffered with the lackluster cameras on Android phones, it was a savior of sorts. Installing the Google Camera app allowed Android owners in those days to get not just a prettier-designed app, but photos and video quality that were objectively better than what came installed on their devices.

“It was the first time we saw phone camera sensors were really being held back by software and how this one app could make a phone’s camera better,” says Max Weinbach, a technology analyst at the research firm Creative Strategies. “It was a big deal. For example, Samsung’s camera processing wasn’t great, but with Google Camera’s image fusion HDR+ processing, you could make the camera take better photos than anyone thought it was ever going to be. We never saw Apple talk about computational photography until after Google Cam. We never saw Samsung do it. No one realized until Google did it, but the community saw it.”

Ten years after the release of the Google Camera app in the Play Store, the impact that it had on the whole phone industry continues to be felt with every new smartphone. But computational photography, once a novel feature for phone camera excellence, is now a staple. Have we again reached a point of diminishing returns? Or will artificial intelligence and the shift from camera capture to creation take phone cameras to another level?

To find out, I went deep into Google’s strongly secured Pixel design lab to uncover how the company pushed smartphone photography past its limits, and how it hopes to do it all over again.

The Power of Software

Reynolds says he’s got a long roadmap of camera features they’re considering for future Pixel devices.

Whether or not the release of the Google Camera app was really the catalyst that nudged Android phone makers to build better camera apps, it’s evident a decade later that the app revolutionized smartphone cameras. It wasn’t until Google bet its own-designed phones (the Nexus and then the Pixel) on computational photography that we saw major leaps in stills and videos.

Reynolds, who started at Google in 2014 and joined the Pixel Camera team in 2015, is a phone, camera, and photography nerd. When we met up in person, he immediately dove into camera geek-speak — a language I’m quite fluent in. “I got into tech, never thinking I would get to work on phones, let alone cameras.” He’s helped lead the design of the Pixel camera since before the original Pixel phone, and now runs a product management team that builds 14 to 15 cameras across the entire Pixel devices lineup (phones, tablets , and Chromebooks).

“We might now at this point be [buying] smart cameras that have phones attached.”

“There was a time when we were buying smartphones that had cameras on them,” Reynolds says. “I’m not sure that’s true anymore. I think by usage and how much time you spend using it, we might now at this point be [buying] smart cameras that have phones attached.”

Watch any keynote or read any press release announcing a new phone, and the cameras are typically the most detailed section. Phone makers tout more resolution (megapixels), larger sensors that can capture more light, additional lenses such as ultra-wides and telephotos ( sometimes multiple ones for extra zoom ), more advanced optical image stabilization modules, etc. New hardware components can aid in taking better-looking photos and videos by sheer brute force, but that’s not where Reynolds and his team think smartphone cameras should evolve towards. The reason why he loves working on phone cameras is because, at Google, they marry hardware and software techniques to go “beyond physics,” a motto that he borrowed from another Pixel team.

Google started incorporating computational photography in its Nexus phones, but it wasn’t until the launch of the original Pixel that the impact was felt across the phone industry.

“We’re not trying to build a simulation,” Reynolds says, describing other phone cameras that rely mostly or solely on hardware to produce photos and videos. “If we’re trying to build a simulation, the best way to do that is to stick a piece of hardware in [a phone] because it comes with all of the tradeoffs. We said we don’t want those tradeoffs; we want to build something different; we don’t want to be stuck with the simulation; we want to go beyond the physics. And a lot of those solutions ended up making more sense in [combining] hardware with software.”

He points to portrait mode on Pixel phones as an example of how they’re not building a simulation of a camera lens. Whereas Apple has told me in the past how the bokeh (aka, how shallow the background is blurred) for the iPhone’s portrait mode honors traditional camera lenses by simulating how the blur looks based on equivalent SLR lens focal length, Reynolds confirms to me what everyone has suspected all along: The bokeh for Pixel portrait photos is supposed to look the way it does, like the Gaussian blur effect you can apply to images in an image editor like Photoshop. “It’s not perfect so we built it better. We built it without the limitations of a real lens.” How you feel about that is a matter of preference.

“We’re not trying to build a simulation.”

“Beyond physics means having all these capabilities with none of the weird quirks [of camera hardware alone],” he says, reminding me that a Pixel camera feature like Action Pan is a one-button-press to capture a photo with a motion blur effect for a moving object such as a car. “If you’re just focused on the things that were solvable in hardware 50 years ago, you’re not going to build the next innovation. We're big on research, innovation, and technology, and solving customer problems and being helpful. We want to make things that act like they should, like people want them to, not like people have learned to tolerate [in cameras].”

This Google Pixel 6 photo taken with its Action Pan camera feature makes Inverse senior editor James Pero look as if he was going really fast, when in reality he was scooting along slowly.

There’s no debate that Google has left an everlasting mark on mobile cameras and helped advance the documentation of our lives — our memories — forward. The list of phone camera innovations is long. Highlights that have been copied by virtually every phone include HDR+ (a technique that merges multiple images into one shot that correctly exposes the bright and the dark areas), Super Res Zoom (a method for upscaling details in zoomed-in photos in lieu of having a physical telephoto zoom lens), and Night Sight (a ground-breaking mode that made it possible to capture low-light and night photos with visible detail).

“Night Sight was an absolute game-changer and it took folks years to even have an attempt at following it up,” Reynolds says. “I don’t think anyone’s matched the drama — the night to day — and vibrant colors because no one is willing to saturate their colors. You only saturate colors, if you're confident that your colors are correct. If you ever see a desaturated low-light photo, it’s an intentional choice because [the phone maker] is afraid their colors are wrong. We love the vibrancy because it demonstrates how capable that software package is.”

The Pixel 4 (left) and Pixel 5 (right) added ultra-wide lenses to the rear.

Google gets credit for popularizing night modes in phones, but it was actually Huawei that was the first to put night mode on a phone with the P20 Pro (before it was crippled by U.S. sanctions for a few years).

“Night Sight was built on Huawei work,” Myriam Joire, a former Engadget technology blogger tells Inverse . “Huawei did not get the first computational stuff, that was Google, but from then on [after Night Sight], they saw what Google was doing and were on it.”

Even the iPhone has leaned more into software to compensate for the compromises of physical lenses and camera sensors. Whereas portrait mode was originally exclusive to the iPhone 7 Plus and its dual-rear camera lenses, later iPhones including the iPhone XR and iPhone SE were endowed with portrait mode even with a single lens.

Leveraging software to handle some of the jobs of hardware also has another benefit. “Software let Google keep costs down for a while,” says Weinbach, who extensively tests a range of smartphones available globally from budget to mid-range to premium to evaluate their value.

“We wanted to build a phone that was the best smartphone camera, but we knew we could do it at a better value,” Reynolds says. “[With software] we could do things on a $500 to $600 phone that folks couldn’t do on an $800 or $900 phone. That was an amazing achievement and that was because we blended hardware and software and AI. We could offer a ton at that price point.”

Solving Real Camera and Photography Problems

The camera sensors are important and will improve over time, but Reynolds believes a “beyond physics” approach that marries hardware with intelligent software processing is the only way to advance cameras.

If software is the solution to filling in trade-offs that phone cameras have, what kind of camera-related problems do customers need solving? What’s left to improve now that photos and videos have reached an apex in terms of good enough quality for sharing either on social media or in full resolution? Has computational photography plateaued? As smartphones start to fill up with artificial intelligence features — be it generative or background-based machine learning — what is next for phone cameras other than incremental improvements to picture sharpness, dynamic range, low-light photography, and the like? Naturally, as a data-driven company, Google follows the data.

“We let the customers decide. We do an amazing amount of studies to figure out what they want in a camera,” Reynolds says. “I always have a stack rank of global research with a high number of respondents to help us understand what are the problems we’re solving.”

He says features like Magic Eraser, which uses AI to help delete photobombers or background distractions, came out of solving the problem of people sending their pictures to somebody they knew who could Photoshop them out. Rather than people spending time buying tools or watching YouTube videos on how to edit a photo, the Pixel team built those tools into Google phones and made them simpler and faster to figure out.

“Like zoom, low-light, dynamic range, sharpness, blur is one of those foundational issues [that everyone has],” Reynolds says. That’s why his team created Photo Unblur, a feature introduced on the Pixel 7 that can essentially turn a blurry photo that was perhaps the result of shaky hands or the subject moving (like children or animals) and make it sharper. “We want to build amazing technologies to solve problems. You don’t build amazing technologies by thinking incrementally. You have to think bigger and [take] big swings and big misses. You have to get comfortable with that.”

Solving these customer-requested camera pain points goes back to the philosophies of “beyond physics,” and not creating a simulation of a traditional SLR camera is what guides Reynolds and his team.

“If you’re just building an SLR, you’re never going to build Best Take and that’s a tragedy — that’s such a missed opportunity,” Reynolds says, referencing a newer Pixel feature that combines the smiling faces of multiple shots into one perfect photo. “Someone who is just keeping their blinders on would not build the best phone. We’re not really competing with SLRs. We’re competing with an entire workflow.”

AI and the Shift From Camera Capture to Creation

The Google Pixel 6 (left) was the beginning of a shift from what Reynolds calls camera creation to camera creation, with a greater focus on editing features.

I would be lying if I said I wasn’t a little bit concerned with how phone makers like Google are challenging the very idea of what a photo is . Is a photo a realistic snapshot of time captured by a bunch of camera sensor photosites when the aperture of a lens opens up to let light hit it and then record that data as an image? Or is a photo supposed to represent how you remember that moment?

For example, let’s use Best Take . That final shot of a bunch of faces all perfectly smiling — no closed eyes or glances away from the camera — is how you remember the moment, but it might not have been what actually happened. Are we going down a slippery slope of creating false memories, especially as we get new AI-powered features like Best Take or Magic Editor , which go beyond erasing things with Magic Eraser ? Google’s AI editing features straight up let you basically Photoshop an image by doing stuff like replacing the sky, or adding objects, or reframing subjects, or expanding what was actually captured.

It’s already somewhat of a philosophical question when we buy a particular phone because of the way its camera processes photos and video. On Pixel phones, the “dramatic look” with dark and contrasty shadows is by design because it’s “distinct and cool and fresh” compared to the look of captured content on iPhones and Samsung Galaxy phones, says Reynolds. That look will change over time with cultural trends, and Google has dialed back some of the dramatic aesthetic in favor of more highlights, but it’s still not a lifelike portrayal of reality.

“Your memories are your reality. What’s more real than your memory of it? If I showed you a photo that didn't match your memory, you’d say it wasn’t real.”

“[ Starting with Pixel 6 ] you started to see a shift from image processing to image creation, image generation,” he says. “It’s a shift from, ‘Let’s make images less noisy and sharper to let’s recreate your memories’ because your memories are different from reality, and that’s okay. That’s a perception and human thing. Let’s build for humans.”

When I note the difference between capturing reality and memories, Reynolds defends camera creation versus capture. “Your memories are your reality. What’s more real than your memory of it? If I showed you a photo that didn't match your memory, you’d say it wasn’t real.”

I’m not saying Reynolds is wrong, but it’s a matter of where you stand on capture versus creation. He makes a good point that AI and the many generative capabilities it brings is a way to democratize editing for the average person.

“Back then, people were using edits to cover up bad cameras,” Reynolds says. “These days all phones — a basic picture at a bright window and a low-contrast scene — they all look pretty good. Now, people see editing as part of their creative process, how to make a mark. That's why we’re also going into editors because we recognize that putting it all directly in cameras is not ideal anymore. People want to be able to press the button themselves afterward to make their own decision, not because they'd be unsatisfied with having it straight out of camera, but because they're putting more of their life and their soul into it.”

In addition to testing a range of smartphone cameras, Weinbach, who has been tracking the advances in AI models and their applications across consumer products, is less convinced that AI-assisted editing and creation will have lasting appeal for phone cameras. “I don't think this generative AI ‘painting’ that we’re seeing with photos is really going to be a huge deal. It’s gonna be like the edit app on your phone. What else is inside that? It’s just making editing a little bit easier.”

“Computational photography is not dead.”

Even if new phones will be sold as having all kinds of new AI camera features , Reynolds gently claps back when I ask whether he thinks smartphone cameras and computational photography have peaked.

“Computational photography is not dead,” he says citing Zoom Enhance, a coming-soon feature for the Pixel 8 Pro that uses AI to enhance details in a photo when it’s zoomed-in on just like in an episode of CSI ; and Video Boost, another exclusive feature for Pixel 8 Pro that uses AI and cloud processing to brighten videos after they’ve been recorded. “As the world advances, we want to bring those advances back to you.”

Before Pixel phones are assembled into the bar-shaped slab in your pocket, the Pixel Camera team tests camera sensors like this. Various camera sensor daughterboards can be connected to the rest of the Pixel phone motherboard for quick imaging tests.

Having reviewed virtually every top-tier phone camera for over a decade, Joire echoes Reynolds’ view that computational photography still has a bright future ahead. Somehow, it always comes back to portrait mode. “Now we can machine learn and understand what’s in the background like cars and stuff, and teach the computer to get the edges around people perfectly.” Joire also suggests we could see new phones with even more camera lenses, similar to the ill-fated Light L16 phone that had 16 phone camera lenses and sensors mounted into its phone-like design and touted computational photography as a way to combine the images from all of them into a super photo of sorts with a focus point that could also be fully adjustable after capture. The L16 failed because chip performance was not as advanced in 2017 as it is in today’s phones, but it’s possible another company could roll the dice on that idea again.

There’s also a lot more non-computational photography work that can be made for phone cameras. Real Tone , an image processing feature introduced on the Pixel 6 that captures more accurate skin tones, especially for people of color, was a first step, but Reynolds says there’s more that can be done in terms of cameras showing healthier perceptions of ourselves.

“We have a responsibility to be a better mirror.”

“I know how much a photo on camera can affect how you think about yourself, how you see yourself. People don’t understand what they look like based on a mirror anymore. Nowadays, they understand what they look like based on the photos that they can share on Instagram or other social apps. We have a responsibility to be a better mirror. Authenticity and representation, and building with the community are super, super important when you have that level of power over a person. There are directions that we can go in the future that’s helping people have healthier views of themselves, but that’ll be a different thing [from Real Tone] which is about a real view.”

I am fully supportive of more inclusivity for phone cameras, but you have to admit there is some irony in the Pixel Camera team tackling the responsibility of making skin tones more true to life for a “real view” while at the same time promoting generative AI camera and editing features that alter reality to how you want to remember the moment.

Google believes AI will enable all types of new camera features in future Pixel phones and tablets and we’re only at the starting line.

Nearing the end of our interview, Reynolds wants to make clear that “AI is not a goal, it’s a means to an end” and his Pixel Camera team are using it to solve the “foundational problems” that people are having with their phone cameras. Right now, that means giving people editing capabilities in an easy-to-use way. But what he really wants to solve for, and hopes maybe AI could one day be able to figure out, is “timing.”

“There does not exist a moment in time or it is hard to create a moment in time that looks like what you wanted,” he says. “When you’re building a simulation, your gold standard is that you’ve captured the moment in time that no one wanted. That’s a limitation. We would rather produce the moment in time that you wanted and remembered and was real.”

Today, the Google Camera app ( renamed to Pixel Camera last fall ) is no longer installable on any non-Pixel phone. It’s available in the Google Play Store as an app that can be updated with features by the Pixel Camera team for Google’s phones. There are a number of good reasons for this — mainly because the camera app is optimized for Google’s homegrown Tensor chips used in its Pixel devices and not for the Qualcomm Snapdragon, MediaTek, or other chipsets used by other Android phones. That loss may have no effect on Reynolds and his team working on improving the cameras on existing Pixel devices and on future, unannounced hardware, but for the Android community, it’s the end of an era. There’s still a niche mod scene that continues to hack past Google Camera app releases to work with non-Pixel phones, but the reality is most phone cameras have caught up or surpassed Google on computational photography.

Inadvertently, the Google Camera forced Android phone makers to invest more into making great cameras — and it worked.

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AI Prompt Engineering Isn’t the Future

• Oguz A. Acar

Asking the perfect question is less important than really understanding the problem you’re trying to solve.

Despite the buzz surrounding it, the prominence of prompt engineering may be fleeting. A more enduring and adaptable skill will keep enabling us to harness the potential of generative AI? It is called problem formulation — the ability to identify, analyze, and delineate problems.

Prompt engineering has taken the generative AI world by storm. The job, which entails optimizing textual input to effectively communicate with large language models, has been hailed by World Economic Forum as the number one “job of the future” while Open AI CEO Sam Altman characterized it as an “amazingly high-leveraged skill.” Social media brims with a new wave of influencers showcasing “magic prompts” and pledging amazing outcomes.

• Oguz A. Acar is a Chair in Marketing at King’s Business School, King’s College London.

Partner Center

Bridging the labor mismatch in US construction

The US construction sector seems set for a jobs boom. The US Bipartisan Infrastructure Law  projects $550 billion of new infrastructure investment over the next decade, which our modeling suggests could create 3.2 million new jobs across the nonresidential construction value chain. That’s approximately a 30 percent increase in the overall US nonresidential construction workforce, which would mean 300,000 to 600,000 new workers entering the sector—every year.

This is a big ask for an industry that is already struggling to find the people it needs. In October 2021, 402,000 construction positions 1 Included both nonresidential and residential construction openings. Further granularity is not available from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. remained unfilled at the end of the month, the second-highest level recorded since data collection began in December 2000.

In this environment, wages have already increased significantly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting intense competition for employees, with employers offering higher pay or other nonwage benefits. Between December 2019 and 2021, construction wages grew by 7.9 percent. 2 Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Competition from other sectors for the same pool of labor is heating up, too. For example, over the same period, transportation and warehousing wages grew by 12.6 percent. The prospect of higher pay and better working conditions is already tempting experienced workers away from construction and into these and other sectors.

No end in sight

Today’s mismatches are likely to persist because of structural shifts in the labor market. The relationship between job openings and unemployment has departed from historical trends. In January 2022—two years from the start of the pandemic—the US unemployment rate stood at 4.0 percent, close to its prepandemic level of 3.5 percent. Job openings remained exceptionally high, however, with 10.9 million unfilled positions as of the end of December 2021, compared with 5.9 million in December 2019.

This labor supply imbalance has multiple root causes, some shorter term and cyclical while others are more structural in nature. For example, the pandemic brought forward the retirements of many in the baby-boomer generation, with an estimated 3.2 million leaving the workforce in 2020—over a million more than in any year before 2016. According to the American Opportunity Survey , among those who are unemployed, concerns about physical health, mental health, and lack of childcare remain the dominant impediments preventing reentry into the workforce. Research on the “Great Attrition/Great Attraction”  also highlights the importance of nonwage components of the employee value proposition. Record job openings and quit rates highlight employees’ growing emphasis on feeling valued by their organization, supportive management, and flexibility and autonomy at work.

Additionally, the pipeline of new construction workers is not flowing as freely as it once did. Training programs have been slow to restart operations after pandemic-driven safety concerns led to their suspension the spring of 2020. The industry is finding it more difficult to attract the international workforce that has been an important source of talent for engineering, design, and contracting activities. Net migration has been falling since 2016, a trend accelerated by COVID-19 travel restrictions. 3 Population estimates, US Census Bureau. Between 2016 and 2021, net migration declined steadily from 1.06 million to 244,000.

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Impact on projects.

The interconnected nature of the construction value chain means that the labor mismatch generates knock-on effects across the project life cycle and supply chain. By late 2021, project owners were reporting that up to 25 percent of material deliveries to sites were either late or incomplete. In project execution, the combination of higher hourly rates, premiums and incentives, and overtime payments was resulting in overall labor costs as much as double prepandemic levels. Meanwhile, difficulty accessing skilled and experienced people was leading some owners to report project delays related to issues around the quality and productivity of on-site work.

In some US cities and their suburbs, wage growth has surpassed the level seen in core Gulf Coast counties at the height of the shale oil boom. Labor shortages in the shale sector drove wages up by 5 to 10 percent and were correlated with steep drops in productivity. The productivity of some tasks fell by 40 percent or more during shale construction peaks (exhibit), and overall productivity declined by about 40 percent per year when labor was in short supply. This forced owners to extend project timelines by 20 to 25 percent. The impact of a long-term, nationwide labor mismatch might be even more severe than the shale industry’s experience, given that oil companies were able to attract new workers from around the country.

Getting back into balance

The labor mismatch in the construction sector is bad today, and set to get worse. To avoid a decade or more of rising costs, falling productivity, and ever-increasing project delays, companies in the industry should consider thoughtful actions now.

Those actions could address three components of the challenge. First, companies could do everything possible to maximize productivity through measures aimed at improving efficiency across the value chain. Second, they could expand the pool of available labor by doubling down on accessing diverse talent and working harder to retain the employees already in their organization. Finally, they could consider making labor a strategic priority, with senior leadership attention within companies.

Improving construction productivity

Companies could access a range of levers to reduce the labor content required per job and drive to improve productivity in project development and delivery. Those levers involve changes to project designs and fresh thinking about when, where, and how work is done.

Improvements in productivity occur long before work starts on the ground. They include rigorous control of project scope, design simplification, and standardization. Increasing the use of off-site and modular construction , for example, could allow projects to capture multiple benefits, including accelerated design cycles; the greater productivity associated with industrialized, factory floor manufacturing techniques; automation; and less time spent on site.

Smarter execution management, enabled by digital technologies and analytics techniques could drive better, faster decision making during project delivery. Real-time data collection, for example, gives project managers earlier, more detailed insights about progress, allowing them to intervene more effectively to maintain productivity and keep projects on track. Intelligent simulation software allows teams to evaluate hundreds of thousands of possible critical paths, identifying approaches that could be more efficient or less risky than the conventional wisdom.

Lean construction is another proven way to drive significant and sustainable productivity improvements. Establishing a centralized, continuous improvement engine could enhance on-site execution through integrated planning, performance management, and waste elimination. Key stakeholders across the project work with a common, agreed set of key performance indicators. That allows them to address issues in real time and facilitates collaboration to reduce waste and variability work. Capability building across the planning and construction teams could help team members understand and adopt lean construction practices.

Here comes the 21st century’s first big investment wave. Is your capital strategy ready?

Reimagining talent.

To ensure access to the skills they need, construction sector companies can accelerate the onboarding of recruits, boost retention by revisiting what employees want beyond wages, and invest more in developing their pipelines of future workers.

In the near term, employers could prioritize review of job applications and reduce the number of steps in both the interview and onboarding process. In the medium term, both the public and private sectors could look to reduce hiring timelines and shift to a skills-based approach when hiring.

In the medium term, retaining current staff and attracting new talent will both turn on understanding of what employees value beyond wages. Competitive wages are now table stakes, so employees are thinking about a broader set of benefits and workplace characteristics when making decisions about where to work. Research on attrition in the postpandemic workplace  has shown that they are placing more emphasis on autonomy, flexibility, support, and upward mobility.

In the longer term, the construction industry can consider a new approach to talent attraction, development, and retention. Talent acquisition could begin early, through partnerships with educational institutions including universities, colleges, and high schools. These partnerships could boost awareness of the possibilities of a career in the sector and ensure future employees have appropriate skills prior to onboarding.

Companies could also look more widely for potential recruits, considering individuals who have taken alternative educational paths, such as technical degrees or hands-on experience. The Rework America Alliance , a Markle-led coalition in which McKinsey is a partner, illustrates the importance of skills-based, rather than credential-based, hiring. A skills-based perspective  is key to tapping into the talents of the 106 million workers who have built capabilities through experience but whose talents are often unrecognized because they don’t have a four-year college degree. A skills-based approach could be complemented by reimagining apprenticeships to bring younger students and vocational talent into the industry at an earlier stage in their careers.

Employers could consider working with a range of nontraditional sources of talent, including veteran-transition programs, formerly incarcerated individuals, and others. Homeboy Industries provides an example of the local impact, effectiveness, and potential of working with often overlooked population segments. Moreover, identifying and attracting talent from outside the traditional paths used by the construction industry could also help it to increase the diversity of its workforce. Today, 88 percent of the sector’s workforce is White and 89 percent is male. 4 Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey Database, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, accessed March 10, 2022.

Looking at labor through a strategic lens

Labor and skills shortages have the potential to slow growth and erode profitability across the construction value chain. For C-suites, there’s no other single issue that could protect against significant cost erosion. Companies could consider establishing a systematic talent acquisition and retention program, led by a C-level executive and a core part of the CEO agenda. That program could first be tasked with building a robust fact base on current and emerging labor needs and availability gaps. It could then identify a bold set of initiatives that address labor-related issues across the value chain. This exercise starts in the boardroom, but it doesn’t stop there. Leadership will likely need to be increasingly present in the field and on the job site too, celebrating and recognizing top talent throughout the organization.

The labor challenge extends well beyond corporate boundaries. Since the successful delivery of a project could be jeopardized by labor shortages in a single value-chain participant, project owners and contractors may want to adapt the structure of project relationships and contracts. Moving away from traditional contracting methods to collaborative contracts , for example, allows participants to share market risks and opportunities as a project evolves, rather than baking in worst-case estimates at the outset of negotiations.

The US construction sector is poised to revitalize, replace, and expand the country’s infrastructure. Done right, that will power inclusive growth and set up the economy for success in the 21st century. To do so, the sector will need to address its labor challenges. That calls for the application of a diverse set of tools and approaches to create better jobs, get the most out of its people, and optimize agility and collaboration across the value chain.

Garo Hovnanian is a partner in McKinsey’s Philadelphia office, Ryan Luby is a senior knowledge expert in the New York office, and Shannon Peloquin is a partner in the Bay Area office.

The authors wish to thank Tim Bacon, Luis Campos, Roberto Charron, Justin Dahl, Rebecca de Sa, Bonnie Dowling, Bryan Hancock, Rawad Hasrouni, Adi Kumar, Jonathan Law, Michael Neary, Nikhil Patel, Gaby Pierre, Jose Maria Quiros, Kurt Schoeffler, Shubham Singhal, Stephanie Stefanski, Jennifer Volz, and Jonathan Ward for their contributions to this article.

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