how to write a research paper on serial killers

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• v.27(1); 2020

A Behaviour Sequence Analysis of Serial Killers’ Lives: From Childhood Abuse to Methods of Murder

Abbie jean marono.

a Psychology Department, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK;

b University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;

Enzo Yaksic

c Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

David Adam Keatley

The aim of the current research was to provide a new method for mapping the developmental sequences of serial killers’ life histories. The role of early childhood abuse, leading to types of serial murder and behaviours involved in the murders, was analysed using Behaviour Sequence Analysis. A large database ( n  = 233) of male serial killers with known childhood abuse (physical, sexual, or psychological) was analysed according to typologies and crime scene behaviours. Behaviour Sequence Analysis was used to show significant links between behaviours and events across their lifetime. Sexual, physical, and psychological abuse often led to distinct crime scene behaviours. The results provide individual accounts of abuse types and behaviours. The present research highlights the importance of childhood abuse as a risk factor for serial killers’ behaviours, and provides a novel and important advance in profiling serial killers and understanding the sequential progression of their life histories.

Homicide is legally defined as the killing of another person. Homicide is an all-inclusive term, and there are different subcategories of homicide, such as murder, multicide, and manslaughter. Serial homicide, as defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, is “the unlawful killing of two or more victims in separate events.” Serial homicide is an intentional, premeditated act, not a crime carried out on impulse or in response to a perceived provocation or threat (Reid, 2016 ). Athrough it is form of multicide, serial homicide is not to be confused with mass murder, which is defined as four or more murders that occur in one event, with no distinctive time lapse between them, or spree-killing, which is any murder that occurs at two or more locations with no emotional cooling-off period between (Douglas et al., 1992 ).

Advances in computational intelligence and the establishment of large datasets have meant that researchers in serial homicide are moving towards predictive models and understanding. In particular, researchers are now beginning to develop models to help to predict who is likely to commit serial homicide, and how to interpret offending patterns as a way to predict later offending behaviour (Hewitt, Beauregard, & Martineau, 2016 ; Ioana, 2013 ; Miller, 2014 ). Regardless of the type of prediction, to develop any such model, it is important that researchers understand the chain of events that preceded the homicides. One way in which researchers do this is by grouping related behaviours together, using a “thematic” or offending style typology approach (Grubin et al. 1997 ).

Since the 1970s, investigative profilers at the FBI’s Behavioural Science Unit (BSU) have been analysing crime scenes in the attempt to generate ‘profiles’ of violent offenders. Profiles consist of aggregated data collected from several sources, which combine to indicate specific characteristics relevant to the offender (Douglas, Ressler, Burgess, & Hartman, 1986 ). These profiles, in turn, are meant to aid law enforcement officers in the detection and apprehension of violent offenders, including serial killers. Originally, the analysis of crime scenes revealed a dichotomized classification of a crime that was considered to be either organized or disorganized (Hazelwood & Douglas, 1980 ), the organized typology being a form of murder carried out by an individual who appeared to plan the crime, target the victims specifically, and displayed control (Douglas et al., 1986 ). Disorganized scenes, in contrast, exhibited a form of murder carried out by an offender who was less apt to plan the offence, who obtained victims by chance, and who behaved haphazardly during the crime (Douglas et al., 1986 ).

This original typology, that of the organized or the disorganized offender, was deemed overly simplistic and has since broadly expanded (Canter, 1994 ; Holmes & Rossmo, 1996 ; Turco, 1990 ). Recently, researchers have developed more sophisticated typologies including (1) visionary, mission-oriented, hedonistic, and power-control oriented killers (Holmes, De Burger, & Holmes, 1988 ); (2) thrill-motivated killers, murders for profit, and family slayings (Levin & Fox, 1985 ); and (4) travelling serial killers, local serial killers, and place-specific serial killers. Despite the development of refined typologies, research has found that there is no such thing as a prototypical serial killer, consequently limiting the usefulness of the typologies developed so far (Walters, Drislane, Patrick, & Hickey, 2015 ).

Profiles are created retrospectively – that is, after a crime had been committed. They are developed viay a thorough observation of the crime scene, interviews with surviving victims, and even wiretappings of taunts made by the subject to the victims’ families (Douglas et al., 1986 ). However, one limitation to this is that the profiles generated rely, to a large extent, on the use of educated guesses developed on the basis of data that may be unreliable. While profiles are undoubtedly a useful investigative tool that should not be overlooked, the accuracy of profiling could still be developed.

Studies have suggested that it is important to include personal histories and personality factors when proposing an ‘offender profile’ (Hazelwood & Warren, 2000 ). The FBI’s BSU also noted the value of this when they conducted a series of extensive interviews with several violent sexual offenders, including 25 serial killers, in the 1980s (Ressler, Burgess, & Douglas, 1988 ). The results from those interviews have helped to inform the development of criminal profiles today. The present study uses a broader categorization, such as those designed by Holmes and Holmes ( 1998 ). The present study includes influencing factors before the kill, such as personal histories and serial killers’ experiences of abuse.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child abuse as “all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child” (World Health Organization, 1999 , p. 80). Although this definition covers a spectrum of abuse, the three main types defined in the present study are physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Physical child abuse relates to acts that cause actual physical harm or have the potential for harm. Sexual abuse is defined as those acts in which a child is used for sexual gratification. Psychological abuse includes the lack of an appropriate and supportive environment or acts that have an adverse effect on the emotional health and development of a child.

Research has suggested that the ‘profile’ of a serial murderer typically includes abuse during childhood (Ressler, Burgess, Douglas, & Depue, 1985 ). It is possible that this is due to habituation and tolerance of pain, depending on the extent to which the abuse had been experienced as violent or painful (Joiner, 2007 ). Childhood abuse has also been associated with later cognitive processing problems, which may lead to an aggressive thought pattern – for example, encoding errors, hostile attributional biases, accessing of aggressive responses, and positive evaluations of aggression (Dodge, Pettit, Bates, & Valente, 1995 ).

Furthermore, research has shown that there is a very strong link between early childhood abuse and individuals who kill for sexual gratification (Lust/rape typology), as previous research has found that all types of abuse, excluding neglect, were significantly higher in the lust typology serial killer population than in a controlled sample (Mitchell & Aamodt, 2005 ). On average, 50% of serial killers suggest that they have experienced psychological abuse, 36% have experienced physical abuse, and 26% have experienced sexual abuse (Mitchell & Aamodt, 2005 ). Therefore, abuse in childhood is linked to serial killers’ later behaviours; however, what is not known is the sequential pathway between childhood abuse and different types of serial killer. A method is needed that can systematically link and sequence childhood abuse with typology of the criminal and crime scene behaviours. The present study provides this novel methodological approach to understanding the link between childhood abuse and later serial killer behaviour.

Behaviour Sequence Analysis (BSA)

A useful method for understanding the dynamic relationship between progressions of behaviours and social interactions occurring over time is Behaviour Sequence Analysis (BSA; Beune, Giebels, & Taylor, 2010 ; Marono, Clarke, Navarro, & Keatley, 2018 ; Taylor, Keatley, & Clarke, 2017 ; Keatley, Barsky, & Clarke, 2016 ; Keatley, 2018 ). BSA, also referred to as lag sequence analysis, is a method for investigating how chains of behaviours and events are linked over time.

Behaviour Sequence Analysis involves the study of transitions between behaviour pairs (Marono et al., 2017 ). Sequences can be on large (lifetime, e.g., Keatley, Golightly, Shephard, Yaksic, & Reid, 2018 ) or small (millisecond, e.g., Marono et al., 2017 ) scales. In lag-one BSA, which the present study uses, the antecedent behaviour (e.g., type of abuse) is the first event in a pairing, and the sequitur (e.g., first murder behaviour) is the second behaviour in the pair. Obviously, there are intervening behaviours and events through the lifetime; however, the purpose of the present study is to highlight BSA as a method for understanding homicide and connecting established risk factors and behaviours. This provides a simplified model of types of abuse linked to type of murders. Put simply, a BSA will determine how likely it is, compared to chance, that a sequitur occurs following an antecedent. The analysis indicates which pairings of behaviours occur above the expected level of chance – for instance, if an individual suffers ‘abuse type A’, how likely is ‘Behaviour B’ or ‘Behaviour C’ to follow. Sequence Analysis is not limited to only two behaviours; it is possible to analyse the pattern between potentially unlimited numbers of behaviours (from the start to end of a sequence). This technique has been applied to a variety of behaviours and social interactions and is commonly applied to forensic contexts, such as rape cases (Ellis, Clarke, & Keatley, 2017 ; Fossi, Clarke, & Lawrence, 2005 ; Lawrence, Fossi, & Clarke, 2010 ), violent episodes between people (Beale, Cox, Clarke, Lawrence, & Leather, 1998 ; Taylor et al., 2017 ), and marital conflict (Gottman, 1979 ).

Present study

The present study uses a BSA approach to investigate the effects of different types of early childhood abuse (physical, psychological, and sexual abuse) on later serial killings. The pattern of actions explored begins with this early abuse, leading on to the typology of the serial killer. This is included in the analysis to indicate links between abuse and typology, rather than direct sequential effects. 1 The effect of experiencing multiple types of abuse at the same time was also investigated. Typologies were classified into four groups, dependent on the serial killer’s motivation: lust, anger, power, and financial gain. The next behaviour explored was the crime scene behaviour – such as how the victim was killed and what was done with the body. Thus, the sequence from early childhood abuse, typology of the killer, and crime scene behaviours was analysed. While formal hypotheses are not made, owing to the novel nature of the research, several expected links can be outlined. First, it is likely that childhood sexual abuse will lead predominantly to sexual typologies, taking into account previous literature highlighting that violent upbringings influence later delinquency, adult criminality, and violence (Maxfield & Widom, 1996 ). It is also likely that individuals who have experienced early physical abuse will show a greater amount of violence – for example, signs of torture and overkill (infliction of excessive and unnecessary violence).

An all-male sample of 233 serial killers with a documented history of childhood abuse was collected. Numbers experiencing each type of abuse were as follows: psychological abuse ( n  = 35), physical abuse ( n  = 36), sexual abuse ( n  = 21), psychological and physical abuse ( n  = 88), physical and sexual abuse ( n  = 7), and physical, sexual, and psychological abuse ( n  = 46). The dates of first kill ranged from 1850 to 2014. The date of last kill ranged from 1893 to 2014. In calendar years of the sample at the time of their first kill ranged from 6 to 60 ( M  = 28, SD = 8.96), and their last kill ranged from 16 to 68 ( M  = 34, SD  = 10), although the exact age in childhood when abuse occurred is unknown. The number of kills ranged from 3 to 138 within several countries: Brazil ( n  = 3), Canada ( n  = 6), Australia ( n  = 6), USA ( n  = 176), Argentina ( n  = 1), Columbia ( n  = 4), Ecuador ( n  = 1), England ( n  = 8), France ( n  = 4), Germany ( n  = 4), Italy ( n  = 1), Mexico ( n  = 2) Ireland ( n  = 1), Scotland ( n  = 1), Pakistan ( n  = 1), Russia ( n  = 5), South Africa ( n  = 7), and Spain ( n  = 2). As the sample had been obtained from secondary sources and so does not contain any studies with human participants, ethics approval was not needed.

Coding procedure

The sample was split according to the type of abuse experienced in childhood. The typology of the serial killer in each group was then coded (Lust/rape, power, financial gain, or anger) into the BSA. Lust/rape killers were those whose murders involved sexual elements, including rape, sexual assault without penetration, or symbolic sexual assault such as the insertion of a foreign object into body orifices (Douglas et al., 1992 ). Power killers were those who derived pleasure from having complete control over their victims. Financial gain killers were those who killed for motivations based on the accumulation of goods or finances. Anger killers were those who killed for motivations that stemmed from feelings of anger, frustration, or betrayal, whether real or imagined. The overall methods used across kills was also recorded for all killers. 2 The final factor considered for each individual was what they had done with their victim’s body(s) after the murder (e.g., moved the body to a different location and buried it, hid the body at the crime scene, etc.). Percentages of participants for each individual were calculated at each stage.

A coding scheme was developed based on every recorded outcome/behaviour reported in the dataset. Given the straightforward nature of the task, there was no ambiguity over responses or coding. The typology of serial killers was assessed by forensic psychologists.

Statistical analysis

After data were coded into chains of discrete behaviours and categories, data were entered into the statistical software R (R Core Team, 2013 ) and analysed using a behaviour sequence analysis program developed by the researchers. The program calculated frequencies of individual behaviours, transitional frequencies, chi-square (χ 2 ) statistics, and standardised residuals.

The main stage of BSA is to focus on the transitions between pairs of behaviours. Transition frequencies between antecedents and sequiturs are calculated, and chi-square analyses are indicated if these transitions occur above the level of chance. State transition diagrams can then be drawn, which indicate pairs of behaviours with high standardised residuals ( SR ). It is important to note that while pairs of behaviours can be connected to form longer chains, the analyses are only on pairs of behaviours. Longer chains, though intuitively appealing, are actually limited in terms of generalizability, owing to over-fitting of data. All of the transition lines in the diagram are significant ( p < .05) (see Figure 1 ).

State transition diagram for type of abuse experienced, typology, and crime scene behaviour. Standardised residuals indicated by line thickness (see key).

Importantly, Figure 1 shows that there is a clear distinction between type of abuse experienced and later typology of the serial killer. For example, experiences of sexual abuse most likely to lead to the power typology ( n  = 6, SR  = 9.21), compared to other typologies. Rape/lust typology was the most common typology in the current dataset ( n  = 152). However, it had followed more frequently from psychological abuse ( n  = 10, SR  = 7.06) and a combination of all three types of abuse ( n  = 12; SR  = 7.04). There did not seem to be a strong connection between financial gain and any type of abuse or combination of abuse, as it was infrequent in all cases, particularly the experience of all three combined. There was no strong pattern between any single type of abuse and anger typology, and only 23 subjects classified as this typology. There was a clear pattern between rape/lust typology and torture of the victim ( n  = 16, SR  = 9.59). There was a clear pattern between financial gain and the murder being carried out quickly ( n  = 12, SR  = 8.33). An additional benefit of the BSA approach is that particular cases can be highlighted and analysed individually. For instance, the following analyses focused on each type of abuse sequence by itself. This allows researchers and investigators to refine their search parameters and to begin narrowing in on particular sequences based on evidence or interests.

Physical abuse

For physical abuse ( Figure 2 ), there was a distinct sequence between the experience of physical abuse and rape/lust typology ( n  = 6, SR  = 4.80) and anger typology ( n  = 2, SR  = 2.77). Those with rape/lust typologies were more likely to carry out the murder quickly ( n  = 5, SR  = 5.75), and crime scenes exhibited signs of the victim having been bound ( n  = 3, SR  = 4.64). There was also evidence of overkill, and in all cases where overkill occurred, the body had been left at the crime scene.

State transition diagram for physical abuse, typology, and crime scene behaviour. Standardised residuals indicated by line thickness (see key).

Psychological abuse

For psychological abuse ( Figure 3 ), there was a distinct sequence between the experience of psychological abuse and rape/lust typology ( n  = 10, SR  = 6.50) and financial gain ( n  = 5, SR  = 4.60). Murders were carried out quickly in all cases where the motivation was financial gain; however, if the typology was rape/lust, then fewer were carried out quickly ( n  = 5, SR  = 3.63). There was also a strong link between torture and evidence of overkill ( n  = 5, SR  = 6.25), and evidence of overkill and mutilation of the body ( n  = 6, SR  = 6.84).

State transition diagram for psychological abuse, typology, and crime scene behaviour. Standardised residuals indicated by line thickness (see key).

Sexualabuse

Unlike the other types of abuse, sexual abuse was linked to all four typologies (see Figure 4 ). The rape/lust typology was slightly more likely to the torture of victims ( n  = 4, SR  = 5.92) compared to showing signs of overkill ( n  = 4, SR  = 4.27). The power typology was more strongly related to carrying out the murder quickly ( n  = 4, SR  = 5.23) than to mutilating the victim ( n  = 2, SR  = 3.16). The anger typology showed a link to carrying out the murder quickly ( n  = 2, SR  = 2.16), and financial gain was also linked to carrying out the murder quickly ( n  = 4, SR  = 5.85). Finally, there were strong links between torturing and binding the victim ( n  = 4, SR  = 9.39), and the victim being bound and mutilation ( n  = 4, SR  = 8.63).

State transition diagram for sexual abuse, typology, and crime scene behaviour. Standardised residuals indicated by line thickness (see key).

All types of abuse

When a combination of sexual, physical and psychological abuse was experienced ( Figure 5 ), the rape/lust typology for killing was most likely to follow ( n  = 12, SR  = 6.76). Rape/lust was more likely to lead to the victims being bound ( n  = 6, SR  = 7.11) than to killers carrying out their murders quickly ( n  = 4, SR  = 2.63). Subjects who killed for anger were more likely to carry out the murder quickly ( n  = 4, SR  = 4.49) than show evidence of overkill ( n  = 2, SR  = 1.61).Those who killed for financial gain carried out the murder quickly ( n  = 3, SR  = 5.03).

State transition diagram for typology and crime scene behaviour following experience of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse. Standardised residuals indicated by line thickness (see key).

The main aim of the present study was to examine whether there were distinguishable sequences that occur after experiencing different types of abuse in childhood, leading to different typologies/motivations for killing victims, and how murders were carried out. The outcome is an insight into the sequential chains that different types of abuse result in for an individual. Within the current dataset, results indicate that different types of abuse affect later typologies and murder behaviours.

Previous literature suggests that early physical abuse leads to later aggression and violence (Widom, 1989 ). Current results partially supported this. Although those who were physically abused were more likely to demonstrate ‘overkill’ of their victim, the most specifically violent methods of kill were practised by those who had been sexually or psychologically abused in early life. For example, mutilation, torture, and binding the victim were more typical of serial killers who had experienced sexual abuse. Furthermore, those who had been sexually abused rarely showed evidence of overkill, and the murders tended to be carried out quickly. This was not the case for both physical and psychological abuse, as both showed evidence of overkill. The exact reason for this cannot be clarified from this sequence chain, although based on previous research (Briere & Elliott, 1994 ; Wyatt & Newcomb, 1990 ), it may be that these patterns emerge because those who have experienced sexual abuse suffer from deep-seated anger and self-blame, leading them to lash out and kill their victims quickly, and they are more likely to feel guilt or remorse afterwards and thus are unlikely to show evidence of overkill.

Furthermore, all recorded murders were carried out quickly by those who were classified as motivated by power. There was also no evidence of any torture, mutilation, or overkill. Although again, the sequence chain cannot direct determine the reason as to why this is, based on previous research (Canter & Wentink, 2004 ; Holmes & Holmes, 1998 ), a reason could be that this stems from a need to control the victim and assert dominance. Therefore, killers see the act of killing as a necessity, rather than obtaining any enjoyment out of the kill, per se. In these killings, there is, therefore, no unnecessary means of killing, infliction of unnecessary pain, or evidence of enjoyment.

Those who were classified as exhibiting rape/lust typology commonly engaged in post-mortem sex, regardless of the type of abuse experienced as a child. There was also no evidence of overkill in any of the cases, although torture was commonly used. A possible explanation for this is the presence of abnormal paraphilias or sexual sadism, which supports Dietz, Hazelwood, and Warren’s ( 1990 ) argument that psychopathic sexual sadists kill for the sheer pleasure of torturing and murdering their victims in a sexual way. Importantly, the experience of sexual abuse, whether isolated or experienced alongside physical and/or psychological abuse, led to the mutilation or torture of the victim. Similarly, individuals who classified as lust/rape typology where more likely to torture or mutilate their victims. This suggests a correlation with sexual behaviour and a need to inflict pain.

Additionally, results are incongruent with previous literature on typologies, as there was no consistent pattern for method of killing and disposal of the body within each typology. This supports the suggestion by Canter and Wentink ( 2004 ) that features of power/control typologies were consistent for serial killers rather than forming a distinct type. Thus, the reliability of isolated typologies is less mutually exclusive than previously believed, and more attention should be paid to what factors influence specific methods of killing than to the motivations of individual offenders. Indeed, it may be that the cross-sectional approach to typology defining could be developed to include temporal dimensions. The current analytical method can be used to show linkages between behaviours and events, over time, which may provide investigators with a clearer understand and method for developing typologies.

A limitation of the current research is the potential influence of additional life events that may intervene in the current diagrams, as these were not available to be analysed. These other variables and events may have effects on later behaviours; however, the present research outlines a new approach to understanding serial killers’ life histories, rather than a complete timeline. Given the nature of the coding and behaviour sequence analysis, future research can be added directly to the current data to extend the sequence pattern, and other influential factors can be added. Indeed, this research marks the beginning of a new framework for understanding life histories and behaviours of serial killers, which can be developed and expanded. This research underlines the important impact of childhood abuse on serial killers’ motivations and behaviours. Future research should aim to fill in the gaps between childhood abuse and other life events leading up to the first murder, and then further murders.

1 It is possible that other, unmeasured variables play an important role in the sequence; however, the current research is presented as a framework foundation on which more complex sequences can be built in the future. The methods and statistics are open to additions being imputed into the sequences at later times, to develop more complex sequential chains.

2 Owing to limitations of the dataset, behaviours for each sequential murder are not known. Therefore, overall behaviours across murders are presented in the current dataset. While we acknowledge this is a limitation of the study, it still indicates typical crime scene behaviours for each individual killer.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Ethical standards

Declaration of conflicts of interest.

Abbie Marono has declared no conflicts of interest. Sasha Reid has declared no conflicts of interest. Enzo Yaksic has declared no conflicts of interest. David Keatley has declared no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Serial Killer Research Paper Topics: How to Pick One

Why should anyone write a research paper on serial killers? It is the very question you should keep in mind when assigned to perform a home task on this topic. Serial killers are not products of the long-gone times of Jack the Ripper, but a frightening reality. Moreover, despite all the achievements and efforts of forensic science, various fields related to psychology, psychiatry and different social services, people who have a pathological urge to satisfy their contorted needs through serial killings find new ways to escape both treatment and punishment, as well as to trap victims. The US is the world's serial killers leader with the share of 76 percent, while Europe ranks second with only 17 percent. And although the number of serial killers fell significantly in the noughties compared to the 1970-1990s, only from 2010 to 2015 more than 500 victims were killed and 54 serial killers were apprehended and identified in the United States.

That's why you need to understand that you are asked to write about serial killers for a reason - to contribute to preventing this type of crime in one way or another. And that's why you need to take the task seriously starting from the very choosing of a topic for your serial killers research paper. Some students make a mistake taking allegedly "entertaining" topics like "The US number one dangerous killer" or "The most terrible crimes committed by maniacs in the history." Such topics are suitable for thrilling readers rather than for conducting in-depth research aimed at some practical purpose. Those practical purposes may cover understanding how people become serial killers; what we can do to identify deviant behavior in people early on; what should be done to eliminate factors contributing to the development of violent behavior and so on.

To this end, serial killers are studied in several fields like psychology, sociology, forensics and some other sciences, which consider the phenomenon from various perspectives to better understand it. Obviously, students should choose serial killer research paper topics based on the subject they study and set the appropriate goals - to explore the psychology of criminals, to distinguish the most vulnerable social groups or to learn about ways that may help in catching a serial killer. Even if you are writing without focusing on a particular subject, you can make a real difference by dispelling myths about serial killers and presenting facts that can educate you and your readers.

Research Paper Topics on Serial Killers: Ideas and Examples

We have selected the most promising topic ideas on serial killers covering psychological, social, cultural, demographic and many other aspects of this phenomenon. Note that the list doesn't include topics on mass murders or school shooting since many forensic schools consider serial killers a separate group of criminals, who are different in their specificity from those mentioned. However, you should clarify through your tutor, which category of criminals you are assigned to research, and if necessary, you can transform the proposed topics accordingly.

• Where did the term "serial killer" come from?
• Family physical, psychological and sexual abuse and deviant behavior in serial killers.
• Mental disorders in serial killers.
• What lies behind a serial killer's signature?
• Is it possible to diagnose a would-be serial killer?
• What makes a serial killer tick?
• How do juvenile criminals become serial killers?
• Distinctive aspects of repeated murders committed by women.
• The social background of serial killing.
• How does a serial killer differ from a maniac?
• Victim profile: demographic characteristics and individual traits.
• A spree killer, a mass murderer, and a serial killer - terms and legislation.
• Serial killers in the United States: Ethnicity and demographics.
• Are there naturally born serial killers?
• Measures taken by the countries with the highest level of serial killing to reverse the trend.
• Angels of mercy: distinctive features.
• The impact of serial killings on pop culture.
• Are there death penalty alternatives for serial killers?
• Genetic predisposition to violence in serial killers: myth or fact?
• Is there a tendency to increase or decrease in serial killings in the US in the XXI century?
• Serial murders and paraphilia.
• Can modern therapies available for sociopathic and psychopathic disorder set serial killers to rights?
• Criticism of the Macdonald triad.
• Organized, disorganized and mixed killers - how do they differ?
• Multiple murders for money.

You can adjust the offered research paper topics on serial killers to your needs by broadening or, conversely, narrowing them down. Make sure to find and read information on the topic selected before making a final decision to avoid lack of evidence.

The social study of serial killers

Kevin Haggerty and Ariane Ellerbrok examine the cultural and historical context of serial killing

The study of serial killers has been dominated by an individualised focus on studying the biography of offenders and the causes of their behaviour. Popular representations of Jeffrey Dahmer, Harold Shipman, John Wayne Gacy and other notorious figures emphasise the sociopathic tendencies of the lone serial killer, presented in accounts that accentuate how assorted personality traits and risk factors ostensibly contribute to their otherwise unfathomable behaviour. While this emphasis on personal biography lends itself to much needed psychological analysis, the cumulative effect of such accounts is that serial killing can appear a-historical and a-cultural, as though such predispositions might manifest themselves in identical ways irrespective of context.

In fact, serial killing is intimately tied to its broader social and historical setting, something that is particularly apparent when such killing is considered in relation to a series of broad historical changes that have occurred over approximately the past 400–500 years, commonly associated with the rise of modernity. So, while throughout human history there have probably always been individuals who engaged in serial predation, in previous eras it was not possible for an individual to be a serial killer. Serial killing is a distinctly modern phenomenon, a product of relatively recent social and cultural conditions to which criminologists can provide fresh insight by accentuating the broad institutional frameworks, motivations, and opportunity structures within which serial killing occurs (Haggerty, 2009).

Serial killing is the rarest form of homicide, occurring when an individual has killed three or more people who were previously unknown to him or her, with a ‘cooling off’ period between each murder. This definition is accepted by both police and academic experts and therefore provides a useful frame of reference. Unfortunately, it also narrows the analysis of such crimes, as it fails to incorporate many of the familiar (although not inevitable) characteristics of serial killing. These include such things as the diverse influences of the mass media on serial killers as well as their tendency to select victims from particular walks of life. Attending to these (and other) factors can provide insight into the broader social and historical contexts that constitute the structural preconditions for such acts.

Here we briefly identify three aspects of serial killing that are often taken for granted, but that are intimately tied to the emergence of serial murder in its contemporary guise. These include the rise of a society of strangers, the development of a culture of celebrity, and cultural frameworks of denigration and marginalisation.

Society of strangers

Mass urbanisation is a distinctive characteristic of the modern era, something that has profoundly altered the nature of human relationships by virtue of generating an unprecedented degree of anonymity. In pre-modern societies individuals knew one another by name, often having intimate knowledge of their neighbour's family history, daily routines and personal predilections. Strangers were rarely encountered, and when encountered were the subject of rumour and suspicion. The average medieval citizen might have only met 100 strangers during the course of their entire life (Braudy, 1986), a number markedly low by contemporary standards, where one could confront hundreds of strangers simply on the daily commute to work.

The rise of capitalism and related processes of mass migration to urban centres resulted in individuals being immersed in a sea of strangers (Nock, 1993). This development also proved to be a key precondition for the emergence of serial murder, given that a defining attribute of serial killers is that they prey on strangers (something that distinguishes them from the vast majority of homicides, which typically involve some form of prior relationship between killer and victim). Thus dense modern urban environments represent ideal settings for the routinised impersonal encounters that operate as a hallmark of serial killing.

Mass media and the culture of celebrity

Although serial killing is statistically rare, it is nonetheless a ubiquitous cultural phenomena, one that for the vast majority of people is best understood as a media event (Gibson, 2006). Serial killers have become an inescapable point of reference in movies, television fiction, novels, true crime books and video games. This global system of mass media – again, a characteristic attribute of modernity – has made many citizens intimately familiar with the dynamics of serial killing and the lives of particularly notorious offenders.

The relationship between media and serial killing is, however, not straightforward. By widely circulating the details of specific serial killers, the mass media establishes the ‘serial killer’ as a dominant cultural category. One upshot is that, whereas in antiquity killing sequentially may have been something that someone did, today a serial killer is something someone can be. By placing the category of ‘serial killer’ into wide circulation, the media makes the specifics of such behaviour open to potential imitation, although this is not to suggest that serial killing might be the product of some straightforward ‘media effect’.

The media has also fostered a culture of celebrity. In our predominantly secular modernity the prospect of achieving celebrity has become desirable to the extent that it promises to liberate individuals from a powerless anonymity, making them known beyond the limitations of ascribed statuses such as class and family relations. For some this promise of celebrity is merely appealing, while for others it is an all-consuming passion, to the point that not securing some degree of fame can be experienced as a profound failure. Serial killers are not immune to the appeals of celebrity. As Egger (2002) has demonstrated in his analysis of seven of the most notorious American serial killers, the majority ‘seemed to enjoy their celebrity status and thrive on the attention they received’. Hence the complaint of a serial killer to local police is telling: ‘How many times do I have to kill before I get a name in the paper or some national attention?’ (Braudy, 1986).

Marginalisation

Perhaps the most terrifying aspect of serial murder is that such killings appear random. This, however, is a misleading characterisation, for while serial killers do target strangers, their victims are not haphazard (Wilson, 2007). Rather, the victims of serial killers tend to mimic the wider cultural categories of denigration characteristic of contemporary society. All societies have their own distinctive structures of symbolic denigration, whereby certain classes of people are positioned as outcasts or ‘lesser’ humans. Such individuals, often singled out by modern institutions for reprobation, censure and marginalisation, are also disproportionately the targets of serial killers, who tend to prey upon vagrants, the homeless, prostitutes, migrant workers, homosexuals, children, the elderly and hospital patients (ibid.). Gerald Stano likened the killing of his victims to ‘no different than stepping on a cockroach’ (Holmes and DeBurger, 1998). Such a statement keenly demonstrates the extent to which serial killers embrace and reproduce the wider cultural codings that have devalued, stigmatised and marginalised specific groups. Through a distorted mirror, serial killers reflect back, and act upon, modernity's distinctive valuations.

Recognising the dynamics of victim marginalisation is particularly germane to the study of serial killers, for the denigration of particular social groups is connected to specific opportunity structures for murder. Criminologists have emphasised the importance of ‘opportunity structures’ as a means of ascertaining the increased likelihood of criminal behaviour in certain contexts – noting that crime is more likely to occur when there is a combination of a possible victim accessible to predation, a motivated offender, and a lack of competent guardians. That the victims of serial killers tend to be drawn from modernity's disposable classes can also mean that these victims are outside of effective systems of guardianship, and are targeted not only because they are more accessible, but also because their deaths are less likely to generate timely investigation or legal consequences.

Modern phenomena

While serial killing is routinely presented as the unfathomable behaviour of the lone, decontextualised and sociopathic individual, here we have emphasised the unnervingly familiar modern face of serial killing. Several distinctively modern phenomena, including anonymity, a culture of celebrity enabled through the rise of mass media, and specific cultural frameworks of denigration, each provide key institutional frameworks, motivations and opportunity structures for analysing such acts. To exclusively focus on aetiology and offender biography systematically ignores this larger social context, and elides a more nuanced understanding of the hows and whys of serial killing.

Kevin Haggerty is Professor of Sociology and Criminology and Ariane Ellerbrok is a PhD student at the University of Alberta, Canada.

Braudy, L. (1986) The Frenzy of Renown: Fame and its History, New York: Oxford University Press.

Egger, S. (2002)  The Killers Among Us: Examination of Serial Murder and Its Investigations , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 

Gibson, D. (2006) Serial Murder and Media Circuses , Westport, CT: Praeger.

Haggerty, K. (2009) Modern serial killers. Crime Media and Culture , 5 (2), pp 168–187. 

Holmes, R. and DeBurger, J. (1998), “Profiles in terror: the serial murderer”. In Contemporary Perspectives on Serial Murder , Edited by: Holmes, R. and Holes, S. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  

Nock, S. (1993) The Costs of Privacy: Surveillance and Reputation in America , New York: Aldine de Gruyter.  

Wilson, D. (2007) Serial Killers: Hunting Britons and Their Victims , 1960–2006 , Winchester: Waterside.

The Psychology of Serial Killers Research Paper

Introduction, demographics of serial killers in the us, lack of sympathy, a common background, what motivates a serial killer, serial killers and psychopathic personality disorder.

Multiple murderers can be grouped into three: mass killer, who murder three or more persons at one time, spree killers, who murder in three or more places with no time difference, and serial killers. However, for this paper, we will focus on serial killers.

A serial killer is generally defined as a person who has killed three or more people over a period usually more than one month, with a space in between the murder, and whose reason for killing can be pegged to psychological factors (Singer and Hensley, 2004).

Other scholars define it as “a series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone” (Morse, 2011). Frequently, a sexual aspect is linked to the murders, but the FBI asserts that reasons for multiple killings include anger, joy, financial motivation, and attention seeking.

Psychologists have for a long time researched the topic of multiple murders, or serial killers. The main questions that psychologists attempt to answer in these studies are: where does the drive to kill originate? Why is the urge to kill more powerful in some individuals than in others?

Can potential murderers be identified and halted before it happens? Do murderers have sympathy for their victims? These are just a fraction of questions that require answers in order to have a complete understanding of the psychology of serial killers. Unfortunately, no concrete answers have been found and research is ongoing (Castle & Hensley, 2002).

The demographics of serial killers have always been a subject of debate, and largely depend on the source of information. In the US, the largest number of reported serial killers are always white males from a lower to middle class homes, typically in their twenties.

However, the FBI reports that there have also been African American, Asian, and Latino serial killers as well. Criminology experts have asserted that the proportion of African American serial killers reflects their overall percentage in the general population. However, one area of agreement is that whites are more likely to be serial killers than individuals from other races.

Several studies have indicated that due to their psychopathic nature, serial killers do not know have sympathy for their victims, their immediate families, or the general population. Instead, they train themselves to imitate ordinary human conduct by observing other individuals. It is all a controlling act aimed at luring people to their trap before they strike (Morse, 2011). Serial killers have been described as actors with a natural desire to act.

Henry Lee Lucas (1936-2001), a known serial killer who killed 11 individuals, once described being a serial killer as “being like a movie-star … you’re just playing the part” (Singer and Hensley, 2004). Another serial killer, John Wayne Gacy (1942-1984) always dressed up as a clown, and in court, Ted Bundy (1946-1989) told the judge, “I’m disguised as an attorney today” (Arrigo and Griffin, 2004). Bundy had in the past pretended to be a kindhearted rape crisis center counselor.

Roaming serial killers like to hold a position of influence. Gacy was an energetic, friendly and even became a member of the Jaycees, a leadership training and leadership forum. A number of serial killers also joined the military and became active members, such as David Berkowitz. Playing the role of police is, however, their favorite disguise. Carrying police identification and moving on a bike resembling that of police not only makes serial killers feel important, but also allows to reach their unsuspecting victims with ease.

Yet, when serial killers are caught, they take on a “mask of insanity”- pretending to have multiple personality disorder, schizophrenia, or are psychotic, anything that can exonerate them from their crimes. And when they finally reveal themselves, serial killers do not wholly drop the acting role. Bundy once said, “what’s one less person on the face of the earth anyway?” (Arrigo and Griffin, 2004), a statement that shows serial killer’ lack of sympathy for their victims, immediate families and the general population.

Serial killers have always held an attraction for many people regarding their actions. The thought that a person can become so twisted and psychotic, to the point of murdering not one, but three or more individuals, is a strange field of study. Many studies have investigated the factors that may make a person to become a serial killer, and many of these factors have been found to have a psychological aspect.

A majority of serial; killers have been found to have had a troubled childhood ranging from broken or abusive families, with little or no parental care and no positive social relations with the family members.

This unstable background makes them to develop anomalous ideas of what is normal for a person to do, for instance, sexually abusing other persons or exhibiting excessive violence, and in repeating the behaviors they underwent and lived through, they become more and more violent, eventually reaching the level of multiple murders. Other experiences such as neglect and abuse at childhood have been found to influence serial killers.

This troubled upbringing prevents these persons from developing a set of normal behaviors that judge how we should react in specific situations, and how we should socialize with others.

This makes them to be socially backward, however, outwardly, they seem to be normal, but secretly, they think that they are in some way above other people, and they are not fit to interact with normal people as they will be lowering their status. Therefore, they try as much as they can to avoid interacting with other people, but when they do, they act normally.

It has been observed although child abuse is only appears to be physical and mental, the act greatly affects the victims psychological make up (Castle & Hensley, 2002). It corrupts the thinking of such a person and can lead to the horror for which serial killers are known to exhibit. Abuse at childhood has been found to be common among renowned serial killers.

For instance, Charles Manson, was born to a negligent mother who placed him in a foster home and he lived on his own for a major part of his childhood. This background, coupled with the fact that he never knew who his biological father was, is likely to have affected him psychologically. Another serial killer, Ted Bundy, was born to a single mother, and later lived with stepfather.

Psychologists have for a long time researched into what makes a person become so violent that they kill several people with no indication of sympathy or remorse. Some serial killers view themselves as completing a task given to them by God, or some form of high authority.

The serial killers view their acts as a spiritual call to cleanse the society of a group the killer identifies as evil, a risk to the human race, or simply repugnant. Serial killers that fall in this category are especially dangerous, since they frequently view their actions a service to mankind, and compulsory.

Serial killers that had a troubled background usually kill in order to exercise power and authority over their victims. This often stems from feelings of helplessness and fright in their formative years. Serial killers who fall in this category are normally haunted by their experiences and in killing others, they aim to erase or revenge the horrifying abuse they encountered.

However, in attributing serial killing to upbringing, we must recognize that there are many people who had an abusive childhood, but did not grow up to become serial killers. Therefore, childhood abuse is not the sole reason for violent crime. Norris (1988) writes that parents that abuse their children infuse in them an almost instinctive reliance on violence as a solution to any challenge.

While some parents believe that by being strict disciplinarians, they would help prepare the child for the tough world, they are at times wrong. Having a close bond with the parents enables the child to trust others later in life, a lack of it can lead to isolation, and violence seems as the only way to achieve satisfaction (Castle & Hensley, 2002).

When the children become adults, all they know are their fantasies of wielding authority and power. They have not developed sympathy or love for other people, rather, they see human beings as objects of performing their violent fantasies.

Other serial killers murder others for the utter thrill or excitement of their acts. The main motive of such a killer is to rouse pain or create fear in their victims and this provides excitement to them. The thrill of the capture and the kill, and the thought of receiving wide attention through various media and police coverage are motivation enough to go on killing.

To them, killing provides the ‘high’ similar to that felt by persons that engage in high risk acts such as sky diving and motor bike stunts. Thrill serial killers mainly target strangers, although they may have followed them for quite some time (Norris, 1988).

For instance, Robert Hansen indicated in one his letters that, “[killing] gives me the most thrilling experience it is even better than getting your rocks off with a girl” (Perri and Lichtenwald, 2010). A surviving victim Coral Watts talked of him as “excited and hyper and clappin’ and just making noises like he was excited, that this was gonna be fun” (Perri and Lichtenwald, 2010) during a 1982 attack. Watts killed his victims by slashing, stabbing, hanging, drowning, suffocating, and strangulating.

Other motivations for serial killers include financial gains, anger, ideology (spread the beliefs of a certain group) and psychosis (Arrigo and Griffin, 2004). Even though these intentions are legitimate, it is very difficult to discover the actual incentive for a particular killer. This is because motive identification is always limited to the visible objects left behind by the killer, and by the correct identification of these objects. Additional information may be provided by the killer’s history and by the limited chance of a surviving victim.

Most serial killers, while differing in their modes of killing their victims, display a similarity in some aspects. They exhibit a lack of remorse or regret, being impetuous, the desire to have control or exercise their authority, are in search of attention, and display conduct that is predatory in nature.

Basically, these are the characteristics of a psychopath, described as a person who shows a personality disorder characterized by aggression, violence, antisocial behavior, and shows no remorse or kindness. A psychopath can commit unimaginable activities with coolness, while displaying rationality. The scariest part of a serial killer’s life is that they lead a completely normal life (Levin and Fox, 2008).

An example Jeffrey Dahmer (1960-1994) who, while leading a perfectly normal public life, killed and ate young men. He was also able to exhibit calmness in the middle of confusion. For instance, when one of his 14-year old victims escaped into the streets, the police were called in but he was able to convince the police that the boy was his 19-year-old boyfriend who had drunk too much alcohol, the boy was handed over to him. Jeffrey killed the boy that night (Perri and Lichtenwald, 2010).

The relation between serial killing and psychopathy is strong because while not all psychopaths will, of course, not become serial killers, almost all serial killers display traits related to psychopathy. These persons do not value human life. Even though psychopathy alone does not explain serial killers, it provides a fascinating perspective into their character.

The concept of psychosis has also been used to explain serial killers. Described as the loss of contact with reality, psychosis is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and irrationality. Even though widely disregarded, the concept of psychosis can be used to explain the behavior of some serial killers.

Foe example, Herbert Mullin confessed that he killed to save California from a cataclysmic earthquake. However, some serial killers have been used to use this claim, along with those of schizophrenia and multiple personality disorder to explain their behavior in order to exonerate themselves. Research into the mind of serial killers is ongoing and in the future, perhaps we will be able to identify serial killers before they strike on the first or subsequent victims.

Arrigo, B. and Griffin, A. (2004). Serial Murder and the Case of Aileen Wuornos: Attachment Theory, Psychopathy, and Predatory Aggression. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 22 (3): 375–393.

Castle, T., & Hensley, C. (2002). Serial killers with military experience: Applying learning theory to serial murder . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , 46 (4), 453-465.

Levin, J., and Fox, A. (2008). Normalcy in Behavioral Characteristics of the Sadistic Serial Killer. Serial Murder and the Psychology of Violent Crimes , Part I, 3-14.

Morse, S. J. (2011). Psychopathy – What Is Psychopathy?. Law Library – American Law and Legal Information . Crime and Justice Vol 3.

Norris, J. (1988). Serial Killers . London: Doubleday.

Perri, F. S. and Lichtenwald, T. G. (2010). The Last Frontier: Myths & The Female Psychopathic Killer, Forensic Examiner , 19:2, 50-67.

Singer, S. D and Hensley, C (2004). Learning theory to childhood and adolescent firesetting: Can it lead to serial murder. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 48 (4): 48, 461–476.

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Serial killers.

People are fascinated by violent crime, and serial murder may be the most fascinating crime of all. Books, newspapers, television shows, and movies recount the destructive paths of those who kill repeatedly. Many of these accounts leave the impression that serial killers are distinct from other types of criminals and from the public at large. However, current knowledge on serial killers is based almost exclusively on a small number of case studies and a handful of moderately sized archival investigations. Thus, our current level of knowledge on serial murder is, at best, sketchy, and this knowledge may not stand up to more rigorous empirical testing. This entry reviews the definition of serial killing, demographics of serial murder, results of research on serial killers and their motivations, and typologies that have been used to classify serial killers.

Serial Killer Definition

Serial murder is defined by three key elements: number, time, and motivation. Most murderers have only one victim; serial killers, by definition, have multiple victims. The minimum number of victims listed in various definitions of serial murder proposed in recent years range from 2 to 10, with a modal value of 3. The time element in serial murder is designed to distinguish serial killers from mass murderers and spree killers. Whereas mass murderers have multiple victims in a single episode and spree killers have multiple victims in several separate but related episodes, in neither case is there an emotional cooling off period between murders. In contrast, in serial murder, there is a cooling off period of several days, weeks, months, or years. Finally, to differentiate serial killers from professional hit men, political terrorists, and military combatants, most definitions of serial murder omit individuals who kill exclusively for financial, political, or military gain.

Serial Killers Demographics

Men are responsible for the vast majority of crimes committed worldwide. An even greater percentage of men engage in serial murder. The ratio of male to female criminals, including those who commit single-incident homicides, is 9:1; the ratio of males to females who commit serial murder is somewhere in the neighborhood of 19:1. Although rare, female serial killers do exist and are more likely to work in pairs than male serial killers. In the United States, as many Blacks as Whites commit single-incident murder; the ratio of White to Black serial killers, on the other hand, is 5:1, which is roughly comparable with each group’s representation in the general population. Single-incident murders are normally committed by individuals in their early to mid-20s, while the initial murder in a series is normally committed by an individual in his or her late 20s to early 30s.

The victims of serial murder are just as likely to differ from the victims of single-incident homicide as the perpetrators of serial murder differ from the perpetrators of single-incident homicide. Young adults are the most common targets of serial murder, but victims could be anywhere from their early childhood to late adulthood. Some serial killers prefer male victims, others prefer female victims, and still others have no gender preference. According to recent estimates, females are more likely to be victimized by a serial killer than males, a pattern that runs counter to what has traditionally been observed in single-incident homicide, where male victims predominate. There are also single-serial differences in the victim-perpetrator relationship. Whereas the victims of single-incident murder are often family members, friends, and acquaintances, the victims of serial murder are nearly always strangers.

Research on Serial Murder

The research that has been conducted on serial murder has been largely descriptive in nature. Most serial killers work alone, although in 10% to 37% of cases serial killers work in pairs. When serial killers operate as a pair, one member ordinarily assumes the dominant role while the other member assumes the submissive role. Serial killers generally select their victims, and the victims they find most appealing are those that seem preoccupied, distracted, or vulnerable and those whose disappearance would be least likely to be noticed. Hence, single women, transients, runaway teenagers, and prostitutes are prime targets for serial murder. With respect to the method of murder, serial killers prefer to strangle, stab, or beat their victims rather than shoot them (the staple of single-incident murder). It has been speculated that “hands-on” murder techniques such as strangulation, stabbing, and beating offer the serial killer greater personal control over the victim than killing from a distance. Once the crime has been committed, the serial killer is more likely than the single-incident killer to try and deceive law enforcement by burying the body, moving the body to another location, or altering the crime scene.

There is no single psychological or personality profile that all serial killers fit, but there are certain characteristics that have been observed on a fairly regular basis in serial killers. First, serial killers are more likely to have a history of criminal involvement, often in the form of petty criminality, than a history of psychiatric treatment. Second, some serial killers exhibit tell-tale signs of a psychopathic personality. In several small-scale studies, approximately half the serial killers satisfied criteria for psychopathy as measured by Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist. This may explain why some serial killers are adept at disarming their victims without coercion and avoiding apprehension for an average of 4 to 5 years. Third, many serial killers have a rich fantasy life capable of fueling their appetite for murder, with or without the aid of additional facilitative conditions such as pornography and alcohol or drugs. Objects the serial killer collects from the crime scene or takes from the victim, commonly called trophies, not only help the killer relive the murder but can also trigger future killings. Several studies indicate that it is not unusual for an individual to entertain murder fantasies for several years before acting on them.

Motivation of Serial Killers

Research on the motivation behind serial homicide is complicated by the fact that motivation is often used to define serial murder and distinguish it from other categories of multiple murder (i.e., political terrorism, organized crime, military combat). It has traditionally been assumed that serial murder is driven by sexual motives, and in more than half of the serial killers interviewed, a clear sexual motive has been identified. Furthermore, in comparison with the emotional and social issues that frequently motivate single-incident homicide, serial homicide is more often motivated by sexual fantasies and desires. Having said this, the relationship between serial murder and sexual motivation may be an artifact of how serial murder is defined. Future researchers must consequently avoid confounding the criteria used to define serial murder (i.e., motivation) with the presumed motivation for serial murder by defining serial murder using variables other than sexual motivation.

Whether sexual motivation is an artifact of how serial murder is defined, nearly half of the serial killers who have been interviewed deny that there was a strong sexual component to their crimes. A small portion (4—5%) of serial murders appear to be motivated by psychosis, and slightly more are motivated by a strong profit motive. Revenge, on the other hand, may be a more powerful motive for serial murder than either psychosis or profit. There is preliminary evidence, for instance, that some serial killers target victims who display characteristics symbolic of a group or person they despise. Ted Bundy targeted young women with long dark hair parted down the middle because these were prominent features of a woman who had spurned him years earlier. John Wayne Gacy preyed on young males as a way, perhaps, of venting hatred toward his own homosexuality. An even stronger motive for serial murder is the power a person can derive from taking control of another person’s life. Forcing a stranger to submit to their every demand and then killing the person with their bare hands, a knife, or a piece of rope can be highly reinforcing to a serial killer.

Serial Killers Typologies

Several typologies have been advanced in an effort to classify serial killers into discrete categories. One of the more popular typologies, the organized/disorganized typology, was developed at the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit in Quantico, Virginia. The organized serial killer is said to be of average to above-average intelligence, with good social skills, and a reasonably stable employment history. The murders enacted by an organized serial killer are usually well planned and typically involve the use of a weapon. Such individuals are said to leave an organized crime scene. A disorganized serial killer, on the other hand, possesses below average intelligence, weak impulse control, and poor social skills, leading to an unplanned attack that often results in a disorganized crime scene. The organized/disorganized typology was developed and validated on a group of 36 serial killers and other offenders who volunteered to be interviewed by the FBI. Recent empirical research has failed to support the organized/disorganized dichotomy, showing instead that most serial killers are organized and that they vary along a continuum of increased organization rather than splitting off into two groups.

Another popular typology of serial murder was proposed by Holmes and DeBurger. This typology consists of four categories: (1) visionary type; (2) mission-oriented type; (3) hedonistic type, which is broken down further into the lust killer, the thrill killer, and the creature-comfort killer; and (4) power/control type. Separate descriptions and motives are listed for each category in the typology. For instance, the visionary type is alleged to be motivated by delusions and hallucinations, is opportunistic in selecting victims, and leaves a messy crime scene, whereas the hedonistic type is motivated by personal enjoyment, pleasure, or gain, carefully selects victims based on predetermined criteria, and generally leaves a tidy crime scene. The problem with the Holmes and DeBurger typology is that because the four types are so poorly defined and the boundaries that separate them so indistinct, there is a high degree of overlap between types—a fatal flaw in any typology. Furthermore, there is no empirical support for the typology either as an effective shorthand in describing serial homicide or as a mechanism for predicting future behavior.

Future Research on Serial Killers

Serial murder is a rare event, thereby making it difficult to research. At present, nearly all of what we know about serial murder is based on a few case studies conducted on individuals who agreed to be interviewed by law enforcement and a handful of archival studies using information gleaned from newspapers, police files, and court documents. Consequently, there is a need for more empirical research on serial murder. First, a generally accepted definition of serial murder must be found so that it can serve as the standard for future research on serial homicide. The use of divergent definitions of serial murder and confounding definitions with variables (e.g., motivation) have thus far hindered progress in the field. Second, theoretical models, such as Hickey’s Trauma-Control Model, need to be created, tested, and refined. A good theory could reap tremendous benefits by advancing research and practice in the field. Third, alternatives to the traditional serial killer typologies need to be found. One such alternative is the instrumental-affective dimensional approach in which instrumental and affective motives for serial murder are allowed to coexist. Finally, more research needs to be devoted to prediction—not just as a way of narrowing down the field of suspects in a series of seemingly related murders but also as a way of understanding the factors that lead to serial murder and how some of these features can be ameliorated, altered, or changed.

References:

• Beasley, J. O. (2004). Serial murder in America: Case studies of seven offenders. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 395—U4.
• Canter, D. V., Alison, L. J., Alison, E., & Wentink, N. (2004). The organized/disorganized typology of serial murder: Myth or model? Psychology, Policy, and Law, 10, 293-320.
• Hare, R. D. (2003). The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (2nd ed.). Toronto, ON, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
• Hickey, E. W. (2002). Serial murderers and their victims (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
• Holmes, R. M., & DeBurger, J. (1988). Serial murder. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
• Kraemer, G. W., Lord, W. D., & Heilbrun, K. (2004). Comparing single and serial homicide offenses. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 325-343.

How to Spot a Serial Killer: Crime Research Strategies

• History of Serial Killers
• Digital Resources
• Crime Research Strategies
• Web Resources
• In the Library

Research Strategies

• Biographical Research
• Savvy Research
• Search Terms

Biographical research strategies vary greatly, depending on the notoriety and date of the crime. You will find much more information about the killer than the victims. Books may be written about these crimes, so consider searching the library catalog and not just online/web-based resources.

Profile of the  killer  should include (but is not limited to):

• Upbringing – family (how many sisters, brothers etc.)
• Education? Where did he/she to go high school, college, etc.?
• Married? Straight? Gay? Bi-Sexual? Children? Divorced?
• Employment – where did the person work, what job(s), etc.?
• How did he/she choose victims?
• How did he/she kill victims? and how did he/she dispose of them?
• What were the similarities between victims?
• Known mental illnesses?
• What type of Serial Murderer?
• Was the killer caught? When, how?
• What was/is his/her prison sentence?
• Is this person still alive? Where?

Profile of a  victim  should include (but not be limited to):

• Biographical information; age, gender, nationality, religion
• Employment & Education
• Family? Married? Children?
• Any known accomplishments?
• Any connection with killer?
• What was the person doing when caught by killer?
• Where did the death take place?
• Include photos of victim while alive

Constructing a good search can save you a lot of time and effort.  By creating better searches, you can eliminate many irrelevant hits.  The following search tips and strategies can help you find more relevant information.

Phrase Searching  - Putting "quotes" around your search words tells the database that you are looking for that exact phrase.

Example: "crime"

Try Different Wording  (synonyms) - Think of different words that describe your topic.

• Example: "crime"     Try: "corruption"

Try a Broader Search  - Sometimes you might choose keywords that overly specific. Try to think of a broader term that includes your topic.  The more general the search, more results are likely.

• Example: killers     Try: serial killers

Look for Limiters  - Search tools often present options for limiting by date or range of dates, full-text or specific format, publication type, etc.  Look for advanced search options to find search features that may not be obvious at first.

Important words or phrases within the text of articles, citations, or abstracts.

Subject Headings =

Specific vocabulary assigned by database indexers to describe the article content so all records on a given subject can be found in one search.

Keywords Terms

• Child Serial Killer
• Criminal Minds
• Criminal Profiling
• Criminal Psychology
• Mass Murders
• Multiple Murders
• Pairs of Serial Killers
• Perpetrator
• Serial Arson
• Serial Killer
• Serial Killings
• Serial Murderers
• Serial Rape
• Spree Murders
• Violent Crime 

Other Subject Terms

• Affective disorders.
• Antisocial personality disorders.
• Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
• Behavior disorders
• Behavior disorders in children.
• Borderline personality disorder.
• Conduct disorders
• Conduct disorders in children.
• Criminal behavior -- Genetic aspects.
• Criminal behavior.
• Criminal psychology.
• Depression, Mental.
• Drug abuse.
• Manic-depressive illness.
• Mental illness.
• Mental illness -- Prevention.
• Mentally ill -- Public opinion.
• Narcissism.
• Neurobehavioral disorders.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
• Personality disorders.
• Psychology.
• Psychology -- Research.
• Psychology, Pathological.
• Psychopaths.
• Psychotherapy.
• Schizophrenia.
• Separation anxiety in children.
• Sexual disorders.

Substance abus

Library Databases

See the list of databases that contains information about Serial Killers 

Online Periodicals

Go to these sites and do a search to find information. You can search with keywords (mental illness, crime, criminal behavior, mass murder, serial killers, etc.) or you can try searching for a specific individual (James Holmes, Zodiac Killer, Andrea Yates, Andrew Goldstein, Ted Bundy, etc.).

• Psychology Today
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• The Washington Post
• The New Yorker
• U.S. News & World Report
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Serial Killer Essays (Examples)

188+ documents containing “serial killer” .

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Serial killers.

Serial Killers have long fascinated the general public, not only because their crimes are so heinous, but also because they embody the extremes to which psychological disorders can take a person. In the name of psychological insight, the lives of serial killers are dissected down to the most minute detail in the hopes of understanding what factors contribute to making a 'monster'. The Crime Classification Manual defines serial murder as "three or more separate events in three or more separate locations with an emotional cooling off period in between the homicides." (Douglas et al., 1992). What motivates the serial killer is an area of much research. Whether we are any further ahead in our understanding of the psychotic personality is debatable, however. The question of environment vs. genetics is a matter of contention in the study of serial killers, as is the question of power vs. pleasure motive. y looking….

Bibliography

Connor, T. (2004). "The Holmes typology of serial murder." Downloaded July 18, 2004 from Web site: http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/428/428lect06.htm

Douglas, J., Burgess, A., & Ressler, R. (1992). Crime Classification Manual. Lexington, MA:

Lexington Books.

Douglas, J., & Olshaker, M. (1999). Anatomy of Motive. New York: Pocket Books.

Serial Killers Are Not Common but They

Serial killers are not common, but they are fascinating because of the need to understand the phenomenon. There is no one definition of a serial killer, but there are some defining characteristics that set them apart from other murderers. Serial killers present serious issues for law enforcement, due to the tendency for serial killers to blend in easily and appear "normal." There is no one exact definition of a serial killer, from a legal, historical, psychological, or sociological viewpoint. "In the past thirty years, multiple definitions of serial murder have been used by law enforcement, clinicians, academia, and researchers," (Blackwelder, 2010). "There has yet to be a universally accepted definition for serial murder," Nelson (2004) Definitions have differed over time, and differ according to context and culture (Nelson, 2004). B. Definitions of serial killer differ on the grounds of: Minimum number of murders: in some cases is 2, in others 3, and yet others the minimum number is….

Blackwelder, E. (2010). Serial killers: defining serial murder. Criminology Research Project. Retrieved online:  http://criminologyresearch.org/index.php?page=serial-killers-defining-serial-murder 

Lohr, D. Charles Manson is not a serial killer, experts say. Huffington Post. April 13, 2012. Retrieved online:  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/12/charles-manson-is-not-a-serial-killer_n_1422172.html 

Morton, R.J. & Hilts, M.A. (Eds.) Serial Murder: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigtors. U.S. Department of Justice: Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved online:  http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder/serial-murder-july-2008-pdf 

"Myths about Serial Murder," (n.d.). Northeastern University. Retrieved online:  http://www.northeastern.edu/sccj/about/news_items/story5.html

Serial Killers Addictive Pathology it

Currently the DSM-IV refers to both these as antisocial personality disorder with the following criteria: A. Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 as indicated by at least three of the following: 1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behavior. 2. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure. 3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead. 4. Irritability and aggressiveness. 5. Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others. 6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain work behavior or honor financial obligations. 7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by indifference to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another B. Individual is at least 18 years of age C. The occurrence of the behavior is not exclusively during the course of a schizophrenic or manic….

Works Cited

Egger, Steven a. Serial Murder an Elusive Phenomenon. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers,

Giannangelo, Stephen J. The Psychopathology of Serial Murder a Theory of Violence.

Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1996

Holmes R. And De Burger J. Serial Murder, CA: Newbury Park, Sage. 1988

Serial Killers in Modern Society

A lot of the serial killers recognize that killing these people are wrong, this is true because when they are finished with their crime, they find some kind of way to dispose of the body. Conclusion In the end, it is a scary fact is that the United Sates is the most leading serial killing country in the entire world. It appears that no other country can even match the U.S. It is obvious that new serial killers or cases seem to be popping up every year which can cause quite a bit of a panic from people. It is also a slightly scary thing that there are more serial killers running around that there are police that would actually admit it. . As Pat Brown makes the point earlier in the essay, serial killers actually believe that they cannot get caught. There is an arrogant side to all of them.….

Brown, P. (2005). Killing for Sport. Beverly Hills: New Millennium

Ramsland, K. a. (2007, May 6). "Serial Killer Culture.." Retrieved Janurary 22, 2013

Ressler, R.K. (2007). I Have Lived in the Monster. New York: 1st ed. New York: St. Martin's P,.

Serial Killer Social Construction Theories a Serial

Serial Killer Social Construction Theories A serial killer can be defined as a person who kills more than four victims in a moderately short period of time usually 72 hours (Larson, 2011). Serial killings usually take place in different locations and have no connection with the preceding assassination. For a serial killer, substantial gain is not the drive for killing his victim. Instead, it is his craving of power and strength over the 'prey' that motivates him to take an innocent life (Giannangelo, 1996). There are a number of theories that have been propounded in order to understand the origins, foundations and causes of the social construction of a serial killer. The first theory that needs to be discussed is the Social Process Theory. The childhood experiences of a serial murderer contribute significantly in his making into an atrocious 'animal'. The personality of a serial murderer is seriously affected by the early….

Egger, S.A., Doney, R.H., Ford, D.A., Hickey, E.W., Kiger, K., & Vetter, H. (1990). Serial Murder: A Synthesis of Literature and Research. Serial Murder: An Elusive Phenomenon. Westport, CT: Praeger. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9449994 

Giannangelo, S.J. (1996). The Psychopathology of Serial Murder: A Theory of Violence. Westport, CT: Praeger. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14272416 

Knight, Z.G. (2006). Some Thoughts on the Psychological Roots of the Behavior of Serial Killers as Narcissists: an Object Relations Perspective. Social Behavior and Personality,34(10), 1189+. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5035144408 

Larson, D. Serial Murderers: The Construction.sociology.uiowa.edu. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from http://www.sociology.uiowa.edu/newsoc/awards/papers/larsond.htm

Serial Killers Have Struck Fear in the

Serial killers have struck fear in the hearts of people, yet the public remains fascinated and intrigued by the crimes perpetrated by these individuals. There are several theories and factors that have been attributed to serial killers in an attempt to explain their behaviors. Furthermore, by identifying the behaviors that are exhibited by serial killers, law enforcement professionals are able to gather information about these serial killers that will assist in the apprehension of the criminal. In the majority of serial homicides, a motivating factor, in addition to domination and manipulation of a victim, is the sexual gratification and desire that is experienced by the serial killer. Serial killers murder individuals because they believe, and feel, that the act will fulfill them and they will continue to murder people as long as they can (Douglas 191). The definition of serial killer may be distinguished from that of a spree killer and/or….

Arrigo, Bruce. Criminal Behavior: A Systems Approach. Upper Saddle Creek, New Jersey:

Pearson Education, 2006. Print.

Douglas, John. & Mark Olshaker. The Anatomy of Motive. New York: A Lisa Drew

Book/Scribner, 1999. Print.

Serial Murderers Female Serial Killers

This is in direct contrast to male serial killers, who more often select random, unknown individuals as their victims (Mouzos & West, 2007). In fact, it is estimated that around 70% of female serial killers select family members or someone who is dependent on them as a victim. An example of this is both filicide and infanticide, which are crimes most commonly committed by women (Aki, 2003, cited in Mouzos & West, 2007). In addition to this, cases of health care professionals murdering their patients are women in around half of all cases, both in the U.S. And other countries (Yorker et al., 2006). The majority of these cases have occurred where the female in question was a nurse, murdering either children or elderly victims in their care. The explanation of this pattern is not clear, given that there is little in terms of extrinsic gains achieved. There is….

Davis, C.A. (2001). Women who Kill: Profiles of Female Serial Killers. London: Allison and Busby Limited.

Frei, a., Vollm, B., Graf, M. & Dittmann, V. (2006). Female serial killing: Review and case report. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 16(3): 167-176.

Hickey, E.W. (2002). Serial Murderers and Their Victims. 3rd Edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson Learning.

Kraemer, G.W., Lord, W.D. & Helibrun, K. (2004). Comparing single and serial homicide offenses. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22(3): 325-343.

Serial Killers Opening Statement Introduction

This is often seen as the most important aspect to focus on. However, it has also been realized that societal and cultural aspects can also influence the development of the serial killer. Psychological causes that are related to the psyche of the serial killer include the aforementioned Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Genetic predisposition and makeup are also given as a formative developmental cause of this crime. However, psychological and genetic aspects are often inadequate to explain the development of the serial killer. hile a convicted killer like Ted Bundy was subject to forms of psychological abuse as a child, yet one of the most notorious serial killers, Jeffery Dahmer, was "..., born to two parents who loved and wanted him. His child hood was a happy one. He loved animals, and did not have a bit of trouble. " However, "hen he reached the sixth grade, there was a downfall,….

Antisocial Personality Disorder. September 20, 2008.  http://www.karisable.com/crserial.htm 

Creekmore B. A psychological look into serial killers. September 20, 2008.  http://www.helium.com/items/203554-a-psychological-look-into-serial-killers 

Egger, Steven a., et al. Serial Murder: An Elusive Phenomenon. New York:

Praeger Publishers, 1990.

Serial Killers How to Identify Them

Serial Killers - Psychopathic Behavior One of the most common challenges impacting society, is determining when a person is showing psychopathic behavior. In the world of healthcare, these signs can underscore someone who is a serial killer that will strike out at the most vulnerable patients. This is the case with Kristen Gilbert. She was a respected nurse, who was known for her professionalism. However, between 1995 and 1996 over 40 people died on her watch. This raised concerns about her involvement in these incidents. (Farragher, 2000) After a lengthy investigation, she was sentenced to four consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole. It uncovered that Kristen was a very cold and calculating person. This led to her targeting veterans who trusted her and were unable to stand up for themselves. To fully understand the way the investigation evolved requires carefully examining the procedures, the role of the community, the levels….

Farragher, Thomas (2000). Caregiver or killer? Boston Globe Online / Metro | Region. Retrieved from:  http://cache.boston.com/globe/metro/packages/nurse/part1.htm 

Phelps, M.W. (2003). Perfect poison: A female serial killer's deadly medicine. New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation

Schechter, H. (2006). The A to Z. Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Tynan, Truly (1999). Nurse reportedly has history of violence. Retrieved from:  http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19991204/NEWS/312049970&cid=sitesearch

All of these killers had problem childhoods, often including sexual abuse. Almost all of them had some kind of psychological disorder, and many were declared criminally insane. All the killers had a compulsion to continue killing. None of them stopped with one or two victims, in fact, the more they killed the more they wanted to kill. In addition, most of the male serial killers became increasingly violent and disturbed as they continued to kill. Authors Fox and Levin state, "It is commonplace for serial killers to increase the level of brutality as they get bored with less vicious behavior and as they grow more comfortable with murder. It is also not unusual for them to branch out to more respectable victims as they become convinced that they are smarter than the police and will never be apprehended" (Fox, and Levin 76). Most of the killers admitted to what they….

Fox, James Alan, and Jack Levin. Overkill: Mass Murder and Serial Killing Exposed. New York: Plenum Press, 1994.

Giannangelo, Stephen J. The Psychopathology of Serial Murder a Theory of Violence. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1996.

Kelleher, Michael D., and C.L. Kelleher. Murder Most Rare the Female Serial Killer. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998.

Methvin, Eugene H. "The Face of Evil." National Review 23 Jan. 1995: 34+.

Serial Killer Named Dennis Rader

Dennis ader (the BTK Killer) Dennis ader BTK: The Killer Serial killers can be defined as people who murder at least three people in at least three separate occasions over a span of time mainly to satisfy themselves psychologically. While many of them suffer from Antisocial Personality Disorder, they adapt and present a normal front to people around them - a state Hervey Cleckley refers to as 'mask of sanity'. Some of the murders may have some sexual aspect to them. The murders may have been executed in such a way that there was some common characteristic in them. This could be sex, occupation, race, etc. Nonetheless, the victim's and the serial killer's race is seldom the same (Vronsky, 2004). It is not yet known who exactly coined the term serial killer. Many believe that obert essler, an FBI agent, or obert D. Keppel may have been the one who coined it. The….

LaBrode, R.T. (2007). Etiology of the psychopathic serial killer: An analysis of antisocial personality disorder, psychopathy, and serial killer personality and crime scene characteristics. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 7(2), 151.

Bardsley, M., Bell, R., & Lohr, D. (n.d.). Legal Matters: Dennis Rader Update. Retrieved November 19, 2014, from Crime Library: http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/unsolved/btk/42.html

Bardsley, M., Bell, R., & Lohr, D. (n.d.). The BTK Story. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from Crime Library: http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/unsolved/btk/18.html

Bardsley, M., Bell, R., & Lohr, D. (n.d.). The Psychopathic Mind. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from Crime Library: http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/unsolved/btk/40.html

Link Between Forensic Psychiatry Serial Killers and Mass Murderers

Serial and Mass Murders: Forensic Psychiatry at Its Best Forensic Psychiatry: Mass Murderers and Serial Killers The status of Forensic Psychiatry has suffered ignominy regarding its ethical standpoint and pragmatic effectiveness for far too long (Arboleda-Florez, 2006). That it has at all been able to gain significance as a super specialty has been mainly due to the diligent and sustained efforts of a few scattered handfuls of them who chose to brave the convicts and study prison inmates. Today, the contributions of such forensic super specialists in the legal proceedings are proving to have a major influence in lawsuits involving mass murders as well as serial murders. The journey of Forensic Psychiatric has greatly benefitted in medico-legal adjudications in recent times. From being able to cast an offender solely as a criminal to a mentally abnormal, as well as, that requires a different treatment than being simply banished from social life is an….

Arboleda-Florez, J. (2006). Forensic psychiatry: contemporary scope, challenges and controversies. World Psychiatry, 5(2): 87 -- 91.

Pinals, D.A. (2005). Where two roads meet: restoration of competence to stand trial from a clinical perspective. Journal of Criminal and Civil Confinement; 31:81 -- 108.

Konrad, N. (2002). Prisons as new hospitals. Curr Opin Psychiatry; 15:582 -- 587.

Macculloch, M., John Bailey & Catherine Robinson. (1995). Mentally disordered attackers and killers: Towards a taxonomy. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry. Volume 6, Issue 1, pages 41-61

Signs of a Serial Killer as a Youth

Serial Killers Early Signs of a Serial Killer hile every serial killer is different, there are certain signs that tend to be common to them. Many of these signs are seen well before adulthood, some even as early as childhood. Some of the major signs include a tendency for aggressive behavior, a tendency to engage in sadist behavior, an obsession with examples of behavior linked to serial killing, and a lack of empathy for others. Each of these four major signs will now be looked at in more detail. One aspect of behavior that is common to serial killers is a tendency for aggressive behavior. Aggression is defined as "behavior intended to injure another person" (Seamon & Kenrick 592). This aggression can be physical, for example, in the form of hitting another person. It can also be non-physical, for example, calling someone a hostile name. Aggression often begins as early as childhood. At this….

Butcher, J.N., Mineka, S., & Hooley, J.M. Abnormal Psychology. Boston: MA: Pearson Education.

Erikson, E.H. Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994.

Eron, L. The development of aggressive behavior from the perspective of a developing behaviorism. American Psychologist 42.5 (1987): 435-442.

Petersen, A.C. (1988). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology 39: 583-608.

A Serial Killers Perspective in Victim Selection

Serial Killers and Victim Selection A serial killer is a term used to describe a person who undertakes a series of crimes exceeding three in number with the killing exhibiting a common characteristic (Knight & Zelda, 2006). The depicted common characteristic suggests the possibility that the murder crimes were undertaken by one person (Knight & Zelda, 2006). In the study of serial killers, criminologists have drawn links between the offenders and their victims. It is, however, notable that, between team serial killers and the individual murders, there exist some similarities and differences. Team serial killers are made up of two or more killers undertaking their operations as a team to select their victim, to subdue them and kill them. Both team and individual serials killers are said to derive pleasure and a sense of control over their victims as the victim displays a sense of fear and helplessness in the eyes of….

Bartels, R., & Ceri P. (2009). "The Social Construction of a Serial Killer.." Feminism & Psychology, 19(2), 267-280.

Knight, & Zelda, G. (2006). "Some Thoughts on the Psychological Roots of the Behavior of Serial Killers as Narcissists: An Object Relations Perspective.." Social Behavior and Personality, 34(10), 1189-1206.

Winter, & David. (2007). Construing the Construction Processes of Serial Killers and Other Violent Offenders: (The Analysis of Narratives.). Journal of Constructivist Psychology 20(1), 1-22.

Feminist Film Theory and Serial Killers

serial killers and feminism. The writer uses a book and a film to explore what the feminist film contributes to the understanding by society of serial killers. There were two sources used to complete this paper. Very few things strike fear in the hearts of Americans the way that serial killers do. Serial killers place terror in the hearts of many because of their very unpredictability. They strike without warning and there doesn't seem to be a logical reason for the pattern that they choose initially. Once the pattern begins to emerge there is often a reason or pattern for the choices the killer makes in victims, but initially it seems like nothing more than a crap shoot and people are afraid of their strikes. For many years people have studied the patterns and lives of serial killers in the effort to establish how they are created. Other studies are….

Clover, Carol. Men, Women and Chainsaws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film. Princeton University Press, 1992.

Seltzer, Mark. Serial Killers: Death and Life in America's Wound Culture. Routledge Publisher 1998.

I am doing MS in Clinical Psychology. I am searching for a good topic for my thesis. Can you suggest a good one?

While psychology refers to the study of the mind, clinical psychology specifically refers to that branch of the discipline that focuses on using psychology to create positive change, whether in individual lives or in the community as a whole.  There is a wide variety of topics you could approach in your thesis , depending on what topic interests you the most.  

Topic Ideas

• The diagnosis of mental disorders in children: how young is too young to diagnose and does a diagnosis turn into a self-fulfilling prophecy for young children?

What subtopics can I write about for serial killers being my main essay topic?

Serial killers are a topic that has fascinated people, beginning before the term was even coined.  They have been romanticized in pop culture, but their crimes seem to be rooted in a personality disorder that keeps them from empathizing with others.  They kill in a variety of ways and, when left unchecked, the number of people that they can kill can get into the 100s. 

Some subtopics to consider when writing about serial killers for your essay topic are:

• The role of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) in serial murders.

I\'m working on a research paper for criminal investigation, an APA style, and I\'m looking for help on topics

Criminal investigation is a broad field of study that covers any and all of the elements that go into solving a crime and building a legal case against the suspects.  Considered one of the applied sciences, there are actually several career paths for the criminal investigator.  Likewise, people from different disciplines may find themselves doing criminal investigative work.  For example, as science has evolved, the role of geneticists and genetic genealogists in criminal investigation and forensic science has really explored. 

When writing your paper, you have two distinct approaches you can take.  You can write a....

Trying to figure out a title for my essay it’s about why dating apps are not ok I’m doing an argument essay.

Given the popularity of online dating and dating apps , writing an argumentative essay against online dating is a good choice.  It is always more interesting to write a position paper that may be unusual, because it is unlikely to recycle the same arguments that your professor will see in other papers.  There is actually a myriad of reasons that online dating may not be as successful (or as safe) as traditional in-person dating, and any of these reasons could serve as the basis for an argumentative essay.  They include but are not limited to potential....

Criminal Justice

Serial Killers have long fascinated the general public, not only because their crimes are so heinous, but also because they embody the extremes to which psychological disorders can take…

Serial killers are not common, but they are fascinating because of the need to understand the phenomenon. There is no one definition of a serial killer, but there are some…

Currently the DSM-IV refers to both these as antisocial personality disorder with the following criteria: A. Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring…

Research Paper

A lot of the serial killers recognize that killing these people are wrong, this is true because when they are finished with their crime, they find some kind…

Family and Marriage

Serial Killer Social Construction Theories A serial killer can be defined as a person who kills more than four victims in a moderately short period of time usually 72 hours…

Serial killers have struck fear in the hearts of people, yet the public remains fascinated and intrigued by the crimes perpetrated by these individuals. There are several theories and…

Sports - Women

This is in direct contrast to male serial killers, who more often select random, unknown individuals as their victims (Mouzos & West, 2007). In fact, it is estimated…

Research Proposal

This is often seen as the most important aspect to focus on. However, it has also been realized that societal and cultural aspects can also influence the development…

Serial Killers - Psychopathic Behavior One of the most common challenges impacting society, is determining when a person is showing psychopathic behavior. In the world of healthcare, these signs can…

All of these killers had problem childhoods, often including sexual abuse. Almost all of them had some kind of psychological disorder, and many were declared criminally insane. All the…

Dennis ader (the BTK Killer) Dennis ader BTK: The Killer Serial killers can be defined as people who murder at least three people in at least three separate occasions over a…

Serial and Mass Murders: Forensic Psychiatry at Its Best Forensic Psychiatry: Mass Murderers and Serial Killers The status of Forensic Psychiatry has suffered ignominy regarding its ethical standpoint and pragmatic effectiveness…

Serial Killers Early Signs of a Serial Killer hile every serial killer is different, there are certain signs that tend to be common to them. Many of these signs are seen…

Serial Killers and Victim Selection A serial killer is a term used to describe a person who undertakes a series of crimes exceeding three in number with the killing exhibiting…

serial killers and feminism. The writer uses a book and a film to explore what the feminist film contributes to the understanding by society of serial killers. There…

Home — Essay Samples — Law, Crime & Punishment — Serial Killer — Research Paper on What Makes a Serial Killer

Research Paper on What Makes a Serial Killer

• Categories: Criminal Psychology Nature Versus Nurture Serial Killer

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Words: 1568 |

Published: Dec 3, 2020

Words: 1568 | Pages: 3 | 8 min read

Works Cited

• Holmes, R. M., & Holmes, S. T. (2002). Serial Murder. SAGE Publications.
• Hickey, E. W. (2013). Serial murderers and their victims (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
• Schlesinger, L. B., & Revitch, E. (2017). Serial Killers: A Cross-Cultural Study Between Germany and America. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 28(1), 126-141.
• Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2018). Criminal behavior: A psychological approach (11th ed.). Pearson.
• Ressler, R. K., Burgess, A. W., & Douglas, J. E. (1988). Sexual Homicide: Patterns and Motives. Lexington Books.
• Fox, J. A., & Levin, J. (2012). Extreme Killing: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder. SAGE Publications.
• Keppel, R. D., & Birnes, W. J. (2003). The Psychology of Serial Killer Investigations: The Grisly Business Unit. Academic Press.
• Vronsky, P. (2004). Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters. Berkley Books.
• Holmes, R. M., Holmes, S. T., & Holmes, R. M. (2009). Profiling violent crimes : An investigative tool (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
• Canter, D. (2004). Criminal Shadows: Inside the Mind of the Serial Killer. HarperCollins.

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Hello everyone,

I have been researching women who write to serial killers for the last few months and would be absolutely delighted if someone would be willing to talk to me about their experiences. I think often women who write to serial killers are portrayed very one sidedly and this might be a good opportunity to get your point of view across. My email address is sophculli [at] yahoo.co.uk rel="nofollow" please do get in touch.

I'm actually friends with a serial killer. William Holbert AKA "Wild Bill". You have to be careful when talking to them. When I first started talking to him he said he was a hitman and worked for the cartel but I was watching Dateline Secrets Uncovered and they did an episode on him and what they said was totally different then what he said. What he really did was kill 5 Americans in Panama for their property but I believe he killed more then them.

I guess everyone different in there case as an individual; but i am not game to talk to one, like i would not have the courage to talk to people on death row (lucky death row is in not in Australia) ); thats my limits, i got too much of an soft heart to think about it and it would do my head in especially on the day of thier passing; a question for the people who talks to people on death row, how you manage your self, when they they know there are going to die and you come close to that person (friendship or relationship)?

Yep! But I wonder what the findings were?

hi just reading the post, sadly my brother got accused by being an  Pedophilia , my own mum accused him touching our own sister, he stayed in prison for 3 months and i faced him as i want to know the truth, this is the kid i grow him up as i am an oldest sibling, i was worried what he was going to say; i said brother did you done this, he looked in my eyes and said no sister, i had to ask him three times and at the end he burst into tears, and he said sister; please belive me, i would not do this, i would not touch our sister like this; i believe him he was innocent, he was sitting her facing these charges that he never do!! i faced my mother and said why did you done this too your own son, you know his facing these crimes that he not do, my mother said she just wanted him out of the house as her OWN boyfriend did not like him and her Own boyfriend said to choose her son or me, i got mad at my mother and told her to go to the police station to tell the truth that she made it all up and she even visited my own brother while he was inside, i do not know for what, maybe freaking him out more... my mother is an very sick women she loves court, this is the not first time she send an innocent man to prison, she done to my siblings father (the little ones); seriously i do not know why she does this but she does, crying out as an victim,  we used to get bashed from our mother if we do not tell these lies!!

by saying this my brother was very lucky and he had an hard life, but how many innocent people go to prison just over an lie!! with serial killiers i would not face one as i would not know what would they say or how to talk to one, but i was readiing a book about murders; do you know how many women face murder in the past, especially over domestic violence and money.. for example when life insurance first came out, it was simple way to make money, as you did not have to have evidence how that person dies, so just kill your partner and you get the money from the insurance company so you be debt free!! or just black mail an guy to put your name on there will and then kill them and you would get his money etc. so its just simple to thier eyes.. so by saying i think seriel killers just look for a motive in thier pass and then just kill them, i guess!! 

They may have studied Dahmers but I know they did that with Gacys brain...After they were done with their tests Helen Morrison is the psychiatrist that now has it. I thought that was wild that she would actually want to keep it, and if I remember right she gave a piece of it to Zak Bagans...or maybe she just let him hold it, that part I'm not quite sure about. 

Ella...if you do write, be upfront on why you are writing, as Northern said, tell him that you are only writing for educational purposes and not to offer friendship..

@ Ella  I'll be honest, I bristle when college students want to write prisoners to earn an A. You have to remember that these are still people and not sideshow attractions. They have so few contacts on the outside that it can mean the world to them to have someone write to them. Having said that though, there is a serial killer on the WAP site named Robert Minton of Ohio. 

Hi everyone, I am a current college student and I am doing one of my research papers on a serial killer and think it would be educationally beneficial for me to contact one and kind of get a serial killers side on the reasons to why they choose to murder. I think not only will this help create an interesting atmosphere to my paper but also allow the killer to, in his own words, explain the method behind their madness. I have been searching writeaprisoner.com for some time now looking for a serial killer but I have had no luck. I would appreciate any helpful pointers on how I can access one. I am approaching them with nothing but respect and curiousity to learn more about them, so please keep in mind this is for educational puroses only. Thanks in advance!

Me too! I have been a secret admirer of Ressler for a long time. Read his books, seen him on tv interviews, seems like a good man.

Sounds like Officer Reesler wants, wishes, hopes that ALL life could be sacred and that NO ONE would have to die a heinous death, by his comments. I like him already. Sounds interesting. *My comment in no way endorses the coddling of Dahmer or anyone like him.

Exactly. I liked him too and I wish all officers would take a tip out of his play book.

[QUOTE=ArtemisIsLove;1006944]Reviving this old thread since so much of it ended up discussing Dahmer.

I just watched a show called "Twisted" and the subject was Jeffrey Dahmer. Believe it or not, this is probably the most in depth thing I have ever watched about Dahmer and I'll tell you what I found most interesting about it.

A good amount of the show revolved around interviewing the officer (Robert Ressler) who had the longest interview with Dahmer and he thought that he was insane though under Wisconsin law there was no way that that could happen because he knew what he was doing was wrong. Of course the officer was saying if you are killing and [B]eating[/B] someone, then how can you be sane? But the most interesting thing about this officer and his recollection of events, is that despite sitting there for hours in front of someone accused of such heinous events, he never referred to him as a "monster" or any of the like. As a matter of fact, he said that when he heard about Dahmer's death he was saddened because no person should be killed that way.

It was interesting if none of you have seen it. I'm not even going to try to find a link because half the time what I can see here in this country can't be seen by you guys overseas, but if you google the TV show Twisted, apparently the Dahmer episode is Season 1, Episode 1. Definitely worth the watch.[/QUOTE]

i am looking by myself to write with prisoners,but it's hard to find sites that are free or where you can write to them.

Hello??? You're on Writeaprisoner.com.....

if i knew who is writing to serial killers, i would say.i am looking by myself to write with prisoners,but it's hard to find sites that are free or where you can write to them.i have written once,many years ago, i think about 15 years or so,written with a woman that was in death row and i must say, it was open minded.the things that she told what she has done and so.i had a good connection with her, but at 1 day the letters stopped and i have find out that she has the injection.a

Sometimes, to the killer, the victim(s) aren't random nor innocent, in their eyes. I'm not currently writing to a serial killer, but wouldn't rule it out. I know that if i was to ever go to prison, it'd be for that very thing.

did anyone else catch this ?or am i not understanding what was said..if kisty goes to prison it would be for serial killing?????????????????///

Reviving this old thread since so much of it ended up discussing Dahmer.

It was interesting if none of you have seen it. I'm not even going to try to find a link because half the time what I can see here in this country can't be seen by you guys overseas, but if you google the TV show Twisted, apparently the Dahmer episode is Season 1, Episode 1. Definitely worth the watch.

My impression of Dahmer is that he's different from other serial killers in that he didn't have an urge to kill, he didn't like that, he had an urge to have a body with him. The killing was just a means to an end.

my mistake, it was my understanding that in addition to road kill he did in fact harm animals when he was young

Common mistake to make about Dahmer. He was indeed a serial killer, and MOST serial killers DID/DO torture animals at a young age. So why did Dahmer not? Who knows.. we will never know. What we can say we DO know is that Dahmer did very likely NOT torture animals;[B] he[/B] never said he did, [B]his parents[/B] never said he did, [B]phsyciatrists that interview him in depth[/B] never got the notion that he did.

As with most of his ilk, he began with torturing animals...and had a sick interest in road kill animals as well. Studies done and shown that MOST serial killers began their killing careers in this same way, hurting/killing animals. The red flags were there for a long, long time.

My understanding from hearing the interview, Jeffery Dahmer did not kill/torcher live animals also. His interest was in road kill, the body of (workings).

Which with all other issues going on, thru his yrs growing up around him and internally progressed to what made the perfect circumstances coming together to create what he evolved to" he could not control, yet somehow found control along with being close (in his mind) as could to be with the ones he found attractive. A part of him now in his mind......wow...

Dahmer did not torture animals. He is different from most serial killers in this manner. He cut open, looked at and felt the inside of dead animals - animals that were already dead when he found them; thus his fascination for road kill.

So far watching the Stone Dahmer Interview, I feel much is not being said by both parents. No one will really know what went on in that house while they were together, except they did not have a good marriage. The books I am sure, like this interview will go no where, the parents have such split personalitys and views. He said she said, and then media...

I do find it compelling that the dad had fantasys of murder and Jeffery murdered. I see the dad as coming across distant as one who is tighly in control of himself, I see Jeffery as his fantasy is being in control of others. At the same time I see both in control of how much they will speak of their feelings, past(when young) and present.

Same peculiar traits in them both(dad/son). One the son took his trait the other direction. I do not blame either parent, yet I find answers "some" to reasons a young boy, then teen would end up going off the deep. The household stress, the coming of age thru split ups and being left alone, the gay part of Jeffery with no communication with dad especially for a boy going on. Then the drinking when the dad was living close to him. Being gay when young is hard to deal when no real support of understanding of.

It appears the younger son raised by the mother and her family came out doing fine.....

At the end I do believe both parents loved their son.

Jeffery and his dad both had the same humble appearence in the interview, they are the ones who had odd fantasys. The mom acts off key but she has had no fantasys as dad and jeffery, or acted them out.

Peanut2; I'll recommend you read Lionel Dahmer's book "A Father's Story" and Brian Masters' book "The Shrine of Jeffrey Dahmer". I believe both are available through Amazon. You will also find a long interview on YouTube, in where Stone Phillips interviews both Jeffrey Dahmer, Lionel Dahmer and Joyce Flint (just type "Stone Dahmer interview" in the search box). There are also one or two biographies on Dahmer there.

I don't totally understand what you are saying. There's some really great books on the subject that I recommend if you are interested in Dahmer's history.

If one knows a spouse or ex spouse is having issues the spouse/or ex needs to help the kids. I do not think the dad did.............I feel for her if mental problems what's the dads excuse?

If the Mom had problems, where was J.Dahmers Dad, for his son?

Who did Jeffery Dahmer live with after the divorce? I did not know she passed, sad really sad........

Jeffrey Dahmer did not live with anyone after the divorce. His father lived in a near by motel, while his mother took his younger brother to live live with her family . Jeffrey Dahmer had the house to himself for quite some time until his father and his father's new wife moved "back" in. Dahmer later lived with his grandmother for some years, but he also had his own apartment for several years.

The source? The Mom.

Joyce Flint, Jeffrey Dahmer's mother, died of cancer in 2000. She and Lionel Dahmer were divorced years before Dahmer's arrest - before his first killing, even.

Who did Jeffery Dahmer live with after the divorce?

I did not know she passed, sad really sad........

Extreme mental or emotional isues? What are the issues. from what source?

.... Dahmer's Mom, no wonder the poor lady is looney now, a serial killer son, public hate, and her hubby statements towards her....

Might want to check your facts peanut. The Mom had extreme mental issues way before Dahmer starting killing.

I agree, the father also likes to place a lot of negative towards Dahmer's Mom, no wonder the poor lady is looney now, a serial killer son, public hate, and her hubby statements towards her... The Dad fronts being humble, he is a douchbag...........in my opinion.

The father is a bit of a sanctimonious douchebag, in his interviews he all but comes out and says that Dahmer did these things because he wasn't a christian at the time.

I agree, the father also likes to place a lot of negative towards Dahmer's Mom, no wonder the poor lady is looney now, a serial killer son, public hate, and her hubby statements towards her...

The Dad fronts being humble, he is a douchbag...........in my opinion.

I disagree. In the interviews I have seen of Dahmer's Dad I find him to be a respectable and humble man. He seems like every "normal" middle class American Dad. (His Mom, that's another story, she is a loose canon). In the interviews i have seen I see him honestly struggle to find a reason that he committed these crimes, including wondering what his own roll was in his son's gruesome crimes.

Jeffrey Dahmer's brain was not studied. His brain was however preserved through a year-long legal battle between his parents; his mother wanted his brain studied, his father did not. The courts sided with his father.

Oh my god his poor parents.

Wasn't it Dahmer, they studied his brain after death?

It can be shown Peanut, but when alive. And they know what's wrong with this people in most cases. They are not born with it as far as I know, it's a weird triangle of riskfactors; genes, personality, environment, etc. Fascinating indeed.

Aww it can show up but when alive.. didnt know that.

I read where they studied Gacys brain after' death and brain appeared normal. They are keeping it so if technology comes up with better options for the future to test again. Gives me chills

Ooh I really want to read that book, I've been juggling it for a while. How highly do you recommend it?

Very highly. I would say if you are interested in sociopaths its the best book you can get. I have read it twice, its excellent.

Correct! There are distinct differences in their brains. Sociopaths are very dangerous creatures. Their main skill is 'acting' - they study their victim, learn how to copy the correct emotional responses, so that they appear normal. They abhor weakness, even though they thrive on it. Their victims are usually chosen because of their vulnerability, weakness or emotional personality. They cry, laugh and even profess love, but those are not emotions they feel, they are emotions that they learn to display to blend in. It is when they are blended in they are at their most dangerous. The average citizen fails to spot a sociopath, simply because we are not looking! This is their power. Anyone who is interested in the subject and it is very fascinating, the book 'The Sociopath Next Door' Martha Stout is probably one of the best books to ever read on the subject. It's chilling ...

Queenbella, thanks for exlaining this to me. I was really wondering, not attacking and you understood. Thanks. The reason for me asking it, is because I think indeed serial killers are fascinating. Because they ARE sick. But you know, rapists are sick, too. Maybe in another way; I can also see how one can 'snap' and kill someone while raping someone is something completely different and doesn't happen in 'a snap' that easy. But they are both sick. If we talk about childhoods or personality disorders and such we can state that probably they have different illnesses, but they HAVE illnesses none the less. If I think about people who talk about a rape victims' lief, how it's ruined forever; I understand that. But also a lot of lives get ruined when someone is murdered. Victims in both cases have probably been scared to death.The reason I don't want to write to either one of them: I tend to feel compassion for all people. Besides that ofcourse my study makes me ALWAYS look into the mind of a person that commits a crime. But sometimes that's hard also. I am human too. Sometimes I wish I would not always look into a case as a psychologist. Because I sometimes want to get plain mad too. But I can't. So for me; they are equal all good or all bad, but in different ways. **** this is SO hard for me to explain. Hope you guys understand.

What's really sad to me is that some murderers don't get that they've affected the family lives of their own and the victims family and the community at large. Much more victim awareness class is needed in the prisons. When you're brought up literally from childhood in the gang mentality or the "we all sell drugs" mentality, empathy can be far from your mind. I'm not excusing it, just saying, it proliferates. Stopping the cycle at least in prison stops it somewhere. I've seen it happen to my pp. He has stopped because of understanding empathy. Some minds are broken and cannot grasp empathy... I think that's the difference in murderers. Broken minded or crime of the heat of the moment/ sanctioned and nearly encourged by the culture you grew up in.

Queenbella, thanks for exlaining this to me. I was really wondering, not attacking and you understood. Thanks. The reason for me asking it, is because I think indeed serial killers are fascinating. Because they ARE sick. But you know, rapists are sick, too. Maybe in another way; I can also see how one can 'snap' and kill someone while raping someone is something completely different and doesn't happen in 'a snap' that easy. But they are both sick. If we talk about childhoods or personality disorders and such we can state that probably they have different illnesses, but they HAVE illnesses none the less.

Sure you have some rapists that are sick too, I believe I addressed that in my previous post. But it happens more often that the rapist in questions ISN'T sick. No mental illness whatsoever. However, I do understand what you were trying to say though... :)

Agree with that though. Never read the book, thanks for the tip!

That's the best description I have ever seen of serial killers I have seen a layman give. Sociopaths/Psychopaths cannot be helped, as its not really classed as a mental illness, its a personality disorder. Friends to them are tools to play with, control and use. I can't imagine not 'feeling' to me, that is as close to death as you can be whilst still breathing. I have no empathy with them. They are monsters and the worst bit is, they like being monsters.

I do agree with what Crabhooves said, where you replied on CP. a Personality disorder IS a mental illness. a Lack of conscience too. Well...at least it's a symptom that comes along with all sorts of mental illnesses (some forms of autism, personality disorders). People with personality disorders sometimes do not 'don't feel' but feel very intense!! Sick, but intense!

Serial killers have no remorse due to they do not see victims as humans to begin with. Only as inatimate objects, addicted to brutality. To me it is like yes, the serial killers have normal looking bodies, a brain that on testing after death to technology today appear normal when studied after their death. Maybe future tech will find a answer if indeed a diff in the brain matter someday in the future. For now my view is the body looks normal, brain according to studies, but how do we find tha alusive humanity maybe some call a soul/spirit or other is missing. Never know?

Yup. It was him.

You know... I thought his mum agreed with that but his father rejected it so it never took place?

You know... Looking at it from a different point of view... most (if not all) pedophiles are mentally ill. How many times is it that the pedophile in question was abused as a child himself? Picture this: A kid's first sexual experience is one where they're being abused/molested... it leaves scars. Major ones at that. The abuser says " it's okay... there is nothing wrong with this".. It's not at all shocking to me that this kid will grow up to believe that it's okay to touch little kids. It's twisted, no doubt about it, but it IS how that individual sees it. If you were to trace back a pedophiles history, I bet you would find a long line of abusers. The one that abused the pedophile was also abused, the one that abused the abuser was also abused.,. and so on. I have a friend, she was abused for most of her childhood. Sexually, psychologically, you name it. Her very first sexual experience was of her being raped. Tied down, the whole shebang. 'til this very day, she can't enjoy sex unless it's very rough and rape-esque. She hates it, and she's trying to change it,, but it's HARD for her. And why? because it's all she knows. Had she experience a NORMAL first time, I bet she wouldn't be the way she is now. The brain works in mysterious ways. Aahh.. the human Psyche. It's a complicated and yet very wonderful thing.

Infact, just thinking, i remember a docu that louis theroux done, it was mentioned on here a few months back too about paedophiles. I remember watching that. It made me sick to my stomach, yet it still perplexed me. Some said they had attractions to minors, some were trying to blame past events in their lives, and one man laughed while getting interviewed and had no remorse. Was a very interesting docu, but i'm still none the wiser lol

I have seen that one too, long time ago. And you know what really bothered me? That there was barely therapy for them! One of them said 'Yeah, I was sexually attracted to young kids one time, but not anymore'. And he was portraited as a good behavior guy (if I remember well). You know, if your sexuality is that you are falling for kids, it can't go away. Just like homosexuality. The only thing that can be done is get behavioral treatment and work on that conscious, that it's simply forbidden and very harmfull to touch kids. I was really in shock that in that particular prison they didn't work enough on that but let the prisoners say what they wanted to hear 'I don't feel like that anymore'. (****, does someone understand what I am saying?). That's such a wrong way to approach it!

[QUOTE=queenbella;993267]No problem with the mixing. I don't know if I can give you a clear answer, but I'll do my best none the less.

There is a difference between understanding/exploring the mind of a (serial) killer and condoning what he has done. Let me start by setting that straight. While I am very much so interested in how (serial) killers' minds work, What motivates them, what drives them to do what they do... it doesn't mean that I'm A-OKAY with the fact that they killed someone. I just like knowing the WHY. For as long as I can remember, I have always wanted to know WHY. with EVERYTHING in life. I'm just very curious like that, and I don't really know WHY that is. It's merely from a somewhat psychological point of view, that I would want to pick their brains. Ya know?

As for why I would judge a rapist? I would judge any rapist, no matter how old they were. Why? Because rape is wrong. Yes, I know that may sound twisted considering the fact that I would gladly sit down and pick a (Serial) killers brain. Hmm how do I explain this..

With most (if not all), Serial killers... 7 to 8 out of 10 times: they have some form of mental illness/horrible childhood. [B]Now don't get me wrong, I'm not saying they should blame all their actions on the fact that they're sick..[/B] but you can't ignore it either. As for a rapist, how often is a rapist mentally ill? Sure you have cases where a rapist is in fact mentally ill and their actions were caused partly by their illness, but that's a whole other story. A rapist is generally speaking very well aware of what they're doing, not mentally ill at all. And I guess, FOR ME.. therein lies the difference.

A serial killer with mucho issues can STILL be aware of his surroundings and what he's doing, I'm not trying to make it sound like serial killers are so affected by their illness that they walk around in a constant state of haziness and just walk around like zombies without thinking.. Despite their illness , of course they can still be very aware of what they're doing. But they justify what they're doing in their head. They have a reason, as twisted as that reason may be, to them it's not.

When people say "serial killers are sick. They're seriously SICK!".. Of course it comes across as everyone saying expressing their disgust about their actions. But the fact is,. they ARE sick. Mentally ill. Some even Coocoo!

I totally lost my train of thought. I also forgot what I was trying to say... :/. my bad.[/QUOTE]

If I think about people who talk about a rape victims' lief, how it's ruined forever; I understand that. But also a lot of lives get ruined when someone is murdered. Victims in both cases have probably been scared to death.The reason I don't want to write to either one of them: I tend to feel compassion for all people. Besides that ofcourse my study makes me ALWAYS look into the mind of a person that commits a crime. But sometimes that's hard also. I am human too. Sometimes I wish I would not always look into a case as a psychologist. Because I sometimes want to get plain mad too. But I can't. So for me; they are equal all good or all bad, but in different ways. **** this is SO hard for me to explain. Hope you guys understand.

Is it just me , or does anyone else feel a bit like we are a "case study" for other people like the original poster..Ms.Browne? I doubt someone like her would venture onto this forum unless there was money in it...which if she wants to use our experiances and document them then there is money in it. IF i were writing to a serial killer, which i am not, but IF i were, the relationship would be private and as alot of these people have mental ISSUES, trust would not come easily to them ,and then someone like this would just blow it ;our trust and friendship,out of the water!!! Just the way i feel...gets my back up a bit that we are put in a group, rather than the individuals that we are. Ok..off soap box now...and breathe:bath:

Writing About a Fictional Serial Killer: The Comprehensive Guide

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Writing about a fictional serial killer can be a daunting task for any writer. It requires a delicate balance of sensitivity and accuracy to create a compelling story that doesn’t glorify or romanticize the horrific acts of a killer. However, with the right approach, a writer can create a gripping narrative that explores the psychology of a serial killer while also engaging readers.

One of the first steps in writing a book about a serial killer is to thoroughly research the subject matter. This includes studying real-life cases, reading books and articles about serial killers, and consulting with experts in the field. It’s important to approach the subject matter with sensitivity and accuracy, as the portrayal of a serial killer can have a significant impact on readers.

When it comes to writing, there are many different approaches to consider. Some writers prefer to focus on the killer’s perspective, while others choose to explore the impact of their actions on the victims and their families. Regardless of the approach, it’s important to create a well-rounded narrative that doesn’t rely solely on shock value or graphic violence. By crafting a thoughtful and nuanced story , a writer can engage readers while also shedding light on the complex and disturbing world of serial killers.

Understanding the Genre

Defining Crime Fiction and Thrillers

Crime fiction and thrillers are two closely related genres that often overlap. Crime fiction typically involves a crime or series of crimes that need to be solved, often by a detective or law enforcement officer. The focus is on the investigation and the process of solving the crime, rather than the criminal themselves. Thrillers, on the other hand, often focus on the criminal and their motivations. They are typically more suspenseful and action-packed than crime fiction, with higher stakes and more danger.

Serial killer stories often fall under the umbrella of both crime fiction and thrillers. They involve a series of murders committed by the same individual and the investigation and pursuit of that individual by law enforcement. However, they also often delve into the psyche of the killer and their motivations, making them more thrilling and suspenseful than traditional crime fiction.

The Role of Mystery and Drama in Serial Killer Stories

Mystery and drama are two key components of serial killer stories. The mystery lies in the identity of the killer and their motivations, which are often revealed slowly throughout the story. This creates a sense of tension and anticipation as the reader tries to piece together the clues and solve the mystery themselves.

Drama, on the other hand, comes from the emotional impact of the murders on the characters involved. Serial killer stories often involve a personal connection between the killer and the investigator, such as a past relationship or a shared history. This adds an extra layer of drama and tension to the story, as the characters must navigate their relationships while also trying to solve the case.

Overall, serial killer stories are a unique and complex genre that requires a delicate balance of mystery, drama, and suspense. By understanding the key components of the genre, writers can create compelling and engaging stories that keep readers on the edge of their seats.

Character Development

Developing the characters in a fictional serial killer story is crucial to creating a compelling and believable narrative. The characters must be well-rounded and dynamic, with distinct personalities and motivations that drive the plot forward. In this section, we will explore the different aspects of character development in a fictional serial killer story.

Crafting the Serial Killer’s Profile

Creating a well-crafted profile for the serial killer is essential to building a realistic and engaging character. The writer must consider the killer’s background, upbringing, and personality traits to create a believable motive for their actions. It is also important to give the character depth and complexity, rather than simply portraying them as a one-dimensional monster.

Developing the Protagonist and Supporting Cast

In addition to the serial killer, the protagonist and supporting cast are also essential to the story’s success . The protagonist must be relatable and likable, with their unique backstory and motivations. The supporting cast should also be well-developed, with distinct personalities and relationships with the protagonist.

Humanizing Victims and Their Stories

It is essential to humanize the victims in a fictional serial killer story and tell their stories with dignity and respect. The writer must avoid portraying the victims as mere props or plot devices and instead focus on their lives and relationships. This can be achieved by giving them their backstory and motivations, as well as exploring their relationships with the other characters in the story.

Overall, character development is a crucial aspect of writing a compelling fictional serial killer story. By crafting well-rounded characters with distinct personalities and motivations, the writer can create a believable and engaging narrative that will keep readers on the edge of their seats.

Plot Construction

Creating a compelling plot is essential when writing about a fictional serial killer. The plot should be well-structured and engaging, keeping the reader interested from start to finish. This section will cover the key elements of plot construction, including establishing a logical sequence of events, incorporating red herrings and twists, and balancing tension and release.

Establishing a Logical Sequence of Events

A logical sequence of events is crucial when constructing a plot. The story should flow naturally, with each event leading to the next logically. This can be achieved by creating a timeline of events, and outlining the key moments in the story and how they connect. It is important to ensure that every event is necessary for the story to progress and that there are no plot holes or inconsistencies.

Incorporating Red Herrings and Twists

Red herrings and twists are essential elements of any good serial killer story. Red herrings are false clues that are designed to mislead the reader, while twists are unexpected turns in the plot that keep the reader guessing. When incorporating red herrings and twists, it is important to ensure that they are believable and do not feel contrived. They should also be relevant to the story and not simply included for shock value.

Balancing Tension and Release

Balancing tension and release is crucial when constructing a plot. The story should have moments of high tension, where the reader is on the edge of their seat, as well as moments of release, where the tension is temporarily relieved. This can be achieved by varying the pacing of the story, with faster-paced moments of action and slower-paced moments of reflection and character development. It is important to ensure that the tension builds gradually, rather than being constant throughout the story.

In conclusion, constructing a compelling plot for a fictional serial killer story requires careful attention to detail. By establishing a logical sequence of events, incorporating red herrings and twists, and balancing tension and release, writers can create a story that keeps readers engaged from start to finish.

Setting and Atmosphere

When it comes to writing about a fictional serial killer, the setting and atmosphere play a crucial role in creating a captivating story. The right setting can help to create a sense of unease and tension, while the atmosphere can evoke a range of emotions in the reader. Here are some tips on how to create an immersive environment for your story.

Choosing the Right Location

Choosing the right location is crucial when it comes to setting the scene for a fictional serial killer. The location should be chosen based on the story’s needs, and it should be able to evoke the desired emotions in the reader. For example, a small town with a dark history can create a sense of unease and tension in the reader, while a bustling city can create a feeling of chaos and confusion.

When choosing a location, it’s also important to consider the killer’s modus operandi. For example, a killer who targets young women may choose a college campus as their hunting ground, while a killer who targets the wealthy may choose a ritzy neighborhood.

Creating an Immersive Environment

Creating an immersive environment is key to keeping the reader engaged in the story. The atmosphere should be designed to evoke a range of emotions in the reader, from fear and unease to excitement and curiosity.

One way to create an immersive environment is to use sensory details. For example, describing the smell of blood or the sound of footsteps can help to create a vivid image in the reader’s mind. It’s also important to use descriptive language to create a vivid picture of the setting, from the lighting to the weather.

Another way to create an immersive environment is to use foreshadowing. Foreshadowing can help to create a sense of tension and anticipation in the reader, as they try to piece together the clues and figure out what will happen next.

By choosing the right location and creating an immersive environment, you can create a captivating story about a fictional serial killer that will keep readers on the edge of their seats.

Conducting Research

When writing about a fictional serial killer, conducting thorough research is crucial for creating an authentic and believable story. Here are some ways to conduct research:

Exploring Real-Life Cases

One way to gain insight into the mind of a serial killer is to explore real-life cases. Reading articles, court transcripts, and police reports can provide valuable information about the killer’s motives, methods, and psychological profile. It is important to approach this research with sensitivity and respect for the victims and their families.

Consulting with Criminal Experts

Speaking with experts in the field of criminology can provide a deeper understanding of the psychology behind serial killers. Experts such as forensic psychologists, criminal profilers, and law enforcement officials can offer insights into the motivations and behaviors of serial killers. It is important to note that not all experts will be willing to speak about specific cases or provide confidential information.

Visiting Crime Scenes for Authenticity

Visiting crime scenes can provide a sense of authenticity to the story. It allows the writer to visualize the scene and gain a better understanding of the physical environment. However, it is important to approach this research with caution and respect for the victims and their families. It is also important to note that some crime scenes may be inaccessible or off-limits to the public.

Overall, conducting thorough research is essential for creating a compelling and believable story about a fictional serial killer. Using a combination of research methods such as reading articles, speaking with experts, and visiting crime scenes can provide a well-rounded understanding of the subject matter.

Writing with Sensitivity

When writing about a fictional serial killer, it is important to approach the subject matter with sensitivity. This means avoiding sensationalism, portraying victims respectfully, and understanding the perpetrator’s motivations. By doing so, the writer can create a work that is both informative and educational for the reader.

Avoiding Sensationalism

One of the most important aspects of writing about a fictional serial killer is avoiding sensationalism. This means not focusing solely on the violence and gore of the killings, but rather on the psychological aspects of the killer’s behavior. It is important to remember that victims are real people, and their deaths should not be sensationalized.

Portraying Victims Respectfully

When writing about a fictional serial killer, it is important to portray the victims respectfully. This means not reducing them to mere plot devices or objects to be used for shock value. Instead, the writer should strive to create well-rounded characters with their hopes, dreams, and fears. This will make their deaths all the more tragic and impactful.

Understanding the Perpetrator’s Motivations

To create a believable fictional serial killer, it is important to understand their motivations. This means researching the killer’s childhood, studying their psychological profile, and exploring their past traumas. By doing so, the writer can create a character that is both complex and realistic.

Maintaining a balance between sensitivity and accuracy is key when writing about a fictional serial killer. By being informative and educational, the writer can create a work that is both entertaining and thought-provoking for the reader.

The Writing Process

Writing about a fictional serial killer can be a daunting task, but with the right approach, it can be a thrilling and rewarding experience. Here are some key steps to help you navigate the writing process .

Drafting and Structuring Your Manuscript

Before diving into the writing process, it is important to have a clear idea of the structure and plot of your manuscript. This involves outlining the key events and clues that will drive the story forward. It is also important to consider the themes and motifs that will underpin the narrative.

When drafting your manuscript, it can be helpful to create a timeline or storyboard to keep track of the plot and ensure consistency. This can also help to identify any plot holes or inconsistencies that need to be addressed.

The Importance of Editing and Revisions

Once the first draft is complete, it is important to take the time to edit and revise the manuscript. This involves reviewing the plot, characters, and themes to ensure they are cohesive and engaging. It is also important to check for spelling and grammar errors.

It can be helpful to seek feedback from beta readers or a professional editor to gain a fresh perspective on the manuscript. This can help to identify areas that need improvement and ensure the manuscript is ready for publication.

Engaging and Retaining the Reader

To engage and retain the reader, it is important to create a compelling and complex protagonist and antagonist . This involves creating well-developed characters with distinct personalities, motivations, and flaws.

It is also important to use descriptive language and vivid imagery to bring the setting and atmosphere to life. This can help to immerse the reader in the story and create a sense of tension and suspense.

Overall, the key to writing a successful novel about a fictional serial killer is to approach the process with a clear plan and a commitment to editing and revision. By following these steps and focusing on engaging the reader, you can create a thrilling and memorable story that will captivate readers.

Marketing and Publishing

Crafting a compelling title and synopsis.

Crafting a compelling title and synopsis is crucial to attract readers to your book. The title should be short, catchy, and memorable. It should also reflect the tone and theme of the book. A good synopsis should be concise and intriguing, giving readers a taste of what to expect without giving away too much of the plot. It should also highlight the unique aspects of the story and what sets it apart from other books in the genre.

Navigating the Publishing Industry

Navigating the publishing industry can be challenging, especially for new authors. It is important to research the different publishing options available, such as traditional publishing, self-publishing, and hybrid publishing. Each option has its advantages and disadvantages, and authors should choose the one that best fits their goals and budget. Joining memberships or associations such as the Mystery Writers of America or International Thriller Writers can also provide valuable resources and networking opportunities.

Promotional Strategies and Building Readership

Promoting a book is just as important as writing it. Authors should have a strong online presence and utilize social media platforms to connect with readers and promote their work. Building an email list can also help authors keep in touch with their readers and inform them of new releases or promotions. Offering a head-start holiday offer or a special promotion for loyal readers can also help build a dedicated fan base. Taking a masterclass on book marketing can also provide valuable insights and strategies for effective promotion.

Additional Considerations

Ethical implications and responsibilities.

When writing about a fictional serial killer, it is important to consider the ethical implications and responsibilities that come with the subject matter. The portrayal of violence and murder can be disturbing to readers, and as a writer, it is important to be aware of the impact that your work may have on them.

It is important to consider the victims and their families when writing about a serial killer. Sensationalizing their deaths or portraying them in an insensitive manner can be hurtful and disrespectful. As a writer, it is important to be respectful and empathetic towards the victims and their families.

Additionally, it is important to avoid glorifying the killer or portraying them in a sympathetic light. This can be harmful and may encourage copycat behavior. Writers should strive to accurately portray the killer’s motives and actions, without sensationalizing or romanticizing them.

Legal Aspects of Writing True Crime Stories

When writing about a fictional serial killer, it is important to be aware of the legal aspects of writing true crime stories. Writers should be careful not to defame or libel individuals and should avoid making false or misleading statements.

It is important to do thorough research and fact-checking when writing about real-life events and individuals. This includes verifying information with multiple sources and being transparent about any sources used in the writing process.

Writers should also be aware of the potential legal consequences of their work. This includes the possibility of being sued for defamation or invasion of privacy. It is important to consult with a legal professional to ensure that your work is legally sound and does not infringe on the rights of others.

Overall, when writing about a fictional serial killer, it is important to be responsible, respectful, and accurate. By considering the ethical and legal implications of their work, writers can create compelling and informative stories that are both engaging and responsible.

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