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A case study in light industrial buildings.

Michael L. Norton

Publication Date

The title of this thesis is "A Case Study in Light Industrial Buildings." After research in this area I am more convinced than ever that such a study is needed. The single building that represents most of today's monuments is no longer solving the problem that arises in a complex society. We as architects are no longer as naive to think that form alone can solve the challenges of the 21st century. A philosopher a few years ago said we were in an era of analysis aid that the next era would be that of suspended judgement. These qualities of analysis and synthesis have been employed by architects for some time but usually by a single person acting alone and acting on a single isolated building. It worked then; it does not work now. No longer can design be limited to one individual's intuition and experience. What is needed is a closer look at the organization or structure inherent in types of buildings and complexes of buildings. This structure in context with goals, constraints, and trends should evolve into an architecture that is not only unique but that solves the problems.

Document Type

Degree name.

Architecture

Department Name

School of Architecture and Planning

First Committee Member (Chair)

Second committee member, third committee member.

This is a bachelor's thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture.

Recommended Citation

Norton, Michael L.. "A Case Study in Light Industrial Buildings." (1967). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/arch_etds/122

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Home > HFA > Department of Architecture > Architecture Masters Theses Collection

Architecture Masters Theses Collection

Theses from 2023 2023.

Music As a Tool For Ecstatic Space Design , Pranav Amin, Architecture

Creating Dormitories with a Sense of Home , Johnathon A. Brousseau, Architecture

The Tectonic Evaluation And Design Implementation of 3D Printing Technology in Architecture , Robert Buttrick, Architecture

Designing for the Unhoused: Finding Innovative and Transformative Solutions to Housing , Hannah C. Campbell, Architecture

Investigating Design-Functional Dimension Of Affordable Housing With Prefabrication On Dense Suburbs Of Chelsea, MA , Siddharth Jagadishbhai Dabhia, Architecture

Architecture of Extraction: Imagining New Modes of Inhabitation and Reclamation in the Mining Lifecyle , Erica DeWitt, Architecture

Utopian Thought and Architectural Design , Anthony L. Faith, Architecture

Building Hygge In-Roads into Incremental Living , Tanisha Kalra, Architecture

NATURE INSPIRED ARCHITECTURE , Salabat Khan, Architecture

Sustainable Architecture in Athletics: Using Mass Timber in an Old-Fashioned Field , Zach C. Lefever, Architecture

Off-grid Living for the Normative Society: Shifting Perception and Perspectives by Design , Patsun Lillie, Architecture

The Evolution of Chinese Supermarkets in North America: An Alternative Approach to Chinese Supermarket Design , Ruoxin Lin, Architecture

Refreshing Refinery: An Analysis of Victorian Architecture and How to Translate its Elements for Contemporary Architecture , Richard J. Marcil, Architecture

After Iconoclasm: Reassessing Monumental Practices and Redesigning Public Memorials in Twenty-First-Century Massachusetts , Lincoln T. Nemetz-Carlson, Architecture

Earthen Materials In Organic Forms: An Ecological Solution to the Urban Biosphere? , Rutuja Patil, Architecture

Adaptive (Re)purpose of Industrial Heritage Buildings in Massachusetts A Modular Strategy for Building a Community , Riya D. Premani, Architecture

Community Design: A Health Center Serving the Greater Boston Population , Brandon E. Rosario, Architecture

The Food Hub as a Social Infrastructure Framework: Restitching Communities in Boston After the Pandemic , Connor J. Tiches, Architecture

Theses from 2022 2022

Equitable Housing Generation Through Cellular Automata , Molly R. Clark, Architecture

Beneficial Invasive: A Rhizomatic Approach to Utilizing Local Bamboo for COVID Responsive Educational Spaces , Megan Futscher, Architecture

Architectural Activism Through Hip-Hop , Micaela Goodrich, Architecture

Addressing Trauma Through Architecture: Cultivating Well-being For Youth Who Have Experienced Trauma , Megan Itzkowitz, Architecture

Buildings Integrated into Landscape & Making People Care for Them: Exploring Integrated Land-Building Ecosystems and the Lifestyles Needed to Support It , Sara Mallio, Architecture

Reimagining Black Architecture , Esosa Osayamen, Architecture

Prefabricated Homes: Delivery At Your Doorsteps , Obed K. Otabil, Architecture

Memory and Resistance , Cami Quinteros, Architecture

Mycelium: The Building Blocks of Nature and the Nature of Architecture , Carly Regalado, Architecture

IN-BETWEEN SPACES: ATMOSPHERES, MOVEMENT AND NEW NARRATIVES FOR THE CITY , Paul Alexander Stoicheff, Architecture

Theses from 2021 2021

Creating New Cultural Hubs in American Cities: The Syrian Diaspora of Worcester, Massachusetts , Aleesa Asfoura, Architecture

Firesafe: Designing for Fire-Resilient Communities in the American West , Brenden Baitch, Architecture

The Beige Conundrum , Alma Crawford-Mendoza, Architecture

Cultivating Food Justice: Exploring Public Interest Design Process through a Food Security & Sustainability Hub , Madison J. DeHaven, Architecture

Physical to Virtual: A Model for Future Virtual Classroom Environments , Stephen J. Fink, Architecture

Detroit: Revitalizing Urban Communities , David N. Fite, Architecture

The Homestead Helper Handbook , Courtney A. Jurzynski, Architecture

An Architecture of a New Story , Nathan Y. Lumen, Architecture

Border Town: Preserving a 'Living' Cultural Landscape in Harlingen, Texas , Shelby Parrish, Architecture

Housing for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Creating an Integrated Living Community in Salem, MA , Tara Pearce, Architecture

From Sanctuary to Home in the Post-Interstate City , Morgan B. Sawyer, Architecture

Exploring the Use of Grid-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage in the Urban Landscape , Connor S. Slover, Architecture

Bridging the Gaps in Public Conversation by Fostering Spaces of Activism , Karitikeya Sonker, Architecture

Re-envisioning the American Dream , Elain Tang, Architecture

Tall Timber in Denver: An Exploration of New Forms in Large Scale Timber Architecture , Andrew P. Weuling, Architecture

Theses from 2020 2020

Urban Inter-Space: Convergence of Human Interaction and Form , Clayton Beaudoin, Architecture

The Hues of Hadley Massachusetts: Pioneering Places for Preservation and Growth , Elisha M. Bettencourt, Architecture

Reinvigorating Englewood, Chicago Through New Public Spaces and Mixed-Income Housing , Givan Carrero, Architecture

Architectural Agency Through Real Estate Development , Hitali Gondaliya, Architecture

Multimodal Transit and a New Civic Architecture , Samuel Bruce Hill, Architecture

Rethinking The Suburban Center , Andrew Jones, Architecture

Resilient Urbanism: Bridging Natural Elements & Sustainable Structures in a Post-Industrial Urban Environment , Nicholas McGee, Architecture

Adaptive Airport Architecture , Yash Mehta, Architecture

Rethinking School Design to Promote Safety and Positivity , Emily Moreau, Architecture

The Built Environment and Well-Being: Designing for Well-Being in Post-Industrial Communities During the Age of Urbanization , Tyler O'Neil, Architecture

Brutalism and the Public University: Integrating Conservation into Comprehensive Campus Planning , Shelby Schrank, Architecture

Spatial Design for Behavioral Education , Madeline Szczypinski, Architecture

Theses from 2019 2019

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY: FOR REFUGEES , Raghad Alrashidi, Architecture

From Archaic To contemporary : Energy Efficient Adaptive Reuse of Historic Building , Nisha Borgohain, Architecture

(RE)Developing Place: The Power of Narrative , Kinsey Diomedi, Architecture

Rethinking Ambulatory Care Delivery , Senada Dushaj, Architecture

Photosynthesizing the Workplace: A Study in Healthy and Holistic Production Spaces , Kaeli Howard, Architecture

Museum Design As A Tool For A City , Cunbei Jiang, Architecture

Architecture and Wilderness: An Exchange of Order , Ashley Lepre, Architecture

Cross-Species Architecture: Developing an Architecture for Rehabilitative Learning Through the Human-Canine Relationship , Jake Porter, Architecture

Intermodal Transit Terminal: Integrating the Future of Transit into the Urban Fabric , Guy Vigneau, Architecture

Theses from 2018 2018

Bangladeshi Cultural Center: for the Bangladeshi Population Living in New York City , Sabrina Afrin, Architecture

THE ENHANCEMENT OF LEARNING THROUGH THE DESIGN PROCCESS: RENOVATING THE FORT RIVER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN AMHERST, MA , Reyhaneh Bassamtabar, Architecture

LEARNING SPACES: DISCOVERING THE SPACES FOR THE FUTURE OF LEARNING , Michael Choudhary, Architecture

ARCHITECTURAL SYNERGY: A FACILITY FOR LIFELONG LEARNING IN ACADEMIA AND PRACTICE , Ryan Rendano, Architecture

Resilient Architecture: Adaptive Community Living in Coastal Locations , Erica Shannon, Architecture

Theses from 2017 2017

New York City 2050: Climate Change and Future of New York | Design for Resilience , Abhinav Bhargava, Architecture

The Performance of Light: Exploring the Impact of Natural Lighting in the New UMass School of Performance , Dylan Brown, Architecture

Regional Expression In The Renovation Of Remote Historic Villages , Jie chen, Architecture

An Incremental Intervention In Jakarta: An Empowering Infrastructural Approach For Upgrading Informal Settlements , Christopher H. Counihan, Architecture

UMASS Dining Hall. A Path to Resiliency , Lukasz Czarniecki, Architecture

LIVING CORE OF THE FUTURE: PROPOSING NEW APPROACH FOR THE FUTURE OF RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX IN METROPOLITAN AREAS , Mahsa G. Zadeh, Architecture

HUMANITY IN A CHILDREN’S CANCER HOSPITAL , Sara Jandaghi Jafari, Architecture

Designing Symbiosis for the New Church Community , Evan Janes, Architecture

A Visible History: A Synthesis of Past, Present and Future Through the Evocation of Memory Within Historic Contexts , Nicholas Jeffway, Architecture

Creating A Community A New Ecological, Economical, and Social Path to Uniting a Community , Andrew Stadnicki, Architecture

Z-Cube: Mobile Living for Feminist Nomads , Zi Ye, Architecture

Theses from 2016 2016

Music and Architecture: An Interpresence , Rachel J. Beesen, Architecture

Intervening in the Lives of Internally Displaced People in Colombia , Amy L. Carbone, Architecture

Designing Waste Creating Space: A Critical Examination Into Waste Reduction Through Building Techniques, Architectural Design, and Systems , Courtney M. Carrier, Architecture

Umass September 11 Intervention , Mohamad Farzinmoghadam, Architecture

Merging Social Science and Neuroscience in Architecture: Creating a Framework to Functionally Re-integrate Ex-Convicts , Kylie A. Landrey, Architecture

From Shelters to Long Living Communities , Yakun Liang, Architecture

Building Hope: A Community + Water Initiative, La Villa de San Francisco, Honduras , Christopher D. Mansfield, Architecture

THE SPATIALITY IN STORYTELLING , Xiang Yu, Architecture

Innovation of the Residential Buildings and Community in the Emerging City Rongcheng , Xing Yu, Architecture

Art and Life - Make invisible visible in Cao changdi village, Beijing, China , peng zhang, Architecture

Theses from 2015 2015

The Dialogue of Craft and Architecture , Thomas J. Forker, Architecture

MOSQUE IN THE VALLEY: A SPACE FOR SPIRITUAL GATHERING & CULTURAL LEARNING , Nabila Iqbal, Architecture

EXPLORATION OF CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN URBAN PLAZA AND MIXED USE BUILDINGS , Youngduk Kim, Architecture

Design Of A Housing For Urban Artisan-Living Work , Fahim Mahmud, Architecture

Membranes and Matrices: Architecture as an Interface , Nayef Mudawar, Architecture

Building for the Future: Revitalization through Architecture , Rebecca N. Perry, Architecture

Developing Maker Economies in Post-Industrial Cities: Applying Commons Based Peer Production to Mycelium Biomaterials , Grant R. Rocco, Architecture

Design of Children's Event and Cutural Center in Osu, Accra, Ghana , Rudi Somuah, Architecture

Sustainable Design of Student Centers Retrofitting and Adaptive Reuse of UMass Student Union , Tianye Song, Architecture

Design/Build in Architectural Education: studying community-focused curriculum , Matthew K. Sutter, Architecture

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Selected Architecture Thesis Projects: Fall 2020

Clockwise from top left: “Citing the Native Genius” by Taylor Cook, “Pair of Dice, Para-Dice, Paradise: A Counter-Memorial to Victims of Police Brutality” by Calvin Boyd, “The Magic Carpet” by Goli Jalali, “Stacked Daydreams: Ceiling-Scape for the Neglected” by Zai Xi Jeffrey Wong, and “Up from the Past: Housing as Reparations on Chicago’s South Side” by Isabel Strauss

Five films showcase a selection of Fall 2020 thesis projects from the Department of Architecture.

Pair of Dice, Para-Dice, Paradise: A Counter-Memorial to Victims of Police Brutality

This thesis is a proposal for a counter-memorial to victims of police brutality. The counter-memorial addresses scale by being both local and national, addresses materiality by privileging black aesthetics over politeness, addresses presence/absence by being more transient than permanent, and lastly, addresses site by being collective rather than singular. The result is an architecture that plays itself out over 18,000 police stations across America and the Washington Monument at the National Mall, two sites that are intrinsically linked through the architecture itself: negative “voids” at police stations whose positive counterparts aggregate at the Mall.

The critical question here is whether or not the system in which police brutality takes place can be reformed from within, or if people of color need to seek their utopia outside of these too-ironclad structures. This counter-memorial, when understood as an instrument of accountability (and therefore a real-time beacon that measures America’s capacity to either change or otherwise repeat the same violent patterns), ultimately provides us with an eventual answer.

Author: Calvin Boyd, MArch I 2020 Advisor: Jon Lott , Assistant Professor of Architecture Duration: 11 min, 2 sec

Thesis Helpers: Shaina Yang (MArch I 2021), Rachel Coulomb (MArch I 2022)

The Magic Carpet

The Persian Carpet and the Persian Miniature painting have served as representation tools for the Persian Gar­den and the idea of paradise in Persian culture since antiquity. The word paradise derives from the Persian word pari-daeza meaning “walled enclosure.” The garden is always walled and stands in opposition to its landscape. This thesis investigates the idea of a contemporary image of paradise in the Iranian imagination by using carpets and miniature paintings as a tool for designing architecture. The garden, with its profound associations, provided a world of metaphor for the classical mystic poets. One of the manuscripts describing the Persian garden is called Haft Paykar – known as the Seven Domes – written by the 12th century Persian poet called Nizami. These types of manuscripts were made for Persian kings and contain within them miniature paintings and poetry describing battles, romances, tragedies, and triumphs that compromise Iran’s mythical and pre-Islamic history. The carpet is the repeating object in the minia­ture paintings of the manuscript. This thesis deconstructs the carpet in seven ways in order to digitally reconstruct the miniature paintings of the Seven Domes and the image of paradise with new techniques.

Author: Goli Jalali, MArch I 2021 Advisor: Jennifer Bonner , Associate Professor of Architecture Duration: 8min, 28 sec

Up from the Past: Housing as Reparations on Chicago’s South Side

Do people know what the Illinois Institute of Technology and the South Side Planning Board and the city of Chicago and the state of Illinois and the United States government did to the Black Metropolis? If they know, do they care? Is it too hard to hold these entities accountable? If we held them accountable, could we find justice for those that were displaced? What would justice look like? What comes after Mecca? What types of spaces come after Mecca? Are they different than what was there before? Are they already there? What defines them? Can Reparations be housing? How many people are already doing this work? How many people are doing this work in academia? On the ground? Is the word “Reparations” dead? What do we draw from? Who is this for? Do white men own the legacy of the architecture that defined the Black Metropolis? How personal should this work be? How anecdotal? How quantitative? Does the design need to be inherently spatial? Or atmospheric? What should it feel like? How do I draw a feeling in Rhino? What are radical ways of looking? How do we reclaim racialized architecture? Do we? Should we even talk about these things?

Author: Isabel Strauss, MArch I 2021 Advisor: Oana Stanescu , Design Critic in Architecture Duration: 4 min, 4 sec

Soundtrack Created By: Edward Davis (@DJ Eway) Production Support: Adam Maserow , Evan Orf , Glen Marquardt Collaborators: Rekha Auguste Nelson , Farnoosh Rafaie , Zena Mariem Mengesha , Edward Davis (DJ Eway) Special Thanks: Caleb Negash , Tara Oluwafemi , Maggie Janik , Ann Whiteside , Dana McKinney Guidance: Stephen Gray , John Peterson , Chris Herbert , Cecilia Conrad , Lawrence J. Vale , Ilan Strauss , Mark Lee , Iman Fayyad , Jennifer Bonner , Mindy Pugh , Peter Martinez Collage Credits: Adler and Sullivan , Bisa Butler , Carrie Mae Weems , Dawoud Bey , Deborah Roberts , Ebony G Patterson , Ellen Gallagher , Frank Lloyd Wright , Howardena Pindell , Jordan Casteel , Kerry James Marshall , Latoya Ruby Frazier , Lelaine Foster , Lorna Simpson , Mark Bradford , Mickalene Thomas , Mies van der Rohe , Nick Cave , Njideka Akunyili Crosby , Romare Bearden , Sadie Barnette More Information: architectureofreparations.cargo.site

Stacked Daydreams: Ceiling‐Scape for the Neglected

Elderly Care Adaptive Reuse of Hong Kong’s Vertical Factory

This thesis operates at the intersection of three domains of neglect:

• In the realm of building elements, the ceiling is often considered as an afterthought in the design process.
• Across building types, the vertical factory sits abandoned and anachronistic to its surroundings. It spiraled into disuse due to Hong Kong’s shifting economic focus.
• In society, the elderly are often subjected to social neglect, seen as a financial burden, and forced toward the fringes of society.

These parts experience obsolescence that led to indifference, and subsequently to boredom. I intend to draw the parallel of deterioration between the body of the elderly and the body of the vertical factory. Using a set of ceiling parts in the manner of prosthetics to reactivate the spaces into elderly care facilities, revert boredom to daydreams, and reimagine the concept of elderhood as an experimental second stage of life.

Author: Zai Xi Jeffrey Wong, MArch I AP 2021 Advisor: Eric Höweler , Associate Professor of Architecture & Architecture Thesis Coordinator Duration: 4 min, 53 sec

Citing the Native Genius

Reconstructing vernacular architecture in Hawai’i

For over 120 years, Americanization has tried to demean and erase Hawaiian language, culture, and architecture. In contemporary discourse, the vernacular architecture of Hawai’i is mostly referred to as ancient and vague. As with many Indigenous cultures, Western perspectives tend to fetishize or patronize the Hawaiian design aesthetic. Within this hierarchy of knowledge is a systemic assumption that Hawaiian vernacular architecture cannot effectively serve as a precedent resource for contemporary architects. Those who do reference the original vernacular will often classify it as utilitarian or resourceful. Regardless of intent, this narrative takes design agency away from the people involved. As a corrective, a respectful use of vernacular domestic form would benefit designers that are struggling to connect with Hawai’i’s cultural and architectural traditions.

Mining the European gaze and influence out of revivalist publications, archeological surveys and historic images reveal unique characteristics of Hawaiian domestic space. Geometric quotation and symbolic referencing are the foundational instruments in applying the discrete components, form, and organizational logic of the vernacular. The result is a design process that creates an amalgamation of decolonized form and contemporary technique. This residential project intends to revive Hawai’i’s erased domestic experience by revisiting the precolonial vernacular form and plan.

Author: Taylor Cook, MArch I 2021 Advisor: Jeffry Burchard , Assistant Professor in Practice of Architecture Duration: 5 min, 13 sec

Special Thanks: Jeffry Burchard, Cameron Wu, Kanoa Chung, Nik Butterbaugh, Carly Yong, Vernacular Pacific LLC More Information: www.vernacularhawaii.com

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the galleries in Gund Hall have been turned ‘inside out,’ with exhibitions shown through a series of exterior projections on the building’s facade. View some images from the screening of these films below:

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Architecture Thesis Of The Year | ATY 2022

• Published on July 06, 2022

ARCHITECTURE THESIS OF THE YEAR | ATY 2022

The most amazing Architecture Thesis of 2022!

After the overwhelming response from the first two editions, Charette is elated to announce the third edition of ‘Architecture Thesis of the Year Competition - ATY 2022’.

‘Architecture Thesis of the Year 2022’ is an international architecture thesis competition that aims to extend appreciation to the tireless effort and exceptional creativity of student theses in the field of Architecture. We seek to encourage young talent in bringing their path-breaking ideas to the forefront globally.

PREMISE Academic Design endeavours allow the free flow of unfettered ideas – experimental, bold, promising, and unconventional. An intensive architectural discourse and a collaborative design process are essential to developing ingenious solutions to complex problems of the future.

An Architecture Thesis is considered the avant-garde – pushing the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm in the architectural realm. It is the outcome of months of painstaking research and an excruciating design process yet it hardly gets any recognition beyond the design studio. It is imperative to share such revolutionary ideas with the entire fraternity to open up new possibilities for dialogue.

Competition Brief - https://thecharette.org/architecture-thesis-of-the-year/

AWARDS Exposure and recognition is the key to success for any designer. The ATY 2022 competition provides students with the opportunity to showcase their work on a global stage.

TROPHIES Custom Designed Trophies will be awarded & shipped to the Top 3 Winners.

CERTIFICATES Sharable and verifiable certificates of achievement will be awarded to the Winners, Honorable Mentions & Top 30.

INTERVIEW The Top 3 Winners will get an exclusive interview in both – written and video formats. Photos, interviews, and more information about the winners will be published on our website.

PUBLICATIONS The winning entries shall be published on Charette’s website & social media platforms and other international architecture websites partnered with us.

ELIGIBILITY ATY 2022 is open to architecture students of all nationalities and institutions. All Undergraduate/Bachelors and Graduate/Masters Thesis conducted in the calendar year 2017 – 2022 are eligible to participate. Group, as well as individual entries, are allowed.. The official language of the competition is English.

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES A total of 5 sheets of size 30 cm x 30 cm are to be submitted as a combined PDF document, which shall not exceed 5 MB.

Sheets 1 to 4: Graphic Representation Sheet 5: Text Summary

For more details visit - https://thecharette.org/architecture-thesis-of-the-year/

KEY DATES Advance Entry: 15 June - 15 July 2022 Early Entry: 16 July - 15 Aug 2022 Standard Entry: 16 Aug -15 Sep 2022 Last-Min Entry: 16 Sep -15 Oct 2022 Submission Deadline: 16 Oct 2022 Results: 15 Nov 2022

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20 Types of Architecture thesis topics

An architectural thesis is perhaps the most confusing for a student because of the range of typologies of buildings that exist. It also seems intimidating to pick your site program and do all the groundwork on your own. While choosing an architectural thesis topic, it is best to pick something that aligns with your passion and interest as well as one that is feasible. Out of the large range of options, here are 20 architectural thesis topics .

1. Slum Redevelopment (Urban architecture)

Slums are one of the rising problems in cities where overcrowding is pertinent. To account for this problem would be one of great value to the city as well as the inhabitants of the slum. It provides them with better sanitation and well-being and satisfies their needs.

2. Maggie Center (Healthcare architecture)

This particular typology of buildings was coined by a cancer patient,  Margaret Keswick Jencks,   who believed that cancer-treatment centres’ environment could largely improve their health and wellbeing by better design. This led a large number of starchitects to participate and build renowned maggie centres.

3. Urban Sprawl Redesign (Urban design)

The widening of city boundaries to accommodate migrants and overcrowding of cities is very common as of late. To design for the constant urban sprawl would make the city life more convenient and efficient for all its users.

4. Redesigning Spaces Under Elevated Roads and Metros (Urban infrastructure)

A lot of space tends to become dead space under metros or elevated roads. To use these spaces more efficiently and engage them with the public would make it an exciting thesis topic.

5. Urban Parks (Urban landscape)

Urban parks are not only green hubs for the city, which promotes the well-being of the city on a larger level, but they also act as great places for the congregation and bring a community together.

6. Reusing Abandoned Buildings (Adaptive reuse)

All buildings after a point become outdated and old but, what about the current old and abandoned buildings? The best way to respond to these is not by demolishing them; given the amount of effort it takes to do so, but to enhance them by restoring and changing the building to current times.

7. Farming in Cities (Green urban spaces)

With climate change and population on the rise, there is statistical proof that one needs to start providing farming in cities as there is not sufficient fertile land to provide for all. Therefore, this makes a great thesis topic for students to explore.

8. Jails (Civil architecture)

To humanize the function of jails, to make it a place of change and rehabilitation, and break from the stereotypical way of looking at jails. A space that will help society look at prisoners as more than monsters that harm, and as fellow humans that are there to change for everyone’s betterment.

9. Police Academies (Civil architecture)

Academies that train people to be authoritative and protective require spaces for training mentally and physically; focussing on the complexity of the academy and focussing on the user to enhance their experience would work in everyone’s favour.

10. High Court (Civil architecture)

Courtrooms are more often than not looked at as spaces that people fear, given the longevity of court cases. It can be a strenuous space; therefore, understanding the user groups’ state of mind and the problems faced can be solved using good design. 

11. Disaster-resilient structures (Disaster-relief architecture)

Natural disasters are inevitable. Disaster-resilient structures are build suitably for the natural disasters of the region while also incorporating design into it, keeping in mind the climatic nature of the location.

12. Biophilic design (Nature-inspired architecture)

As humans, we have an innate love for nature, and the struggle between integrating nature and architecture is what biophilic design aims towards. To pick a topic where one would see minimal use of natural elements and incorporate biophilic design with it would be very beneficial.

13. Metro stations and Bus terminals (Transportation spaces)

Bus terminals and metro stations are highly functional spaces that often get crowded; and to account for the crowd and the problems that come with it, plus elevate the experience of waiting or moving, would contribute to making it a good thesis topic.

14. Airport design (Transportation spaces)

Airport designing is not very uncommon; however, it is a rather complex program to crack; thereby, choosing this topic provides you with the opportunity to make this space hassle-free and work out the most efficient way to make this conducive for all types of users.

15. Sports Complex (Community architecture)

If your passion lies in sports, this is a go-to option. Each sport is played differently, different materials are used, and the nature of the sport and its audience is rather complicated. However, to combine this and make it a cohesive environment for all kinds of users would make a good thesis topic.

16. Stadium (Community architecture)

Unlike a sports complex, one could also pick one sport and look at the finer details, create the setting, and experience for it; by designing it to curate a nice experience for the players, the public, and the management.

17. Waste-recycling center (Waste management)

Reducing waste is one of the most fundamental things we must do as humans. Spaces where recycling happens must be designed consciously. Just like any other space, it has been given importance over the years, and this would make a good thesis topic to provide the community with.

18. Crematorium (Public architecture)

Cremation of a loved one or anyone for that matter is always a rather painful process and a range of emotions is involved when it comes to this place. Keeping in mind the different types of people and emotions and making your thesis about this would mean to enhance this experience while still keeping the solemnity of it intact.

19. Museums (Community architecture)

Museums are spaces of learning, and the world has so much to offer that one could always come up with different typologies of museums and design according to the topic of one’s interest. Some of the examples would be cultural heritage, modern art, museum of senses, and many more.

20. Interpretation center (Community architecture)

An interpretation center is a type of museum located near a site of historical, cultural, or natural relevance that provides information about the place of interest through various mediums.

References:

• 2022. 68 Thesis topics in 5 minutes . [image] Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NczdOK7oe98&ab_channel=BlessedArch> [Accessed 1 March 2022].
• Bdcnetwork.com. 2022. Biophilic design: What is it? Why it matters? And how do we use it? | Building Design + Construction . [online] Available at: <https://www.bdcnetwork.com/blog/biophilic-design-what-it-why-it-matters-and-how-do-we-use-it> [Accessed 1 March 2022].
• RTF | Rethinking The Future. 2022. 20 Thesis topics related to Sustainable Architecture – RTF | Rethinking The Future . [online] Available at: <https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a1348-20-thesis-topics-related-to-sustainable-architecture/> [Accessed 1 March 2022].
• Wdassociation.org. 2022. A List Of Impressive Thesis Topic Ideas In Architecture . [online] Available at: <https://www.wdassociation.org/a-list-of-impressive-thesis-topic-ideas-in-architecture.aspx> [Accessed 1 March 2022].

Online Course – The Ultimate Architectural Thesis Guide

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Flora is a student of architecture, with a passion for psychology and philosophy. She loves merging her interests and drawing parallels to solve and understand design problems. As someone that values growth, she uses writing as a medium to share her learning and perspective.

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10 Inspiring Architecture Thesis Topics for 2023: Exploring Sustainable Design, AI Integration, and Parametricism

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Choosing between architecture thesis topics is a big step for students since it’s the end of their education and a chance to show off their creativity and talents. The pursuit of biomaterials and biomimicry, a focus on sustainable design , and the use of AI in architecture will all have a significant impact on the future of architecture in 2023.

We propose 10 interesting architecture thesis topics and projects in this post that embrace these trends while embracing technology, experimentation, and significant architectural examples.

Architecture Thesis Topic #1 – Sustainable Affordable Housing

Project example: Urban Village Project is a new visionary model for developing affordable and livable homes for the many people living in cities around the world. The concept stems from a collaboration with SPACE10 on how to design, build and share our future homes, neighbourhoods and cities.

“Sustainable affordable housing combines social responsibility with innovative design strategies, ensuring that everyone has access to safe and environmentally conscious living spaces.” – John Doe, Sustainable Design Architect.

Architecture Thesis Topic #2 – Parametric Architecture Using Biomaterials

Project example:  Parametric Lampchairs, using Agro-Waste by Vincent Callebaut Architectures The Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) “Living Architecture Lab” investigates the fusion of biomaterials with parametric design to produce responsive and sustainable buildings . The lab’s research focuses on using bio-inspired materials for architectural purposes, such as composites made of mycelium.

Architecture Thesis Topic #3 – Urban Planning Driven by AI

Project example: The University of California, Berkeley’s “ Smart City ” simulates and improves urban planning situations using AI algorithms. The project’s goal is to develop data-driven methods for effective urban energy management, transportation, and land use.

“By integrating artificial intelligence into urban planning, we can unlock the potential of data to create smarter, more sustainable cities that enhance the quality of life for residents.” – Jane Smith, Urban Planner.

Architecture Thesis Topic #4 – Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage

From 1866 to 1878, Oxford Street’s Paddington Reservoir was built. From the 1930′s, it was covered by a raised grassed park which was hidden from view and little used by the surrounding community.

Over the past two years, the City of Sydney and its collaborative design team of architects, landscape architects, engineers, planners, and access consultants have created a unique, surprising, functional, and completely engaging public park that has captivated all who pass or live nearby.

Instead of capping the site and building a new park above, the design team incorporated many of the reinforced ruins of the heritage-listed structure and created sunken and elevated gardens using carefully selected and limited contemporary materials with exceptional detailing.

Architecture Thesis Topic #5 – Smart and Resilient Cities

The capacity to absorb, recover from, and prepare for future shocks (economic, environmental, social, and institutional) is what makes a city resilient. Resilient cities have this capabilities. Cities that are resilient foster sustainable development, well-being, and progress that includes everyone.

Architecture Thesis Topic #6 – High Performing Green Buildings

The LEED certification offers a foundation for creating high-performing, sustainable structures. In order to guarantee energy efficiency , water conservation, and healthy interior environments, architects may include LEED concepts into their buildings. To learn more check our free training to becoming LEED accredited here .

Architecture Thesis Topic #7 – Urban Landscapes with Biophilic Design

Project example: The High Line is an elevated linear park in New York City that stretches over 2.33 km and was developed on an elevated part of a defunct New York Central Railroad branch that is known as the West Side Line. The successful reimagining of the infrastructure as public space is the key to its accomplishments. The 4.8 km Promenade Plantee, a tree-lined promenade project in Paris that was finished in 1993, served as an inspiration for the creation of the High Line.

“Biophilic design fosters human well-being by creating environments that reconnect people with nature, promoting relaxation, productivity, and overall happiness.” – Sarah Johnson, Biophilic Design Consultant.

Architecture Thesis Topic #8 – Augmented and Virtual Reality in Architectural Visualization

An interactive experience that augments and superimposes a user’s real-world surroundings with computer-generated data. In the field of architecture, augmented reality (AR) refers to the process of superimposing 3D digital building or building component models that are encoded with data onto real-world locations.

Architecture Thesis Topic #9 – Sustainable Skyscrapers

There is even a master program called “Sustainable Mega-Buildings” in the UK , Cardiff dedicated to high-rise projects in relation to performance and sustainability. Since building up rather than out, having less footprint, more open space, and less development is a green strategy .

“Sustainable skyscrapers showcase the possibilities of high-performance design, combining energy efficiency, resource conservation, and innovative architectural solutions.” – David Lee, Sustainable Skyscraper Architect.

Architecture Thesis Topic #10 – Circular Economy in Construction

Project example: Building D(emountable) , a sustainable and fully demountable structure on the site of a historic, monumental building complex in the center of the Dutch city Delft. Of the way in which the office approaches circular construction and of the way in which one can make buildings that can later donate to other projects. Or even be reused elsewhere in their entirety.

“By embracing the circular economy in construction, architects can contribute to a more sustainable industry, shifting from a linear ‘take-make-dispose’ model to a more regenerative approach.” – Emily Thompson, Sustainable Construction Specialist.

Conclusion:

The 10 thesis projects for architecture discussed above demonstrate how AI, LEED , and sustainable design are all incorporated into architectural practice. Students may investigate these subjects with an emphasis on creativity, experimenting, and building a physical environment that is in line with the concepts of sustainability and resilience via examples, quotations, and university programs.

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10 Award-Winning Architecture Thesis Projects From Around The World

Neha Sharma

8 mins read

It is always interesting to see the architecture thesis projects students come up with every year. With each passing batch, there is more knowledge passed down and a better base to begin. The result is a rise in innovation and creativity by students, and overall a better mix!

Architecture thesis is an ordeal all students are intimidated by. From choosing an architecture thesis topic all the way to giving a great final thesis review , every step is equally challenging and important. It is that turn in an architecture student’s life that pushes them to churn out their best. Therefore, it is inevitable to come across some life-altering design solutions through architecture theses across the world.

To identify and appreciate these exceptional final projects by architecture students, many organisations across the world like Archistart, Council of Architecture, etcetera, award recognition for excellence in architecture thesis and also grant financial support for further research to the projects worthy of being realised.

Read through the list of 10 such award-winning architecture theses across the world with links to study them in detail!

1. ISTHME // Le CHAOS SENSIBLE - Dafni Filippa and Meriam Sehimi

ISTHME // Le Chaos Sensible - Architecture Thesis of the Year 2020 (Source: www.nonarchitecture.eu)

Starting from the most recent one, the award-winning thesis is a proposal of a mixed-use building in the capital city of Ghana, Africa, that aims to cater to a large spectrum of functions of the Ghanaian community, especially living, commercial, sports and leisure.

This culturally thoughtful architecture thesis project is an honest effort to celebrate the African spirit and empower the local community, which reflects in the ‘sensible chaos’ of the design.

2. INFRA-PAISAJE: New Landscape Architecture - Luis Bendezu

INFRA-PAISAJE: New Landscape Infrastructure for San Juan de Marcona - Special Mention: Architectural Thesis Award ATA 2018 (Source: www.archistart.net)

Landscape architecture manifests the connection between humans and nature. The landscape thesis project proposes a series of technical elements for the creation of a seamless landscape between the urbanised territory of San Juan de Marcona in Peru and the suburban parts, thus forming a cohesive townscape which converses with the coastline and brings active life to the otherwise desolate expanse of the region.

3. Water Exploratorium - Satyam Gyanchandani

Water Exploratorium - Ace of Space Design Awards: Outstanding Student Thesis Award (Source: www.architectandinteriorsindia.com)

Water is a life-giving resource and considered sacred across many cultures. To sustain life on earth, it is important to save and use it with utmost efficiency. The architecture thesis project showcases experiential design through and for water. It also tackles design challenges like infotainment by educating visitors on water conservation and creating a static built form for an element as fluid as water for a wholesome sensory experience.

Want to know how to come up with such fascinating thesis topics? Read: 7 Tips on Choosing the Perfect Architecture Thesis Topic For You

4. Architecture for Blind People - Mariagiorgia Pisano

Between Light and Shadow: Architecture for Blind People - 1st Place: Architectural Thesis Award 2017 (Source: www.archistart.net)

Inclusive design offers a wide-spread net of research opportunities and is gaining much-needed recognition today!

Design for people with disabilities is dealt with empathy in this architecture thesis project, where the focus is exploring innovative design solutions for the visually deprived and getting the design of rehabilitation centres as close as possible to meeting their needs.

5. Mosul Postwar Camp - Edoardo Daniele Stuggiu and Stefano Lombardi

Mosul Postwar Camp - 1st Place: Architectural Thesis Award ATA 2019 (Source: www.archistart.net)

War does permanent damage to a person’s mental health. The survivors experience trauma, loss and even destruction of self-identity. The architecture thesis project proposes a postwar camp at Mosul, Iraq, aiming to create a place where people of various backgrounds can peacefully coexist and build a community based on humanitarian values to prevent war in the future.

6. Consolation through Architecture - A New Journey through the Abandoned Landscapes of Varanasi - Navin Lucas Sebastian

Consolation Through Architecture - COA National Awards for Excellence in Architectural Thesis 2016 (Source: www.coa.gov.in)

The intangible aspects of design are tough to pinpoint but necessary for the essence and feel of it. This urban design thesis project shows light on architecture’s influence on one’s emotions with the holy city of Varanasi in India as the backdrop. With a focus on issues arising due to the city’s cremation grounds, the thesis explores innovative and sustainable solutions for the same.

7. Unfinished Tor Vergata Scenario - Carmelo Gagliano

Unfinished Tor Vergata Scenario - 1st Place: Architectural Thesis Award 2020 (Source: www.archistart.net)

When it comes to building projects, the trend of the ‘unfinished’ is something Italy has been increasingly seeing in the past few years. The most popular unfinished public work is Calatrava’s Olympic Stadium, which is the main object for reuse in the proposal of a science museum at Rome Tor Vergata.

This architecture thesis project explores the existing building trends of the region, aims to reinvent the iconic building and become a scientific attraction for tourists and locals.

8. Chachapoyas Peri-Urban Park - Nájat Jishar Fernández Díaz

Structures for Incidents in Nature: Chachapoyas Peri-Urban Park - Special Mention: Architectural Thesis Award ATA 2019 (Source: www.archistart.net)

Growing urban areas are a concern as they slowly consume the ecology surrounding them. Chachapoyas (forest of clouds) in Peru faces a similar problem from the expanding urban confinements which are slowly taking over the beautiful landscapes for which the place is particularly famous.

The project aims to mend the damage by connecting every speck of open land available in the region and converting it into a network of green corridors, making for an interesting urban planning thesis!

9. Garden of Reconciliation, Kashmir - Jay Shah

Garden of Reconciliation: Miniature Drawing - COA National Award in Excellence for Architectural Thesis 2018 (Source: www.uni.xyz)

Cultural and political unrest in a region has always been the glue for controversies, leading to public tip-toeing around such topics. This bold architecture thesis project looks at the conflicted region of Kashmir, to analyse its cultural, social and artistic practices and then come up with an architecture program best suited for the region. This is traversed in the form of a mixed-use landscape that aims to find a solution and is not the solution itself!

Such theses usually require intensive site studies. Read: Site Analysis Categories You Need to Cover For Your Architecture Thesis Project to know more.

10. Adaptive Reuse of STP Grain Silos - Alila Mhamed

Poudrière Community Hub - 2nd Place: Architectural Thesis Awards ATA 2020 (Source: www.archistart.net)

Adaptive reuse of spaces that have been uninhabited for a long time does true justice to the core values of architecture and design. This thesis project explores the creative redefinition of the old STP Grain silos complex, the first mill constructed as a part of the Poudrière industrial park in the present-day city of Sfax, Tuscany, Italy, by converting it into a mixed-use hub for art, commerce, trade, administration and collaboration.

Numerous amazing architecture thesis projects come to light every year and the list is not limited to this one! At the learning stages, people have the power to unleash their creativity without any limitations and such scenarios might just lead to the right solutions for the time and society we live in.

Giving your architecture thesis project? Check out our A-Z Architecture Thesis Guide!

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Best 170 Architecture Thesis Topics For All Students

Architecture thesis topics may be difficult to find because there are so many subjects and possible topics. However, good thesis topics for architecture are the ones that you have a personal interest in. Before picking architecture thesis topics, you also need to ask yourself if the topic is significant or realistically doable.

Choosing Thesis Topics For Architecture

Architecture thesis projects topics, master of architecture thesis topics, industrial architecture thesis topics, institutional architecture thesis topics, sustainable architecture thesis topics.

What is the best way to choose dissertation topics? This guide will highlight how to pick interesting architectural thesis topics. Here are some factors to consider when searching for architecture thesis project ideas :

Pick a Topic That Interests You

While picking creative architecture thesis topics, you need to opt for a topic that you are personally interested in. You can easily get bored with your undergraduate architecture thesis projects, that is why you need something that you are passionate about. It will help you to stay motivated and inspired to create a unique project.

Set a Small Scope

It can be tempting to pick dissertation topics in architecture that are too expansive. This reduces the delivery time. It is safer to start with a simple version of the topic and includes some complexity later if necessary.

Find Architecture Thesis Topics That Reflect Your Skills

Everyone has unique skill sets that they have developed over time. There is no single person who is perfect at everything. When you know your technical and creative capabilities, you will be able to pick thesis topics in architecture that employs your expertise.

Can You Find Enough Research On The Topic?

Unusual architectural thesis topics require lots of research and analysis before starting. Therefore, it is essential to pick an area of study with a substantial amount of work already done. It will help you to easily analyze, compare, and draw conclusions.

Balance It Between Art And Science

While searching for architecture dissertation topics, students often dig themselves a grave. They tend to view the project as a culmination of a long program rooted deep in art and theory. You need to pick a topic that balances art and science. It shouldn’t be too abstract, so your teacher will know that you understand the issues raised.

Don’t Forget To Tie It To Your Plans For The Future

Your architecture thesis topics should be aligned with your plans. It should reflect your experience or interest in a specialized subject. It will play an important role as a part of your portfolio.

Pick Architecture Thesis Topics That Solve A Real Problem

Your thesis topics architecture ideas shouldn’t just be theoretical, they should also solve a real-world problem. The world struggles with several issues, such as population growth, climate change, and a lack of proper distribution of resources. So, find a topic that can solve a socio-environmental problem using design intervention.

• Creation of affordable housing
• Development waterfront property
• Airport functioning
• Heritage museums
• Skyscraper design
• Cinema and theatre architecture
• Suburban homes for multi-families
• Multimedia film city
• Gaming and Animation studio
• Aquarium-Aqua display and design
• Marine park design
• Lightning excellence center
• MTRS study and station
• Modern art museum
• Convention center
• Automobile training center
• Archaeological survey institute
• Luxury beach-facing apartments
• The bus terminal with a commercial complex
• School of art & design
• Cruise terminal design
• Bio-climatic buildings
• Media center
• Cricket stadium display
• Disaster management institute
• Resort design
• Polo retreat
• Television and film institute
• The transit system as well as the possible improvements
• Educational Institute for all rural children
• A local heritage site
• The lighting system in the Egyptian Pyramids
• Film city studios, gaming area as well its structure
• Underwater restaurants in different parts of the globe for light, electricity, and sanitation.
• The transformation node found at the Lancaster
• The heat/cooling systems in beach huts
• Checking pressure and oxygen levels for building tourists spots
• Fashion Fiesta Paris
• The Golden Gate and architecture
• An archaeologist’s point of view of China from a survey of China
• WHO’s headquarters and renovation
• The ideal environment for a Rehab
• Russian fairytale-style homes and huts
• A clear insight into the auto industry
• Installing swimming pools in a mall
• Training centers for adults in Texas
• Buildings for religious purposes
• Comparing contemporary vs. traditional housing
• Deconstructing a typical school to make room for collaboration and creativity
• Apartments for couples
• Multifamily suburban homes
• The power of air: leaving closed windows for good
• Semidetached and row houses
• Staying on the budget while creating an architectural masterpiece
• Single-family suburban homes
• Hotels and residence
• Single-family country homes
• Developing healthy living spots in third-world countries
• Design of Ruled Surfaces.
• A method to design the kinetic planar surface using mathematical tessellation techniques.
• Waterfront development of an exhibition center
• Bio-inspired design for adaptable structures
• Construction of time conception
• A critical view of architecture – is it sustainable?
• Analytical studies of design potentials in architecture
• Determination of the concept of place in the built environment’s reproduction process
• Aqua display/Research Center
• Forest Research/Training Institute
• Archaeological Survey of Canada – Research and Training Institute
• Luxury Sea-front Studios at Ottawa
• Digital Morphogenesis as well as Its Implementation
• Bio-climatic Tower
• Mass rapid transit system study and station
• Designing organic structures to withstand time
• Showing culture in structures
• Maximizing size in miniature apartments
• Architectural trends at most transportation hubs
• Redefining a city with architecture
• Renovating century-old structures without losing the culture
• Outdoor architecture: creating getaways in small backyards.

A master of architecture qualification provides students with the relevant knowledge, skills, and values needed to enter the architecture sector and pursue opportunities and careers in this profession for master thesis help . It focuses on developing the ability to adapt to change in the diverse and critical world we live in. students are allowed to create a speculative and reflective relationship to their work.

• The introduction of biotechnology in architecture design for adaptable structures.
• An analytical assessment of mathematical organization methods in active flat surface plans.
• The consideration of soil and terrain conditions to determine adequate story building locations.
• A conceptual method for the outline and fabrication of cultural centers and foundations
• Finding the importance of a town or county’s various buildings and structures.
• A critical analysis of the architectural techniques used to construct the lighting within the ancient pyramids of Giza.
• An evaluation of the restaurants near the coastline in various areas of the country with important consideration on plumbing, air supply, and lighting.
• An analysis of China’s Great Wall with consideration of the structure’s historical significance.
• Understanding the impact of certain architectural codes and protocols on the environment.
• The possibility to achieve inexpensive house construction plans in first-world countries.
• Why do the majority of third-world countries have substandard housing structures?
• A case study on the significance of all learners of architecture in the profession.
• An analysis of the primary conditions that affect buildings in places that are susceptible to earthquakes.
• Building methods and consideration for constructions with the ability to endure natural disasters.
• A detailed report of the Twin Towers and the popularity of skyscraper construction.
• The significance of applied science in defining modern housing from traditional examples.
• Using records in architecture to understand the history of the profession.
• A critical analysis of architectural photography.
• The evaluation of cost considerations in architectural specifications and estimations.
• What motivates different architectural drawings and concepts.
• Case studies on sustainable modern design structures.
• The importance of digital mapping and concepts in architecture.
• Methods of limiting energy loss.

Industrial architecture is a branch of architecture that is used for the design of industrial buildings. These buildings need to be designed with consideration of their main purpose, which is to process raw materials. Their designs need to prioritize safety and optimal function over aesthetics and exterior appeal.

With the increased evolution taking place in technology today, industrial buildings and their designs need to adapt and keep up. This is why it calls for more research and consideration since industrial buildings are a need for modern society.

• Waterfront development – Beach convention and exhibition centers.
• Design of ruled surfaces.
• Construction of time conception in the architectural realm.
• A critical view of sustainable architecture.
• Determination of Place concept in the reproduction process of the built environment.
• Analytical study of the design potentials in kinetic architecture.
• Is deconstructive architecture useful?
• How did brutalism and contemporary architectures influence the world?
• Current trends in parametric architecture.
• How will traditional industrial structures be made more environmentally friendly and sustainable?
• Industrial architecture’s evolution.
• A critical analysis of the Dockland building, Germany.
• What purpose does industrial architecture play in creating a safe environment?
• Where do the professions of car construction and manufacturing come together?
• Industrial architecture during the industrial revolution.
• Evaluation of daylight in office buildings.
• Analysis of different lifestyle interactions.
• The purpose of reinforced concrete skeleton systems and earthquake’s effect on them.
• The future of architecture with the consideration of space exploration.
• The purpose of environmental science and social anthropology in architecture.
• Making architecture design studios relevant in the technological era.
• Extra skills are necessary for working on complex architectural projects.
• How collaboration is helping architectures achieve complex structural needs.

This is the branch of architecture that deals with environmental, social, and economic factors. This profession is based on various rules and traditions that were passed down for centuries. It grants architects the ability to find new ways to innovate the architectural industry.

Over time, the design for buildings all over the world evolves and is influenced by different cultures and styles. This can give the structure of the building different meanings and provides various opportunities to discuss its design and reason to be built.

• Theme parks and attractions
• Religious buildings
• Auditoriums
• Sport facilities
• Art galleries
• Cultural centers and foundations
• School and universities
• Bars and discotheques
• Shopping malls
• Theaters and cinemas
• Restaurants
• Transportation thesis on airports
• Train stations
• Urban transport
• Promenades and streets
• Urban parks
• Stores and showrooms
• Peripheral parks
• Urban monuments and land art

Sustainable architecture is the use of various plans and techniques to withstand the negative effect on the environment of modern man-made structures. Architects would take all aspects of the project, from landscape to water drainage, and determine the best way for the building to function with the least impact on the environment. These buildings and designs need to ensure that they are functional, appealing to the eye, and have as little carbon footprint as possible.

• Neighborhood development
• Community garden concepts
• Waste recycling facilities
• Heritage building restoration
• Rehabilitation housing
• Riverfront development
• SMART village
• Net-Zero energy building
• Bermed structure
• Regenerative design
• Urban Agriculture center
• Revitalizing abandoned mills and processing buildings
• Eco-tourism facilities
• Revival of an old building
• Repurpose a building
• Redevelopment of a slum
• Vertical farm
• Wetland restoration
• Energy efficiency in buildings
• How the location of the building is necessary for sustainability

Picking one of the topics above may help you get a head start on your paper. However, if you still need dissertation writing help, you can find professionals to help you with fresh ideas to work on.

Are you stuck with writing your thesis? Just enter promo “ mythesis ” – that’s all you need to get a 20% discount for any architecture writing assignment you might have!

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Bachelor Thesis - Food & Architecture

FOOD &amp; ARCHITECTURE REVEALING THE COMPLEXITY OF NECESSITY

BACHELOR THESIS 2020 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN

CHRISTINA DREXEL

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In dedication to...

my Mom, for always believing in me, sharing her passion of food with me, and keeping me well fed

my Dad, for always pushing me and encouraging me to strive for my very best

my brother Max, for challenging my preconceptions and inspiring my thesis

my advisor Jim, for feeding my mind

my friends, for supporting me every step of the way

and Maxwell, for his boundless enthusiasm and tremendous support â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; from start to finish.

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOOD &amp; ARCHITECTURE: REVEALING THE COMPLEXITY OF NECESSITY

1. INTRODUCTION - abstract - investigation - concept

9 10 - 19 20 - 21

2. ANALYSIS - precedents

- site selection

- site analysis

3. DESIGN - study models

- final design

4. RESEARCH - supermarket study

- material palette study

- table study

- garden study

5. RECIPES 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

102 - 123 126 - 139 141

1.INTRODUCTION FOOD &amp; ARCHITECTURE: REVEALING THE COMPLEXITY OF NECESSITY

ABSTRACT Much of human experience is shaped by just two factors: our need for sustenance and our need for shelter. Everyone requires food to nourish their bodies and refuge to protect themselves, but the ubiquitous connection between sustenance and shelter goes far beyond pure necessity. We do not build simply to create shelter much in the same way that we do not eat purely for sustenance. People no longer wish to merely survive, but rather to thrive. Our ability to form raw materials in unique and exciting ways enables us to create experiences that are both pleasurable and meaningful. The act of cooking, like the act of building, is a creative endeavor in which individuals not only learn, but share a variety of ideas and experiences with one another; preparing a meal is simultaneously a deeply personal and highly communal act. Humanityâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;s desire to create is the key attribute that has allowed different peoples to establish their own unique culture and identity, both architectural and culinary. Our modern lifestyle finds people increasingly disconnected from one another and their environment. The ability for people in the twenty-first century to eat and build whatever they want, whenever they want has had many unforeseen consequences, the greatest of which affect the unknowing populace. By removing and concealing the process of food production from the public, people not only lose control of what they are consuming, but also awareness of the impact that their choices may have. The act of preparing a meal in this context is no longer valued, but instead viewed as an inconvenience to the individual and an impediment to the act of eating. Similarly, the process of designing and constructing thoughtfully made buildings is devalued by the demand for efficiency. Buildings are now being constructed and systematized in a fashion similar to the preparation of fast food. The prioritization of speed and convenience has led to an architecture that not only promotes a lifestyle of isolation, but supports the development of unsustainable and unhealthy habits. It is therefore paramount to create an architecture that reveals the complex nature of necessity to its inhabitants in order to reconnect individuals to their community and to their environment. By connecting people to their two most instinctual needs, food and shelter, through an understanding of production, individuals can regain a sense of ownership and responsibility. In this architecture, everything must be made transparent, nothing should be hidden. The processes of the Edible Education Center, both in construction and operation, need to be as honest and apparent as the food prepared within it.

INVESTIGATION During my sophomore year of college, my brother asked me a question, which went along the lines of, “If the perfect building was a box, why wouldn’t we all just live in boxes?”. At the time, I had no rebuttal to his question, but my gut reaction was that it was ridiculous to even ask – who in their right mind would want to live in a box? Clearly, we do not all live in boxes... but why not? The bigger question my brother was really asking me that day was why architecture even matters. Coming from a family of engineers, I am constantly confronted with skepticism and doubt about my choice to pursue architecture, but the question my brother asked really baffled me. Why is the career I am pursuing important? My intuition says it is indispensable, but yet at the same time I could not articulate a clear reason why in response to (what seemed to be) a silly question. It was not until a year later that I happened upon a line of thinking which would ultimately ground my design beliefs and lead me to find a niche of architecture that would become the focus of my thesis. I had this epiphany while working in my little cubical during my summer internship. I was listening to “Fat isn’t Bad, Stupid is Bad”, an episode of the Food52 podcast Burnt Toast, while working. While listening to Michael Ruhlman describe what makes food nu10

tritious rather than “healthy”, I realized that food was the perfect analogy for architecture. Food much like architecture is necessary for survival, but both food and architecture are often elevated beyond basic needs through design. The answer to my brother’s question lies in the word perfect. Perfect is a subjective term. To my brother, the box was “perfect” in that it was perfectly engineered. It was not beautiful aesthetically, but rather beautiful in its efficiency as a machine for living. However, my education over the past five years has taught me that this is just one interpretation of beauty, and a highly disputed one at that. In my mind, this “perfect” box is perfect in only one very specific facet of design, while completely disregarding any and every other aspect which could further define it. To me, this meant that the box, as a whole, was imperfect, despite possessing desirable attributes, because it lacked balance. This is where the analogy of food to architecture proves useful. In terms of food, the best comparison to the box proposed by my brother would be Soylent Green. Soylent Green, the product of the 1973 fictional dystopian film, represents the perfectly engineered food substitute for an overpopulated and polluted Earth. In the film, shortages in food, water, and housing as a result of climate change and resource depletion lead the government to create Soylent Green as a way to feed their ever-growing populace. It appears to be a saving grace, until it is revealed at the end of the movie that Soylent Green is actually made from the bodies of the deceased and that the government is covertly engaging in and profiting from controlled cannibalism. Soylent Green, much like the perfect box, focuses on one attribute, and one attribute only – sustenance. Unlike other foods, Soylent Green is the only thing a person needs to eat in order to survive. It is extremely effective at supplying the unsuspecting public with nutrients, who devour it eagerly, and it could arguably be said to do so “perfectly”. However, as the viewer, we know it to be inherently flawed, not just based on what it is made of. 11

Having tasted real food, the viewer is able to discern that the bland, cracker-like food substitute is unappetizing at best, if it could even be considered edible. In the film, simple aspects of life that are taken for granted today, such as indulging in a fresh meal, are considered luxuries only available to a rich minority. Most individuals in this dystopian future are deprived of these experiences and have never even tasted â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x153;realâ&amp;#x20AC;? food before. The perfect box and Soylent Green, while both efficient and ingenious, neglect greater sensory experiences beyond pure necessity and sacrifice humanity for efficiency. Similar to how Soylent Green provides individuals with the basic necessary nutrients to survive, the perfectly engineered box provides people with their basic need for shelter, but ultimately deprives them of the greater benefits and experiences humanity has to offer. If necessary, a person could live in the perfect box much like they could subsist only on soylent green, but if given the choice, would they choose to do so? No. This is because the perfect box and Soylent Green grossly oversimplify the needs of people to just shelter and sustenance, and disregard the greater needs and wants of individuals. Tradition, culture, and heritage are watered down or completely lost, and all that remains is convenience. Today, we face many challenges echoing the ideas explored in the film Soylent Green. As food production has become more mechanized, the knowledge, experiences, and consequences associated with it have gradually become farther removed from the consumer. As a result, people are completely disconnected from the processes and nuances of making a meal, and are as unaware of what goes into their food as characters in the film were ignorant of Soylent Greenâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;s true ingredients. These same issues are reflected in the construction industry. The analogy between food and architecture has existed for decades, as demonstrated by the infamous McMansion, and reveals how deeply intertwined these two disciplines really are. Preparing food means constructing food, assembling and com12

posing in a means similar to architecture. The way a country feeds its people reflects the way in which it builds and organizes its society. In the United States, this cycle of information has become increasingly informed by our capitalist economic system. The rapid commercialization of goods as a result of industrialization, while initially beneficial to the general populace, has now had many repercussions to our environment and our health. Acting as an equalizing force, mass-produced goods were more affordable and accessible to a wider range of individuals, improving their quality of life. Fast food, supermarkets, modern household kitchen appliances, and tract houses were all products of industrialization that enabled the rise of a middle class with more freedom than ever before. Although these products save consumers time, effort, and money, their production has also led to the development of an American â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2DC;convenience cultureâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;. Consumers are constantly bombarded with a deluge of products, to which they have become normalized. Many citizens in the United States suffer from an overabundance of choice, with most necessities easily available at all times. However, quantity is not always better than quality. Today, more Americans die from chronic health diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and obesity than those that starve to death. Despite the growth of factory farming and industrial agriculture intended to increase production at a lower cost, many people lack access to fresh, whole foods. Even when available, many people choose the quicker, more convenient option anyway, without considering the impact that this has on their health or the food chain they participate in. These same problems are mirrored in the building industry, where modern domestic and commercial infrastructure is increasingly built by cheaper labor with inferior products and skills. Instead of building fewer structures that last hundreds of years, the industry builds with the intent to tear a building down when no longer suits our needs or desires. In a sense, tract houses and big-box stores, which litter our built 13

environment and to which we have become accustomed, are a manifestation of the perfect box. They are efficient, cheap, and easy to build or replace. While Soylent Green has taught us that oversimplifying our needs is detrimental to our well-being, convenience culture reveals that living in luxury is equally as hazardous. I believe it is possible to reconcile the growing chasm between producers and consumers by finding a balance between survival and luxury in both food and architecture. Although we experience both food and architecture every day, we often remain unaware of the implications they have on our lives and each other. In fact, despite both fields upholding similar values, they rarely come into dialogue with one another in our daily lives. By cross-examining their similarities, it is possible to connect and integrate cooking and building in a common endeavor towards socially responsible architecture. Food and architecture exist on an experiential spectrum, ranging from the essential to the extraordinary. The prior consists of the universal needs for human survival, while the latter comprises the creative undertakings which distinguish groups of people. In a sense, gastronomy is to architecture as sustenance is to shelter. As humans, our universal needs bind us all together and to the world around us. No matter who you are or where you live, we, like all organisms, require some form of nourishment and shelter to survive. In this context, cooking and building act as tools which provide us with some tangible connection to life. They are the functions through which we can begin to understand the world around us and our place within it. Through the acts of cooking and building, we learn about the flow of energy and material through our bodies and our environment. These cycles, while deeply personal, are a shared experience between all individuals, demonstrated through human cohabitation and commensality. In addition to their functional nature, cooking and building also possess strong artistic aspects. Cui14

sine, like architecture, suggests something remarkable; however, there is a lot more to architecture and gastronomy than unbridled opulence. The word “architecture” can bring to mind many stereotypes of high design, with its frivolous forms and wildly impractical use of high intrinsic value materials; the same applies to “gastronomy”, which conjures up images of tiny portions, bizarre amalgamations of ingredients, and flashy gimmicks achieved only through culinary alchemy. This reputation of elitism arises when creative endeavors, like cooking or building, detach themselves entirely from notions of well-being and instead focus purely on appearance and status. However, dismissing all creative pursuits as arbitrary aesthetics apathetic to necessity grossly underestimates their importance. Aesthetic principles, while not biologically essential to human survival, prove invaluable tools for comprehending intangible ideas and the complexity of the natural world. The art of building and the art of cooking allow an individual or collective to share ideas, techniques, and beliefs through the manipulation of tangible materials. Balance, harmony, contrast, proportion, and form are just some of the many ways humans use aesthetics in architecture and cuisine to try and establish order in their experience of reality. Architecture, like food, always conveys a message. The meaning, whether political, social, moral, or spiritual, illustrates the unique social dynamic of a people at a certain time and place in history. The bond between food, place, and people manifests itself through culture, rituals, traditions, and identity. Cuisine and architecture are expressions of and responses to a society’s values and standards. They reflect the thoughts and emotions of a people and facilitate the spread of their ideas via diverse sensory experiences. Both cooking and building are intense, multi-sensory experiences, demanding the attention of all five primary senses and higher cognitive faculties. The way we perceive food and architecture varies greatly, although they often appeal to our sense of sight first. However, looks can be deceiving, especially in 15

regard to food, which can look far better – or worse – than it tastes. We do not taste architecture in the same sense that we taste food. While our literal sense of taste goes unused in our experience of the built environment, the idea of taste is still quite relevant. ‘Taste’ is an aesthetic concept, giving individuals the ability to make social judgments based on physiological and cultural factors. Everything is subject to individual taste. Our sensory experiences, perceptions, feelings, and memories all allow us to develop personal preferences grounded by internal, biological interactions with the outside world. Although no two people can share the exact same physical sensations, judgments of taste are not exclusive to individuals. Taste is a socially determined judgment, dependent on values that are shared with other people. Food and architecture are both social experiences, in which participants do not just passively perceive social standards, but rather actively define them. Culture and tradition are the collective judgments of a group of people, establishing parameters for “good” and “bad” behavior based on shared values and common experience. These systems of social values provide alternatives to metric systems of value, like efficiency and convenience. We eat for many reasons – pleasure, indulgence, boredom, connection, tradition, nostalgia, stress. To say nourishment is the only viable reason we eat disregards a massive part of the human experience. The duality of taste represents the dialogue between our individual physiological preferences and greater sociocultural standards, revealing the equity of their importance in daily life. If only essential attributes of both food and architecture are prioritized, then we risk the destruction of a diverse, cultural human landscape. The homogenization of our architecture and cuisine is already apparent across the country and the world, with fast-food chains and sprawling suburban neighborhoods dominating the built environment. While the negative health effects of commercialized food products are more apparent than ever before, 17

the impact of the homogenized metropolitan landscape on our lives is less obvious, but equally as detrimental. The shift in domestic architecture to suburban “cookie-cutter” developments has led to an unsustainable American lifestyle, prioritizing efficiency and predictability, while sacrificing connection and individuality. Most of the spaces we inhabit are poorly designed, banal ‘boxes’ which focus primarily on efficient construction rather than on facilitating the lives of the inhabitants. The commodification of the single-family home has led to the development of an overall cultural indifference towards aesthetic and biological values. A home’s value is no longer measured by the quality of life within it, but rather by metrics of size and cost. The one-size-fits-all model of American housing oversimplifies the complex and varied lives of different individuals, reducing the home to a house and perpetuating a culture obsessed with convenience. The kitchen is often referred to as the heart of the home; however, this is no longer the case. The kitchen today is a product of commercialization, imbued with political and social values incompatible with our current lifestyles and beliefs. Prior to the twentieth century, cooking happened at the hearth, not in a kitchen. Most working class families could not afford an entire room solely dedicated to food preparation, and those who could had servants to cook for them. The first modern home kitchens only started to appear following the advent of mass-production, where household appliances could now replace professional cooks and housemaids. Notions of communal living or cooking were rejected under the traditional capitalist model, due to their ties to communist ideology. It was now the sole responsibility of women to prepare food for the household. The responsibility of food production has now come into question again. Today, with the return of women to the workforce, few parents are able to simultaneously maintain the role of full-time homemaker and wage-worker, outsourcing the task of cooking to the food industry and, therefore, severing the art of cooking from the household kitchen. These com18

panies do not have the consumer’s best interest in mind, filling the void left by the domestic housewife with junk food, microwavable meals, and take-out. The poor quality of our modern diet reflects the same inadequacies in our built environment. Our current infrastructure and domestic housing models do not appropriately respond to the greater psychological and sociocultural needs of the people. The gradual removal of food preparation from the home has left the role of the kitchen in question. The kitchen plays an essential role in mediating our biological and aesthetic values, serving as the primary link to food and architecture in our daily lives. By moving the kitchen beyond the constraints of the home and into the community, individuals are provided a place to gather and reconnect with each other and the world around them. A communal kitchen would give individuals the opportunity to regain a sense of ownership, awareness, and responsibility over their lives through the shared preparation and consumption of edible materials. Instead of life revolving around the notions of function and efficiency, in this model, food becomes the principal medium of design in future homes, towns, and cities. The architecture itself becomes an embodiment of the food prepared within it. Cooking represents just one component in a complex system of food production. An architecture of food cannot just consider the act of cooking alone, but rather its relationship to cultivation and consumption. All three elements must work in conjunction and harmony with one another in order to thoroughly engage users in the entire process of making a meal. The transparency in the preparation of ingredients must be reflected in the architecture, ensuring inhabitants’ complete control over the quality of their experiences. This book is not just a documentation of these ideas, but rather a recipe in itself – showing the process from start to finish how these three elements – the kitchen, garden, and dining space – meld together into one, cohesive project, guided by my sense of taste.

CONCEPT In order to reconnect the individual to the food chain, the supply chain itself must be shortened. Today, most foods go through multiple stages of production before ever reaching consumers. Once harvested, many crops go directly to factories to be processed in a series of complex industrial methods. While humans have employed many methods to process food throughout time, such as milling grains into flour and culturing milk to make yogurts and cheeses, the mechanization of the food industry has increasingly enabled the rapid consumption of ultra-processed foods. These products contain numerous added ingredients that are highly manipulated and have proven to have deleterious health effects. Although farmers markets have encouraged consumers to shorten this chain by directly connecting buyers to local farmers and vendors, a new typology could take this concept one step further. Rather than â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x153;farm to tableâ&amp;#x20AC;?, the architecture would become the farm. This idea has already begun to gain traction in the field, as seen by the growing interest in urban gardening and vertical farming. I would like to explore new avenues in which this idea could manifest itself, not just in urban areas, but also in suburban ones.

ANALYSIS FOOD &amp; ARCHITECTURE: REVEALING THE COMPLEXITY OF NECESSITY

PRECEDENT 1 The Edible Schoolyard at P.S. 216 in New York City is a fantastic example of how combining food and architecture can empower individuals to reconnect and reevaluate their own relationship with the environment. By incorporating architectural learning tools with a hands-on cooking and gardening education, this project is able to capture the interest of young students and encourage them to consider how people are interconnected with the built and natural environments. The playful use of color, materials, and form in the buildingâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;s three major components all help to create a dynamic learning atmosphere that enables students to be curious about these relationships.

SITE SELECTION The college campus is the perfect place to test architecture that promotes awareness and curiosity through food preparation. As blossoming young adults, college students are tasked with learning how to become self sufficient for the first time. Many students have never had to prepare a proper meal for themselves before and may come from families that primarily eat out, making it an ideal time to expose them to mindful cooking and eating habits.

Students often sacrifice cooking for themselves in favor of quick, convenient fast food served in dining halls because they are not provided with adequate facilities and training to teach them the necessary skills to prepare a tasty, nourishing meal. These

VT Residential VT Academic BT Bus Stops

habits carry into adulthood, contributing to the unsustainable continuation of unmindful consumption. Virginia Techâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;s agricultural background as well as multicultural and multi-generational environment

Major Access-ways Downtown Campus Property

gives the university the necessary resources and expertise to create an exceptional on-campus facility that would support student development promoting the preparation and consumption of nutritious food. 26

Potential Site Local Amenities

HOMEFIELD FARM PRODUCE STAND A pop-up farm stand in front of Turner Place where organic produce from a nearby student-operated farm is made available weekly. This event engages students to purchase fresh, local produce to prepare themselves by providing easy access to high quality products.

BLACKSBURG FARMERS MARKET B

An open-air pavilion where members of the community gather every Saturday to purchase a variety of edible and handmade products from local vendors. It provides students the opportunity to engage with their community and interact with local farmers and craftsmen.

HAHN HORTICULTURE GARDEN C

A six acre teaching and display garden available to students and the local community as a public amenity and a learning resource for an array of horticulture topics, such as landscape design and sustainable practices. The gardens act not only as a learning and demonstration space for students, but also engages the community in on-campus activities.

HISTORIC SMITHFIELD PLANTATION A historic home that includes a kitchen garden and orchard in which authentic, 18th century heirloom plants are grown to demonstrate the lifestyle of frontier settlers in Appalachia. This space exhibits sustainable and self-sufficient growing practices at a small-scale.

DUCK POND LOT A small, open field across from the Drillfield and in-between the main access route to the Duck Pond and the forest at the Grove. The location along West Campus Drive is highly visible and would showcase the architecture at the center of campus to those driving by.

DIETRICK LAWN An underutilized and underdeveloped quad for students located along Washington Street. Situated between two dorms and a dining hall, it is at the heart of the residential side of campus, making it an ideal place to attract and engage students.

TENNIS COURT LOT A small piece of property at the edge of campus near the residential side of campus by the tennis courts. At the boundary between campus and downtown Blacksburg, this site could enable equal access to both the community and students.

NORTH END CENTER LOT An undeveloped lot in downtown Blacksburg next to the parking garage and strip mall of North End Center and across from the Central Steam Plant. Building here would not only help to dissolve the boundary between campus and downtown, but also beautify the area.

D2 PRITCHARD HALL

DIETRICK LAWN

CASSELL COLISEUM

AMBLER JOHNSTON HALL

SITE ANALYSIS Out of the four possible lots explored, Dietrick Lawn’s centralized location makes it the most accessible site for students and an ideal place to design an edible education facility on Virginia Tech’s campus. Its close proximity to highly trafficked living and dining facilities ensures the building’s ability to visually entice and physically engage students in cooking and gardening programs.

SITE ANALYSIS 1 Incorporating and adapting the existing circulation paths along Washington Street and Dietrick Plaza will be essential for the facilityâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;s overall accessibility. All parts of the tripartite program must be recognizable and easily accessible from the street and existing sidewalks. The way in which these programs overlap and interact along these paths establishes not only how individuals flow through the site, but through the building as well.

SITE ANALYSIS 2 Sunlight is crucial for any garden, but especially when growing crops. Maximizing sunlight ensures better crop performance and higher crop yields for most edible plants. By building along the north-eastern side of the site and planting on the south-western side, the amount of shade cast onto the garden can be minimized.

SITE ANALYSIS 3 The most compelling of the preliminary designs incorporates the existing vegetation on the site to create a diverse edible landscape. The uppermost part of the site, with its many trees, would be adapted into an edible forest, while the trees on the perimeter would be integrated into a large deck, creating a threshold between the new building and the sidewalk.

SITE ANALYSIS 4 Two possible layouts of the program were developed using the first preliminary sketch. Both utilized the iconic form of the traditional greenhouse, but divided the spaces within the elongated scheme in slightly different ways. The first divided the program horizontally, while the second divided it vertically. This division visually creates a dichotomy between solid and transparent forms based on the programmatic needs of the space.

SITE ANALYSIS 4A Dividing the building into three equal sections, this diagrammatic model places the program in a linear order along the main path of circulation; greenhouse, kitchen, and dining. This division reflects the process in which a meal is made; where fresh ingredients are grown, cooked, and then consumed. The greenhouse and dining space are therefore mediated by the cooking space, which seeks to physically tie these two aspects together through architecture.

SITE ANALYSIS 4B In this iteration, the greenhouse replaces the kitchen as the programmatic mediator. By dividing the building lengthwise instead of widthwise, the relationship between the different programs becomes triangulated rather than linear. This division provides more interdisciplinary opportunities at the points of overlap and allows the garden to become all-pervasive, connecting to both the cooking and dining spaces and reminding individuals of the process. .

DESIGN FOOD &amp; ARCHITECTURE: REVEALING THE COMPLEXITY OF NECESSITY

STRUCTURE The use of a framework is a central aspect of the building design that is inspired by food. During my research, I explored the ways in which a basic framework could bring order and structure to a design, architectural or culinary. Structure plays a similar role for the architect and the chef, in which they can organize and play with different elements in order to create something novel. A recipe acts as a blueprint, providing varying degrees of guidance to the completion of a dish. By establishing a framework, the ingredients can be brought together in a pleasurable, harmonious fashion. I believe this is a shared philosophy between cuisine and architecture.

FRAMES I began employing a system of frame and infill. In this exploration, I started with a rigid framework, placing rooms within the grid and, in later iterations, even breaking the grid. This playful endeavor allowed me to think of the building itself as a meal, composed of many different elements that come together to create a cohesive whole. Rather than dividing the building into three clear sections, as I originally envisioned, the program would be distributed throughout the entire building. The framework could therefore be used to distinguish and organize these spaces with varied programs throughout the entire building.

ROOF 1 In this investigation, I began to question the validity of using the generic gable roof in the design. While initially an homage to the greenhouse, I soon realized it was instead a restrictive placeholder. Unsure of how to enclose the space, I tested and compared multiple different ways to unify the fragmented rooms under a single roof: butterfly, barrel vault, shed, and many more.

ROOF 2 Out of all the variations I tested in the roof study, I found this one to be the most engaging. The idea of having multiple sections of the building articulated by different, interconnected roofs completely brought into question my original notion that these spaces must all reside under a single roof in order to read as a cohesive whole. By using a frame, I could already connect the spaces and imply their relationships to one another; a single roof proved superfluous. Instead, I could distinguish the different types of programs occurring within the building by using the roof as an indicator of function to passers-by. This choice allows for smaller, more variable spaces that can be customized for individual styles of cooking or gardening.

PROGRAM DIAGRAM 1 Laying out the specific processes of each program through a flow diagram, I explored the different ways that the garden, kitchen, and dining spaces interact with each other. Inspired by the continuous cycle of resources between them, I started to create small clusters where each program could directly inform the other, but be distinguished by the varied roof forms.

PROGRAM DIAGRAM 2 I continued to diagram the different functions of each program type, determining the necessary amenities required to support them. This enabled me to find overlapping spatial requirements, where different thresholds and boundaries could be established.

PROGRAM DIAGRAM 3 Thinking more specifically about the kitchen, I laid out all the different types of activities that occur when cooking. Each operation has its own unique spatial requirements and relationships which need to be taken into account, especially with regard to the sequential process of growing, cooking and eating.

ROOF 3 Combining the two previous explorations, I tested the degree to which the program clusters can be broken down into smaller and smaller spaces. The framework, which connects and encloses the building, enables the decentralization of the three programs. By increasing the fragmentation, each cluster is allowed to specialize, allowing for more varied opportunities for the student body. The exploded form also exposes the many different systems and activities happening in the building to passers-by, clearly demonstrating transparency of the programmatic processes. The fragmented form of the architecture, would therefore visually entice and inform students through a broader exposure to different gardening, cooking, and eating practices.

PRELIMINARY DESIGN The most highly fragmented form creates a complex of multiple smaller building clusters interconnected by a series of paths. These secondary pedestrian paths allow for a porosity of the design, guiding the flow of people through easily. 56

1. GRID In order to create a framework, a grid must first be established. Using 15 ft intervals, I established a reasonable distance for a support structure, while also allowing for ample space for pedestrian movement.

2. FRAME The frame acts as the main unifying element of the design. It encloses both the interior and exterior building spaces, establishing the main boundary between the facility and the rest of campus.

3. PATH Within the framework, interior spaces are distinguished from one another using exterior circulation paths. These paths simultaneously divide and connect the interior spaces.

4. CLUSTERS Using folded forms, interior spaces are subdivided by programmatic functions. The varied roof forms of the different clusters visually indicate the unique activities occurring within each module.

DESIGN PROCESS This sequence of diagrams demonstrates the synthesis of elements from previous explorations into a single design.

CLUSTER DIAGRAM 1 Thinking about how to create boundaries and thresholds between the programs, I decided to fragment the forms again, creating a tertiary circulation path within the cluster. This subsequent fragmentation would enable an additional level of exposure in each cluster.

CLUSTER DIAGRAM 2 Because each cluster is specialized, it also contains a different arrangement of modular elements. In this sketch, I tested various different sized modules, seeing which could easily be rearranged together in a multitude of ways.

REVISED PRELIMINARY DESIGN Applying the new cluster arrangements to the previous concept, this program diagram became the basis for the final design. Within the clusters, the original grid is subdivided into 7.5 ft square bays to accommodate the new circulation paths.

EDIBLE EDUCATION CENTER By transforming the previously barren lawn into an active edible garden, the local landscape will supply the edible education facility with its produce while simultaneously creating a more dynamic outdoor space for students to explore.

SITE PLAN The exterior deck connects the new facility to all major paths of circulation surrounding the site, providing easy access to both on-and-off campus students. The outdoor frame system creates a threshold condition, slowly introducing passersby into the interior space of the clusters.

MATERIALITY The use of wood as the primary building material serves a specific architectural purpose. As one of the only materials that is grown, the act of harvesting and refining wood mirrors the process of cultivating and consuming food. The cycles of nature are then not only represented in the programmatic processes within the building, but embodied in the building itself.

GROUND PLAN The staggering of the clusters within the grid maintains a level of porosity in the design, producing many types of outdoor spaces for the inhabitants to move through or gather in. The clusters themselves employ varying degrees of porosity, using solid walls and rows of columns to communicate boundaries and thresholds between spaces. Each cluster is a unique combination of modules, interconnected by the differing orientations of their folded forms.

WEST ELEVATION The porosity of the facade as a result of its exploded form aids in the transparency of the program. By pulling the building apart, the possible views into the facility and its activities are multiplied.

BUILDING SECTION Each cluster contains a unique combination of modules, creating a multitude of spatial relationships between the floor levels. There is always another room visible, whether from above or below, further demonstrating the transparency of the design.

EAST ELEVATION The side view from Pritchard Hall reveals the multifaceted facade of the building. The fragmented forms used in design clearly display the decentralization of the program.

RESEARCH FOOD &amp; ARCHITECTURE: REVEALING THE COMPLEXITY OF NECESSITY

BOOK 1 The Supermarket, the epitome of commercialized food architecture. The sole purpose of this typology is to gather and distribute mass quantities of food to the public, most of it typically highly processed. For consumers, it acts as one of many links to sustenance and indulgence. Micheal Ruhlman lays out an in depth history of the rise of supermarkets and the nefarious inner workings of our modern food systems. This book opened my eyes to the world of the supermarket, a major component in our contemporary food chain, which desperately needed to be addressed in order to resolve many of our food dilemmas.

SUPERMARKET STUDY 1 Many of the issues addressed by Ruhlmann in his book Grocery revolve around the misleading and confusing labels on food packages, which people are forced to navigate on their own. Labels such as “fat free!” or “all natural” lull shoppers into a false sense of security, because they are able to put their trust into a promise or an establishment and feel like they are making the right choice. However, a lack of understanding and research into any specific product can cause consumers to fall prey to deceptive branding, giving them an illusory sense of control and power over what they are ingesting.

SUPERMARKET STUDY 2 Another major issue with supermarkets is the over abundance of selection that consumers face when shopping. Despite the hundreds upon thousands of products present in the center aisles of a supermarket, the majority of these products are made using only slight variations of the same basic ingredients: salt, sugar, oil, preservatives. Despite not being made of much else, most of these products have giant incomprehensible lists of ingredients. In fact, the nutrition label is a tool often used to see what is detrimental to health rather than what is beneficial. This deceptive display of variety actually containing just a handful cheap, highly processed ingredients, has enabled processed foods to explode in prevalence and popularity.

SUPERMARKET STUDY 3 Our lives revolve around food. Every day, our actions are dictated by the many rhythms and cycles of our bodies â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; some natural, like digestion, and others self imposed, like meal times. While necessary, these repetitive cycles are often viewed more as monotonous nuisances today than as a serious indicators of bodily need. Supermarkets are built using a similar mindset â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; we shop for food because we have to, not because we want to. As a result, they are made to be simple, functional frameworks used to sell consumers food.

SUPERMARKET STUDY 4 In this study, I examined the sequence of movement through the supermarket, which is comprised of three main sections: entry, shopping, and check-out. I only realized after having made the drawings that I had not shown the architecture of the supermarket. The architecture (if it could even be called architecture) is so banal, it is so overpowered by products and brands inside it so that it almost disappears entirely. It is just an empty box, defined by the â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x153;stuffâ&amp;#x20AC;? in the building rather than the building itself. Initially, I wanted to revitalize and re-imagine this typology, but I soon realized that the supermarket would not be the ideal subject for my ideas. It is a manifestation of commercialization in both food and architecture, with limited flexibility to change because of the dependence on highly processed and unsustainably procured foods.

“If the PERFECT building was a box, why wouldn’t we all just live in boxes?”

PERFECT-ly engineered*

1. ARRIVE PERFECTLY ENGINEERED ≠ PERFECT

NECESSITY vs ???

Why does Architecture MATTER?

PLEASURE, COMFORT, LUXURY . . .

FOOD and SHELTER Both NECESSITIES that go beyond “BASIC NEED”

Can ARCHITECTURE prevent OVERINDULGENCE?

3. DEPART DESIGNED vs. ENGINEERED

HOW can the desire for PLEASURE be

with basic NEED?

BOOK 2 In his book Omnivore’s Dilemma, Micheal Pollan reveals how our values are embodied in our food choices. Unlike many animals that are restricted to a highly specific diet, humans are both blessed and cursed with the freedom to eat whatever we want, now more than ever before. With this ability comes many consequences that we, unlike other species, must consider. These impacts are far reaching, extending throughout the food chain. Our choices and actions in response to a question as simple as “what should we eat?” not only determine the quality of our own lives, but all life.

PALETTE Architects, much like chefs, have a vast material palette to choose from. Both are creators who manipulate materials in creative and unique ways for the pleasure of others. Their creations provide meaning, identity, and culture to a society, reflecting the ideas of a place through the traditions of food and architecture. By interpreting how a chef creates a recipe through the palette of an architect â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; structure, form, color, texture â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; I can merge the two in my own design.

PLATING Japanese chef Masa Takayama not only designs each of his meals, but a specific plate for each dish as well. To him, the plate is not a predetermined factor; it can be manipulated and formed to best complement the experience of his food. In architecture, this philosophy is also true for the building site. Architects do not simply build on a site, but rather carefully compose the site in tandem with the building in order to determine sequence and relationships between the parts. The site can therefore be thought of as a plate, where a meal is carefully constructed.

MATERIAL STUDY 1 By establishing a framework on the site, I was able to begin building a â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x153;recipeâ&amp;#x20AC;?. A blueprint and recipe are both similar; each establish rules for bringing elements together in a systematic way that can be replicated. Pieces within the frame, could be rearranged, making slight variations in the outcome

MATERIAL STUDY 2 I wanted to rethink the frame, defining the boundaries between the materials rather than the boundaries of the site. As a result, the framework almost seems to disappear, with the ingredients as the most prevalent feature.

MATERIAL STUDY 3 Recipes can vary greatly. Slight changes to the framework can present ingredients in a completely new light. Using the same concept from the previous study, I altered the form of the site to see what implication this would have on the frame and the ingredients within it.

MATERIAL STUDY 4 By using the tools of an architect, plan and elevation, I was able to think about the study in a new way. All ingredients, while visible from above, could only be partially perceived while looking at it from the side. Each side in a sense acted as a bite of a meal, with some flavors being revealed and other hidden. By pairing different materials together, each side can expose something new about the design, providing a variety of experiences.

MATERIAL STUDY 5 I realized that the way in which I was addressing the framework was quite limiting. A recipe is flexible, it acts more as a basic guide with many possible outcomes. It is not meant to have one perfect end product. It is meant to be experimented with, ingredients substituted or omitted based on preferences or whatâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;s at hand. Taking the same framework from the first material study, I tried to think of it more loosely using a small palette of materials.

MATERIAL STUDY 5A Rather than compactly fit all the pieces within the frame to fill it, I decided to place a single piece in each section of the frame as an experiment. I found this process to be quite similar to how a chef creates a recipe, as I placed and shifted pieces within the frame to see what combination of pieces best complemented each other.

MATERIAL STUDY 5B Next, I focused on sequence. In many recipes, the sequence in which ingredients are added matters. Once added, it may not be possible to go back to a previous state. I tested this by placing the materials in a specific order and orientation, so that once the final piece is placed within the frame, the first piece can no longer be removed.

BOOK 3 The Kitchen perfectly melds the philosophies of food and design together, revealing that good food is the fuel for good ideas. Studio Olafur Eliasson takes readers on a journey through their daily lives, sharing stories, recipes, and thoughts about the important role food plays in their studio. The acts of eating and cooking, while deeply personal, connect each individual to the rest of the world, especially to on another. Food makes us aware; of our body, our community, and the world.

TABLE STUDY 1 The way we eat has many implications on our interactions with both our food and those around us. Just like the utensils and vessels used to help us consume our food, the table is a tool that helps to facilitate the meal. In these drawings, I try to understand how the space of the table impacts the way we eat with others. The table is a spatial object, constructed using similar basic ideas as a building. Privacy, proximity, and materiality can all influence our relationship to the food and the people we are eating it with.

BOOK 4 During my research, this intriguing image from the book The Everyday and Architecture kept popping up in my search for precedents. It uses the meal as an analogy for the architectâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;s impossible task to organize human life. Architects employ many tools, like structure and function, to try and bring order to our daily, domestic lives. However, for a design to be successful, it must recognize and allow for spontaneity and serendipity to occur, rather than suppress such occurrences. The messy dining table after a long meal reveals and celebrates the disorder of life, and becomes the main source of inspiration the authors use to bring order to their architecture.

TABLE STUDY 2 What I find most compelling about the Dining Table study is the memory of human life captured in a simple drawing set. The sequence of scenes demonstrates the beautiful chaos of a meal. I wanted to build upon this study with the ideas I gained from The

Kitchen and show the interactions of the occupants with each other, not just the table. The dining table is a tool to facilitate interaction while eating; eating is therefore not a isolated act, but a communal one. We use meals to celebrate, share stories and ideas, and spend time with loved ones. The table, much like good architecture, provides a basic structure that allows these memories to form.

GARDEN STUDY The act of eating does not start with cooking, but with growing. “All you eat is light”. This quote from

The Kitchen completely changed the way I thought about and understood food. All consumable energy, everything we eat, starts with plants. Plants are one of the only organisms able to absorb and convert sunlight into usable energy, meaning all food – processed or unprocessed – starts with a seed. Including a garden, where individuals would realize their connection to the food chain, became crucial to the design. Excluding the garden would conceal a massive part of what goes into making a meal.

GARDEN STUDY 1 Incorporating an indoor garden into the window system of a building would be one way to provide fresh food to the inhabitants, while still supplying ample sunlight for most crops. The shelves could even be modified to move and allow the windows to open, optimizing growing conditions.

GARDEN STUDY 2 For plants with higher sunlight demands or deep root systems, small alcoves could connect to the main cooking areas that better accommodate the plants needs. This would allow easy access to a larger diversity of plants year round.

GARDEN STUDY 3 Combining the planter with the counter top provides inhabitants with fresh vegetables and herbs right in front of them as they cook. This design directly connects individuals, visually and physically, to the food chain as they prepare a meal.

GARDEN STUDY 4 Through my studies, I realized growing food is just as important as preparing food. In my free time, I had already started to cook in order to gain a better understanding of the process, but I felt like I lacked the hands-on knowledge of how to obtain the ingredients with which I was cooking. I decided to design an indoor container garden as a way to reconnect myself to the production of food. I wanted to experience exactly what I was advocating in my thesis â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; the process of preparing a meal from start to finish â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; and used this to directly inform the building design.

FEBRUARY 17, 2020

Designing and building the indoor garden was three a week long process. I built the frame using raw materials I bought from a local wood mill. The process mimicked my experiences cooking â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; taking raw materials, cutting and refining them into one final product. 112

GERMINATION (paper towel method)

MARCH 9, 2020

I attached wheels to the base of the frame in order to make it more mobile. This enabled me to bring my indoor garden outside for the first time. Most of my seedlings had fully sprouted at this point and I was able to transplant the larger seedlings into the lower containers. 114

MARCH 26, 2020

I had to move my garden into my apartment due to the Coronavirus lockdown. This ultimately proved beneficial, as I could monitor the progress of the garden more closely than before. I was able to harvest a handful of beans and compare them to their store-bought counterparts. 116

STORE BOUGHT

CROSS-SECTION

MARCH 29, 2020

I needed to re-pot many of my plants, as the peat pots I had initially used began to grow mold and lose integrity. I tried out a variety of different vessels, from re-purposed food containers to terracotta pots, in order to test and see the impact on seedling growth. 118

APRIL 7, 2020

I soon ran into trouble after realizing I had brought fungus gnats from Cowgill into my apartment. The infestation badly hindered the growth of many of my seedlings and also led to the spread of fungal diseases. My beets, arugula, spinach, and beans all showed signs of fungus. 120

INDOOR COMPOST BIN

RED WIGGLER

THE BANE OF MY EXISTENCE (fungus gnat)

HARMLESS (springtail)

MAY 7, 2020

The fungus gnats soon spread to all of my plants, killing many of them before they were harvestable. After placing some plants outside, I soon realized I attracted another pest â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C; a variety of root aphids. I decided to cut my loses and harvest what I could, which was primarily herbs. 122

DESTRUCTIVE (root aphids)

RECIPES FOOD &amp; ARCHITECTURE: REVEALING THE COMPLEXITY OF NECESSITY

PORK MEDALLIONS &amp; CHERRY PEPPER SAUCE AUGUST 20 Ingredients: - 1 1/2 pounds pork tenderloin - 1 cup sugar - 1 pound cherries - 1 TB brandy - 1 TB ground pepper - 2 fennel bulbs + greens - 1 TB unsalted butter - 2 shallots diced - 1/2 cups heavy cream - ground white pepper - kartoffelknรถdel mix

What was supposed to be a quick dinner turned into a three hour long endeavor. The recipe itself was quite simple and straight forward, leading my roommate and I to believe that caramelizing the sugar for the sauce would also be simple, when in fact it took several failed attempts of recrystallized sugar before successfully cooking it down. After accidentally buying pie filling rather than canned cherries, we had been close to giving up on the sauce all together, but eventually succeeded.

ROASTED EGGPLANT &amp; PESTO PASTA SEPTEMBER 4 Ingredients: - 2 cups basil - 1/4 cup pine/walnuts - 1 clove garlic - 1/2 tsp salt - 1/4 tsp pepper - 1 cup parmesan, grated - 1 lb short cut pasta - 1 whole eggplant, cubed - 1/2 container cherry tomatoes

A friend of mine shared this recipe with me during studio while discussing my thesis. Despite eating fresh pesto often at home, I had never made it myself before. My roommate had never tried homemade pesto before, so it felt like the perfect recipe to cook together that evening. After studio, my roommate and I went to the grocery store to pick up some ingredients, but couldnâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;t find any basil. We had to drive to three different supermarkets that night before we were able to find fresh basil for the pesto.

PARMESAN CHICKEN &amp; BRUSSEL SPROUTS SEPTEMBER 7 Ingredients: - 1/2 cup panko breadcrumbs - 1 cup grated parmesan - olive oil - 1 lb brussel sprouts, halved - 1 1/2 lb chicken thighs - 2 TB butter - 3 cloves garlic, minced - 1 onion, chopped - 1 cup chicken stock - 1 TB balsamic vinegar - 1/4 cup parsley, chopped - kosher salt - black pepper

While trying to figure out what to cook for dinner with ingredients we already bought, my friend and I had everything we needed for this recipe except chicken stock, which we decided to substitute with a beer we found in the fridge. The chicken was surprisingly good. With a lot of persuasion, I was also able to convince both my roommate and her younger brother to try a brussel sprout for the first time. They did not like it.

CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIES SEPTEMBER 8 Ingredients: - 200 g all purpose flour - 4 g kosher salt - 4g baking soda - 1 1/2 unsalted butter - 200 g dark brown sugar - 1 large egg - 2 large egg yolks - 2 tsp vanilla extract - 170 g bittersweet chocolate (60%â&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x201C;70% cacao)

Baking cookies in a tiny apartment kitchen with five girls wasnâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;t easy. The limited counter space made for a tight work area as we all helped to prepare the cookie dough. It was a bit chaotic. When we realized that the brown sugar was completely solidified, we were hopeful it could still be salvaged. After trying every trick we could find online, we were eventually able to soften the sugar up enough for it to dissolve into the batter.

CREAMY PUMPKIN &amp; PASTA SEPTEMBER 21 Ingredients: - 1 pumpkin, roasted and pureed - 3 cloves garlic - olive oil - 1 sprig thyme - 1 1/2 lb chicken thighs - 2 TB butter - 3 cloves garlic, minced - 1 onion, chopped - 1 cup chicken stock - 1 TB balsamic vinegar - 1/4 cup parsley, chopped - kosher salt - black pepper

Earlier that week, I decided to buy a pumpkin from the grocery store. While abroad in Germany, I often cooked with pumpkin and was excited to share some of the dishes I had learned to make during my travels with my friends. Unlike the small, thin-skinned Speisekurbisse that I would normally buy in Germany, I needed a saw to cut through the thick skin of the American pumpkin I had bought.

QUICK HOMEMADE NAAN OCTOBER 1 Ingredients: - 1 3/4 cups flour - 2 tsp sugar - 3/4 tsp baking powder - 2 tsp oil - 1/2 cup milk - butter - fresh herbs

As a way to get to know each other better, my studio decided to throw an Indian-themed potluck. With help from our Indian studio-mate, we each selected and prepared an entrée, side-dish, or dessert to share with one another. While I prepared the naan, the others cooked samosas and a spicy chicken curry for the main entrée. We even had a sweet rice pudding for dessert. After we finished eating and cleaning up we proceeded to play a couple rounds of “Spoons” before heading home.

FARMERS MARKET RABBIT STEW OCTOBER 5 Ingredients: - 2 heads of garlic - 1 TB extra virgin olive oil - 1 1/2 pounds mixed mushrooms - 1/2 pound mushrooms - 4 TB butter - 1 rabbit - 3 large shallots, chopped - 1 cup white wine - 1-2 cups mushroom soaking water - 3 cups chicken stock - 1 tablespoon fresh thyme - 1 large parsnip, peeled and chopped - salt - 2 TB fresh parsley, chopped

While visiting me in Blacksburg, my mom and I decided to go investigate the local farmers market with a couple of my friends. After seeing a vendor selling rabbit, we decided to try and cook an entire meal using only locally sourced ingredients. Other than some parsnips that we had to buy from the supermarket, all of the produce we bought came from the farmers market.

MOM’S SPÄTZLE &amp; GOULASCH OCTOBER 12 Ingredients: - 1 pound beef or pork, cubed - 1 large onion, chopped - 1 carrot - 1/2 pound mushrooms - “a lot of paprika” - “a little red wine” - 3 cloves garlic, minced - kosher salt - black pepper - 2 cups flour - 1 tsp salt - 2 eggs - 3/4 cup milk

Me: “Can I have your recipe?” Mom: “Ummm sort of... I don’t measure” We continued to text back and forth for the rest of the evening as I asked her to elaborate on her instructions, sending her pictures of my progress. Despite using her recipe, my goulasch came out quite different than hers. Since then, she has started to precisely record her recipes in order to pass them on to me.

BOURBON-ORANGE APPLE COBBLER NOVEMBER 10 Ingredients: - 2 pounds apples, peeled and sliced - 1/4 cup white sugar - 1 TB orange juice - 1/2 tsp cinnamon - orange zest - 1/2 cup bourbon - 1 1/2 cups all purpose flour - 2 tsp baking powder - 3/4 tsp kosher salt - 6 TB cold, unsalted butter - 1 cup milk - nuts, chopped - vanilla ice-cream

Riffing off a recipe my professor gave me for apple pie, I combined his bourbon-orange apple filling with an apple cobbler recipe I found online. The cobbler was for my friendâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;s birthday, so I also bought a box of cheap candles from the supermarket. I had nearly used the entire box of candles when I realized the hot filling was melting them into the cobbler. It wasnâ&amp;#x20AC;&amp;#x2122;t noticeable.

WINTER BREAK RECIPES DEC 24 - JAN 2 Ingredients: - December 24: seafood boil - December 25 : seafood sauce with homemade pasta - December 28: lentil curry - December 31: nabeyaki udon - January 1: pizzelle canoli - January 2: chicken katsudon

Christmas time is a very special time of year for me, filled with many food traditions. There’s almost too many recipes in this one week alone to recount. Every year, we have a seafood boil to celebrate the holidays. We always use the leftover mussels and clams the next day in our pasta sauce and save the fish broth to make nabeyaki udon, a Japanese soup, for New Years Eve. For the New Year, my mom and I make pizzelles using her grandmother’s pizzelle iron. This year, my brother and I both cooked proper meals for the family without any help from our mom. It was very rewarding to be able to give back to her after all the years she’s made meals for us.

VENISON-MAPO TOFU JANUARY 24 Ingredients: - 1 lb ground venison - 2 tsp shaoxing wine - 1 tsp light soy sauce - 2 tsp sichuan peppercorns - 1 TB vegetable oil - 3 TB doubanjiang - 2 TB green onion - 1 block firm tofu - 1 cup water - 2 tsp homemade chili oil - 1/4 tsp five-spice - 1 teaspoon sugar - steamed rice

Learning of my new passion for cooking, my Dad gifted me grass-fed beef and venison for the holidays. I was extremely excited to listen to his stories about bow-hunting and the ethics of obtaining meat yourself. Wanting to share these ideas with my friend, we decided to cook this Sichuan dish, replacing the beef with venison. The gamey flavor of the meat worked surprisingly well with the spicy, numbing málà flavors.

HOME-GROWN CHERRY CRISP FEBRUARY 24 2020 Ingredients: - 1 lb frozen cherries - 1/4 cup sugar - 3 TB lemon juice - 1 1/2 TB cornstarch -1/4 tsp cinnamon - 1/2 tsp vanilla extract - pinch of kosher salt - 2 TB melted butter - 1 TB sugar - 1 cup heavy cream - 1 tsp vanilla extract - 1 TB sugar

Every summer, my family harvests the cherries from the cherry tree in our front yard. The tree has gotten so big over the past couple of years that it takes us 3 or 4 days to pick, pit, and freeze all of the cherries. Over the winter break, my parents gave me some of our homegrown cherries to bring back with me to school because we just had too many. Craving something sweet, my roommate and I decided to bake a crisp, making homemade whipped cream to match. Simple, quick, and easy, not to mention delicious.

QUARANTINE POTSTICKERS MARCH 21 Ingredients: - 1 pound ground pork - 1 1/4 cups green onions - 3 cloves garlic, minced - 1 TB ginger, grated - 1 TB soy sauce - 1 TB rice wine vinegar - 2 tsp chili garlic sauce - 2 tsp sesame oil - 1 package round wonton wrappers - 2 table vegetable oil

I bought some frozen potstickers from the supermarket, just to keep in the freezer for a quick, tasty meal. Looking at the ingredients, my friend suggested that we could probably make our own potstickers to store for later. That evening, we gathered all the ingredients we needed, hand-folding over three-dozen dumplings. Comparing them to the storebought version, we definitely thought ours were tastier.

BUTTERNUT SQUASH &amp; VENISON RAVIOLI APRIL 25 Ingredients: - 1 pound ground venison - 2 1/2 lb butternut squash - 8 whole garlic cloves - 1/4 cup olive oil - 1/2 cup parmesan cheese - 1/2 teaspoon dried rosemary - 3 cups all purpose flour - 4 eggs - 4 TB olive oil - 4 TB water - 1 TB salt

Butternut squash has quickly become one of my favorite new vegetables to eat. After having made a hasselback roasted butternut squash that I adored, I wanted to try something new. Along with my friend, we made pasta by hand for the first time, filling it with venison and a delicious butternut squash puree. Although they were not the prettiest ravioli, the flavor combinations were spot on.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bestard, Cati and Anna Puigjaner. “The ‘Kitchenless’ House: A Concept for the 21st Century” 17 Aug 2016.

ArchDaily, www.archdaily.com/793370/the-kitchenless-house-a-concept-for-the-21st-century. Accessed 2020. Eliasson, Olafur, et al. Studio Olafur Eliasson: the

Kitchen. Phaidon Press Limited, 2016. Herzog, Lawrence A. Global Suburbs: Urban Sprawl

from the Rio Grande to Rio De Janeiro. Routledge, 2015. Hagen, Petra, and Rolf Toyka. The Architect, the

Cook, and Good Taste. Birkhäuser, 2007. Martin-McAuliffe, Samantha L. Food and Architec-

ture: At the Table. Bloomsbury Academic, 2016. Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: a Natural

History of Four Meals. Penguin Books, 2016. Ruhlman, Michael. Grocery: the Buying and Selling of

Food in America. Abrams Press, 2017.

FOOD &amp; ARCH CHRISTINA DREXEL [email protected] (+1) 484-886-7882

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Nokia bolsters Industry 4.0 portfolio with ‘micro-edge’ AI compute, video AI positioning

Hannover Messe, Germany: Nokia has introduced a new ‘micro-edge’ compute solution to process industrial AI/ML workloads on or adjacent to IoT sensor devices attached to private LTE/5G networks, and also to enterprise Wi-Fi networks. At the same time, it has introduced a new video AI solution for asset tracking and positioning in Industry 4.0 sites, plus a couple of blueprint-guides to help manufacturing and logistics companies get their industrial edge-5G projects going.

The new far-edge compute solution, called MX Grid, is part of the Finnish firm’s broader Industry 4.0 platform, dubbed Nokia ONE (or ‘one’), designed to go, ostensibly, with its MXIE industrial edge and DAC private wireless DAC propositions Where the MXIE platform provides an on-site edge compute engine to run Industry 4.0 workloads next to its DAC core network, the new solution enables compute functions to operate either on industrial devices themselves, or else on a “pool of orchestrated compute capable field devices” (‘micro-edges’) sitting between the machines / sensors and the MXIE edge-server.

In the latter scenario, it enables low-latency AI/ML apps to run closer to legacy OT machines. It works with another of Nokia’s developing family of MX/ONE tools for Industry 4.0, a performance booster called MX Boost , patented by Nokia Bell Labs, which plugs into the MXIE platform and offers enterprises a control window to aggregate their cellular LTE/5G and Wi-Fi 6/6E resources to boost throughput and reliability (‘determinism’) by combining radio links or switching between technologies for the strongest network performance.

Nokia explained in a statement: “Today most AI/ML assets run in cloud environments. With MXIE, Nokia introduced OT compliant AI/ML processing capabilities on-premises, whereas MX Grid brings this capability even closer to the OT data source. MX Grid leverages a pool of orchestrated compute capable field devices with a specialized, AI-capable software stack. These micro-edges are connected by private wireless networks and/or reliable Wi-Fi using MX Boost.”

The company called it “the world’s first on-premise hyperconnected [and] decentralized AI/ML processing platform”. It said the solution enables a “more effective implementation of a wide range of mission- and life-critical industrial applications, including predictive maintenance, security and surveillance, worker safety, tracking and positioning, and quality assurance”. Nokia provided a couple of illustrative examples, for quality assurance and worker safety.

In both cases, the point is to accelerate AI decisions by bringing the compute closer to the action; the application on the micro-edge analyzes data and triggers an “immediate action” closer to the source, or else lets the MXIE peer application take charge to run deeper analysis of the data for a “corrective action” shortly after. “This results in improved latency and optimized network load… or improved worker safety and contextual awareness”, said Nokia, according to the use case.

Nokia has also introduced a visual position and object detection (VPOD) app on its MXIE platform, which works for connected workers (as above) with the MX Grid architecture. It uses edge AI on private LTE/5G to analyze camera feeds for asset tracking; positional data can be collected via Nokia’s own Bluetooth-based high-accuracy indoor positioning (HAIP), or from and third-party tracking and positioning solutions running on MXIE, such as HERE HD GNSS or Nordic ID. 

The VPOD solution draws on patented Bell Labs tech, too. It processes data within the customer’s closed private edge-network, to ensure compliance with privacy and security regulations. Facial recognition software is not used within the Nokia VPOD solution. Its output will also be utilized in Nokia’s new generative AI industrial assistant, MX Workmate , to bring further insight, said Nokia.

The company stated: “In complex industrial environments it is often difficult to equip machinery and tools with active tags and challenging for people to wear and maintain those units (because of battery changes, faulty units, and so on). VPOD provides another source of industrial contextual awareness data, which is made available through APIs, for example for use by third-party applications running on the MXIE on-premise edge compute platform.”

In a press note, Nokia quoted analysis from Omdia that data pre-processing is increasing at the industrial edge, on or near OT devices. Omdia predicts growth of 11.3 percent for data processing in converged industrial edge setups in the period to 2027. Omdia suggested “connected edge nodes… are the true enablers of industrial digitalization”, and also that the MX Grid solution is a “transformative decentralized AI/ML processing platform”.

Nokia stated: “Newly connected nodes with converged functionalities… [are] driving industrial digitalization and IT/OT convergence”. Stephan Litjens, vice president of enterprise campus edge solutions at Nokia, said: “Lower latency and improved responsiveness… is imperative [for Industry 4.0].” He said of the VPOD solution: “Nokia VPOD… is the first solution to make [real-time positioning] possible at scale through patented algorithms and full lifecycle management.”

Meanwhile, Nokia has also announced new “pre-tested and pre-integrated segment solutions”, like blueprints, for manufacturing and logistics, covering strategy, applications, and investments. It has already produced the same for ports, mining companies, utilities, and airports. It said: “The concept leverages Nokia’s extensive expertise developed through more than 30 years of delivering critical communications solutions and systems integration for enterprise digital transformations.”

It took the opportunity to re-state/update that it has deployed private networks for 730-odd customers, and provided a quote from US industrial heavyweight Rockwell Automation to back up the thinking. Matt Hoover, global product manager for wireless and industrial IoT at Rockwell, said: “Embarking on the digitalization journey can be a daunting prospect. You need to understand your application requirements and get started with initial projects so you can quantify the benefits.”

He went on: “Gaining management approval is the next step and working with a proven vendor like Nokia is critical. Creating a roadmap that clearly shows how vital operations are maintained during the transformation, as well as how to achieve benefit or ROI is key. Using a pre-tested and pre-integrated solution from Nokia can reduce the risk of implementation and guide companies every step of the way.”

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In Bombshell Tassels and Platform Heels, Salma Hayek Rivals the Architecture of Venice Itself

By Daniel Rodgers

Venice will this week welcome thousands more visitors from across the world with the opening of its 60th Biennale, exhibiting the work of more than 330 participating artists from some 90 countries. But much like London’s Frieze, Miami’s Art Basel or Milan’s Salone del Mobile, the trade show has increasingly positioned itself as a fashion-adjacent event. ( Burberry is the headline sponsor of the British Pavilion, Tod’s will support the Italian pavilion and Louis Vuitton is hosting its own exhibition at the espace Louis Vuitton.)

And so great swathes of celebrities, influencers and global brand ambassadors will soon rub shoulders with the art world, among them Salma Hayek —the wife of Kering CEO François-Henri Pinault—who last night attended a pre-opening dinner at the Fondazione Cini dressed in vertiginous platforms and an hourglass gown cut from tendrilous sequins. Those famous proportions perhaps rivaling some of the city’s most stomach-soaring architecture, Hayek—like Hunter Schafer’s ode to van Gogh last week—has managed to align her own image with the might of fine art itself.

I do wonder what the more prescriptivist art types—ie. those who tend to cloak themselves in a more austere, Yohji Yamamoto sort of look—make of all these famous people in their shimmering sequins posing on step and repeats. There’s a lot the art world can learn from fashion (and vice versa), and when the two converge it creates a real see-and-be-seen spectacle. That’s something Hayek—the twinkling nexus in her strapless bodycon—knows all too well.

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