case study topics in python

Data Science Projects with Python: A case study approach to gaining valuable insights from real data with machine learning

Gain hands-on experience of Python programming with industry-standard machine learning techniques using pandas, scikit-learn, and XGBoost

Key Features

• Think critically about data and use it to form and test a hypothesis
• Choose an appropriate machine learning model and train it on your data
• Communicate data-driven insights with confidence and clarity

Book Description

What you will learn.

• Load, explore, and process data using the pandas Python package
• Use Matplotlib to create compelling data visualizations
• Implement predictive machine learning models with scikit-learn
• Use lasso and ridge regression to reduce model overfitting
• Evaluate random forest and logistic regression model performance
• Deliver business insights by presenting clear, convincing conclusions

Who this book is for

Data Science Projects with Python – Second Edition is for anyone who wants to get started with data science and machine learning. If you’re keen to advance your career by using data analysis and predictive modeling to generate business insights, then this book is the perfect place to begin. To quickly grasp the concepts covered, it is recommended that you have basic experience of programming with Python or another similar language, and a general interest in statistics.

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Using Python for Research

Take your introductory knowledge of Python programming to the next level and learn how to use Python 3 for your research.

Associated Schools

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

What you'll learn.

Python 3 programming basics (a review)

Python tools (e.g., NumPy and SciPy modules) for research applications

How to apply Python research tools in practical settings

Course description

This course bridges the gap between introductory and advanced courses in Python. While there are many excellent introductory Python courses available, most typically do not go deep enough for you to apply your Python skills to research projects. In this course, after first reviewing the basics of Python 3, we learn about tools commonly used in research settings.

Using a combination of a guided introduction and more independent in-depth exploration, you will get to practice your new Python skills with various case studies chosen for their scientific breadth and their coverage of different Python features. This run of the course includes revised assessments and a new module on machine learning.

Course Outline

Python Basics

Review of basic Python 3 language concepts and syntax.

Python Research Tools

Introduction to Python modules commonly used in scientific computation, such as NumPy.

Case Studies

This collection of six case studies from different disciplines provides opportunities to practice Python research skills.

Statistical Learning

Exploration of statistical learning using the scikit-learn library followed by a two-part case study that allows you to further practice your coding skills.

Instructors

Jukka-Pekka Onnela

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Humanities Data Analysis: Case Studies with Python

Humanities data analysis: case studies with python #.

Humanities Data Analysis: Case Studies with Python is a practical guide to data-intensive humanities research using the Python programming language. The book, written by Folgert Karsdorp , Mike Kestemont and Allen Riddell , was originally published with Princeton University Press in 2021 (for a printed version of the book, see the publisher’s website ), and is now available as an Open Access interactive Juptyer Book.

The book begins with an overview of the place of data science in the humanities, and proceeds to cover data carpentry: the essential techniques for gathering, cleaning, representing, and transforming textual and tabular data. Then, drawing from real-world, publicly available data sets that cover a variety of scholarly domains, the book delves into detailed case studies. Focusing on textual data analysis, the authors explore such diverse topics as network analysis, genre theory, onomastics, literacy, author attribution, mapping, stylometry, topic modeling, and time series analysis. Exercises and resources for further reading are provided at the end of each chapter.

What is the book about?

Learn to how effectively gather, read, store and parse different data formats, such as CSV , XML , HTML , PDF , and JSON data.

Construct Vector Space Models for texts and represent data in a tabular format. Learn how use these and other representations (such as topics ) to assess similarities and distances between texts.

Emphasizes visual storytelling via data visualizations of character networks , patterns of cultural change , statistical distributions , and (shifts in) geographical distributions .

Work on real-world case studies using publicly available data sets. Dive into the world of historical cookbooks , French drama , Danish folktale collections , the Tate art gallery , mysterious medieval manuscripts , and many more.

Accompanying Data #

The book features a large number of quality datasets. These datasets are published online and are associated with the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.891264 . They can be downloaded from the address https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.891264 .

Citing HDA #

If you use Humanities Data Analysis in an academic publication, please cite the original publication:

• Contributors

Data Science with Python

Table of contents, python vs other programming languages, python libraries for data science, data manipulation and analysis with python, machine learning with python, advanced applications and future trends.

Python has become the go-to programming language for data science professionals across the globe. Its simplicity and readability, combined with the powerful libraries available, make it an excellent choice for data analysis, machine learning, and more. Python's versatility allows it to be used in a wide range of applications, from simple data manipulation tasks to complex deep learning projects.

While languages like R, MATLAB, and Julia are also popular in the data science community, Python stands out due to its ease of learning and widespread adoption in the software development industry. This has led to a rich ecosystem of libraries and tools specifically tailored for data science tasks. Additionally, Python's integration capabilities with other languages and tools make it a versatile choice for complex projects.

Python's strength lies in its vast array of libraries that cater to different aspects of data science. Key libraries include:

• NumPy : Essential for numerical data manipulation and operations.
• pandas : Provides powerful data structures and functions for efficient data manipulation and analysis.
• Matplotlib and Seaborn : Widely used for creating static, interactive, and aesthetically pleasing visualizations.
• Scikit-learn : A comprehensive library for machine learning, offering a wide range of algorithms for classification, regression, clustering, and more.

These libraries are the backbone of most data science projects. For example, pandas is typically used for data cleaning and preparation, NumPy for operations on numerical data, Matplotlib and Seaborn for data visualization, and Scikit-learn for implementing machine learning models.

Data cleaning and preparation are crucial steps in any data science project. pandas offers functions for handling missing data, merging datasets, and transforming data types , which are essential for creating a clean dataset ready for analysis.

Statistical analysis and data exploration techniques

Python, particularly with pandas and libraries like SciPy, supports a wide range of statistical analysis and data exploration techniques. These include summarization, correlation analysis, hypothesis testing, and more, which are essential for understanding the underlying patterns in the data.

Machine learning is a core aspect of data science, and Python's libraries, especially Scikit-learn, provide support for a wide range of machine learning algorithms. These libraries offer tools for preprocessing data, selecting models, cross-validation, and tuning parameters, making it easier to develop robust machine learning models.

Case studies of real-world machine learning projects implemented in Python

There are numerous examples of successful machine learning projects implemented in Python, ranging from predictive analytics in healthcare to recommendation systems in e-commerce. These case studies highlight the flexibility and power of Python in addressing real-world problems.

Python is at the forefront of advanced data science applications, with libraries like TensorFlow and PyTorch for deep learning, NLTK and spaCy for natural language processing, and PySpark for big data analytics. These tools are enabling new possibilities in fields such as computer vision, speech recognition, and large-scale data analysis.

Future Trends in Data Science and the Evolving Role of Python

The field of data science is constantly evolving, with emerging trends such as automated machine learning (AutoML), explainable AI (XAI), and edge computing. Python's adaptability and the active community behind it ensure that it will continue to play a crucial role in the future of data science, embracing new technologies and methodologies.

Dive deep into the topic

• NumPy Library in Python
• What is Pandas Library in Python

Contribute with us!

Do not hesitate to contribute to Python tutorials on GitHub: create a fork, update content and issue a pull request.

Python Case Studies

Machine Learning business case studies solved using python. These are examples of how you can solve similar use cases for your own project and deploy the models into production.

I have discussed below points in each of the case studies.

• How to explore the given data?
• How to perform data pre-processing (missing values, outliers, transformations, etc.)
• How to create new columns based on existing columns (Feature Engineering)?
• How to select the best columns for machine learning (Feature Selection)?
• How to find the best ML algorithm for the given data?
• How to tune the predictive models.
• How to deploy predictive models into production?
• What happens after the model deployment?

Time Series Use Cases

• Time Series Forecasting Forecasting monthly sales quantity for Superstore dataset

NLP Use Cases

• TF-IDF Text classification Support Ticket Classification using TF-IDF Vectorization
• Sentiment Analysis using BERT Finding the sentiment of Indigo flight passengers based on their tweets
• Transfer Learning using GloVe Microsoft Ticket classification using GloVe
• Text classification using Word2Vec How to create classification models on text data using word2vec encodings

Regression Use Cases

• Zomato restaurant rating How to predict the future rating of a restaurant based on an ML model. A Case study in python.
• Predicting diamond prices Creating an ML model to predict the apt price of a given diamond.
• Evaluating old car price Predicting the right price for an old car using python machine learning.
• Bike rental demand prediction Create an ML model to forecast the demand of rental bikes every hour of the day.
• Computer price prediction Estimating the price of a computer, based on its specs.
• Concrete strength prediction How strong will this concrete be? Predicting the strength of concrete based on its mixture details.
• Boston housing price prediction House price prediction case study on the famous Boston data.

Classification Use Cases

• Loan Classification A predictive model to approve/reject a new loan application.
• German Credit Risk Classification of a loan as a potential risk or safe for the bank.
• Salary Band Classification Identify if you deserve a salary more than $50,000 or not .
• Titanic survival A case study to see what type of passengers survived the titanic crash.
• Advertisement Click Prediction A case study to predict if a user will click on advertisements or not

Deep Learning Use Cases

• ANN-Regression Creating an Artificial Neural Network model for Regression
• ANN-Classification Creating an Artificial Neural Network Model for Classification
• LSTM Predicting Infosys stock price using Long Short Term Memory network
• CNN Creating a face recognition model using the Convolution Neural Network

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13: Case study - data structure selection

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• Allen B. Downey
• Olin College via Green Tea Press

At this point you have learned about Python’s core data structures, and you have seen some of the algorithms that use them. If you would like to know more about algorithms, this might be a good time to read Chapter B. But you don’t have to read it before you go on; you can read it whenever you are interested.

This chapter presents a case study with exercises that let you think about choosing data structures and practice using them.

• 13.1: Word frequency analysis
• 13.2: Random numbers
• 13.3: Word histogram
• 13.4: Most common words
• 13.5: Optional parameters
• 13.6: Dictionary subtraction
• 13.7: Random words
• 13.8: Markov analysis
• 13.9: Data structures
• 13.10: Debugging
• 13.11: Glossary
• 13.12: Exercises

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• Updated Apr 23, 2022

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42 Exciting Python Project Ideas & Topics for Beginners in 2024 [Latest]

In this article, you will learn the 42 Exciting Python Project Ideas & Topics in 2024 . Take a glimpse below.

• Mad Libs Generator
• Number Guessing
• Text-based Adventure Game
• Dice Rolling Simulator
• Contact Book
• Binary search algorithm
• Desktop Notifier App
• Python Story Generator
•  Python Website Blocker
• Spin a Yarn
• What’s the word?… and more…

Read the full article to know more about all the 42 project Ideas & Topics in detail.

Python Project Ideas

Python is one of the most popular programming languages currently. It looks like this trend is about to continue in 2022 and beyond. So, if you are a Python beginner, the best thing you can do is work on some real-time Python project ideas. Also, you can check out some of our data science free courses that may help you understand python better.

We, here at upGrad, believe in a practical approach as theoretical knowledge alone won’t be of help in a real-time work environment. In this article, we will be exploring some interesting Python project ideas which beginners can work on to put their Python knowledge to the test. In this article, you will find 42 top python project ideas for beginners to get hands-on experience with Python. 

Moreover, project-based learning helps improve student knowledge. That’s why all of the upGrad courses cover case studies and assignments based on real-life problems. This technique is ideal for, but not limited to, beginners in programming skills. Also, check out our Python Programming Bootcamp which is for beginners in coding who want to explore a career in Data Science. 

After completing this course, you can choose from job roles like python intern , Jr python developer, and much more.

But first, let’s address the more pertinent question that must be lurking in your mind: why build Python projects?

When it comes to careers in software development, it is a must for aspiring developers to work on their own projects. Developing real-world projects is the best way to hone your skills and materialize your theoretical knowledge into practical experience. Learn Python Programming with SQL and explore a career in Data Science. If you work on live projects, it will help:

To boost your confidence

As you work with real tools and technologies, you will become more confident about your strengths while also identifying your weak points. 

To experiment

You will need to acquaint yourself with new tools and technologies while working on a python project. The more you learn about cutting-edge development tools, environments, and libraries, the broader will be your scope for experimentation with your projects. The more you experiment with different python project ideas, the more knowledge you gain.

To know the nitty-gritty of SDLC

When you develop a project from scratch, you will gain a deeper understanding of how the software development life cycle functions. With time you will learn how to plan before writing the code, execute the code, manage the testing process, fix bugs, deploy the code, and also update your software product from time to time.

To master the concepts of programming

One of the biggest advantages of building real-world projects is that with continuous practice, you will master the concepts and patterns of programming in different languages. 

Python -The most sought-after industry application

As per Python project reports, enterprises have significantly focused on analytics and data science hiring in the past few years. Candidates excelling in Python programming skills attained more preference than ever before. As one of the leading industry technologies, beginner Python projects offered excellent opportunities and benefits to young minds. 

Earning Potential

As per recent statistics, Python turned out to be the highest-paying computer language, with students doing python small projects. Due to this reason, the average remuneration of a candidate excelling in Python is comparatively skyrocketing, simply by having python mini project topics. Many information technology experts showed interest in gaining and honing their skills in Python to attain a career boost with doing projects in python or doing best python projects

Robust Community Support

Python is an advanced programming language that was introduced several years back. It already built a community that can significantly aid programmers with several varied levels of experience. Python small project is an ideal platform for both specialists and rookies in the field. The community of Python helped it expand and develop much more rapidly compared to the other languages.

The programming language of Python comes with various instructions and guides. They also include interesting explanatory videos, which makes them easy to understand for beginners. The documentation is quite easy to understand and assists developers in learning languages efficiently and rapidly, especially those doing their final year project on various final year project topics.

Rapid and Major Development

Another strong advantage of Python is that users are able to generate innovative applications with the help of a particular programming language. Due to its versatile nature, the language allows an operator to try out and experiment with new aspects. One can prefer Python Projects if they are looking for liberty and flexibility when it comes to executing their skills. 

Easy learning ad using the interface

If you are a newbie in the world of Python, the good news is it offers a simple interface for learners. One can pick up skills quite rapidly and also experiment with the significantly progressive language program. The language is quite easy to adapt due to its systematic and rational process of operation. The fundamentals of Python can easily be executed compared to that of different programming languages, especially for simple python projects or python mini projects for college students

Offers High Flexibility to Learners

Basic python project is not just easy to explore and learn, but it also provides great flexibility. A large percentage of the third-party libraries of Python are still operated and allow the use of the application in machine learning. It also supports areas like biology and web processing.

The data-centric libraries such as matplotlib, Numpy, and Pandas make it quite capable when it comes to visualizing, processing, or manipulating data in Python Projects. Due to its highly accommodating nature, it is often known as the leading entity among computer languages.

So, here are a few Python Projects for beginners can work on:

Python Project Ideas: Beginners Level

This list of python project ideas for students is suited for beginners, and those just starting out with Python or Data Science in general. These python project ideas will get you going with all the practicalities you need to succeed in your career as a Python developer.

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Further, if you’re looking for Python project ideas for a final year , this list should get you going. So, without further ado, let’s jump straight into some Python project ideas that will strengthen your base and allow you to climb up the ladder.  

Here are some python topics list that will help beginners build a strong foundation in Python .

Alternatively, you can also enroll yourself in  Free Python Certification Course.

1. Mad Libs Generator

One of the best ideas to start experimenting with your hands-on python projects for students is working on Mad Libs Generator. This is the perfect project for beginners who are just starting out with software development. Primarily focused on strings, variables, and concatenation, this project will teach you how to manipulate user-inputted data. The program design is such that it will ask users to enter a series of inputs that will be considered a Mad Lib. Mab lib is one of the python projects for beginners .

The input could be anything, an adjective, a noun, a pronoun, etc. Once all the inputs are entered, the application will take the data and arrange the inputs into a story template form. Sound fun, right?

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2. Number Guessing

This is one of the simple python projects yet an exciting one. You can even call it a mini-game. This project is particularly useful for beginners. Make a program in which the computer randomly chooses a number between 1 to 10, 1 to 100, or any range. Then give users a hint to guess the number. Every time the user guesses wrong, he gets another clue, and his score gets reduced. The clue can be multiples, divisible, greater or smaller, or a combination of all.

You will also need functions to compare the inputted number with the guessed number, to compute the difference between the two, and check whether an actual number was inputted or not in this python project. The main aim of this coding project idea from the Python projects list is to introduce beginners to coding basics . 

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3. text-based adventure game.

This is a basic version of the Adventure game. It is completely text-based. In this version of the game, users can move about through different rooms within a single setting, and based on the user input, it will provide descriptions for each room. This is one of the more interesting python projects for beginners.

Movement direction is crucial here – you must create walls and set the directions in which the users can move through the rooms, set movement restrictions, and also include a tracker that can track how far a user has walked or moved in the game. Mentioning Python projects can help your resume look much more interesting than others.

Check out all trending Python tutorial concepts in 2024

4. Dice Rolling Simulator

As the name of the program suggests, we will be imitating rolling dice. This is one of the interesting python projects and will generate a random number for each dices the program runs, and the users can use the dice repeatedly for as long as he wants. When the user rolls the dice, the program will generate a random number between 1 and 6 (as on a standard dice).

The number will then be displayed to the user. It will also ask users if they would like to roll the dice again. The program should also include a function that can randomly grab a number between 1 to 6 and print it. This beginner-level python project  allows you to explore programming fundamentals and different coding concepts.

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This is more of a “guess the word” game. The core concepts you have to use while developing this project are variables, random, integer, strings, char, input and output, and boolean. In the game, users have to enter letter guesses, and each user will have a limited number of guesses (a counter variable is needed for limiting the guesses). The Hangman is among the most highly recommended projects to master python for beginners. 

You can create a pre-organized list of words that users can grab words from. Also, you must include specific functions to check whether or not a user has entered a single letter or if the input letter is in the hidden word, so if the user has actually inputted a single letter, and to print the correct outcomes (letters).

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6. Contact Book

This is one of the excellent python projects for beginners. Everyone uses a contact book to save contact details, including name, address, phone number, and even email address. The main objective of this project is to generate a contact book using python where users can add a new contact, edit, or delete existing contacts and view the details of all their contacts. This is one of the coolest project ideas in python for beginners to help strengthen their command of the programming language .

This is a command-line project where you will design a contact book application that users can use to save and find contact details. The application should also allow users to update contact information, delete contacts, and list saved contacts. The SQLite database is the ideal platform for saving contacts. Handling a project with  Python for beginners  can be helpful to build your career with a good start.

7. Email Slicer

This is one of the convenient python projects that has a lot of use in the future. To create an Email slicer with python, users have to generate a program to retrieve the username and domain of the email.  You can even customize the application and send a message to the host with this information . Although it is a simple coding project idea, it is instrumental in enhancing your coding skills.

8. Binary search algorithm

Have you ever heard the proverb, “finding a needle in a haystack.” This program is designed to do just that- by using a binary search algorithm. You can create a list of random numbers between 0 to 100, with every succeeding number having a difference of 2 between them.

When the user inputs a random number, the program will check if that number is included in the list. It will do so by creating two halves of the list. If the program finds the number in the first half of the list, it will eliminate the other half and vice versa. The search will continue until the program finds the number input of the user or until the subarray size becomes 0 (this means that the number is not in the list). This python project idea will help you create and implement an algorithm that searches for an element in a list. 

9. Desktop Notifier App

Have you ever wondered how notifications work? This small python project idea will throw some light on this. The desktop notifier apps run on your system and send you a piece of information after a fixed interval of time. We suggest you use libraries such as notify2, requests, etc. to build such a program.

10. Python Story Generator

Did you think the most complex way of using a random module in python is random sampling? This idea cannot be further from the truth. It is also possible to create random stories and even beyond using the random module. 

Here, the aim is to create a random story each time the user runs the program. The story will be the same always but with little variation in the input. This is a fun but exciting python project which will work wonders with beginners to gain confidence in python .

In a nutshell, the program will ask users for inputs such as the name of a place, action, etc., and then build a story around the data.  

11. YouTube video downloader

One of the best ideas to start experimenting with your hands-on python projects for students is working on a YouTube video downloader. This is the best example of introducing python to beginners in a fun way. More than a billion people watch YouTube every month. Sometimes there are videos we like to download permanently. YouTube doesn’t give you that option, but you can create an app with a simple UI and the ability to download YouTube videos in different formats and video quality. This project looks tough, but it is straightforward when you start working on it.

12. Python Website Blocker

When we surf the internet, many unwanted websites keep showing up. In this real-life python project, you build a program that blocks unwanted websites from showing up when you are working. Building such programs will boost the confidence of beginners in Python as they master its fundamentals . This program is beneficial for students who want to study without any social media distractions and also for those who do not want to be bugged by unwanted websites while working .  Having this kind of python project on the resume   can help your resume look much more interesting than others.

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13. spin a yarn.

Things get more interesting here since strings are infinitely more complex to play with at the beginning.

The program first prompts the user to enter a series of inputs. These can be an adjective, a preposition, a proper noun, etc. Once all the inputs are in place, they are placed in a premade story template using concatenation. In the end, the full story is printed out to read some misintended madness!

14. What’s the word?

This name focuses on the user having to guess the randomly generated word. You can create a list from which the word would have to be guessed and also set a cap on the number of guesses allowed.

After this, you can create the rules yourself! When the user inputs the word, you can indicate whether the alphabet written appears in this particular position or not. You will need a function to check if the user is inputting alphabets or numbers and to display error messages appropriately.

15. Rock, Paper, Scissors

If you are tired of having no playmate, then a 5-minute stint of rock, paper, scissors with the computer and designed by you, yourself will improve your mood.

We again use the random function here. You make a move first and then the program makes one. To indicate the move, you can either use a single alphabet or input an entire string. A function will have to be set up to check the validity of the move.

Using another function, the winner of that round is decided. You can then either give an option of playing again or decide a pre-determined number of moves in advance. A scorekeeping function will also have to be created which will return the winner at the end.

16. Leap it!

In this python project, you input a year and check whether it is a leap year or not. For this, you’ll have to create a function that recognizes the pattern of leap years and can try fitting the inputted year into the pattern. In the end, you can print the result using a boolean expression.

This project requires a good command of Python operators and Python if-else statements . So, it is perfect for those who are academically strong in python and looking for hands-on experience in developing their Python project.

17. Find out, Fibonacci!

You input a number and the function created checks whether the number belongs to the Fibonacci sequence or not. The underlying workings are similar to the above ‘Leap it!’ program.

One common theme in all the above projects is that they will help you to get your basics right. You will be the developer and the bug fixer. Not to mention, you’ll be closely working with creating and implementing a variety of functions along with working with variables, strings, integers, operators, etc. Just like 2 + 2 is the building block of your mathematics knowledge, so are these concepts, and learning about them in a fun way through building projects will help to understand and retain them more.

These are some of the most straightforward Python project ideas for you to work on. Once you finish these, let’s move to the next level.

Read: Machine Learning Project Ideas For Beginners

Python Project Ideas: Intermediate Level

18. calculator.

Although there isn’t much use for a calculator, however, building your graphical UI calculator will make you familiar with a library like Tkinter in which you can create buttons to perform different operations and display results on a screen.

19. Countdown Clock and Timer

It is another utility app in which the user can set a timer, and the app notifies you when the time is up.

This nifty app helps in furthering knowledge of python coding. It is an intermediary-level project in which the codes will take gather the input corresponding to the length of the countdown within seconds. After receiving the input, the countdown will be initiated and will appear on the screen in “minutes: seconds” format.

20. Random Password Generator

This is one of the most popular coding project ideas in python. Online security is quintessential in this modern world where everything happens online. Passwords are the armors that protect our accounts from getting hacked or compromised. Having said that , creating a strong password and remembering it is a tedious task. You can build a program that intakes some words from the user and then generates a random password using those words. The user can remember the password with the help of the words he gave as input.

21. Random Wikipedia Article

This is a complicated yet straightforward program. The program searches Wikipedia and fetches a random article. Then it asks the user if he wants to read that article or not. If the answer is yes, the material is shown; otherwise, another random report is presented. This is an apt project for those developers at the intermediary level looking to further their careers by developing creative and complex Python programs . 

22. Reddit Bot

This is one of the excellent python project ideas for beginners. Reddit is a handy platform, and many people want to be online as much as they can. You can program a bot that monitors subreddits and reports whenever they find something useful. It will save Redditors a lot of time and provide helpful information with it.

23. Python Command-Line Application

Python is known for building outstanding command-line applications. You can create your program, which can help you send emails to other people. The program will ask for your credentials and the content of the email, then send the data using your created command line.

24. Alarm Clock

This is one of the interesting python project ideas. People all across the globe use alarm clock applications. It is quite a simple Command Line Interface (CLI) Python application for an intermediate-level developer. However, this project isn’t your run-of-the-mill alarm clock. In this application, you can input YouTube links in a text file and design the application to read the file. If you set a particular time in the alarm clock, it will pick a random YouTube link from the text file and play the YouTube video.

25. Tic-Tac-Toe

We all have fond memories of playing Tic-Tac-Toe with our friends in school, don’t we? It is one of the most fun games you can play anywhere – all you need is a pen and paper! Usually, two players can play Tic-Tac-Toe at a time. The players create a 3×3 square grid. This is one of the coolest python project ideas. 

While the first player puts “X” in any one of the squares, and the second player will put an “O” in any square. This process will continue until all the squares are filled with each player putting X and O alternatively. The player who succeeds in creating a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal with three consecutive X or O on the grid wins.

You can use the Pygame library for building this project. Pygame is loaded with all the modules you need for computer graphics and sound.

26. Steganography

Steganography is the art of hiding a secret message in another form of media, for example, hiding a coded message in an image or video. You can create a program that protects messages inside pictures for you . This coding project in Python can encode and decode images at a quick pace. It is apt for entry-level aspirants looking to enhance their coding skills. 

27. Currency Converter

This is a simple GUI application that you can develop using Python. As you can guess by the name, you will build a currency converter that can convert currencies from one unit to another, for example, converting the Indian rupee into a pound or euro.

The design of this application will be straightforward – the main focus should be the primary function, that is, converting currency units from one to another. You can use Tkinter , the standard Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped along with Python.

28. Post-it Notes

Post-it notes are an excellent way to note down trivial chores so that you don’t forget to do them. In this project, we’ll make a virtual version of the physical, adhesive post-it notes. The main goal of building this application is to allow users to carry their post-it notes wherever they go (since it is on a digital platform).

The application should have an option for account creation, different layouts for post-it notes, and a categorization feature to allow users to segment their notes. You can consider using Django for this project since it has an in-built user authentication feature.

29. Site Connectivity Checker

The job of a site connectivity checker is to visit a URL and display the status of that URL, that is, whether or not it is a live URL. Usually, site connectivity checkers visit URLs at regular intervals and return the results each time. This project will work on the same lines – it will check the live status of URLs. Site connectivity checker is one of the interesting python projects for beginners.

You must design the code for this application from scratch. As for your connections, you can either opt for TCP or ICMP . You can use click , docopt , or argparse frameworks for adding commands that will enable users to add and delete URLs from the list of URLs they want to check. 

30. Directory Tree Generator

A Directory Tree Generator lets you visualize the relationship between files and directories, thereby making it easier to understand the positioning of files and directories. For this project, you can use os library to list the files and directories within a specific directory. Again, docopt or argparse frameworks are excellent tools for the project.  

Read: Python Developer Salary in India

These are some intermediate Python project ideas on which you can work. If you still like to test your knowledge and take on some tough projects

Python Project Ideas: Advanced Level

31. speed typing test.

Let’s start advanced python project ideas for beginners. Do you remember the old typing test game which was used in Windows XP and before? You can create a similar program that tests your typing speed. First, you need to create a UI using a library like Tkinter. Then create a fun typing test that displays the user speed, accuracy, and words per minute in the end. You can also find source code for the program online.

32. Content Aggregator

The internet is filled with websites, articles, and information. When we want to find something, it is tough to go through each of them. For this use, you can create a content aggregator that automatically searches popular websites and looks for relevant content and then complies with all the content and lets the user choose which content they want. It is very much like Google but unbiased. And this is the perfect idea for your next python project!

33. Bulk File Rename/ Image Resize Application

This is an advanced project which needs you to be well-versed in Machine Learning. We will begin by teaching the program on how to pre-process data, then perform a few resize and rename images tasks. As the program starts learning, it can handle bulk functions at once.

34. Python File Explorer

This is a significant project as it will test your knowledge of the various concepts of Python. You need to build an app that anyone uses to explore the files in their system. You can also add features like searching and copy-paste. Tkinter is a commendable choice for this project as it makes the development of GUI applications fast and easy.

To create the Python File Explorer using Tkinter, you have to import the file dialog module from Tkinter. This module is designed for opening files and directories and saving them.

35. Plagiarism Checker

Content writing is one of the most prolific online businesses. The market lacks a free tool that can be used to check for plagiarism in documents. You can use a natural language processing library along with the Google search API to create a program that searches the first few pages of Google and checks for plagiarism.

36. Web Crawler

A web crawler is an automated program script that surfs the internet and stores the content of a particular webpage. A web crawler is one of the most useful python projects to find up-to-date information. You will need to use a multi-thread concept for such a program. You can use Python’s request module to make the crawler bot, or you can use Scrapy. It is Python’s open-source web crawling framework explicitly designed for web scraping and extracting data by using APIs.

37. Music Player

Everyone likes listening to music; you can also create your music player app. Other than playing music, your program can explore your file directories and search for music. This is one of the creative python projects you might face is creating an interactive interface that can be used by regular users.

The app will have a neat interface that will allow users to browse through tracks, increase/decrease volume, and display the name of the song, artist, or album. This project will mainly involve the basics of Python programming, database management, algorithm construction, and data processing

38. Price Comparison Extension

This can be an interesting and useful python project idea. Just like Trivago, you can create a program that searches a few notable websites for the price of a product and then show you the best deal. It is a convenient program, as many businesses started on this small program. You can use this extension for groceries, stationery, etc.

39. Expense Tracker

As you can guess by the name, an expense tracker is a software application that lets you keep track of your expenses, and even analyze the expenses. In this python project, you will build a simple expense tracker that can keep track of the user’s expenses.

Expense tracker is one of the trending python projects which should also be able to perform statistical analysis to give accurate insights to users on their expenses so that they can plan their expenses better. You can use PySimpleGUI to create the interface for this application, and even Python libraries like Pandas and Matplotlib can be handy tools for the project .

40. Regex Query Tool

Regular search tools often fail to produce the desired results for specific queries. In such events, what you need is a Regex Query Tool. In simple words, a regex is a set of strings, which means that when you enter a query in this tool, it will check the validity of your query.

If the regex can match patterns in the text query entered by the user, it notifies the user by highlighting all the matching patterns. A Regex Query Tool is one of the trending python projects which allows users to quickly check the validity of their regex strings on the Web, thereby making the search process much easier. Python’s re library is the perfect tool for running the query strings on the user-inputted text.

41. Instagram Photo Downloader

This would be an app that automatically downloads all the Instagram images of your friends. As Instagram is growing everyday, this is one of the useful python projects and it is quite similar to the above command line app as this app will use your credentials to open your account and then look for your friend’s ID and download their photos. This app would be handy when people want to delete pages and save just the images.

42. Quiz Application

This is one of the interesting python project ideas to create. This is a standard quiz application that presents a set of carefully curated questions to the users (a questionnaire), allows them to answer the same, and displays the correct answer if they are wrong. Each test will display the final score of the user. The application will have an account creation option, wherein some users can be appointed as Admins.

These Admins can create tests for other users. In this way, the tests and quizzes continue to be updated. This application requires a database to store all the questions, answers, and scores of the users. You can also include additional features like timers for tests.

Also read: Python Interview Questions & Answers

Bonus Python Project Ideas You Shouldn’t Miss Out [With Python Libraries]

#1 sentiment analysis.

One of the most popular mini project in python now under development in multiple disciplines is sentiment analysis. It leverages computational linguistics, text analysis, biometrics, and natural language processing to identify, extract, and research affective states systematically. From review and poll systems to eCommerce, this project idea is applicable on a range of contexts. 

Most Implemented Libraries

The NLTK in Python aims to provide a wholesome solution for natural language analyzing issues. This library aids with all aspects, from splitting paragraphs, word statements, and highlighting parts to identifying speech. This lets the machine understand what exactly the text is regarding. 

• Scikit-learn

This is one of the most uncommon machine learning libraries that helps in featuring several clustering algorithms, classifications, and regression. It often involves random forests, DBSCAN, k-means, and vector machines. This library is also created for inter-operating with the final year project of Python Projects libraries such as Pandas and Numpy.

#2 Customer Segmentation

Customer segmentation is the practice of grouping customers based on shared traits or characteristics so that businesses may effectively and correctly cater to each group. 

Numpy is one of the unique libraries that provide support for matrices, multi-facet arrays, and large arrays. It comes with a collection of mathematical functionalities for operating the arrays. 

Matplotib is a prevalent Python library that is utilized for plotting graphs and charts from derived information and data.

#3 Object Detection

We can recognize and find items in an image or video using the computer vision technique known as object detection, which is also a well-liked Python project idea. This method can be used to count objects in a scene, locate and track them precisely, and accurately identify them, among other things. 

This is a prevalent Python library that is often utilized for deep learning in Python Projects . The Tensor flow usually emphasizes the interface and training of neural networks and deep learning. One can perform multiple tasks at the same time with the help of this library. 

The Open CV is a unique yet popular library that has an open-source interface. It is generally used for computer vision and machine learning. It offers a common platform for software related to computer vision and accelerates machine perception. It usually speeds up the perceptions of commercial products. 

Keras is also a popular library with an open-source interface that is implemented in imitated neural networks. It supports various deep learning and machine learning libraries. However, with the arrival of the 2.4 version, it only supports the TensorFlow interface. 

#4 Twitter Bot

Through the Twitter API, a Twitter bot can operate and administer a Twitter account. The bot is capable of carrying out any task on its own, including tweeting, retweeting, liking, following, and unfollowing, among others. 

Most Implemented Library

Tweepy is one of the popular Python libraries that help you access the Twitter API. The library allows Python to interact with the platform of Twitter and implement the API efficiently.  

#5 Currency Converter

Currency converter is one of the dynamic schemes among Python projects that include creating applications and software with a simplified interface. These applications help in transforming a single currency into a different type of currency for determining the corresponding value. 

Libraries implemented

The request model lets the users fetch HTTP requests with the use of Python. The request of HTTP then sends back a reply object with all of the data responses, such as status, content, and encoding. 

Forex is free of charge foreign exchange percentage and conversion of currency in Python library. It comes with multiple features such as Bitcoin pricing, a list of currency percentages, Bitcoin conversion, and more.  

Tkinter is a prevalently used strategy when it comes to generating graphical user interfaces. It is one of the standard interfaces when it comes to a toolkit of TK GUI and is usually provided with Python projects . It is one of the quickest and most convenient applications of GUI.

#6 Web-Crawler

Web crawler is often known as the short form of crawler in today’s tech industry. It is basically a web bot that methodically searches the WWW to accomplish web indexing. Internet search engines and other web pages utilize web crawling or relevant ways to upgrade their content. Crawler is one of the unique schemes among Python begineer projects that can copy pages in order to conduct processing with the help of search engines. This lets users browse more content freely as the downloaded pages are indexed.

Scrapy is a framework implemented by Python projects. This framework can be implemented for extracting data by utilizing API or a generic purpose crawler.

• Beautiful Soup

This is another Python package due to parsing the XML and HTML documents. It generates a parse tree for parsing pages that can take out data from the HTML that is effective for internet scraping.  

#7 Calculator

The calculator is one of the apt Python Projects for beginners to get their hands dirty and doing python simple projects.

Python Projects come with an in-built model that you can utilize for mathematical activities. The mathematics models have a set of constants and methodologies. 

#8 Currency Converter

The currency converter is another one of the Python Project ideas that involves developing simple software or an application that converts one currency into another to check its corresponding value.

It offers a simple interface that makes functioning with HTTP quite simple. It simplifies the procedure of receiving and sending data from sites by offering an equal interface for both POST and GET strategies. 

As explained above, Forex is a powerful tool when it comes to the library of Python projects. It mostly deals with the conversion of BitCoins. 

#9 Rock Paper Scissors

The Rock Paper Scissors is a traditional game and simultaneously one of the entertaining Python Projects for beginners. It is an excellent medium to hone your practical skills in Python.

Pygame is usually a cross-interfaced set among the Python modules that are specially created for coding games. 

#10 Tic Tac Toe

This is one of the last ideas of Python Projects that have left a massive impact on the processing of computer language. One can use it by executing mathematical functionalities offered by Python. His project is enriched with Python basics and fundamentals.  

This popular library encapsulates the n-dimensional arrays when it comes to homogeneous data categories with several operations that are being performed. 

#10 Dice Rolling Simulator

This is one of the simplified but efficient Python projects that is showcased in a portfolio or resume. This can create the knowing credibility of the fundamental concept of Python. 

Random is a pre-determined model that is utilized for creating and functioning with the random values. The random values offer several tactics that can be utilized for generating and manipulating the random variables.

Which Project Platform Should You Choose?

You may wonder which project platform should you select for your python projects. It is essential to develop your software projects on a specific platform so that others (particularly those lacking technical expertise) can also use your product. There are three main platforms that developers use to build python projects – Web, desktop, and command-line.

Web applications are software projects that can run on the Web. Anyone with a working internet connection can access web applications on any device – you don’t need to download them separately. Thus, if you want to make a software product for public use, the Web is the ideal platform for such applications. 

Web applications are elaborate projects having both back-end and front-end. While the back end refers to the business logic of your application that manipulates and stores the data, the front end refers to the user interface of your application – the part that users can see and interact with. Keeping the back end as the focus of your web application, you must also learn the basics of front-end development with tools like JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. 

However, if you work with Python, it can take care of all your back-end and front-end development needs. Python has an exclusive library that eliminates the need for using JavaScript, HTML, and CSS – Anvil . Apart from this, there are many other Python-based web frameworks like Django , Flask , Web2Py , CherryPy , and Pylons , to name a few. 

Desktop GUI

Since desktop applications are widely used by people across the globe, building a desktop application is a great project idea for both freshers and intermediate-level Python developers. The best part about developing desktop GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces) is that you need not learn any front-end technology. Python is all you will need for creating desktop applications.

Python comes with several frameworks for building desktop applications. While PySimpleGUI is a user-friendly Python framework, PyQt5 is one of the advanced Python-based GUI frameworks. 

Once you develop a desktop GUI, you can even make it compatible with all three major operating systems (Linux, Windows, or macOS) by compiling it into executable code for the OS you wish to run it on. 

Command-Line

Command-Line Applications are those applications/programs where user interaction is entirely dependent on the terminal and shell. These applications function in a console window. As such, they are devoid of any form of graphics and visual interface for the users to see. Thus, to use command-line applications, you have to enter specific commands – while users can enter their input (commands) using ASCII characters, the app will also provide the output through ASCII. This is one of the most popular python projects in recent times. 

Naturally, command-line applications demand a certain level of technical know-how of commands. Although they aren’t as user-friendly as web or desktop applications, common-line applications are robust and powerful. Python has a range of useful command-line frameworks, including click , docopt, Plac , Cliff , and Python Fire .

Choose the Right Program

If you are looking forward to building a career in data science, picking the right program is imperative. Being a part of data science courses that can arm you with scholastic and practical expertise is paramount. State-of-the-art language program courses will help you attain exposure to real-world cases and studies, providing pragmatic knowledge and acumen. Python programs deliver the ultimate insight to generate insightful reports, analyze data, and reach data-driven business decisions.  

Python Project Ideas: Conclusion

In this article, we have covered 42Python project ideas. We started with some beginner projects which you can solve with ease. Once you finish with these simple python projects, I suggest you go back, learn a few more concepts and then try the intermediate projects. When you feel confident, you can then tackle advanced projects. If you wish to improve your python skills, you need to get your hands on these Python project ideas. Now go ahead and put to test all the knowledge that you’ve gathered through our python project ideas guide to building your very own python project!

I hope you will learn a lot while working on these python projects. If you are curious about learning data science to be in the front of fast-paced technological advancements, check out upGrad & IIM-K’s Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making  and upskill yourself for the future.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Below are some interesting Ml projects that use Python as the main programming language: Some of the tweets can be a bit offensive for a respective audience and the Tweets Sorting Tool can be used to avoid them. This machine learning project filters the tweets based on some keywords. Working on the neural network is one of the best domains to test your machine learning concepts. Handwritten characters classifier works on neural networks to identify handwritten English alphabets from A-Z. The Sentiment Analysis Model is used to detect and identify a person’s feelings and sentiments behind a post or picture posted on social media.

The following components highlight the most general architecture of a Python project. The problem statement is the fundamental component on which the whole project is based. It defines the problem that your model is going to solve and discusses the approach that your project will follow. The dataset is a very crucial component of your project and should be chosen carefully. Only large enough datasets from trusted sources should be used for the project. The algorithm you are using to analyze your data and predict the results. Popular algorithmic techniques include Regression Algorithms, Regression Trees, Naive Bayes Algorithm, and Vector Quantization.

Python has a wide range of rich libraries and modules that makes it one of the best and most versatile languages for development purposes. The following are some of the most popular Python libraries - TensorFlow is a boon to Machine Learning engineers. This library is developed by Google and can be considered a computational library. If you are working with complex data then you must have Scikit-Learn in your arsenal. This library provides a cross-validation feature which allows various methods to check the accuracy of your model. Numpy is again a machine learning library used by other Python libraries like TensorFlow to perform internal operations. Keras is another popular Python library that provides a convenient mechanism for neural networks.

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Python farming could offer one of the most sustainable sources of meat in the world, according to a new study

Python produces large slabs of white meat similar to chicken filet.

Scientists are learning more about what sources of meat could serve as more sustainable alternatives to beef, pork and chicken.

Python meat could offer a form of meat much less carbon intensive than the current options, according to researchers who studied farms in Southeast Asia for two species of pythons -- reticulated and Burmese -- for 12 months.

MORE: 'Small swaps' to climate-friendly diet can significantly reduce carbon footprint, improve health: Study

Farmed python meat may offer a more sustainable alternative to other farmed meat because they can reproduce rapidly, even when food is not abundantly available, according to a study published in Scientific Reports on Thursday.

Pythons have an "extreme biology and evolutionary slant toward extreme resource and energy efficiency," Patrick Aust, conservation specialist at nonprofit People for Wildlife and co-author of the paper, told ABC News. Since pythons are an "ambush predator" that chooses prey up to 100% their own weight, they can survive for prolonged periods of time between meals, Aust said.

"These animals are extremely good converters of food and particularly protein," he said. "Literally, they are specialists and making the most of very little."

The pythons were fed on a weekly basis a variety of locally sourced proteins, such as wild-caught rodents and fishmeal, and were regularly measured and weighed over a 12-month period, according to the paper. The authors found that both species of python grew rapidly -- by up to 46 grams per day -- with females seeing higher growth rates than males.

Pythons are also able to survive extreme events, Aust said. When supply chains get disrupted -- as displayed during the COVID-19 pandemic -- it can have a "catastrophic impact" on global livestock systems.

"During COVID-19, there were a large number of chickens and pigs that had to be culled because there were minor disruptions in supply chains," Aust said. "Farmers couldn't handle even that disruption."

MORE: How experts say farmers can reduce greenhouse gases from agriculture

Pythons, however, were shown during the study period to survive prolonged periods of disruptions, or extreme weather events, without suffering any ill effect," Aust said, adding that they were at the "whims of the seasons" in southern Vietnam and Cambodia.

"They can pick up at the end of those periods," he said.

Other animals that are farmed for their meat take much longer to reproduce than pythons, research has shown. In one year, a mother cow can produce an average of .8 calves, a study published in 2021 in PLOS Biology found. A pig raised for pork could produce 22 to 27 piglets in the same amount of time, according to the paper.

However, a female python can produce between 50 and 100 eggs in one year, Aust said.

MORE: COP26: This is what individuals can do to slow down climate change, according to experts

The world is in need of high-quality protein with much less of a carbon footprint -- especially as the effects of climate change continue to worsen, the researchers said.

"We really are running out resources, whilst at the same time, the demand for high quality nutrients is going up," Aust said.

Reptiles have historically been a popular dish throughout the tropics, and python is already eaten prevalently throughout Southeast Asia, Aust said.

The trend probably started organically, as farmers incorporated pythons into their household livestock, Aust said. The field dressing of a python produces "two enormous slabs of white meat very similar to a chicken filet," he said.

MORE: Eating sustainably is one of the easiest ways to combat climate change, experts say

While Aust and his family regularly eat python meat -- often fried with a "nice crispy crunch" -- he added that it will take a long time for the Western world to culturally adapt to the thought of eating snakes.

"This isn't going to be a cure-all for our protein needs, but perhaps will play an important role in the future in terms of acceptability palatability in the Western palate," Aust said.

Animal welfare organizations called for the reduction of demand for products from animals who are suffering in intensive farming systems, encouraging a plant-based diet instead. Commercial breeding of wildlife species for human consumption is a significant concern from a conservation perspective, Karla Dumas, vice president of farm animal protection for the Humane Society of the United States, told ABC News in an emailed statement.

"We caution against not prioritizing plant proteins as a leading solution," Dumas said. "Most of the current egg, meat and dairy production practices around the globe cause tremendous animal suffering through extreme confinement, and inhumane handling, transport, and slaughter. The massive scale and growth of animal agriculture has made it one of the leading drivers of climate change, on par with all transportation in the world combined. It has other significant negative environmental impacts, including ecological damage through unsustainable land use and water pollution."

PETA pointed to its vegan starter kit, a free guide with advice and recipes, to people who are curious about embarking on a more sustainable lifestyle.

"Pythons can feel pain and fear, and they don’t want to be slaughtered any more than a cow, pig, chicken, or dog does," Danielle Katz, PETA senior director of campaigns, told ABC News in a statement. "Experts agree that vegan eating is crucial for stopping the climate catastrophe in its tracks, so adding more animals to the already billions who suffer and die for food every year would be as misguided as it is cruel."

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Man sees distorted 'demon-like' faces because of rare neurological disorder

Victor Sharrah's case has featured in a new study, the results of which have recently been published in the respected medical journal, The Lancet.

News reporter @thejournojames

Friday 22 March 2024 08:57, UK

When Victor Sharrah woke up one day in November 2020, he feared he was in some sort of "demonic world".

When he looked at people's faces, they appeared "demon-like", with their ears, noses and mouths stretched back, and with deep grooves in their foreheads, cheeks and chins.

"You can't imagine how scary it was," the 59-year-old, from Clarksville, Tennessee, said.

What he was actually seeing were distortions, caused by an incredibly rare neurological disorder, known as prosopometamorphopsia, or PMO.

Even more unusual in the case of Mr Sharrah was that, when he looked at a phone or computer screen, people's faces appeared normally.

That gave scientists an interesting opportunity to put Mr Sharrah at the centre of an interesting new study - the results of which were recently published in respected medical journal, The Lancet.

For the first time, researchers were able to recreate these rare PMO distortions in the form of pictures.

"As the patient reported no distortion when viewing facial images on a screen or on paper, we asked him to compare an in-person face to a photograph of the face taken in the same room under identical lighting conditions," the authors said in their report.

"By alternating between observing the in-person face perceived as distorted and the photo on a computer screen-perceived as undistorted, he provided real-time feedback on the perceived differences.

"We then used image-editing software to modify each photo until it matched his in-person perception."

What is PMO?

There are reportedly fewer than 100 published case reports of PMO, and scientists don't fully understand what triggers it.

However, they suspect it is caused by dysfunction in the brain network that handles facial processing.

The distortions can vary from case to case, with other people reporting seeing people with droopy or off-set eyes, and others reporting seeing "witch-like" features.

Interestingly, unlike a person experiencing hallucinations due to a mental disorder, a person with PMO is aware that what they are seeing is a distortion or that something is wrong with their vision.

Read more from Sky News: US to call for 'immediate ceasefire' in Gaza US justice department sues Apple

According to NBC, the US partner of Sky News, researchers offered two possible triggers in the case of Mr Sharrah.

The first was that he had carbon monoxide poisoning four months before his PMO symptoms started.

The second was he had endured a significant head injury 15 years earlier while hitting his head on concrete, with MRI scans showing a lesion on the left side of his brain.

Mr Sharrah also has a history of bipolar affective disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, according to the study.

Though PMO symptoms often resolve after a few days or weeks, they can linger for years, and Mr Sharrah said he still sees demonic faces.

'I came close to having myself institutionalised'

He has found ways to cope with his condition, including living with a roommate and her two kids, which he said has been helpful, because he's used to having people around, so he isn't as spooked when he sees new faces in public.

According to NBC, he also finds that green light alleviates his symptoms, so he sometimes wears glasses with green-tinted lenses when he's in crowds.

Mr Sharrah wants others to know they can manage the condition.

"I came so close to having myself institutionalised," he added.

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According to the study's lead author, Antonio Mello, a PhD student who works in Dartmouth's Social Perception Lab, many doctors aren't aware of PMO and may misdiagnose people with mental health disorders instead.

As a result, some PMO patients have been prescribed medications for schizophrenia or psychosis, which aren't appropriate for their condition, he added.

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