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February 2018

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The Power of Pets

Health Benefits of Human-Animal Interactions

Illustration of people with different types of pets

Nothing compares to the joy of coming home to a loyal companion. The unconditional love of a pet can do more than keep you company. Pets may also decrease stress, improve heart health, and even help children with their emotional and social skills.

An estimated 68% of U.S. households have a pet. But who benefits from an animal? And which type of pet brings health benefits?

Over the past 10 years, NIH has partnered with the Mars Corporation’s WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition to answer questions like these by funding research studies.

Scientists are looking at what the potential physical and mental health benefits are for different animals—from fish to guinea pigs to dogs and cats.

Possible Health Effects

Research on human-animal interactions is still relatively new. Some studies have shown positive health effects, but the results have been mixed.

Interacting with animals has been shown to decrease levels of cortisol (a stress-related hormone) and lower blood pressure. Other studies have found that animals can reduce loneliness, increase feelings of social support, and boost your mood.

The NIH/Mars Partnership is funding a range of studies focused on the relationships we have with animals. For example, researchers are looking into how animals might influence child development. They’re studying animal interactions with kids who have autism , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , and other conditions.

“There’s not one answer about how a pet can help somebody with a specific condition,” explains Dr. Layla Esposito, who oversees NIH’s Human-Animal Interaction Research Program. “Is your goal to increase physical activity? Then you might benefit from owning a dog. You have to walk a dog several times a day and you’re going to increase physical activity. If your goal is reducing stress, sometimes watching fish swim can result in a feeling of calmness. So there’s no one type fits all.”

NIH is funding large-scale surveys to find out the range of pets people live with and how their relationships with their pets relate to health.

“We’re trying to tap into the subjective quality of the relationship with the animal—that part of the bond that people feel with animals—and how that translates into some of the health benefits,” explains Dr. James Griffin, a child development expert at NIH.

Animals Helping People

Animals can serve as a source of comfort and support. Therapy dogs are especially good at this. They’re sometimes brought into hospitals or nursing homes to help reduce patients’ stress and anxiety.

“Dogs are very present. If someone is struggling with something, they know how to sit there and be loving,” says Dr. Ann Berger, a physician and researcher at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. “Their attention is focused on the person all the time.”

Berger works with people who have cancer and terminal illnesses. She teaches them about mindfulness to help decrease stress and manage pain.

“The foundations of mindfulness include attention, intention, compassion, and awareness,” Berger says. “All of those things are things that animals bring to the table. People kind of have to learn it. Animals do this innately.”

Researchers are studying the safety of bringing animals into hospital settings because animals may expose people to more germs. A current study is looking at the safety of bringing dogs to visit children with cancer, Esposito says. Scientists will be testing the children’s hands to see if there are dangerous levels of germs transferred from the dog after the visit.

Dogs may also aid in the classroom. One study found that dogs can help children with ADHD focus their attention. Researchers enrolled two groups of children diagnosed with ADHD into 12-week group therapy sessions. The first group of kids read to a therapy dog once a week for 30 minutes. The second group read to puppets that looked like dogs.

Kids who read to the real animals showed better social skills and more sharing, cooperation, and volunteering. They also had fewer behavioral problems.

Another study found that children with autism spectrum disorder were calmer while playing with guinea pigs in the classroom. When the children spent 10 minutes in a supervised group playtime with guinea pigs, their anxiety levels dropped. The children also had better social interactions and were more engaged with their peers. The researchers suggest that the animals offered unconditional acceptance, making them a calm comfort to the children.

“Animals can become a way of building a bridge for those social interactions,” Griffin says. He adds that researchers are trying to better understand these effects and who they might help.

Animals may help you in other unexpected ways. A recent study showed that caring for fish helped teens with diabetes better manage their disease. Researchers had a group of teens with type 1 diabetes care for a pet fish twice a day by feeding and checking water levels. The caretaking routine also included changing the tank water each week. This was paired with the children reviewing their blood glucose (blood sugar) logs with parents.

Researchers tracked how consistently these teens checked their blood glucose. Compared with teens who weren’t given a fish to care for, fish-keeping teens were more disciplined about checking their own blood glucose levels, which is essential for maintaining their health.

While pets may bring a wide range of health benefits, an animal may not work for everyone. Recent studies suggest that early exposure to pets may help protect young children from developing allergies and asthma. But for people who are allergic to certain animals, having pets in the home can do more harm than good.

Helping Each Other

Pets also bring new responsibilities. Knowing how to care for and feed an animal is part of owning a pet. NIH/Mars funds studies looking into the effects of human-animal interactions for both the pet and the person.

Remember that animals can feel stressed and fatigued, too. It’s important for kids to be able to recognize signs of stress in their pet and know when not to approach. Animal bites can cause serious harm.

“Dog bite prevention is certainly an issue parents need to consider, especially for young children who don’t always know the boundaries of what’s appropriate to do with a dog,” Esposito explains.

Researchers will continue to explore the many health effects of having a pet. “We’re trying to find out what’s working, what’s not working, and what’s safe—for both the humans and the animals,” Esposito says.

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Faculty & Research | 4.11.2023

The Health Benefits of Owning a Pet

Animal companions help their owners live longer, happier lives..

Today is National Pet Day , and pet owners have another reason to celebrate: their pets are helping them live healthier, longer lives. “Pet owners are less likely to die,” said Harvard Medical School clinical assistant professor Beth Frates, citing the American Heart Association’s finding that owning a furry (or scaly, or hairy) companion reduces a person’s mortality rate by 24 percent.

In a talk yesterday at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Frates and Megan Mueller, associate professor of human-animal interaction at Tufts University’s Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, discussed the health benefits of being around companion animals—whether one owns a pet or not.

From lowering blood pressure to assisting in clinical mental health settings, there are many ways pets make people healthier, according to Frates and Mueller:

Exercise: Research has found that those who own dogs are more likely to achieve 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week—the medically recommended guideline. “If you do reach those exercise guidelines, you will have lower blood pressure, you can lower your cholesterol, you can lower your triglycerides,” Frates explained. She added that studies show when a pet owner tries to get her obese dog get to a healthy weight, the owner reaps health benefits, too: “Owners will go on more walks for the health of the dog—more so than they will for themselves. Of course, the exercise helps both the animal and the human.” Most research focuses on dogs, because they are a popular pet and require frequent walks, but these benefits aren’t restricted to dog owners. For instance, Frates noted that riding a horse is a full-body workout.

Social connection: “Anyone who owns a dog, and walks that dog, knows it is an invitation for conversation,” Frates says. “It can reduce loneliness and create social connections.” Harvard tutors who own dogs often have the most highly attended study breaks (a chance for students to step away from schoolwork and mingle), she continued, referencing a 2015 University video on dogs in the Houses. Animals, in effect, brought more people together, and social connection is critical to a healthy life. According to data from the Harvard Study of Adult Development—which followed a cohort of Harvard graduates for 80 years—having close relationships is one of the top predictors of maintaining good health, even in old age.

Stress resiliency: Petting, playing with, or even just maintaining eye contact with pets, releases oxytocin in the brain, which in turn lowers stress levels in the body. Interestingly, research with dogs has shown that they also get an oxytocin boost from these interactions. Pets boost their owners’ stress resiliency by regularly getting them out of the house, into dog parks, and meeting new people. Frates said, “When we are connected, we actually feel less stress, because we can talk to our family, friends, and other connections about how we’re feeling.”

Sleep: The regular exercise of walking a dog, riding a horse, or playing with pets improves quality of sleep, Frates said. But there’s a caveat: “If people choose to sleep with their pets, that means their sleep is often interrupted. We do want people to get seven to nine uninterrupted hours of sleep, so that is something to consider.”

Mental health: According to Frates, lifestyle medicine guidelines recommend that people spend 120 minutes in nature each week to lower blood pressure and stress levels—which can often be achieved while playing with, tending to, or walking a pet. Pet fish bring the benefits of nature indoors, too. Studies have found that watching fish lowers a person’s blood pressure, and some research has shown that having fish at home helps the owners maintain their own life routines. Research with elderly widows and widowers found that pet ownership instilled necessary routine and responsibility into their days. “Pets provide a powerful sense of purpose—a routine and a responsibility to care for another living creature,” Mueller said. “That can provide a driving force for getting someone out of bed in the morning.”

Nutrition: “When you feed your pet, it’s usually on a schedule. It turns out, it’s good for us to be on an [eating] schedule, too, because it helps us plan what we want to eat helps us make healthier choices,” Frates said. Research into the relationship between pet and owner nutrition is still evolving, but she said anecdotally, “More and more people are making food for their pets that is delicious and nutritious, and hopefully that’s carrying over to quality of food they make for themselves.”

Avoiding risky substances: In a video presented during the panel, veterinarian Kwane Stewart, founder of Project Street Vet that provides care to homeless pets, said that caring for a pet sometimes deters homeless pet owners from substance abuse. “I can’t say that my pet is my reason for living,” Stewart said, “but for a lot of these people on the streets, that is the case.” Frates added that pet ownership can incentivize some people to quit smoking, just as parents concerned about secondhand smoke might nix their cigarette habit.

Therapeutic benefits: Beyond the well-known therapy animals like dogs and cats, mental health clinicians also employ rabbits, birds, llamas, and even guinea pigs in their therapeutic practices. Niki Vettel, a mental health clinician specializing in addiction disorders, shared that structured therapeutic time with guinea pigs has helped her patients practice mindfulness and trust. A video from clinicians at Lovelane Therapeutics—an equine therapy group for children with special needs, in Lincoln, Massachusetts—highlighted how horses can help people physically and mentally. A mother of a child with Down Syndrome noted that when her son first started riding at age three, he could not walk. She believed, however, that the muscular strength and confidence he built while riding was key to him later taking his first steps.

“It’s powerful to hear the stories, it’s powerful to read the research. But I think the most powerful thing is the experience of actually being with animals,” Frates said. Fittingly, the organizers treated audience members to a “pet play date” after the talk, featuring therapy animals Sophie the Golden Retriever and Hermie the guinea pig.

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Animal Behavior

The psychological and physical benefits of having a pet, pets can improve our health and well-being..

Posted October 26, 2020 | Reviewed by Abigail Fagan

Pets are an essential part of our psychological toolkit and a great source of comfort. The experience of spending time with an animal is beneficial in the context of your overall health and well-being.

Petting, holding, or cuddling an animal increases the levels of serotonin and dopamine in our bodies, which are feel-good, calming brain chemicals. As a result of these positive chemical changes, our feelings of depression and loneliness may be reduced while our self-esteem and happiness may increase. Interacting with pets can serve to reduce your blood pressure, slow your heart rate, and decrease the level of the stress hormone cortisol in the body. High levels of cortisol can cause the buildup of plaque in the arteries of your heart; this can lead to a heart attack. Even just watching fish swimming around in an aquarium can be a calming and relaxing experience.

Studies have shown that owning a pet may reduce the symptoms of depression, provide a sense of purpose, increase self-confidence , and provide comfort to their owners. Seniors who are depressed or lonely benefit greatly from having a pet to care for and love; it makes them feel needed, which promotes self-confidence and self-esteem. Pets also provide structure and routine to daily life because they require regular care and feeding. Our pets are a welcome sight when we return home following a long or stressful day. Dogs, especially, are palpably happy to see you when you’ve been away.

Dog ownership is immensely therapeutic. A dog requires daily walks; this means that their owners, too, experience fresh air and exercise on a daily basis, thus lowering their risk of succumbing to heart disease. Dog walking also decreases the extent to which humans can isolate themselves. While out and about, walking our dogs, we encounter numerous opportunities to strike up conversations with people whom we might otherwise have never met. People often pass each other on the street without saying a word — but having a dog present is a natural conversation-starter.

Some dogs can sense when you, their owner — their family — are sad or unhappy. They will often respond by nudging you with their paw or head — or they’ll simply sit by your side to let you know that they’re there. Children often prefer to confide their feelings to a pet rather than an adult. Law students who are anxious and stressed before exams have benefited significantly from visits to their schools by therapy dogs.

Many law schools are now allowing therapy dogs onto their campuses to alleviate the pressure of exams among their students. Certified therapy dogs are brought in by their owners, and the students are allowed to pet the dogs and sit with them. The experience of doing so offers students a welcome diversion from their studies and eases their levels of stress, anxiety , and tension. Therapy dogs have, likewise, become part of children’s library reading programs and also provide comfort to people who are in or who work in nursing homes, hospitals, and funeral homes.

Any animal can be a source of social support. Just having another living being whom you can talk to, hug, love — and who needs you — can alleviate feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression. Dogs and cats are great sources of comfort and companionship. However, if you are allergic to dogs or cats — or if you don’t want or are not in a position to be able to fulfill the commitment of owning one — then an aquarium is an excellent choice. Aquariums are inexpensive and are relatively low-maintenance. The sound of the filter can also be relaxing, as well as the experience of watching the fish while they swim.

Louise B. Miller, Ph.D., is an Integrative Mental Health Specialist in Southern California. She is the author of Psychological First Aid: Removing the Stigma & Reframing the Way We Think about Mental Illness.

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The benefits of owning a pet.

Ohio State's Rustin Moore shares insight into some of the benefits that pets bring to their owners

Rustin Moore , dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine , was the featured speaker at a recent Buckeye Smart event , a lunch-and-learn series hosted by the alumni association that features Ohio State experts speaking about various topics. Dr. Moore talked about emerging research that demonstrates the powerful bond between pets and their owners.

Why are pets so powerful?

Pets are so powerful for people for many reasons. They’re oftentimes the most stable part of the family structure. It’s known that around 70 percent of people in the United States have a pet . Kids are more likely to live with a pet than they are with their biological father or siblings. So for those populations, which I think of many of them as vulnerable, it’s the most reliable, loyal thing in their life.

What other populations benefit from pets?

It’s the same thing for homeless people, as well as the homebound. We serve those populations of people with an outreach medicine program in partnership with two groups, Lifecare Alliance and Faithful Forgotten Best Friends . We serve people who wouldn’t have the veterinary care for their pets otherwise. You can just tell when you’re interacting with them how important that pet is to them. It’s literally like their child. When I was out visiting a homeless camp last February, I asked two different people, “Why don’t you just give up your pet so you can actually get into a shelter or housing?” And they both said, “I can’t give them up, they’re the most important thing in my life. It’d be like me giving up a child.” Those are the reasons pets are powerful emotionally.

What does the latest research show?

There’s also a lot of evidence that’s emerging of how beneficial pets are to your health — physically, mentally, emotionally, socially. There’s starting to be more emerging research that’s actually showing those effects on people like veterans with PTSD, Alzheimer’s patients and others. Part of the evidence that’s out there that’s emerged is that pets actually have physiological changes on people. Your blood pressure goes down. Your blood cortisol, which is a stress hormone, goes down. Another hormone called oxytocin, which is a feel good hormone, goes up. So pets really do have positive benefits on people and can decrease stress. That’s especially important in today’s world where we have stress all around us. “ Zooeyia ” is actually a term that’s been recently coined for the research evidence that shows the positive health benefits of interacting with an animal.

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Why owning a pet is good for body and mind

Pet ownership should be recognised as a public health strategy due to the profound benefits for individuals, families and communities, says Steven Feldman

In his article ( Want to truly have empathy for animals? Stop owning pets, 4 February ), Troy Vettese discounts the significant benefits that pets bring to the lives of billions of people worldwide. Scientific research shows that human-animal interactions can have a powerful impact on mental, physical and social health for individuals, families and entire communities.

In fact, the benefits of pets are so profound that Vettese should consider making a full U-turn – we should have more pets and we should view them as a low-cost, high-reward public health strategy .

Pets can buffer stress and help address social isolation. Health professionals are increasingly recommending pets and incorporating them into the long-term management of mental health conditions. Think about the cost of heart disease and obesity. Research demonstrates that pet owners have lower blood pressure, are more likely to achieve the recommended levels of daily exercise and are less likely to be obese. In addition, children with pets are more likely to be physically active.

Pets benefit from their close relationship with people just as much as we do. Pet owners consider their pets to be an important part of the family, and are willing to make significant lifestyle changes for them. According to a survey , 61% of pet owners would change housing to accommodate a pet, and 45% would change jobs to have increased time with pets at home. Most importantly, international research conducted in nine countries shows that strong bonds result in better veterinary care for the pets we love.

Environmentally, pets help prevent waste, reducing agriculture’s footprint . Ingredients produced during human food processing that would otherwise be discarded are safely used in pet food.

Scientific research tells the real story. The right headline should be: “Get a pet for good health at both ends of the leash!” Steven Feldman President, Human-Animal Bond Research Institute

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The Benefits of Pets for Human Health

Animals play an important role in many people’s lives. In addition to seeing-eye dogs and dogs that can be trained to detect seizures, animals can also be used in occupational therapy, speech therapy, or physical rehabilitation to help patients recover. [1] Aside from these designated therapeutic roles, animals are also valued as companions, which can certainly affect the quality of our lives. Is that companionship beneficial to our health?

The better we understand the human-animal bond, the more we can use it to improve people’s lives. This article summarizes what is known and not known about how animals help improve the health and well-being of people, and what the implications might be for helping people who don’t have pets of their own. Over 90 million American households (70%) have a pet, [2] and most people think of their pets as members of the family. [3] Some research studies have found that people who have a pet have healthier hearts, stay home sick less often, make fewer visits to the doctor, get more exercise, and are less depressed. Pets may also have a significant impact on allergies, asthma, social support, and social interactions with other people.

Impact on Physical and Mental Health

Companion animals may improve heart health by lowering blood pressure and regulating the heart rate during stressful situations. In a 2002 study, researchers measured changes in heart rate and blood pressure among people who had a dog or cat, compared to those who did not, when participants were under stress (performing a timed math task). People with a dog or cat had lower resting heart rates and blood pressure measures at the beginning of the experiment than non-pet owners. People with a dog or cat were also less likely to have spikes in heart rates and blood pressure while performing the math task, and their heart rates and blood pressure returned to normal more quickly. The study was conducted with pet owners when the pets were present, and also when the pets were not present. Pet owners had better cardiac responses in either situation, and especially when pets were present. They also made fewer errors in their math when their pet was present in the room. [4] All these findings indicated that having a dog or cat lowered the risk of heart disease, as well as lowering stress so that performance improved.

A similar study found that having your dog in the room lowered blood pressure better than taking a popular type of blood pressure medication (ACE inhibitor) when you are under stress. [5] Other research has indicated that the simple act of stroking a pet can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol. [6]

Children’s exposure to companion animals may also ease anxiety. For example, one study measured blood pressure, heart rate, and behavioral distress in healthy children aged 3 to 6 at two different doctor visits for routine physicals. At one visit, a dog (unrelated to the child) was present in the room and at the other visit the dog was absent. When the dog was present, children had lower blood pressure measures, lower heart rates, and less behavioral distress. [7] However, research on the health benefits of child and animal interaction is still limited. Further research is needed on how pets influence child development and specific health outcomes.

Findings suggest that the social support a pet provides can make a person feel more relaxed and decrease stress. [8] Social support from friends and family can have similar benefits, but interpersonal relationships often cause stress as well, whereas pets may be less likely to cause stress. The social support provided by a pet might also encourage more social interactions with people, reducing feelings of isolation or loneliness. For example, walking with a dog has been found to increase social interaction, especially with strangers, compared to walking without a dog. [9]

Among elderly people, pet ownership might also be an important source of social support that enhances well-being. In one study, elderly individuals that had a dog or cat were better able to perform certain physical activities deemed “activities of daily living,” such as the ability to climb stairs; bend, kneel, or stoop; take medication; prepare meals; and bathe and dress oneself. There were not significant differences between dog and cat owners in their abilities to perform these activities. Neither the length of time of having a dog or cat nor the level of attachment to the animal influenced performance abilities. Companion animals did not seem to have an impact on psychological health but researchers suggested that a care-taking role may give older individuals a sense of responsibility and purpose that contributes to their overall well-being. [10]

A large German study collected pet information (dog, cat, horse, fish, bird or other pet ownership) from over 9,000 people at two different times (1996 and 2001). The survey included a number of health, economic, and labor issues, so that respondents would not realize the researchers’ interest in a link between pets and health. Researchers found that people who said they had a pet in both 1996 and 2001 had the fewest doctor visits, followed by people who had acquired a pet by 2001; the group of people who did not have a pet at either time had the highest number of doctor visits. [11] Similarly, a study of women in China found that those who were dog owners had fewer doctor visits, took fewer days off sick from work, and exercised more often than non-dog owners. [12]

Research on allergies and asthma is mixed. Some studies show that having a cat might increase allergen sensitivity, while others show it might protect against cat allergies. Having a dog might not influence or might protect against specific dog allergies. [13] A 2013 study found that mice were protected against allergies when they were exposed to dust that came from homes with dogs. [14] The researchers discovered that the protective effect was due to a certain type of gut bacteria that is often present in people with dogs. More research is needed on the connection between allergies, asthma, and pets, but it is possible that the impact of having pets on allergies may depend on the age of the person at the time they are exposed to an animal as well as the type of pet. For example, 6 and 7 year old children who lived with a bird during their first year of life were more likely to have respiratory symptoms like wheezing compared to children who did not have a bird in the home as an infant. [15] Likewise, researchers say that the timing of when a pet is in the family is also important. Children with dogs or cats in their home during the first year of life are less likely to develop allergies in childhood. [6]

As is true with any relationship, some human-pet relationships are likely to be more rewarding than others. Some people are more attached to their pets than others and those feelings could influence the impact of the pet on the person’s health. Other factors such as gender and marital status may play a role. For example, one study found that dog ownership was associated with lower rates of depression among women, but not men, and among single individuals but not married people. So, while pet ownership might have a positive impact on well-being for some people, it doesn’t affect everyone the same way. [16]

Children’s Emotional Development

When a child has no brothers or sisters, research shows that pets help children develop greater empathy, higher self-esteem, and increased participation in social and physical activities. [6]

The Challenges of Measuring the Positive Impact of Pets

The effect of human-animal interaction on health is not fully understood because it is difficult to study. Most evidence on the benefits of having a pet comes from surveys of current health, but that means it is impossible to know if a person is in good health because she has a pet or if he is more likely to get a pet because he is in good health. Someone whose health is poor may decide he does not have the time or energy to care for a pet. The German study described above suggests that having a pet for a longer period of time is more beneficial to your health; but it is also possible that people with pets have less time to spare to go to the doctor or are less concerned about their own health, especially minor ailments.

In addition, people who love their pets are likely to want to let researchers know that their pets help improve their lives. This could bias the study results.

Another issue is how the word “pet” is defined. Does having a goldfish confer the same health benefits as having a golden retriever? Most pet studies were of people who had a dog or a cat, making it difficult to draw conclusions about health benefits of birds, lizards, fish, or other pets. How much time the person spends with his or her pet could be strongly influenced by the type of pet and in turn could influence the health benefits of having a pet. [17]

Temporary Companions

Researchers have also used animals to temporarily provide companionship to children with health or mental health problems, or elderly people who may not have the energy or resources for a live-in pet. While these studies do not always have consistent results, some positive findings of interacting with a therapy dog include reduced levels of pain and anxiety among hospitalized children and adults, as well as increased focus and interaction among children with autism and other developmental disorders. In nursing home settings, interaction with visiting dogs has led to more social behaviors, more interaction among residents, and less loneliness. [18]

While research on animal-assisted interaction and therapy is not always consistent and is often done with small groups of participants, there is some evidence that interaction with a companion animal even for a short time might have a range of benefits

The Bottom Line

The research findings are encouraging, so it makes sense to conduct more studies on how human-animal interaction influences our health. We don’t yet know precisely what types of animals influence what types of health issues (physical, mental, and social well-being) and what characteristics about human-animal interaction are most important. People who have pets know that there are many benefits to having a companion animal, but we do not yet know under what circumstances those benefits are most likely. If research shows specific health benefits under specific circumstances, that information can be used to change policies in ways that benefit even more adults and children, by influencing rules and regulations for schools, health or assisted living facilities, residential treatment centers, and other places where people’s exposure to animals is sometimes discouraged but could potentially be encouraged.

For more scientific research about human-animal interaction, see How Animals Affect Us: Examining the Influence of Human-Animal Interaction of Child Development and Human Health by Peggy McCardel, Sandra McCune, James A. Griffin, and Valerie Maholmes. The book is based in part on a workshop sponsored by the Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, a division of Mars, Incorporated, and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).

All articles are reviewed and approved by Dr. Diana Zuckerman and other senior staff.

Griffin JA, McCune S, Maholmes V, Hurley K (2011). Human-animal interaction research: An introduction to issues and topics. In McCardle P, McCune S, Griffin JA & Maholmes V (Eds.), How animals affect us (pp. 3-9). Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.
The Humane Society Of The United States, Pets by the numbers. https://humanepro.org/page/pets-by-the-numbers
Risley-Curtiss C, Holley LC, Wolf S (2006). The animal-human bond and ethnic diversity. Social Work. Jul;51(3):257-68.
Allen K, Blascovich J, Mendes WB (2002). Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: the truth about cats and dogs . Psychosom Med . Sep-Oct;64(5):727-39.
Allen K, Shykoff BE, Izzo JL Jr. (2001). Pet ownership, but not ace inhibitor therapy, blunts home blood pressure responses to mental stress. Hypertension. Oct;38(4):815-20.
Hodgson, K., Barton, L., Darling, M., Antao, V., Kim, F. A., & Monavvari, A. (2015). Pets’ Impact on Your Patients’ Health: Leveraging Benefits and Mitigating Risk. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 28 (4), 526-534.
Nagengast SL, Baun MM, Megel M, Leibowitz JM (1997). The effects of the presence of a companion animal on physiological arousal and behavioral distress in children during a physical examination. J Pediatr Nurs. Dec;12(6):323-30.
Serpell JA (2011). Historical and cultural perspectives on human-pet interactions. In McCardel P, McCune S, Griffin JA, et al, Animals in Our Lives (pp. 7-22). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
McNicholas J, Collis GM (2000). Dogs as catalysts for social interactions: robustness of the effect. Br J Psychol ;91:61-70.
Raina P, Waltner-Toews D, Bonnett B, Woodward C, Abernathy T (1999). Influence of companion animals on the physical and psychological health of older people: an analysis of a one-year longitudinal study. J Am Geriatr Soc . Mar;47(3):323-9.
Headey B & Grabka MM (2007). Pets and human health in Germany and Australia: National longitudinal results. Social Indicators Research . 80: 297-311.
Headey BW, Fu Na, Zheng R (2008). Pet Dogs Benefit Owners’ Health: A ‘Natural Experiment’ in China. Soc Indic Res . 87:481-493.
Simpson A, Custovic A (2003). Early pet exposure: friend or foe? Allergy Clin Immunol . Feb;3(1):7-14.
Fukimura KE, Demoor T, Rauch M, Faruqi AA, Jang S, Johnson CC, Boushey HA, Zoratti E, Ownby D, Lukacs NW, & Lynch SV. House dust exposure mediates gut microbiome Lactobacillus enrichment and airway immune defense against allergens and virus infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; 2013; Online edition.
Behrens T, Maziak W, Weiland SK, Rzehak P, Siebert E, Keil U (2005). Symptoms of asthma and the home environment. The ISAAC I and III cross-sectional surveys in Münster, Germany. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. May;137(1):53-61.
Cline KM (2010). Psychological effects of dog ownership: role strain, role enhancement, and depression. J Soc Psychol . Mar-Apr;150(2):117-31.
Thorpe RJ Jr., Serpell JA, Suomi S (2011). Challenges to human-animal interaction research. In McCardel P, McCune S, Griffin JA, et al, Animals in Our Lives (pp. 217-225). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Johnson RA (2011). Animal-assisted interventions in health care contexts. In McCardle P, McCune S, Griffin JA & Maholmes V (Eds.), How animals affect us (pp. 183-192). Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.

Best Friends: You and Your Dog

The joys of owning a cat, coping with losing a pet, dog walking: the health benefits of walks with your dog, emotional support dogs: choosing the right breed, adopting a dog for the first time.

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The benefits of pets

How pets can improve your lifestyle, the benefits of pets for older adults, the benefits of pets for children, owning a pet is a major commitment, how to find the perfect pet, choosing between a dog or a cat, alternatives to pet ownership, the health and mood-boosting benefits of pets.

Pets come with some powerful health benefits. Here’s how caring for a dog, cat, or other animal can help relieve depression and anxiety, lower stress, and improve your heart health.

Most pet owners are clear about the immediate joys that come with sharing their lives with companion animals. However, many of us remain unaware of the physical and mental health benefits that can also accompany the pleasure of snuggling up to a furry friend. It’s only recently that studies have begun to scientifically explore the benefits of the human-animal bond.

Pets have evolved to become acutely attuned to humans and our behavior and emotions. Dogs, for example, are able to understand many of the words we use, but they’re even better at interpreting our tone of voice, body language, and gestures. And like any good human friend, a loyal dog will look into your eyes to gauge your emotional state and try to understand what you’re thinking and feeling (and to work out when the next walk or treat might be coming, of course).

Pets, especially dogs and cats, can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, ease loneliness, encourage exercise and playfulness, and even improve your cardiovascular health. Caring for an animal can help children grow up more secure and active. Pets also provide valuable companionship for older adults. Perhaps most importantly, though, a pet can add real joy and unconditional love to your life.

Any pet can improve your health

While it’s true that people with pets often experience greater health benefits than those without, a pet doesn’t necessarily have to be a dog or a cat. A rabbit could be ideal if you’re allergic to other animals or have limited space but still want a furry friend to snuggle with. Birds can encourage social interaction and help keep your mind sharp if you’re an older adult. Snakes, lizards, and other reptiles can make for exotic companions. Even watching fish in an aquarium can help reduce muscle tension and lower your pulse rate.

Studies have shown that:

Pet owners are less likely to suffer from depression than those without pets.
People with pets have lower blood pressure in stressful situations than those without pets. One study even found that when people with borderline hypertension adopted dogs from a shelter, their blood pressure declined significantly within five months.
Playing with a dog, cat, or other pet can elevate levels of serotonin and dopamine, which calm and relax.
Pet owners have lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels (indicators of heart disease) than those without pets.
Heart attack patients with pets survive longer than those without.
Pet owners over age 65 make 30 percent fewer visits to their doctors than those without pets.

One of the reasons for these therapeutic effects is that pets fulfill the basic human need for touch. Even hardened criminals in prison show long-term changes in their behavior after interacting with pets, many of them experiencing mutual affection for the first time. Stroking, hugging, or otherwise touching a loving animal can rapidly calm and soothe you when you’re stressed or anxious. The companionship of a pet can also ease loneliness , and most dogs are a great stimulus for healthy exercise, which can substantially boost your mood and ease depression.

Speak to a Licensed Therapist

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Adopting healthy lifestyle changes plays an important role in easing symptoms of depression , anxiety, stress, bipolar disorder, and PTSD. Caring for a pet can help you make healthy lifestyle changes by:

Increasing exercise. Taking a dog for a walk, hike, or run are fun and rewarding ways to fit healthy daily exercise into your schedule. Studies have shown that dog owners are far more likely to meet their daily exercise requirements—and exercising every day is great for the animal as well. It will deepen the connection between you, eradicate most behavior problems in dogs, and keep your pet fit and healthy.

Providing companionship. Companionship can help prevent illness and even add years to your life, while isolation and loneliness can trigger symptoms of depression. Caring for an animal can help make you feel needed and wanted, and take the focus away from your problems, especially if you live alone. Most dog and cat owners talk to their pets, some even use them to work through their troubles. And nothing beats loneliness like coming home to a wagging tail or purring cat.

Helping you meet new people. Pets can be a great social lubricant for their owners, helping you start and maintain new friendships . Dog owners frequently stop and talk to each other on walks, hikes, or in a dog park. Pet owners also meet new people in pet stores, clubs, and training classes.

Reducing anxiety. The companionship of an animal can offer comfort, help ease anxiety , and build self-confidence for people anxious about going out into the world. Because pets tend to live in the moment—they don’t worry about what happened yesterday or what might happen tomorrow—they can help you become more mindful and appreciate the joy of the present.

Adding structure and routine to your day. Many pets, especially dogs, require a regular feeding and exercise schedule. Having a consistent routine keeps an animal balanced and calm—and it can work for you, too. No matter your mood—depressed, anxious, or stressed—one plaintive look from your pet and you’ll have to get out of bed to feed, exercise, and care for them.

[Read: Coping with Depression]

Providing sensory stress relief. Touch and movement are two healthy ways to quickly manage stress . Stroking a dog, cat, or other animal can lower blood pressure and help you quickly feel calmer and less stressed.

Get a dog, lose weight

A number of studies have linked owning a dog to losing weight:

A year-long study at the Wellness Institute at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago found that walking an overweight dog helped both the animals and their owners shed unwanted pounds. Researchers found that the dogs provided support in similar ways to a human exercise buddy, but with greater consistency and without any negative influence.
Another study by the Research Center for Human-Animal Interaction found that public housing residents who walked therapy dogs for up to 20 minutes five days a week lost an average of 14.4 pounds in a year, without changing their diets.
A third study, conducted by dog food manufacturer Mars Petcare, found that people with a dog walked 30 minutes more per week than they did before owning a dog.

As well as providing vital companionship, owning a pet can play an important role in healthy aging by helping you to:

Find meaning and joy in life. As you age, you’ll lose things that previously occupied your time and gave your life purpose. You may retire from your career or your children may move far away. Caring for a pet can bring pleasure and help boost your morale, optimism, and sense of self-worth. Choosing to adopt a pet from a shelter, especially an older pet, can add to your sense of fulfillment, knowing that you’ve provided a home to a pet that may otherwise have been euthanized.

[Read: Cultivating Happiness]

Stay connected. Maintaining a social network isn’t always easy as you grow older. Retirement , illness, death, and relocation can take away close friends and family members. And making new friends can get harder. Pets, especially dogs, are a great way for older adults to spark up conversations and meet new people .

Boost your vitality. You can overcome many of the physical challenges associated with aging by taking good care of yourself. Dogs, cats, and other pets encourage playfulness , laughter, and exercise, which can help boost your immune system and increase your energy.

How pets help adults with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia

As part of the disease, Alzheimer’s patients may exhibit a variety of behavioral problems, many related to an inability to deal with stress.

Research at the University of California at Davis concluded that Alzheimer’s patients suffer less stress and have fewer anxious outbursts if there is a dog or cat in the home.
Pets can provide a source of positive, nonverbal communication. The playful interaction and gentle touch from a well-trained, docile animal can help soothe an Alzheimer’s patient and decrease aggressive behavior —as can simply being exposed to bright aquariums or fish tanks.
In many cases a patient’s problem behavior is a reaction to the stressed response of the primary caretaker. Pets can help ease the stress of caregivers. Cats or caged animals may be more suitable than dogs, which generally require more care and can add to the burden of someone who’s already looking after an Alzheimer’s patient.

Not only do children who grow up with pets have less risk of allergies and asthma, many also learn responsibility, compassion, and empathy from having a dog or cat.

[Read: Raising Emotionally Intelligent Children]

Unlike parents or teachers, pets are never critical and don’t give orders. They are always loving and their mere presence at home can help provide a sense of security in children. Having an ever-present pet can help ease separation anxiety in children when mom and dad aren’t around.
Having the love and companionship of a pet can make a child feel important and help them develop a positive self-image.
Kids who are emotionally attached to their pets are better able to build relationships with other people.
Studies have also shown that pets can help calm hyperactive or overly aggressive kids. Of course, both the animal and the child need to be trained to behave appropriately with each other.
A pet can help develop a young and expanding mind by teaching a child empathy and understanding. Kids can talk with their pet without a fear of rejection, which enables them to build their confidence, and even their vocabulary.
Getting even a small, caged pet, such as a guinea pig or hamster, is a great way to teach a child responsibility.

Like adults, children can benefit from playing with a pet. It can be a source of calmness and relaxation, as well as a source of stimulation for the brain and body. Playing with a pet can even be a doorway to learning for a child. It can stimulate a child’s imagination and curiosity. The rewards of training a dog to perform a new trick, for example, can teach kids the importance of perseverance. Caring for a furry friend can also offer another benefit to a child: immense joy.

Children with learning disorders and other challenges

Some children with autism or other learning difficulties are better able to interact with pets than people. Autistic children often rely on nonverbal cues to communicate, just as animals do. And learning to first connect with a pet may even help an autistic child in their interactions with people.

Pets can help children with learning disabilities learn how to regulate stress and calm themselves, making them better equipped to overcome the challenges of their disorder.
Playing and exercising with a dog or cat can help a child with learning disorders stay alert and attentive throughout the day. It can also be a great antidote to stress and frustration caused by the learning disability.
Learning to ride a horse at a local riding stable can help elevate the self-esteem of disabled children, putting them on a more equal level with kids without disabilities.

Despite all the benefits, it’s important to remember that a pet is not a miracle cure for mental health issues. Owning a pet is beneficial and comforting only for those who love and appreciate domestic animals and have the time and money to keep a pet happy and healthy. If you’re simply not an “animal person,” pet ownership is not going to provide you with any health benefits or improve your life.

Even if you love animals, it’s important to understand everything that caring for a pet entails. Owning a pet is a major commitment that will last through the animal’s lifetime, perhaps 10 or 15 years in the case of dogs. And at the end of that commitment, you’ll face the grief and mourning that comes with losing a beloved companion.

[Read: Coping with Losing a Pet]

Other drawbacks to owning a pet include:

Pets cost money . Food bills, veterinary care, licenses, grooming costs, toys, bedding, boarding fees, and other maintenance expenses can mount up. If you’re unemployed or elderly, on a limited fixed income, it may be a struggle to cope with the expense of pet ownership.

Pets require time and attention . As any dog owner will tell you, there’s nothing therapeutic about coming home to a dog that has been locked up in the house on his own all day. Dogs need daily exercise to stay calm and well-balanced; most other pets require at least daily care and attention.

Owning a pet can curb some of your social activity . A dog can only be left alone for a limited time. By training your dog, you’ll be able to take him with you to visit friends, run errands, or sit outside a coffee shop, for example, but you won’t be able to leave for a spur of the moment weekend away without arranging care for your pet first.

Pets can be destructive . Any pet can have an occasional accident at home. Some cats may be prone to shredding upholstery, some dogs to chewing shoes. While training can help eradicate negative, destructive behavior, they remain common in animals left alone without exercise or stimulation for long periods of time.

Pets require responsibility . Most dogs, regardless of size and breed, are capable of inflicting injury on people if not handled responsibly by their owners. Even cats can scratch or bite. Pet owners need to be alert to any danger, especially around children.

Pets carry health risks for some people . While there are some diseases that can be transmitted from cats and dogs to their human handlers, allergies are the most common health risk of pet ownership. If you or a family member has been diagnosed with a pet allergy, carefully consider whether you can live with the symptoms before committing to pet ownership. Also consider that some friends or relatives with allergies may no longer be able to visit your home if you have a pet.

If you’ve decided that owning a pet is right for you, congratulations: you’re about to open your life to a unique and rewarding relationship. While people who have pets tend to be happier, more independent, and feel more secure than those without pets, it’s important to select the type of pet that best suits your needs and lifestyle.

[Read: Choosing the Right Dog]

Talk to other members of your household and agree on the qualities you want in a pet and those that you’d prefer to avoid.

Lifestyle considerations that influence your choice in a pet

Little outdoor activity . If most of your time is spent at home, consider pets that would be happy to stay with you in that environment. You may enjoy playing with or cuddling a cat or a bunny; taking leisurely walks with an older dog; watching fish or reptiles; or talking or singing along with a bird.

High activity level . If you’re more active and enjoy daily activities outside of your home, especially walking or running, an energetic dog might be right for you. Canine companions thrive on outdoor exercise, keeping you on the move.

Small children and the elderly . Families with small children or elderly living in their homes should consider the size and energy level of a pet. Puppies and kittens are usually very active, but delicate creatures that must be handled with care. Large or rambunctious dogs could accidentally harm or knock over a small child or adult who is unsteady on his or her feet.

Other animals in household . Consider the ongoing happiness and ability to adjust of the pets you already have. While your cat or a dog might love to have an animal friend to play with, a pet that has had exclusive access to your attentions may resent sharing you.

Home environment . If a neat, tidy home, free of animal hair, occasional muddy footprints and “accidents” is important, then a free-roaming dog or long-haired cat may not be the best choice. You may want to choose pets that are confined to their quarters, such as fish, birds, hamsters, or reptiles.

Landscaping concerns . With certain pets, your landscaping will suffer. Many dogs will be tempted to dig holes in your lawn, and dog urine can leave yellow patches—some say unaltered females cause the most damage.

Time commitment . Finally, and perhaps most importantly, keep in mind that you’ll be making a commitment that will last the lifetime of the pet—perhaps 10, 15, or 20 years with a dog or cat; as many as 30 years or more with a bird. You can, of course, consider adopting an older dog or cat from a shelter or rescue group and provide a deserving animal with a loving home for its senior years.

Ultimately, when choosing a pet, be honest with yourself about the lifestyle you enjoy and the kind of pet you’d like to care for. If you’re in doubt about caring for a larger animal, start small, get a fish or a smaller, caged animal. See how it fits and go from there.

Shelter and rescue animals

Whether mixed breed or purebred, dogs and cats adopted from a shelter or rescue group make excellent pets. For the most part, pets end up in a shelter through no fault of their own. Their owner may have died or moved to a place that doesn’t allow pets, or the pet may have simply been abandoned by irresponsible owners who bought them on a whim and later discovered that they were unable or unwilling to care for them properly. If any shelter or rescue animal exhibits aggressive behavior, it is typically euthanized rather than offered for adoption.

Rescue groups try to find suitable homes for unwanted or abandoned dogs, cats, and other pets, many taken from shelters where they would otherwise have been euthanized. Volunteers usually take care of the animals until they can find a permanent home. This means that rescuers are often very familiar with a pet’s personality and can help advise you on whether the pet would make a good match for your needs.

By adopting an animal from a shelter or rescue organization, you’ll not only be giving a home to a deserving pet, but you’ll also likely be saving an animal’s life.

Avoid puppies sold in pet stores and online

Puppy mills are like dog-making factories that churn out puppies for profit, ignoring the needs of the pups and their mothers. The mother dogs spend their entire lives in cramped cages or kennels with little or no personal attention or quality of life. When the mother and father dogs can no longer breed, they are discarded or killed. Dogs from puppy mills are often sick and unsocialized.

There are also more than 10,000 puppy mills in the United States alone, and they commonly sell online or via classified ads, flea markets, and pet stores. In fact, the majority of puppies sold in pet stores and online are from puppy mills—even though the sellers promote themselves as “responsible” breeders or promise “home-raised” puppies.

To help stop this cycle of cruelty, choose to adopt your next pet from a shelter or rescue group, or by purchasing a dog only from a responsible breeder who will show you where the puppy—and its mother—were born and raised.

Source: The Humane Society of the United States

Dogs and cats are the most common household pets. While on occasion, you’ll see someone walking a cat on a leash or a dog that uses a litter box, typically the needs and natural behaviors of dogs and cats are different:

Indoors or outdoors

Cats: House cats do enjoy being outdoors sometimes, but can wander off.

Dogs: Dogs need daily exercise and walks outdoors. Even if you have a large, fenced backyard where they can run and go to the bathroom, they will still need a daily walk.

Cats: Essential training of cats usually includes using the litter box and not clawing furniture. Cats resist training.

Dogs: Dogs need much more training than cats. Most dogs enjoy training, because it gives them something to do. They also have an innate desire to please their people.

Personality

Cats: If you love serenity and independence mixed with playfulness, a cat is more likely to satisfy you.

Dogs: If you want to be greeted exuberantly every time you come home, a dog is a better choice.

[Read: Choosing the Right Cat]

Sociability

Cats: Cats are often content to be left alone (except, of course, when you’d rather they leave you alone).

Dogs: Dogs tend to thrive on interaction with humans and other dogs.

If you don’t have the time, money, or ability to own a pet full-time, there are still ways you can experience the health benefits of being around animals. Even short periods spent with a dog or cat can benefit both you and the animal.

You can ask to walk a neighbor’s dog, for example, or volunteer at an animal shelter. Most animal shelters or rescue groups welcome volunteers to help care for homeless pets or assist at adoption events. You’ll not only be helping yourself, but also helping to socialize and exercise the animals, making them more adoptable.

Some animal shelters and rescue groups offer pet “rental” programs. Dogs and cats that are available for adoption can be taken out for walks or play dates. You can also foster an animal temporarily until a permanent home is found for him, or to decide if the animal is right for you.

A variety of different organizations offer specially trained therapy dogs and cats to visit children’s hospitals, assisted living facilities, nursing homes, hospice programs, shelters, and schools. During these visits, people are invited to pet and stroke the animals, which can improve mood and reduce stress and anxiety.

More Information

Christian, H., Wood, L., Nathan, A., Kawachi, I., Houghton, S., Martin, K., & McCune, S. (2016). The association between dog walking, physical activity and owner’s perceptions of safety: Cross-sectional evidence from the US and Australia. BMC Public Health , 16(1), 1010. Link
Clements, H., Valentin, S., Jenkins, N., Rankin, J., Baker, J. S., Gee, N., Snellgrove, D., & Sloman, K. (2019). The effects of interacting with fish in aquariums on human health and well-being: A systematic review. PLOS ONE , 14(7), e0220524. Link
Cracknell, D., White, M. P., Pahl, S., Nichols, W. J., & Depledge, M. H. (2016). Marine Biota and Psychological Well-Being: A Preliminary Examination of Dose–Response Effects in an Aquarium Setting. Environment and Behavior , 48(10), 1242–1269. Link
Fritz, C. L., Farver, T. B., Kass, P. H., & Hart, L. A. (1995). Association with Companion Animals and the Expression of Noncognitive Symptoms in Alzheimerʼs Patients: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 183(7), 459–463. Link
Johnson, R. A., & Meadows, R. L. (2010). Dog-Walking: Motivation for Adherence to a Walking Program. Clinical Nursing Research , 19(4), 387–402. Link
Kushner, R. F., Blatner, D. J., Jewell, D. E., & Rudloff, K. (2006). The PPET Study: People and Pets Exercising Together*. Obesity , 14(10), 1762–1770. Link
Levine, G. N., Allen, K., Braun, L. T., Christian, H. E., Friedmann, E., Taubert, K. A., Thomas, S. A., Wells, D. L., & Lange, R. A. (2013). Pet Ownership and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation , 127(23), 2353–2363. Link
Martin, F., Bachert, K. E., Snow, L., Tu, H.-W., Belahbib, J., & Lyn, S. A. (2021). Depression, anxiety, and happiness in dog owners and potential dog owners during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. PLOS ONE , 16(12), e0260676. Link
Mubanga, M., Byberg, L., Egenvall, A., Ingelsson, E., & Fall, T. (2019). Dog Ownership and Survival After a Major Cardiovascular Event: A Register-Based Prospective Study. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes , 12(10), e005342. Link
Saunders, J., Parast, L., Babey, S. H., & Miles, J. V. (2017). Exploring the differences between pet and non-pet owners: Implications for human-animal interaction research and policy. PLOS ONE , 12(6), e0179494. Link
The Power of Pets | NIH News in Health . (n.d.). Retrieved April 6, 2022, from Link
Villafaina-Domínguez, B., Collado-Mateo, D., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Villafaina, S. (2020). Effects of Dog-Based Animal-Assisted Interventions in Prison Population: A Systematic Review. Animals , 10(11), 2129. Link
Westgarth, C., Christley, R. M., Jewell, C., German, A. J., Boddy, L. M., & Christian, H. E. (2019). Dog owners are more likely to meet physical activity guidelines than people without a dog: An investigation of the association between dog ownership and physical activity levels in a UK community. Scientific Reports , 9(1), 5704. Link
The Humane Society of the United States. “Stopping Puppy Mills.” Accessed March 28, 2023. Link

More in Pets

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How a cat can improve your health and happiness

Grieving the loss of a dog, cat, or other beloved pet

Here’s how walking with your pooch can benefit you as well

Finding the right emotional support animal

Bringing home your new furry friend

Choosing the Right Dog

Find your perfect canine friend

Choosing the Right Cat

Find your perfect feline friend

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The Importance of Pets in Our Lives

We’ve all heard people who say that pets are “just” animals, as though somehow they’re not important in our lives. These people have likely never owned a loyal dog or loving cat and their words couldn’t be further from the truth. Most pet owners will know how wonderful owning an animal can be; they will understand the companionship and how beautiful bonds can be formed between animal and human.

The benefits to owning a pet are endless.

They’re Good For Your Health

Did you know that it has been scientifically proven that stroking an animal can greatly reduce your stress levels? If you spend around 15 minutes petting your favorite cat or dog, your body will release the following natural “feel good” hormones: oxytocin, prolactin and serotonin. It also lowers your cortisol, which is the body’s natural stress hormone. Not only will this send your body into a relaxed state, but it can also lower your blood pressure by 10% too. If you own a dog, then you will have to walk it at least once or twice a day which means you will be getting vital fresh air and exercise while having the opportunity to connect with nature and bond with your four-legged friend.

They Give You Unconditional Love

Animals do not ask for much in life, and most just need a warm, safe and sheltered place to live, as well as adequate food, water and exercise. In return they will give you unconditional love, loyalty and companionship. Dogs are a little more well known to offer unconditional love; cats can be a little fickle! But having a furry friend means you will always have a little living being, waiting patiently for you at home and ready to welcome you with a wagging tail or a purr.

They Offer Emotional Support

It’s incredible just how much support an animal can bring to your life. As MyPetNeedsThat mentions, if you are particularly vulnerable or have special needs then there are certain dog breeds that are perfect at providing emotional and physical support. A dog or cat can help with loneliness, give you companionship and someone to talk to, and sit with you during the evenings. Pets can be lifesavers when it comes to depression and grief. They can give you a sense of purpose and a reason to get out of bed when you are feeling particularly depressed or anxious. Animals such as cats and dogs can have a deeply calming effect on humans and can often pick up on their owner’s moods: snuggling up to you when you are feeling sad or licking your hands if they sense that you have anxiety.

Owning a pet can open up your world. If you have a dog, then you will have to walk it daily, which means that you will have interactions with other dog owners and walkers too. This can help with loneliness in people who find it difficult to make friends.

Playing with a cat or a dog can take your mind away from your problems and place you in the “here and now.” This is basic mindfulness and wonderful for mental health.

In summary, owning a pet will change your life and bring you so much joy and love. They help us gain a sense of responsibility, show us unconditional love, and are always there when we need them. Dogs are more high maintenance but bring many different health benefits, whereas cats, rabbits and gerbils are easy to look after, need little exercise and give our lives new meaning and purpose.

–by Katie Reeves Katie is owner of MyPetNeedsThat , an online resource for pet owners.

3 Comments . Leave new

I’m glad you talked about how we could benefit from having a pet in our family! Recently, my wife and I started thinking about adding a puppy to our family! We believe our kids will love to have a furry friend running around the house, so we’ll be sure to look into it! Thanks for the advice on how dogs love you unconditionally! https://championgsd.com

Emotional support animals contribution in a happy & healthy life.

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Essay on Having a Pet

Students are often asked to write an essay on Having a Pet in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Having a Pet

Introduction.

Having a pet is a joyous experience. Pets are not just animals; they become a part of our family, bringing happiness and companionship.

The Joy of Having Pets

Pets offer unconditional love and loyalty. They’re always there to cheer us up, making our lives more enjoyable. Playing with pets can also relieve stress.

Pets Teach Responsibility

Having a pet teaches responsibility. Pets need care and attention, teaching us about commitment and empathy.

Health Benefits of Pets

Pets can be good for our health too. Walking a dog encourages exercise, and stroking a cat can lower blood pressure.

In conclusion, having a pet is a rewarding experience that brings joy, teaches responsibility, and promotes health.

250 Words Essay on Having a Pet

The companionship of pets.

Pets have long been regarded as man’s best friend, providing companionship, loyalty, and emotional support. They are not just animals, but rather an integral part of our lives, enriching our experiences and teaching us about empathy, responsibility, and unconditional love.

Psychological Benefits

Research has indicated that having a pet can significantly reduce stress levels and improve mental health. The simple act of petting an animal can trigger the release of endorphins, creating a sense of calm and happiness. Furthermore, pets can alleviate feelings of loneliness, providing a sense of purpose and companionship.

Physical Health and Well-being

Pets, particularly dogs, require regular exercise, which inadvertently encourages their owners to lead more active lifestyles. This can result in improved cardiovascular health, reduced obesity rates, and overall better physical health.

Teaching Responsibility and Empathy

Having a pet is a long-term commitment that requires responsibility. Feeding, grooming, and caring for a pet can teach individuals, especially young adults, about responsibility. Moreover, pets can help develop empathy as we learn to understand and cater to their needs.

In essence, having a pet is a rewarding experience that offers numerous benefits. It is a relationship that goes beyond the physical realm, touching upon emotional and psychological aspects. Despite the challenges and responsibilities that come with pet ownership, the invaluable lessons and companionship they offer make it a worthwhile endeavor.

500 Words Essay on Having a Pet

The joy and responsibility of having a pet.

Pets, in many ways, can be considered as an extension of our family. They provide companionship, emotional support, and can even contribute to improved physical health. However, owning a pet also comes with significant responsibilities and potential challenges.

The Psychological Benefits of Pet Ownership

The psychological benefits of having a pet are well-documented. Research indicates that pets can help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Their constant companionship can alleviate feelings of loneliness and isolation, fostering a sense of belonging and purpose. For instance, the act of petting a dog or a cat has been shown to release oxytocin, a hormone associated with stress reduction and mood enhancement.

Physical Health Advantages

Beyond mental health, pets also contribute to physical health. Regular walks with a dog, for example, promote cardiovascular health and fitness. Pets can also help their owners maintain a regular sleep schedule, as they typically require feeding, exercise, and bathroom breaks at consistent times.

Life Skills Acquired

Owning a pet can also impart valuable life skills, particularly for young adults. The responsibility of caring for another living being can foster empathy, compassion, and responsibility. It also provides an opportunity to learn about the cycle of life and death, helping to develop emotional resilience.

The Challenges of Pet Ownership

Despite these benefits, pet ownership is not without its challenges. The financial costs can be significant, encompassing food, veterinary care, grooming, and potential property damage. Pets also require time and attention, which can be difficult for busy individuals or families. Moreover, pets can limit spontaneity, as their needs often require planning and cannot be easily delegated.

Choosing the Right Pet

Choosing the right pet is a crucial step in ensuring a positive pet ownership experience. This decision should be based on lifestyle, living situation, financial capability, and personal preference. For example, a dog may be a poor choice for someone with a busy schedule or limited living space, while a cat or a fish may be a more suitable option.

In conclusion, owning a pet can be a rewarding experience, offering numerous psychological and physical health benefits. However, it is not a decision to be taken lightly, as pets require significant time, attention, and financial resources. Prospective pet owners should carefully consider their lifestyle and capabilities before welcoming a pet into their home. Ultimately, the joy and companionship pets offer can greatly enrich our lives, making the challenges worthwhile.

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ELTEC English

Teaching ielts students., ielts essay task 2: pet ownership’s advantages and disadvantages.

Many people keep dogs and cats as companions. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pet ownership for the animals involved and for the community as a whole.

40 minutes, 250 words at least.

IELTS loves asking questions on ANIMALS/ Wild Life. Please go through the following links to go through more such essays.

Animal Species Facing Extinction .

Animal Rights

Introduction: (Introduce the topic and MENTION a few advantages and disadvantages that you’ll EXPLAIN in the body paragraphs.)

Pets are a man’s best friend. Not only do they give a company to a lonely person but also protect the owner as well as the property . However, keeping a pet has several disadvantages ranging from the threat of diseases in the event of non-vaccination to disturbance to the neighbors .

Body Paragraph 1: (Advantages)

Research has proven that the company of a dog or a cat keeps psychological problems such as depression away. These animals keep a person busy and give love and affection that increase overall happiness. These animals also help fight anxiety, inactivity and encourage exercise and playfulness. In many cases, people who did not own a pet reported better blood pressure and lower cholesterol once they owned a pet. Moreover, dogs are extremely possessive of their owner as well as property. They guard the house against any external threat or interference. Thus keeping pets is very helpful for households with children or old people.

Body Paragraph 2: (Disadvantages)

However, pet ownership is not an easy job. Animals are often the source of many diseases such as asthma. The saliva and fur of a dog or a cat are a source of various diseases. Worse, a bite of a dog which is not properly vaccinated can cause life-threatening diseases as well. Keeping a check on a pet’s diseases is an extremely difficult job. Furthermore, dogs are sometimes a source of disturbance during the night. Many people have reported dog howling and barking at night as a severe form of stress.

Conclusion (Conclude with future and/or impact. You can state your opinion as well.)

In conclusion, despite several drawbacks of keeping a pet, animals such as a dog are extremely beneficial in dealing with stresses and insecurities of a modern lifestyle. They are not only good friends but also an excellent protector from any possible threat.

Please feel free to ask any questions in the comments section.

Here is a student’s essay on this topic along with corrections. Let us learn from each other’s mistakes.

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1 reply »

Can you please rate this article as well. I mean, it would be great to mention the projector score of this essay. Thanks

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Benefits of Having a Pet

A pet is regarded as any animal kept by human beings to act as a source of pleasure and companionship. Generally, they are kept because of the pleasure they tend to give to the owners; often, especially with dogs, horses, and cats, the pleasure is mutual. Therefore, pet keeping is described as a symbiotic relationship, which typically means that both the pet and the humans possessing the animal enjoy the benefits. It has been practiced from the pre-historic era up to date that pets are always found in every culture and society as they play a vital role in satisfying human needs. In addition, the history of pets is often intertwined with the animal domestication process, and the dog was the first domesticated species hence making it the first pet. However, according to Enders-Slegers and Hediger, keeping some of these animals as pets is detrimental to human health if certain elements and qualifications are not achieved (260). Generally, domesticated animals are significant since they motivate their owners to play and exercise, which is effective in lowering the effects of depression and trauma; they also provide security and scare away rodents.

Pet keeping plays a vital role in improving human health as it carries positive things related to health. In the United States of America, dogs are the most kept and popular pets, with 78 million dogs apart from cats (While 334). In most scenarios, walking with a dog is interesting; hence, possessing it may influence an individual to have spare time to walk around, therefore, promoting physical fitness (Enders-Slegers and Hediger 260). For instance, if an individual gets 150 minutes of bodily exercise weekly, they will reduce the risks of getting diseases such as breast cancer, diabetes, colon cancer, and heart complications. Playing and running vigorously with a pet is one of the most effective ways of getting fit and healthy. Furthermore, therapy pets or animals also play a critical role in helping blind and diabetic individuals.

Pets also play a significant role in reducing disquiet and stress in children and adults as they feel good and happy around the animals. Interacting with them decreases cortisol levels, which is pressure and anxiety-related hormone that improves the overall wellbeing of human health (While 336). Cats are the most common type of creatures that have been identified as strain and worry relievers. Adopting a pussycat is similar to having a meowing, walking, sassy, and stress reliever. An illustration of this is when individuals come from work tired, they can spend time with the fuzzy feline pet, which makes their body produce stress-relieving hormones, thus facilitating good health.

The cats are also helpful in enabling their owners to keep other animals such as rodents and cockroaches away from the apartment. The security makes it easier for the families to have less worry and concern about the effects of the rats. They emit some toxic chemicals that deter mice from coming into the rooms. The substance is typically found in the cat’s saliva, and they trigger sensory organs found in a mouse hence causing terror. Even if the kitty is not active in killing them, it will passionately protect the house from the harmful intruders from destroying food and any other vital human belongings in the building (Schuurman and Dirke 11). The animals are nuisance pests to a man as they might destroy the stored grains and infrastructure.

Customarily, having rodents in the house is regarded as a definite form of a health risk as they can also spread germs and other bacteria through their contact with food materials. The microbes spread through their urine, droppings, or even their biting. In addition, their burrowing and gnawing behaviors make them destroy clothes and other structures hence making humans uncomfortable. Therefore, having a pet within the compound scares them away, thus enhancing the safety within the apartment. However, this is not an indication that the moggies chase the mice away forever, but when they realize that the cat is around, they will remain in the hidden place hence reducing the damages.

Furthermore, pets make individuals become more responsible and well organized since they require attention and care. Keeping these animals at times is associated with trouble, expenses, which make owning them inconvenient to most people as it requires them to invest time. However, according to Michie et al., this can also make them more accountable as caring for them makes children become aware and more empathetic to the needs and wants of others (25). When youngsters have pets around, they learn to take good care of them hence improving their moral development of loving animals and other creatures. Domesticated animals are regarded as a perfect technique of teaching children about their responsibilities. The daily feeding, exercising, affection, and grooming of cats and dogs helps the young ones know and understand the importance of consistency, obligation, and appreciation for the rewards emerging from owning and keeping pets. This clearly illustrates how pet keeping plays a vital role in teaching children and adults life lessons such as becoming responsible, which is an essential life skill.

In addition, the pets, at times, also act as a source of protection or security. They guard human beings together with everything that they possess. They are a variety of dogs that provide ideal protection to an individual’s home and protect their loved ones. If an individual develops a strong bond or connection with their pooch, it becomes a part of the family, and the doggy’s instinctive need to protect them is established. For example, if an intruder decides to threaten the owner, the dog will react and become more defensive (Wanser and Udell 90). For example, dogs such as German shepherd is effective in providing adequate security to families based on their skills abilities. In addition, guard, protection, and livestock guard dogs are other types of hounds trained to offer protection to the possessors.

In conclusion, it is clear that there are several benefits of pet keeping, and it is often associated with an increase in opportunities to exercise, hence improving human health. In a nutshell, having household animals plays a vital role in keeping rodents away and, most importantly, reducing anxiety and stress associated with their presence in the compound. They also decrease the lonely feeling an individual may encounter due to their interactive nature. In addition, pets also offer security and protection to human beings, especially dogs. They are generally trained to protect the owners and notify them when they see intruders. Furthermore, having these animals enables individuals to become more responsible by equipping them with the necessary leadership skills.

Works Cited

Enders-Slegers, Marie-José, and Karin Hediger. “Pet Ownership and Human–Animal Interaction in an Aging Population: Rewards and Challenges.” Anthrozoös, vol. 32, no. 2, 2019, pp. 255-265.

Michie, Craig, et al. “The Internet of Things Enhancing Animal Welfare and Farm Operational Efficiency.” Journal of Dairy Research vol. 87, no. S1, 2020, pp. 20-27.

Schuurman, Nora, and Karin Dirke. “From Pest to Pet. Liminality, Domestication and Animal Agency in the Killing of Rats and Cats.” TRACE∴ Journal for Human-Animal Studies, vol. 6, 2020, pp. 2-25.

Wanser, Shelby H., and Monique AR Udell. “Does Attachment Security to A Human Handler Influence the Behavior of Dogs Who Engage in Animal Assisted Activities?.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 210, 2019, pp. 88-94.

While, Alison. “Pet Dogs as Promoters of Wellbeing.” British Journal of Community Nursing , vol. 22, no. 7, 2017, pp. 332-336.

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Reader's Digest

10 Incredible Benefits of Owning a Pet

Posted: January 12, 2024 | Last updated: January 12, 2024

<p class="listicle-para">One of the benefits of owning a pet? Thinking of your pet as part of the family could help you get over social rejection. A study in the journal <em>Anthrozoös</em> asked volunteers to think about a past experience when they’d felt rejected, then to name a photo of a cat, dog, person, or toy. When asked about their feelings again, those who named an animal or a toy with humanlike qualities felt less negatively than those who’d given names to people. The researchers say people inclined to treat animals or objects like people (like when you talk to your pet) are also more prone to having traits like empathy and unconventional thinking to guard them against that negativity.</p>

Pets help you brush off rejection

One of the benefits of owning a pet? Thinking of your pet as part of the family could help you get over social rejection. A study in the journal Anthrozoös asked volunteers to think about a past experience when they’d felt rejected, then to name a photo of a cat, dog, person, or toy. When asked about their feelings again, those who named an animal or a toy with humanlike qualities felt less negatively than those who’d given names to people. The researchers say people inclined to treat animals or objects like people (like when you talk to your pet) are also more prone to having traits like empathy and unconventional thinking to guard them against that negativity.

<p class="listicle-para">Loneliness has been associated with heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other negative outcomes, but older adults who owned pets were 36 percent less likely to say they were lonely than those who didn’t have a furry friend, according to a study published in <em>Aging & Mental Health</em>. Especially among those who live alone, a pet could offer social interaction when other people aren’t around, the authors report. Here are <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/dog-knows-about-you/">13 astounding secrets your dog knows about you</a>.</p>

Pets make you less lonely

Loneliness has been associated with heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other negative outcomes, but older adults who owned pets were 36 percent less likely to say they were lonely than those who didn’t have a furry friend, according to a study published in Aging & Mental Health . Especially among those who live alone, a pet could offer social interaction when other people aren’t around, the authors report. Here are 13 astounding secrets your dog knows about you .

<p class="listicle-para">A small Swedish study found that female volunteers had lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol 15 to 30 minutes after petting a pooch. Having your own dog could give you even more benefits. Participants who owned dogs had increased levels of the happy hormone oxytocin between one and five minutes later, and their heart rates were lower up to an hour later—but those without canines of their own didn’t get those same benefits. Find a fix to <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/how-to-solve-the-most-common-pet-behavioral-problems/">these common pet behavior problems</a> to strengthen your bond.</p>

Pets provide major buffer against stress

A small Swedish study found that female volunteers had lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol 15 to 30 minutes after petting a pooch. Having your own dog could give you even more benefits. Participants who owned dogs had increased levels of the happy hormone oxytocin between one and five minutes later, and their heart rates were lower up to an hour later—but those without canines of their own didn’t get those same benefits.

<p class="listicle-para">Owning a cat could lower your risk of dying from heart disease, a study in the <em>Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology</em> reports. The researchers found that those who said they’d owned a cat at some point in their lives had a lower risk of dying of a heart attack during the 20-year study than those who’d never owned one. Cats might help relax people during stress, or cat owners might tend to have traits that make them less at-risk, the study authors say. Find out more <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/how-to-decode-your-cats-behavior/">things you didn't know about your cat</a>.</p>

Pets protect your heart

Owning a cat could lower your risk of dying from heart disease, a study in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology reports. The researchers found that those who said they’d owned a cat at some point in their lives had a lower risk of dying of a heart attack during the 20-year study than those who’d never owned one. Cats might help relax people during stress, or cat owners might tend to have traits that make them less at-risk, the study authors say. Find out more things you didn't know about your cat .

<p class="listicle-para">Research published in <em>Anthrozoös</em> found that older homebound adults who owned cats or dogs had better executive function (the skills you need to pay attention, remember details, and use past experience to decide how to act) than those who didn’t own a pet. Plus, check out these <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/smart-dogs/">13 simple ways to tell if your dog is smart</a>, too.</p>

Pets help keep your brain sharp

Research published in Anthrozoös found that older homebound adults who owned cats or dogs had better executive function (the skills you need to pay attention, remember details, and use past experience to decide how to act) than those who didn’t own a pet. Plus, check out these 13 simple ways to tell if your dog is smart , too.

<p class="listicle-para">Of course your pup needs walks, but that stroll is good for your health too—and dog owners don’t just use those jaunts to replace the exercise they’d do otherwise. A Michigan State University study found that one of the benefits of owning a pet are that people who own dogs exercise about half an hour more per week than those who don’t live with a dog. Our pets protect us from seen, and unseen, dangers. Read the incredible true stories of <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/hero-pets/">hero pets</a> shared by our readers.</p>

Pets encourage you to get more exercise

Of course your pup needs walks, but that stroll is good for your health too—and dog owners don’t just use those jaunts to replace the exercise they’d do otherwise. A Michigan State University study found that one of the benefits of owning a pet are that people who own dogs exercise about half an hour more per week than those who don’t live with a dog. Our pets protect us from seen, and unseen, dangers. Read the incredible true stories of hero pets shared by our readers.

<p class="listicle-para">The benefits of having a dog don't stop with walking. Spending time with your pet might help keep you off pain meds. A study in <em>Anthrozoös</em> found that adults who spent five to 15 minutes with a dog after joint replacement surgery used less pain medication than those who didn’t have animal-assisted therapy. Make sure you know these <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/50-things-your-vet-wont-tell-you/" rel="noopener noreferrer">things your veterinarian won't tell you</a>.</p>

Pets ease your pain

The benefits of having a dog don't stop with walking. Spending time with your pet might help keep you off pain meds. A study in Anthrozoös found that adults who spent five to 15 minutes with a dog after joint replacement surgery used less pain medication than those who didn’t have animal-assisted therapy. Make sure you know these things your veterinarian won't tell you .

<p class="listicle-para">Babies with pets in the house are less likely to develop allergies later in life, according to a study in <em>Clinical & Experimental Allergy</em>. The study found that 18-year-olds who’d had a cat or dog in the family when they were less than a year old were about half as likely to be allergic to that animal as those who didn’t have an animal in the house. But early-life exposure is key—adopting a pet later as an adult won’t help your immune system in the same way. Here are <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/dog-superpowers/">11 more superpowers your dog has</a>.</p>

Pets make your kid less likely to have allergies

Babies with pets in the house are less likely to develop allergies later in life, according to a study in Clinical & Experimental Allergy . The study found that 18-year-olds who’d had a cat or dog in the family when they were less than a year old were about half as likely to be allergic to that animal as those who didn’t have an animal in the house. But early-life exposure is key—adopting a pet later as an adult won’t help your immune system in the same way. Here are 11 more superpowers your dog has .

<p class="listicle-para">Nine- to 19-year-olds who help take care of a pet are better at managing type 1 diabetes than those who aren’t responsible for a pet, according to a small study in the journal <em>PLoS ONE</em>. Kids who actively cared for a pet—not just saying they loved the family’s cat or dog—were 2.5 times more likely to keep up healthy blood sugar levels, the study found. The authors say kids who are in charge of pets might feel more responsible and be more used to routines.</p>

Pets might help your child take better care of her blood sugar

Nine- to 19-year-olds who help take care of a pet are better at managing type 1 diabetes than those who aren’t responsible for a pet, according to a small study in the journal PLoS ONE . Kids who actively cared for a pet—not just saying they loved the family’s cat or dog—were 2.5 times more likely to keep up healthy blood sugar levels, the study found. The authors say kids who are in charge of pets might feel more responsible and be more used to routines.

<p>One of the incredible benefits of owning a pet might be in their ability to help detect cancer. According to a study published in <em><a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110131194319.htm" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">British Medical Journal</a>, </em>dogs can accurately sniff out early stage bowel cancer with a surprisingly high degree of accuracy. A specifically trained Labrador completed 74 sniff tests, comprised of breath and stool samples. With these tests, the dog was able to correctly identify which samples were cancerous in 33 of 36 breath tests and 37 of 38 stool tests. Scientists indicate that there is also additional research and anecdotal evidence of dogs being able to accurately sniff out other forms of cancer as well, such as bladder, skin, lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. Next, here are <a href="https://www.rd.com/list/pet-secrets/">50 secrets your pet won't tell you</a>.</p>

Pets can help fight cancer

One of the incredible benefits of owning a pet might be in their ability to help detect cancer. According to a study published in British Medical Journal , dogs can accurately sniff out early stage bowel cancer with a surprisingly high degree of accuracy. A specifically trained Labrador completed 74 sniff tests, comprised of breath and stool samples. With these tests, the dog was able to correctly identify which samples were cancerous in 33 of 36 breath tests and 37 of 38 stool tests. Scientists indicate that there is also additional research and anecdotal evidence of dogs being able to accurately sniff out other forms of cancer as well, such as bladder, skin, lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. Next, here are 50 secrets your pet won't tell you .

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An illustration showing a birder standing quietly looking through binoculars in four scenes. In the third scene, he says, “Amazing.”

To the Editor:

Re “ Birds Open Our Eyes and Ears ,” by Ed Yong (Opinion guest essay, March 31):

Mr. Yong has written a marvelous article that will resonate with many birders, especially in these troubled times. Many are the mornings when I’ve put aside reading the news in favor of watching the birds at my home in southeast Arizona.

To Mr. Yong’s article I would add that seeking and identifying new birds are wonderful ways to experience the world. Spending time getting to know the birds you’ve already seen can be equally fulfilling, if not even more so.

People who don’t have the luxury of traveling to find exotic species need not feel deprived; they can find fulfillment creating a songbird habitat in their backyard.

Craig Coray Patagonia, Ariz.

Thank you for the wonderful birding article. I too have become obsessive, and I am learning the names of different birds.

The positive healthy aspects of birding are obvious, but people should not just get to know birds, but also think about their safety and their food. Sanctuary and breeding grounds are being depleted around the world. Shorelines are being paved and water conditions are subpar.

Birds are not just for us to enjoy, enhancing our photo albums or improving our species lists. Stay a distance from their habitats, and don’t let your dog or cat tread on them. Get protected glass for buildings. Think of birds as precious, not as a game for humans.

Susan McHale Greenwich, Conn.

I enjoyed Ed Yong’s piece about becoming a birder. He didn’t mention some of the special joys in birding: introducing others to the pleasures of really experiencing birds; sharing a handful of seed with a child so chickadees will alight on small, outstretched fingers; taking the blue-haired receptionist out to see the red crown of a pileated woodpecker; installing a feeder for hummingbirds in a seniors’ residence.

The wonders of nature are naturally wonderful.

Susan Lindenberger White Rock, British Columbia

Ed Yong’s piece is beautiful, and I hope it inspires people to respect not just birds in the wild, but all avian species as well.

Over eight billion chickens, turkeys and ducks are brutalized and killed in America’s industrialized food system per year, and they are no less worthy of consideration than the rarest of birds spotted in the wild.

In the words of Jane Goodall: “Farm animals feel pleasure and sadness, excitement and resentment, depression, fear and pain. They are far more aware and intelligent than we ever imagined.”

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Re “ Unlikely Personal Alliances on the Supreme Court ,” by Stephen Breyer (Opinion guest essay, April 4):

I am glad that Justice Breyer had a cordial relationship with the justices with whom he served on the Supreme Court. I, too, have friends with whom I disagree. However, there are times when friendship and reaching a consensus are quite beside the point.

We are living through a period of discord in the nation perhaps not seen since the Civil War. Hard-won rights are being disassembled before our eyes.

Our Capitol was attacked by a mob that threatened the peaceful transfer of power in the last presidential election. A president twice impeached escaped conviction because of the radicalization of his political party. Antisemitism is rampant in a way not seen since the 1930s and ’40s.

The Supreme Court has lost the trust of the American people. This is not only a crisis for the court but, more important, for the rule of law in general.

Civility is a two-way street. Moreover, there are times when it is more important to stand firm on principles whatever the cost to civility. We are living through such a time.

Bruce Neuman Water Mill, N.Y.

Please send Justice Stephen Breyer’s wisdom to all members of our Congress. For some it is not needed. For some, a gentle reminder. For a few, a whole new concept.

P.S. The same for candidates for president.

Stalky Lehman Orange, Calif.

Re “ ’24 Candidates Guard Details About Health ” (front page, April 5):

The history of the health of U.S. presidents and presidential candidates, which I study, offers a master class in secrecy and deception.

The American people learned only long after the fact of Grover Cleveland’s oral cancer, Franklin Roosevelt’s paralysis and Lyndon Johnson’s secret surgery to remove a skin tumor, while Jimmy Carter’s hemorrhoids remained a private matter until they were revealed to the public by President Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt.

Doctors treating former Senator Paul Tsongas, a lymphoma survivor and a serious contender for the presidency in 1992, overtly lied in claiming the candidate had been cancer-free since 1986; he was dead of the disease just before what would have been the end of his term.

The notion that Joe Biden and Donald Trump are somehow less forthcoming on medical matters than the majority of their predecessors is misleading. Rather than lament that these men have not released cognitive testing results, one might ask what use such neurological testing would serve.

I have spoken to many voters on this subject over the course of the past year and, although the public may express an interest in such testing, the outcome appears unlikely to change their votes.

Jacob M. Appel New York The writer is a professor of psychiatry and medical education at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

We need to learn which candidates are well qualified for government. Do they understand economics, health care, technology, government and history?

Let’s make standardized tests available for voluntary testing. Then we could see who is brave enough to be tested and who understands the important issues. This could help avoid electing politicians who are charming, but inept.

Thomas James Dolan Ionia, Iowa

Re “ Unwrapping Plastic’s Grip on Produce ” (Food, April 3):

While the substitutions cited in Kim Severson’s article offer a positive step to reduce plastic waste, we should also consider reusable and refillable alternatives.

Plastic pollution harms our health, oceans, climate and communities. The solution is to invest in reusable alternatives and phase out unnecessary single-use plastics — starting with plastic foam.

States are noticing the harmful environmental and health effects of foam foodware. Styrene, the building block of plastic foam, is probably carcinogenic, according to the World Health Organization , and is one of the most common plastics found polluting our beaches and coasts.

Last year Delaware became the 11th state to pass a law to reduce plastic foam, and more states should follow this lead. In December, the Farewell to Foam Act, a bill to phase out plastic foam across the country, was introduced in Congress. Americans should call on their elected officials to pass this bill.

Christy Leavitt Washington The writer is campaign director of Oceana.

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Advantages of using the ice block maker for ice block production , sponsored post.

April 17, 2024

Have you ever wondered how the crystal-clear blocks of ice at your favorite bar or restaurant are made? The answer lies in the innovative use of ice block makers. This article explores the advantages of using ice block makers for ice block production. Whether you’re a business owner or a curious consumer, understanding these benefits will surely provide you with fresh insights into the icy world of ice block production.

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An ice block maker is a device designed to produce large volumes of ice in block form efficiently and reliably. Unlike traditional ice-making methods that rely on freezing water in static containers, this appliance automates the process, ensuring consistent results every time. The machine works by filling molds with water and then rapidly cooling them to below freezing temperatures, often using advanced refrigeration technology. The size and shape of the ice blocks can vary, depending on the machine’s settings and the molds used, allowing for customization according to specific needs. Ice block makers are widely used in various industries, including hospitality, food preservation, for their ability to produce large quantities of ice quickly and on demand. These devices are particularly valued for their operational efficiency, reducing both water and energy usage compared to older methods. Overall, an ice block maker is an essential tool for any setting where large-scale ice production is needed, offering speed, efficiency, and flexibility in ice manufacturing.

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Environmental Impact

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Blog Competition and Markets Authority

https://competitionandmarkets.blog.gov.uk/2024/04/17/cma10-essay-competition-winners-announced/

CMA10 essay competition: winners announced

We ran an essay competition to mark the 10th anniversary of the CMA . 85 students and recent graduates sent in their entries in response to the question: ‘What are the benefits of a strong competition and/or consumer protection regime, and how can the CMA best deliver them?’

The essays were judged by an eminent panel comprised of Sarah Cardell (Chief Executive of the CMA), Amelia Fletcher CBE (Professor of Competition Policy at Norwich Business School), Richard Whish (Emeritus Professor of Law at King’s College) and Dr Mike Walker (Chief Economist at the CMA).

The winner was Maxwell Curtis , who completed a Masters in Corporate Law from Cambridge in July 2022 and is currently studying at BPP for the Solicitor Qualifying Exams. The judges enjoyed Max’s creativity in presenting his answer as a CMA merger decision.

The 2 runners-up were Alex Christou who is studying economics at Strathclyde University, and Henry Rugg who wrote an essay that caught the eye of the judging panel, despite still being in Year 13 (at Dame Alice Owens' Sixth Form in North London). Henry hopes to study maths and economics at university next year and became interested in the work of the CMA when following Microsoft's acquisition of Activision Blizzard in the news last year and seeing the role that the CMA played in safeguarding consumer interests.

All 3 winners will be joining CMA staff and key figures from the business, consumer, and competition communities at an event on 18 April to make the CMA’s 10th anniversary.

Maxwell's winning essay

Adopting the framework of a CMA merger decision, this essay contends that the CMA, through its expanding statutory powers, can align the interests of consumers and businesses to unlock the competitive potential of ‘UK plc’.

Counterproductively, much of the debate concerning competition law policy is premised on the notion that businesses and consumers are on opposing sides. The polarised political climate is undoubtedly contributing to this false dichotomy. This narrative presents the CMA with a seemingly impossible task to promote the interests of both groups. Much like a football referee, it inevitably faces backlash from all directions.

In reality, like most things in our complex society, the situation is more nuanced. It is not a zero-sum game. Businesses and consumers have many shared interests, which the CMA can foster by promoting a competitive market and enforcing consumer law pragmatically.

The ‘merger’ proposed below sets out how the CMA can best achieve this, ‘clearing’ the way for a reinvigorated UK plc.

Proposed Merger between Consumer and Business Interests in the UK

1. the parties.

The proposed transaction seeks to bring together the interests of the 2 key organs of the economy - consumers and businesses - to establish a more competitive UK plc.

There are approximately 5.6 million private sector businesses in the UK, with 8,000 ‘large’ businesses (employing over 250 staff) (Footnote 1). There are approximately 67 million consumers in the UK (Footnote 2), spending approximately £1.4 trillion annually (Footnote 3). The UK’s share of supply in the global production of goods and services is estimated at 2.17% (Footnote 4).

The interests of consumers and businesses already overlap in many ways. Whilst businesses are legal persons, they are managed by, and employ, natural persons i.e., consumers. Equally, consumers are vital (active and passive) shareholders and stakeholders in business.

2. Background to the Transaction

The proposed transaction would take place at a critical juncture. The UK economy is amidst a cost-of-living crisis, still recovering from the lingering effects of the pandemic. Globally, increased geopolitical conﬂict is threatening the rules-based order and the risks of climate change can no longer be ignored. Adding to this mix is the rapid proliferation of generative AI, which is disrupting all sectors of the economy.

In times of such immense challenge and profound uncertainty, the consequences of anti- competitive markets and unfair business practices are particularly severe. Accordingly, the rationale of this proposed transaction is to optimise the UK’s strong competition and consumer protection regime.

Not only would this deliver tangible beneﬁts for consumers through lower prices (Footnote 5), it would signal that UK plc is, in fact, ‘open for business’.

3. Counterfactual

The counterfactual is a continuation of the partisan discourse of businesses pitted against consumers, distracting from meaningful action to align their interests. The various risks of the status quo are clear:

First, in the absence of a formal co-ordination agreement with the EU, the UK economy would face increasing isolationism from its closest long-term trading partners. There would be a lack of legal certainty, reduced investment and a downward trend in the UK’s global share of supply.

Second, if consumers remain largely unaware of their consumer rights and the CMA’s role in safeguarding these, consumers will continue to feel helpless in seeking redress for misleading and unfair practices. Intervention will also be less impactful.

Third, the merger control process will grow more adversarial and unpredictable, alienating businesses from the outset of the process. Mergers are an important source of innovation due to their combinatorial nature. Too much unpredictability in merger control can disincentivise start-ups and dampen dynamic competition. This could curtail the UK’s potential as an international leader in AI (Footnote 6).

4. Implementation

Considering the counterfactual risks, the proposed transaction involves three key steps which all have as their object (and hopefully their effect) enhanced legal certainty, consumer protection and dynamic competition for UK plc:

4.1 Entering into a formal co-operation agreement with the EU

Exiting the European Competition Network has made it harder for the CMA to share expertise and coordinate investigations with the European Commission and National Competition Authorities. A formal co-operation agreement with the EU would harmonise the institutions and their processes to enhance legal certainty.

Substantively, the agreement could reduce multi-jurisdictional divergence, for example by including guidance on a uniﬁed approach towards behavioural remedies.

4.2 Improving public awareness of consumer rights and making more targeted interventions

The CMA is poised to signiﬁcantly enhance its consumer protection enforcement, wielding its impending powers under the Digital Markets Competition and Consumers Bill (DMCC).

Regrettably, consumers in the UK remain largely unaware of their consumer rights and how the CMA acts to protect them. If consumers do not know their rights, they cannot identify illegal practices. This proposal calls for the CMA to ramp up its educational function alongside its enforcement. For example, by entering partnerships with consumer advocacy bodies and launching more digital campaigns. With more informed consumers, unfair trading practices could be deterred without the CMA’s involvement. Furthermore, the CMA would intervene in areas where consumers have expressed greatest concerns, leading to more targeted and impactful enforcement.

Ongoing monitoring of potential loopholes is also imperative to effective consumer protection. For example, despite the CMA’s open letter to grocery retailers on unit pricing (Footnote 7), various retailers continue to conceal unit prices for goods which are on ‘special’ through a loyalty scheme.

4.3 Allowing for more meaningful engagement earlier in merger inquiries

A merger inquiry is fundamentally a fact-ﬁnding mission. The process aims to uncover the true rationale behind a transaction and how it is likely to affect consumers. However, much of the process is dominated by lengthy written submissions, and opportunities are limited for in-person meetings with key stakeholders until after substantive decisions have been made. This can result in material facts emerging late in the process, frustrating all parties involved and wasting important public resources.

Opportunities for early engagement would also be enhanced if case teams comprised of staff with (‘in-house’) business experience from a range of different industries. Merging businesses could then exercise their right to be heard more meaningfully, reducing antagonism and leading to more pro-active future engagement with the CMA.

Conclusions

With the imminent introduction of the DMCC, and the emergence of new forms of market power in AI, the proposed transaction would take place at a watershed moment. The CMA’s ability to align consumer and business interests by promoting a well-functioning competitive environment has never been more important.

The CMA has a successful track record of preventing anti-competitive industry consolidation (Footnote 8), sanctioning anti-competitive conduct and championing consumer rights. However, by ‘clearing’ the proposed transaction and adopting the above proposals, the CMA can unleash the competitive potential of a revitalised UK plc.

Crucially, the CMA can achieve this whilst preserving its political independence, which is a hallmark of the UK’s competition and consumer protection regime.

(Footnote 1): Business population estimates for the UK and regions 2023: as of the start of 2023

(Footnote 2): Population estimate as of mid-year 2021.

(Footnote 3): Household ﬁnal consumption expenditure in 2022 .

(Footnote 4): Using ‘2024 GDP based on PPP, share of world’ measured by the IMF as a proxy .

(Footnote 5): In this essay, the term ‘price’ is used as a proxy for various parameters of competition including price, quality and innovation.

(Footnote 6): For example, UK signals step change for regulators to strengthen AI leadership .

(Footnote 7): Summary of consumer research and unit pricing analysis .

(Footnote 8): For example, CMA blocks merger between Sainsbury’s and Asda .

A well done and thank you from the CMA

Congratulations to our winner Maxwell, and our 2 runners-up Alex and Henry for their brilliant essays.

And a thank you to everyone who entered and took part in the competition.

Tags: 10Years , CMA10 , CMAat10 , EssayCompetition , Graduates , WritingCompetition

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MyU : For Students, Faculty, and Staff

Fall 2024 CSCI Special Topics Courses

Cloud computing.

Meeting Time: 09:45 AM‑11:00 AM TTh Instructor: Ali Anwar Course Description: Cloud computing serves many large-scale applications ranging from search engines like Google to social networking websites like Facebook to online stores like Amazon. More recently, cloud computing has emerged as an essential technology to enable emerging fields such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning. The exponential growth of data availability and demands for security and speed has made the cloud computing paradigm necessary for reliable, financially economical, and scalable computation. The dynamicity and flexibility of Cloud computing have opened up many new forms of deploying applications on infrastructure that cloud service providers offer, such as renting of computation resources and serverless computing. This course will cover the fundamentals of cloud services management and cloud software development, including but not limited to design patterns, application programming interfaces, and underlying middleware technologies. More specifically, we will cover the topics of cloud computing service models, data centers resource management, task scheduling, resource virtualization, SLAs, cloud security, software defined networks and storage, cloud storage, and programming models. We will also discuss data center design and management strategies, which enable the economic and technological benefits of cloud computing. Lastly, we will study cloud storage concepts like data distribution, durability, consistency, and redundancy. Registration Prerequisites: CS upper div, CompE upper div., EE upper div., EE grad, ITI upper div., Univ. honors student, or dept. permission; no cr for grads in CSci. Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/6BvbUwEkBK41tPJ17 ).

CSCI 5980/8980

Machine learning for healthcare: concepts and applications.

Meeting Time: 11:15 AM‑12:30 PM TTh Instructor: Yogatheesan Varatharajah Course Description: Machine Learning is transforming healthcare. This course will introduce students to a range of healthcare problems that can be tackled using machine learning, different health data modalities, relevant machine learning paradigms, and the unique challenges presented by healthcare applications. Applications we will cover include risk stratification, disease progression modeling, precision medicine, diagnosis, prognosis, subtype discovery, and improving clinical workflows. We will also cover research topics such as explainability, causality, trust, robustness, and fairness.

Registration Prerequisites: CSCI 5521 or equivalent. Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/z8X9pVZfCWMpQQ6o6 ).

Visualization with AI

Meeting Time: 04:00 PM‑05:15 PM TTh Instructor: Qianwen Wang Course Description: This course aims to investigate how visualization techniques and AI technologies work together to enhance understanding, insights, or outcomes.

This is a seminar style course consisting of lectures, paper presentation, and interactive discussion of the selected papers. Students will also work on a group project where they propose a research idea, survey related studies, and present initial results.

This course will cover the application of visualization to better understand AI models and data, and the use of AI to improve visualization processes. Readings for the course cover papers from the top venues of AI, Visualization, and HCI, topics including AI explainability, reliability, and Human-AI collaboration. This course is designed for PhD students, Masters students, and advanced undergraduates who want to dig into research.

Registration Prerequisites: Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/YTF5EZFUbQRJhHBYA ). Although the class is primarily intended for PhD students, motivated juniors/seniors and MS students who are interested in this topic are welcome to apply, ensuring they detail their qualifications for the course.

Visualizations for Intelligent AR Systems

Meeting Time: 04:00 PM‑05:15 PM MW Instructor: Zhu-Tian Chen Course Description: This course aims to explore the role of Data Visualization as a pivotal interface for enhancing human-data and human-AI interactions within Augmented Reality (AR) systems, thereby transforming a broad spectrum of activities in both professional and daily contexts. Structured as a seminar, the course consists of two main components: the theoretical and conceptual foundations delivered through lectures, paper readings, and discussions; and the hands-on experience gained through small assignments and group projects. This class is designed to be highly interactive, and AR devices will be provided to facilitate hands-on learning. Participants will have the opportunity to experience AR systems, develop cutting-edge AR interfaces, explore AI integration, and apply human-centric design principles. The course is designed to advance students' technical skills in AR and AI, as well as their understanding of how these technologies can be leveraged to enrich human experiences across various domains. Students will be encouraged to create innovative projects with the potential for submission to research conferences.

Registration Prerequisites: Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/Y81FGaJivoqMQYtq5 ). Students are expected to have a solid foundation in either data visualization, computer graphics, computer vision, or HCI. Having expertise in all would be perfect! However, a robust interest and eagerness to delve into these subjects can be equally valuable, even though it means you need to learn some basic concepts independently.

Sustainable Computing: A Systems View

Meeting Time: 09:45 AM‑11:00 AM Instructor: Abhishek Chandra Course Description: In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the pervasiveness, scale, and distribution of computing infrastructure: ranging from cloud, HPC systems, and data centers to edge computing and pervasive computing in the form of micro-data centers, mobile phones, sensors, and IoT devices embedded in the environment around us. The growing amount of computing, storage, and networking demand leads to increased energy usage, carbon emissions, and natural resource consumption. To reduce their environmental impact, there is a growing need to make computing systems sustainable. In this course, we will examine sustainable computing from a systems perspective. We will examine a number of questions: • How can we design and build sustainable computing systems? • How can we manage resources efficiently? • What system software and algorithms can reduce computational needs? Topics of interest would include: • Sustainable system design and architectures • Sustainability-aware systems software and management • Sustainability in large-scale distributed computing (clouds, data centers, HPC) • Sustainability in dispersed computing (edge, mobile computing, sensors/IoT)

Registration Prerequisites: This course is targeted towards students with a strong interest in computer systems (Operating Systems, Distributed Systems, Networking, Databases, etc.). Background in Operating Systems (Equivalent of CSCI 5103) and basic understanding of Computer Networking (Equivalent of CSCI 4211) is required.

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Benefits of Having a Pet: [Essay Example], 425 words
Furthermore, owning a pet can have a positive impact on our physical and mental health. Studies have shown that having a pet can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health. The simple act of petting a dog or cat can release oxytocin, a hormone that promotes feelings of happiness and ...
The Power of Pets
The unconditional love of a pet can do more than keep you company. Pets may also decrease stress, improve heart health, and even help children with their emotional and social skills. An estimated 68% of U.S. households have a pet. But who benefits from an animal? And which type of pet brings health benefits?
How Having a Pet Can Benefit Your Health
Stress relief. You've probably felt a rush of joy scrolling through social media and seeing cute pet photos from friends. Being in the physical presence of an animal is equally good for you ...
The Health Benefits of Owning a Pet
Pets boost their owners' stress resiliency by regularly getting them out of the house, into dog parks, and meeting new people. Frates said, "When we are connected, we actually feel less stress, because we can talk to our family, friends, and other connections about how we're feeling.". Sleep: The regular exercise of walking a dog ...
The Psychological and Physical Benefits of Having a Pet
Petting, holding, or cuddling an animal increases the levels of serotonin and dopamine in our bodies, which are feel-good, calming brain chemicals. As a result of these positive chemical changes ...
Benefits of Having a Pet: Why Keeping Pets Gives You ...
The physical benefits that pets provide have an added bonus: when you feel good on the outside, you tend to feel good on the inside, too! So, the physical benefits that pets provide can double as benefits to your mood and mental health. 3. They Provide Social Support. Pets provide social support by being our best friends.
The benefits of owning a pet
Part of the evidence that's out there that's emerged is that pets actually have physiological changes on people. Your blood pressure goes down. Your blood cortisol, which is a stress hormone, goes down. Another hormone called oxytocin, which is a feel good hormone, goes up. So pets really do have positive benefits on people and can decrease ...
Why owning a pet is good for body and mind
Pet ownership should be recognised as a public health strategy due to the profound benefits for individuals, families and communities, says Steven Feldman Fri 17 Feb 2023 13.42 EST Last modified ...
Essay on Benefits of Having Pets
250 Words Essay on Benefits of Having Pets The Therapeutic Power of Pets. Pets offer more than just companionship. They provide therapeutic benefits, which are particularly significant in today's fast-paced, high-stress world. Studies reveal that interactions with pets can lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of ...
The Benefits of Pets for Human Health
Most pet studies were of people who had a dog or a cat, making it difficult to draw conclusions about health benefits of birds, lizards, fish, or other pets. How much time the person spends with his or her pet could be strongly influenced by the type of pet and in turn could influence the health benefits of having a pet. [17] Temporary Companions
Benefits of pets' ownership, a review based on health perspectives
Abstract. Besides being funny and giving a sense of companionship, owning a pet in your household could have some magical influences on its owners' health. A pet will help to reduce anxiety levels ...
Overview of The Benefits of Having Pets
This paper, based on secondary research, discusses the advantages of raising pets: Enhancing health, Widening relationship, Being more responsibility, Having security. The findings of the research indicate that having or raising pets offers more advantages than disadvantages. Therefore people should have one for themselves.
The Health and Mood-Boosting Benefits of Pets
The benefits of pets for older adults. As well as providing vital companionship, owning a pet can play an important role in healthy aging by helping you to: Find meaning and joy in life. As you age, you'll lose things that previously occupied your time and gave your life purpose. You may retire from your career or your children may move far away.
Pet Ownership and its Benefits: [Essay Example], 502 words
Pet keeping has been found to have numerous benefits for human health. In the United States, dogs are the most popular pets, with millions of households having dogs as companions. The act of walking a dog provides an opportunity for physical exercise, which is essential for reducing the risks of diseases such as breast cancer, diabetes, colon cancer, and heart complications.
The Importance of Pets in Our Lives
This is basic mindfulness and wonderful for mental health. In summary, owning a pet will change your life and bring you so much joy and love. They help us gain a sense of responsibility, show us unconditional love, and are always there when we need them. Dogs are more high maintenance but bring many different health benefits, whereas cats ...
Essay on Having a Pet
Psychological Benefits. Research has indicated that having a pet can significantly reduce stress levels and improve mental health. The simple act of petting an animal can trigger the release of endorphins, creating a sense of calm and happiness. Furthermore, pets can alleviate feelings of loneliness, providing a sense of purpose and companionship.
IELTS Essay Task 2: Pet Ownership's Advantages and Disadvantages
Teaching IELTS Students. IELTS Essay Task 2: Pet Ownership's Advantages and Disadvantages. Many people keep dogs and cats as companions. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pet ownership for the animals involved and for the community as a whole. 40 minutes, 250 words at least. IELTS loves asking questions on ANIMALS/ Wild Life.
Benefits of Having a Pet
In conclusion, it is clear that there are several benefits of pet keeping, and it is often associated with an increase in opportunities to exercise, hence improving human health. In a nutshell, having household animals plays a vital role in keeping rodents away and, most importantly, reducing anxiety and stress associated with their presence in ...
Keeping Pets
Discover the pros and cons of keeping pets in this comprehensive guide. Explore the emotional benefits, health advantages, and lifestyle impact of pet ownership. Make informed decisions and find the perfect companion for your life. Explore alternatives to traditional pet ownership. Embrace responsible pet ownership for a fulfilling and harmonious relationship.
Essay on Pets
Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of 'Pets' in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on the Pets of 400-500 words. This long essay about Pets is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Pets ...
The Pros and Cons of Owning a Pet: 8 Things to Consider
A pet is someone to snuggle with, take walks with, accompany you on car rides, or hang with on the couch. Not to mention, the companionship of a pet can improve your mental health and overall well-being. Pet parents have repeatedly noted that, with a pet around, they have decreased levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. Not only do cats and ...
Why Should Students Get a Pet and How Can It Help Them Study
Immune System Boost: Growing up with pets can improve the immune system, making students less prone to allergies and diseases. Incorporating a pet into your life encourages a healthy lifestyle, fostering physical and mental wellness that supports academic endeavors. 4. Enhancing Study Habits and Concentration.
10 Incredible Benefits of Owning a Pet
1. Q&A : Mental Health. +68. Q&A : Allergy. 1 / 10. Pets help you brush off rejection ©iStock/knape. One of the benefits of owning a pet? Thinking of your pet as part of the family could help you ...
Opinion
To the Editor: Re "Birds Open Our Eyes and Ears," by Ed Yong (Opinion guest essay, March 31): Mr. Yong has written a marvelous article that will resonate with many birders, especially in these ...
Advantages of Using the Ice Block Maker for Ice Block Production
In conclusion, the adoption of ice block makers in various industries offers numerous advantages, including cost-effectiveness, rapid production, superior ice quality, and a positive environmental ...
6 common types of arthritis and related conditions
Arthritis includes more than 100 conditions that affect the joints, tissues around the joint, and other connective tissues. Below are the most common types of arthritis and related conditions. 1. Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. More than 32.5 million Americans have osteoarthritis.
Teachers are using AI to grade essays. Students are using AI to write
Meanwhile, while fewer faculty members used AI, the percentage grew to 22% of faculty members in the fall of 2023, up from 9% in spring 2023. Teachers are turning to AI tools and platforms ...
CMA10 essay competition: winners announced
Lucy Eyre, 17 April 2024 - Life at the CMA. We ran an essay competition to mark the 10th anniversary of the CMA. 85 students and recent graduates sent in their entries in response to the question: 'What are the benefits of a strong competition and/or consumer protection regime, and how can the CMA best deliver them?'.
Fall 2024 CSCI Special Topics Courses
Meeting Time: 04:00 PM‑05:15 PM MW. Instructor: Zhu-Tian Chen. Course Description: This course aims to explore the role of Data Visualization as a pivotal interface for enhancing human-data and human-AI interactions within Augmented Reality (AR) systems, thereby transforming a broad spectrum of activities in both professional and daily contexts.
Try this AI Content Detector before you submit your essays
Benefits of Using the AI Detector Tool. The advantages of integrating the AI Detector into your essay-writing process are multiple. It instills a deep sense of confidence in your writing. Knowing that your work has been thoroughly vetted for originality allows you to submit essays with peace of mind, free from the fear of accidental plagiarism.