presentation present simple tense

Present Simple PPT

Teach the present simple tense with this present simple PPT . This presentation is a PowerPoint lesson about the present simple tense and action verbs. It includes a simple explanation of the present simple tense with examples and pictures. Download this present simple PPT for free and use it in class today. 

For more lesson materials for teaching the simple present tense, check out these related resources: Present Simple Tense Quiz How To Teach The Present Simple Tense Online Present Simple Tense Exercises

• English Grammar
• Present tense

Present simple

Level: beginner

The present tense is the base form of the verb:

I work in London. 

But with the third person singular ( she / he / it ), we add an –s :

She works in London.

Present simple questions

Look at these questions:

Do you play the piano? Where do you live ? Does Jack play football? Where does he come from ? Do Rita and Angela live in Manchester? Where do they work ?

We use do and does to make questions  with the present simple. We use does for the third person singular ( she / he / it ) and do for the others.

We use do and does with question words like where , what and when :

Where do Angela and Rita live ? What does Angela do ? When does Rita usually get up ?

But questions with who often don't use do or does :

Who lives in London? Who plays football at the weekend? Who works at Liverpool City Hospital?

Here are some useful questions. Try to remember them:

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Present simple negatives

Look at these sentences:

I like tennis but I don't like football. (don't = do not) I don't live in London now. I don't play the piano but I play the guitar. They don't work at the weekend. John doesn't live in Manchester. (doesn't = does not) Angela doesn't drive to work. She goes by bus.

We use do and does to make negatives with the present simple. We use doesn't for the third person singular ( she / he / it ) and don't for the others.

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Present simple and present time

We use the present simple to talk about:

• something that is true in the present:

I 'm nineteen years old. I 'm a student. He lives in London.

• something that happens regularly in the present:

I play football every weekend.

• something that is always true:

The human body contains 206 bones. Light travels at almost 300,000 kilometres per second.

We often use adverbs of frequency  like sometimes , always and  never with the present simple:

I sometimes go to the cinema. She never plays football.

Here are some useful sentences. Complete them so that they are true for you and try to remember them:

Complete these sentences so that they are true for a friend and try to remember them:

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Level: intermediate

Present simple and future time

We also use the present simple to talk about:

• something that is fixed in the future:

The school term  starts next week. The train leaves at 19.45 this evening. We fly to Paris next week.

• something in the future after time words like when , after and before and after if and unless :

I'll talk to John when I see him. You must finish your work before you go home. If it rains we'll get wet. He won't come unless you ask him.

ex. Present simple 8

Level: advanced

We sometimes use the present simple to talk about the past when we are: 

• telling a story:

I was walking down the street the other day when suddenly this man comes up to me and tells me he has lost his wallet and  asks me to lend him some money. Well, he looks a bit dangerous so I 'm not sure what to do and while we are standing there  …

• summarising a book, film or play:

Harry Potter goes to Hogwarts School. He has two close friends, Hermione and … Shakespeare's Hamlet is the Prince of Denmark. One night he sees his father's ghost. The ghost tells him he has been murdered  …

Hello, Can you tell me why the present simple is used in the sentence below? I heard from David last night. He says hello.

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Hello Khangvo2812,

You can use the past simple or present simple here. The past simple means 'He said hello to you when I spoke' while the present simple can be understood as 'He says hello to you through me right now.

The LearnEnglish Team

Hello Peter I don't anticipate it stopping means : Most people consider a long time : a month or more than a month and Temporary: a few days or a few weeks can I use What most people consider ?

I'm afraid I don't understand what your question is. Could you please use inverted commas (') around the language that you're asking about? I think that would help me understand.

All the best, Kirk LearnEnglish team

Hello Peter example i study computer engineering i am studying computer engineering you have said before i use simple present if we do not except to change in the near future what does mean near future more than year i use simple present a year or less i use present continuous?

The near future is not a fixed time which we can describe in this way. It is a question of how the speaker sees the action or situation. If the speaker sees the situation as permanent or unlikely to change for what they consider a long time then the present simple will be used. If the speaker sees it as temporary then the present continuous will be used. Sometimes a temporary situation can last year if in the speaker's mind it is going to change at some point. It's not a question of how long but rather how the speaker sees things.

I can say 'I study physics' even though I know the course only lasts four years because I don't anticipate it stopping. I can say 'I'm living in London' even if I think I'll be in London for a decade because I don't see it as my home but rather a place I'm in for a certain time. It's a question of perspective and it's subjective.

In the Simple Present Tense, we often use 'do' and 'does' as auxiliary verbs to emphasize positive sentences and commands. For example, 'I do speak' and 'He does come' However, when 'do' is used as a main verb, can we also use 'do' or 'does' for emphasis in sentences like- I do do. He does do. And similarly, can we use 'do' for emphasis in commands like- Do do.

I'd like to understand if 'do' and 'does' can be used to emphasize when 'do' is functioning as a main verb, such as 'I do my homework' or 'He does the dishes.'

Is it common to use 'do' and 'does' for emphasis in such sentences?

Additionally, can they be used in commands like- Do do your work

I am aware that these sentences may not be typical in daily conversation, but I am inquiring about their grammatical usage.

Kesari Prakash, Maharashtra, India.

Hi Prakash,

Yes, it is grammatically fine, including in commands (imperatives). As you suspected, these sentences sound a bit unusual because of the double "do", but they are grammatical.

I should mention that "do" as a main verb requires an object or a complement, so the first set of sentences should be something like:

• I do do (well).
• He does do (a good job).
• Do do (that).

I hope that helps.

LearnEnglish team

Could you please explain the grammatical differences between the following sentences:

'It is a bus.' 'There is a bus.' 'There goes the bus!' Additionally, could you clarify the grammatical roles of the words 'there' and 'bus' in these sentences? Specifically, are they considered dummy subjects, subjects, adverbs of place, or nouns?

Hi Prakash,

Sure, I'll try to help.

It is a bus  - in this sentence, the speaker/writer is identifying something ("It"). "It" is a dummy subject.

There is a bus  - "There" is an adverb, introducing the subject of the sentence "a bus". The normal word order of the sentence is inverted.

There goes the bus  - "There" is an adverb of place. It indicates a particular place or space (while in the previous sentence, in the most common use of "There is", "There" indicates the existence of something, with a weaker meaning of pointing to a particular place or space). The normal word order is inverted too. The subject is "the bus".

Hello, Which grammatical construction should I use in video tutorials? I mean knitting tutorials, where I show how to knit step by step. Is it correct to use Present Simple in tutorials and video instructions? For example: «I just cut it in two places, here and here, to have such tails, and after this I make 9 loops with the needles...» I've met people using Present Simple and/or Going To in their tutorials. Why nobody uses Present Continuous without Going To in the tutorials?

Hi chonburi,

Grammatically, there's no problem with using present continuous to explain what you are doing in that moment ( I'm cutting here ... I'm looping it ... ). The present continuous focuses on what's happening at a particular moment.

But since you probably have many steps to make the final product, it would be unusual to use the present continuous to focus on every single step. It's more usual to use the present simple to describe a sequence of actions like this. But, while mainly using the present simple, you can also use present continuous at particular times to emphasise important moments or actions.

Does that make sense?

Yes, that makes sense. Thank you very much for your help!

Can I use the present simple to describe what I see in an image? Not just the facts, but even the actions in progress at the time the photograph was taken?

Hello CarolinaRuiz,

My sense is that we typically use the present continuous to describe an image, unless we're using link or stative verbs.

Imagine an image of a family having a picnic on the grass in a park. We'd typically say things like 'The mother is giving the children some fruit', 'The father is arranging the blanket', 'The girl is drinking some water' to describe actions -- note all the present continuous forms here. But we do also use the present simple quite a bit, e.g. 'The boy looks hungry', 'The father is happy', 'The girl wants to play football', etc. These are all stative or link verbs.

But of course if we're talking about an image of a picnic we were at some time in the past, we'd probably use a range of past tense forms.

In a speaking exam where we're asked to speculate what will happen next in an image, we of course would use appropriate forms there as well.

Hope this answers your question. If not, please let us know.

Hello, Kirk.

Yes, it answered my question. Thank you!!

OK, thanks for confirming! Best wishes

Could you please help me with the following:

1. From today, they take their exams. (Their exams started today and will continue for about two weeks). Is Present Simple correct here? Or have I to day "From today, they have taken/have been taking their exams" or "From today they are taking their exams"?

2. I've seen the following sentence on BBC website: "Goalkeeper signs new three-and-a-half-year Bristol City deal". Could you please explain why Present Simple is used here? Is "will sign" or "is going to sign" possible here?

Thank you so much for your help! I appreciate it a lot! And I'm grateful for the answer to this post beforehand!

Hello howtosay_,

1. The present simple is fine here. The exams are a scheduled event and the present simple is appropriate for this. You could use other forms. Will be taking is often used for expected events or actions, and are taking is also possible for arrangements. Will take is possible but would suggest a decision being taken by the speaker rather than a description of the situation. The present perfect does not work here as it suggests an action which began in the past and continues to the present, not one beginning in the present and extending into the future.

2. The present simple is very common in news headline. If you look at the article you will see other verb forms used in the main body, such as present perfect and past simple.

Sir, could you please answer me which one is correct? 1.When I have breakfast, my mom prepares my lunch. 2.When I am having breakfast, my mom prepares my lunch. Is there have any difference? could you explain me, Sir?

Hello JameK,

The second sentence tells us that your mom prepares your lunch while you are in the process of eating breakfast.

The first sentence is ambiguous. It could mean that your mom waits until you have breakfast and then starts to prepare lunch. Maybe you prepare your breakfast and the kitchen is only available for her to prepare lunch once you sit down to eat, for example. Alternatively, it could mean that on certain days you don't have breakfast and on certain days you do and on the days when you have breakfast your mom prepares your lunch. Without any other context it's not clear.

Thank you Sir.

Hello Sir, thank you so much for your wonderful and practical explenation. I wanted to please ask you about the last part, where you explained about using "Present simple" \ "Present continuous" - when talking about the "past" - when you're telling a story and you want to pull the listener into the moment . In the example story you gave, you used both tenses.

My question is - how sould I know, in this case, when to use in the story the"Present simple" and when the "Present continuous"?

Great, I'm glad you found it useful :)

The present simple is used for the main sequence of events (i.e. the things that happened). The present continuous is used for events which are a background to others, as in the example above ("While we are standing there ..." - it seems that "standing there" was the background action to another action that happened). In that way, the use is similar to the use of the past simple and past continuous in a conventional past narrative.

The present continuous can also be used to heighten even further the effect of being in the moment. Adapting the example above, for example: "Well, he's looking a bit dangerous so I'm not feeling sure ..."

Sir I'm have some questions regarding simple present tense. For example Daniel goes to market or I don't like black coffee. These are simple present but what about these sentences like Tom does work everyday or I do work everyday. Can you explain do and does sentence ? Next one is about questions. For example where do you live ? or where she does live ? these sentences are easy because w form words are used in first place but the problem is with the sentences like. Do you know how to bake a cake ? In this w form word is used in between of the sentence. Sir can you explain this too ?

Hello AbdulBasit1234,

'do' and 'does' work as both auxiliary verbs and as main verbs. For example, in 'Tom does work every day', 'does' is a form of the verb 'do' -- it means to carry out an action. But in questions or negatives, 'do' and 'does' are auxiliary verbs: in 'He doesn't work on Monday', 'doesn't' is an auxiliary verb; 'work' is the main verb. It's also possible for 'do' to be both an auxiliary and a main verb in a sentence where the main verb is 'do': 'He doesn't do much work' ('doesn't' is auxiliary, 'do' is main).

I'm not sure I understand your second question. If you are asking about 'how', 'how to bake a cake' is simple a phrase. A phrase can take the place of a simple noun. For example, we could replace the phrase with a noun like 'Judy' ('Do you know Judy?') and the sentence structure is the same.

All the best, Kirk The LearnEnglish Team

I am a little bit confused about the present tense in short story.

Story: I was walking down the street the other day when suddenly this man comes up to me and tells me he has lost his wallet and asks me to lend him some money. Well, he looks a bit dangerous so I'm not sure what to do and while we are standing there …

I am confused about where it starts with "I was" and then turns to present tense.

Hope you can answer

Hi sxphia_jx,

This is actually quite common in spoken English. Normally, we use past forms for telling stories (narratives). In fact, the verb forms past simple, past continuous, past perfect simple and past perfect continuous are collective sometimes known as 'narrative tenses'. However, when we are recounting a story in a more informal setting (such as telling a joke or a sharing an anecdote), we can use present forms to give a sense of immediacy and to bring the story more to life. As you can see from this text, it's possible to begin with past forms and then switch to present forms for effect.

Present forms can even be used in this way in writing and even in novels. Some well-known examples include One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (Ken Kesey), Bleak House (Charles Dickens) and The Hunger Games (Suzanne Collins).

I have gone through the article on present simple. It is wonderfully written and has covered its different uses.

What I learnt is that it can be used to talk about the scheduled future events, for example: - 1. The school term starts next week. 2. The train leaves at 19:45 this evening. 3. We fly to Paris next week.

I would like to ask whether we can use simple future (instead of simple present) in these type of sentences like 1. The school term will start next week. 2. The train will leave at 19:45 this evening. 3. We will fly to Paris next week.

Is there any difference in the meaning of the above sentences due to replacement of present simple by future simple or do they mean exactly the same?

Hello Mohit,

I'm glad that you found the page useful. I think you'd find the Talking about the future page useful as well, as it compares the different forms most commonly used to speak about the future. It doesn't cover all possible uses, but is definitely quite useful.

In theory, the three sentences with 'will' could be correct in an appropriate situation, but I'm afraid I'm having a hard time thinking of an example for any of them. The present simple ones are much more commonly used.

If you have a specific situation in mind, please let us know.

Hi, I have questions about summarising. Is it possible to write a whole summary ( for example a book ) in past tenses? And why do we use present tenses + past tenses in a summary?

Hello IRaisa,

Yes, it's possible to use past tenses to summarise. People often use present tenses when telling a story because it makes the story seem more alive or more real. The present tense reflects the reality of the listener, who is finding out about the story in the moment they are hearing it.

In a summary, the present can have a similar sense, or it can also have the sense that the story (or film or whatever) is something that is kind of timeless since it can be told at any time. That is, you can read the book now or read it in the future, and other people read it in the past. It might help to think of the story as a building or the sunrise. Both existed yesterday, are happening today, and we expect them to exist or happen again tomorrow. Just as we say 'The sun rises in the morning', we can use a present simple form to tell or summarise a story.

I hope that's helpful (and not more confusing!). In any case, it's OK to use the past to make a summary of a story, but the present is quite commonly used as well.

Thanks, but I still have a question I read a lot of times when somebody connected Present tenses + past tenses for example Barbossa recruits Gibbs, who burns the charts, admitting he memorized every location. Harry deduces that Voldemort is hunting the Elder Wand, which had passed to Dumbledore after he defeated Grindelwald

What is the purpose of that?

In these cases, the past tense shows that those actions happened before the actions in present tense. The present tense is used to narrate the action or 'current' situation in the story, but, as you have noticed, other tenses can be used when it's necessary to refer to other times.

Hello Sir, I have a question – In the following sentence is there any error in 'made it clear' → 'made clear' OR 'poses' → 'pose ' ( as CLIMATE CHANGE and Continued Ecosystem Degradation two nouns are used so we should not add 's/es' in the main verb

Please make it clear Sorry sir, The sentence is: Science has made it clear the adverse impacts that climate change and continued ecosystem degradation poses for the physical world.

Hello Analiza,

The 'it' should be omitted and the verb should be plural: 'Science has made clear the adverse impacts that climate change and continued ecosystem degradation pose for the physical world.'

Sir, cold you explain me this sentence 'give me my book'. Why we use the present simple verb and in what category the verb 'give' belongs to.I mean,is it routine, habit, future, fact?

If this is the full sentence then it is an imperative form. The imperative is used when giving instructions or commands and it is the same as the base form:

Give me my book!

The negative is formed with don't :

Don't go in - the boss is in a meeting.

Don't do that.

Hello I am a fan

Let's say simple present tense is used to describe about the routine or habit of a subject. There is no subject present in the sentence you provided. It is not a sentence of simple present tense instead we can say that it is a sentence of present tense. Hindimadhyam.in

Hi, I'd like to ask about adverbs of frequency. I read on your website ( teens ) we can use them at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. "We can use usually, often, sometimes and occasionally at the beginning of a sentence, and sometimes and often at the end." I watch a movie on youtube and a teacher said we can use them in order to emphasise and de-emphasis. So do we use them at the beginning to emphasis and de-emphasis at the end? What's more I'd like to ask about Definite Adverbs of Frequency. For example Every week, In the morning, weekly we can use at the end and if we put them at the beginning they give more emphasis or are they de-emphasised? In additional, can we use any adverb of frequency at the beginning in questions? And what is the difference if we put a signal word after person and after negative ? Is there any difference? I normally don't watch YouTube I don't normally watch YouTube Can we use occasionally, sometimes after negative? I don't occasionally... I don't sometimes...

As you've already observed, the position of adverbs is quite slippery; they are used in many different ways. Our grammar explanations don't go into all the details because it's generally best to learn the basics first and then beyond that it's usually best to have a teacher explain the more complex cases.

Those are a lot of questions! I'm afraid I can't go into depth on all of them, but, taking your question about adverbs of definite frequency, as I understand it, they generally go in front position when they are not the main focus of the idea. For example, if you say 'Every morning I study for 15 minutes', the main focus is on the fact that it's studying that you do every morning; the focus is not on the fact that it is the morning that you do this, but rather that it is studying that you do.

Does that help?

It's okay. I thank you for the answer

I made a sentence: "My idea is main", could you tell me whether it is wrong or not (Please explain and reply to me as fast as possible)

Thank you very much Paul.

Hello Paul-Phan,

Most adjectives can be used before a noun (e.g. in 'The red house is new', the adjective 'red' comes before the noun 'house'; this position of the adjective before the noun is called 'attributive position') or after a link verb (e.g. in 'The house is red', the adjective 'red' comes after the link verb 'is'; this position of the adjective after a link verb is called 'predicative position').

But there are some adjectives that are only used in attributive position or predicative position. 'main' is an adjective that is only used in attributive position -- you can see this in this dictionary entry where it says ' adjective   [ only before noun ] '.

Therefore I'm afraid that your sentence is not correct in normal usage. You could perhaps say something like 'My idea is the main one' or 'My idea is central' instead.

Hope this helps.

Hello sir ,

can we use just future tense without present tense in example above (If it rains we ‘ll get up ) , can we say ( if it will rains we will get up )

Hello g-ssan,

No, we generally don't use 'will' in the if-clause. The exception is when we want to say something like 'if you are so stubborn and insist on...' or 'if you refuse to change'. For example:

If you will arrive late then you will have problems > If you refuse to change and insist on arriving late then you will have problems.

Obviously the weather cannot insist on anything as it is not a person so this rare exception does not apply here.

By the way, strictly speaking English has no future tense. 'Will' is a modal verb which can refer to future time but can also have other meanings. In many cases you can replace 'will' with other modal verbs:

I will go tomorrow > I might/may/should/could/can/ought to/must (etc) go tomorrow.

Hi Jonathan, Thanks so much for your reply. If a teacher in the class wants to ask whether his students already understand his explanation, [1] can he use one of the following questions ? (a) Do you understand what I've just explained to you? (b) Did you understand..... ? (c) Do you get what I've just explained to you ? (d) Did you get....... ? (e) Have you got......?

[2] If all the above questions are appropriate, which one(s) is(are) the most commonly used in this situation?

I would highly appreciate your help.

Best regards,

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Simple Present Tense

What is the simple present tense.

(1) Simple present tense to describe facts and habits.

• Alan walks the dog every morning.
• He plays chess.

(2) Simple present tense to describe scheduled events in the future.

• The train arrives at 5 o'clock.
• The plane lands in 5 minutes.

(3) Simple present tense to tell stories (particularly jokes).

• Sarah crosses the road and asks the policeman for directions.
• A horse walks into a bar, and the barman says , "why the long face?"

Table of Contents

More Examples of the Simple Present Tense

Video lesson, forming the simple present tense, the spelling rules, interactive verb conjugation tables, the other present tenses.

(1) To describe facts and habits:

• I like chocolate. (Fact)
• Angela runs a youth club full of glue-sniffers. (Fact)
• I ride horses in the summer. (Fact and habit)
• It always snows here in January. (Fact and habit)
• Dawn plays chess in the evenings. (Fact and habit)

(2) To describe scheduled events in the future

• It is low tide at 0234.

(3) To tell stories (particularly jokes) to make your listener or reader feel more engaged with the story.

• There are two parrots sitting on a perch. One turns to the other and asks , "Can you smell fish?"
• We heard the helicopter overhead. Suddenly, the radio bursts into life.

Are you a visual learner? Do you prefer video to text? Here is a list of all our grammar videos .

The Negative Version

• I do not like chocolate.
• Angela does not run a youth club full of glue-sniffers.
• I do not ride horses in the summer.
• It does not always snow here in January.
• Dawn does not play chess in the evenings.

The Question Version

• Do you like chocolate?
• Does Angela run the youth club?
• Why does Tony talk so quickly?
• When do the farmers plant the corn?
• Does Mark sing or dance?
• Do they want hamburger or sausages?
• talk > talks
• improve > improves
• guess > guesses
• mash > mashes
• fix > fixes
• fly > flies
• study > studies

Infographic for the Simple Present Tense

Top 10 Regular Verbs

Top 10 Irregular Verbs

All 4 Past Tenses

All 4 Present Tenses

All 4 Future Tenses

This page was written by Craig Shrives .

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PRESENT SIMPLE.

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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Paola Forero Salaman

Created on July 24, 2020

Explanations, exercises and games to learn and practice Simple Present tense.

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Learning log: Talking about routines and permanent situations.

Simple Present tense

The train leaves at 5 pm.

click to return to the index

The Moon revolves around the Earth

She works from 8 am to 5 pm.

He is a student.

• talk about general statements.
• describe routines or habits.
• talk about natural facts.
• describe permanent situations.
• mention schedules and timetables.

We use simple present tense to...

Simple Present Tense Uses:

Verb TO BE negative and question forms

Daily Routines

Practice exercises

Video explanation

Rules for 3rd Singular person

Other verbs

Subject Personal Pronouns

• They (Third person plural)
• You (Second person plural)
• We (first person plural)

3rd singularPerson

• It (object, animal or place)
• She (female)
• You (second person singular)
• I (first person singular)

A subject pronoun, also called subjective or subject personal pronoun, is used as substitute for proper and common nouns.

Subject Personal Pronoun

FULL FORMI amYou areHe isShe isIt isWe areYou areThey are

SHORT FORMI'mYou'reHe'sShe'sIt'sWe'reYou'reThey're

They are my friends

You are in my class

My parents are Susan and John

My father is a lawyer

I am a student

My mother is a teacher

The “to be” is a verb used to describe something or someone, to talk about names, age, feelings, nationalities, and professions, especially when talking in the present tense.

Question FormAm I a lawyer?are you a professor?Is he a doctor?Is it your pet?Are we in the same class?Are you a good student?Are they in class now?

Negative formI am not a lawyerYou are not a professorHe is not a doctorShe is not a dentistIt is not a dogWe are not in classYou are not good friendsThey are not at school

A verb Is a word that expresses what someone or something does.It can be an action, motion, feeling or state.

Do we watch TV?No, we don't.

Does she play basketball?No, she doesn't.

• to ask questions
• to give affirmative and negative short answers.
• to make negative sentenses.

DOit is used with the subject personal pronouns : I, You, We, They

DOESIt is used with the subject personal pronouns : He, She, It (Third singular person)

Does he work in a hostpital?Yes, he does.

Do they play together?Yes, They do.

When we use verbs different to the verb "TO BE" we need to use an auxiliary verb. It is DO or DOES.USES:

OTHER VERBS

Does he play football?No, he doesn't.He works and explains his job.

Do you meet at work?No, we don't. We meet at a club.

Do they work in an office?No, They don't.They work in a construction.

Here you will find extra explanations and some practice exercises for you to rehearse what we have studied so far.

Explanations and practice

Pay attention to the correct form for third singular person in affirmative sentences.

Here you will find different interactive activities to get fun and learn!!

Online games

Get extra practice checking out the following websites:

Extra exercises

• What time do you usually get up?
• Where do you work/ study?
• What activities do you do in your free time?
• When do you go to the cinema?
• How often do you play video games?

Talk about your daily routine. Answer the following questions:

• https://dlpng.com/
• https://www.grammarbank.com/verbs-pictures.html
• www.agendaweb.org

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Aug 24, 2014

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PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE. We use the present simple : To talk about activities that repeat regularly (routines, habits) Peter goes to work by bus. My friends learn English. I drink coffee every morning. 2. To talk about permanent situations and states: I have two cats and a dog .

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• general truths
• plays tennis
• official events
• big parties

Presentation Transcript

We use the present simple : • To talk about activities that repeat regularly (routines, habits) Peter goes to work by bus. My friends learn English. I drink coffee every morning.

2. To talk about permanent situations and states: I have two cats and a dog. We like animals. The Smiths don't enjoy big parties.

3. To talk about general truths: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. If you mix yellow and blue, you get green. The earth is round.

4. To talk about future official events or timetables which we cannot change: The train leaves at 6.25.a.m. The lessons start at 8.a.m.

5. We often use the following time adverbials with the present simple: always, usually, regularly, every morning/night/ evening/afternoon, often,sometimes,occasionally, from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom, once a month,hardly ever,never

6. always,usually,regularly, rarely,seldom, often,occasionally, hardly ever,never appear between the subject and the verb : I always walk to school. He regularly swims and plays tennis. Some people never tell truth.

7. Other adverbials usually appear at the end or at the beginning of the sentence: I have a hair cut once a month. From time to time my family go for a picnic in the forest.

8. We use questions with How often ...? to ask about the frequency of something happening: How often do you go swimming? Once a week. How often does the manager go away? Twice a month. How often does she watch television? Every evening.

9. Present simple statements: I like English We like English You like English They like English He likes English She likes English It likes English

10. Present simple negatives I don’t like English We don’t like English You don’t like English They don’t like English She doesn’t like English He doesn’t like English It doesn’t like English

11. Present simple questions Do I like English? Yes, I do Do you Iike English ? No, I don’t Does she like English? Yes, she does Does he like English? No, he doesn’t Does it like English? Yes, It does Do we like English? Yes, we do Do they like English? Yes, they do

12. 3 rd person singular – y ending changes to - ies Study She studies hard Hurry He hurries home

Present simple for a present state and a regular activity: • I are/ am happy. • All my friends like/likes football. • My sister don’t like /doesn’t like school. • Is/ are business executive’s life stressful? • Do/does you have time for hobbies? • I have/has a sandwich for lunch every day. • Ginta play / plays the violin all day. • My parents don't listen to / doesn’t listen to rock music. • I don’t go/ doesn’t go to school by bus. • Do/ does Mary go parachuting with Mick?

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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE. What is Simple Present?. Simple present is used to talk about an action which happens on a regular basis. We use the present tense to talk about something that is true in the present : EXAMPLES I ’m nineteen years old. He lives in London. I ’m a student.

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Simple Present Tense. Verbal Simple Present simple present yang tidak menggunakan tobe , tetapi VERB1 sebagai predicate1 nya For positive sentences,  we do not normally use the auxiliary .

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Simple present tense. QUESTİON. What? Ne? Where? Nerede,nereye? When? Ne zaman? Who? Kim? Whom? Kime,kimi? From whom? Kimden? With whom? Kiminle? Whose? Kimin?

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Live Updates: Testimony Resumes in Trump’s Criminal Trial

The tabloid publisher David Pecker is back on the stand in the trial of Donald J. Trump, which centers on a hush-money payment to a porn star. Prosecutors had asked that Mr. Trump be held in contempt for attacking witnesses and others close to the case.

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David Pecker

Former publisher of The National Enquirer and longtime friend of Trump who helped broker hush-money deals.

Jonah E. Bromwich and Ben Protess

Here’s the latest on the trial.

Donald J. Trump’s attacks on witnesses and jurors pose a “threat” to his landmark criminal trial, prosecutors said Tuesday while urging a judge to hold him in contempt of court over what they said were 11 violations of a gag order imposed to protect those close to the case.

Witnesses in the case “rightly fear” being subjected to the former president’s “vitriol,” a prosecutor, Christopher Conroy, told the judge overseeing the case on Tuesday. He rattled off various statements that Manhattan prosecutors believe crossed the line, including calling two key witnesses “sleaze bags” and reposting an attack on the jury pool, which came the night before a juror who had already been seated asked to be excused.

“What happened here was exactly what this order was meant to prevent, and the defendant doesn’t care,” Mr. Conroy said.

Prosecutors have asked the judge in the case, Juan M. Merchan, to fine Mr. Trump $1,000 for each statement, although Mr. Conroy wondered aloud if Mr. Trump was actually angling for jail time.

Mr. Trump’s lawyer, Todd Blanche, argued that Mr. Trump’s posts were political in nature, and did not violate the order because he was simply responding to “a barrage of political attacks” from a key prosecution witness, his former fixer, Michael D. Cohen, and others.

But Justice Merchan appeared to bristle at that claim, saying he did not want to get into “interpreting and reading between the lines” of Mr. Trump’s posts. And at one point, after Mr. Blanche told the judge that Mr. Trump was trying to comply with the order, Justice Merchan replied, “You’re losing all credibility with the court.”

The judge, whose daughter has been among Mr. Trump’s targets, might not rule immediately.

The hearing came on the sixth day of Mr. Trump’s trial on charges that he falsified business records related to a hush-money payment to a porn star, Stormy Daniels, to conceal a sex scandal that threatened to derail his 2016 presidential campaign. The trial was set to continue Tuesday with testimony from David Pecker, the former publisher of The National Enquirer, who prosecutors say took part in the scheme.

Jury selection in the case had hardly begun when prosecutors accused Mr. Trump of violating a gag order imposed by Justice Merchan, which bars the former president from attacking witnesses, prosecutors, jurors and court staff, as well as their relatives.

Prosecutors said Mr. Trump has violated the order both in his own statements and by reposting quotes and articles on social media. Mr. Trump has directed many of his attacks at Mr. Cohen, who made the $130,000 payment to Ms. Daniels during the 2016 campaign to keep her quiet about a sexual tryst she said she had with Mr. Trump.

The case against Mr. Trump, on charges that he falsified records to conceal a reimbursement to Mr. Cohen, debuted to a newly seated jury on Monday. Both sides delivered opening statements that offered dueling visions of Mr. Trump and the evidence against him: A prosecutor accused the former president of orchestrating a “criminal conspiracy and a coverup” while Mr. Trump’s lawyer proclaimed that “President Trump is innocent.”

Here’s what to know for Day 6 of the trial:

On Monday, the prosecution began questioning its first witness, Mr. Pecker, who buried damaging stories about Mr. Trump as he mounted his first campaign for president. Prosecutors are expected to continue questioning Mr. Pecker after the gag order hearing.

In an opening statement on Monday, the prosecution began by accusing Mr. Trump, Mr. Cohen and Mr. Pecker of plotting to bury negative stories about Mr. Trump ahead of the 2016 election. At the center of the case is a $130,000 hush-money payment by Mr. Cohen to Ms. Daniels. Prosecutors say Mr. Trump falsified records to cover up his reimbursement to Mr. Cohen. Here’s a look back at Monday.

Mr. Pecker, the first witness called in the case, is set to return to the witness stand on Tuesday. In roughly a half-hour of testimony on Monday, he described a tabloid technique known as “catch and kill,” in which publications buy the rights to stories and then withhold them so that they never become public. Read more about him.

Before opening statements, Justice Merchan delivered a crucial ruling on what subjects prosecutors can question Mr. Trump about should he decide to take the stand in his own defense. The judge said he would allow them to question him about several recent losses he suffered in unrelated civil trials, including a fraud case this year in which he was found liable for conspiring to manipulate his net worth and was penalized $454 million.

Maggie Haberman

Steinglass is now asking about “The Apprentice,” which Pecker calls “an instant success.”

Jonah Bromwich

Prosecutors are working to situate Pecker in Trump’s orbit before the jury. He’s not coming across as a combative witness, but, on the contrary, as a longtime fan, friend and ally of Trump. If he testifies, as we expect, about a series of hush money deals they arranged together, this gentle impression will help make him all the more credible.

If anything, Pecker is appearing like the kind of person who the Trump campaign, in another context, would ask to serve a validator for Trump’s past successes.

Pecker says that he’s had “a great relationship with Mr. Trump over the years,” and that he launched a magazine with him called Trump Style. When he proposed the magazine, Pecker says, Trump’s biggest question was, “Who’s going to pay for it?”

Susanne Craig

Pecker never did say who paid for it .

Justice Juan M. Merchan

Presiding Judge

Joshua Steinglass

Todd Blanche

Trump Lawyer

Former Publisher of The National Enquirer

Michael Cohen

Former Trump Lawyer and “Fixer”

Stormy Daniels

Porn Director, Producer and Actress

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Pecker is being asked to point to and identify Trump, who he says he’s known since the late 1980s. They met at Mar-a-Lago, he says.

Pecker specifically says he was introduced to him through Nick Ribis, then a casinos executive for Trump and, until the early 2000s, one of his long-serving lawyers.

Kate Christobek

As Pecker identified the former president, Trump lifted his head and smiled tightly.

It does not appear as if we will get a ruling from the judge right now on whether or not Trump will be held in contempt and fined. David Pecker has entered the courtroom in a dark grey suit and made his way to the witness stand. Trumps shifted in his chair as Pecker passed.

The jurors are seated for the first time today. The judge says we will not have court next Monday. Joshua Steinglass, a prosecutor, resumes questioning David Pecker.

Jesse McKinley

Todd Blanche, who had a rocky morning in court in front of Justice Merchan, is now sitting third-chair, amiably chatting with Trump, smiling and laughing a bit, twirling a pen in his right hand.

Given Justice Merchan’s disbelief at Todd Blanche’s argument that some of Trump's posts did not violate the gag order because they were reposts, it's worth remembering that Blanche pressed a prospective juror last week about social media posts that were critical of Trump. The prospective juror explained that the posts were actually reposts. “Did you watch this before you posted it?” Justice Merchan asked, before excusing the prospective juror.

Michael Gold

While court was on a break, Trump complained about the gag order on Truth Social. In an all-caps post, he accused Justice Merchan of taking away his “right to free speech” and claimed that he was “not allowed to defend myself.”

Trump is already dealing directly with the repercussions of that hearing and negative views of his lawyer’s performance during it. While coming back into the courtroom, reporters referred back to the judge's comment, asking him whether he thought his lawyer, Todd Blanche, had any credibility and whether he was happy with his performance. Trump didn’t respond, but waved at the reporters.

We will now reorient, with that dramatic hearing behind us, unless the judge rules on the gag order very quickly from the bench. Soon, the jury will reenter and David Pecker, the former publisher of The National Enquirer, will resume his testimony, which began yesterday.

Prosecutors just re-entered the courtroom. Several of them were smiling and at least one was chuckling at something a colleague said. Little dispute that the hearing went well for them.

This hearing, ostensibly about violations of a gag order, doubled as a complete onslaught on the Trump ethos. Justice Merchan clarified that politics infused everything that the former president does and insisted on hearing good faith arguments, and the truth, wherever possible. We knew this was going to be a big moment; it was even more revealing than expected.

Trump leaves the courtroom, scanning the rows of reporters. He again looks frustrated, as he did yesterday when he left.

Todd Blanche also appeared frustrated after his argument concluded. Trump immediately beckoned him over and they whispered to each other, before Trump snatched a piece of paper that was in front of him on the defense table. Blanche then rubbed his face.

Trump has always treated his own words as if they’re a completely disposable commodity. That is not how it works in a courtroom.

We thought we were taking a break after a very fiery hearing. Merchan will not give a decision right away. But now the prosecutor, Christopher Conroy, is responding briefly.

Justice Merchan wants to conclude the hearing, but Todd Blanche wants to continue arguing. “This gag order,” he says. “We are trying to comply with it.”

As Blanche insists Trump is trying to follow with the rules, Merchan interrupts him. “You’re losing all credibility with the court,” he says.

This is going to be a long trial. Blanche is in jeopardy of ruining his relationship with Merchan at a very early stage of the game.

Merchan, now calmer, is all but pleading with Blanche to make a more substantive argument to back up the idea that reposts should not be subject to the gag order. “I hate to keep coming back to this, but you’re not offering me anything to support your argument,” the judge says.

Justice Merchan notes that on his post about Jesse Watters's statements, Trump did not quote the Fox News commentator directly. “Your client manipulated what was said and put it in quotes,” Merchan says. Blanche agrees that it was not a true repost, but argues that it's still not clear that it violated the gag order.

Justice Merchan has repeatedly pushed Todd Blanche to clarify his arguments, only to have Blanche deny that he is saying what he seems to be saying. Trump is very lucky that the jurors are not here for this. Merchan is really dressing down Blanche right now.

“You’ve presented nothing,” Merchan just said to Blanche, who has been presenting his argument for some 20 minutes. It's devastating for Blanche.

Trump is growing more animated as Justice Merchan pushes back on Blanche. On several occasions while the judge was speaking, the former president sharply turned to his other lawyers at the defense table and whispered to them.

Justice Merchan is now pushing Todd Blanche to do a forensic accounting of how reposts happen in Trump’s world. “It’s not passive,” the judge finally says.

What’s interesting here is the throughline between Blanche’s argument that there is distance between Trump and his own reposts and the prosecution's argument against Trump, which is that he repeatedly used others — Michael Cohen, The National Enquirer — to do his dirty work.

Wesley Parnell

This line of questioning is highlighting a longtime Twitter catchphrase — that "retweets do not equal endorsements." When you are a former president sitting on trial, it would seem your reposts do carry more weight, particularly in light of this court’s gag order.

Todd Blanche says Trump is entitled to complain about “two systems of justice.” “There’s two systems of justice in this courtroom? That’s what you’re saying?” Justice Merchan says.

There’s a real similarity between the opening statements we saw yesterday and the arguments about the alleged gag order violations today: Again, prosecutors have an overarching narrative, saying that Trump willfully violated their order. Blanche is responding to the allegations one by one, and the judge, for now, isn’t having it.

Justice Merchan is basically taking on, one by one, Trump's favored social media strategies. One is constantly claiming something was “just found.” In this particular case, the subject was Stormy Daniels’ early 2018 statement denying having had a sexual encounter with Trump, which she has since disavowed. “LOOK WHAT WAS JUST FOUND!” Trump said in an April 10 Truth Social post. “I need to know what is true,” Justice Merchan says.

The judge loses patience with Todd Blanche, Trump's lawyer. “I’m asking the questions, OK,” he says. “Im going to decide whether your client is in contempt or not, so please don’t turn it around.” Blanche says in a higher-pitched voice that the prosecutors got as much time as they want. Justice Merchan makes a distinction, saying the prosecutors were answering his questions.

During the scold, Trump turned to another one of his lawyers, Emil Bove, and whispered a comment.

Matthew Haag and Alan Feuer

New York’s court system is publishing daily transcripts of Trump’s trial.

If you want to follow Donald J. Trump’s criminal trial in detail but can’t make it to the Lower Manhattan courthouse in person, you can still read every word of the proceedings.

The New York State Court system will publish a transcript of each day’s court action by the end of the following day on its website. The transcripts can be found here under People v Donald J. Trump (Criminal).

The trial is not televised nor is there live audio, so the transcripts provide the only way to read what is said in the courtroom, word for word.

The court system does not normally release daily transcripts for public consumption and in most cases, seeing transcripts for a court proceeding can be costly. But the court system’s chief administrative judge, Joseph A. Zayas , believed it was the right thing to do.

“This measure is in the interest of the public good and aligns with the court system’s commitment to judicial transparency and its ongoing efforts to enhance public access to, and understanding of, the courts and justice system,” said the judge, who made the decision to publish the transcripts.

In addition to the transcripts, the court website also includes various documents from the hush-money trial, including the 42 questions asked of prospective jurors during jury selection. The site also includes some documents from Mr. Trump’s civil fraud case as well as the previous criminal fraud case against Allen Weisselberg , the former chief financial officer of the Trump Organization.

Jesse McKinley and Kate Christobek

Five takeaways from the fifth day of Trump’s criminal trial.

Monday marked another key moment in the criminal trial of Donald J. Trump: opening statements, during which the former president listened quietly to the prosecution’s allegations of crimes, and the defense’s counterargument that he was a simple man, wrongly accused.

The jury that will decide Mr. Trump’s case concentrated intently on the statements, which began the presentation of what will be weeks of testimony and other evidence, all in a tense courtroom in Lower Manhattan.

The presumptive Republican presidential nominee once more, Mr. Trump, 77, is charged with falsifying 34 business records in an attempt to cover up a payment to a porn star, Stormy Daniels, in the days before the 2016 election. Ms. Daniels, who may testify, says that she and Mr. Trump had a sexual encounter in 2006, a claim the former president denies.

Mr. Trump has also denied the 34 felony charges, calling them orchestrated by Democrats; if convicted, the former president could face probation or up to four years in prison.

Here are five takeaways from Mr. Trump’s fifth day on trial:

The prosecution has a big story to tell.

The charges faced by Mr. Trump may sound bland — “falsifying business records” doesn’t really set the heart racing — but the prosecution made clear on Monday that it plans on painting a much broader picture.

Matthew Colangelo, a prosecutor, laid out in his opening statement a tale that touched on tabloid journalism , tawdry affairs and covertly recorded phone calls . Jurors will likely be told about events inside fancy hotel rooms, Trump Tower and even the Oval Office. And the stakes? The presidency.

All that suggests that the case will keep jurors wide-awake during the six or so weeks it is projected to take. Indeed, when asked if they wanted paper and pens to take notes, more than half of the people in the jury box (12 jurors and six alternates) raised their hands.

Who Are Key Players in the Trump Manhattan Criminal Trial?

The first criminal trial of former President Donald J. Trump is underway. Take a closer look at central figures related to the case.

The defense wants to destroy prosecution witnesses.

Mr. Trump’s lead lawyer, Todd Blanche, used his opening statement to cast Mr. Trump’s actions leading to this case as run-of-the-mill business, and said that Mr. Trump is defending himself at trial, just as “any of us would do.”

He argued that the use of a nondisclosure agreement — the document Ms. Daniels signed after receiving the payment — was typical among the wealthy and the famous and “nothing illegal.” He continued that there was nothing wrong with trying to influence an election, adding: “It’s called democracy.”

Mr. Blanche also attacked Mr. Cohen, a former lawyer and fixer for Mr. Trump. He said Mr. Cohen, who pleaded guilty to federal campaign finance crimes in 2018, was a “criminal” who “can’t be trusted.” He added that Ms. Daniels was “biased” against Mr. Trump and made a living off her story about the sexual encounter.

He called the heart of the prosecution case just “34 pieces of paper” that don’t involve Mr. Trump.

Trump was muted during the abbreviated day in court.

On Mr. Trump’s way into the courtroom on Monday, he addressed reporters for about three minutes and blasted a range of perceived enemies, including New York’s attorney general, Letitia James, and the judge in a recent civil fraud case that resulted in a $454 million judgment against him.

But Mr. Trump’s behavior during opening statements reflected that he understood the gravity of the moment.

Mr. Trump made no outbursts during the prosecution’s opening statement, although he occasionally showed displeasure: He shook his head slightly at arguments that he orchestrated a scheme to corrupt the presidential election and then more strenuously when prosecutors said he was guilty of felonies.

During his own side’s opening statement, Mr. Trump sat largely motionless and expressionless watching his lawyer Mr. Blanche. Mr. Trump’s behavior was muted compared with his volatility during past Manhattan court appearances.

But at the conclusion of the trial day, Mr. Trump took his preferred spot in front of a television camera in the hallway, and spoke for more than nine minutes, attacking the prosecutor’s case — once again — as unfair.

David Pecker used to live on celebrity news. Now, he is the news.

Prosecutors’ first witness was David Pecker, the longtime publisher of The National Enquirer . He ambled to the stand and promptly gave a lesson in the ways of tabloid journalism, including the purchasing of articles — anything more than $10,000, he had to approve — and the significance of putting a famous face right out front.

“The only thing that was important is the cover of a magazine,” Mr. Pecker testified.

In about 30 minutes of testimony, Mr. Pecker also laid out trade secrets on sourcing, saying hotel workers and limo drivers could be a font of information on the rich and famous.

He seemed at ease: laughing at a prosecutor’s jokes, and sometimes directly addressing the jury just a few feet away.

We’re moving right along.

Over the past five trial days, the judge overseeing the case, Juan M. Merchan, has shown that he is eager to keep this trial on schedule. He seems serious about keeping his word to the jurors that the trial will last six weeks.

On Monday, truncated by a juror’s dental emergency and the Passover holiday, he decided to start with the first witness — Mr. Pecker — despite having only half an hour left on his schedule.

On Tuesday, the court will first consider a prosecution motion to hold Mr. Trump in contempt over recent comments that they say violated a gag order meant to keep him from attacking participants in the trial and their families.

Then, Mr. Pecker will continue on the stand, probably diving deeper into the “catch-and-kill” scheme used to buy up — and cover up — unflattering stories, a central element of the prosecution’s narrative.

Court will end early again, at 2 p.m., for further observance of Passover and then will have its weekly Wednesday break.

But there is little indication that as the weeks pass, Justice Merchan will let the pace slacken.

Michael Rothfeld

A look at how tabloids used ‘catch-and-kill’ to trade on the secrets of celebrities.

“Catch-and-kill” is a term coined by old-time tabloid editors for buying the exclusive rights to stories, or “catching” them, for the specific purpose of ensuring the information never becomes public. That’s the “killing” part.

Why would anyone want to spend money on a story that it never intends to publish? In the world of tabloid journalism, where ethical lines are blurry, deciding what to publish and why is often a calculus that covers favors doled out and chits called in.

David Pecker, the former publisher of The National Enquirer, who also oversaw other tabloids such as Star and lifestyle publications such as Men’s Fitness, was a master of the technique , according to people who have worked for him.

In 2003, Mr. Pecker’s company, American Media Inc., bought several muscle magazines founded by a mentor of Arnold Schwarzenegger, the bodybuilding legend and movie star. When Mr. Schwarzenegger, who was often featured in those magazines, jumped into the recall election to replace California’s governor, Mr. Pecker ordered his staff to buy up negative stories about him in order to protect his investment, former employees said.

Staff members called it “the David Pecker Project.” American Media paid $20,000 to a former mistress of Mr. Schwarzenegger so that she would not speak about their affair — though news of it had previously been published. The company paid another $1,000 to her friend and $2,000 to a man who had a video of Mr. Schwarzenegger dancing lewdly in Rio de Janeiro 20 years earlier. Mr. Schwarzenegger was elected governor.

Mr. Pecker’s publications made deals with other celebrities as well, though not always for money. He traded away dirt about the golfer Tiger Woods in exchange for an exclusive interview in Men’s Fitness in 2007, according to people with knowledge of that episode.

And, according to the prosecutors in the Manhattan trial of Donald J. Trump, Mr. Pecker employed “catch-and-kill” tactics in the 2016 presidential election, paying a doorman and a Playboy model to suppress negative stories about Mr. Trump and boost the candidacy of his longtime associate.

Who is David Pecker, the trial’s first witness?

The first witness in Donald J. Trump’s criminal trial is David Pecker, who was the publisher of The National Enquirer, and had traded favors with Mr. Trump since the 1990s.

Mr. Pecker, who was sometimes referred to as the “tabloid king,” had long used his publications to curry favor with Mr. Trump and other celebrities, in exchange for tips or for business reasons. Staff members called Mr. Trump, like other favored stars who were off limits, an “F.O.P.” — “Friend of Pecker.”

Mr. Trump and Mr. Pecker, along with Mr. Trump’s former fixer Michael D. Cohen, hatched a plan in August 2015 to boost his upstart presidential campaign, prosecutors say. The former Trump allies are each expected to take a turn on the witness stand, giving testimony that could help make him the first president convicted of a felony.

Prosecutors for Alvin L. Bragg , the Manhattan district attorney, will try to show that the hush money payment to a porn star at the center of the trial was part of a larger effort to suppress negative news about Mr. Trump to sway the election. That scheme, they will contend, includes two other deals, both involving Mr. Pecker.

Mr. Trump had announced his presidential campaign in June 2015. The plan the men laid out two months later was simple, according to court documents, interviews with people involved in the events or familiar with them, private communications and other records.

Mr. Pecker would use The Enquirer to publish positive stories about Mr. Trump’s campaign and negative stories about his rivals. He would alert Mr. Trump, through Mr. Cohen, when The Enquirer learned of stories that might threaten Mr. Trump. The Enquirer could buy the rights to those stories in order to suppress them, a practice known in the tabloid world as “catch and kill.”

In late 2015, Mr. Pecker’s company paid $30,000 to suppress a claim by a former doorman at a Trump building who said he had heard Mr. Trump fathered a child out of wedlock — a rumor that was apparently untrue.

Then in August 2016, The Enquirer’s parent company paid $150,000 to a former Playboy model, Karen McDougal, to keep her account of an affair with Mr. Trump quiet. Two months later, Mr. Pecker and The Enquirer’s editor helped Mr. Cohen negotiate a $130,000 hush-money payment to Stormy Daniels, the former porn star who also said she had sex with Mr. Trump. He has denied both women’s claims.

Mr. Cohen pleaded guilty to federal campaign finance crimes in 2018.

The Enquirer’s parent company, American Media Inc., made a deal that year to avoid federal prosecution, acknowledging that it had illegally tried to influence the election .

Meet the team defending Donald J. Trump in his criminal trial.

Donald J. Trump has assembled a team of defense lawyers with extensive experience representing people charged with white-collar crimes to defend him against the charges filed by the Manhattan district attorney’s office. Some have worked for Mr. Trump for years. Others are more recent additions, but are involved in the former president’s broader legal defense, also representing him in other criminal cases.

Here’s a look at Mr. Trump’s defense team:

Mr. Blanche started representing Mr. Trump last year, leaving a prestigious position as a partner at Wall Street’s oldest law firm to take him on as a client. He is also representing Mr. Trump in his federal classified documents case in Florida and his federal election interference case in Washington.

Mr. Blanche has also represented Paul Manafort, Mr. Trump’s former campaign chairman, as well as Boris Epshteyn, an adviser to Mr. Trump. Before turning to private practice, Mr. Blanche was a federal prosecutor in the Southern District of New York, where he supervised violent-crime cases.

Susan Necheles

Ms. Necheles has been a lawyer for Mr. Trump since 2021 and represented the Trump Organization during its criminal tax fraud trial in Manhattan. The business was convicted of 17 felonies and ordered by Justice Juan M. Merchan to pay the maximum penalty of $1.6 million.

Ms. Necheles previously represented defendants in major organized-crime and public-corruption cases, including Venero Mangano, the Genovese crime family underboss who was known as Benny Eggs.

Mr. Bove, the newest addition to Mr. Trump’s legal team, is a legal partner to Mr. Blanche. He is a former federal prosecutor for the Southern District of New York who turned to private practice and now represents defendants charged with white-collar crimes.

Gedalia Stern

Mr. Stern is a law partner to Ms. Necheles and also defended the Trump Organization in its criminal tax-fraud trial. He has previous experience representing clients charged with bribery, fraud and conspiracy.

If Trump testifies, he can be grilled about cases he lost and gag order violations.

The judge in Donald J. Trump’s criminal trial ruled on Monday morning that prosecutors could ask the former president about a range of previous cases that he has lost, as well as past violations of gag orders, in the event that he decides to testify in his defense.

Among other cases, the ruling by the judge, Juan M. Merchan, would allow prosecutors to question Mr. Trump about the civil fraud case brought by the New York attorney general, Letitia James, in which the former president was found to have inflated his net worth to obtain favorable loans. That case resulted in a $454 million judgment against Mr. Trump .

Justice Merchan will also allow the Manhattan district attorney’s office — which brought the case against Mr. Trump — to question him about civil cases brought by the writer E. Jean Carroll. Those cases found that Mr. Trump was liable for sexually abusing and defaming Ms. Carroll in the first instance and for defamation in the second. (Justice Merchan did not mention the sexual abuse finding, only the defamation, in his ruling regarding the Carroll cases on Monday.)

Justice Merchan will also let prosecutors ask about Mr. Trump’s attack on a law clerk in a civil fraud case , in violation of a gag order, as well as a 2018 decision that led to the dissolution of the Donald J. Trump Foundation to resolve a case brought by the New York attorney general at the time , Barbara Underwood, over financial irregularities.

The former president suggested in early April that he would testify in the criminal trial , saying that prosecutors “have no case.” That said, Mr. Trump has promised to testify in previous cases only to back out, and Justice Merchan’s decision could change his thinking on such a maneuver.

Justice Merchan said that, in the event that Mr. Trump did testify, he would give jurors “careful and specific” instructions about the scope of prosecutors’ queries, adding that he had “greatly curtailed” what specifics could be the target of questions.

However, Justice Merchan warned Mr. Trump that his ruling was “a shield and not a sword” and that the former president’s testimony could open “the door to questioning that has otherwise been excluded.”

Mr. Trump is being tried on charges that he falsified business records to cover up a hush-money payment to a porn star ahead of the 2016 election. He has denied the charges.

Maggie Haberman ,  Ben Protess and Alan Feuer

Trump’s Trial Lawyer Gambled a Gilded Manhattan Career to Represent Him

Follow our live coverage of Trump’s hush money trial in Manhattan.

Just over a year ago, Todd Blanche was a registered New York Democrat and a partner at Wall Street’s oldest law firm, where the nation’s corporate elite go for legal help. Now, he is a registered Florida Republican who runs his own firm, where the biggest client is a man both famous and infamous for his legal troubles: Donald J. Trump.

Mr. Blanche recently bought a home in Palm Beach County near Mr. Trump’s Mar-a-Lago estate. He brought his family to Mr. Trump’s campaign celebration there on Super Tuesday. And during Mr. Trump’s first criminal trial, set to begin in Manhattan on April 15, he will use space at 40 Wall Street, the former president’s office tower near the courthouse.

After a well-credentialed career as a federal prosecutor and a white-collar defense lawyer, Mr. Blanche, 49, has bet his professional future on representing Mr. Trump, the first former U.S. president to be indicted.

It was a striking career move — forfeiting a lucrative law firm partnership to represent a man notorious for cycling through lawyers and ignoring their bills — that has baffled Mr. Blanche’s former colleagues at the U.S. attorney’s office in the Southern District of New York.

Many have privately questioned, at social events and in informal alumni gatherings, why he would upend his life and risk his reputation for Mr. Trump, whose refusal to acknowledge his loss in the 2020 election has become a chasm in the U.S. political and legal systems. Many prominent lawyers have refused to represent the former president, they note, and three of Mr. Trump’s former lawyers are now witnesses against him.

Mr. Blanche’s decision to defend Mr. Trump in three of the former president’s four criminal cases has pushed the lawyer outside his comfort zone. He developed a reputation as a skilled courtroom prosecutor — working in the same office as Alvin L. Bragg, now the Manhattan district attorney prosecuting Mr. Trump — but has far less experience at the defense table. Mr. Trump’s Manhattan case will be only his second criminal trial as a defense lawyer, and one of his few state court engagements.

Despite the risks, Mr. Blanche has much to gain from Mr. Trump. No longer just another high-priced defense lawyer in a city full of them, Mr. Blanche is handling the country’s most significant criminal case, raising his profile and creating a question about whether a door would open for him in a second Trump administration.

He jokes about having his eye on an ambassadorship to Italy, friends say, although he often says he has no actual interest in a government job. Still, many assume he would welcome the chance to run his old office, the Southern District, a role that the agency’s alumni covet.

As the Manhattan trial draws near, some of his former Southern District colleagues have come to Mr. Blanche’s defense, noting that every defendant, no matter how polarizing, is entitled to capable counsel.

“I have heard from a good number of people in the S.D.N.Y. who have said, ‘Why the heck would Todd do this — why would he ever take this case?’” said Elie Honig, the CNN senior legal analyst, who worked with Mr. Blanche at the Southern District and speaks highly of him. “My response is, generally, when did we become pearl-clutchers about defense lawyers defending defendants?”

“That’s what the job is and what our system requires,” he added.

Mr. Blanche has his hands full. He is the lead counsel on both Mr. Trump’s trial in Manhattan on charges that he covered up a sex scandal surrounding his 2016 presidential campaign, as well as the case in Fort Pierce, Fla., where he is charged under the Espionage Act over his retaining of sensitive government documents after he left office. Mr. Blanche is also a co-counsel in Mr. Trump’s federal case in Washington on charges that he conspired to defraud the United States with his efforts to overturn his 2020 election loss.

At the heart of the strategy used by Mr. Blanche and his colleagues on the Trump legal team is a favorite Trump tactic: stalling.

The defense team has sought to delay the trials as long as possible, hoping to push them past Election Day, and Mr. Trump’s associates privately say they see it working. In the case brought by the Manhattan district attorney, the judge recently granted a three-week delay, though he has rejected Mr. Blanche’s effort to postpone the case further.

Mr. Blanche, who is working on the Manhattan case with Susan Necheles, a veteran defense lawyer, is not a total newcomer to Mr. Trump’s world. With the blessing of his former law firm, Cadwalader, Mr. Blanche had in recent years represented other associates of the former president, including Paul Manafort, his onetime campaign chairman, and Boris Ephsteyn, a roving adviser.

But when he proposed taking on Mr. Trump himself, the Cadwalader committee that handles reputational issues balked, people with knowledge of the matter said, and none of the firm’s leaders intervened on Mr. Blanche’s behalf. A spokesman for the firm did not respond to a message seeking comment.

Mr. Blanche described the experience to friends as painful and politicized, but told friends that he had been frustrated with a lack of autonomy at the huge firm and was ready to strike out on his own.

Last April, he founded Blanche Law in New York and began defending Mr. Trump himself.

His fees, like those of other Trump lawyers, have been paid through Save America, the political action committee seeded with tens of millions of small-dollar donations that Mr. Trump raised as he pushed false claims of widespread election fraud in November 2020 and after. The PAC paid Cadwalader roughly $420,000 when Mr. Blanche was representing Mr. Epshteyn, while Blanche Law has been paid just over $3 million since April 2023, federal records show.

While no one’s job in Mr. Trump’s world is ever safe, Mr. Blanche is enjoying an extended honeymoon, developing a reputation in Mr. Trump’s orbit for reading him well.

Some of Mr. Blanche’s friends said that they had perceived him to be a centrist, law-and-order Democrat, whose politics were not so at odds with Mr. Trump that his transition to voting as a Republican was especially jarring.

They describe him as deeply loyal to the people he cares about, and a true believer in the notion that Mr. Trump should not face trial in the Manhattan case. Mr. Blanche has a competitive streak — he has finished two full Ironman races — but by Trump lawyer standards, he is nonconfrontational and soft-spoken. He also is uninterested in appearing on television, even though Mr. Trump often likes to see his lawyers onscreen.

Although Mr. Trump usually doesn’t refer to Mr. Blanche as a “fighter,” one of his highest accolades, he does tell associates that his lawyer is smart and doing a good job. In recent court appearances, the two men have seemed almost chummy, whispering frequently to one another at the defense table.

Mr. Blanche’s decision to move to Florida reflected how fundamentally his representation of Mr. Trump has influenced not only Mr. Blanche’s professional life, but his personal one. Mr. Blanche’s wife, a doctor, has joined him in Florida, where he had for some time been looking to move for family reasons, and where he maximizes his time with a client who doesn’t like being scheduled. He commutes to New York for trial matters.

The website of Mr. Blanche’s firm briefly listed its address as Mr. Trump’s building at 40 Wall Street, where the former president has repeatedly held news conferences after court appearances. Two people close to Mr. Blanche, who were not authorized to discuss the situation publicly, said the space was a temporary war room; the address was removed from the firm’s website after The New York Times asked the campaign about the arrangement.

Bruce Green, who teaches legal ethics at Fordham Law School in New York, said he didn’t see a problem with Mr. Blanche’s tight bond with Mr. Trump, although he did question whether it could affect the lawyer’s judgment.

“Lots of defendants don’t trust their lawyers, but here there’s obviously a good relationship,” Mr. Green said. “Still, while it’s important to have trust, it’s also important to have a sense of detachment. If you drink the Kool-Aid, so to speak, it could impair your willingness to tell a client hard truths.”

Many of the arguments that Mr. Blanche has raised on behalf of Mr. Trump, the presumptive Republican nominee for president, echoed the former president’s own laments about his criminal cases. In filings and hearings, Mr. Blanche has painted a picture of the former president as the victim of partisan attacks from Democrats and has attacked the cases themselves as attempts to derail Mr. Trump’s campaign for the White House.

Even some seemingly casual phrases Mr. Blanche has woven into his court filings appear designed with the client’s perspective in mind. In papers recently filed in the classified document case, he referred offhandedly to Mr. Trump’s “first term” in office, implying that there would be a second.

At times, his rhetoric has irritated the judge overseeing the Manhattan criminal case. Just last week, the judge wrote in an order that while he welcomed “zealous advocacy and creative lawyering,” he also expected attorneys to “demonstrate the proper respect and decorum that is owed to the courts.” Sending a none-too-subtle shot across the bow, the judge reminded Mr. Blanche’s team of his power to punish disobedience with criminal contempt.

The judge, Juan M. Merchan, also lambasted Mr. Blanche in a courtroom full of reporters last week, rebuking him for not directly answering a question. (Mr. Blanche apologized.) When Mr. Blanche accused the district attorney’s office of prosecutorial misconduct, Justice Merchan questioned how long Mr. Blanche had worked as a prosecutor, implying that he should have known better than to have leveled that claim.

Mr. Blanche joined the Southern District in 1999, not as a prosecutor, but as a paralegal. He worked days and went to Brooklyn Law School at night, commuting from Long Island. Mr. Blanche, who was married at 20 and a grandfather in his 40s, conveyed a decidedly middle-class vibe at an office known for its Ivy League pedigree.

When he returned to the Southern District a few years later as a prosecutor, he focused largely on violent crime, rather than the white-collar cases that prosecutors have parlayed into lucrative law firm jobs. Mr. Blanche ultimately became a co-leader of the Southern District’s violent crimes unit.

As a violent crimes prosecutor, Mr. Blanche was responsible for handling a variety of unsavory cooperating witnesses, including drug dealers and murderers. That experience, his former colleagues said, showed a contrarian streak and an empathetic side that explains his decision to essentially put his career on the line for someone as divisive as Mr. Trump.

Sabrina Shroff, a longtime federal defender, recalled that as a prosecutor Mr. Blanche had once dropped robbery charges against one of her clients after she demonstrated to him that the case should be dismissed.

“It would have been easy to write my client off,” she said, “and he didn’t.”

Nicole Hong contributed reporting, and Kitty Bennett contributed research.