2022 my year to shine essay grade 12

Kathryn | Posted on January 3, 2022 |

In my last blog, I wrote about 2021 and the year that was. In this blog, I want to tell you about my word of the year and my plans for 2022.

My theme word for 2022

I wanted a word for 2022 that could take the word I picked in 2021 of freedom and expand into something even brighter.

I chose the word shine – as I felt it described the next stage of my business journey – I’ve built the foundations, I’ve created financial stability and now it is time to shine my light as brightly as I can.

Shine is a word that I have used as a theme word before, back in 2014 in my best ever year in business when I felt ready to expand my reach, my impact, and my revenues. The energy of the word shine just felt right for 2022.

The word shine (or similar words) was also repeated in my card reading I did for 2022 and with a Leo North Node in the 11th house – being brave enough to shine amongst groups of people is really important to my soul growth.

You can find out more about my process to pick my word for the year here

How I’m making this real

By expanding my reach through pursuing speaking opportunities, publishing an oracle deck, embracing strategic collaborations and growing my list.
By building my self-love and self-confidence
By embracing my role as a leader in the realm of business astrology including launching an advanced business astrology certification (Level 2)
Through a goal to double my revenue in 2022
By repeating to myself the mantra “it’s my time to shine”
By accepting an opportunity that came my way for a creative collaboration with a highly successful entrepreneur
By committing to show up and be visible

Supporting Themes

I always pick some supporting themes for my year. These are additional themes that I want my year to be based around.

In 2022 these themes are:

Getting effective support – investing in the right people to support my growth (including my new community mentor for the certification as well as customer service support).
Protect my businesses’ greatest asset (that’s me by the way!) – by designing a schedule that works for me and that is flexible enough to allow for life’s ups and downs
Creative Retreats – that allow me to give intense focus to my creative projects as well as fill up my cup.
Up-level – make sure that I am using the right systems, surround myself with the right people and hold myself and my business to the highest standards.
Lead – Enroll a Level 2 Business Astrology Certification to continue to support my Level 1 students, be seen as a leader in my field and grow my own skills. Ultimately to be known as the best Business Astrology Mentor.

This means that as I make decisions I ask myself:

Will this support me to be globally recognised for business astrology
Should I be doing this – or should I be delegating?
Am I protecting my business’ greatest asset through this?
Am I giving myself enough intensive creative time?
Am I up-levelling my business by doing this?
Does this position me as a leader?
Is this aligned with my intention to “shine”

You can find out more about my process to pick my word for the year and supporting themes here.

As you may have read in my recent year in review blog – my Level 1 Astrology Certification accounts for approximately 54% of my business revenue.

For this reason, in 2022 my mantra is “all roads lead to Level 1”.What this means is that everything I do in my business should support me to train more and more people in the Level 1 Business Astrology Certification.

My goals in 2022 are to:

Launch the Level 1 Certification twice and enroll 40+ students in 2022
Launch and enroll 15+ existing students into the Level 2
Travel to Europe (covid permitting) and run an Astrology event or retreat
Publish my Astrology Deck
Certify as an Astrocartographer (to continue my professional development)

I will do this by:

Put the majority of my focus into launches of the Level 1 certification
Continue to focus on activities that grow my list
Set aside time for creative retreats three times in 2022 to write my astrology deck guidebook as well as content for the Level 2 certification
Enroll in the certification in January and set aside 1 day per week to study

Tip: Make your goals a reality – declare it and make it real publicly (to your list, on your blog, on your social media or in Facebook groups).

My Numerology

2022 is a 6 year for me.

There is an energy of Responsibility, Maturity, Wisdom, Healing, and Harmony for 6 years.

It is a year where after the creative chaos of a 5-year you are asked to rebalance and focus on sustainability. After a few creative years of doing a whole lot of applications of astrology I’m being called to focus on the certification – it feels very Saturnian in nature.

It’s also a year where relationships need focus – I can see that in my astrology transits too – and I’m already feeling that part of shining will be about effective relationships with my husband and my team.

You can find out more about how to find out what numerological year it is for you here.

So what is my focus in 2022?

My focus is :

To be recognised as the provider of a world-leading business astrology certification program that is soulful yet practical, customer-focused, professional, ethical, and delivers a beautiful experience.

My Astrological Energies for 2022

I have a large focus on my 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th houses in 2022 which represents Pleasure & Creativity, Day to Day Health and Routine, Partnership & Marriage, and Transformation and rebirth.

In 2022 I have Jupiter over the 6th & 7th House bringing luck and expansion to my day-to-day routine and my marriage and partnership.

Saturn & Pluto are over the 5th house bringing structure and responsibility, and transformation to my zone of creativity and Pleasure. Saturn will conjunct my south node towards in early January which may bring up some past life karmic energy.

I feel like 2022 will be another year of being serious and disciplined towards content creation for my Level 2 certification and other projects.

Uranus continues to be over my 8th house bringing highs and lows of unexpected change to the realm of other people’s money. This could mean unexpected inheritances or taxes or even a business partner or investor. Expect the unexpected with Uranus! Uranus will also conjunct my Chiron in May which may bring an unexpected healing or healing crisis’ to my core wound around money and power and death.

Neptune will cross over my 6th House of daily routine into the 7th House of Marriage and Partnership in February 2022. Neptune is bringing a sense of disillusionment and confusion over my intimate relationship – but I’ll stay the course as I know the greater purpose it is serving, especially given I am also in my Neptune square Neptune mid-life crisis transit! Neptune will conjunct my DC line of relationships at the start of February and I may feel stronger than normal confusion or haze around relationships.

You can learn about which parts of your chart are being activated here.

A year from now

I am so proud of what I achieved in 2022:

I doubled my business revenue
Had a six-figure launch for the Level 1 certification
Enrolled the Level 1 twice and the Level 2 once
Launched my Astrology Oracle Deck
Took myself on three business retreats – including a trip to Corsica and Sardinia – covid gods permitting!
Experienced some wonderful surprise opportunities to speak or collaborate with those I respect
Certified as an AstroCartographer

“It’s my time to shine. I am seen & heard in my brilliance. I am a leader in my field and my certification is sought after. I flow with ease and grace and attract clients who love and accept me. I experience rapid business growth and abundance. “

I encourage you to go through a similar process for your own business and you can do this with my business planning day framework Your Soulful Year.

EnglishGrammarSoft

Essay on New Year 2023 (1000+ Words)

The old year is ending, and a new beginning has arrived. People worldwide will be celebrating the arrival of the New Year. For some, the New Year means looking back at what has been accomplished, and for others, it means setting goals and making resolutions.

Some people believe that New Year’s Day is a time to reflect on all that has happened and to look forward to what is coming next.

One of the first things many people do in the new year is to make a list of resolutions. You might resolve to make more money, learn a second language, or become a better person. The most common resolution is to lose weight and get healthier.

However, it can be challenging to stick with these resolutions without support from family and friends. In this blog post, I will discuss some ways to help yourself and others as we enter into the New Year!

Essay on New Year

It’s the New Year! New Year traditions are generally based on old European pagan rituals. The idea of a ‘new year’ is thought to have come from the Roman practice of beginning the year at the first full moon after the winter solstice, or around January 1.

The New Year is a time for looking forward and making resolutions for your future. But it’s also a time to celebrate all that you’ve already accomplished in this past year. Reflect on what you’ve learned and share those lessons with others.

The start of a new year brings with it hope and anticipation. It’s the perfect time to start fresh by setting goals for yourself, reviewing your progress, and embarking on new adventures. Whether you want to make more money, improve your health, or explore the world in the coming year, there are endless possibilities out there waiting for you. But what are some resolutions that might be worth considering?

New Year Resolutions

Take the new year as an opportunity to get a fresh start. Letting go of a bad habit can improve your life immensely. A few simple changes can quickly improve your life.

Few things are worse than dealing with an upset stomach in the morning. Make an effort to eat healthy daily by adding more fruits and vegetables to your diet. It will not only make you feel better, but it can improve your performance at work.

Furthermore, meditation is a great way to reduce stress and improve your mental health. You can quickly get started by choosing a type of meditation suitable for you. Try a guided meditation that is designed specifically for you.

The Importance of Goals

Before embarking on a new adventure, it’s essential to reflect on what you’ve done and learned over the past year. You may be feeling that your life is stagnant and unsatisfying, but if you don’t look at how far you’ve come, how can you expect to go further?

The only way to grow as a person is to grow from your mistakes and learn from them. In the New Year, outline what you want to accomplish in the next 365 days. Write them down. Break them down into manageable tasks, and put them into a daily schedule.

Your life will begin to take shape in front of your eyes if you organize your life in a conducive way to your success. The same applies to your health.

Would you mind not following the joneses? It’s easy to fall into the trap of comparison.

The Importance of Planning

The moment we start procrastinating is the moment we begin to waste time. When was the last time you planned your week? Or what was the final task you completed?

In today’s fast-paced world, doing anything with a plan has become a lost art. But as with so many things in life, the moment you focus on the task at hand, not thinking about it, will be the key to success.

We all know that when we get things done, we feel better. Another vital resolution is to spend your time wisely. Many people believe that time is our most precious resource. But as someone once said, “you can’t get time back; you can only spend it.

Reviewing Your Progress

You’ve made so many mistakes in the past year, but have you ever thought about good things that happened? Sometimes we go through such hardship that we forget about the good things that come with it, so we need to take a step back and remember them.

Maybe it’s all of the amazing people you’ve met on your adventures. Perhaps it’s all the people who supported you or just congratulated you on reaching a big goal.

Maybe it’s getting a promotion at work that you were determined to make happen. You never know what amazing things are waiting for you, so reflect on what you’ve accomplished and focus on getting even more out of life.

Budgeting what many people fail to realize is that living well doesn’t just come naturally. Instead, it takes thought, preparation, and planning.

Exploring the World and Making Money

It is one of the top New Year’s resolutions for a reason. Who doesn’t want to travel the world, eat in a foreign restaurant, or experience something brand new and exciting every day?

When you choose to make money from your passion, the sky’s the limit. And you can do all of this even if you’re single and still living with your parents. Look into bartering, freelancing, selling stuff online, and even starting a blog that helps others make money from what they love.

Improving Your Health and Well-being

Don’t wait for the new year to improve your well-being. You can start now! Get moving, make some healthy choices, spend more time with friends and family, take walks outside, get a hobby—and give yourself a reason to be happy every day.

If you do decide to wait until January 1st, start by making a few small changes that can lead to some big improvements in your life.

We encourage you to have fun with your resolutions this year. If you have a good experience, you can try some more! After all, you don’t want to be one of those people who go to bed on December 31 and don’t resolve to do anything next year.

If you follow your resolutions , you should enjoy 2023. Have a great year!

New Year Goal Setting Templates
Ultimate List of 101 New Year Resolution Ideas
19 New Year Resolution Ideas for Work & Employees
New Year Resolution Printables
New Year Resolution Worksheets
What is the new year’s resolution? (Short Essay)

5 New Year Goal Setting Templates 2023

In this post, you will find new year goal setting templates for free. You can also download these templates in PDF from the link given…

19 New Year Resolution Ideas for Work & Employees 2023

Are you looking for new year resolution ideas for work? Then you are in the right place. According to Inc, only 8% of people are…

8 Cool New Year Worksheets 2023

Time to dust off your old planners and workbooks from last year. Happy New Year Worksheets will keep you organized for the coming events and…

New Year Resolution Printables 2023 (7 Free Templates) – Updated

Download 5 Free Templates for personal use to set up your resolutions in 2023. We have designed 5 cool new year resolution printables for you….

Ultimate List of 101 New Year Resolution Ideas 2023

We have prepared a list of new year resolution ideas 2023 for you. You may have already adopted some of these points earlier. This list…

New Year Resolution Essay 2023 | What is the new year’s resolution?

New year resolution essay is a short essay comprising of about 500 words. Do you know what is most important at the start of the…

2022 DBE Self-study Guides Gr. 12 English: Writing Essays and Transactional Texts

This study guide is intended to serve as a resource for teachers and learners. It provides notes, examples, problem-solving exercises with solutions and examples of practical activities.

Do you have an educational app, video, ebook, course or eResource?

Contribute to the Western Cape Education Department's ePortal to make a difference.

Economic Essays Grade 12

Grade 12 Economic Essays for the Next Three-Year Cycle (2021-2023)

Discuss in detail the markets within the FOUR-SECTOR model (Circular Flow)

Discuss in detail 'The new economic paradigm'/Explain the 'smoothing of cycles (Business Cycles)

Discuss in detail the features underpinning forecasting (Business Cycles)

Discuss in detail the main objectives of the public sector in the economy (Public Sector)

Discuss in detail the reason(s) for public sector failure (link them to typical problems experienced through public sector provisioning) (Public Sector)

Discuss in detail the reasons for international trade (Foreign Exchange Markets)

Discuss in detail export promotion (Protectionism and FreeTrade)

Discuss in detail the arguments in favour of protectionism (Protectionism and Free Trade)

Discuss in detail the demand-side approach in promoting growth and development in South Africa (Growth and development)

Discuss in detail the following South African growth and development policies and strategic initiatives (Growth and development)

Discuss in detail South Africa's initiaties (endeavours) in regional development (Industrial Development Policies)

Discuss in detail the following economic indicators (Economic and Social Performance Indicators

Discuss in detail the following social indicators (Economic and Social Performance Indicators)

Discuss in detail the various equilibrium positions with the aid of graphs-PERFECT MARKET (Perfect Market)

Discuss the monopoly in detail (with/without the aid of graphs) (Imperfect Market)

Examine the oligopoly in detail (Imperfect Market)

Compare and contrast any TWO types of market structures

Discuss in detail how the following factors lead to the misallocation of resources in the market (Market Failures)

Discuss in detail state intervention as a consequence of market failures, with the aid of relevant graphs (Market Failures)

Discuss in detail the consequences of inflation (Inflation)

Discuss in detail the measures to combat demand-pull and/or cost-push inflation (Inflation)

Examine in detail the effects of tourism (Tourism)

Examine in detail the benefits of tourism (Tourism)

Discuss in detail how the government can ensure sustainable development (Environmental Sustainability)

Discuss in detail the following problems and the international measures taken to ensure sustainable development (Environmental Sustainability)

ESSAYS FOR THE NEXT THREE-YEAR CYCLE (2021-2023)

Macroeconomics- paper1.

Discuss in detail the markets within the FOUR-SECTOR model (Circular Flow) INTRODUCTION The economy of a country is regarded as an open economy because of the presence of households, producers, government, foreign sector and financial sector as active participants in the economy. Markets link the participants in the economy 🗸🗸 [Max 2]

BODY: MAIN PART PRODUCT / GOODS/ OUTPUT MARKET🗸

These are the markets for consumer goods and services🗸🗸
Goods are defined as tangible items, like food, clothes, cars, etc. that satisfies some human wants or needs🗸🗸
Buying and selling of goods that are produced in markets e.g. 🗸🗸
Capital Goods market for trading of buildings and machinery🗸🗸
Consumer goods market for trading of durable consumer goods, semi-durable consumer goods and non-durable consumer goods. 🗸🗸
Services are defined as non-tangible actions and include wholesale and retail, transport and financial markets. 🗸🗸

FACTOR / RESOURCE/ INPUT MARKETS🗸

Households sell factors of production on the markets: rent for natural resources, wages for labour interest for capital and profit for entrepreneurship🗸🗸
The factor market includes the labour, property and financial markets. 🗸🗸
The market where services of factors of production are traded e.g. labour is hired and capital is borrowed – these services earn wages, interest, rent and profits🗸🗸

FINANCIAL MARKETS🗸

They are not directly involved in the production of good and services, but act as a link between households , the business sector and other participants with surplus finds🗸🗸
E.g. banks, insurance companies and pension funds🗸

MONEY MARKETS🗸

In the money markets short term loans, and very short term funds are saved and borrowed by consumers and business enterprises 🗸🗸
Products sold in the market are bank debentures, treasury bills and government bonds 🗸🗸
The simplest form exists when parties make demand and short-term deposits and borrow on short term 🗸🗸
The SARB is the key institution in the money market🗸🗸

CAPITAL MARKETS🗸

In the capital markets long term funds are borrowed and saved by consumers and the business sector🗸🗸
The Johannesburg Security Exchange (JSE) is a key institution in the capital 🗸🗸
Products sold in this market are mortgage bonds and shares🗸🗸

FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS🗸

On the foreign exchange markets businesses buy/ sell foreign currency to pay for imported goods and services🗸🗸
These transactions occur in banks and consists of electronic money transfers from one account to another🗸🗸
The leading centres/ most important foreign exchange markets are in London, New York and Tokyo 🗸🗸
e.g. traveller’s cheques to travel abroad🗸
Flows of private and public goods and services are real flows and they are accompanied by counter flows of expenditure and taxes on the product market🗸🗸
Factor services are real flows and they are accompanied by counter flows of income on the factor market🗸🗸
Imports and exports are real flows and are accompanied by counter flows of expenditure and revenue on the foreign exchange market🗸🗸[Max 26]
A change in investment of R 10m will result in a change in income of R 20m🗸🗸
An increase in investment causes the expenditure function to shift upwards from C1 to C2 so that C1 is parallel to C2🗸🗸
The effect of the increase in investment is that the total expenditure will increase from R 20m to R 30m🗸🗸
The increase in the value of output (Y) is greater than the increase in the expenditure (E) 🗸🗸 (Explanation must comply with the figures supplied in the graphical presentation) [Max 4] [Max 10]

CONCLUSION The circular flow ensures continued interdependence and coordination of the economic activities in the economy / markets are critically important institutions in our economic system, because they regulate the supply and demand and safeguard price stability and general business confidence. 🗸🗸 [Any other relevant conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION The new economic paradigm in terms of the smoothing of business cycles discourages monetary policy makers from using monetary and fiscal policies to fine tune the economy but rather encourages achieving stability through sound long term decisions relating to demand and supply in the economy/smoothing out the painful part of economic down-fall that is part of the market economy🗸🗸 (Accept other relevant definition/description of smoothing/new economic paradigm). [Max 2]

BODY: MAIN PART The new economic paradigm is embedded in the demand and supply side policies. 🗸🗸

Demand-side policies

It focuses on aggregate demand in the economy🗸🗸
When households, firms and the government spend more, demand in the economy increases. 🗸🗸
This makes the economy grow but lead to inflation.🗸🗸
Aggregate demand increases more quickly than aggregate supply and this causes price increases. 🗸🗸
If the supply does not react to the increase in demand, prices will increase. 🗸🗸
This will lead to inflation (a sustained and considerable in the general price level) 🗸🗸

Unemployment:

Demand-side policies are effective in stimulating economic growth. 🗸🗸
Economic growth can lead to an increase in demand for labour. 🗸🗸
As a result more people will be employed and unemployment will increase. 🗸🗸
As unemployment decreases inflation is likely to increase. 🗸🗸
This relationship between unemployment and inflation is illustrated in the Phillips curve. 🗸🗸
The PC curve shows the initial situation. A is the point of intersection of the PC curve with the x- axis. It shows the natural rate of unemployment, for instance 14%🗸🗸
At point A inflation rate is zero. 🗸🗸
If unemployment falls to C for instance, 8%, inflation caused by wage increases is at 6%.🗸🗸
If unemployment increases from C to B to A, inflation falls from 6% to 2% to 0%.🗸🗸

Supply-side policies Reduction of costs 🗸

Infrastructural services: reasonable charge and efficient transport, communication, water
services and energy supply. 🗸🗸
Administrative costs: these costs include inspection, reports on applications
of various laws, regulations and by-laws, tax returns and returns providing statistical
information.
It adds to costs and businesses carry a heavy burden 🗸🗸
Cash incentives: it includes subsidies for businesses to locate in neglected areas where unemployment is high and compensation to exporters for certain costs they
incurred in development of export markets. 🗸🗸

Improving the efficiency of inputs 🗸

Tax rates: low tax rates can serve as an incentive to workers. It will improve the productivity and output. 🗸🗸
Capital consumption: replacing capital goods regularly creates opportunities for businesses to keep up with technological development and better outputs🗸🗸
Human resource development: to improve the quality of manpower by improving health care, education and training. 🗸🗸
Free advisory service: these promote opportunities to export. 🗸🗸

Improving the efficiency of markets 🗸

Deregulation: removal of laws, regulations and by-laws and other forms of government controls makes the market free. 🗸🗸
Competition: encourages the establishment of new businesses 🗸🗸
Levelling the play field: private businesses cannot compete with public enterprises 🗸🗸 Answers must be in full sentences and well described with examples to be able to obtain 2 marks per fact. Learners should be awarded 1 mark per heading or sub-heading to a maximum of 8 marks. (8 x 1) (8) [Max 26]

Explanation: The above graph shows:

Aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) are in equilibrium at point C. 🗸🗸
If aggregate demand is stimulated so that it moves to AD1 and aggregate supply responds promptly and relocates at AS1; a larger real output becomes available without any price increases. 🗸🗸
Supply is often sticky and fixed in the short term. 🗸🗸
Therefore, if aggregate demand increases to AD1 and aggregate supply does not respond, intersection is at point F. Real production increases but so does the price, in other words, with more inflation. 🗸🗸
The aggregate demand locates at any position to the left of AS1 inflation prevails. 🗸🗸
The solution is to create conditions that ensure supply is more flexible. 🗸🗸
If the cost of increasing production is completely flexible, a great real output can be supplied at any given price level. 🗸🗸 [Max 10]

CONCLUSION It is clear from the discussion above that it is critically important to manage the aggregate supply and demand to ensure stability in the economy. 🗸🗸 [Accept any relevant higher order conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION Accurate prediction is not possible in Economics. The best the economists can do is to try and forecast what might happen. There are a number of techniques available to help economists to forecast business cycles, e.g. economic indicators 🗸🗸 OR Successive periods of contraction and expansion of economic activities 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant introduction] [Max 2]

BODY: MAIN PART Business cycle indicators Leading economic indicators 🗸

These are indicators that change before the economy changes / coincide with the reference turning point 🗸🗸
They give consumers, business leaders and policy makers a glimpse (advance warnings) of where the economy might be heading. 🗸🗸
Peak before a peak in aggregate economic activity is reached.
Most important type of indicator in helping economists to predict what the economy will be like in the future 🗸🗸
When these indicators rise, the level of economic activities will also rise in a few months' time/an upswing 🗸🗸
E.g. job advertising space/inventory/sales ratio🗸

Coincident economic indicators🗸

They move at the same time as the economy / if the turning point of a specific time series variable coincides with the reference turning point🗸🗸
It indicates the actual state of the economy🗸🗸
E.g. value of retail sales. 🗸
If the business cycle reaches a peak and then begins to decline, the value of retail sales will reach a peak and then begin to decline at same time🗸🗸

Lagging economic indicators🗸

They do not change direction until after the business cycle has changed its direction🗸🗸
They serve to confirm the behaviour of co-incident indicators🗸🗸
E.g. the value of wholesalers' sales of machinery🗸
If the business cycle reaches a peak and begins to decline, we are able to predict the value of new machinery sold🗸🗸

Composite indicator🗸

It is a summary of the various indicators of the same type into a single value🗸🗸
Their values are consolidated into a single value , if this is done we find a value of a composite leading , coincident and lagging indicator🗸🗸 Accept ONE example from the table below:
This is the time that it takes for a business cycle to move through one complete cycle (measured from peak to peak) 🗸🗸
It is useful to know the length because the length tends to remain relatively constant over time.🗸🗸
If a business cycle has the length of 10 years it can be predicted that 10 years will pass between successive peaks or troughs in the economy. 🗸🗸
Longer cycles show strength. 🗸🗸
Cycles can overshoot. 🗸🗸

Ways to measure lengths:

Crisis to crisis 🗸🗸
Historical records 🗸🗸
Consensus on businesses experience 🗸🗸

Amplitude 🗸

It is the difference between the total output between a peak and a trough. 🗸🗸
It measures the distance of the oscillation of a variable from the trend line / It is the intensity (height) of the upswing and downswing (contraction and expansion) in economic activity 🗸🗸
A large amplitude during an upswing indicates strong underlying forces – which result in longer cycles 🗸🗸
The larger the amplitude the more extreme the changes that may occur / extent of change 🗸🗸
E.g. During the upswing inflation may increase from 5% to 10%. (100% increase) 🗸🗸
A trend is the movement of the economy in a general direction. 🗸🗸
It usually has a positive slope because the production capacity of the economy increases over time 🗸🗸
Also known as the long term growth potential of the economy. 🗸🗸
The diagram above illustrates an economy which is growing – thus an upward trend (positive slope) 🗸🗸
Trends are useful because they indicate the general direction in which the economy is moving – it indicates the rate of increase or decrease in the level of output🗸🗸

Extrapolation 🗸

Forecasters use past data e.g. trends and by assuming that this trend will continue, they make predictions about the future🗸🗸
Means to estimate something unknown from facts or information that are known 🗸🗸
if it becomes clear that the business cycle has passed through a trough and has entered a boom phase, forecasters might predict that the economy will grow in the months that follow 🗸🗸
It is also used to make economic predictions in other settings e.g. prediction of future share prices🗸🗸

Moving average 🗸

It is a statistical analytical tool that is used to analyse the changes that occur in a series of data over a certain period of time / repeatedly calculating a series of different average values along a time series to produce a smooth curve 🗸🗸
The moving average could be calculated for the past three months in order to smooth out any minor fluctuations 🗸🗸
It is calculated to iron out (minimize) small fluctuations and reveal long-term trends in the business cycle🗸🗸 Answers must be in full sentences and well described with examples to be able to obtain 2 marks per fact. Learners should be awarded 1 mark per 8 headings and examples. [8 x 1=8] [Max 26]

BODY: ADDITIONAL PART

An expansionary monetary policy is implemented when the economy is in recession in order to stimulate economic activities. 🗸🗸
Interest rates can be reduced to encourage spending. 🗸🗸
Households and firms can borrow more and spend more. 🗸🗸
The increased spending increases the level of economic activity. 🗸🗸
Investment will increase and more factors of production will be employed. 🗸🗸
Higher levels of production, income and expenditure will be achieved. 🗸🗸
If the supply of goods and services does not increase in line with an increase in demand, inflation will increase. 🗸🗸
Inflation can be curbed by reducing money supply and availability of credit. 🗸🗸
To dampen demand at the peak the government will be able to reduce the money supply by increasing interest rates. 🗸🗸
Selling government bonds and securities (open market transactions) and reduce the supply of money in circulation. 🗸🗸
Increase the cash reserve requirements to manipulate money creation activities of banks. 🗸🗸
Persuade banks to decrease lending (moral suasion) 🗸🗸
To devaluate the exchange rate (exchange rate policy) 🗸🗸 [Max 10]

CONCLUSION It remain clear that business cycles must be clearly monitored through the indicators available, policy makers must act quickly by using monetary and fiscal instruments in order to prevent instability in the economy. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION: The government provides goods and services that are under supplied by the market and therefore plays a major role in regulating economic activity and guiding and shaping the economy. 🗸🗸 [Max 2]

BODY: MAIN PART Objectives:

Economic growth 🗸

Refer to an increase in the production of goods and services 🗸🗸
Measured in terms of Real GDP 🗸🗸
For economic growth to occur, the economic growth rate must be higher than Population growth 🗸🗸
Growth and development in a country benefit its citizens because it often leads to a higher standard of living 🗸🗸

Full employment 🗸

It is when all the people who want to work, who are looking for a job must be able to get a job 🗸🗸
High levels of employment is the most important economic objective of the government 🗸🗸
The unemployment rate increased over the past few years 🗸🗸
Informal sector activities must be promoted because it is an area where employment increase 🗸🗸

Exchange rate stability 🗸

The economy must be manage effectively and effective Fiscal and monetary policy must be used to keep the exchange rate relatively stable 🗸🗸
Depreciation and Appreciation of the currency create uncertainties for producers and traders and should be limited. These uncertainties must be limited 🗸🗸
The SARB changed the Exchange rate from a Managed floating to a free floating exchange rate 🗸🗸

Price stability 🗸

Stable price causes better results in terms of job creation and economic growth 🗸🗸
The SARB inflation target is 3% - 6% and they are successful in keeping inflation within this target 🗸🗸
Interest Rates, based on the Repo Rate are the main instruments used in the stabilisation policy 🗸🗸
The stable budget deficit also has a stabilizing effect on the inflation rate 🗸🗸

Economic equity 🗸

Redistribution of income and wealth is essential 🗸🗸
South Africa uses a progressive income tax system – taxation on profits, taxation on wealth, capital gains tax and taxation on spending, are used to finance free services 🗸🗸
Free social services are basic education; primary health and to finance basic economic services 🗸🗸
E.g. Cash Grant to the poor, e.g. child grants and cash grants to vulnerable people, e.g. disability grants 🗸
Progressive taxation means that the higher income earners pay higher/more taxation 🗸🗸 [Max 26]
Learner responses can be positive or negative.
Follow the argument and see if the learner can produce enough evidence to support his/her answer.

Economic Growth:

SA targets 4–5% economic growth. Previously SA had a 5% growth rate 🗸🗸
In recent years the growth rate decreased steadily (presently below 3%) 🗸🗸

Full Employment:

Compared to foreign countries unemployment is very high. (Expanded – over 30%) 🗸🗸
Efforts by SA government to reduce these figures includes the GEAR strategy, focus on small business enterprises, Public Works Programme 🗸🗸

Exchange rate stability:

SA now operates on a free floating exchange rate system in line with international benchmarks 🗸🗸
Unfortunately our currency has lost its value, with a general trend of depreciation over the last few years 🗸🗸

Price stability:

For the past few years South Africa has managed to remain within the 3–6% target 🗸🗸
The current increase in the repo rate has put constraints on the inflation rate 🗸🗸

Economic equity:

Economic equity has improved (BEE, affirmative action, gender equity) and led to an improvement in economic equity 🗸🗸 [Any 5 x 2] [Max 10]

CONCLUSION: While some successes have been achieved by government, the fulfilling of some of the objectives are compromised by factors like lack of accountability, corruption, budgeting, nepotism and incompetence. 🗸🗸 [Any relevant conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION The government responds to market failures by establishing and maintaining state owned enterprises to provide public goods and services 🗸🗸 [Any other relevant introduction] [Max 2]

BODY: MAIN PART

It is required to give an explanation of one's decisions, actions and expenditures over a period of time 🗸🗸
There are mechanisms for evaluating government's economic and financial performance 🗸🗸
That the desired quantities and quality of goods and services for which taxes are raised are delivered 🗸🗸
That monopolies, corruption, nepotism, incompetence and apathy does not occur 🗸🗸
Two important elements of accountability is participation and transparency🗸🗸
Ministerial responsibilities, i.e. the ministers of government departments are responsible for decisions and actions and expenditures 🗸🗸
Parliamentary questioning arises and members of the government departments have to respond 🗸🗸
The national treasury is responsible for treasury control 🗸🗸
The auditor-general reports annually in writing on each government department🗸🗸
Public goods are efficiently provided if Pareto efficiency is achieved 🗸🗸
That is if resources are allocated in such a way that no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off 🗸🗸
Bureaucracy the official rules and procedures. 🗸🗸/insensitivity to the needs of their clients 🗸🗸
Incompetence- the lack of skill or ability to do a task successfully🗸🗸/May have improper qualifications/or an attitude of apathy 🗸🗸
Corruption- the exploitation of a person's position for private gain /taking bribes, committing fraud, nepotism 🗸🗸
State-owned enterprises do not operate according to the forces of supply and demand 🗸🗸
It becomes thus very difficult for state-owned enterprises to assess needs and they are thus prone to under- or over-supplying public goods and services 🗸🗸
The census and other household surveys as well as local government structures provide this type of information 🗸🗸
Since resources are scarce, government must then decide which needs and whose needs are to be satisfied 🗸🗸
In the private sector houses are built according to the price that people are able and willing to pay 🗸🗸
In the public sector housing is regarded as a social responsibility and authorities supply them according to the needs of people 🗸🗸
In a market economy prices are determined by supply and demand 🗸🗸
The objectives of firms are to maximise their profits and they usually set prices to achieve this objective 🗸🗸
Government does not pursue the profit maximisation objective 🗸🗸
Government takes into account certain social, economic, political and environmental conditions as well as public opinion 🗸🗸
Free-of-charge services- this is met from taxes 🗸🗸 and applies to most community goods and collective goods 🗸🗸 (e.g.) defence, police whereby charges and toll fees are levied 🗸
User-charges 🗸 option to charge depends on technical reasons 🗸🗸 (e.g.) cost of providing a double lane road could be recovered by toll charges 🗸 Economic reasons 🗸 such as services like water and electricity 🗸 that have a zero price 🗸 political reasons 🗸 where income distribution is significantly unequal, administrative rationing according to need takes place 🗸🗸 (e.g.) public health and education 🗸
Direct and indirect subsidies direct subsidies are used to cover part of the costs 🗸🗸 (e.g.) urban bus service 🗸 and an indirect subsidy is used to write off accumulated losses or deficits 🗸🗸
Standing charges -called availability charges 🗸🗸 (e.g.) water and electricity 🗸 standing charges goes to meet fixed costs and the price per unit consumed covers variable costs 🗸🗸
Price discrimination - different users have different elastic ties of demand for a good 🗸🗸 (e.g.) commercial and manufacturing businesses pay higher rates than households and they pay on a sliding scale🗸🗸
State-owned enterprises that either render a service or when an existing enterprise is nationalised 🗸🗸
They focus on making a profit and maximizing cost at the expense of the needs of some groups 🗸🗸 (e.g.) Iscor 🗸 SABC, 🗸SAA, Spoornet 🗸
refers to the process whereby state-owned enterprises and state-owned assets are handed over or sold to private individuals 🗸🗸
cost of maintaining and managing state-owned enterprises are high which can lead to higher taxes and larger public debt 🗸🗸
State-owned enterprises are not run as efficiently as private enterprises 🗸🗸
Nationalisation is the process whereby the state takes control and ownership of privately owned assets and private enterprises 🗸🗸
It includes contracting of services, public-private partnerships, increasing competitiveness🗸🗸 [Max 26]

ADDITIONAL PART Possible problems in your community or elsewhere

Lack of drinking water due to burst pipes 🗸🗸
Lack of electricity due to lack of infrastructure (load shedding) 🗸🗸
Lack of schooling – no buildings available – lack of maintenance 🗸🗸
Lack of health services due to lack of staff, infrastructure, strikes 🗸🗸
Lack of adequate housing (RDP) 🗸🗸 [Max 10 marks - List of examples max 5 marks] [Accept any other relevant answer]

CONCLUSION If the above problems are not dealt with timeously by government, government will continue to fail its people in terms of service delivery, seeing many protests occurring regularly 🗸🗸 [Any other relevant higher order conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION International trade can be defined as the exchange of goods and services between countries globally. 🗸🗸 These trade agreements are negotiated by protocols and agreement due to the uneven distribution of natural resources globally. 🗸🗸

BODY-MAIN PART The main reasons for international trade.

Demand reasons The size of the population impacts demand.

If there is an increase in population growth, it causes an increase in demand, as more people’s needs must be satisfied. 🗸🗸
Local suppliers may not be able to satisfy this demand. 🗸🗸

The population’s income levels effect demand.

Changes in income cause a change in the demand for goods and services. 🗸🗸 • An increase in the per capita income of people in more disposable income that can be spent on local goods and services, some of which may then have to be imported. 🗸🗸

An increase in the wealth of the population leads to greater demand for goods.

People have access to loans and can spend more on luxury goods, many of which are produced in other countries. 🗸🗸

Preferences and tastes can play a part in the determining of prices,

E.g. customers in Australia have a preference for a specific product which they do not produce and need to import and it will have a higher value than in other countries. 🗸🗸

The difference in consumption patterns is determined

By the level of economic development in the country, e.g. a poorly developed country will have a high demand for basic goods and services but a lower demand for luxury goods. 🗸🗸

Supply reasons Natural resources are not evenly distributed

Across all countries of the world. 🗸🗸
They vary from country to country and can only be exploited in places where these resources exist. 🗸🗸

Climatic conditions

Make it possible for some countries to produce certain goods at a lower price than other countries, e.g. Brazil is the biggest producer of coffee. 🗸🗸

Labour resources

Differ in quantity, quality and cost between countries. 🗸🗸
Some countries have highly skilled, well-paid workers with high productivity levels, e.g. Switzerland. 🗸🗸

Technological resources

Are available in some countries that enable them to produce certain goods and services at a low unit cost, e.g. Japan. 🗸🗸

Specialisation in the production

Certain goods and services allows some countries to produce them at a lower cost than others, e.g. Japan produces electronic goods and sells these at a lower price. 🗸🗸

Capital allows developed countries

Enjoy an advantage over underdeveloped countries. 🗸🗸
Due to a lack of capital, some countries cannot produce all the goods they require themselves. 🗸🗸

ADDITIONAL PART

Buying and selling goods and services from other countries: 🗸🗸
The purchase of goods and services from abroad that leads to an outflow of currency from SA- Imports (M). 🗸🗸
The of goods and services to buyers from other countries leading to an inflow of currency to SA – Exports (X) 🗸🗸
Different factor endowments mean some countries can produce goods and services more efficiently than others- specialisation is therefore possible: 🗸🗸

Absolute Advantage:

Where one country can produce goods with fewer resources than other. 🗸🗸

Comparative Advantage:

Where one country can produce goods at a lower opportunity cost it sacrifices less resources in production. 🗸🗸

CONCLUSION International trade is important of countries to survive economically, as barriers to trade would disadvantage all countries, due to their interdependency globally. 🗸🗸 [Any other relevant higher order conclusion] [Max 2]

ECONOMIC PURSUITS-PAPER 1

Discuss in detail export promotion (Protectionism and Free Trade)

INTRODUCTION Export promotion refers to measures taken by governments increase production of goods and services that can be exported. The government provides incentives to encourage production 🗸🗸 [Max 2]

BODY: MAIN PART REASONS:

Export promotion measures lower cost of production which makes it easier to compete on the international market 🗸🗸
Achieve significant export-led economic growth🗸🗸
Export enlarges production capacity of country because more and larger manufacturing industries are established. 🗸🗸
The first step to export-led economic growth is to implement policies that encourage the establishment of industries to produce goods and services for export markets🗸🗸

METHODS: Exports are promoted through: Incentives🗸

Export incentives include information on export markets, research with regard to new markets, concessions on transport charges, export credit and export credit guarantees and publicity commending successful exporters🗸🗸
This will encourage manufacturers to export an increased volume of their production🗸🗸
Trade missions help to market SA products abroad🗸🗸and supply SA companies with information about potential markets 🗸🗸

Direct Subsidies🗸

Described as direct because it involves government expenditure. 🗸🗸
Include cash payments to exporters, refunds on import tariffs and employment subsidies.
The aim is to increase the competitiveness of exporting company🗸🗸 reduce cost of production🗸🗸and explore and establish overseas markets🗸🗸

Indirect subsidies

Regarded as indirect because it results in the government receiving less revenue🗸🗸 e.g. general tax rebates,
Tax concessions on profits earned from exports or on capital invested to produce export goods, refunding
Of certain taxes e.g. custom duties on imported goods used in the manufacturing process🗸🗸
Allows companies to lower their prices and enables them to compete in international markets🗸🗸
Challenge for governments to design incentives and subsidies in such a way that prices of export goods can't be viewed as dumping prices🗸🗸

Trade neutrality 🗸

Can be achieved if incentives in favour of export production are introduced
Up to point that neutralises the impact of protectionist measures in place🗸🗸
E.g. subsidies equal to magnitude of import duties can be paid🗸

Export processing zones (EPZs) 🗸

Is free-trade enclave within a protected area –
Is fenced and controlled industrial park that falls outside
Domestic customs area, and usually located near harbour or airport 🗸🗸 NOTE : For the response with regard to the effectiveness of export promotion methods, a maximum of 5 marks can be allocated.
No limitations on size and scale since world market is very large🗸🗸
Cost and efficiency of production based on this and organised along lines of comparative advantage🗸🗸
Increased domestic production will expand exports to permit more imports and may result in backward linkage effects that stimulate domestic production in related industries🗸🗸
Exchange rates are realistic and there is no need for exchange control and quantitative restrictions🗸🗸
Value can be added to natural resources of the country 🗸🗸
Creates employment opportunities 🗸🗸
Increase in exports has positive effect on balance of payments 🗸🗸
Increase in production leads to lower domestic prices, which benefit local consumers🗸🗸

DISADVANTAGES

Real cost of production 🗸 subsidies and incentives reduce total cost of production which must be met from sales🗸🗸 real cost is thus concealed by subsidies🗸🗸products cannot compete in open market 🗸🗸
Lack of competition 🗸 businesses charge prices that are so low that they force competitors out of the market 🗸🗸
Increased tariffs and quotas 🗸can be against spirit of provisions of WTO🗸🗸overseas competitors retaliate with tariffs and quotas🗸🗸 goods are sold domestically below their real cost of production (export subsidies and dumping) 🗸🗸
Protection of labour-intensive industries 🗸 developed countries maintain high levels of effective protection for their industries that produce labour-intensive goods in which developing countries already have or can achieve comparative advantage 🗸🗸
Withdrawal of incentives often leads to closure of effected companies. 🗸🗸
Incentives often lead to inefficiencies in the production process, since companies don't have to do their best to compete🗸🗸
Can be seen as dumping 🗸🗸 [Max 26]

BODY: ADDITIONAL PART How successful is South Africa in protecting the local textile industry against foreign competition?

Not successful: 🗸 Many domestic textile manufacturers closed down due to unfair international competition 🗸🗸 Many wholesalers make use of suppliers from abroad 🗸🗸 e.g. Woolworths/Walmart🗸
Dumping still occurs – European manufacturers still dump clothing in Africa out of season at prices below cost 🗸🗸 Job losses due to a lack of protection in this industry 🗸🗸 [Accept any motivation relating to success indicators] [Max 10]

CONCLUSION South Africa's international trade policy facilitates globalisation thereby impacting positively on the balance of payment. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION Protectionism refers to a deliberate policy on the part of the government to erect trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, in order to protect domestic industries against international competition. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant definition] [Max 2]

BODY-MAIN PART Raising revenue for the government

Import tariffs raise revenue for the government. 🗸🗸
In smaller countries the tax base is often small due to low incomes of individuals and businesses. 🗸🗸
Low incomes do not provide much in the form of income taxes and therefore custom duties on imports is a significant source of income or revenue. 🗸🗸

Protecting the whole industrial base

Maintaining domestic employment. 🗸🗸
Countries with high unemployment are continuously pressured to stimulate employment creation and therefore resort to protectionism in order to stimulate industrialisation. 🗸🗸
It is thought that using protectionism the country’s citizens would purchase more domestic products and raise domestic employment. 🗸🗸
These measures on domestic employment creation at the expense of other countries, led to such measures as “beggar-my-neighbour” policies. 🗸🗸
Applying import policies is likely to reduce other countries ability to buy country’s exports and may provoke retaliation. 🗸🗸

Protecting workers

It is argued that imports from other countries with relatively low wages represent unfair competition and threaten the standard of living of the more highly paid workers of the local industries. 🗸🗸
Local industries would therefore be unable to compete because of higher wages pushing up the price levels of goods. 🗸🗸
Protection is thus necessary to prevent local wage levels from falling or even to prevent local businesses from closing down due to becoming unprofitable. 🗸🗸
Competition from low-wage countries may also reflect the fact that those countries have a comparative advantage in low-skilled labour-intensive industries. 🗸🗸

Diversifying the industrial base

Overtime countries need to develop diversified industries to prevent overspecialisation. 🗸🗸
A country relying too heavily on the export of one or a few products is very vulnerable. 🗸🗸
If a developing country’s employment and income is dependent on only one or two industries, there is the risk that world fluctuations in prices and demand and supply-side problems could results in significant fluctuations in domestic economic activity. 🗸🗸
Import restrictions may be imposed on a range of products in order to ensure that a number of domestic industries develop. 🗸🗸

Develop strategic industries

Some industries such as the iron-ore and steel, agriculture, (basic foodstuffs, such as maize), energy (fuels) and electronics (communication) among others, are regarded as strategic industries. 🗸🗸
Developing countries may feel that they need to develop these industries in order to become self-sufficient . 🗸🗸

Protecting specific industries Dumping

Foreign industries may engage in dumping because government subsidies permit them to sell at very low prices or because they are seeking to raise profits through price discrimination. 🗸🗸
The reason for selling products at lower prices may be to dispose of accumulate stocks Of the goods and as a result consumers in the importing country stand to benefit however,
Their long term objective may be to drive out domestic producers and gain control of the market and consumers
Are likely to lose out in the reduction in choice and higher prices that the exporters will be able to charge. 🗸🗸

Infant industries

Usually newly established and find it difficult to survive due to their average costs being higher than that of their well-established foreign competitors. 🗸🗸
However, if they are given protection in their early years they may be able to grow and Thereby take advantage lower their average costs and become competitive and at this point protection can be removed. 🗸🗸

Declining industries/sunset industries

Structural changes in the demand and supply of a good may severely hit an industry such industries should be permitted to go out of business gradually declining industries
Are likely to be industries that no longer have a comparative advantage and however, if they go out of business quickly there may be a sudden and large increase in unemployment. 🗸🗸
Protection may enable an industry to decline gradually thereby allowing time for resources including labour to move to other industries. 🗸🗸
Protecting domestic standards domestic regulations of food safety human rights and environmental standards have been increasingly acting as trade restrictions. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant fact] [Max 26]

ADDITIONAL PART South Africa promotes exports through subsidies

Direct Subsidies

Strict screening measures should be put in place when companies apply for financial assistance. Government expenditure can provide direct financial support to domestic producers for their exports e.g. 🗸🗸
Cash grants offered to South African exhibitors to exhibit their products at exhibitions overseas. To explore new markets. 🗸🗸
Foreign trade missions to explore new markets imposition of tariffs on imports. 🗸🗸
Funds for the formation of formal export councils. 🗸🗸
Subsidies for training or employing personnel. 🗸🗸
Funds for the export market research. 🗸🗸
Product registration and foreign patent registrations. 🗸🗸
Government can refund companies certain taxes to promote exports.
These types of indirect subsidies are:
General tax rebates (Part of the cost of production can be subtracted from the tax that has been paid) 🗸🗸
Tax concessions on profits earned from exports or on capital invested to produce export goods. 🗸🗸
Refunds on import tariffs in the manufacturing process of exported goods companies often use custom duties are paid on these goods and the government refunds them. 🗸🗸 [Max 10]

CONCLUSION Most countries agree that protectionism is harmful to the economy if not well managed. Protectionism is needed especially where industries are young and need expansion or development. 🗸🗸 [Any other relevant higher order conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION Economic growth is responsible for the overall growth of the economy, in order to enhance the well being of the economy as a whole. Whereas economic development would focus on the individual well being of the citizens of a country. [Any other relevant higher order conclusion] [Max 2]

BODY-MAIN PART Growth and Development A demand-side approach includes discretionary changes in monetary and fiscal policies with the aim of changing the level of aggregate demand. 🗸🗸

Monetary policy

Is driven by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). 🗸🗸
It aims to stabilise prices by managing inflation. 🗸🗸

Fiscal policy

Is driven by the Department of Finance. 🗸🗸
It aims to facilitate government, political and economic objectives. 🗸🗸
A demand-side approach to economic growth and development does not only depend on fiscal and monetary policy. 🗸🗸
It is dependent on all components of aggregate demand, that is, C, I, X and G. 🗸🗸

South African approach

The South African approach uses both monetary and fiscal measures to influence aggregate demand in the economy. 🗸🗸
The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) as the central bank in South Africa formulates the monetary policy. 🗸🗸
They use the following instruments:

Interest rate changes

It is used to influence credit creation by making credit more expensive or cheaper. 🗸🗸
The exchange rate is stabilised by encouraging inflow or outflows. 🗸🗸

Open market transactions

To restrict credit the SARB sells securities. When banks buy these securities money flows from banks to the SARB. 🗸🗸
The banks have less money to lend and cannot extend as much credit as before. 🗸🗸
To encourage credit creation the SARB buys securities. Money flows into the banking system.🗸🗸

Moral suasion

The SARB consults with banks to act in a responsible manner based on the prevailing economic conditions. 🗸🗸

Cash Reserve Requirements

Banks are required to hold a certain minimum cash reserve in the central bank. 🗸🗸
Banks have a limited amount to give out as credit. 🗸🗸
South Africa’s fiscal policy is put into practice through the budgetary process. 🗸🗸
The main purpose of fiscal policy is to stimulate macroeconomic growth and employment, and ensure redistribution of wealth. 🗸🗸
The following instruments are used:

Progressive personal income tax

Higher income earners are taxed at higher tax rates. 🗸🗸
These taxes are used to finance social development. 🗸🗸
The poor benefit more than those with higher incomes. 🗸🗸

Wealth taxes

Properties are levied (taxed) according to their market values. 🗸🗸
Transfer duties are paid when properties are bought. 🗸🗸
Securities (shares and bonds) are taxed when traded. 🗸🗸
Capital gains tax is levied on gains on the sale of capital goods (e.g. properties, shares). 🗸🗸
Estate duties are paid on the estates of the deceased. 🗸🗸
These taxes are used to finance development expenditures which benefit the poor more often. 🗸🗸

Cash benefits

Old age pensions, disability grants, child support and unemployment insurance are cash grants. These are also known as social security payments. 🗸🗸
Benefits in kind (natura benefits) 🗸🗸
These include the provision of healthcare, education, school meals, protection etc. 🗸🗸
When user fees are charged, poor or low income earners pay less or nothing. 🗸🗸
Limited quantities of free electricity and water are provided. 🗸🗸

Other redistribution

Public works programmes, e.g. the Strategic Integrated Projects (SIP) provides employment subsidies and other cash and financial benefits such as training, financing and export incentives.🗸🗸

Land restitution and land redistribution

Land restitution is the return of land to those that have lost it due to discriminatory laws in the past. 🗸🗸
Land redistribution focuses on land for residential (town) and production (farm) for previously disadvantaged groups. 🗸🗸
The money for these programmes is provided in the main budget. 🗸🗸

Subsidies on properties

It helps people to acquire ownership of fixed residential properties. 🗸🗸
E.g. government’s housing subsidy scheme provides funding to all people earning less than R3 500 per month🗸🗸

CONCLUSION The demand-side approach focuses on the expansion of the demand for goods and services produced in the economy. 🗸🗸 OR To ensure economic growth, there should be an adequate and growing demand for goods and services produced in the economy. 🗸🗸

[Any other relevant higher order conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION Different growth and development strategies have been implemented in South Africa since 1994, each aimed at addressing particular needs at the time of introduction. 🗸🗸 [Any other relevant introduction] [Max 2]

BODY-MAIN PART The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)

The RDP was an integrated, coherent socio-economic policy framework that was implemented directly after our first democratic elections in 1994. 🗸🗸
It seeked to mobilise all our people and our country’s resources toward the final eradication of apartheid and the building of a democratic, non-racial and non-sexist future. 🗸🗸

The RDP was based on six principles.

an integrated and sustainable programme. 🗸🗸
a people-driven process focusing on the needs of the population. 🗸🗸
peace and security for all, aimed at a non-violent society that respects all human rights. 🗸🗸
nation-building, focusing on the needs of all members of society. 🗸🗸
linking reconstruction and development. 🗸🗸
The RDP consisted of many proposals, strategies and policy programmes.
All of these could, however be grouped into five major policy programmes that were linked to each other.

The five key programmes were:

meeting basic needs. 🗸🗸
developing our human resources. 🗸🗸
building the economy. 🗸🗸
democratising the state and society. 🗸🗸
implementing the RDP. 🗸🗸

The Growth, Employment and Redistribution Programme (GEAR)

The GEAR built upon the strategic vision set out in the RDP, i.e. 🗸🗸
The importance of all the objectives of the RDP was reaffirmed but it recognized the implementation and macroeconomic problems that the government had been experiencing in implementing the RDP. 🗸🗸
The RDP placed much more emphasis on disciplined economic policy. 🗸🗸
While still recognizing that there were very serious needs that had to be addressed. 🗸🗸

The Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa Programme (AsgiSA).

AsgiSA resulted from government’s commitment to halve unemployment and poverty by 2014. 🗸🗸
The Joint Initiative on Priority Skills Acquisition (Jipsa) was established to address the scarce and critical skills needed to meet AsgiSA’s objectives. 🗸🗸

AsgiSA identified six important factors that prevented growth:

the relative volatility of the currency. 🗸🗸
the cost, efficiency and capacity of the national logistics system. 🗸🗸
shortages of suitably skilled labour, and the spatial distortions of apartheid affecting low-skilled labour costs. 🗸🗸
barriers to entry, limits to competition and limited new investment opportunities. 🗸🗸
the regulatory environment and the burden on small and medium enterprises (SME’s). 🗸🗸
AsgiSA was not intended to be a government programme. 🗸🗸
But rather a national initiative supported by all the key groups in the economy. 🗸🗸
Namely business, labour, entrepreneurs and government and semi-government departments and institutions. 🗸🗸

Joint Initiative on Priority Skills Acquisitions (JIPSA)

It is the skills development arm of ASGISA. Focus is on skills development, especially through the SETAS. 🗸🗸

Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP)

It is a nationwide government intervention to create employment using labour-intensive methods, and to give people skills they can use to find jobs when their work in the EPWP is done. 🗸🗸

The New Growth Path (NGP)

The New Growth Path (NGP) was released in November 2011. 🗸🗸
This plan is designed to serve as a framework for economic policy, and to be the driver of the country’s job strategy. 🗸🗸

The New Growth Path therefore proposes certain strategies to ensure adequate demand:

Deepening the domestic and regional market by growing employment. 🗸🗸
Increasing incomes and undertaking other measures to equity and income distribution. 🗸🗸
Widening the market for South African goods and services through a stronger focus on exports to the region and other rapidly growing economies. 🗸🗸
On a macroeconomic level the NGP entails accommodating or looser monetary policy combined with stricter fiscal policy to limit inflationary pressures and enhance competitiveness. 🗸🗸
Government spending will be prioritised with the objective of long-term sustainable employment opportunities. 🗸🗸

The microeconomic measures to control inflationary pressures include the following:

A competition policy to supervise monopoly pricing on products and services. 🗸🗸
A review of administered prices to ensure that they do not increase above inflation without compelling reasons. 🗸🗸
Interventions in the case of rapidly rising prices of essential products and services such as private🗸🗸
Healthcare and basic food items. 🗸🗸
Active industrial policy. 🗸🗸
Rural development policy. 🗸🗸
Competition policy. 🗸🗸
Stepping up education and skills development. 🗸🗸
Enterprise development: promoting small business and entrepreneurship; eliminating unnecessary red tape. 🗸🗸
Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE). 🗸🗸
Labour practices. 🗸🗸
Technology policy. 🗸🗸
Developmental trade policies. 🗸🗸
Policies for African development. 🗸🗸
The different growth and development strategies that have been implemented in South Africa since 1994. 🗸🗸
Have all contributed to making our country more prosperous and to address problems created by inequalities of the past. 🗸🗸
However, problems such as a low level of education, unemployment and unequal distribution of income persist. 🗸🗸
The current NGP is a comprehensive policy that is focused on addressing all of these problems. [Any other relevant higher order conclusion] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION South Africa’s overall objective of Industrial Development Policy is to ensure international competitiveness in its nine provinces. OR Regional development is aimed at increasing the economic livelihood of specific areas or regions. OR Regional development attempts to limit the negative effects of economic activities in only a few areas. OR It attempts to promote the advantages of a more even regional development by using labour and other natural resources and infrastructure in neglected areas. [Accept any relevant introduction] [Max 2]

BODY-MAIN PART SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES

SDI Programme attracts infrastructure and business investments to underdeveloped areas to create employment. 🗸🗸
Department of Trade and Industry is driving force behind industrial and spatial development. 🗸🗸
DTI plans together with central, provincial and local government, IDC, parastatals and research institutions. 🗸🗸
Industrial Development Policy Programme (Spatial Development) has 2 focus points spatial development initiative (SDI) and financial incentives. 🗸🗸
SDI refers to government’s initiative and economic development potential of certain specific spatial locations in SA. 🗸🗸

Key Objectives:

Stimulate economic activity in selected strategic locations. 🗸🗸
Generate economic growth and foster sustainable industrial development. 🗸🗸
Develop projects of infrastructure in certain areas and finance them through lending and private sector investment. 🗸🗸
Establish private-public partnerships (PPP’s). 🗸🗸

In areas with high poverty and unemployment, SDI focuses on:

High level support in areas where socio-economic conditions require concentrated government assistance. 🗸🗸
Where inherent economic potential exists. 🗸🗸
The approach is towards international competitiveness, regional cooperation and a more diversified ownership base. 🗸🗸

Some of the main focus points of the SDI Programme are:

Lubombo Corridor (agro-tourism, education, craft, commercial and agricultural sectors); 🗸🗸
KwaZulu-Natal (Ports of Durban and Richards Bay); 🗸🗸
West Coast SDI (fishing and industrial ports); 🗸🗸
Coast-2-Coast Corridor with agro-tourism. 🗸🗸
It also makes it possible for private sector businesses to take advantage of the economic potential of underdeveloped areas in private-public partnerships (PPP’s) 🗸🗸
In PPP a private business may provide the capital to build the factory and to buy raw materials and employ labour, while the government provides the capital for the infrastructure such as roads and water and electricity. 🗸🗸
The business benefits from profits and the government benefits from taxes, levies and employment opportunities. 🗸🗸

There are TWO types of PPP’s which are compensated differently: Unitary payments:

Private sector builds and runs a project (it performs the function on behalf of the public sector); the payment provides an acceptable return on the total investment (building cost, maintenance, operational expenses). 🗸🗸
Private sector constructs the project and then is given the right to change a toll fee (e.g. public road); 🗸🗸
The toll covers costs of construction, maintenance, operation. 🗸🗸
The above options can be combined: E.g. hospital (cost of building is an annual payment and a user fee is also charged). 🗸🗸
A track of land that forms a passageway allowing access from one area to another and particular advantages to mining, manufacturing and other businesses. 🗸🗸
Domestic Corridor: e.g. Lubombo, West Coast, Fish River. 🗸🗸
Corridors beyond the South African Borders (SADC) e.g. Maputo Development Corridor Mozambique. 🗸🗸
Reasons in support of South Africa’s regional integration in Southern Africa: have political and stable neighbours have important export markets and a future source of water and energy supplies integration may be a precondition for support from foreign investors, donors and multilateral institutions. 🗸🗸
A robust regional transport system and a solid infrastructure base hold the key to attracting investment into the SADC region – improving competitiveness and promoting trade. 🗸🗸

Advantages from Corridor development:

Greater levels of economic efficiency and productivity compact urban form corridor urban form. 🗸🗸
Corridor developments will often occur due to private investment. 🗸🗸
Intergration of land use and transport planning will lead to generally efficient integration. 🗸🗸
Efficient urbanisation leads to efficient use of land and promotion of an efficient transport system. 🗸🗸

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONES (IDZ’s)

Geographically designed, purpose-built industrial sites providing services tailored for export- orientated industries. 🗸🗸
Physically enclosed and linked to an international port or airport. 🗸🗸
Specifically designed to attract new investment in export-driven industries. 🗸🗸
Falls outside domestic customs zones and able to import items free of customs and trade restrictions, add value and then export their goods. 🗸🗸
Development and management done by private sector. 🗸🗸
Government IDZ policy designed to boost exports and jobs. 🗸🗸
IDZ’s aim to encourage economic growth –attract foreign investment in industrial development – facilitate international competitiveness regarding manufacturing. 🗸🗸 [Max 26]

ADDITIONAL PART FINANCIAL INCENTIVES Small and Medium Enterprise Development Programme (SMEDP) • This incentive has provided a tax-free cash grant for investment in industries in

South Africa. 🗸🗸
E.g. manufacturing, agricultural, processing, aquaculture and tourism. 🗸🗸

Critical Infrastructure Fund Programme (CIF)

A tax-free cash grant incentive for projects has improved critical infrastructure in South Africa. 🗸🗸
E.g. for installation, construction of infrastructure, payment of employees, materials directly consumed during installation. 🗸🗸

Duty Free Incentives (for businesses operating in the IDZ’s)

This has encouraged export-orientated manufacturing to increase their competitiveness 🗸🗸
And helped to promote foreign and local direct investment. 🗸🗸

Foreign Investment Grant (FIG)

This has assisted foreign investors to invest in new manufacturing businesses in SA. 🗸🗸
Benefited in terms of the cost of relocating new machinery and equipment from abroad. 🗸🗸

Strategic Investment Projects (SIP)

This has attracted investment from local and foreign entrepreneurs in manufacturing, computer, research and engineering sectors. 🗸🗸

Skills Support Programme (SIP)

This cash grant for skills development has encouraged greater investment 🗸🗸
In training in general and stimulated the development of new advanced skills. 🗸🗸

Black Businesses Supplier Development Programme (BBSDP)

This 80 % cash grant has provided black-owned enterprises with access to 🗸🗸
Training which has improved management of their enterprises. 🗸🗸

Special Economic Zones (SEZ)

It is an extention to the current financial incetives to further promoted regional development. 🗸🗸
The major incentive is a tax reduction of 15 % for businesses settling in this area. 🗸🗸
This does not mean that existing businesses in the IDZ can relocate to take advantage of this incentive. 🗸🗸
If a current business in the IDZ wants to expand they are allowed. 🗸🗸 [Max 10]

CONCLUSION From the above discussion it is clear that different initiatives form part of South Africa’s Regional Industrial Development Programme. [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION Economic indicators are used to evaluate the economic performance of an economic unit. This unit can be a company, an industry, a country or a region. Macro-economic indicators, measures the economic performance of a country as a whole. 🗸🗸

BODY-MAIN PART Such indicators can provide an indication of:

Changes taking place in a country. 🗸🗸
How a country compares to other countries. 🗸🗸

Inflation Rate

This is the general increase in the price level of goods and services in the economy over a certain period in time. E.g. one year. 🗸🗸
This is therefore an indicator of the health of the economy and it is monitored in two ways that is at the production wholesale level producer price level (PPI) and at the retail or consumer level consumer price index (CPI) 🗸🗸

The Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Shows the price increases of a representative (weighted) basket of goods and services that consumers buy. 🗸🗸
It is abbreviated as CPI this cover all the urban areas. 🗸🗸
It is an overall index and weights are obtained from expenditures of different income categories of households. 🗸🗸
It is the most comprehensive indicator measuring consumer inflation in the country. 🗸🗸
It shows changes in the general purchasing power of the rand and it is used for inflation targeting 🗸🗸
Is compiled by Stats SA and measures the change in the price level of a basket of consumer goods and services. 🗸🗸
The goods and services included in the basket are chosen to represent the goods and services purchased by an average household. 🗸🗸
This basket is adjusted from time to time as consumption patterns change. 🗸🗸
The inflation rate is the percentage change in the CPI from the previous year and can be calculated as follows:
Change in CPI x 100 🗸🗸 CPI

The Production Price Index (PPI)

Used to measure the price of goods that are produced domestically when they leave the factory year. 🗸🗸
The goods that are imported when they enter the country (at a port) and both of these are before consumers become involved. 🗸🗸
PPI consists of three baskets that are domestically manufactured outputs, e.g. changes in the PPI can be made monthly or quarterly or yearly. 🗸🗸
While changes in the imported products and exported commodities are given separately in the same report. 🗸🗸
PPI includes capital and intermediate goods but not services. 🗸🗸
It is based on a completely different type of a basket of items in the CPI. 🗸🗸
It measures the cost of production rather than the cost of living. 🗸🗸
It is used to predict consumer goods inflation (CPI) 🗸🗸
Which is also estimated and published on a monthly basis by Stats SA, is similar to the CPI, 🗸🗸
Except that it also includes the prices of raw materials and intermediary goods 🗸🗸 (i.e. goods that will be finished in the production process), excludes VAT and excludes services. 🗸🗸
Manufactured goods included in the PPI are priced when they leave the factory, not when they are sold to consumers. 🗸🗸
Unlike the CPI, the PPI therefore cannot be related directly to consumers’ living standards. 🗸🗸
The PPI is nevertheless very useful in the analysis of inflation because it measures the cost of production. 🗸🗸
A significant change in the rate of increase in the PPI is usually an indication that the rate of increase in the CPI will also change a few months later. 🗸🗸

The GDP Deflator Is a ratio that indicates the relationship of the GDP at nominal prices to the GDP at real prices. GDP deflator = Normal GDP x 100 🗸🗸 Real GDP

Nominal GDP

Is the value of total gross domestic product measured at current prices. 🗸🗸
While the real GDP is the value of total gross domestic product measured at constant prices.🗸🗸
So, the GDP deflator includes changes in the prices of exports but not of imports. 🗸🗸
In a small open economy, like that of South Africa where both, imports and exports are significant in relation to the total size of the economy. 🗸🗸
The exclusion of import prices is an important shortcoming. 🗸🗸

Unemployment rate

In terms of economic development, employment is a very important indicator. 🗸🗸
Employment is, however, not very easy to measure as so many people are employed in the informal sector which is not recorded. 🗸🗸
The concept of underemployment is also important. 🗸🗸
This is when someone is employed in a position that requires less skill than their ability. 🗸🗸
For example when a qualified accountant works as a delivery person because he or she cannot find employment as an accountant. 🗸🗸
Someone may also be employed on a part-time basis but would prefer to work full time. 🗸🗸
A labour force survey is published quarterly by Stats SA. 🗸🗸
This publication contains information and statistics concerning a variety of issues related to the labour market, including the official unemployment rate. 🗸🗸
It is a comprehensive survey and provides information on changes in employment in different provinces and industries. 🗸🗸
Employment in the informal sector, and even reasons for changes in employment figures. 🗸🗸
The unemployment rate is a percentage of the total labour force. 🗸🗸
The total labour force includes all employed people and unemployed people who are looking for work. 🗸🗸
The unemployment rate is a lagging indicator, which means that it will only change a few periods after the trend in the economy has changed. 🗸🗸
For example if the economy starts growing at a faster pace. 🗸🗸
The unemployment rate will only react to the growth after two or three quarters. 🗸🗸

Interest rates

Interest rates are important indicators of future economic activity, as the interest rate level is usually an important determinant when economic decisions are being taken. 🗸🗸
Both the general interest rate level and the structure of interest rates are important indicators.🗸🗸
There are many interest rates in the economy. 🗸🗸
Some are short term rates, such as the repo rate, which is the interest rates at which South Africa banks borrow from the Reserve Bank to finance their liquidity deficit. 🗸🗸
The difference between the short term interest rates and long term interest rates: 🗸🗸
Is called the interest rate spread and the term structure of interest rates provides an indication of the interest rates levels on loans or investments of different maturities. 🗸🗸
Usually we can expect the interest rates level in a developing country to be higher than the interest rate in a developed economy. 🗸🗸
This is due to the higher risk attached to the developing economy. 🗸🗸
Factors such as political and economic uncertainty cause this higher risk. 🗸🗸
Developing economies also need to attract foreign investment to their country to finance growth. 🗸🗸
Investors’ funds will move towards the highest yield and thereof. 🗸🗸
Developing countries cannot allow interest rates in their countries to become too low. 🗸🗸

Money Supply

The increase in the M3 money supply is an important economic indicator. 🗸🗸
If M, the money supply increases, this means that either (P) prices or Y (output) has to respond to the increase in M. 🗸🗸
Therefore, an increase in the money supply is an important indicator showing that output will increase. 🗸🗸
Whether this will translate to an increase in real production or the price level will depend on factors like production within the economy. 🗸🗸
In addition to economic growth the employment of people of working age (15 -64 years) is a majot economic objective. 🗸🗸
We need to know more than this; we need to know who the people are that need to be employed. 🗸🗸
The numbers are determined, not only by age, but also by people’s willingness to work. 🗸🗸

The Economically Active Population (EAP)

The EAP is also known as the labour force. 🗸🗸
It consists of people between the age of 15 and 64 who are willing to work for income in cash or in kind and includes: 🗸🗸
Workers in the formal sector- workers in the informal sector. 🗸🗸
Employers any one 🗸🗸
Self employed persons. 🗸🗸

Related Items

BBR or BSR - Economics Grade 12 Study Guides and Notes
SOUTH AFRICA'S ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE 12
TOURISM INFLATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE 12
INFLATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE 12
SOUTH AFRICA'S INDUSTRIAL POLICIES AND THEIR SUITABILITY IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE 12
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE 12
THE REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF MARKET FAILURES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE 12
THE DYNAMICS OF IMPERFECT MARKETS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADE 12

Unemployed Persons

The 2021 estimate of the South African population was million people. 🗸🗸
The EAP numbered million ( % of the population). 🗸🗸

The Employment Rate

The number of employed persons expressed as a percentage of the EAP gives the employment rate. 🗸🗸
The employment rate can also be converted into an index. 🗸🗸
The SA employment rate was % in 2011. 🗸🗸
This is low, compared to rates in developed and even some developing countries such as Argentina and Pakistan. 🗸🗸
In SA the growth in the economy is not accompanied by the similar growth in employment numbers. 🗸🗸

Employment indicators are used for:

To calculate trends in employment in different sectors or industries. 🗸🗸
This indicates structural changes in the economy. 🗸🗸
To calculate productivity. 🗸🗸
To show the success of the economy in utilizing its full potential. 🗸🗸

Unemployment Rate

Statistics SA (SSA) obtains its labour data each year from Quarterly Labour Surveys (QLFS). 🗸🗸
It uses the standard definition of the International Labour Office (ILO) to calculate unemployment. 🗸🗸
The strict definition of unemployment is used to calculate the unemployment rate. 🗸🗸
Did not work during the seven days prior to the interview. 🗸🗸
Want to work and are available to start work within a week of the week of the interview. 🗸🗸
Have taken active steps to look for work or to start some form of self-employment in four week prior to the interview. 🗸🗸
In SA the official unemployment rate was % in 2021. 🗸🗸
In developed countries, change in the unemployment rate trigger responses. 🗸🗸
From governments to fine-tune the economy. 🗸🗸
Increases require more funds for unemployment insurance (UIF) drawings. 🗸🗸
In developing countries, unemployment is the most important cause of poverty. 🗸🗸 [Accept current statistical data] [Max 16]
To give a policy direction in the country. 🗸🗸
To develop mechanism to caution the most affected sectors of the economy promptly
e.g.during the 2019-2020 recession/pandemic some companies required a bail out from the government. 🗸🗸
Develop some economic stabilisers to defuse the huge impact that may result from the unexpected economic downturn. 🗸🗸
Open some other alternative markets for their goods and services. 🗸🗸
To do research and advice the business community before the actual moment hits. 🗸🗸
It can be used to stimulate thinking and growth in a number of sectors in the Economy. 🗸🗸 [Accept any relevant consideration] [Max 10]

CONCLUSION Countries cannot survive and grow their economies if they do not pay attention to economic indicators for their planning processes. [Accept any relevant consideration] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION Social indicators also called human development indicators as they promote improvement in the standard of living. 🗸🗸 [Any other relevant definition] [Max 2]

BODY-MAIN PART Demographics

This is the description of the physical population and its composition.
To get this a census is done regularly to obtain this information. 🗸🗸

Human development Index (HDI)

This is a measure of people’s ability to live long and healthy lives, to communicate, 🗸🗸
To participate in the community and to have sufficient income to experience a decent lifestyle. 🗸🗸

Human poverty index (HPI)

It measures life expectancy is measured by the percentage of newborns not expected to survive to age 40. 🗸🗸
Lack of education is measured by the percentage of adults who are ill- educated. 🗸🗸

Health and nutrition

Life expectancy birth. 🗸🗸
Infant mortality rate. 🗸🗸

Nutrition indicators

Daily calorie intake per person. 🗸🗸
The number of children who go hungry. 🗸🗸
These measures are important to government as they are supplying healthcare and sometime have to include legislation such as adding vitamin A to basic foodstuffs such as bread. 🗸🗸
The standard of living of people is directly connected to their education. 🗸🗸
Educated people are employable and can earn an income and provide for their own wants and needs. 🗸🗸

Two important measures are:

Secondary enrolment percemtage-how many children that start Grade 1 get to Grade 8 and finish Grade 12. 🗸🗸
Adult literacy- People over the age of 15 that can read and write. 🗸🗸
A large percentage of the annual budget is allocated to education. 🗸🗸
Because of our constitution certain basic services must be supplied by the government. 🗸🗸
These services have a direct effect on people’s living standards. 🗸🗸
Electricity 🗸🗸
Refuse disposal🗸🗸
Water supply🗸🗸
Sanitation🗸🗸

Housing and urbanisation

Urbanisation the process by which an increasing proportion of a country’s population is concentrated in its urban areas as a result of natural increase and migration from rural areas. 🗸🗸
This measures is important as more people come to live in urban areas the greater the demand for housing, services, education, health care etc. 🗸🗸
Housing the percentage of the population living in a permanent dwelling or house. 🗸🗸
The government issue housing subsidies to help poor people to own a house South African citizens or permanent residents earning R3 500 or less a month could apply for this subsidy. 🗸🗸

International comparisons

Figures collected by the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and United Nations provide the best data for comparison purpose. 🗸🗸

Other measures used:

Purchasing power parity (PPP) The number of units of one country’s currency that give the holder the same purchasing power as one unit of another country’s currency. 🗸🗸
The Big Mac Index, The index is based on the price of the Big Mac around the world as compared to its price in the United States. 🗸🗸 [Max 40]

CONCLUSION From the above discussion it is clear that social indicators play a significant role in South Africa. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance that we should study their uses in depth. [Max 2]

MICROECONOMICS-PAPER 2

INTRODUCTION A perfect market is a market structure which has a large number of buyers and sellers. OR The market price is determined by the industry (demand and supply curves). OR This means that individual businesses are price takers, i.e. they are not able to influence prices. OR Perfect competition is an imaginary situation, whereas monopolistic competition is a reality. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant introduction] [Max 2]

BODY-MAIN PART

The indicating of the equilibrium positions on the perfect market structure is of utmost importance because from this point where MC = MR
The dotted lines will be drawn to show economic profit or economics loss.
Where the dotted lines intersect the AC and AR curves either normal profit or economic profit or economic loss will be indicated and shadowed.

Mark allocation for graph:

Position / shape of MC curve = 1 mark
MR curve = 1 mark
Position / shape of AC curve = 2 marks
Equilibrium point = 1 mark
Indication of price / quantity = 1 mark
Shading of economic loss = 2 marks MAX MARKS = (8)

Allocate marks on the graph according to the rubric provided and if facts are duplicated again in writing, do not allocate marks. Max of 8 marks.

Equilibrium is at E 1 i.e. where MC = MR
At this point Q 1 goods are produced at a price of P 1
The averages cost for Q 1 units is point R on the AC curve
Price / AR is greater than AC ( TR > TC)
Therefore economic profit is represented by the area P 1 SRE 1
Equilibrium is at E 1 i.e. where MC = MR
At equilibrium (point E 1 ) average cost is equal to price
The AC curve is tangent to the demand curve which means that P/AR = AC (TR = TC)
The business makes normal profit which is the minimum earnings required to prevent the entrepreneur from leaving the industry.
Equilibrium is at E1, i.e. where MC = MR
At this point Q1 goods are produced at a price of P1
At equilibrium (point E1) price/AR is less than average cost/the AC curve is lies above the demand curve which means that P/AR < AC (TR < TC)
The business makes an economic loss A maximum of 24 marks will be allocated for graph illustration and analysis: 8 marks max per graph illustration - (Max 26 marks)

ADDITIONAL PART CONDITIONS For a market to successfully operate under perfect competition, the following conditions should prevail at the same time:

No firm can influence the market price (price takers) due to a large number of buyers and sellers
Products are identical (homogeneous)
There are no barriers of entry, meaning that there is freedom of entry and exit
Buyers and sellers act independently - no collusion between sellers
No government interference to influence the market – the market is unregulated
Free movement between markets - all factors of production are completely mobile
Both buyers and sellers have full knowledge of all the prevailing market conditions (perfect information)
If any of the above conditions are not met, the market is regarded as an imperfect market Any 5 x 2 = [Max 10 marks]

CONCLUSION Freedom of entry and exit into the perfect market alter the supply of goods on the market. This will result in changes in price which influences the profit or loss of a business. If price falls to a level where it is equal to the AVC then the firm will shut-down. [Max 2] Discuss the monopoly in detail (with/without the aid of graphs) (Imperfect Market)

INTRODUCTION A firm is regarded as a monopolist when it owns or controls the total supply of a scarce factor of production. Monopoly is a market structure where only one seller operates. 🗸🗸

BODY: MAIN PART The characteristics of a monopoly

Number of firms

The monopoly consists out of one single firm. 🗸🗸
The monopoly is also the industry. 🗸🗸
Example: Eskom or De Beers – diamond-selling 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant example]

Nature of product

The product is unique with no close substitute. 🗸🗸
Example: Diamonds are unique. 🗸🗸

Market entry

Refers to how easy or difficult it is for businesses to enter or to leave the market 🗸🗸
Is entirely/completely blocked. 🗸🗸
Economies of scale 🗸🗸
Limited size of the market 🗸🗸
Exclusive ownership of raw materials 🗸🗸
Licensing 🗸🗸
Sole rights 🗸🗸
Import restrictions 🗸🗸

They decide on their production level

The monopolist cannot set the level of output and the price independently of each other. 🗸🗸
If a monopolist wants to charge a higher price, it has to sell fewer units of goods. 🗸🗸 Alternatively, a reduction in price will result in a higher output sold. 🗸🗸
A monopolist is confronted with a normal market demand curve 🗸🗸
The demand curve slopes downwards from left to right 🗸🗸
Any point on the monopolist’s demand curve (D) is an indication of the quantity of the product that can be sold and the price at which it will trade. 🗸🗸

They are exposed to market forces

Consumers have limited budgets and a monopoly can therefore not demand excessive prices for its product. 🗸🗸
The monopolist’s product has to compete for the consumer’s favour and money with all other products available in the economy. 🗸🗸

They face substitutes

There are few products that have no close substitutes. 🗸🗸
For example, cell phones can compete with telephone services. 🗸🗸

They may enjoy favourable circumstances

Sometimes an entrepreneur may enjoy favourable circumstances in a certain geographical area. 🗸🗸
For example, there may be only one supplier of milk in a particular town. 🗸🗸

They may exploit consumers

Because a monopolist is the only supplier of a product, there is always the possibility of consumer exploitation. 🗸🗸
However, most governments continually take steps to guard against such practices. 🗸🗸

Market Information

All information on market conditions is available to both buyers and sellers. 🗸🗸
This means that there are no uncertainties. 🗸🗸

Control over price

In the case of a monopoly there are considerable price control, but limited by market demand and the goal of profit maximisation. 🗸🗸

Long-run economic profit Can be positive

Because new entries are blocked and short-run economic profit therefore cannot be reduced by new competing firms entering the industry 🗸🗸
The monopoly can thus continue to earn economic profit as long as the demand for its product remains intact 🗸🗸

Heading = 1 mark AC = 1 mark DD/AR = 1 mark MC = 1 mark Profit maximisation point =1 mark Labelling of the axis = 1 mark Labelling on the axis = 1 mark

Long run equilibrium of a perfect competitor

CONCLUSION A monopoly does not always make economic profit in the short run; it can also make economic loss in the short run if the total cost exceeds total revenue. 🗸🗸

INTRODUCTION

The oligopoly is a type of imperfect market in which only a few large producers dominate the market. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant and correct response]

MAIN PART Nature of product

The product may be homogeneous in a pure oligopoly. 🗸🗸
If the product is differentiated, it is known as a differentiated oligopoly. 🗸🗸

Market information

There is incomplete information on the product and the prices. 🗸🗸
Market entry is not easy, it is limited in the sense that huge capital outlay might be necessary. 🗸🗸
Oligopolists have considerable control over price, it can influence price, but not as much as the monopolist. 🗸🗸
Oligopolies can frequently change their prices in order to increase their market share and this result in price wars. 🗸🗸

Mutual dependence

The decision of one firm will influence and be influenced by the decisions of the other competitors. 🗸🗸
Mutual dependence (interdependence) exists amongst these businesses.
A change in the price or change in the market share by one firm is reflected in the sales of the others. 🗸🗸

Non-price competition

Non - price competition can be through advertising, packaging, after-sales services. 🗸🗸
Since price competition can result in destructive price wars, oligopolies prefer to compete on a different basis. 🗸🗸
Participants observe one another carefully- when one oligopolist launches an advertising campaign, its competitors soon follow suite. 🗸🗸
If oligopolies operate as a cartel, firms have an absolute cost advantage over the rest of the other competitors in the industry. 🗸🗸
Collusion is a strategy used by firms to eliminate competition amongst each other. 🗸🗸
It can be in a form of overt collusion where firms can work together to form a cartel and tacit collusion where a dominating business controls the price. 🗸🗸

Limited competition

There are only a few suppliers manufacturing the same product. 🗸🗸

Economic profit

Oligopolies can make an economic profit over the long term. 🗸🗸
Abnormal profits may result to joint decision-making in an oligopoly. 🗸🗸

Demand curve

Slope from left down to the right. 🗸🗸
It is known as the kinked demand since it contains the upper relatively elastic slope and the lower relatively inelastic slope. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant and correct response] [Max. 26]

ADDITIONAL PART Oligopolist may increase their market share using non-price competition strategies by:

branding their product to create an impression that its product is for a particular age group or income group. 🗸🗸
aggressive advertising which inform customers about the business or product it provides.🗸🗸
Using appealing packaging to bring out important features of their product.
improving their customer service in order to ensure that they return to their businesses.🗸🗸
providing relevant and precise information, which is crucial to the customers, since there are competitors in the market, customers will patronize the businesses that provides relevant information. 🗸🗸
extending shopping hours to the convenience of customers.
Offering loyalty rewards to customers which will encourage their return to spend accumulated rewards. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant response] [Max.10]
In South Africa, oligopolists have been found to be illegally manipulating prices to their benefit, yet to the detriment of consumers and have been penalized for such action. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant response]

Compare and contrast any TWO types of market structures (perfect to imperfect/imperfect to imperfect) in detail in terms of the following. - Number of businesses - Nature of product - Entrance - Control over prices - Information - Examples - Demand curve - Economic profit/loss - Decision-making - Collusion - Productive/Technical efficiency - Allocative efficiency (Perfect Market and Imperfect Market)

‘’Market structures are classified under Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly’’ Compare all FOUR market structures in a tabular form. NB: Learners should write in full sentences even if the comparison is done in a tabular format). (Marks depend on the combination of market structures to be examined)

PLEASE NOTE: THE ABOVE TABLE SHOULD BE VERBALLY WRITTEN AS PER ESSAY INSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION Market failure is when the forces of supply and demand fail to allocate resources efficiently / when markets fail to allocate goods and services efficiently. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other correct introduction] [Max 2]

BODY: MAIN PART

1. Missing Markets

Markets are often incomplete in the sense that they cannot meet the demand for certain goods. 🗸🗸
Public goods:
They are not provided by the price mechanism because producers cannot withhold the goods from non-payment and there is often no way of measuring how much a person consumes. 🗸🗸

Public goods have the following features: Non-rivalry:

The consumption by one person does not reduce the consumption of another person e.g. a lighthouse. 🗸🗸

Non-excludability:

Consumption cannot be confined to those who have paid, so there are free riders e.g. radio and TV in South Africa. 🗸🗸

Merit goods

These are goods/services that are deemed necessary or beneficial to the society, e.g. education, health care etc. 🗸🗸
These goods are highly desirable for general welfare but not highly rated by the market, therefore provide inadequate output/supply. 🗸🗸
If people had to pay market prices for them relatively too little would be consumed – the market will fail. 🗸🗸
The reason for undersupply of merit goods is that the market only takes the private costs and benefits into account and not the social costs and benefits. 🗸🗸

Demerit goods

These are goods/services that are regarded as bad or harmful for consumption hence we should use less of these e.g. alcohol, cigarettes, etc. 🗸🗸
Demerit goods lead to a lot of social costs, therefore, the government charges sin tax / excise duties to discourage the consumption of such goods. 🗸🗸
While the market is willing to supply demerit goods, it tends to oversupply demerit goods. 🗸🗸
Some consumers may be unaware of the true cost of consuming them. 🗸🗸

2 Lack of information

Technical and allocative efficiency require that both producers and consumers have complete and accurate information about the costs and benefits of the goods and services produced and consumed in the market. Producers and consumers make production and consumption decisions based on the information they have. 🗸🗸
When information is incomplete or inaccurate, it leads to wrong decisions about what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce, and a waste of resources occurs. 🗸🗸
Producers might not know all the different technologies and production techniques that are available and the different resources that can best be used to produce goods/services more efficiently. 🗸🗸
Consumers might not know that the price of a product is lower from some other suppliers or about the harmful effects of a product since they might just base their decisions to consume on the information from a misleading suppliers. 🗸🗸

3. Immobility of factors of production

Markets do not respond to changes in consumer demand if resources cannot be easily reallocated or due to a lack of information🗸🗸
Labour takes time to move to into new occupations and geographically to meet the changes in consumer demand. 🗸🗸
Physical capital e.g. equipment, buildings, land and raw materials can only move from one place to another at a high cost, but cannot be moved to fit a change in demand. 🗸🗸
Technological applications change production methods e.g. use of robots rather than physical labour. It takes time for most industries to adapt. 🗸🗸
With greater technological change there is an increasing need for workers to become flexible, to update skills, change employment, occupations and work patterns. 🗸🗸 [Max 26]
Motivate why government has implemented a national minimum wage in the labour market. 🗸🗸
Pressure was put on the South African government to introduce labour laws which require employers to pay minimum wages. 🗸🗸
The application of minimum wage laws is needed to improve a redistribution of income. 🗸🗸

The main objectives were:

To redress inequality (Gap between wealthy and poor) 🗸🗸
To improve the standard of living. 🗸🗸
Government tried to protect domestic workers and farm workers — thus preventing exploitation. 🗸🗸 [Max 10] [Accept any other correct relevant response]

CONCLUSION Governments intervene in the market when market forces cannot achieve the desired output. [Max 2] [Accept any other relevant conclusion]

INTRODUCTION The purpose of government intervention is to ensure that the right quantity of resources is allocated to the production of output so that society as a whole [Accept any other relevant introduction] [Max 2] maximizes its benefits. 🗸🗸

Sometimes government will set the price of a good or service at a maximum level that is below the market price 🗸🗸
The government intervene and passes a law that suppliers may not charge more than the maximum price 🗸🗸
The immediate effect is that quantity supply will drop 🗸🗸
The original market equilibrium price and quantity is P and Q respectively 🗸🗸
The price set by the government is P1, at this price the demand will increase to Q1 and the supply will decrease to Q2 🗸🗸
The difference between Q1 and Q2 is the shortfall that will be created on the market 🗸🗸
The shortage caused by the price ceiling creates a problem of how to allocate the good since the demand has increased 🗸🗸
Black markets start to develop [Mark allocation: Graph 6 and discussion max. 10 marks]
The appropriate way to intervene in the market by government is by levying taxes as a method to recover external cost 🗸🗸
The original market equilibrium at e, with P as the equilibrium price and Q as the equilibrium quantity 🗸🗸
The tax increase will shift the supply curve to the left 🗸🗸
New equilibrium at E1 🗸🗸
A tax would raise the price from P to P1 🗸🗸
The production will decrease from Q to Q1 🗸🗸 [Mark allocation: Graph total 6 marks and discussion max 10 marks]
Explain the supply of undesirable goods in South Africa and how the government can deal with it. 🗸🗸
Items such as cigarettes, alcohol and non-prescription drugs are examples of demerit or undesirable goods. 🗸🗸
These goods are often over supplied in the market, due to the fact that the external cost is not added to the market price. 🗸🗸
Some consumers may be unaware of the true cost of consuming them, their negative externalities. 🗸🗸
Government can ban their consumption or reduce it by means of taxation. 🗸🗸
Taxation on these products will increase the market price and hopefully the demand for these products will drop. 🗸🗸 [10 marks] [Accept any other correct relevant response]

CONCLUSION The intervention of government ensures that inefficiencies is eliminated and that the market is operating effectively 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant conclusion] [Max 2]

CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES-PAPER 2

This is a constant and significant increase in the general price level of goods and services in the country over a certain period of time, e.g. a year. 🗸🗸 [Max 2] [Accept any relevant introduction]

BODY-MAIN PART Creditors and Debtors

Whereas borrowers (debtors) benefit from price increases, lenders (creditors) suffer due to price increases. 🗸🗸
This is because borrowers receive money with a relatively high purchasing power and they repay their loans with money with low purchasing power, unless interest rates are sufficient to prevent this occurrence. 🗸🗸

Salary and Wage Earners

Price increases affect people whose incomes are relatively fixed (in other words, people whose incomes remains constant or do not increase at the same rate as prices do. 🗸🗸
This group includes retired people, pensioners and the poor. 🗸🗸
As prices increase, their almost fixed incomes purchase less and less. 🗸🗸
However there are individuals and entrepreneurs whose incomes often increase at a rate that is higher than the inflation rate and they do not suffer but gain from inflation. 🗸🗸
Globalization results in increased employment opportunities in the economy due to increased productivity, the need to produce more goods both for local and international markets rises in globalised economies. 🗸🗸
The demand for increased skilled labour becomes a need as a result, this demand for labour benefits the local labour market in increased employment opportunities and growth. 🗸🗸

Investors and Savers

Different types of investments are affected by inflation: Assets with fixed nominal values. 🗸🗸
These assets have a fixed nominal value and give a return if they are held until maturity. 🗸🗸
When they are paid, because their nominal values remain constant, the purchasing power of the nominal values decreases as prices increase (that is, their real value decreases). 🗸🗸

Assets with Flexible Market Values

The holders of shares and fixed property usually gain by price increases because the nominal values of these assets tend to increase at least proportionately to the rate of inflation (that is, their market values are flexible). 🗸🗸
Often the prices of these assets increase more rapidly than increases in the general price level.🗸🗸
In this case, inflation creates wealth to the advantage of those holding such assets. 🗸🗸
South Africa has a progressive personal income tax system. 🗸🗸
This means that marginal and average tax rates increase in harmony with the income level. 🗸🗸
The higher level an individual’s income, the greater the percentage of income he or she has to pay tax. 🗸🗸
With inflation, taxpayers’ nominal income (wages and salaries) rise even when their real income remain unchanged. 🗸🗸

Taxes are levied on nominal income and not on real income.

Therefore if the income tax schedule remains unchanged inflation increases the average rate of personal income tax. 🗸🗸
Individuals will have to pay higher taxes even if they are actually no better off than before. 🗸🗸
This phenomenon known as bracket creep, lads to a redistribution of income from taxpayers to the government. 🗸🗸
Bracket deep results from a combination of inflation and progressive income tax. 🗸🗸
It has the same effect as an increase in the tax rate. 🗸🗸

Industrial Peace

Wage bargaining is often accompanied by strikes and mass action. 🗸🗸
These actions can sometimes spill over into violence, which affects society at large. 🗸🗸
In extreme situations in the presence of exceptionally high inflation together with a government that is determined not to yield to wage increase demands (which can push inflation to even higher levels), widespread civil unrest follows. 🗸🗸

Inflation has a negative effect on economic growth

Inflation leads to increased uncertainty in the economy. 🗸🗸
This uncertainty discourages savings and investments especially in the long term. 🗸🗸
Which are necessary for economic growth –result reduced economic growth. 🗸🗸

Inflation affects the real money value and savings

Because inflation reduces the real value of money, it affects the real value of money saved in particular. 🗸🗸
This means that inflation, the rand buys fewer goods and services than before. 🗸🗸
It also means that the real money value saved is worth less at the end of the savings period than when the money was saved. 🗸🗸
e.g. if a consumer receives 5 % interest on his/her savings account while the inflation rate is 8%, then the real rate of interest on the consumer’s savings is -3%.🗸🗸

Inflation has an adverse effect on a country’s balance of payments (BOP).

If a country’s rate of inflation is higher than that of its trading partners the prices of exported goods increase while the prices of imported goods decrease. 🗸🗸
This leads to loss of competitiveness in the export market, which in turn leads to decreased exports. 🗸🗸

This has a negative effect on the country’s balance of payments (BOP).

The loss of export competiveness can also increase unemployment inflation affects the redistribution of income in a country. 🗸🗸

The effects of inflation are uneven.

While it does not clearly benefit anyone and certainly harms most, it also harms some less than others. 🗸🗸
Inflation also tends to redistribute income from low-income groups to higher income groups. 🗸🗸
This is because people in the low income groups do not have assets than can rise in value faster than the rate of inflation to help them overcome the effects of inflation. 🗸🗸
Powerful groups such as trade unions large companies and the wealthy people, are able to increase their share of national income at the expense of disadvantaged people such as pensioners the unemployed and the welfare recipients. 🗸🗸

Inflation has social and political costs

When inflation continually causes rising prices it makes people unhappy and can disturb relations between employers and the employees and between customers and traders or service providers. 🗸🗸
People in lower-income brackets feel severe effects of increases in the price of essential items such as bread, maize meal rental and transport costs. 🗸🗸
This can lead to social unrest and political unrest. 🗸🗸

Inflation feeds on itself and causes further inflation

This is called the inflation spiral. 🗸🗸 e.g. higher wage demands cause producers to increase their prices to maintain their profits.
This happens again and again pushing prices further every time. 🗸🗸
If the government does not keep this wage price spiral in check, inflation may get out of control and become hyperinflation. 🗸🗸 [Max 26]

ADDITIONAL PART Debate the merits (benefits) of administered prices by the government

These are prices regulated by the government e.g. home owner’s costs on water/household fuel (paraffin and electricity) medical care (public hospitals) communication (telephone calls, telephone rentals and installations/postage cell communications /transport (petrol). 🗸🗸
Most of the administered prices are adjusted once a year which brings price stability. 🗸🗸
Regulated prices are restricted as to the extent to which prices may vary, depending on the government’s objectives. 🗸🗸
Administered prices provide additional revenue to national treasury. 🗸🗸
It appears that some of these prices remain extremely robust over the short term. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant response] [Max 10]
If inflation is not controlled by the proper and effective instruments, it can have challenging problems to the economy in general. 🗸🗸

INTRODUCTION COST PUSH Inflation is a sustained and significant increase in general price level over a period of time and a simultaneous decrease in the purchasing power of money. Accept any other relevant introduction. 🗸🗸 [Max 2]

BODY: MAIN PART Causes of cost-push inflation

Increase in Wages:

In South Africa, increase in wages constitute more than 50% of Gross Value Added at basic prices 🗸🗸
If the increase in wages is not accompanied by an increase in production, the cost of production will rise 🗸🗸
Producers will increase the prices of their products to offset the high cost of production strikes and stay-aways / labour union activities 🗸🗸

Key inputs/ increase in prices of imported capital goods

When the prices of key inputs that are imported increase, domestic cost of production 🗸🗸
increases especially in the manufacturing sector 🗸🗸
Supply shocks e.g. sudden increase of oil causes a knock-off effect 🗸🗸

Exchange rate depreciation

A decrease in the value of the rand will result in an increase in prices of imports 🗸🗸

Profit margins

When firms increase profit margins, the prices that consumers pay also increase 🗸🗸
Sometimes firms use their market power to push up prices 🗸🗸

Productivity

Less productive factors of production will lead to increased cost per unit 🗸🗸
Strikes and stay-aways often reduce production output and can result in price increases 🗸🗸

Natural disasters

Natural disasters such as drought, flood and global warming can impact on the cost of production 🗸🗸
This is often the case in relation to food prices 🗸🗸
An increase in interest rates results businesses paying more money for capital loaned firms recover these costs by increasing the prices of their products 🗸🗸

Increase in taxation

Increase in direct tax like company income tax may lead to businesses increasing their prices to offset the extra burden 🗸🗸
Increase in indirect tax such as custom duty will lead to increase in costs of supplying a particular product, therefore the price will increase 🗸🗸
Administered prices increase e.g. fuel prices
Shoplifting and losses caused by employees are added to the prices of products 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant fact. Maximum 8 marks for headings] [Max. 26]

DEMAND PULL INFLATION Total spending on domestic goods and services in the economy consists of the spending by households, firms, the government and the foreign sector.

Total spending = C + I + G + (X-M). 🗸🗸

Causes of demand inflation Increase in consumption [C] – consumers expenditure will increase mainly for three reasons:

a. If consumers save less & spend more🗸🗸
b. Decrease in personal income tax. 🗸🗸
c. A greater availability of consumer credit, because of decrease in interest rate. 🗸🗸

Investment [I] –When business invest this increase demand for labour, cement, sand and bricks. 🗸🗸

Supply cannot keep up with the increase in demand and this will increase prices. 🗸🗸
Lower interest rates may result in an improvement in the sentiment and profit expectations of businesses. 🗸🗸
Businesses invest more and this may lead to an increase in the demand of goods and services that are part of the investment (for example, a new building requires cement bricks and labour).🗸🗸
If aggregate demand increases at a faster rate than aggregate supply, price increases will follow.🗸🗸

Government Spending [G] – Three main reasons.

a. New capital projects🗸🗸
b. Consumption expenditure on education, health, and protection. 🗸🗸
c. Social expenditure on public work programme to create jobs and increase in social allowances. 🗸🗸

Export earnings [X]

a. When economy of trading country improve. 🗸🗸
b. When global economy expands. 🗸🗸

Access to credit

There is greater availability of consumer credit (by means of credit cards) of the availability of cheaper credit as a result of decreases in lending rates. As new credit is extended the credit multiplier kicks in and more credit is created. 🗸🗸

Consumption spending

Most governments will at times increase expenditures on education, health, protection and safety (for example, military equipment such as bomber jets and submarines). 🗸🗸

Social spending

Governments sometimes feel they have to do something substantive about unemployment and poverty. 🗸🗸
They borrow money and spend it on public works programmes or raise the level of social grants year after year at a higher rate than the inflation rate. 🗸🗸
Such expenditures invariably lead to inflation because they add to aggregate demand without adding anything to aggregate supply. 🗸🗸

Commodities demand

The world’s demand for commodities expands and contracts like business cycles do. During an expansionary period, foreign demand increases and this leads to greater volumes of exports. The income earned from these exports adds to aggregate demand and prices increase. 🗸🗸

BODY: ADDITIONAL PART YES / NO

Inflation targeting is when a particular percentage is set as an acceptable level for an increase in general price levels 🗸🗸
The SARB's inflation target is a range of 3% and 6% 🗸🗸
The aim of inflation targeting policy is to achieve and maintain price stability 🗸🗸
The implementation of the inflation target is easy to understand – expressed in numbers which makes it very clear and transparent 🗸🗸
It reduces uncertainty and promotes sound planning in the public and private sectors 🗸🗸
It provides an explicit yardstick that serves to discipline monetary policy and improves the accountability of the central banks 🗸🗸
The SARB make use of monetary policy, specifically the repo rate to keep the inflation within the target range 🗸🗸
The government make use of fiscal policy regarding public sector revenue and expenditure 🗸🗸

Positive effects

Where demand is higher than supply an increase in interest rates help to bring the demand down 🗸🗸
The policy can helps businesses to make economic plans without worrying about the effects of high inflation 🗸🗸
South Africa's price level has been fairly stable since the introduction of the inflation targeting policy in 2000 🗸🗸

Negative effects

Inflation targeting can cause a reduction in economic growth 🗸🗸
This is because the raising of interest rates, result in a decrease in total spending which is needed for production to increase 🗸🗸
Decreased economic growth can increase unemployment 🗸🗸
South Africa has been experiencing an increase in unemployment since the implementation of the policy in 2000 🗸🗸
Inflation targeting is difficult to implement when the cause of inflation is supply shocks 🗸🗸 [Max. 10]
A summary of what has been discussed without repeating facts already mentioned in the body. 🗸🗸
An opinion or valued judgement on the facts discussed. 🗸🗸
Additional support information to strengthen the discussion. 🗸🗸
A contradictory viewpoint with motivation. 🗸🗸
Recommendations. 🗸🗸
E.g. Inflation can be a threat to the normal functioning of the economy; therefore, measures like monetary and fiscal are vital to keep the phenomenon under control. 🗸🗸
This is the activities of people travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for a period not longer than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes and not related to a remunerative activity from within the place visited 🗸🗸 [Max 2]

BODY - MAIN PART Gross domestic product (GDP)

Tourism impacts mostly on the services industry than on agriculture or manufacturing although there are upstream effects when agriculture provides foodstuffs to restaurants and manufacturing provides vehicles for transport 🗸🗸

Direct contribution on GDP

Statistics South Africa (SSA) shows that in 2020 inbound tourists contributed R69 billion and domestic tourists R billion, amounting to R billion - about % of South Africa's GDP 🗸🗸

Indirect contribution on GDP

If the indirect contribution is added, tourism add about % to GDP 🗸🗸
The WTTC estimated that tourism contributed % to the GDP of the world economy in 2020🗸🗸
In developing economies the service sector is responsible for around % of GDP, while it is responsible for more than % of GDP in developed economies 🗸🗸
South Africa is similar to that of developed economies and services contributed more than % of GDP in 2020. 🗸🗸
Tourism has a major effect on employment and this amounted to million workers in 2020🗸🗸
Tourism is the world’s largest generator of jobs 🗸🗸
Tourism is labour intensive 🗸🗸
More jobs can be created with every unit of capital invested in tourism than elsewhere
Tourism employs many skills 🗸🗸
It ranges from accountants and hairdressers to tour guides and trackers, 🗸🗸
the tourism industry draws upon numerous skills 🗸🗸
Tourism can provide immediate employment 🗸🗸
If one quarter of tourists’ accommodation establishment in South Africa starts to offer live entertainment to quests, thousands of entertainers could be employed within days 🗸🗸
Tourism provides entrepreneurship opportunities 🗸🗸
The tourism industry accommodates informal sector enterprises, from craft and fruit vendors to pavement vendors, chair rentals 🗸🗸
Tourism is widely recognized as one of the fastest and more effective redistribution mechanisms in development 🗸🗸
It brings development to the poor in rural areas 🗸🗸
Tourism provides an alternative to urbanisation, permitting women and youth to continue a rural family lifestyle while giving them business opportunities 🗸🗸
E.g. to start and operate small-scale tourism businesses around community asserts (forests, parks and rivers) 🗸🗸

Externalities

The rapidly expanding tourism industry could have both positive and negative impacts that extend well into the future 🗸🗸
While tourism attracts large amount of revenue, it can also cause undue environmental damage that can harm the very foundation on which it depends 🗸🗸
All other economic resources, tourism uses resources and produces wastes and also creates environmental costs (pollution) and benefits in the process 🗸🗸
Rapid growth in tourism aiming at short-term benefits usually results in more negative effects and these includes the degeneration of traditions and cultural values and environmental damage to sites and setting 🗸🗸

Environment Tourism activities create environmental stress:

Permanent environmental restructuring which includes major infrastructure 🗸🗸
Waste product generation such as biological and non-biological waste that damages fish production 🗸🗸
Direct environmental stress caused by tourist activities, e.g. the destruction of vegetation and dunes 🗸🗸
Effects on population dynamics such as migration and increased urban densities 🗸🗸
Transport infrastructure, e.g. roads, airports 🗸🗸
Communication and infrastructure including telephone lines, electronic signal stations and radio, TVs’ 🗸🗸
Energy infrastructure such electricity and liquid fuel 🗸🗸
Basic service infrastructure such as clean water and sewerage systems 🗸🗸 [Max. 26]

ADDITIONAL PART How can Indigenous Knowledge Systems be used to promote tourism in South Africa?

More cultural villages can be improved to facilitate and promote tourism e.g. Shangana in Mpumalanga, Basotho in the Free State and Simunye Zulu Lodge in Kwazulu-Natal. 🗸🗸
Where guides explain and demonstrate storytelling and indigenous knowledge practices. 🗸🗸
Advertising campaigns domestically and internationally by travel agencies, hotels and B & B, lodges and SA Tourism can focus on promoting these heritage sites in brochures and fliers, social media. 🗸🗸
These actions will make tourists more aware of these attractions 🗸🗸
Encourage tourists to experience different cultures and townships - experience life at home with a household and eat at a shebeen or township restaurant 🗸🗸
World Heritage Sites of South Africa can be promoted for their cultural significance e.g. the Fossil Hominid Sites of Sterkfontein, Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape, Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape, Vredefort Dome and Robben Island 🗸🗸
Environmental World Heritage Sites of South Africa selected for their natural importance namely the Cape Floral Region Protected Areas, Isimangaliso Wetlands Park as well as uKhahlamba/Drakensberg Park which has been selected for its mixed significance 🗸🗸
Arts and culture festivals e.g. the National Arts Festival, the Hermanus Festival, Awesome Africa Music Festival and Macufe African Cultural Festival should more widely be advertised to encourage tourists to attend 🗸🗸
According to the World Health Organisation, a large majority of the African population make use of traditional medicines for health, social-cultural and economic reasons and forms part of the unique experience tourists experience when visiting local villages 🗸🗸
In South Africa tourists are made more aware of the important role traditional medicine plays in poverty reduction and employment creation 🗸🗸
Relaxation of restrictive tourist visa laws to facilitate easier entry into South Africa 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant answers] [Max. 10]
South Africa attracted over million tourists in 2020 /For every 8.1 additional tourist to South Africa, one new job is created/one per cent increase in tourism adds R million annually to the SA economy. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant higher order conclusion] [Max. 2]
Tourism is the activities of people travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for no more than one consecutive year for leisure, business or other purposes PP 🗸🗸 [Accept any other correct relevant response] [Max 2]

MAIN PART Business sector

Tourism stimulates business in areas such as accommodation and entertainment 🗸🗸
The construction industry, in private-public partnership with the government to provide the infrastructure, manufacturing sector and recreation sector all benefits from increased demand due to tourism 🗸🗸
The previously disadvantaged communities get entrepreneurial opportunities through the black economic empowerment schemes 🗸🗸
A large number of people get business opportunities in the informal sector e.g. selling of artefacts 🗸🗸
Local retailers may have an increase in sales (and profits) because of increased demand from tourists 🗸🗸
Private businesses and government work in partnership to provide the infrastructure needed for tourism 🗸🗸
This increases the market share of and income of the these businesses 🗸🗸
Allow existing businesses to improve the quality and variety of their products PP 🗸🗸
Allow natural monopolies e.g. Table Mountain Cableway to achieve abnormal profits PP 🗸🗸
The public sector also provides a range of financial incentives for private sector tourism investment (grants, subsidies, loans, tax rebates) PP 🗸🗸 [Max 10]

Infrastructure development

Adequate and well-maintained infrastructure is essential for tourist destinations PP. 🗸🗸
Locals share this infrastructure with tourists 🗸🗸
Government often prioritises economic infrastructure such as ports and beaches 🗸🗸
In addition to physical and basic infrastructure, social infrastructure is also important for the growth of tourism🗸🗸
Most of the SDIs and development corridors also have tourism as an important focus PP 🗸🗸 [Max 8]
Members of households earn income from the tourism sector as tour operators, travel agents etc. 🗸🗸
Many households are indirectly involved in tourism as employees e.g. in hotels, transport sector. 🗸🗸
Entrepreneurs from households that operate as curio producers or musicians can earn income from tourism . 🗸🗸
A large number of households acquire skills in the tourism industry. 🗸🗸
School curriculum and learnership offer opportunities to acquire these skills . 🗸🗸
Encourages rural development because many tourist attractions are located in rural areas PP 🗸🗸 [Accept any other correct relevant response] [Max. 26]

ADDITIONAL PART Tourism can be successfully marketed in less popular destinations by:

advertising the firms' attractions in a variety of media including social media and internet which may reach both local and international potential tourists. 🗸🗸
focusing on a clear message that concentrates on the strength of the attraction/ uniqueness of the destination. 🗸🗸
using the indigenous knowledge systems of that particular area where possible PP. 🗸🗸
describing the service offered in the best possible way to catch the interest of the likely tourist PP E.g. the use of slogans. 🗸🗸
charging a price that is competitive and money well spent for the service offered. 🗸🗸
helping the tourist to view the entire service as value for money – deliver a worldclass visitor experience 🗸🗸
highlighting other places of interest in the vicinity of the attraction as part of a package 🗸🗸
focusing on proudly South African products/services / Sho’t Left campaign PP 🗸🗸
help disadvantaged South Africans to benefit from tourist attractions in the less popular destinations PP 🗸🗸 [Accept any other correct relevant response] [Max. 10]

CONCLUSION A weaker exchange rate has been a major contributing factor to South Africa's tourism industry growth over many years. 🗸🗸 [Accept any correct relevant response] [Max 2]

INTRODUCTION Environmental sustainability can be defined as development that meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 🗸🗸

BODY: MAIN PART Public sector intervention Because it is difficult to enforce measures to ensure sustainability the government has to intervene. 🗸🗸

Environmental taxes Environmental taxes (green taxes) can be added to the cost of goods and services for the negative impact they have on the environment. 🗸🗸 The government uses the income generated through these taxes to protect the environment. 🗸🗸 Taxes can be imposed on petrol, paper, emission gases etc. 🗸🗸 In 2003 the government has legislated the use of biodegradable plastic bags which consumers had to pay for🗸🗸 The hope is that they will use fewer bags and ensure a litter free environment. 🗸🗸

Charging for dumping of waste A monthly fee as part of municipal accounts is charged for collection of waste, sewage and garbage. 🗸🗸 Households already pay for the collection of rubbish. 🗸🗸 The factory owner might clean up his waste if it cost him to dump it. 🗸🗸 Industries might also pay for emitting gases that can be harmful to people and the environment. 🗸🗸 Subsidies Subsidies can be awarded to businesses that are willing to reduce pollution and waste. 🗸🗸 Waste can also be reduced by using new techniques or equipment such as solar energy. 🗸🗸 Emission gases from factories can be reduced using new technology. 🗸🗸

Granting property rights Normally owners of properties tend to be more protective over their resources than users who are only interested in the profits the resources offer. 🗸🗸 For this reason the government might grant property rights over a specific area. 🗸🗸 Property rights empowers owners to negotiate contracts with businesses who wish to exploit the area’s resources. 🗸🗸

Marketable permits A government can decide on the maximum desired level of pollution in an area. 🗸🗸 It then distribute pollution rights (marketable permits) to factories within that area. 🗸🗸 This means that each factory can pollute to a certain limit. 🗸🗸 It means that marketable permits are licenses that polluters can buy or sell to meet the control levels set by government. 🗸🗸

Education Incorporating topics into the curriculum of school fosters awareness. 🗸🗸 The public is gradually been made aware of this rising problem. 🗸🗸 Plastic, bottles and cartons can be recycled or made biodegradable. 🗸🗸

Public sector control If the government’s intervention does not attain the desired results, then it has to intervene more directly by setting and enforcing limits. 🗸🗸

Environmental Impact Assessment In SA every projected construction, mining or similar development has to undergo an assessment by qualified environmental professionals. 🗸🗸 To prove that it will not cause unwarranted environmental damage and that the damage can be repaired after construction. 🗸🗸 The cost if built into the project. 🗸🗸

Command and Control Regulations that are set and enforce environmental limits or standards. 🗸🗸 Quantity: e.g. set the limit to the amount of fish to catch, or limit the season catching certain species of fish. 🗸🗸 Quality: e.g. drinking water quality is carefully monitored and controlled. 🗸🗸 Air quality in workplace is subject to minimum standards. 🗸🗸 Social effect: e.g. noxious fumes from factories, dumping of medical waste near settlements, and noise pollution. 🗸🗸

Voluntary agreements Agreements between government and businesses voluntarily to address negative environmental impacts of industries. 🗸🗸 Businesses voluntary agree to decrease the emissions of pollutants. 🗸🗸 Most prefer negotiations so that they can tailor their specific needs and include it into their planning🗸🗸 Agreements can be formal, which is legally binding contract or informal. 🗸🗸 [Max 26]

ADDITIONAL PART Government does not exercise effective control over the continuous dumping of waste because of a lack of coordination between departments. 🗸🗸 The fines imposed on industries that dump waste are too lenient and they continue polluting the environment. 🗸🗸

The minimum standards set for hazardous gas and fuel emissions are not enforced or adjusted. 🗸🗸 The recycling of waste materials are not widely encouraged and promoted and landfill sites are overflowing. 🗸🗸 Government has various laws that is not really effectively implemented. 🗸🗸 Poor service delivery also adds to the problem in certain areas. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant answer] [Max 10]

CONCLUSION Each and every individual, business and government needs to stand together to save our planet. [Accept any other relevant conclusion] [Max 2] Discuss in detail the following problems and the international measures taken to ensure sustainable development (Environmental Sustainability)

INTRODUCTION Environment refers to the physical surroundings and physical conditions that affect people’s lives. 🗸🗸 The ever-increasing pressure on our environment originates from increasing population numbers and excessive consumption🗸🗸 Our air, land, and water are under constant assault from the ever-growing ravages of man-made pollution generated chiefly by industrialized societies. 🗸🗸 [Accept any appropriate introduction] [Max 2]

BODY-MAIN PART Conservation

Conservation is necessary because human actions cause pollution and over-utilisation of resources. 🗸🗸
Conservation is a strategy aimed at achieving the sustainable use and management of natural resources. 🗸🗸
Conservation seeks a creative continuity of the environment while ensuring that change is sympathetic to the quality of life for both present and future generations. 🗸🗸
Certain aspects of conservation need to be taken into account.
Firstly, there is an opportunity cost. 🗸🗸
Secondly, externalities are often present. 🗸🗸
Lastly, self-interest has a short term horizon – meaning that decisions cannot be left entirely to market forces. 🗸🗸
Over utilization of resources causes a reduction in supply, increase in prices, contradiction of demand and a search for substitutes. 🗸🗸
This necessitates conservation of both renewable and non-renewable resources. 🗸🗸
Conservation has to be concerned with limiting what is harvested in order to maintain a stable stock at least at the minimum level. 🗸🗸
Government can use permits and quotas as two possible direct control methods in order to maintain the stock of resources at the minimum level. 🗸🗸

Preservation

Preservation involves any strategy undertaken to safeguard the environment, maintain its current condition and keep it as habitable as possible for people and animals. 🗸🗸
Heritage sites, indigenous forests, specifies of animals etc. that have special cultural or environmental significance, are often targeted preservation. 🗸🗸
Preservation is not likely to work as a private enterprise because the benefit to society is much bigger than the income of the producer. 🗸🗸
It may be possible to use cost-benefit analysis to calculate the social benefits of preservation of the environment.
The weaknesses in market solutions require the government to intervene in order to preserve environment assets. 🗸🗸
Government could do any of the following:
Buy or expropriate – Environmental assets are simply closed for human use. 🗸🗸
Subsidise-A subsidy would increase net benefits to the owner and raise the property’s present value. 🗸🗸
Controls – The government can compel the owner to apply control measures like restricting the quantities exploited or number of visitors allowed per day. 🗸🗸 [26 Max]

ADDITIONAL PART Stockholm Conference (1972)

The Stockholm Conference was the first major large scale international meeting on the environment convened with the support of the United Nations. 🗸🗸
The meeting agreed upon a declaration containing 26 principles concerning the environment and development, an action plan with 109 recommendations and a resolution. 🗸🗸
The meeting directly impacted on the environmental policies of many countries. 🗸🗸

Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit (1992)

This meeting acknowledged the importance of cooperation in addressing environmental concerns that threaten sustainability. 🗸🗸
The conference helped to make countries around the world aware of the dangers of unsustainable development. 🗸🗸
Unfortunately the principles outlined and accepted at the summit were not binding and subsequently many countries did not confirm to them. 🗸🗸

Rio + 5 (1997)

This conference noted that globalization made some countries poorer – 🗸🗸
In particular African countries and the least developed countries showed a low level of growth or even declined. 🗸🗸

Kyoto Protocol for Climate Change (1997)

Countries committed themselves to reducing their total emissions of greenhouse by 5 %.🗸🗸
Unfortunately, China was excluded from this agreement and the USA withdrew. 🗸🗸

World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)

The objective of this summit held in Johannesburg was to conserve natural resources in a world that is growing in population. 🗸🗸
The meeting focused on issues like poverty eradication, water and sanitation, energy, health agriculture and biodiversity. 🗸🗸

COP 17 (2011)

The main goal of the conference held in Durban was to establish a treaty to limit carbon emissions and plan strategies to keep global temperature rise to less than 2 degree Celsius in the 21st Century. 🗸🗸
Although the framework for this treaty was established it was not finalised. 🗸🗸
The solution to our environmental problems will depend on our ability to make sound economic decisions that take account of the natural environment and to change our individual behaviour and attitudes. 🗸🗸 [Accept any other relevant conclusion] [Max 2]

NON LANGUAGES

Agricultural management practices, agricultural sciences, agricultural technology, business studies, civil technology, computer application technology, consumer studies, dance studies, dramatic arts, electrical technology, engineering graphic and design, hospitality studies, information technology, life sciences, mathematical literacy, mathematics, mechanical technology, physical sciences, religion studies, technical mathematics, technical sciences, visual arts.

Examinations Grade 12 Past Exam papers ANA Exemplars Matric Results

Curriculum Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements Practical Assessment Tasks School Based Assessment Mind the Gap Study Guides Learning and Teaching Support Materials

Research EMIS Research Protocols Schools Masterlist Data

Teacher Development Initial Teacher Education National Recruitment Database National Teaching Awards Register as an Educator

Information for... Certification Services Learners Teachers Parents and Guardians Principals Education Districts SGB's Researcher

National Office Address: 222 Struben Street, Pretoria Call Centre: 0800 202 933 | [email protected] Switchboard: 012 357 3000

Certification [email protected] 012 357 4511/3

Government Departments Provincial Departments of Education Government Services

2017 – My Year to Shine

As with every year, I kept an ongoing list for my possible words in 2017. I tend to start this list around February because sometimes ideas come to me early in the year and I want to track them for different reasons. Throughout the year, different words feel like winners. They feel really strong. Here’s a peek at this year’s list:

adventure**

The ones with the stars were ones I kept coming back to a few times. I have a tough time choosing words for several reasons.

I don’t want to pick a word for something I wish I were. Like “easy.” I feel that when I pick a word that’s likely to make me feel intimidated, I spend most of the year feeling bad about letting myself down. The word should push/encourage me but it shouldn’t be aspirational. It should be inspirational.
I loved my 2015 word (brave) so much that I feel I am always trying to find a word that will be as magical as brave was for me. I am learning that I will just have to carry brave around with me forever and not worry about having such a powerful word each time.
Some words are more action oriented (like brave, adventure, nourish) and some are more introspective (like easy, equable, magic) and what I want is a combination of both.

As it seems to be my trend lately, I picked my word many many months before the year started. Even though I went back and forth many times and I am still finding myself wavering at times, I’ve settled on SHINE for 2017.

This word is coming from a story I mentioned a while back. Back when I was training to be a life coach, in one of my classes, we did a visualization exercise called The Captain. During my exercise, I was sitting in the woods (peaceful, quiet woods) when this little girl (who looked like me) came over to me and gave me a box. Inside the box was light. When I opened it, it shone everywhere, it filled the forest up. She said it was my light and that she was a reminder to let my light shine and that I was here to also be the reflection for others’ light so I can show them how their light is shining, too.

I know it sounds corny. But this is what happened when I did the exercise and I haven’t stopped thinking about it even though it was quite a few years ago, now. So when I was thinking about my word, I decided this was my year to shine (and help others shine).

I was tempted to choose light for my word this year because it feels easier. And it has so much room for multiple meanings. Shine sounds selfish and like being the center of attention. I don’t like either of those things. But I reminded myself that the girl told me to shine. So I decided to stick with it and understand this word a bit better. Here’s what shine means to me:

Heal : To shine means I will focus on healing the parts of me that feel broken. To see myself as whole and enough. It means I am going to work on remembering that I have this big source of light inside me and that part of me overshadows everything else. Light comes through the cracks and it takes over the dark. I will embrace me, all of me, and let my true self shine.
Open : To shine means to be open and to receive and give generously. There’s no limit to my light. I will not run out. I can feel others with mine and also allow myself to bask in theirs because it’s an unlimited resource. I am open.
Bold : To shine means to be brave. To show up. To be bold. There’s no more hiding in the shadows. No siting back. It’s being there. Being visible. Radiating.
Reflect : A big part of shine for me is reflecting other people’s light back on to them. Reminding everyone of how they have their own amazing light inside and encouraging them to shine, too. Imagine if we all chose to shine, how amazing would it be?

So there we go. Here’s to a year of radiance. Illumination. A year full of shimmer. Sparkle. Glow.

Here’s to 2017: my year to SHINE.

6 comments to 2017 – My Year to Shine

Love your posts. Love that you share so much. I really enjoyed the last two reflection posts–I want to do something similar (hopefully today) before going forward in the new year. Here’s hoping for a great 2017.

Excellent post detailing your thoughts and feelings for picking your word. Shine is a good word and I look forward to reading about your experience with it.

The first year I chose a word (2014), it was FUN. And it was a wonderfully FUN year. I’m not sure I’ll ever find a word that fits as perfectly as that one did for that time in my life, but I’ve chosen ACTIVE for 2017.

I like the word ACTIVE, it’s a tangibly action-y one 🙂 I wished I could pick FUN but I have this story that I am not fun and I wasn’t sure if that one would work. What made it work well for you?

It’s crazy after reading your blog for two years, getting inspiration, I still cannot get ONE WORD for 2018. Happy New Year by the way. If I had to pick a word today off my head it is courageous.

Hi Jackie! It’s often hard for me too! I think courageous is a great word. My word in 2015 was brave and it’s still one of my very favorite OLWs ever.

projects for twenty twenty-four

archives by month

Archives by category, savor every last drop.

projects for twenty twenty-three

projects for twenty twenty-two

projects for twenty twenty-one

projects for twenty nineteen

projects for twenty eighteen

projects from twenty seventeen

monthly projects from previous years

some of my previous projects

me elsewhere

Big Picture Classes – Teacher
Creative Therapy
Everyday Storyteller 2
My Etsy Store
My Mind's Eye – Design Team
My Mind's Eye GD
October Afternoon GD
Shutter Sisters Guest Post
Shutter Sisters Guest Post 2

past classes

my year to shine essay

Feeling stuck and not sure what you want? Download my new e-guide "A Surefire Plan to Figuring Out Exactly What You Want" and watch "The Quickest Path to Your Happiest Career (and Life)".

Phone This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

When I was in college at Boston University, I studied Journalism and English Literature, and loved books, ideas and writing. I interned at the Massachusetts of Institute of Technology radio news station which I loved, and embarked on a minor in psychology – understanding how people and personalities develop and grow. I studied English literature in London for a year, and I had big dreams about my career and what I’d do in the world when I was older.

But when I graduated, I immediately bailed on all those dreams. I worried about money and thought I had to take the first job that was offered to me. It was an entry level job as a copywriter in a scientific publishing company. I didn’t like that work but was good at it, and thought it would be a stepping stone, and it was. But to what? To more work that I didn’t enjoy or feel excited about.

In the end, I built an 18-year corporate career that was never a good fit with who I was and what I deeply cared about, nor did it allow me to utilize my most powerful skills or ignite my passion.

Why did I veer so off course?

Because I didn’t know how to manage my career. I never learned about career planning, and I failed to seek guidance early enough about how to create a fulfilling, long-term career. I struggled on my own, with the wrong ideas about what brings success and happiness in working life. (Turns out happiness doesn’t necessarily follow success – it’s the other way around ).

Something happened in my life that gave me a harsh and painful wake-up call, but I didn’t heed it until years after.

Here’s more about that story:

If this resonates with you, I encourage you to think deeply about your own career. Are you doing work that you dreamed about when you were in high school and college? Are you making a difference in the world in the way you hoped? Are you using all those natural passions, talents and abilities that you displayed as a young adult? Do you feel valuable and respected in the working world? Are you shining ?

Through my 10 years of career coaching, I’ve learned that as adults, we are happiest when we are drawing on those key talents, passions and abilities that came naturally to us when we were young. We’re also happiest and most fulfilled when we are using our talents in service of others. For me, as a young adult, I loved to read, write, sing and perform, teach, guide, help resolve problems, understand why people do what they do, and come up with new approaches to live more happily. Finally, in this third career, I’m using every one of those skills.

Drawing on your natural talents, passions and gifts makes you feel alive and of value in the world. But the vast majority of working people believe that, in order to make a sufficient living, they have to focus solely what earns money and not what they’d be joyful to do. They sacrifice work fulfillment and joy for the almighty dollar, not understanding that the two are not mutually exclusive and never have been. I know this will inflame some of my readers, but this is FACT – you don’t have to dislike what you do and feel thwarted, like an imposter every day, in order to make a good living. As long as you think you do, you’ll be miserable in your work.

If you feel off course and know you’re in the wrong job or career, I’d recommend taking these 3 steps to move away from thinking and actions that are keeping you from reaching your highest potential and being of service in the way you dream to:

Move away from:

1. Feeling victimized and stuck You’re only stuck if you let yourself be stuck. Many of my clients and Amazing Career Project members have shared that they understand what they should do to build more satisfaction and reward in their professional life, but struggle to physically DO IT. There are both conscious and subconscious beliefs and mindsets that hold us hostage. Figure out what holds you back from taking the action you know you need to take. If you keep doing the same thing over and over, you’ll never bring about any positive change.

2. Thinking you don’t have what it takes We often hold ourselves back from a greater life and career because we believe we’re faulty, lacking, or incomplete somehow – that we don’t have what others possess to be happy and successful. This type of thinking is a guarantee that you’ll stop yourself from going out and getting what you want. No one “has what it takes” in the beginning of an important journey – we acquire what’s needed by taking action throughout that journey.

3. Blaming the outside world for what you aren’t doing Clients come to me with all sorts of reasons why they haven’t moved forward, but these reasons are simply excuses. I know because I made them all. “I can’t leave now because I’m the primary breadwinner,” or “I’m afraid if I ask for what I want they’ll fire me,” or “I can’t change careers this late in the game.” Yes, the economy is tough, jobs are fewer, and avenues for advancement seem less prevalent. But all of these situations can be navigated through successfully, with a concrete, well-built plan that addresses the challenges effectively. It’s not the outside world that is keeping you where you are.

In order to move forward, you must:

Identify what you loved to do back when you were free to be yourself. ( Take this survey to gain clarity.)
Bring forward those natural talents , skills and passions in your work-life today.
Get more BOLD and courageous in your thinking, speech, behavior and approach to living. Stand up for what you want.
Take one step every single day to start living up to your potential.

Try this: For one week, agree to be intensely (but compassionately) honest with yourself. Look at all your justifications for why you are stuck as excuses . If you knew you were just afraid or blocked somehow from moving forward, what would you do differently today to begin building a career that matches what you dreamed of when you were young?

Make this the year you become the person your young self knew you could, and illuminate the world with your talents.

(To build a happier, more rewarding career, visit kathycaprino.com )

My theme word for 2022

I wanted a word for 2022 that could take the word I picked in 2021 of freedom and expand into something even brighter.

You can find out more about my process to pick my word for the year here

How I’m making this real

By expanding my reach through pursuing speaking opportunities, publishing an oracle deck, embracing strategic collaborations and growing my list.
By building my self-love and self-confidence
By embracing my role as a leader in the realm of business astrology including launching an advanced business astrology certification (Level 2)
Through a goal to double my revenue in 2022
By repeating to myself the mantra “it’s my time to shine”
By accepting an opportunity that came my way for a creative collaboration with a highly successful entrepreneur
By committing to show up and be visible

Supporting Themes

I always pick some supporting themes for my year. These are additional themes that I want my year to be based around.

In 2022 these themes are:

Getting effective support – investing in the right people to support my growth (including my new community mentor for the certification as well as customer service support).
Protect my businesses’ greatest asset (that’s me by the way!) – by designing a schedule that works for me and that is flexible enough to allow for life’s ups and downs
Creative Retreats – that allow me to give intense focus to my creative projects as well as fill up my cup.
Up-level – make sure that I am using the right systems, surround myself with the right people and hold myself and my business to the highest standards.
Lead – Enroll a Level 2 Business Astrology Certification to continue to support my Level 1 students, be seen as a leader in my field and grow my own skills. Ultimately to be known as the best Business Astrology Mentor.

This means that as I make decisions I ask myself:

Will this support me to be globally recognised for business astrology
Should I be doing this – or should I be delegating?
Am I protecting my business’ greatest asset through this?
Am I giving myself enough intensive creative time?
Am I up-levelling my business by doing this?
Does this position me as a leader?
Is this aligned with my intention to “shine”

You can find out more about my process to pick my word for the year and supporting themes here.

As you may have read in my recent year in review blog – my Level 1 Astrology Certification accounts for approximately 54% of my business revenue.

My goals in 2022 are to:

Launch the Level 1 Certification twice and enroll 40+ students in 2022
Launch and enroll 15+ existing students into the Level 2
Travel to Europe (covid permitting) and run an Astrology event or retreat
Publish my Astrology Deck
Certify as an Astrocartographer (to continue my professional development)

I will do this by:

Put the majority of my focus into launches of the Level 1 certification
Continue to focus on activities that grow my list
Set aside time for creative retreats three times in 2022 to write my astrology deck guidebook as well as content for the Level 2 certification
Enroll in the certification in January and set aside 1 day per week to study

Tip: Make your goals a reality – declare it and make it real publicly (to your list, on your blog, on your social media or in Facebook groups).

My Numerology

2022 is a 6 year for me.

There is an energy of Responsibility, Maturity, Wisdom, Healing, and Harmony for 6 years.

You can find out more about how to find out what numerological year it is for you here.

So what is my focus in 2022?

My focus is :

To be recognised as the provider of a world-leading business astrology certification program that is soulful yet practical, customer-focused, professional, ethical, and delivers a beautiful experience.

My Astrological Energies for 2022

I have a large focus on my 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th houses in 2022 which represents Pleasure & Creativity, Day to Day Health and Routine, Partnership & Marriage, and Transformation and rebirth.

In 2022 I have Jupiter over the 6th & 7th House bringing luck and expansion to my day-to-day routine and my marriage and partnership.

I feel like 2022 will be another year of being serious and disciplined towards content creation for my Level 2 certification and other projects.

You can learn about which parts of your chart are being activated here.

A year from now

I am so proud of what I achieved in 2022:

I doubled my business revenue
Had a six-figure launch for the Level 1 certification
Enrolled the Level 1 twice and the Level 2 once
Launched my Astrology Oracle Deck
Took myself on three business retreats – including a trip to Corsica and Sardinia – covid gods permitting!
Experienced some wonderful surprise opportunities to speak or collaborate with those I respect
Certified as an AstroCartographer

“It’s my time to shine. I am seen & heard in my brilliance. I am a leader in my field and my certification is sought after. I flow with ease and grace and attract clients who love and accept me. I experience rapid business growth and abundance. “

I encourage you to go through a similar process for your own business and you can do this with my business planning day framework Your Soulful Year.

Customer Reviews

How does this work

Who can help me write my essay?

At the end of the school year, students have no energy left to complete difficult homework assignments. In addition, inspiration is also lacking, so there are only a few options:

do not write a scientific work;
write it badly;
delegate these responsibilities to other people.

Most often, people choose the latter option, which is why companies have appeared on the Internet offering to take full responsibility.

When you visit the site, the managers clarify all the details in order to correctly design the article. They select a person who is well versed in the topic of the report and give him your task.

You will not be able to personally communicate with the writer who will do your work. This is done to ensure that all your personal data is confidential. The client, of course, can make edits, follow the writing of each section and take part in the correction, but it is impossible to communicate with the team.

Do not worry that you will not meet personally with the site team, because throughout the entire cooperation our managers will keep in touch with each client.

Perfect Essay

Who is an essay writer? 3 types of essay writers

1035 Natoma Street, San Francisco

This exquisite Edwardian single-family house has a 1344 Sqft main…

The various domains to be covered for my essay writing.

If you are looking for reliable and dedicated writing service professionals to write for you, who will increase the value of the entire draft, then you are at the right place. The writers of PenMyPaper have got a vast knowledge about various academic domains along with years of work experience in the field of academic writing. Thus, be it any kind of write-up, with multiple requirements to write with, the essay writer for me is sure to go beyond your expectations. Some most explored domains by them are:

Project management

4 reasons to write my essay with us!

You are always welcome to check some of our previously done projects given on our website and then judge it for yourself. Apart from that, we can give you 4 significant reasons to be a part of our customer base:

Only professional ‘my essay writer', who are highly qualified and a master in their academic field, will write for you
Quality control is rigorously maintained by us and is thoroughly aligned with the given question brief and instructions.
We will also provide you with a thorough Plagiarism report by the Turnitin software which will ensure the originality of the draft
You are free to revise your draft with us till you are contented with the subject matter.

Essay Service Features That Matter

Finished Papers

Andersen, Jung & Co. is a San Francisco based, full-service real estate firm providing customized concierge-level services to its clients. We work to help our residential clients find their new home and our commercial clients to find and optimize each new investment property through our real estate and property management services.

Please enter your email to receive the instructions on how to reset your password.

Our Team of Essay Writers.

Some students worry about whether an appropriate author will provide essay writing services to them. With our company, you do not have to worry about this. All of our authors are professionals. You will receive a no less-than-great paper by turning to us. Our writers and editors must go through a sophisticated hiring process to become a part of our team. All the candidates pass the following stages of the hiring process before they become our team members:

Diploma verification. Each essay writer must show his/her Bachelor's, Master's, or Ph.D. diploma.
Grammar test. Then all candidates complete an advanced grammar test to prove their language proficiency.
Writing task. Finally, we ask them to write a small essay on a required topic. They only have 30 minutes to complete the task, and the topic is not revealed in advance.
Interview. The final stage is a face-to-face interview, where our managers test writers' soft skills and find out more about their personalities.

So we hire skilled writers and native English speakers to be sure that your project's content and language will be perfect. Also, our experts know the requirements of various academic styles, so they will format your paper appropriately.

offers a great selection of professional essay writing services. Take advantage of original, plagiarism-free essay writing. Also, separate editing and proofreading services are available, designed for those students who did an essay and seek professional help with polishing it to perfection. In addition, a number of additional essay writing services are available to boost your customer experience to the maximum!

Advanced writer

Add more quality to your essay or be able to obtain a new paper within a day by requesting a top or premium writer to work on your order. The option will increase the price of your order but the final result will be totally worth it.

Top order status

Every day, we receive dozens of orders. To process every order, we need time. If you’re in a great hurry or seek premium service, then choose this additional service. As a result, we’ll process your order and assign a great writer as soon as it’s placed. Maximize your time by giving your order a top status!

SMS updates

Have you already started to write my essay? When it will be finished? If you have occasional questions like that, then opt-in for SMS order status updates to be informed regarding every stage of the writing process. If you’re pressed for time, then we recommend adding this extra to your order.

Plagiarism report

Is my essay original? How do I know it’s Turnitin-ready? Very simple – order us to attach a detailed plagiarism report when work is done so you could rest assured the paper is authentic and can be uploaded to Turnitin without hesitating.

1-page summary

World’s peace isn’t riding on essay writing. If you don’t have any intent on reading the entire 2000-word essay that we did for you, add a 1-page summary to your order, which will be a short overview of your essay one paragraph long, just to be in the loop.

Sophia Melo Gomes

Rebecca Geach

Check your email inbox for instructions from us on how to reset your password.

Terms & conditions
Privacy policy
Referral program

Testimonials

You are free to order a full plagiarism PDF report while placing the order or afterwards by contacting our Customer Support Team.

Earl M. Kinkade

Transparency through our essay writing service

Transparency is unique to our company and for my writing essay services. You will get to know everything about 'my order' that you have placed. If you want to check the continuity of the order and how the overall essay is being made, you can simply ask for 'my draft' done so far through your 'my account' section. To make changes in your work, you can simply pass on your revision to the writers via the online customer support chat. After getting ‘my’ initial draft in hand, you can go for unlimited revisions for free, in case you are not satisfied with any content of the draft. We will be constantly there by your side and will provide you with every kind of assistance with our best essay writing service.

Writing my essay with the top-notch writers!

The writers you are supposed to hire for your cheap essay writer service are accomplished writers. First of all, all of them are highly skilled professionals and have higher academic degrees like Masters and PhDs. Secondly, all the writers have work experience of more than 5 years in this domain of academic writing. They are responsible for

Omitting any sign of plagiarism
Formatting the draft
Delivering order before the allocated deadline

Cookies! We use them. Om Nom Nom ...

Accuracy and promptness are what you will get from our writers if you write with us. They will simply not ask you to pay but also retrieve the minute details of the entire draft and then only will ‘write an essay for me’. You can be in constant touch with us through the online customer chat on our essay writing website while we write for you.

The essay writers who will write an essay for me have been in this domain for years and know the consequences that you will face if the draft is found to have plagiarism. Thus, they take notes and then put the information in their own words for the draft. To be double sure about this entire thing, your final draft is being analyzed through anti-plagiarism software, Turnitin. If any sign of plagiarism is detected, immediately the changes will be made. You can get the Turnitin report from the writer on request along with the final deliverable.

Professional essay writing services

Dr.Jeffrey (PhD)

Business Enquiries

We value every paper writer working for us, therefore we ask our clients to put funds on their balance as proof of having payment capability. Would be a pity for our writers not to get fair pay. We also want to reassure our clients of receiving a quality paper, thus the funds are released from your balance only when you're 100% satisfied.

is a “rare breed” among custom essay writing services today

All the papers delivers are completely original as we check every single work for plagiarism via advanced plagiarism detection software. As a double check of the paper originality, you are free to order a full plagiarism PDF report while placing the order or afterwards by contacting our Customer Support Team.

Being tempted by low prices and promises of quick paper delivery, you may choose another paper writing service. The truth is that more often than not their words are hollow. While the main purpose of such doubtful companies is to cash in on credulity of their clients, the prime objective of is clients’ satisfaction. We do fulfill our guarantees, and if a customer believes that initial requirements were not met or there is plagiarism found and proved in paper, they can request revision or refund. However, a refund request is acceptable only within 14 days of the initial deadline.

Our paper writing service is the best choice for those who cannot handle writing assignments themselves for some reason. At , you can order custom written essays, book reviews, film reports, research papers, term papers, business plans, PHD dissertations and so forth. No matter what academic level or timeframe requested is – we will produce an excellent work for you!

Customers usually want to be informed about how the writer is progressing with their paper and we fully understand that – he who pays the piper calls the tune. Therefore, with you have a possibility to get in touch with your writer any time you have some concerns or want to give additional instructions. Our customer support staff is there for you 24/7 to answer all your questions and deal with any problems if necessary.

Of course, the best proof of the premium quality of our services is clients’ testimonials. Just take a few minutes to look through the customer feedback and you will see that what we offer is not taking a gamble.

is a company you can trust. Share the burden of academic writing with us. Your future will be in safe hands! Buy essays, buy term papers or buy research papers and economize your time, your energy and, of course, your money!

How It Works

Know Us Better

Knowledge Base
Referencing Styles
Know Our Consultance
Revision and Refund Policy
Terms Of Use

Is my essay writer skilled enough for my draft?

How it Works
Top Writers

What Can You Help Me With?

No matter what assignment you need to get done, let it be math or English language, our essay writing service covers them all. Assignments take time, patience, and thorough in-depth knowledge. Are you worried you don't have everything it takes? Our writers will help with any kind of subject after receiving the requirements. One of the tasks we can take care of is research papers. They can take days if not weeks to complete. If you don't have the time for endless reading then contact our essay writing help online service. With EssayService stress-free academic success is a hand away. Another assignment we can take care of is a case study. Acing it requires good analytical skills. You'll need to hand pick specific information which in most cases isn't easy to find. Why waste your energy on this when they're so many exciting activities out there? Our writing help can also do your critical thinking essays. They aren't the easiest task to complete, but they're the perfect occasion to show your deep understanding of the subject through a lens of critical analysis. Hire our writer services to ace your review. Are you struggling with understanding your professors' directions when it comes to homework assignments? Hire professional writers with years of experience to earn a better grade and impress your parents. Send us the instructions, and your deadline, and you're good to go.

There are questions about essay writing services that students ask about pretty often. So we’ve decided to answer them in the form of an F.A.Q.

Is essay writing legitimate?

As writing is a legit service as long as you stick to a reliable company. For example, is a great example of a reliable essay company. Choose us if you’re looking for competent helpers who, at the same time, don’t charge an arm and a leg. Also, our essays are original, which helps avoid copyright-related troubles.

Are your essay writers real people?

Yes, all our writers of essays and other college and university research papers are real human writers. Everyone holds at least a Bachelor’s degree across a requested subject and boats proven essay writing experience. To prove that our writers are real, feel free to contact a writer we’ll assign to work on your order from your Customer area.

Is there any cheap essay help?

You can have a cheap essay writing service by either of the two methods. First, claim your first-order discount – 15%. And second, order more essays to become a part of the Loyalty Discount Club and save 5% off each order to spend the bonus funds on each next essay bought from us.

Can I reach out to my essay helper?

Contact your currently assigned essay writer from your Customer area. If you already have a favorite writer, request their ID on the order page, and we’ll assign the expert to work on your order in case they are available at the moment. Requesting a favorite writer is a free service.

Exploratory

Connect with the writers

Once paid, the initial draft will be made. For any query r to ask for revision, you can get in touch with the online chat support available 24X7 for you.

Pixabay. So here it goes. I am legally blind. On a 20/20 scale, my vision is 20/800 in my worst eye. Yes, I can see, just not very well. I have been asked by many people to try and describe what ...

This type of thinking is a guarantee that you'll stop yourself from going out and getting what you want. No one "has what it takes" in the beginning of an important journey - we acquire what's needed by taking action throughout that journey. 3. Blaming the outside world for what you aren't doing.

My Numerology. 2022 is a 6 year for me. There is an energy of Responsibility, Maturity, Wisdom, Healing, and Harmony for 6 years. It is a year where after the creative chaos of a 5-year you are asked to rebalance and focus on sustainability. After a few creative years of doing a whole lot of applications of astrology I'm being called to focus ...

Liberal Arts Essay. Significant and Applicable Knowledge Liberal Arts in the 21st Century fLast year at this time, I was wandering the streets of Japan. With my digital... 1074 Words. 5 Pages. Free Essays on My Year To Shine Essay. Get help with your writing. 1 through 30.

Essays. letters written, ... doe now publish my Essayes; which, of all my ... shine, upon the just and unjust; but he doth not rain wealth, nor shine ... per hour this year as we release... 55909 Words. 224 Pages. Free Essays on i Written Essay About My Year To Shine. Get help with your writing. 1 through 30.

My Year To Shine Essays - Submit. User ID: 109231. Learn How to Order. How It Works. REVIEWS HIRE. 4.8. Show Less. My Year To Shine Essays: We'll get back to you shortly. Your order needs a perfect match, so give us a few mins. +1 (888) 985-9998. Essay (Any Type), Geography, 1 page by Gombos Zoran.

In order to make a good essay, you need to have a perfect understanding of the topic and have the skills of a writer. That is why the company EssaysWriting provides its services. We remove the responsibility for the result from the clients and do everything to ensure that the scientific work is recognized. ID 4595967.

Buy essays, buy term papers or buy research papers and economize your time, your energy and, of course, your money! My Year To Shine Essays, Cheap Expository Essay Ghostwriter Websites Ca, Pay To Get Professional Reflective Essay On Founding Fathers, Geothermal Business Plan Software, Help Making A Resume, Writers Workshop Sentence To Essay ...

My Year To Shine Essays - Nursing Management Business and Economics Economics +96. 4248. Liberal Arts and Humanities. Elliot Law #19 in Global Rating User ID: 109254. 2329 Orders prepared. My Year To Shine Essays: 26 Customer reviews. ID 27260 ... Do my essay with us and meet all your requirements.

My Year To Shine Essays, Spanish Cover Letter Sample, Solved Final Term Paper Of Eng201, Professional Dissertation Abstract Ghostwriting For Hire For Masters, How To Write An Employee Gag Order, The Boy In The Striped Pyjamas Essay Questions, Application Of Smed Methodology- A Case Study In Small Scale Industry

My Year To Shine Essays: Other. 4.8/5. 989 Orders prepared. 100% Success rate ID 10820. ID 28506. We select our writers from various domains of academics and constantly focus on enhancing their skills for our writing essay services. All of them have had expertise in this academic world for more than 5 years now and hold significantly higher ...

My Year To Shine Essays | Top Writers. 24.99. is here to help you! Student years are the best time of one's life. You are in the prime of your life and hopeful about the bright future ahead. This is the period that leaves the funniest photos, the sweetest memories, and gives you the most faithful friends.

My Year To Shine Essays, Exploration Research Paper, Critical Thinking Ghostwriters Services Online, Edward R Murrow This I Believe Essay, Resume Without Objective Statement, Dissertation De Francais, How To Write A Cover Letter When Applying For Jobs. 1344. Finished Papers. amlaformulatorsschool. 4.6 stars - 1706 reviews.

Customer Reviews. KONTAK KAMI. 100% Success rate. Computer Sciences. Toll free 24/7 +1-323-996-2024. ID 8764. Professional Essay Writing Services. 10 Customer reviews.

2019 My Year To Shine Essay Writing - 1(888)302-2675 1(888)814-4206. Jeremy. 448 . Customer Reviews. Robert. ID 173. 94. 2019 My Year To Shine Essay Writing: Nursing Management Business and Economics Marketing +89. Payments Method. SUBJECTS. 1217 Orders prepared. Remember, the longer the due date, the lower the price. ...

Contact your currently assigned essay writer from your Customer area. If you already have a favorite writer, request their ID on the order page, and we'll assign the expert to work on your order in case they are available at the moment. Requesting a favorite writer is a free service. 1 (888)814-4206 1 (888)499-5521. DRE #01103083.

Essay 2020 My Year To Shine, On Organizational Leadership Established Site Sells Downloadable Term Papers, Cdf Essay 2010, Act Persuasive Essay Prompts, Cover Letter Dear Sir Madam Yours Faithfully, Case Study Automakers Become Software Companies, Cheap Personal Statement Writing Services For Mba

My Year To Shine Essays - Min Beds . Any. 1514 Orders prepared. 132 . Customer Reviews $ 24.99. Benny. Advanced essay writer. My Year To Shine Essays: Request Writer. 368 . Customer Reviews. Min Area (sq ft) 4.8/5. x. Level: College, High School, University, Undergraduate, Master's ...

Location. Any. 57 Customer reviews. Not a big fan of writing? Let's redefine your previous experiences in writing and give this engagement a brand new meaning. Our writers compose original essays in less than 3 hours. Give them a try, you won't regret it. Level: College, University, High School, Master's, PHD, Undergraduate, Regular writer.

Min Garages. Any. 100% Success rate. 2019 My Year To Shine Essay Writing, Managing Underperformance Case Study, Modello Business Plan Excel Download, What A Case Study Is, Do Your Homework Building, Case Study Thesis Structure, Automotive Office Manager Resume. 4.8/5. 4.6 stars - 1789 reviews. 2019 My Year To Shine Essay Writing -.

My Year To Shine Essays, Homework Tasks In Cbt, Cheap Case Study Writing For Hire For University, Top Blog Writers Website For Phd, Personal Statement For Rn To Bsn Program, Black Beauty Book Essay, How To Write A Non Fiction Synopsis 2646 . Customer Reviews ...

My Year To Shine Essays. Not a big fan of writing? Let's redefine your previous experiences in writing and give this engagement a brand new meaning. Our writers compose original essays in less than 3 hours. Give them a try, you won't regret it. Hire a Writer. Information Technology. Level: University, College, Master's, High School, PHD ...

A good essay writing service should first of all provide guarantees: for the previously agreed amount of money. The company must have a polite support service that will competently advise the client, answer all questions and support until the end of the cooperation. Also, the team must get out of conflict situations correctly.

Essays Topics for Grade 12 and Grade 11 for 2021

Essays Topics for Grade 12 and Grade 11 for 2021: Writing an essay for grade 12 and grade 11 can be a challenging task for both teachers and students in terms of creating and crafting a high-quality essay, and finally editing and grading them.

Different Essay Types for Grade 12 and Grade 11

Narrative essay.

Examples of Narrative Essays Topics:

Your favorite vacation with your family
A trip you will never forget
A time you made friends in an unusual circumstance
Your first day at a new school
Talk about something that scared you a lot

Reflective Essays

Discursive Essays

Argumentative Essays

Expository Essays

Descriptive Essays

Ho to write an effective essay

common Essay Topics in South African Schools

Verbal Punishment
Death Penalty in South Africa

List of Descriptive Essays Topics for Grade 12 and Grade 11

Imagine that your teacher wants to teach a new subject for the next few weeks. Your teacher will take suggestions, and then let the students vote on the new subject. What subject should your class choose? Write an essay to support your choice and to persuade the other students to vote for your choice.
Are actors and professional athletes paid too much?
Should teachers have to wear uniforms or have a dress code?
Since the invention of nuclear weapons we have had a long period of GLOBAL peace and stability. Are nuclear weapons global peacemakers or killing devices?
Should boys and girls be in separate classes?
Is the death penalty effective?
To what extent is the use of animals in scientific research acceptable?
What age is appropriate for dating?
Pretend you woke up one day and there were no rules. People could suddenly do whatever they wanted! Explain what the world would be like. Use your imagination!
Should student’s textbooks be replaced by notebook computers?
Should students be allowed to have cell phones in elementary and high schools?
Should wealthy nations be required to share their wealth among poorer nations?
Should money be spent on space exploration?
Is fashion important?
Are we too dependent on computers?
If you had the opportunity to bring any person — past or present, fictional or nonfictional — to a place that is special to you (your hometown or country, a favorite location, etc.), who would you bring and why? Tell us what you would share with that person
Most high level jobs are done by men. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women?
Should students be allowed to grade their teachers?
In your opinion what factors contribute to a good movie?
The destruction of the world’s forests is inevitable as our need for land and food grows. Do you agree?
Many parents give their children certain chores or tasks to do at home. Should children have to do chores or tasks at home? Be sure to explain why you think it is a good idea or a bad idea. Include examples to support your reasons.
Should the voting age be lowered to thirteen?
Should the government place a tax on junk food and fatty snacks?
Should more be done to protect and preserve endangered animals?

Requirements to pass Grade 12 | Matric

Hey, Grade 12 Learner! Do you know what it takes to obtain your Grade 12 Certificate? All matric students in South Africa are required to register to write at least 7 subjects and they may not fail more than one subject. Failing more than one subject means you have failed matric. Thus, in order to pass you need to meet the following requirements:

Obtain at least 40% for your Home Language
Pass two other subjects with 40%, an
Get 30% for three other subjects

Career Times is here for you: We have compiled all useful career resources for you to take your career to the higher levels, such as: Schools Directory , Career Options , Jobs , as well as study resources for other Grades ( Grade 11 , Grade 10 , and Grade 12 ) All the best!

All Formats

Resource types, all resource types.

Rating Count
Price (Ascending)
Price (Descending)
Most Recent

Your year to shine

Your Year to Shine New Year Bulletin Board Decor! Updated for 2024!

Editable This Is Your Year To Shine Winter New Year Classroom Bulletin Board Kit

Let Your Year To Shine !: A New Year , New Goals Bulletin Board And Door Decor Kit

Editable This Is Your Year To Shine Back to School Classroom Bulletin Board Kit

Your Year To Shine Bulletin Board Kit, Back to School Bulletin Board

Back to School Bulletin Board This Is Your Year To Shine Door Decor

Beginning of the Year | Back to School | Gift Tags for Students

GLOW DAY classroom transformation - end of the year review

GLOW DAY - Editable Glow Games and Room Transformation Ideas

New Years 2024 Activities

Meet the Teacher Gift Tags: You're going to shine (perfect for glow sticks)

BACK TO SCHOOL Neon Our Year to Shine Bulletin Board Set

Student Work Display, Craftivity & Ready to Shine Classroom Quote | EDITABLE

Hopes and Dreams Display: Glow

Back to School Pencil Tags Watercolor

Star Theme Bulletin Board and Door Kit- Super Stars/ Dream Big/ Shining Stars

LLama Tell You How I Will Shine This Year : A Back to School Writing & Craft Pack

Glow / Shine Back to School, Testing, and End of Year Gift Treat Tags

Beginning of the Year | Shine Bright Gift Tags

Beginning of the Year Gift Tags

New Years Hat 2024 Crown|New Years Resolution Writing for Preschool,Kindergarten

New Years 2024 Bulletin Board Craft - [EDITABLE]

Welcome Back to School Gift Tags

Get Your Glow On! Glow Day Crown and Fun Bundle!

We're hiring
Help & FAQ
Privacy policy
Student privacy
Terms of service
Tell us what you think

Feeling stuck and not sure what you want? Download my new e-guide "A Surefire Plan to Figuring Out Exactly What You Want" and watch "The Quickest Path to Your Happiest Career (and Life)".

Phone This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

In the end, I built an 18-year corporate career that was never a good fit with who I was and what I deeply cared about, nor did it allow me to utilize my most powerful skills or ignite my passion.

Why did I veer so off course?

Something happened in my life that gave me a harsh and painful wake-up call, but I didn’t heed it until years after.

Here’s more about that story:

Move away from:

In order to move forward, you must:

Identify what you loved to do back when you were free to be yourself. ( Take this survey to gain clarity.)
Bring forward those natural talents , skills and passions in your work-life today.
Get more BOLD and courageous in your thinking, speech, behavior and approach to living. Stand up for what you want.
Take one step every single day to start living up to your potential.

Make this the year you become the person your young self knew you could, and illuminate the world with your talents.

(To build a happier, more rewarding career, visit kathycaprino.com )

My Year to Shine Again

The daily word prompt “shine” got me thinking!

Last year wasn’t the best for me. I was feeling really low about just about everything. That’s unusual for me since I generally have a ridiculously optimistic attitude. But it wasn’t the circumstances as much as my attitude that made the year so rough. So this year I’ve decided is my year to shine again!

Even in the most difficult days of my life I could find things that made me deeply happy. It could be as simple as sitting in my garden feeling the sun on my face. I could actually feel myself begin to shine as I enjoyed the sun, the scents, and the sounds. It might be the feel of cool sheets after a long day that made me shine. They were little things but they were important.

You see, when you shine on the inside it’s reflected on the outside. Happy people seem to have a glow about them. That glow not only warms their hearts but the hearts of those they encounter. Joy is contagious.

So find something that makes you shine and then go spread the glow!

Author: Elizabeth

I'm a wife, mom, and grandma (known as Bam) who loves cooking, baking, gardening, and all things that go into making a cozy coop for my brood. I have a disability so you may pick up tips on how to do things when some things just don't work right! View all posts by Elizabeth

18 thoughts on “My Year to Shine Again”

Well all the best friend for this coming year and hope your optimistic attitude of yours, stick with you forever.

Like Liked by 2 people

Thank you! And may your year be the most wonderful so far!

Absolutely!😆

Like Liked by 1 person

Shine on you crazy diamond…

I loved this post! Shared it in my Posts of Note today. 🙂

I saw! I’m so honored!

That’s a beautiful post – found you via Flying Through Water 🙂 My spiritual mentor J-R has done a nice Moment of Peace video where he says to let your light shine. Really touched my heart, just like your post. Blessings — Debbie

Thank you! I love Flying Through Water! And I will check the Moment of Peace video.

Me too. Nikki is wonderful. Have a fantastic weekend 🙂 Blessings to you – Debbie

Elizabeth, I think we’ve both thnaked each other for the follow, but I wanted to make sure, since this email said you’re now following. (I’m a wee bit behind on my emails!) Shine on!! I love the feel of fresh cool sheets! Such luxury from such a simple thing! Shine on!

I hope we did but if we missed it, it’s okay. You already know I’m crazy about your blog!

Same here!!

Keep shining and you have all year to glow. Thank you for following BrewNSpew.

History Grade 12 Essays Guide pdf download

History Grade 12 Essays Guide pdf download:

History Grade 12 Essay Topics and Guide

History grade 12 tasks and essays for all terms.

Term 1: 3 tasks

Source-based task (or essay; learners must do one of each).
Research assignment (can also be done in the second term).
Standardised test which includes a sourcebased section and an essay (ideally both sections will be tested at the same time).
Essay task (or source-based task; learners must do one of each).
Mid-year examination (2 papers of 2½ hours each) (2 topics from each paper to be covered by June; four questions set in each paper: 2 essays and 2 source-based questions; learners to answer 2 questions, 1 essay and 1 source-based question on each paper.
Standardised test, which includes a source-based section and an essay (ideally, both sections will be tested at the same time).
September/ Preparatory examination (2 papers)

Final external examination

Hello Grade 12 Learners. How and When has everything for you needed to pass your Grade 12 exams, tests, assessments, research tasks and assignments under the South African CAPS Curriculum . Feel free to download all useful study material for grade 12, such as Study Guides, and Previous Exam Papers with Answer Momos .

Why passing Grade 12 is a must for your Career?

Why passing Grade 12 is a must for your Career? Grade 12 ultimately makes you ready for the real world of work out there, and most importantly matric is your bridge to varsity. You really need good marks in Grade 12 in order to pass well and study what you like . Good Grade 12 marks will enable you to get a APS Score.

The calculation of an Admission Point Score (APS) is based on a candidate’s achievement in any SIX recognised National Senior Certificate 20-credit subjects (including subjects from the non-designated subject list, e.g. Computer Applications Technology , Tourism , Hospitality Studies and Civil , Electrical & Mechanical Technology , etc.), by using the NSC seven-point rating scale. Life Orientation is a 10-credit subject and may not be used for calculating the APS. Life Orientation is also not a faculty-specific subject requirement.

Other Subjects for Grade 12

Have a look at other free resources for Grade 12 Subjects

Accounting Grade 12
Economics Grade 12
Mathematics Grade 12
Geography Grade 12
Technical Mathematics Grade 12
Physical Science Grade 12
Life Sciences Grade 12
Technical Sciences Grade 12
Mathematics Literacy Grade 12
Biology Grade 12
Life Orientation Grade 12
Religion Studies Grade 12
Business Studies Grade 12
Consumer Studies Grade 12
Tshivenda Home Language Grade 12
IsiXhosa Home Language Grade 12
IsiZulu Home Language Grade 12
Sepedi Home Language Grade 12
Sesotho Home Language Grade 12
Setswana Home Language Grade 12
Seswati Home Language Grade 12
Afrikaans Home Language Grade 12
English Home Language Grade 12
Xitsonga Home Language Grade 12
Tourism and Hospitality Studies Grade 12
Computer Applications Technology Grade 12
Civil Technology Grade 12
Electrical Technology Grade 12
Engineering Graphics and Designs Grade 12
Information Technology Grade 12
Mechanical Technology Grade 12
Agricultural Sciences Grade 12
Agricultural Technology Grade 12
Agricultural Management Practices Grade 12
Dance Studies Grade 12
Design Grade 12
Dramatic Arts Grade 12
Music Grade 12
Visual Arts Grade 12

Robotics Courses from School and Universities in South Africa

Afrikaans huistaal grade 12 past papers and memos for 2020 pdf, related posts, find history grade 12 september 2023 trial exam question papers and memos: pdf download.

History Grade 12 November 2021 Final NSC Exams question papers and memorandums

History Grade 12 May - June Trial Exams 2021 previous Papers for downloads

History Grade 12 May – June Mid Year Exams 2021 previous Papers for downloads

List of History Grade 12 September 2020 Past Papers and Memos

Questions and answers based on bantu education act for revision, leave your thought here cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Hospitality Studies Grade 12 June Question Papers and Memos pdf Download

Visual arts grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download, dramatic arts grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download, setswana home language grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download, tourism studies grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download, electrical technology grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download, engineering graphics and designs grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download, english home language grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download, civil technology grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download, siswati home language grade 12 june 2023 question papers and memos pdf download.

More Learning Resources @ My Courses

Availability
Add to cart
Description
Additional information
Custom attributes
Custom fields

Grade 12 Learning Resources Study Notes and Previous Papers
Grade 11 Learning Resources
Grade 10 Learning Resources
IGCSE Syllabus
Latest Updates

Insert/edit link

Enter the destination URL

Or link to existing content

TALK WITH SHIVI

Essay on New Year Celebration | Essay on New Year 2024

Table of Contents

“Embracing the New: A Celebration of New Year”

Introduction:.

The ticking clock, the echoing countdown, and the burst of fireworks illuminate the night sky – the world collectively bids farewell to the old and welcomes the new on New Year’s Eve. Celebrated across cultures and continents, the transition to a new year is more than just a change in the calendar; it is a symbol of hope, renewal, and the endless possibilities that lie ahead.

Historical Perspective:

The celebration of the New Year dates back to ancient times when various civilizations marked the changing of the year in different ways. The Babylonians were among the first to observe the occasion around 4,000 years ago, while the Romans designated January 1 as the beginning of the year in 153 B.C. Over time, diverse customs and traditions evolved, blending into the rich tapestry of New Year celebrations we witness today.

Cultural Diversity:

New Year celebrations reflect the unique cultural flavors of different societies. In China, the Spring Festival marks the beginning of the lunar new year, featuring vibrant dragon dances and the iconic red lanterns. Diwali, the Festival of Lights in India, coincides with the Hindu New Year, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness. Similarly, diverse traditions in other parts of the world showcase the global tapestry of New Year celebrations.

Symbolism and Resolutions:

The symbolism embedded in the New Year celebration is profound. It signifies a fresh start, a clean slate upon which individuals can inscribe their aspirations and dreams. Resolutions, though often met with a mix of enthusiasm and skepticism, embody the spirit of self-improvement and personal growth. Whether it’s adopting healthier habits, pursuing academic goals, or strengthening relationships, the New Year invites individuals to reflect on the past and envision a brighter future.

Global Festivities:

New Year’s Eve is a night of global festivity, marked by grandiose fireworks displays, lively parties, and the iconic countdowns in major cities worldwide. From the dazzling lights of Times Square in New York City to the breathtaking fireworks over Sydney Harbour, the collective jubilation unites people across borders, transcending cultural and geographical differences.

Reflection and Gratitude:

Beyond the revelry, the New Year also encourages introspection. It’s a time to reflect on personal accomplishments, learnings from challenges faced, and express gratitude for the journey traveled. Families and friends gather, sharing heartfelt moments and forging deeper connections as they bid farewell to the old and embrace the promise of the new.

Conclusion:

In essence, the celebration of the New Year is a global tapestry woven with threads of tradition, hope, and renewal. It serves as a universal reminder that, despite our differences, we share a commonality in our desire for a better tomorrow. As the clock strikes midnight and confetti fills the air, the world unites in celebrating the endless possibilities that the New Year brings – a time to dream, grow, and embark on new adventures.

Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Questions and Answers pdf

Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Questions and Answers pdf:

Table of Contents

Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Questions and Answers

Legislations essay questions.

Question 1:

The Labour Relations Act (LRA), 1995 (Act 66 of 1995) is a critical piece of legislation that outlines the rights of employees in the workplace. It is expected that businesses have a thorough understanding of this Act to implement it effectively. Many businesses seek legal advice to ensure compliance and avoid penalties for non-compliance with the LRA.

Outline the rights of employees in terms of the Labour Relations Act , which include the right to join a trade union, engage in collective bargaining, and strike. It also prohibits unfair labour practices like discrimination and unfair dismissal procedures.
Explain the purpose of the Labour Relations Act , which is to promote and regulate sound labour relations to contribute to economic growth and social development by establishing fair labour practices and procedures.
Discuss the impact of the Labour Relations Act on businesses , which require compliance with certain procedures and practices to protect the rights of employees, conduct negotiations with trade unions, follow fair dismissal procedures, and ensure no unfair labour practices occur. Failure to comply with the Act may result in penalties, such as fines, compensation for affected employees, and legal action, which may damage the business’s reputation and negatively affect employee morale and productivity.
Advise businesses on the penalties they may face for non-compliance with the LRA , which may include fines, compensation for affected employees, and legal costs. Non-compliance may also lead to reputational damage and negatively affect employee morale and productivity.

Question 2:

The National Credit Act (NCA), 2005 (Act 34 of 2005) provides a framework to regulate the credit market. It protects the rights of consumers and provides guidelines on how businesses should comply with this Act. Businesses may face penalties for not complying with the National Credit Act.

Write an essay on the National Credit Act in which you include the following aspects:

Outline the rights of consumers in terms of the National Credit Act.
Discuss the impact of the NCA on businesses.
Explain ways in which businesses could comply with the NCA.
Advise businesses on the penalties they may face for non-compliance to the Act.

Human Resources Function

The human resources manager is responsible for compiling the job description and job specification. Suitable candidates can be recruited internally using various recruitment sources. The interviewees should be familiar with their role during the interview. Businesses must ensure that the employment contract complies with the legal requirements of employment.

Write an essay on the human resources function in which you include the following human resources activities:

Outline the differences between job description and job specification.
Discuss the impact of internal recruitment on a business.
Explain the role of the interviewee during the interview.
Advise businesses on the legal requirements of the employment contract.

Business Function: Quality of Performance

Businesses implement quality control and quality assurance processes to produce high quality products. They also enjoy the benefits of a high-quality management system. Continuous skills development and total client satisfaction contribute towards the effective implementation of total quality management (TQM). Other businesses prefer to use the services of quality circles to achieve the desired outcome. Write an essay on quality of performance in which you include the following aspects:

Outline the differences between quality control and quality assurance.
Explain the benefits of a good quality management system.
Continuous skills development/Education and training
Total client/customer satisfaction
Advise businesses on the role of quality circles as part of continuous improvement to processes and systems. [40]

Business Venture: Management and Leadership

Effective management and leadership play an important role in achieving business goals. Many leaders follow the transformational leadership theory as a guide to lead their employees. Others use the democratic and autocratic leadership styles in the workplace. Some leaders agree that the role of personal attitude is important for successful leadership.

Write an essay on management and leadership in which you include the following aspects:
Outline the differences between management and leadership.
Explain the transformational leadership theory.
Advise businesses on the role of personal attitude in successful leadership.[40]

Investment Securities

BUSINESS VENTURES (INVESTMENT: SECURITIES) Investing in a fixed deposit provides investors the opportunity to decide whether they want to receive simple interest or compound interest. Investors must also consider various types of shares before making investment decisions. Some invest in companies that are listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE).

Write an essay on investment securities in which you include the following aspects:

Outline the differences between simple interest and compound interest.
Explain the advantages of a fixed deposit as a form of investment.
Discuss any THREE types of shares.
Advise businesses on the functions of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange

Business Roles: Creative and Problem-solving

Businesses need to identify problems that affect their operations in order to make informed decisions. They must also create an environment that promotes creative thinking to enjoy the benefits of creativity in the workplace. The Delphi technique and the force-field analysis enable businesses to solve complex business problems.

Write an essay on creative thinking and problem-solving in which you include the following aspects:
Outline the differences between problem-solving and decision-making.
Explain ways in which businesses can create an environment that promotes creative thinking in the workplace.
Discuss the advantages of creative thinking in the workplace.
Delphi technique
Force-field analysis

BUSINESS ROLES (DIVERSITY AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT)

Businesses employ people who have different ways of doing things, which may lead to conflict. It is important that businesses identify diversity issues and find ways to deal with them. Businesses should be well informed about handling conflict in the workplace.

Write an essay on the following aspects:

Discuss the benefits of a diverse work force.
Suggest ways in which businesses may deal with language and age as diversity issues in the workplace.
Explain the causes of conflict in the workplace.
Advise businesses on how they should handle conflict in the workplace.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS (LEGISLATION)

The Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act (BBBEE), 2003 (Act 53 of 2003) (amended in 2013) was introduced to overcome the challenges of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). Businesses are now compelled to comply with this Act.

You specialise in guiding businesses on the implementation of BBBEE. Write an essay on the following aspects:

Distinguish between BEE and BBBEE.
Evaluate the impact of BBBEE on businesses.
Management control
Enterprise and supplier development
Advise businesses on penalties they could face for non-compliance with the BBBEE.

List of Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Exam Questions and Answers from previous years

Business management grade 12 question and answers online quizzes.

Revise all the topics under Business Management Grade 12 subject, using test quizzes based on the exam questions below:

Quiz: Term 1: Macro Environment: Impact of Recent Legislations Quiz
Quiz: Term 1: Human Resources Function
Quiz: Term 1: Ethics and Professionalism
Quiz: Term 1: Creative Thinking
Quiz: Term 1: Macro Environment: Business Strategies
Quiz: Term 2: Corporate Social Responsibility
Quiz: Term 2: Human Rights, Inclusivity and Environmental Issues
Quiz: Term 2: Team Performance Assessment, Conflict Management, and Problem-Solving
Quiz: Term 2: Business Sectors and their Environments
Quiz: Term 2: Leadership and Management
Quiz: Term 2: Quality of Performance
Quiz: Term 3: Investment – Securities
Quiz: Term 3: Investment – Insurance
Quiz: Term 3: Forms of Ownership
Quiz: Term 3: Presentation and Data Response

Finished Papers

First, you have to sign up, and then follow a simple 10-minute order process. In case you have any trouble signing up or completing the order, reach out to our 24/7 support team and they will resolve your concerns effectively.

Words to pages
Pages to words

IMAGES

Wonderful Grade 12 English Essay Examples ~ Thatsnotus
How to write an english essay grade 12
Very Simple 10 Lines Essay On New year For Kids l Essay On New Year l
Wonderful Grade 12 English Essay Examples ~ Thatsnotus
अंग्रेजी के 5 महत्तवपूर्ण Essay writing 2022||Class 12th English imp
Grade 12 Level 4 Writing Sample

VIDEO

English 2020: Essay Writing
HOW TO WRITE ESSAYS 📝 PART 2 || BUSINESS STUDIES GRADE 12
Shine! WAGC
MARRIAGE IS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION (ESSAY GRADE 12)
2.4. Have You Earned Your Tomorrow?
Top 10 English Essays Class 12th

COMMENTS

2022 My Year to Shine
My goals in 2022 are to: Earn $370k+ through my business with at least 65% of this coming from the certification (Level 1 & Level 2) Launch the Level 1 Certification twice and enroll 40+ students in 2022. Launch and enroll 15+ existing students into the Level 2. Travel to Europe (covid permitting) and run an Astrology event or retreat.
Essay on New Year 2023 (1000+ Words)
The idea of a 'new year' is thought to have come from the Roman practice of beginning the year at the first full moon after the winter solstice, or around January 1. The New Year is a time for looking forward and making resolutions for your future. But it's also a time to celebrate all that you've already accomplished in this past year.
ROAD TO DEMOCRACY ESSAY GRADE 12
For more information or questions feel free to contact me via Whatsapp or calls to 0729272510 (Msawenkosi Chamane) GOODLUCK!!!!!! Last modified on Thursday, 26 August 2021 07:36. Published in History Grade 12 Study Guides and Notes. ROAD TO DEMOCRACY ESSAY SAMPLE (TALKS/NEGOTIATIONS)NOTE:your introduction and conclusionis highlighted with green ...
Essays Grade 12 Notes
1.2 Steps for writing an essay in the exams. There are four main steps involved in writing an exam essay: Step 1: Choose your topic and type of essay. Step 2: Plan your essay. Step 3: Write and edit your draft essay. Step 4: Write your final essay. Step 1: Choose your topic and type of essay. Topic.
2022 DBE Self-study Guides Gr. 12 English: Writing Essays and
This study guide is intended to serve as a resource for teachers and learners. It provides notes, examples, problem-solving exercises with solutions and examples of practical activities. Language: English. Curriculum Alignment: CAPS aligned. Publication Date: 2022-02-10. Grade:
Economic Essays Grade 12
Grade 12 Economic Essays for the Next Three-Year Cycle (2021-2023) Macroeconomics - Paper 1. Discuss in detail the markets within the FOUR-SECTOR model (Circular Flow) Discuss in detail 'The new economic paradigm'/Explain the 'smoothing of cycles (Business Cycles)
How Can I Make My Matric Year Successful?
Being a grade 12 learner will probably be one of the most memorable and challenging years of your life, here's how to get through it in one piece. The matric year is a bittersweet experience. There is the excitement of finishing school and deciding on a career path. The prospect of greater independence and freedom as well as the stress brought ...
2022 May/June NSC Exam Papers
10/31/2022: Download: Memo 1 (English) 10/31/2022: Download: Memo 2 (Afrikaans) 10/31/2022: Download: Memo 2 (English) 10/31/2022: Download: Paper 1 (Afrikaans) 8/30/2023: ... Grade 12 Past Exam papers ANA Exemplars Matric Results. Curriculum Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements Practical Assessment Tasks School Based Assessment
2017
Here's to 2017: my year to SHINE. December 30, 2016 | Thoughts. 6 comments to 2017 - My Year to Shine. CarrieH. December 30, 2016 at 9:08 am · Reply. Love your posts. Love that you share so much. I really enjoyed the last two reflection posts-I want to do something similar (hopefully today) before going forward in the new year ...
my year to shine essay
Feeling stuck and not sure what you want? Download my new e-guide "A Surefire Plan to Figuring Out Exactly What You Want" and watch "The Quickest Path to Your Happiest Career (and
My Time To Shine. This year, I have decided that it is…
This year, I have decided that it is going to be my year to shine, my year to rediscover who I am and what I need to be happy. No, it's not a New Years resolution; it is more of a pledge to ...
Grade 12 Essay Writing Topics & Examples
Unique grade 12 English exam essay topics. With tons of topics constantly being explored when it comes to grade 12 exams we always provide a fresh look and tailor the topics to the desires of our clients. If you want to buy dissertation papers, unique grade 12 essays or anything similar, rest assured, you are in good hands.
Grade 12 Level 4 Writing Sample
Write about where you would like your life to lead you. View full size. Student writing sample: Life is harder when you have choices. My culture believes that parents choose your path in life. Back in home my friends and I talked around what our parents wanted for us and worked carefully to get those goals. Then we moved here and I find myself ...
Business Studies Grade 12 Latest Essays and Topics Guide CAPS
We have collected 100s of grade 12 questions and answers for Grade 12 subjects from all South African Provinces: Limpopo, Gauteng, Free State, North West, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, KZN, Western Cape, and Mpumalanga. The questions and answers are for Term 1, Term 2, Term 3, and Term 4, for the following years: 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 ...
Essays Topics for Grade 12 and Grade 11 for 2021
Narrative Essay. Examples of Narrative Essays Topics: Your favorite vacation with your family. A trip you will never forget. A time you made friends in an unusual circumstance. Your first day at a new school. Talk about something that scared you a lot.
Your Year To Shine Teaching Resources
"2022-2023 is Our Year to SHINE!"Jump into a BRIGHT new year with this neon themed bulletin board set!This set is sure to make your classroom SHINE!This set includes:All words and banners shown in previewWhite clothes pin clipart2 Sizes of banners- 5 inches and 10 inches (multi-colored and a full set in each color) with white chalk ...
It's Time For You To Shine and Make The Impact You Long To
This type of thinking is a guarantee that you'll stop yourself from going out and getting what you want. No one "has what it takes" in the beginning of an important journey - we acquire what's needed by taking action throughout that journey. 3. Blaming the outside world for what you aren't doing.
History Grade 12 Revision Notes booklet and Essay Topics ...
Paper 1 History Grade 12 Essay Topics for Exams. Topic 1: The Cold War. Origins of the Cold War (Source-Based) Extension of the Cold War : Case Study: Vietnam (Essay) Topic 2: Civil Society Protests from the 1950s to the 1970s. --- Advertisement ---. The US Civil Rights Movement (Source-Based) o The Black Power Movement (Essay) Topic 2 ...
My Year to Shine Again
So this year I've decided is my year to shine again! Even in the most difficult days of my life I could find things that made me deeply happy. It could be as simple as sitting in my garden feeling the sun on my face. I could actually feel myself begin to shine as I enjoyed the sun, the scents, and the sounds. It might be the feel of cool ...
History Grade 12 Essays Guide pdf download
History Grade 12 Essays Guide pdf download: History Grade 12 Essay Topics and Guide History Grade 12 Tasks and Essays for all terms Term 1: 3 tasks Source-based task (or essay; learners must do one of each). Research assignment (can also be done in the second term). Standardised test which includes a sourcebased section and an essay (ideally both sections will be tested at the same time).
Essay on New Year Celebration
The symbolism embedded in the New Year celebration is profound. It signifies a fresh start, a clean slate upon which individuals can inscribe their aspirations and dreams. Resolutions, though often met with a mix of enthusiasm and skepticism, embody the spirit of self-improvement and personal growth. Whether it's adopting healthier habits ...
Business Studies Grade 12 Essays Questions and Answers pdf
Revise all the topics under Business Management Grade 12 subject, using test quizzes based on the exam questions below: Quiz: Term 1: Macro Environment: Impact of Recent Legislations Quiz. Quiz: Term 1: Human Resources Function. Quiz: Term 1: Ethics and Professionalism. Quiz: Term 1: Creative Thinking.
2019 My Year To Shine Essay Writing
Posted on 12 Juli 2022 by harriz 481. 4.8. ... 2019 My Year To Shine Essay Writing, How To Edit Essays For 5th Grade, Write An Essay Online Free, Ias 4 Sure Essay Quotes, Market Revolution And Democracy Essay, Air Force Resume System, Write A Ethics Program ASK ME A QUESTION

My theme word for 2022

How I’m making this real

Supporting Themes

In 2022 these themes are:

This means that as I make decisions I ask myself:

My Numerology

So what is my focus in 2022?

My Astrological Energies for 2022

A year from now

Essay on New Year 2023 (1000+ Words)

Essay on New Year

New Year Resolutions

The Importance of Goals

The Importance of Planning

Reviewing Your Progress

Exploring the World and Making Money

Improving Your Health and Well-being

Similar Posts

5 New Year Goal Setting Templates 2023

19 New Year Resolution Ideas for Work & Employees 2023

8 Cool New Year Worksheets 2023

New Year Resolution Printables 2023 (7 Free Templates) – Updated

Ultimate List of 101 New Year Resolution Ideas 2023

New Year Resolution Essay 2023 | What is the new year’s resolution?

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

2022 DBE Self-study Guides Gr. 12 English: Writing Essays and Transactional Texts

Do you have an educational app, video, ebook, course or eResource?

Grade 12 Economic Essays for the Next Three-Year Cycle (2021-2023)

ESSAYS FOR THE NEXT THREE-YEAR CYCLE (2021-2023)

ECONOMIC PURSUITS-PAPER 1

Related Items

MICROECONOMICS-PAPER 2

CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC ISSUES-PAPER 2

Related items

NON LANGUAGES

2017 – My Year to Shine

6 comments to 2017 – My Year to Shine

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

projects for twenty twenty-four

archives by month

projects for twenty twenty-three

projects for twenty twenty-two

projects for twenty twenty-one

projects for twenty nineteen

projects for twenty eighteen

projects from twenty seventeen

monthly projects from previous years

some of my previous projects

me elsewhere

past classes

my year to shine essay

Other Recommended Articles

My theme word for 2022

How I’m making this real

Supporting Themes

In 2022 these themes are:

This means that as I make decisions I ask myself:

My Numerology

So what is my focus in 2022?

My Astrological Energies for 2022

A year from now

How does this work

Who can help me write my essay?

Who is an essay writer? 3 types of essay writers

1035 Natoma Street, San Francisco

The various domains to be covered for my essay writing.

4 reasons to write my essay with us!

Essay Service Features That Matter

Our Team of Essay Writers.

Advanced writer

Top order status

SMS updates

Plagiarism report

1-page summary

Testimonials

Transparency through our essay writing service

Writing my essay with the top-notch writers!

Professional essay writing services

Business Enquiries

is a “rare breed” among custom essay writing services today

Back to School Pencil Tags Watercolor