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ଓଡ଼ିଆ ପ୍ରବନ୍ଧ ବିଦ୍ୟା ଓ ବିଦ୍ୟାର୍ଥୀ - ଚିତ୍ତରଞ୍ଜନ ଦାସ / Odia essay Vidya O Vidyarthi by Chittaranjan Das

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This booklet sums up the findings of international research and practice on the language policy issues. It argues for mother tongue based multilingual education.

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Essay writer is a genre of Odia literature (  in which information about a topic is given in a descriptive style. Essay in Odia ( Odia Essay Book) is an integral part of the school curriculum and students are given the task of writing essays on various subjects.

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Bhaktakabi Madhusudana Rao

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Bhakta-Kavi Madhusudan Rao is one of the foremost pioneers of modern Odia literarure. Each and every Odia, even in the remotest rural areas is well conversant with his name, primarily for the Barnabodha as well as for his devotional lyrics. Madhusudan was born on January 29, 1953 in the then undivided Puri district. His father's name was Bhagirathi Singh and his mother's name was Ambika Devi. He belonged to the Bratya Marhatta family but later converted to the Brahma sect.

Madhusudan had his childhood education at Puri District School. He passed the matriculation examination in second grade in 1869. He completed FA with a first class at the Cuttack College in 1871. Madhusadan, who spent his life in the professional field of education, first served as the headmaster of Jajpur Middle English School for a year and a half. On October 29, 1873 he joined as the second teacher of Baleshwar District School. He was as an assistant teacher at Cuttack Collegiate School in 1876. Then he became a Deputy Inspector of Schools. In 1893, Madhusudan joined as the headmaster of Cuttack Training School and finally retired from service as Additional Inspector of Schools in July 1909. His role in modern education in Odisha, especially in building a favourable background and modern mind-set, is unique.

It was in Balasore that Radhanath Ray, Fakir Mohan and Madhusudan came together. Radhanath, however, was the teacher of Madhusudan at Puri District School. It was his contact with Radhanath there that nourished the poetic aspirations in Madhusudan Rao. This budding talent blossomed during his tenure at Balasore. The Utkal Darpan magazine published in Balasore in 1973 with the patronage of Prince Baikunthanath De became the medium of expression for Madhusudan. His first collection of poems, ‘Jautha Kavitabali’ was published in 1876. It featured three poems by Radhanath and seven by Madhusudan. It may be recalled that before Madhusudan's poems were compiled, they were published in various issues of Utkal Darpan. His first poem was ‘Smashan’ (The Cemetery). His collections of poems include - ‘Kavitavali’ (parts 1 and 2), ‘Chhandamala’ (parts 1 and 2), ‘Kusumanjali’, ‘Basanta Gatha’, ‘Utkalagatha’, and ‘Sangeetmala’. In addition, his poems such as ‘Himachal Uday Utsav’, satirical works such as ‘Saabas Sahitya Charcha, Saabas Saabas’, ‘Bhaanda Rasayan Kabya’ and ‘Bibidha Kavita’ have been included in his collected volume..

Madhusudan is, in fact, the founder of modern lyric poetry. As the theme of his lyrics is mainly spiritual consciousness, he has earned the title of ‘Bhaktakabi’ from his massive lovers. He introduced western poetics into Odia poetry and gave it a new direction of style. In Odia, he successfully introduced the concept of Sonnet, Elegy (mourning song), Ode, Narrative (descriptive poetry) and hymns.

Madhusudan is the father of modern prose, especially Odia prose of the aristocratic style. Various essays in his ‘Prabandhamala’, the unpublished ‘Kabira Kaushala’ ‘Bharatiya Samaj’, ‘Ananta ambhamanankar Adarsha’, ‘Purnadharma’, ‘Dharmara Bala’, ‘Kavita Adhyayana’, ‘Adhyatma-tatwa Chinta’ and ‘Odia Bhasha’ stand testimonial to his aristocratic style of prose writing. He has a translation work of novel titled ‘Pranayara Adbhuta Parinama’.

 Madhusudan's textbooks like ‘Sahitya Kusum’, ‘Sahitya Prasang’, ‘Shishubodh’ and ‘Balabodh’ contained fictional texts to teach children and adolescents. In fact, his contribution to the formation of a modern mind is memorable. Its example is his ‘Barnabodh’ published in 1895. It focused on understanding modern language and literature, as well as the child's language skills, language education, and vocabulary training.

Madhusudan's prowess in translation as in original creation, is admirable. Among his works translated from English are ‘Nirbasitar Bilap’, ‘Kabitar Janma-marana’ and ‘Atmasamarpana’. However, Madhusudan has also translated some epics from Sanskrit, including 'Uttar Ramcharit'. ‘Ayodhya Pratyabartan’ is the Odia rendering of the thirteenth chapter of the Raghuvansha. ‘Sita Banabas’, ‘Sriram Banabas’ and ‘Bal Ramayana’ are creations in the light of the Balmiki Ramayana. In addition, he compiled the Sukhabodh Abhidhan in 1912, keeping in view the needs of students and teachers.

In fine, it can be summed up that Bhaktakavi Madhusudan Rao was the torch bearer of modern Odia poetry with a streak of spiritualism that visualised immortality in this mortal world. Madhusudan breathed his last on December 28, 1912.

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OPSC OAS Compulsory Papers: Odia and English

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Paper-I: Odia Language

The pattern of Questions shall be broadly as follows:

  • Comprehension of a given passage
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  • Translation from English to Odia and vice-versa
  • Usage and Vocabulary
  • Short Essays

Total : 250 Marks

Paper-II: English Language

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  • Each of the Papers i.e. Paper-I (Odia Language) and Paper-II (English) will be of Matriculation standard and shall be qualifying in nature. The marks obtained in these tow papers shall not be counted for ranking.
  • The aim of the papers on Odia Language and English is to test the candidates’ ability to read and understand discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly in Odia and English language.
  • Qualifying marks in these papers is 25% of the total marks in each papers.

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Essay on My State Odisha

Students are often asked to write an essay on My State Odisha in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on My State Odisha

Introduction.

Odisha, formerly known as Orissa, is an eastern Indian state. It is surrounded by West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh. Its capital is Bhubaneswar.

Natural Beauty

Odisha is known for its scenic beauty. It has a long coastline with beautiful beaches like Puri and Gopalpur. It also boasts of lush green forests, home to diverse wildlife.

Culture and Heritage

Odisha’s culture is rich and diverse. The state is famous for its classical dance Odissi, and its temples, especially the Sun Temple of Konark and Jagannath Temple in Puri.

The economy of Odisha is primarily based on agriculture, industries like steel and aluminium, and tourism. The state is also a major producer of rice in India.

250 Words Essay on My State Odisha

Geographical landscape.

Odisha, formerly known as Orissa, is a culturally rich state located in the eastern part of India. It is renowned for its lush green landscapes, extensive coastline, and a plethora of tribal cultures. The state is surrounded by West Bengal to the northeast, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and northwest, and Andhra Pradesh to the south.

Cultural Heritage

The cultural heritage of Odisha is deep-rooted in its classical music, dance, drama, and art. Odissi, one of the oldest surviving dance forms of India, originated in Odisha. The state’s art and architecture are prominently reflected in the ancient temples of Bhubaneswar, Puri, and Konark, famously known as the “Golden Triangle” of eastern India.

Economy and Industry

Primarily an agrarian economy, Odisha is also rich in mineral resources like coal, bauxite, and iron ore, making it a significant player in India’s industrial sector. The state has made substantial progress in sectors such as steel, aluminum, power, refineries, and ports, contributing significantly to its economic development.

Education and Social Indices

Odisha has made significant strides in education, with numerous universities and colleges offering a wide range of courses. However, the state still grapples with challenges related to literacy rates and quality education, particularly in rural and tribal areas.

Environmental Concerns and Sustainability

Odisha’s extensive coastline and varied topography make it prone to natural disasters like cyclones and floods. The state’s focus on sustainable development and disaster management is crucial for preserving its rich biodiversity and ensuring the well-being of its residents.

In conclusion, Odisha is a state that beautifully blends tradition with modernity. It is a testament to India’s diverse culture, rich history, and economic potential.

500 Words Essay on My State Odisha

Odisha, located on the eastern coast of India, is a state rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. It is a land of diverse landscapes, from coastal beaches to forested mountains, and a hub of ancient architecture and vibrant traditions.

Historical Significance

Odisha’s history traces back to the ancient Kalinga kingdom, which was a prominent maritime and trading power. The famous Kalinga War, fought between Emperor Ashoka and the Kalinga kingdom, led to a significant turning point in Ashoka’s life, prompting him to embrace Buddhism. The Ashokan edicts, scattered across the state, are a testament to this transformation and an integral part of Odisha’s historical legacy.

Odisha is a melting pot of various cultures, each with its unique customs and traditions. The state is renowned for its classical dance form, Odissi, which is one of the oldest surviving dance forms in India. Odisha’s rich literary tradition, with works in Oriya language dating back to the 13th century, is another significant aspect of its cultural heritage.

Architectural Marvels

Odisha houses some of the most magnificent architectural marvels in the form of temples. The Sun Temple at Konark, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the most iconic examples of ancient Indian architecture. The intricately carved stone wheels and the chariot-shaped structure are a testament to the exceptional craftsmanship of the era. Similarly, the Jagannath Temple in Puri, one of the four sacred ‘Char Dham’ pilgrimage sites for Hindus, holds immense religious and architectural significance.

Odisha’s diverse geography offers a rich array of natural beauty. The state’s coastline, stretching over 480 kilometers, boasts beautiful beaches like Puri and Gopalpur. The Chilika Lake, Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon, is a paradise for bird watchers, hosting a plethora of migratory birds during winter. The lush green forests of Simlipal and Satkosia are home to a wide range of flora and fauna, providing an immersive experience for nature enthusiasts.

Economic Potential

Odisha’s economy has shown promising growth over the years. The state is rich in mineral resources, including coal, iron ore, and bauxite, making it a significant player in India’s mining sector. Odisha’s coastline and ports present ample opportunities for maritime trade and the development of a blue economy. The state’s focus on sectors like tourism, agriculture, and IT also points towards a balanced and sustainable economic future.

Odisha, with its rich history, cultural heritage, architectural marvels, and natural beauty, is a state that captivates the heart and mind. Its economic potential, coupled with its diverse resources, positions it as an important state in India’s growth story. As we delve deeper into understanding Odisha, we find a compelling narrative of resilience, transformation, and progress, making it a fascinating subject of study for college students.

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It’s Not You: Dating Apps Are Getting Worse

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By Magdalene J. Taylor

Ms. Taylor is a writer covering sex and culture.

“The golden age of dating apps is over,” a friend told me at a bar on Super Bowl Sunday. As we waited for our drinks, she and another friend swiped through Bumble and Hinge, hunting for new faces and likes. Across the bar were two young men: phones out, apps open, clearly doing the exact same thing. Never did the duos meet.

What’s lamentable here isn’t only that dating apps have become the de facto medium through which single people meet. Since 2019, three in 10 U.S. adults have reported using them, with that figure rising to roughly six in 10 for Americans under 50 who have never been married. Not only are people not meeting partners in bars or any of the once normal in-person venues — they’re barely meeting them on the apps, either.

Maybe most of us just aren’t as hot as we used to be. Maybe it’s time our inflated egos got knocked down a notch. Maybe the market of people still willing to put themselves out there in an attempt to date has gotten smaller. Or maybe the apps have functionally, intentionally gotten worse, as have our romantic prospects. The more they fail to help us form relationships, the more we’re forced to keep swiping — and paying.

The internet, where so many of us spend so much of our time, has not been spared from the decline in quality that seems to plague so much of consumer life. This phenomenon was described by the writer Cory Doctorow in a November 2022 blog post and is sometimes called “platform decay”: Tech platforms like Amazon, Reddit and X have declined in quality as they’ve expanded. These sites initially hooked consumers by being almost too good to be true, attempting to become essential one-stop shops within their respective spaces while often charging nothing, thanks to low interest rates and free-flowing venture capital funding . Now that we’re all locked in and that capital has dried up, those initial hooks have been walked back — and there’s nowhere else to go.

This is precisely what is happening with dating apps now, too, with much more urgent consequences. What’s worsening isn’t just the technological experience of online dating but also our ability to form meaningful, lasting connections offline.

The collapse of dating apps’ usability can be blamed on the paid subscription model and the near-monopoly these apps have over the dating world. While dozens of sites exist, most 20-something daters use the big three: Tinder, Hinge and Bumble. (Older people often gravitate toward Match.com or eHarmony.) All three sites offer a “premium” version users must pay for — according to a study conducted by Morgan Stanley , around a quarter of people on dating apps use these services, averaging out at under $20 a month. The purpose, many believe, is to keep them as paid users for as long as possible. Even if we hate it, even if it’s a cycle of diminishing returns, there is no real alternative.

In the early heyday of Tinder, the only limits on whom you could potentially match with were location, gender and age preferences. You might not have gotten a like back from someone you perceived to be out of your league, but at least you had the chance to swipe right. Today, however, many apps have pooled the people you’d most like to match with into a separate category (such as Hinge’s “Standouts” section), often only accessible to those who pay for premium features. And even if you do decide to sign up for them, many people find the idea of someone paying to match with them to be off-putting anyway.

“If I don’t pay, I don’t date,” a friend in his 30s told me. He spends around $50 a month on premium dating app subscriptions and digital “roses” to grab the attention of potential matches. He’s gone on 65 dates over the last year, he said. None have stuck, so he keeps paying. “Back in the day, I never would have imagined paying for OKCupid,” he said.

Yet shares (Bumble’s stock price has fallen from about $75 to about $11 since its I.P.O.) and user growth have fallen , so the apps have more aggressively rolled out new premium models. In September 2023, Tinder released a $500 per month plan. But the economics of dating apps may not add up .

On Valentine’s Day this year, Match Group — which owns Tinder, Hinge, Match.com, OKCupid and many other dating apps — was sued in a proposed class action lawsuit asserting that the company gamifies its platforms “to transform users into gamblers locked in a search for psychological rewards that Match makes elusive on purpose.” This is in contrast to one of the group’s ad slogans that promotes Hinge as “designed to be deleted.”

People are reporting similar complaints across the apps — even when they aren’t taking the companies to court. Pew Research shows that over the last several years, the percentage of dating app users across demographics who feel dissatisfied with the apps has risen . Just under half of all users report feeling somewhat to very negative about online dating, with the highest rates coming from women and those who don’t pay for premium features. Notably, there is a gender divide: Women feel overwhelmed by messages, while men are underwhelmed by the lack thereof.

With seemingly increasing frequency, people are going to sites like TikTok , Reddit and X to complain about what they perceive to be a dwindling group of eligible people to meet on apps. Commonly, complaints are targeted toward these monthly premium fees, in contrast to the original free experience. Dating has always cost money, but there’s something uniquely galling about the way apps now function. Not only does it feel like the apps are the only way to meet someone, just getting in the door can also comes with a surcharge.

Perhaps dating apps once seemed too good to be true because they were. We never should have been exposed to what the apps originally provided: the sense that the dating pool is some unlimited, ever-increasing-in-quality well of people. Even if the apps are not systematically getting worse but rather you’ve just spent the last few years as a five thinking you should be paired with eights, the apps have nonetheless fundamentally skewed the dating world and our perception of it. We’ve distorted our understanding of how we’d organically pair up — and forgotten how to actually meet people in the process.

Our romantic lives are not products. They should not be subjected to monthly subscription fees, whether we’re the ones paying or we’re the ones people are paying for. Algorithmic torture may be happening everywhere, but the consequences of feeling like we are technologically restricted from finding the right partner are much heavier than, say, being duped into buying the wrong direct-to-consumer mattress. Dating apps treat people like commodities, and encourage us to treat others the same. We are not online shopping. We are looking for people we may potentially spend our lives with.

There is, however, some push toward a return to the real that could save us from this pattern. New in-person dating meet-up opportunities and the return of speed dating events suggests app fatigue is spreading. Maybe we’ll start meeting at bars again — rather than simply swiping through the apps while holding a drink.

Have you ditched dating apps for a new way to meet people, or are you still swiping left?

Opinion wants to hear your story.

Magdalene J. Taylor (@ magdajtaylor ) is a writer covering sex and culture. She writes the newsletter “ Many Such Cases .”

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , X and Threads .

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    Ms. Taylor is a writer covering sex and culture. "The golden age of dating apps is over," a friend told me at a bar on Super Bowl Sunday. As we waited for our drinks, she and another friend ...