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Critical thinking: An essential police tool

Policies and procedures provide guidelines for dealing with a variety of situations, but what about problems not neatly gift wrapped.

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Officers who deploy critical thinking will benefit themselves, their agencies and the public.

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By Robert Whitson, PhD

As a police officer, have you ever asked yourself, “What the hell was I thinking?” Have you ever watched other officers, usually on the nightly news, and asked, “What the hell were they thinking?” During my 30 years as a police officer, a lot of people told me “what” to think, but nobody told me “how” to think. Nobody taught me critical thinking.

Police officers deal with problems every day. Officers are expected to demonstrate common sense, communication skills and interpersonal skills, all with an open mind free of bias. Policies and procedures provide guidelines for dealing with a variety of situations, but what about problems not neatly gift wrapped? Officers must use critical thinking for such situations. The following are five real-life examples.

1. You’re dispatched to a suicidal female who is on the phone with a crisis counselor. The female said she is alone in her apartment and has a gun.

Do you call SWAT? Do you evacuate other apartments? Do you yell for the female to come outside? Do you enter the apartment? Do you leave, which is a concept proposed in some jurisdictions?

Keep in mind, if somebody gets injured or dies, your every move will be dissected in retrospect. If you make a mistake, you may lose your job, get sued , or be prosecuted. In 2017, there were 47,173 suicides in the United States and about 1.4 million attempts. What will you do?

In this case, the officers who responded to the female’s apartment listened at the front door and didn’t hear anyone. The front door was unlocked. They quietly opened the door and heard the female talking in a bathroom. The bathroom door was open about one inch.

If they asked her to come out of the bathroom, it could turn into a barricaded subject, or suicide by cop. Realizing the female was distracted while talking to the counselor, and that most people who call a counselor for help don’t want to commit suicide, the officers knew they could take advantage of the element of surprise. One of the officers entered the bathroom and immediately grabbed the female before she could fire a gun. In this case, the plan worked, and nobody was hurt.

2. You attempt to stop a driver who may be driving under the influence. Instead of stopping, the vehicle speeds away. According to your pursuit policy, an officer must weigh the risk to life and property presented by the suspect if not immediately apprehended, compared to the risk to the public in pursuing the suspect.

An average of 355 persons were killed annually, from 1996 to 2015, during police pursuits. [1] If someone gets seriously injured or killed during your pursuit, your decision to engage in a pursuit will be second-guessed, with possible discipline, and the inevitable lawsuit will follow.

There are many variables to consider for this example. Is the driver a juvenile? Is the driver a senior citizen? What type of vehicle is involved? Variables include the volume of traffic, speed, the number of people in the suspect’s vehicle, type of area (residential, rural, city, business), type of roadway (number of lanes, highway, dirt/gravel, construction), traffic lights or signs, the weather (dry, wet, snow, ice), and time of day or night, etc.

No officer wants anyone, especially an innocent person, to be injured or killed during a pursuit. Yet it happens too often. What will you do? My recommendation is to end the pursuit or follow the suspect from a distance while considering arrest options if the suspect stops or returns home. What’s your decision?

3. You’re a detective. You obtained a search warrant for a residence to search for illegal drugs. Based on information from an informant, the suspect always keeps a gun close to him. The informant has never been inside the suspect’s home and the informant is afraid to buy drugs from the suspect. You plan to execute the search warrant at 7:00 a.m. on a Saturday when the suspect should be asleep. Just before you execute the search warrant, you learn the suspect has his wife and two young children in his residence. What will you do?

Ask yourself this question, “What will the news media report if a child is hurt during the raid?” The headlines will read “Police Murder Child in Drug Raid Gone Wrong.” I worked in the narcotics unit for six years. Drugs are not worth getting anyone killed, especially innocent children. In this case, the raid should be canceled until the children are out of the residence. You may consider using a ruse to get the suspect and/or children out of the residence, but don’t enter while they’re present.

4. You observe a person on the sidewalk in front of your police station. The person is taking videos of the police station, police employees going in and out of the building, police vehicles and personal vehicles of employees. What will you do?

YouTube is full of citizens who bait officers into violating their constitutional rights . Proceed with caution. First, do you have reasonable suspicion to believe a crime has occurred or is about to occur? If not, don’t contact this person. A person in public can legally videotape people and places in public. If you have reasonable suspicion, you can contact this person and ask for their name, but you better be sure you can justify reasonable suspicion. What if the person refuses to provide their name and/or an identification card? If you don’t have probable cause to arrest the person, walk away.

5. It’s a busy night and all officers are on calls. You’re dispatched to an apartment building about a man with a gun. Upon arrival, the victim says a resident of the apartment building appeared intoxicated, was screaming in the pool area and was carrying a rifle. The victim told the suspect to be quiet and go inside. The suspect told the victim, “Shut up or I’ll shoot you.” No shots were fired, but the suspect could be arrested for felony menacing. You go to the suspect’s apartment. No lights are on and you can’t hear any noise inside the apartment. The suspect appears to be asleep. What are the risks of trying to contact the suspect at that time, compared to the risks of contacting the suspect at a later date? What will you do?

In this case, I decided to take a wait-and-see approach. Why wake the suspect and possibly force a barricaded situation? The victim was advised to call 9-1-1 if the suspect left his apartment again. Two days later, an arrest warrant was obtained for the suspect and the suspect was arrested without incident.

Characteristics of critical thinkers

According to critical thinking experts Richard Paul and Linda Elder, “Critical thinking is that mode of thinking – about any subject, content, or problem – in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking.”

Rosalindo Alfaro-LeFevre [2] lists the characteristics of critical thinkers, shortened and summarized for this article:

  • Active thinkers: Double-check the reliability of information.
  • Fair, open-minded and flexible: Aware of their perceptions, values, beliefs and biases, but willing to consider other perspectives and change priorities as needed.
  • Empathetic: Put themselves in the position of other people. Understand the thoughts and feelings of others from their perspective.
  • Independent thinkers: The ability to reach decisions by themselves and take responsibility for those decisions, instead of depending on others to make decisions.
  • Curious, humble and honest: Constantly trying to find the truth and resolve problems. Admitting mistakes and trying to correct them. Always evaluating performance and striving to improve it.
  • Proactive: Anticipating problems and acting before they occur.
  • Organized and systematic: Examining information, making decisions and trying to solve problems systematically.
  • Logical: Seeking facts, research, and making evidence-based decisions.
  • Team player: Willing to collaborate and work toward a common goal.

When people in America call the police for help, they expect professional, educated and qualified officers to help them. And, in this era, Americans are quick to report (via the news media and social media) unprofessional, unethical and/or illegal police behavior. Officers who deploy critical thinking will benefit themselves, their agencies and the public, and in doing so, may stay off the evening news for making a mistake.

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Take the active supervision challenge: Critical thinking

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1. Reaves B. Police vehicle pursuits, 2012-2013. Retrieved from the Bureau of Justice Statistics website .

2. Alfaro-LeFevre R. Critical thinking in nursing: A practical approach. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 1999.

About the author

Robert Whitson was a police officer in Boulder, Colorado, for 30 years, working a variety of assignments. He taught criminal justice at Metropolitan State University in Denver for seven years while working on a PhD in criminal justice. He presently teaches for a private university in Florida, where he has taught criminal justice for seven years. Contact him at [email protected] .

Critical Thinking

You have a wonderful mind, and by the time you leave college, you should know how to use it. Fierce advocacy requires that you think for yourself, basing decisions on evidence and reliable sources. When you take a stance on a topic, you should be able to clearly explain your point-of-view – and also remain open to understanding different perspectives. The issues we face are rarely as simple as “right” versus “wrong.” There’s plenty of gray area, and critical thinking skills will help you navigate those unclear spaces.

Students who demonstrate critical thinking skills are able to:

  • Make decisions that are ethical.
  • Provide valid evidence for why their decisions are sound and evaluate information to arrive at defensible conclusions.
  • Be open minded and flexible about changes to their decisions.
  • Differentiate between fact and opinion.
  • Acknowledge that things are not always “either/or” or “right or wrong.”

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3 strategies for engaging criminal justice students in critical thinking.

Aaron Fichtelberg

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This webinar, led by Professor Aaron Fichtelberg, focuses on developing a classroom where students are open to critical approaches to criminal justice.    Many students begin their studies of criminal justice with commonly held “good guy/bad guy” narratives regarding the criminal justice system and are often resistant to a critical perspective on the issue.  A lecturer who is too strident in how they approach the material can easily lead students to resist critical insights or simply to refuse to engage with the material.

In recent years, however, many young people, particularly those from marginalized groups, have begun to become far more skeptical about the benevolence of the criminal justice system as groups like the Black Lives Matter movement have begun to force discussions of systemic inequalities into the public sphere.  Therefore, it has only become more important the professors of criminal justice help students understand the validity of these critical views regardless of whether their students agree with them. This webinar will focus on how professors can maintain a classroom that helps otherwise skeptical students to open to a critical perspective on the criminal justice system.  It will emphasize classroom strategies and teaching tips that will help students see criminal justice in a critical light without alienating or offending students who may disagree with such an approach.

Finally, the webinar will discuss bigger questions about what it means to be critical in the classroom.

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12.10: Critical Thinking Questions

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  • Andrew Teas, Kevin Jefferies, Mark W. Shomaker, Penny L. Watson, and Terry Gilmour
  • Houston Community College, Alvin Community College, and Midland College via panOpen

Reforming the Texas Criminal Justice System

Question: What are some recommendations for reducing the state’s prison population? Which one is most likely to succeed and why?

Feedback: Texas is among the states with historically high prison populations after decades of extraordinary growth. This rapid growth has become a financial burden to the state’s taxpayers. Some suggest that the burgeoning prison population is due, in part, to low incomes and levels of education in socioeconomically challenged areas.

In recent years, many states --- including Texas --- have cut primary, secondary and higher education funding, in some cases by large amounts. It is recommended that states could start repairing the damage done by recession-era cuts and otherwise improve their education systems, especially in high-poverty neighborhoods most directly affected by high incarceration rates by implementing one or all of the following strategies:

  • Expanding access to high-quality preschool the by increasing, rather than decreasing, “per child” funding
  • Reducing class sizes in high-poverty schools, where there are generally more students per classroom.
  • Revising state funding formulas to invest more in high-poverty neighborhoods, where property taxes raise substantially less income than is collected in wealthier area.
  • Increasing college enrollment and graduation rates for students from low-income families, who are far less likely to enroll in college than students from wealthier households, less likely to graduate, and less likely to afford tuition and other costs associated with higher education.

Juvenile or Adult

Question : How should offenders under the age of 18 years of age be treated in Texas? Are they adults, or are they juveniles? Does their status depend upon the crime they commit? Consider these issues as you formulate an educated opinion about this issue and recommend a viable solution.

Feedback: In Texas, 17-year-olds who commit a crime are considered adults and enter the adult criminal justice system. Texas is one of only 7 remaining states that charge 17-year-olds as adults.

Proponents of reform assert that the impact of this policy is significant, as the overwhelming majority of those arrests are for nonviolent offenses, including drug possession and theft. They also contend that research indicates that young people who are kept in the juvenile justice system are 34% less likely to re-offend than young people who are transferred into the adult system. 1 Further, proponents of change claim that if Texas does not enact a new law in this area, incarceration of minors in the state would continue to risk being at odds with a federal law – the Prison Rape Elimination Act, which bars 17-year-old inmates from being within "sight or sound" of inmates 18 and older.

Critics counter that the practice could do more harm than good to children, who they say should not be locked up with adult offenders instead of being treated with 16-year-olds and younger people in the juvenile justice system. Several states automatically treat 17-year-olds as adults in criminal cases, while some do the same for 16-year-olds. The severity of the crime often determines which court, and at what level, an offender is tried. And, is often the case, the enormous costs associated with such a change (the construction of new facilities to accommodate a much larger number of newly defined juvenile offenders) acts as a disincentive to change the existing law.

  • Texas Criminal Justice Coalition. Return Children Under the Age of 18 to the State’s Juvenile Justice System. (2020)
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This course introduces the topics of critical and creative thinking. This overview course defines and differentiates the two topics, and helps students explore how personal beliefs are formed and evaluated. Special attention is placed on how critical and creative thinking are used to create solutions to problems encountered by criminal justice and security personnel.

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Home » 500+ Criminal Justice Research Topics

500+ Criminal Justice Research Topics

Criminal Justice Research Topics

Criminal justice is a complex and critical field that encompasses various aspects of crime prevention, law enforcement, legal proceedings, and punishment. Research plays a crucial role in understanding and addressing the challenges and opportunities in this field. From studying the causes and consequences of crime to exploring the effectiveness of policies and interventions, there is a wide range of fascinating and important criminal justice research topics to explore. Whether you are a student, a scholar, a practitioner, or a curious citizen, delving into the world of criminal justice research can deepen your knowledge, sharpen your critical thinking skills, and contribute to creating a safer and fairer society. In this post, we will introduce some of the most compelling and relevant criminal justice research topics that you may find intriguing and informative.

Criminal Justice Research Topics

Criminal Justice Research Topics are as follows:

  • The effectiveness of community policing in reducing crime rates
  • The impact of body-worn cameras on police accountability and public trust
  • The causes and consequences of police use of excessive force
  • The role of race and ethnicity in police-citizen interactions and perceptions
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs in reducing recidivism among juvenile offenders
  • The impact of mandatory minimum sentencing on crime rates and prison populations
  • The challenges and opportunities of restorative justice as an alternative to punitive justice
  • The role of mental health and substance abuse treatment in reducing criminal behavior
  • The ethics and implications of using predictive policing algorithms
  • The impact of private prisons on the criminal justice system and society
  • The effectiveness of victim-offender mediation in reducing the harm of crime
  • The prevalence and causes of wrongful convictions and the implications for justice
  • The role of media in shaping public perceptions of crime and justice
  • The effectiveness and fairness of the death penalty as a form of punishment
  • The role of international law in addressing transnational crimes such as terrorism and human trafficking
  • The impact of the War on Drugs on drug use, drug-related crime, and public health
  • The effectiveness of gun control laws in reducing gun violence and crime rates
  • The role of technology in enhancing or challenging the criminal justice system, such as DNA analysis or facial recognition software
  • The prevalence and causes of domestic violence and the effectiveness of intervention programs
  • The impact of sentencing disparities based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status
  • The role of plea bargaining in the criminal justice system and the implications for justice
  • The effectiveness of sex offender registries and notification laws in reducing sex crimes
  • The impact of pretrial detention on defendants’ rights and outcomes
  • The role of community-based corrections in reducing recidivism and promoting reentry
  • The ethics and implications of using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for surveillance and law enforcement
  • The effectiveness and implications of using risk assessment tools in pretrial decision-making
  • The prevalence and impact of hate crimes and the challenges of prosecuting them
  • The role of eyewitness testimony in criminal trials and the reliability of memory
  • The effectiveness of drug courts in reducing drug-related crime and improving outcomes for offenders
  • The impact of race and ethnicity on the administration of the death penalty
  • The role of juries in the criminal justice system and the factors that affect their decisions
  • The effectiveness and ethics of using informants in criminal investigations and prosecutions
  • The prevalence and impact of cybercrime and the challenges of investigating and prosecuting it
  • The effectiveness of juvenile justice reforms in promoting rehabilitation and reducing recidivism
  • The impact of community-based policing on police-citizen relations and trust
  • The role of social media in shaping perceptions of crime and justice
  • The effectiveness of prison education and vocational training programs in promoting rehabilitation and reducing recidivism
  • The prevalence and impact of human rights abuses in the criminal justice system, such as torture or discrimination
  • The effectiveness of gang prevention and intervention programs in reducing gang-related crime
  • The role of implicit bias in the criminal justice system and its impact on outcomes
  • The impact of solitary confinement on mental health, behavior, and reentry outcomes
  • The impact of police body cameras on public trust and police accountability.
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for juvenile offenders.
  • The impact of community policing on crime reduction
  • The use of predictive policing in law enforcement
  • The impact of decriminalizing marijuana on crime rates
  • The role of mental health professionals in the criminal justice system
  • The effectiveness of de-escalation training for police officers
  • The impact of technology on police surveillance practices
  • The relationship between gender and sentencing disparities in the criminal justice system
  • The relationship between poverty and crime
  • The effectiveness of restorative justice programs in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of the War on Drugs on mass incarceration
  • The use of cognitive-behavioral therapy in offender rehabilitation
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for people with substance use disorders
  • The role of implicit bias in jury selection
  • The impact of police officer stress on use of force incidents
  • The use of big data in criminal investigations and decision-making
  • The effectiveness of restorative justice practices in school disciplinary policies
  • The relationship between mental illness and homelessness in the criminal justice system
  • The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on juvenile offenders
  • The role of drug courts in the criminal justice system
  • The effectiveness of offender reentry programs for people with disabilities
  • The impact of restorative justice programs on victims of crime
  • The use of therapeutic jurisprudence in the criminal justice system
  • The relationship between race and ethnicity and the use of force by private security personnel
  • The effectiveness of educational programs in correctional facilities
  • The impact of eyewitness identification procedures on wrongful convictions
  • The role of community-based policing in reducing crime rates
  • The use of predictive analytics in bail decisions
  • The effectiveness of correctional education programs on recidivism
  • The impact of immigration enforcement policies on immigrant communities’ trust in law enforcement
  • The relationship between mental health and juvenile detention
  • The use of biometrics in criminal investigations and identification
  • The effectiveness of mental health courts in reducing recidivism among people with co-occurring disorders
  • The impact of gender and sexuality on hate crime victimization and reporting
  • The role of cultural competence in police training
  • The use of risk assessment tools in pretrial detention decisions
  • The effectiveness of community supervision programs for people with substance use disorders
  • The impact of social and economic policies on criminal justice outcomes
  • The relationship between race and ethnicity and criminal case outcomes
  • The use of therapeutic communities in correctional facilities
  • The effectiveness of specialized courts for domestic violence cases
  • The impact of gun violence on public safety and crime rates
  • The role of eyewitness memory and recall in criminal investigations and trials
  • The use of DNA evidence in criminal investigations and exoneration
  • The effectiveness of probation and parole programs for people with disabilities
  • The impact of victim impact statements on sentencing decisions
  • The relationship between criminal justice policies and racial and ethnic disparities in incarceration rates
  • The use of unmanned aerial vehicles in law enforcement
  • The effectiveness of community-based restorative justice programs for juvenile offenders
  • The impact of public defender workload on criminal case outcomes
  • The role of community activism and advocacy in criminal justice reform
  • The use of risk assessment tools in school disciplinary policies
  • The effectiveness of family-focused interventions in reducing juvenile recidivism
  • The impact of police officer race and ethnicity on use of force incidents
  • The relationship between race and ethnicity and prosecutorial decision-making
  • The use of virtual reality simulations in police training
  • The effectiveness of mental health diversion programs for people with traumatic brain injuries
  • The impact of juvenile life without parole sentences on individuals and society.
  • The use of drones in criminal investigations
  • The effectiveness of community-based alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders
  • The impact of wrongful convictions on the criminal justice system
  • The role of implicit bias in criminal justice decision-making
  • The use of risk assessment tools in child welfare investigations
  • The effectiveness of offender reentry programs in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of hate crimes on marginalized communities
  • The relationship between mental health and the use of force by police officers
  • The use of body language analysis in criminal interrogations
  • The effectiveness of community policing strategies in building trust between police and communities
  • The impact of race on police use of force and police brutality
  • The role of prosecutorial discretion in the criminal justice system
  • The use of algorithms in pretrial detention decisions
  • The effectiveness of victim-centered approaches to sexual assault investigations
  • The impact of domestic violence on child custody decisions
  • The relationship between social media and cybercrime
  • The use of facial recognition technology in law enforcement
  • The effectiveness of police officer training programs on cultural sensitivity and bias reduction
  • The impact of the school-to-prison pipeline on youth
  • The role of mental health courts in diversion programs
  • The use of virtual reality technology in criminal justice education and training
  • The effectiveness of crisis intervention teams in responding to mental health crises
  • The impact of immigration policies on crime reporting and victimization rates in immigrant communities
  • The relationship between police department size and use of force incidents
  • The use of predictive analytics in parole and probation supervision
  • The effectiveness of juvenile justice system diversion programs for LGBTQ+ youth
  • The impact of bail reform on pretrial detention rates and recidivism
  • The role of trauma-informed care in the criminal justice system
  • The use of artificial intelligence in forensic investigations
  • The effectiveness of prison entrepreneurship programs in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of COVID-19 on the criminal justice system
  • The relationship between mental health and incarceration rates
  • The use of social network analysis in criminal investigations
  • The effectiveness of drug testing and monitoring programs for probationers and parolees
  • The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on drug offenses
  • The role of the media in shaping public perceptions of crime and the criminal justice system
  • The use of body-worn cameras in courtroom proceedings
  • The effectiveness of mental health diversion programs for veterans involved in the criminal justice system
  • The impact of race and ethnicity on the plea bargaining process
  • The relationship between police department diversity and community trust
  • The use of crime mapping in law enforcement strategies
  • The effectiveness of animal therapy programs in correctional facilities
  • The impact of the death penalty on families of victims and offenders
  • The role of prosecutorial misconduct in wrongful convictions.
  • Racial disparities in the use of capital punishment
  • The effectiveness of electronic monitoring as an alternative to incarceration
  • The role of restorative justice in reducing recidivism
  • The relationship between mental illness and criminal behavior
  • The effectiveness of drug courts in reducing drug-related offenses
  • The impact of body-worn cameras on police behavior and citizen complaints
  • The use of risk assessment tools in sentencing and release decisions
  • The effectiveness of boot camp programs for juvenile offenders
  • The use of eyewitness testimony in criminal trials
  • The impact of victim-offender mediation on the criminal justice system
  • The relationship between education level and criminal behavior
  • The effectiveness of parole and probation in reducing recidivism
  • The use of artificial intelligence in criminal justice decision-making
  • The role of public defenders in the criminal justice system
  • The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on the prison population
  • The effectiveness of therapeutic courts for individuals with substance abuse disorders
  • The impact of social media on the reporting of crimes and public perception of crime
  • The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of mental health courts on the criminal justice system
  • The role of community service in reducing recidivism
  • The relationship between domestic violence and gun ownership
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for individuals with mental illnesses
  • The impact of sentencing guidelines on judicial discretion
  • The use of police body language in detecting deception during interviews
  • The relationship between incarceration and employment opportunities post-release
  • The effectiveness of community-based supervision programs for released offenders
  • The impact of the war on drugs on the criminal justice system
  • The role of race and ethnicity in plea bargaining decisions
  • The use of risk assessment tools in juvenile justice
  • The effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy in correctional facilities
  • The impact of restorative justice on the victims of crime
  • The relationship between gun laws and gun violence rates
  • The effectiveness of pretrial diversion programs for individuals with mental illnesses
  • The role of reentry programs in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of mandatory arrest policies in domestic violence cases
  • The use of polygraph tests in criminal investigations
  • The relationship between gang membership and criminal behavior
  • The effectiveness of drug treatment courts in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of solitary confinement on mental health and behavior
  • The role of gun buyback programs in reducing gun violence
  • The relationship between substance abuse and child abuse
  • The effectiveness of victim impact panels in reducing drunk driving
  • The impact of juvenile detention on mental health and behavior
  • The use of forensic science in criminal investigations
  • The relationship between race and wrongful convictions
  • The effectiveness of prison education programs in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of police militarization on community trust and safety
  • The relationship between race, ethnicity, and police use of force.
  • The impact of mandatory minimum sentencing laws on incarceration rates.
  • The effectiveness of community policing in reducing crime rates.
  • The relationship between mental illness and criminal behavior.
  • The role of gender in criminal justice sentencing and outcomes.
  • The impact of the war on drugs on incarceration rates and drug use.
  • The effectiveness of restorative justice programs in reducing recidivism.
  • The impact of solitary confinement on mental health and rehabilitation.
  • The relationship between poverty and crime rates.
  • The role of technology in modern policing and criminal justice.
  • The effectiveness of drug courts in reducing drug-related crime.
  • The relationship between immigration and crime rates.
  • The impact of mandatory arrest policies in cases of domestic violence.
  • The effectiveness of victim-offender mediation in reducing recidivism.
  • The role of social media in modern crime and policing.
  • The impact of police militarization on community trust and safety.
  • The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs for incarcerated individuals.
  • The relationship between gun ownership and violent crime.
  • The impact of wrongful convictions on individuals and the criminal justice system.
  • The role of race and ethnicity in jury selection and decision-making.
  • The effectiveness of mental health courts in reducing recidivism.
  • The relationship between education and crime rates.
  • The impact of body-worn cameras on police officer behavior and decision-making.
  • The effectiveness of drug treatment programs in reducing recidivism.
  • The relationship between domestic violence and gun ownership.
  • The impact of the death penalty on deterrence and sentencing outcomes.
  • The role of implicit bias in policing and criminal justice decision-making.
  • The effectiveness of community-based reentry programs for formerly incarcerated individuals.
  • The relationship between crime rates and social inequality.
  • The impact of predictive policing on crime rates and community trust.
  • The effectiveness of probation and parole programs in reducing recidivism.
  • The relationship between mental health and policing.
  • The impact of police unions on police accountability and reform efforts.
  • The role of the media in shaping public perceptions of crime and justice.
  • The effectiveness of pretrial diversion programs in reducing incarceration rates.
  • The relationship between police use of force and police training.
  • The impact of mandatory minimum drug sentences on racial disparities in the criminal justice system.
  • The effectiveness of juvenile detention alternatives in reducing recidivism.
  • The relationship between mass incarceration and economic inequality.
  • The impact of police body language on civilian compliance.
  • The role of community organizations in crime prevention and intervention.
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for people with disabilities.
  • The relationship between mental health and criminal justice reform.
  • The impact of immigration policies on community safety and trust.
  • The role of prosecutorial discretion in the criminal justice system.
  • The effectiveness of job training programs for formerly incarcerated individuals.
  • The relationship between race and drug policy.
  • The impact of pretrial detention on case outcomes and incarceration rates.
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for offenders with mental health issues
  • The prevalence and impact of police corruption and the challenges of rooting it out
  • The role of victim impact statements in the criminal justice system and their impact on sentencing
  • The impact of social inequality on crime rates and the criminal justice system
  • The role of political ideology in shaping criminal justice policy and practice
  • The effectiveness of rehabilitation and reentry programs for adult offenders
  • The prevalence and impact of sexual harassment and assault within the criminal justice system
  • The role of the Fourth Amendment in regulating police searches and seizures
  • The effectiveness of restorative justice practices in addressing campus sexual assault
  • The impact of mass incarceration on families and communities
  • The ethics and implications of using artificial intelligence in criminal justice decision-making
  • The role of bail reform in promoting justice and reducing pretrial detention
  • The prevalence and impact of police misconduct and accountability mechanisms
  • The effectiveness of drug policy reform in reducing drug-related harm and promoting public health
  • The impact of globalization on transnational crimes and the challenges of international cooperation
  • The role of prosecutorial discretion in shaping criminal justice outcomes
  • The prevalence and impact of white-collar crime and the challenges of prosecution
  • The role of public defenders in ensuring access to justice for indigent defendants
  • The effectiveness of mental health courts in diverting mentally ill offenders from the criminal justice system
  • The impact of the criminal justice system on immigrant communities and the challenges of immigrant detention and deportation
  • The role of forgiveness in restorative justice and its implications for healing and reconciliation
  • The effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution in reducing court congestion and promoting justice
  • The prevalence and impact of hate speech and the challenges of regulating it
  • The role of public opinion in shaping criminal justice policy and practice
  • The effectiveness of community supervision in reducing recidivism and promoting reentry
  • The impact of the criminalization of homelessness on vulnerable populations
  • The role of community activism and advocacy in promoting criminal justice reform
  • The effectiveness of therapeutic jurisprudence in promoting rehabilitation and well-being
  • The prevalence and impact of police militarization and its implications for public safety and civil liberties
  • The role of eyewitness identification procedures in criminal investigations and the reliability of identification evidence
  • The effectiveness of harm reduction strategies in reducing drug-related harm and promoting public health
  • The impact of the criminal justice system on Indigenous communities and the challenges of decolonizing justice
  • The role of hate crime legislation in promoting justice and reducing hate-motivated violence
  • The effectiveness of police training programs in reducing racial and ethnic bias and promoting cultural competence
  • The prevalence and impact of gun violence and the challenges of gun control policy
  • The role of the Eighth Amendment in regulating cruel and unusual punishment
  • The effectiveness of problem-solving courts in addressing complex social issues and promoting justice
  • The impact of the criminal justice system on LGBTQ+ communities and the challenges of achieving equality and inclusivity
  • The role of victim services in promoting healing and well-being for crime victims
  • The effectiveness of drug testing and monitoring programs in promoting rehabilitation and reducing recidivism
  • The prevalence and impact of prison gangs and the challenges of managing them
  • The role of implicit bias in eyewitness identification and the implications for justice
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for offenders with substance abuse issues
  • The impact of social media on crime reporting and law enforcement
  • The role of mental health diversion programs in reducing mass incarceration and promoting treatment
  • The prevalence and impact of wrongful convictions of innocent people and the challenges of exoneration
  • The relationship between immigration and crime rates
  • The impact of drug courts on drug-related offenses and recidivism rates
  • The use of restorative justice practices in the criminal justice system
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for people released from prison
  • The use of polygraph tests in criminal investigations and court proceedings
  • The impact of bail amounts on pretrial detention and case outcomes
  • The relationship between gun ownership and crime rates
  • The effectiveness of mental health screening and assessment for individuals involved in the criminal justice system
  • The use of virtual courtrooms in criminal proceedings
  • The impact of juvenile detention on mental health and future criminal behavior
  • The relationship between poverty and crime rates
  • The use of eyewitness identification procedures in criminal investigations and court proceedings
  • The effectiveness of community service programs as a sentencing alternative
  • The role of racial profiling in law enforcement practices
  • The use of risk assessment tools in sentencing and parole decisions
  • The impact of mandatory reporting laws on child abuse and neglect cases
  • The relationship between parental incarceration and children’s wellbeing
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for drug-related offenses
  • The use of cognitive-behavioral therapy in offender rehabilitation programs
  • The impact of solitary confinement on mental health and recidivism rates
  • The relationship between social capital and crime rates
  • The use of DNA evidence in criminal investigations and court proceedings
  • The effectiveness of crisis response teams in reducing police use of force incidents
  • The role of race and ethnicity in jury selection and decision-making
  • The impact of court fines and fees on individuals involved in the criminal justice system
  • The relationship between education and crime rates
  • The use of risk assessment tools in domestic violence cases
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for individuals with substance use disorders
  • The impact of court-appointed attorneys on case outcomes and access to justice
  • The role of victim impact statements in sentencing decisions
  • The use of mental health courts for individuals with co-occurring disorders
  • The effectiveness of court-mandated treatment programs for drug offenders
  • The impact of gender on the sentencing and treatment of offenders
  • The relationship between drug policy and crime rates
  • The use of forensic psychology in criminal investigations and court proceedings
  • The effectiveness of cognitive interviewing techniques in witness testimony
  • The impact of the media on public perceptions of the criminal justice system
  • The relationship between neighborhood characteristics and crime rates
  • The use of body-worn cameras in police-community interactions
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for individuals with intellectual disabilities
  • The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on sentencing disparities
  • The role of mental health providers in prisons and jails
  • The use of civil asset forfeiture in law enforcement practices
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for individuals with mental illness involved in the criminal justice system
  • The impact of police militarization on community trust and police accountability
  • The relationship between unemployment and crime rates
  • The use of artificial intelligence in identifying and preventing human trafficking
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for individuals with traumatic brain injuries
  • The impact of community-based alternatives to policing on public safety and crime rates.
  • The impact of the militarization of police on community relations
  • The effectiveness of restorative justice practices in reducing recidivism
  • The relationship between socioeconomic status and juvenile delinquency
  • The impact of police department culture on officer behavior
  • The role of community courts in addressing low-level offenses
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for people who were formerly incarcerated
  • The impact of body-worn cameras on police officer behavior and community perceptions
  • The relationship between mental illness and police use of force
  • The use of neuroscience in criminal sentencing
  • The effectiveness of gun control policies in reducing gun violence
  • The role of alternative dispute resolution in the criminal justice system
  • The use of biometrics in criminal investigations
  • The effectiveness of gang prevention and intervention programs
  • The impact of domestic violence on employment and economic stability
  • The use of artificial intelligence in criminal investigations and sentencing
  • The role of implicit bias in eyewitness identification
  • The use of drug courts in addressing drug addiction and drug-related crimes
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for juvenile offenders
  • The impact of social media on crime and victimization
  • The relationship between mental health and incarceration of women
  • The use of surveillance technologies in correctional facilities
  • The effectiveness of victim-offender mediation programs
  • The impact of prosecutorial discretion on plea bargaining outcomes
  • The role of mental health assessments in competency to stand trial determinations
  • The use of biographical information in criminal investigations
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for people with mental illness
  • The impact of police body language on community perceptions
  • The relationship between criminal justice policies and racial disparities in healthcare
  • The use of geospatial analysis in predicting crime patterns
  • The effectiveness of community service programs in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of court fines and fees on people with low incomes
  • The role of neuroscience in detecting deception
  • The use of technology in victim advocacy and support services
  • The effectiveness of juvenile justice diversion programs for LGBTQ+ youth
  • The impact of parental incarceration on children and families
  • The relationship between race and juvenile justice system involvement
  • The use of facial recognition technology in correctional facilities
  • The effectiveness of community-based mental health services in reducing incarceration rates
  • The impact of prison labor on employment opportunities for formerly incarcerated people
  • The role of community-based restorative justice in addressing hate crimes
  • The use of predictive analytics in child welfare investigations
  • The effectiveness of alternative sentencing programs for drug-related offenses
  • The impact of immigration enforcement policies on crime reporting in immigrant communities
  • The relationship between implicit bias and jury decision-making
  • The use of technology in improving language access in the criminal justice system.
  • The impact of police body language on citizen perceptions and trust
  • The effectiveness of police academy training on officer decision-making in high-pressure situations
  • The role of technology in the spread of human trafficking
  • The relationship between mental health and probation and parole revocation rates
  • The use of community courts in addressing quality of life offenses
  • The effectiveness of prisoner reentry programs on family reunification and support systems
  • The impact of public defender caseloads on the quality of legal representation
  • The role of implicit bias in jury selection and decision-making
  • The use of diversion programs for juveniles involved in prostitution
  • The effectiveness of community supervision programs for offenders with serious mental illness
  • The impact of immigration enforcement policies on the criminal justice system
  • The relationship between recidivism rates and prison education and vocational programs
  • The use of body-worn cameras in prison settings
  • The effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution in reducing court congestion
  • The impact of prison labor on reentry and recidivism rates
  • The role of risk assessment tools in parole and probation decision-making
  • The effectiveness of drug courts in addressing substance abuse and recidivism
  • The impact of solitary confinement on mental health and behavior in prison
  • The relationship between domestic violence and firearm possession
  • The use of mental health diversion programs for veterans involved in the criminal justice system
  • The effectiveness of juvenile drug court programs on reducing recidivism
  • The impact of private prisons on inmate rehabilitation and public safety
  • The role of implicit bias in pretrial detention decisions
  • The use of GPS monitoring in pretrial release and probation supervision
  • The effectiveness of offender education and job training programs in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of collateral consequences on reentry and recidivism rates
  • The use of crisis intervention teams in responding to mental health emergencies
  • The effectiveness of community-based alternatives to detention for juveniles
  • The role of public opinion in shaping criminal justice policy
  • The effectiveness of police body-worn cameras in reducing police misconduct and excessive use of force
  • The impact of incarceration on family dynamics and relationships
  • The relationship between access to legal representation and case outcomes
  • The use of community supervision and support programs for individuals with substance use disorders
  • The impact of pretrial detention on case outcomes and recidivism rates
  • The role of prosecutorial discretion in plea bargaining and sentencing
  • The use of facial recognition technology in criminal investigations and surveillance
  • The effectiveness of problem-solving courts in addressing specialized criminal cases
  • The impact of prison privatization on inmate rights and access to services
  • The relationship between race, gender, and criminal justice outcomes
  • The use of mental health courts in diversion programs
  • The effectiveness of community policing strategies in building trust and reducing crime rates
  • The impact of police militarization on community perceptions and police-citizen interactions
  • The role of forensic evidence in criminal investigations and court proceedings
  • The use of artificial intelligence in predicting criminal behavior and recidivism.
  • The use of restorative justice in the criminal justice system
  • The impact of police militarization on community policing efforts
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for individuals with substance use disorders
  • The relationship between economic inequality and crime rates
  • The use of artificial intelligence in pretrial risk assessment
  • The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on non-violent drug offenses
  • The impact of the War on Drugs on communities of color
  • The relationship between mental health and probation violations
  • The effectiveness of drug courts in reducing recidivism rates
  • The role of eyewitness testimony in wrongful convictions
  • The use of facial recognition technology in criminal investigations and prosecutions
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for juvenile offenders
  • The impact of probation and parole supervision on recidivism rates
  • The relationship between police use of force and mental health disorders
  • The use of predictive analytics in criminal sentencing
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for individuals with mental illness
  • The impact of bail systems on low-income individuals and communities
  • The role of implicit bias in sentencing decisions
  • The use of social media in criminal investigations
  • The impact of mandatory sentencing on judicial discretion
  • The relationship between drug addiction and property crime
  • The use of predictive analytics in risk assessment for pretrial release
  • The effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programs in correctional facilities
  • The impact of police body-worn cameras on police-citizen interactions
  • The role of forensic evidence in wrongful convictions
  • The use of drones in border patrol and immigration enforcement
  • The effectiveness of community supervision programs for individuals with mental illness
  • The impact of mandatory sentencing on the prison population and corrections costs
  • The relationship between gang activity and violent crime
  • The use of artificial intelligence in criminal investigations and evidence collection
  • The effectiveness of juvenile diversion programs for first-time offenders
  • The impact of prosecutorial misconduct on wrongful convictions
  • The role of implicit bias in police use of force incidents
  • The use of risk assessment tools in pretrial detention decisions for juvenile defendants
  • The effectiveness of prison education programs in reducing recidivism rates
  • The impact of racial profiling on policing practices and community trust
  • The relationship between homelessness and criminal behavior
  • The use of predictive analytics in identifying and preventing cybercrime
  • The effectiveness of mental health treatment programs for incarcerated individuals
  • The impact of the school-to-prison pipeline on students of color
  • The role of community-based programs in reducing crime rates and recidivism
  • The use of neuroscience in criminal investigations and sentencing decisions
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for individuals with co-occurring disorders
  • The impact of solitary confinement on mental health and recidivism rates.
  • The effectiveness of diversion programs for offenders with substance use disorders
  • The impact of judicial discretion on sentencing outcomes
  • The relationship between access to legal representation and sentencing disparities
  • The use of body-worn cameras in reducing police misconduct and brutality
  • The impact of bail practices on pretrial detention and racial disparities
  • The relationship between police unions and police accountability
  • The effectiveness of community supervision in reducing recidivism
  • The impact of solitary confinement on mental health outcomes for inmates
  • The relationship between criminal justice policies and racial wealth inequality
  • The use of risk assessment tools in sentencing decisions
  • The effectiveness of mandatory minimum sentences in reducing crime rates
  • The impact of victim impact statements on sentencing outcomes
  • The relationship between criminal justice policies and environmental justice
  • The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in law enforcement
  • The effectiveness of juvenile justice diversion programs for at-risk youth
  • The impact of police militarization on community relations
  • The relationship between immigration enforcement and public safety
  • The use of artificial intelligence in predicting recidivism risk
  • The effectiveness of police training on de-escalation tactics
  • The relationship between the criminal justice system and income inequality
  • The use of geographic profiling in criminal investigations
  • The effectiveness of mental health courts in reducing incarceration rates
  • The impact of mandatory arrest policies on domestic violence victims
  • The relationship between criminal justice policies and public health outcomes
  • The use of body-worn cameras in reducing false accusations against police officers
  • The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing domestic violence recidivism
  • The impact of race and ethnicity on police use of force during traffic stops
  • The use of predictive analytics in parole and probation revocation decisions
  • The effectiveness of offender treatment programs for intimate partner violence offenders
  • The impact of prison education programs on post-release employment and recidivism
  • The relationship between prison labor and modern-day slavery
  • The use of predictive modeling to prevent child abuse and neglect
  • The effectiveness of community courts in reducing recidivism rates
  • The impact of community-based organizations on crime prevention
  • The relationship between mental health and substance use disorders in the criminal justice system
  • The use of mobile forensic technology in criminal investigations
  • The effectiveness of gender-responsive programming in reducing female recidivism rates
  • The impact of anti-immigrant sentiment on policing in immigrant communities
  • The relationship between police legitimacy and public trust
  • The use of data analytics in law enforcement resource allocation
  • The effectiveness of reentry programs for people with disabilities
  • The impact of police misconduct on wrongful convictions
  • The relationship between restorative justice and school discipline
  • The use of location tracking technology in the criminal justice system
  • The effectiveness of anti-bias training for law enforcement officers
  • The impact of drug decriminalization on public safety and health.

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13 Important Questions About Criminal Justice We Can’t Answer

And the government can’t either..

The Marshall Project is a nonprofit newsroom covering the U.S. criminal justice system. Sign up for our newsletters to receive all of our stories and analysis.

A few weeks ago, the White House trumpeted the progress of its Police Data Initiative . The nearly one-year-old project prods local cops to publish data on their operations in a bid to increase transparency and build trust with the communities they police.

The results were underwhelming. Of nearly 18,000 police agencies from coast to coast, just 53 had signed on to the effort. Of that inaugural class, eight released data on officer-involved shootings, and six published information on their officers’ use of force.

After the deaths of Freddie Gray and Laquan McDonald and others—in an age when police in many cities are under greater scrutiny than they’ve been in decades—how is it that we know so little about how officers employ force to subdue suspects?

“How many times this week has the department used a Taser? How many times have people been hospitalized because of a beating?” said Walter Katz, the independent police auditor for the city of San Jose, Calif. “There is a complete dearth of such information. To me, that type of force can have just as corrosive an effect on community relations as an officer-involved shooting.”

The open secret is that we know very little about much of how the criminal justice system operates in America. These aren’t things the government knows and won’t tell us (though there are plenty of those , too ). It’s because state, local and federal governments, which ought to rely on data to inform the policies they enact, just don’t know.

In some cases, the federal government commissions criminal justice surveys that offer national estimates, often years after the fact. But the kind of granular, local, real-time data that powers most industries is all but absent. The number of times police use force or shoot someone in the line of duty are just the most obvious examples in our current national conversation.

Among the things we don’t know about our criminal justice system:

how many people have a criminal record

how many people have served time in prison or jail

how many children are on some type of supervision or probation

how many juvenile offenders graduate to become adult offenders

how often people reoffend after being released from prison

how many shootings there are in America

how many police are investigated or prosecuted for misconduct

how many people in America own guns

how often police stop pedestrians or motorists

how many incidents of domestic violence are reported to police

what percentage of those eligible for parole are granted release from prison

how many corrections officers are disciplined or prosecuted for abusing prisoners

how many criminal cases are referred to prosecutors and how they decide which to pursue

The excuses for why we don’t have better data about our police, our courts and our prisons may sound familiar to anyone who has worked in corporate America: there isn’t enough money to hire analysts; the IT department says it can’t be done; the chief is moving on to another department.

Local autonomy has not been helpful for good criminal justice data. The fraction of the country’s 18,000 police departments that do collect figures on officers’ use of force have no consistent definition of what constitutes force. Adam Gelb, director of the Pew Charitable Trusts’ Public Safety Performance Project, cites similar issues in other parts of the system, like probation. There are thousands of probation agencies, but they are either run at the state or local level. In one place, probation is part of the executive branch; In another, it’s part of the judiciary. The lack of consistency makes contacting all the agencies a daunting prospect, much less moving them toward timely and uniform reporting of statistics.

The Center for Policing Equity has been collecting data from police agencies on pedestrian and traffic stops as well as uses of force. The center’s co-founder Phillip Atiba Goff, a visiting scholar at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, said the National Justice Database has commitments from police departments that cover about one-third of the nation’s population. But for him, it’s not a matter of whether police are collecting data, but how they’re collecting it. Many departments, for instance, don’t collect the age of people who are on the receiving end of police officers’ use of force, or they may omit the reason why a suspect was stopped in the first place.

“Within a particular category of data, there are huge disparities in what's filled in,” Goff said.

Katz agreed, “There's no consistent, uniform way of collecting data or agreement on what should be collected.”

There is one part of the Department of Justice tasked with collecting and publishing data: The Bureau of Justice Statistics . But no one argues that the bureau, which is a clearinghouse for all kinds of data on police staffing, prison rape, crime figures and more, should be doing it all by itself. Some, like Katz, believe the answer to improving what we know has to come from individual states.

“I don’t think the BJS can do it,” said John Pfaff, a professor at Fordham Law School in New York. "Every year, Congress asks them to do more and more already. I don't think they have the capacity to do any more. They do amazing stuff, but I don't think they can."

When it comes to bad data, police aren’t even the worst offenders. While there is data on policing and corrections and some on the courts themselves, the biggest piece missing is information on how local prosecutors operate.

"We have really no data whatsoever on what prosecutors do, almost none,” Pfaff said, adding, “We don't know what they're doing, why they're doing it and what drives their decision process."

And that ignorance has an impact on efforts to reduce incarceration levels and lower sentences. Because we don’t have data on how prosecutors work, we don’t focus on them when we talk about reforms, Pfaff said. Gelb called prosecutors “the biggest and most significant black box to be opened in the system.”

The problem with a lack of data on the criminal justice system is more than just budgetary. It’s a cultural issue that gets to the heart of why criminal justice reform is so very difficult.

“For some [police] departments there may be cultural resistance to looking too closely,” Katz said. “Police departments can be very insular, very closed off. Within the closed system they may not even perceive that this may be a best practice.”

This aversion to transparency has rubbed off on lawmakers, who may find the numbers mildly interesting, but not really necessary to guiding policy for a system that largely runs itself, according to Gelb.

“If that's the approach and the attitude, why would you need to have real time, actionable data for policy decisions? Policy makers have not seen the need for it,” he said.

And what we — and policy makers — don’t know about criminal justice could fill a prison.

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Central Wyoming College

Home / News / 2023-2024 News / Empowering Future Leaders In Criminal Justice

Empowering Future Leaders In Criminal Justice

  • February 8, 2024

Central Wyoming College

Empowering Future Leaders In Criminal Justice: Central Wyoming College's Comprehensive Programs Shine Light On Education And Ethical Practices

Photo of Dr. Lael Noonan and Kathleen Tilton

In an era where the understanding of criminal justice is evolving rapidly, Central Wyoming College stands as a guiding force for individuals aspiring to make a difference in law enforcement, corrections, and juvenile justice.

Profile photo of Kathleen Tilton

“Our criminal justice program has a focus in both criminal justice and pre-law that provides students with so many possibilities for their future, ” said Kathleen Tilton, associate professor of criminal justice. “We prepare students for the workforce so they have the knowledge and skills they need to be successful after they graduate and go to work.”

With campuses across Wyoming including Jackson and Riverton, CWC offers a robust Criminal Justice program designed to equip students with essential knowledge, critical thinking skills, and ethical decision-making abilities.

Comprehensive Curriculum: Preparing Tomorrow’s Leaders

At the core of CWC’s Criminal Justice program is a curriculum that takes a close look at the entire legal system.

“We have a very in-depth and balanced curriculum that focuses both on the law enforcement side of criminal justice as well as the court and legal side,” adds Tilton. “And the curriculum isn’t just being taught out of a book but by professionals — attorneys and police officers — who bring their own real-life experience and knowledge to the classroom.”

This educational approach places a strong emphasis on cultivating critical thinking, ethical decision-making, and effective problem-solving and communication skills.

critical thinking questions criminal justice

Drawing from multiple disciplines such as sociology, law, and political science, Central Wyoming College ensures a well-rounded educational experience for its students, aligning with the ever-changing complexities of criminal activities.

“Learning critical thinking skills and effective problem-solving and communication skills will make you a better police officer but it also helps you to be more successful in life,” said Michelle Weber, Jackson Hole Police Chief and adjunct professor at the CWC campus in Jackson.

Nurturing Leaders in Law Enforcement Leadership

CWC’s commitment extends beyond traditional criminal justice education with its Law Enforcement Leadership option. Designed for those in criminal justice and law enforcement organizations, this program provides opportunities for professional and personal development.

The curriculum fosters practical and active learning strategies, encouraging growth in individuals and teams.

Dr. Lael Noonan

“Our program ensures students gain a comprehensive understanding of leadership,” says Dr. Lael Noonan, Director for Bachelor of Applied Science Degrees. “We cover the foundations of leadership, effective management, power dynamics, and self-assessment. Students learn to lead change, build teams, and empower others. They develop their own leadership models, problem-solving skills, and continue to grow as leaders.”

The Law Enforcement Leadership option is part of the Organizational Management and Leadership Bachelor of Applied Science degree.

With a minimum of 120 credit hours required for completion, including 30 general education credit hours and 40 upper-division coursework hours, the program offers a comprehensive and practical approach.

Current law enforcement professionals may leverage Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) and Law Enforcement Academy courses to fulfill some program requirements, showcasing CWC’s commitment to accommodating the unique needs of its students.

Online and Hybrid Options: Flexibility in Criminal Justice Education

Recognizing the diverse needs of students, CWC goes beyond traditional education. The Criminal Justice program at CWC offers flexible learning options, including in-person,  online and hybrid classes.

Whether residing in Jackson, Riverton, or elsewhere, individuals can access quality education and advance their careers in criminal justice. This adaptability allows students to tailor their education to fit their schedules, making it accessible to those with work, family, or other commitments.

Through these formats, students can engage with course materials, participate in discussions, and collaborate on projects, all while enjoying the flexibility of remote learning. This approach not only accommodates the demands of modern lifestyles but also prepares students for the evolving landscape of digital communication within the criminal justice field.

Pathways to Success: Tailored Programs for Diverse Careers

CWC offers various pathways within its Criminal Justice program to provide students with specialized options that match their career goals.

  • Corrections Option (Certificate I): – Tailored for corrections with a focus on critical thinking and ethical decision-making.
  • Law Enforcement Option (Certificate I): – Designed for aspiring law enforcement officers, emphasizing foundational skills.
  • School Resource Officer Option (Certificate I): – Geared towards those interested in school resource officer roles, emphasizing critical thinking.
  • Criminal Justice Cert II: – Prepares for entry-level positions in the dynamic criminal justice environment.
  • Associate of Arts Degree in Criminal Justice: – Provides flexibility, emphasizing interdisciplinary skills.

For more details, visit the official college  website .

Proven Benefits: Elevating Law Enforcement through College Education CWC proudly highlights the proven advantages of a college education for law enforcement officers. Extensive research indicates that officers with college degrees experience fewer citizen complaints, face fewer terminations due to misconduct, and are less likely to use force.

This commitment to excellence is evident in the faculty composition, where individuals with backgrounds as attorneys and police officers bring a unique blend of legal knowledge and practical experience in criminal justice to the classroom.

“We have very highly-qualified faculty that bring a really strong combination of experience and balance to the table, both from the legal side in the courtroom to the law enforcement side, so students are receiving a very well-rounded perspective of criminal justice,” Tilton said.

Support Services and Financial Aid: Fostering Success Recognizing the challenges of higher education, CWC provides extensive support services, including tutoring and counseling, to its students.

Eligible students may access financial aid and scholarships, ensuring that aspiring criminal justice professionals can pursue their education without unnecessary barriers.

As the demand for ethical and educated criminal justice professionals continues to rise, CWC remains steadfast in its commitment to providing resources and shaping the leaders of tomorrow.

Career Paths: Building a Future in Criminal Justice

Central Wyoming College Criminal Justice program provides diverse career paths for individuals pursuing criminal justice education. Graduates can embark on various rewarding professions, including:

Public Safety, Juvenile Justice, Corrections, Victim Assistance, Law Enforcement, Crime Prevention, Loss Prevention, Court Administration, Trial Process and Research and Policy Making

For those looking to further their education, transfer options to four-year colleges or universities are available, opening doors to advanced career opportunities in the criminal justice sector.

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Reimagining BMCC

Monitoring and Reporting Positive Cases

  • Academic Literacy and Linguistics

Critical Thinking and Justice (A.A.)

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Programs Offered

  • Critical Thinking and Justice
  • Linguistics and Literacy

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or learn more .

The Department of Academic Literacy and Linguistics (ALL) offers an Associate in Arts (AA) degree in Critical Thinking and Justice. This program fosters critical literacy and critical thinking as applied to studies in justice, history, and philosophy, among others. This field will help you gain an understanding of the relationship between the humanities and justice; engage and develop the skills of careful reading, critical thinking, and clear writing about the justice system and community justice.

This program will prepare students for careers in humanities and justice, and related fields in behavioral and social sciences, communication and media, education, the legal profession and the non-profit sector.

Students completing this program can transfer seamlessly into the B.A. degree in Humanities and Justice at the CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice without the loss of credits.

Transfer Options

BMCC has  articulation agreements  with several four-year colleges to allow you to seamlessly continue your education there.

Explore Careers

BMCC is committed to students’ long-term success and will help you explore professional opportunities. Undecided? No problem. The college offers  Career Coach  for salary and employment information, job postings and a self-discovery assessment to help students find their academic and career paths. Visit  Career Express  to make an appointment with an advisor, search for jobs or sign-up for professional development activities with the  Center for Career Development.  Students can also visit the  Office of Internships and Experiential Learning  to gain real world experience in preparation for a four-year degree and beyond. These opportunities are available to help BMCC students build a foundation for future success.

Rosario Torres Program Coordinator [email protected]

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Requirements

Critical thinking and justice academic program maps.

  • Critical Thinking and Justice 2 Year Plan
  • Critical Thinking and Justice 5 Semester Plan

Required Common Core

Flexible core 2, curriculum requirements.

  • These credits can be satisfied by taking STEM variants in the Common Core.
  • No more than two course in any discipline or interdisciplinary field can be used to satisfy Flexible Common Core requirements.
  • If students take ACL 195 to satisfy the World Cultures and Global Issues requirement in the Common Core, they will be able to take an additional advised elective.
  • If students take CRT 150 to satisfy the Scientific World requirement in the Common Core, they will be able to take an additional advised elective.
  • If students take CRT 120 to satisfy the Individual and Society requirement in the Common Core, they will be able to take an additional advised elective.
  • Choose one (1) course from CRT 196, CRT 200, CRT 210, CRT 220, CRT 245, CRT 250, CRT 295, CRT 310, CRT 350, LIN 240, PHI 100, PHI 110, PHI 111, PHI 120, PHI 210, or POL 260.
  • Choose one (1) course from COM 265, CRT 120, CRT 196, CRT 300, CRT 295, GWS 100, LIN 125, LIN 150, LIN 300, SOC 154/AFN 154, SOC 150/LAT 150, SOC 210, or SOC 230.
  • Choose one (1) course from AFN 321, AFN 322, AFN 338, ENG 116, ENG 300, ENG 311, ENG 314, ENG 336, ENG 338/LAT 338, ENG 339, ENG 340, ENG 346, ENG 353, HIS 123/AFN 123, HIS 124/AFN 124, HIS 126/AFN 126, HIS 130/LAT130, PHI 100, PHI 120, or any modern language course.
  • Choose one (1) course from ACL 150, ACL 175, ACL 250, CRJ 101, CRJ 201, CRJ 202, CRT 300, CRT 310, CRT 350, ECO 111, HUM 101, HUM 201, LIN 201, LIN 240, LIN 250, POL 100, POL 230, or POL 230.

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QUESTIONS & ANSWERS – der gig-blog-Fragenkatalog: Folge 92 mit MOSCOW METRO

Moscow Metro

Da sage nochmal jemand etwas gegen das deutsche Vereinswesen. Der Verein „In die Wohnzimmer e.V.“ und die „Schutzbauten Stuttgart e.V.“ tun sich spontan zusammen – und heraus kommt: ein Indie-Gig vom feinsten mit den ganz frischen und ordentlich durchstartenden Moscow Metro aus Limerick. Und zwar am 27.05. um 20:00 Uhr im Tiefbunker Feuerbach , einer Location mit wunderbar schaudriger Kalter-Kriegs-Atmo. Wie geschaffen für eine Musik, die stilistisch irgendwo zwischen Joy Division und Echo & the Bunnymen angesiedelt ist.

Wir wollten ein wenig mehr über die Band wissen und haben unseren Fragebogen nach Irland gesendet. Sean Corcoran und Dylan Casey waren so freundlich, unsere Fragen postwendend zu beantworten.

What was the most wonderful gig you ever played? Sean: Hard to say.

Where would you absolutely love to play? Dylan: Japan Sean: Berlin

Please describe your worst studio experience. Dylan: Paying a first class rate for a fourth class producer.

What would your music sound like if Elvis had never existed? Sean: Exactly the same.

The title of the book that touched you most is… Dylan: 1984 – George Orwell Sean: The Butcher Boy – Patrick McCabe

Which ringtone do you use? Dylan: Grandmaster Flash – The Message

The most beautiful love song ever is called… Dylan: I Fuck Your Wife – Myles Manley

Which song (except your own songs) do you know by heart? Sean: The Clash: Lost in the Supermarket.

Boxer shorts or briefs? Dylan: No

Which Beatles song deserves a decent cover (by you)? Dylan: She’s So Heavy Sean: Helter Skelter

Which TV show is essential? Sean: The News

Describe the perfect stage outfit. Sean: Black shoes, shirt, slacks and a Fender.

Your favourite candy? Sean: Galaxy Bars

What would you be today if you had not become a pop star? Dylan: I would consider myself more of a struggling musician, and I like to think that in a parallel universe I would still be struggling at music. Or Dead. Sean: Probably a Teacher or Carpenter.

In which band would you like to play (except your own)? Dylan: Led Zepplin.

What’s your favourite instrument? Sean: Fender Bass VI

The greatest musical genius (dead or alive)? Sean: Hannett

How would you spend an unexpected gift of 1000 Euro (you’re not allowed to invest in alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, holidays or prostitution)? Sean: I would buy a Fender Bass VI

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  • ← QUESTIONS & ANSWERS – der gig-blog-Fragenkatalog: Folge 91 mit KREIDLER
  • QUESTIONS & ANSWERS – der gig-blog-Fragenkatalog: Folge 93 mit TANGERINE DREAM →

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2: Defining and Measuring Crime and Criminal Justice

Learning objectives.

In the previous section, we spent much time trying to understand how to define crime, whereas this section will focus on the task of measuring crime. Measuring crime is quite complex and requires an understanding of different data sets and how we use them. Defining crime seems complex, but measuring crime is just as complicated of a task. Without crime, there is no need for the criminal justice system. We must have a clear and accurate understanding of crime in order to create effective policies to combat it or help minimize it. This section will teach students how to obtain accurate measures of crime so that they can be an informed citizen. Further, if we have an accurate picture of crime and trends, we can better predict the needs of our society, such as increased patrol, rehabilitation services, and more. We will also spend some time talking about evidence-based practices, discussed in greater detail later. After reading this section, students will be able to:

  • Develop an understanding of the different data sources used to gather precise and accurate measures of crime
  • Recognize the difference between official or reported statistics, self-report statistics, and victimization statistics
  • Evaluate the reliability of statistics and data heard about the criminal justice system

Critical Thinking Questions

  • What are the three different types of data sources we often rely on in CJ?
  • What are the strengths and limitations of each data source?
  • Identify when each type of data source would be appropriate for different crimes and why.

SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System Copyright © 2019 by Alison S. Burke, David Carter, Brian Fedorek, Tiffany Morey, Lore Rutz-Burri, and Shanell Sanchez is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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19th Edition of Global Conference on Catalysis, Chemical Engineering & Technology

  • Victor Mukhin

Victor Mukhin, Speaker at Chemical Engineering Conferences

Victor M. Mukhin was born in 1946 in the town of Orsk, Russia. In 1970 he graduated the Technological Institute in Leningrad. Victor M. Mukhin was directed to work to the scientific-industrial organization "Neorganika" (Elektrostal, Moscow region) where he is working during 47 years, at present as the head of the laboratory of carbon sorbents.     Victor M. Mukhin defended a Ph. D. thesis and a doctoral thesis at the Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (in 1979 and 1997 accordingly). Professor of Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia. Scientific interests: production, investigation and application of active carbons, technological and ecological carbon-adsorptive processes, environmental protection, production of ecologically clean food.   

Title : Active carbons as nanoporous materials for solving of environmental problems

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November 24, 2023

Russian offensive campaign assessment, november 24, 2023.

November 24, 2023, 7:30pm ET

Click here to see ISW’s interactive map of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This map is updated daily alongside the static maps present in this report.

Click here to see ISW’s 3D control of terrain topographic map of Ukraine. Use of a computer (not a mobile device) is strongly recommended for using this data-heavy tool.

Click here to access ISW’s archive of interactive time-lapse maps of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. These maps complement the static control-of-terrain map that ISW produces daily by showing a dynamic frontline. ISW will update this time-lapse map archive monthly.

Note: The data cut-off for this product was 2:30pm ET on November 24, and covers both November 23 and November 24 due to the fact that ISW did not publish a Campaign Assessment on November 23 in observance of the Thanksgiving Day holiday. ISW will cover subsequent reports in the November 25 Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment.

Ukrainian officials reported that Russian forces began a renewed offensive effort towards Avdiivka on November 22, although likely with weaker mechanized capabilities than in the previous offensive waves that occurred in October. Ukrainian Tavriisk Group of Forces Commander Brigadier General Oleksandr Tarnavskyi reported on November 23 that Russian forces launched a “third wave” of assaults as part of the Russia offensive operation in the Avdiivka direction, and Tavriisk Group of Forces Spokesperson Colonel Oleksandr Shtupun stated that this “third wave” began on November 22. [1] Shtupun reported a 25 to 30 percent increase in Russian ground attacks near Avdiivka on November 22 and stated that Ukrainian forces repelled several Russian columns of roughly a dozen armored vehicles in total during assaults. [2] The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Ukrainian forces repelled at least 50 Russian assaults in the Avdiivka direction on November 23 and 24. [3] Russian sources claimed that Russian forces continued offensive operations on Avdiivka’s northern and southern flanks but did not characterize any Russian assaults as heavily mechanized. [4] Russian sources claimed that Russian forces continued to advance north of Avdiivka and made further gains in the industrial zone southeast of Avdiivka but did not make any territorial claims consistent with a successful renewed large-scale Russian offensive push. [5]

Shtupun stated that Ukrainian forces destroyed three Russian tanks and seven armored fighting vehicles on November 22, suggesting that Russian forces are currently conducting a smaller set of mechanized assaults than in October. [6] Ukrainian officials reported that Russian forces lost 50 tanks and 100 armored vehicles in renewed assaults on Avdiivka on October 19 and 15 tanks and 33 armored vehicles during the initial large, mechanized assaults on October 10. [7] Russian forces have lost a confirmed 197 damaged and destroyed vehicles in offensive operations near Avdiivka since October 9, and the Russian military appeared to spend the end of October and all of November preparing for a wave of highly attritional infantry-led ground assaults to compensate for these heavy-equipment losses. [8] Large infantry-led ground assaults will likely pose a significant threat to Ukrainian forces defending in the Avdiivka direction but will not lead to a rapid Russian advance in the area.

High-ranking Russian officials may be engaged in a wider scheme of forcibly adopting deported Ukrainian children. BBC Panorama and Russian opposition outlet Vazhnye Istorii published investigations on November 23 detailing how Just Russia Party leader Sergei Mironov adopted a 10-month-old Ukrainian girl whom Russian authorities forcibly deported from a Kherson City orphanage in autumn of 2022 alongside over 40 other children. [9] The investigations found that Mironov's new wife, Inna Varlamova, traveled to occupied Kherson Oblast, where occupation authorities issued her a power of attorney to deport two children—a 10-month-old girl and a two-year-old boy. [10] Both BBC and Vazhnye Istorii noted that Varlamova falsely introduced herself to the leadership of the children's home as the "head of children's affairs from Moscow," a position which she does not hold and that still would not legitimize the deportations of the children under international law. [11] Russian court documents show that Mironov and Varlamova then adopted the girl in November 2022, changed her name from her Ukrainian birth name to a new Russian name and the surname Mironova, and officially changed her place of birth from Kherson City to Podolsk, Russia. [12] Neither investigation could confirm the whereabouts of the two-year-old boy. Mironov notably responded to the investigation and called it a "fake from Ukrainian special services and their Western curators" meant to discredit him. [13]

Mironov and his wife, who reportedly holds a low-level unspecified position in the Russian Duma, follow in the footsteps of Russian Commissioner on Children's Rights Maria Lvova-Belova, who has also adopted at least one Ukrainian child from occupied Mariupol. [14] While ISW can only confirm that these two Russian officials have forcibly adopted deported Ukrainian children at this time, the adoptions may be indicative of a wider pattern in which Russian officials adopt deported children in order to legitimize the practice in the eyes of the Russian public. Russian politicians may be adopting deported Ukrainian children to set administrative and cultural precedents for wider adoptions of Ukrainian children to further escalate Russia's campaign to deport Ukrainians to Russia. ISW continues to assess that the forced deportation and adoption of Ukrainian children likely amounts to a violation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. [15]

Ukraine’s Western allies declared their commitment to further develop Ukrainian air defense capabilities during the 17th Ramstein Group virtual meeting on November 22. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that Germany and France will lead a coalition of 20 countries to further develop Ukraine’s air defenses, and Ukrainian Defense Minister Rustem Umerov added that the coalition will help Ukraine further develop its ground-based air defense systems. [16] Zelensky noted on November 23 that improved Ukrainian air defenses will save lives and resources, allow Ukrainian citizens to return from abroad, and deprive Russia of the ability to terrorize Ukraine. [17] Ramstein Group members also agreed on issues such as additional equipment and weapons for Ukraine during the winter of 2023–24, mine trawling and other security measures in the Black Sea, Ukraine’s NATO Interoperability Roadmap, and additional security assistance packages from the US, Germany, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Finland, the Netherlands, and Estonia. [18]

Russian President Vladimir Putin attended the Collective Security Treaty Organization’s (CSTO) Collective Security Council session in Minsk, Belarus on November 23 against the background of Armenia’s continued absence from recent CSTO events and exercises. Putin attended the session alongside Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov, Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, and the CSTO’s Secretary General Imangali Tasmagambetov. [19] The summit marked the end of Belarus’ chairmanship of the CSTO, and Lukashenko stated that Kazakhstan will hold the chairmanship beginning December 31, 2023. Putin thanked the session’s attendees for contributing to the regional defense structure and highlighted expanding military-technical cooperation between CSTO member states. Putin stated during his bilateral meeting with Rahmon that Russia will deliver two air defense divisions equipped with S-300 air defense systems to Tajikistan as part of the CSTO’s unified air defense system. [20]

Russian sources widely noted Armenia’s absence from the CSTO summit on November 23. [21] Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan also did not attend the CSTO’s summit in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan on October 13 after Armenian forces refrained from participating in the CSTO “Indestructible Brotherhood-2023" exercises in early October. [22] Kremlin Spokesperson Dmitri Peskov stated on November 23 that the Kremlin regretted Armenia’s absence in Minsk but stated that Armenia remains “an ally and strategic partner” to Russia. [23] The Kremlin has previously attempted to dispel concerns about the deterioration of Russian-Armenian relations. [24] Kremlin newswire TASS reported that Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Mnatsakan Safaryan reiterated that Armenia is not considering leaving the CSTO or asking Russia to withdraw its forces from Russia’s 102nd Military Base in Gyumri, Armenia. [25]

Chinese businesses, including a prominent state-owned Chinese construction firm, are reportedly working with Russian businessmen to plan the construction of an underwater tunnel that would connect Russia with occupied Crimea. The Washington Post reported on November 24 that it corroborated information in emails provided by Ukrainian intelligence services that detail the formation of a Russian-Chinese business consortium that aims to build an underwater tunnel along the Kerch Strait connecting Russia to occupied Crimea. [26] Vladimir Kalyuzhny, identified by the emails as the general director of the consortium, reportedly messaged the Crimean occupation representative to the Russian President, Georgy Muradov, and stated that he has a letter from Chinese business partners attesting to the Chinese Railway Construction Corporation’s (CRCC) readiness to participate as a general contractor for the tunnel project. [27] The CRCC is under the supervision of China’s state-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and is one of China’s largest construction firms. [28] The emails reportedly indicate that the CRCC stipulated that its involvement would occur through an unaffiliated legal entity and that an unnamed Chinese bank was willing to convert dollar funds into rubles to fund the consortium's projects. [29] Kalyuzhny, Crimean occupation head Sergei Aksyonov, and Kremlin Spokesperson Dmitri Peskov denied the Washington Post ’s reporting. [30] The reported Russian interest in the tunnel project, which would likely take years to complete, is an additional indicator of deep Russian concern about the vulnerability of ground lines of communication (GLOCs) between Russia and occupied Crimea along the Kerch Strait Bridge.

European states are responding to Russia's continued orchestration of an artificially created migrant crisis on its northwestern borders. The Finnish government announced on November 22 that Finland will close three more checkpoints on the Finnish-Russian border from November 23 to December 23, leaving only the northernmost checkpoint open. [31] Norwegian Prime Minister Johan Gahr Store stated on November 22 that Norway would also close its border to Russia “if necessary.“ [32] Estonian Defense Minister Hanno Pevkur stated on November 23 that an increased number of migrants have also arrived at the Estonian-Russian border and that Russia is organizing the arrivals as part of an effort to “weaponize illegal immigration.” [33] Reuters reported on November 23 that the Estonian Interior Ministry stated that Estonia has undertaken preparations to close its border crossings with Russia if “the migration pressure from Russia escalates.” [34] Latvian Prime Minister Evika Silina stated on November 24 that Latvia has experienced a similar influx of migrants on its border with Russia, and Silina and Finnish Prime Minister Petteri Orpo stated that these are Russian and Belarusian “hybrid attacks.” [35] Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson Maria Zakharova accused Finland on November 22 of “stirring up Russophobic sentiments” and interrupting border services that were an integral part of Russian–Finnish cooperation. [36] ISW previously assessed that Russia is employing a known hybrid warfare tactic similar to Russia’s and Belarus’s creation of a migrant crisis on the Polish border in 2021 that is likely similarly aimed at destabilizing NATO. [37]

The Russian Strelkov (Igor Girkin) Movement (RDS) called prior Russian regional elections and the upcoming Russian presidential election illegitimate, likely in an effort to establish Girkin’s inevitable presidential election loss as a long-standing grievance. [38] The RDS Congress issued a resolution on November 24 in which it claimed that unspecified actors are doing everything possible to preserve the existing system of power in Russia regardless of the political situation or Russian citizens’ will. [39] The RDS Congressional resolution issued a list of demands for Russian election reform and claimed that the RDS would not recognize any future elections as legitimate if the Russian government does not meet these demands. [40]

Russian law enforcement reportedly detained about 700 migrants at a warehouse in Moscow Oblast and issued some military summonses, likely as part of an ongoing effort to coerce migrants into Russian military service. [41] Russian sources reported on November 24 that Russian police and Rosgvardia raided a Wildberries (Russia’s largest online retailer) warehouse in Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast looking for migrants who had recently acquired Russian citizenship. [42] Russian law enforcement reportedly took about 135 detained migrants with Russian citizenship and transferred them to military registration and enlistment offices. [43] An unspecified Russian law enforcement official told Russian news outlet Interfax that Russian law enforcement conducted the raid as part of “Operation Migrant,” which aims to ensure that all naturalized citizens are registered for military service and issue them military summonses. [44] A Russian source claimed that Russian law enforcement also conducted a raid near the Wildberries warehouse on November 23, fined 16 migrants for violating migration protocols, and deported three. [45] The Wildberries press service stated this mass detention of migrants interrupted company’s shipments and put billions of dollars at risk. [46]

The Kremlin is reportedly renewing attempts to control all video surveillance systems in Russia, likely as part of ongoing efforts to intensify its tools of digital authoritarianism to increase domestic repressions. The Russian Ministry of Digital Development proposed an initiative to create a unified platform for storing and processing footage from all video surveillance systems in Russia, which would reportedly cost 12 billion rubles (about $134 million). [47] Kommersant reported that there are about 1.2 million surveillance cameras in Russia, about half of which are currently accessible to the Russian government. [48] The Russian Ministry of Digital Development reportedly plans to increase the number of surveillance cameras across Russia to five million by 2030 and integrate all of them with facial and image recognition software. [49] Kommersant also noted that the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations attempted a similar initiative in 2020 to 2022 as part of the Hardware and Software Complex “Safe City” project aimed at standardizing and installing surveillance systems with artificial intelligence software in Russian regions but faced criticism from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and Russian Ministry of Economy. [50]

Key Takeaways:

  • Ukrainian officials reported that Russian forces began a renewed offensive effort towards Avdiivka on November 22, although likely with weaker mechanized capabilities than in the previous offensive waves that occurred in October.
  • High-ranking Russian officials may be engaged in a wider scheme of forcibly adopting deported Ukrainian children.
  • Ukraine’s Western allies declared their commitment to further develop Ukrainian air defense capabilities during the 17th Ramstein Group virtual meeting on November 22.
  • Russian President Vladimir Putin attended the Collective Security Treaty Organization’s (CSTO) Collective Security Council session in Minsk, Belarus on November 23 against the background of Armenia’s continued absence from recent CSTO events and exercises.
  • Chinese businesses, including a prominent state-owned Chinese construction firm, are reportedly working with Russian businessmen to plan the construction of an underwater tunnel that would connect Russia with occupied Crimea.
  • European states are responding to Russia's continued orchestration of an artificially created migrant crisis on its northwestern borders.
  • The Russian Strelkov (Igor Girkin) Movement (RDS) called prior Russian regional elections and the upcoming Russian presidential election illegitimate, likely in an effort to establish Girkin’s inevitable presidential election loss as a long-standing grievance.
  • Russian law enforcement reportedly detained about 700 migrants at a warehouse in Moscow Oblast and issued some military summonses, likely as part of an ongoing effort to coerce migrants into Russian military service.
  • The Kremlin is reportedly renewing attempts to control all video surveillance systems in Russia, likely as part of ongoing efforts to intensify its tools of digital authoritarianism to increase domestic repressions.
  • Russian forces conducted ground attacks along the Svatove-Kreminna line, near Bakhmut, near Avdiivka, west and southwest of Donetsk City, in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area, and in western Zaporizhia Oblast and marginally advanced in some areas.
  • The Russian aviation industry is likely under significant constraints due to international sanctions and demands from the Russian defense industrial base (DIB).
  • The Russian occupation authorities continue efforts to indoctrinate Ukrainian children in occupied Ukraine into Russian national and cultural identities.

critical thinking questions criminal justice

We do not report in detail on Russian war crimes because these activities are well-covered in Western media and do not directly affect the military operations we are assessing and forecasting. We will continue to evaluate and report on the effects of these criminal activities on the Ukrainian military and the Ukrainian population and specifically on combat in Ukrainian urban areas. We utterly condemn Russian violations of the laws of armed conflict and the Geneva Conventions and crimes against humanity even though we do not describe them in these reports.

  • Russian Main Effort – Eastern Ukraine (comprised of two subordinate main efforts)
  • Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Capture the remainder of Luhansk Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast and encircle northern Donetsk Oblast
  • Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Capture the entirety of Donetsk Oblast
  • Russian Supporting Effort – Southern Axis
  • Russian Mobilization and Force Generation Efforts
  • Russian Technological Adaptations
  • Activities in Russian-occupied areas

Russian Information Operations and Narratives

Russian Main Effort – Eastern Ukraine

Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Luhansk Oblast (Russian objective: Capture the remainder of Luhansk Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast and northern Donetsk Oblast)

Russian forces continued offensive operations along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line on November 23 and 24 but did not make any confirmed advances. The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces unsuccessfully attacked in the Kupyansk direction northeast of Petropavlivka (7km east of Kupyansk) and near Synkivka (8km northeast of Kupyansk), Ivanivka (20km southeast of Kupyansk), and Stelmakhivka (25km northwest of Svatove) but did not conduct any offensive operations in the Lyman direction. [51] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Russian forces marginally advanced east of Petropavlivka. [52] A prominent Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces conducted unsuccessful offensive operations from Orlyanka (22km east of Kupyansk) and near Petropavlivka. [53] Another Russian milblogger claimed on November 24 that Russian forces are having widespread issues with electronic warfare (EW) systems along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line, causing unnecessary casualties due to otherwise preventable drone strikes. [54] Ukrainian military observer Kostyantyn Mashovets stated on November 23 that Russian forces transferred an unspecified battalion of the Russian 380th Motorized Rifle Regiment (47th Tank Division, 1st Guards Tank Army, Western Military District) from Kursk Oblast to positions near Raihorodka (12km west of Svatove). [55] Chechen Republic Head Ramzan Kadyrov claimed that the “Amura” detachment of Chechen “Akhmat” Spetsnaz are operating in the Serebryanske forest area (10km southwest of Kreminna). [56]

Ukrainian forces continued offensive operations along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line on November 23 and 24 and reportedly advanced on an unspecified date. The Ukrainian State Border Guards published footage on November 24 showing Ukrainian forces advancing and capturing Russian positions in an unspecified area of the Svatove direction on an unspecified date. [57] The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) claimed on November 23 and 24 that Russian forces repelled Ukrainian attacks near Vilshana (15km northeast of Kupyansk) and Hryhorivka (10km south of Kreminna). [58] Russian milbloggers claimed that Ukrainian forces counterattacked along the Kupyansk-Svatove-Kreminna line and that fighting continues near Torske (15km west of Kreminna) and the Serebryanske forest area. [59]

critical thinking questions criminal justice

Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Donetsk Oblast (Russian objective: Capture the entirety of Donetsk Oblast, the claimed territory of Russia’s proxies in Donbas)

The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) claimed that Ukrainian forces unsuccessfully attacked in the Bakhmut area near Klishchiivka (7km southwest of Bakhmut) on November 23. [60]

Russian forces conducted offensive operations near Bakhmut on November 23 and 24 and made confirmed advances. Geolocated footage published on November 22 and 23 indicates that Russian forces advanced north of Klishchiivka. [61] Russian sources claimed that Russian forces advanced near Bohdanivka (6km northwest of Bakhmut), the Berkhivka reservoir (about 2km northwest of Bakhmut), Klishchiivka, and the railway near Andriivka (10km southwest of Bakhmut). [62] The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces unsuccessfully attacked near Bohdanivka, Ivanivske (6km west of Bakhmut), Klishchiivka, and Andriivka. [63] Russian milbloggers claimed that fighting continued near the railway north of Klishchiivka and the heights west of the settlement, which a Russian source claimed that Ukrainian forces continued to control as of November 23. [64] One Russian source claimed on November 23 that Klishchiivka is a contested “gray zone.” [65] Ukrainian military sources stated on November 23 and 24 that Russian forces in the Bakhmut direction are focusing on small tactical gains, probing the frontline, and conducting drone strikes at night. [66] A Ukrainian sergeant operating in the Bakhmut direction characterized fighting in his sector of the front on November 24 as "static, trench warfare." [67] The Russian MoD reported that elements of the Russian 106th Airborne (VDV) Division are operating in the Bakhmut direction. [68] Russian sources claimed that elements of the 58th Separate Spetsnaz Battalion (1st Donetsk People’s Republic [DNR] Corps) are also operating in the Bakhmut direction. [69]

Russian sources claimed that Ukrainian forces conducted offensive operations northwest of Horlivka (20km south of Bakhmut) but did not make any claimed or confirmed advances on November 23 or 24. A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Ukrainian forces unsuccessfully attacked near Mayorske (6km northwest of Horlivka). [70] Another Russian milblogger claimed on November 24 that there are meeting engagements near the waste heap northwest of Horlivka. [71]

A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Ukrainian forces unsuccessfully counterattacked near Avdiivka southwest and west of Krasnohorivka (5km northeast of Avdiivka). [72]

Russian forces conducted offensive operations near Avdiivka but did not make any confirmed gains on November 23 and 24. Russian sources claimed that Russian forces advanced south of the Avdiivka Coke Plant northwest of Avdiivka; near the railways north and northwest of Krasnohorivka; in and near the industrial zone southeast of Avdiivka; near Novobakhmutivka (12km northwest of Avdiivka), Novokalynove (13km northeast of Avdiivka), Stepove (3km northwest of Avdiivka), Sieverne (6km west of Avdiivka), and Tonenke (5km west of Avdiivka); and in the direction of Keramik (14km northwest of Avdiivka), Berdychi (5km northwest of Avdiivka), and the “Tsarska Okhota” restaurant south of Avdiivka. [73] Russian sources also claimed that Russian forces attacked northwest of Avdiivka near Novobakhmutivka, Novokalynove, Stepove, Krasnohorivka, and the coke plant; south and southwest of Avdiivka near Pervomaiske (10km southwest of Avdiivka), Vodyane (7km southwest of Avdiivka), and Optyne (4km south of Avdiivka); and southeast of Avdiivka near the industrial zone. [74] Russian milbloggers claimed on November 23 that Russian forces conducted reconnaissance-in-force near Stepove, Vodyane, and Sieverne. [75] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Russian forces advanced 150-200 meters in the direction of Novokalynove and Ocheretyne (15km northwest of Avdiivka), but ISW has not observed visual evidence of this claim. [76] A Russian source claimed on November 22 that Russian forces control 80 percent of the industrial zone southeast of Avdiivka, and later claimed on November 24 that Russian forces control 95 percent of the area. [77] Another Russian source claimed on November 24 that Russian forces control the entire industrial zone but acknowledged that this claim is based on unconfirmed preliminary information. [78] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Russian forces are pushing Ukrainian forces out of Stepove but that Ukrainian forces still control a part of the settlement. [79] The Ukrainian General Staff reported on November 23 and 24 that Russian forces unsuccessfully attacked east of Novokalynove and Novobakhmutivka; north of Lastochkyne (5km west of Avdiivka); and near Stepove, Pervomaiske, Sieverne, Avdiivka. [80] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 24 that Russian helicopters have to fly at very low altitudes to avoid Ukrainian air defense systems near Avdiivka. [81] Ukrainian Avdiivka Military Administration Head Vitaliy Barabash stated that Russian forces are struggling to use a large amount of military equipment due to weather conditions. [82]

Ukrainian forces did not conduct any claimed or confirmed offensive operations west and southwest of Donetsk City on November 23 and 24.

Russian forces conducted offensive operations west and southwest of Donetsk City but did not make any claimed or confirmed advances on November 23 and 24. The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces unsuccessfully attacked near Marinka (on the western outskirts of Donetsk City) and Novomykhailivka (10km southwest of Donetsk City). [83] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Russian forces conducted offensive operations in Marinka but did not specify an outcome. [84]

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Russian Supporting Effort – Southern Axis (Russian objective: Maintain frontline positions and secure rear areas against Ukrainian strikes)

Russian sources continued offensive operations in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area on November 23 and 24 but did not make any claimed or confirmed advances. The Ukrainian General Staff reported unsuccessful Russian assaults near and southwest of Staromayorske (10km south of Velyka Novosilka) on November 23 and 24. [85] The Russian Vostok Battalion, which is operating in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area, claimed on November 24 that Russian forces currently have an advantage in terms of fire power in this direction. [86] Russian sources additionally claimed that Russian forces attacked near Staromayorske and Urozhaine (10km south of Velyka Novosilka) on the evening of November 22 and throughout November 23, and northwest of Staromayorske on November 24. [87] Geolocated footage posted on November 23 shows elements of the 336th Naval Infantry Brigade (Baltic Fleet) operating a Lancet drone against Ukrainian positions near Vesele (33km southwest of Velyka Novosilka). [88]

Russian sources claimed that Ukrainian forces conducted limited and unsuccessful counterattacks in the Donetsk-Zaporizhia Oblast border area on November 23 and 24. The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) reported on November 23 and 24 that Ukrainian forces unsuccessfully attacked near Pryyutne (15km southwest of Velyka Novosilka) and elsewhere in the overall southern Donetsk Oblast direction. [89] A Russian milblogger claimed on November 23 that Ukrainian forces are trying to activate north of Pryytune and north of Novomayorske (18km southeast of Velyka Novosilka) but emphasized that Ukrainian forces are largely on the defensive on this sector of the front. [90]

Russian forces continued offensive operations in western Zaporizhia Oblast on November 23 and 24 and made confirmed advances. Geolocated footage published on November 24 shows that Russian forces have marginally advanced southwest of Novopokrovka, about 9km northeast of Robotyne. [91] A Russian airborne (VDV) affiliated milblogger claimed on November 24 that elements of the 7th VDV Division, including the 108th Air Assault Regiment, recaptured positions north of Verbove (10km east of Robotyne and 5km south of Novopokrovka), which generally coincides with confirmation of Russian advances in the area southwest of Novopokrovka. [92] The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces unsuccessfully attempted to improve their positions near Robotyne on November 23 and conducted unsuccessful assaults near Robotyne, Novopokrovka, and west of Verbove on November 24. [93]

Ukrainian forces continued counteroffensive operations in western Zaporizhia Oblast on November 23 and 24 and made confirmed advances. Geolocated footage published on November 22 shows that Ukrainian forces have recaptured the westernmost trench in a series of three trenches that lie about 1km southwest of Robotyne, and other geolocated footage published on November 23 shows that Ukrainian forces have also made advances further west of the westernmost trench. [94] Additional geolocated footage posted on November 22 and 23 indicates that Ukrainian forces have marginally advanced near the T0408 Orikhiv-Tokmak highway north of Novoprokopivka (just south of Robotyne), between the outskirts of the aforementioned trench system and the northern outskirts of Novoprokopivka. [95] Russian milbloggers widely claimed on November 23 and 24 that Ukrainian forces launched a renewed attack on Russian positions along the Robotyne-Verbove line with up to 100 personnel, five armored vehicles, and one Western-provided tank. [96] The Russian MoD claimed that Russian forces repelled Ukrainian attacks near Robotyne and Verbove on November 24, and the Ukrainian General Staff reported that Ukrainian forces continued offensive operations in the Melitopol (western Zaporizhia Oblast) direction on November 23 and 24. [97]

Ukrainian forces continued combat operations on the (east) left bank of the Dnipro River on November 23 and 24, and both Ukrainian and Russian forces have made confirmed gains in Krynky (30km northeast of Kherson City and 2km from the Dnipro River). Russian milbloggers claimed that Ukrainian forces intensified attacks on the forest area near Krynky on November 23, and then claimed on November 24 that elements of the Russian 810th Naval Infantry Brigade (Black Sea Fleet) and 144th Motorized Rifle Brigade (of the 40th Army Corps of the newly formed 18th Combined Arms Army) counterattacked and knocked Ukrainian forces out of positions in the forest areas near Krynky. [98] Geolocated footage published on November 23 confirms that both Russian and Ukrainian forces have advanced within Krynky, suggesting that intense fighting is ongoing in the settlement and positions are frequently changing hands. [99] Russian sources claimed that elements of the 188th and 144th brigades are facing extremely poor conditions and a lack of resources while trying to defend the Krynky area. [100] Ukrainian military officials confirmed that Ukrainian forces maintain positions on the east bank of Kherson Oblast. [101]

Russian sources claimed that Ukrainian forces launched a large-scale drone strike against occupied Crimea on the night of November 23 to 24. A prominent Russian milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces launched a total of 13 drones in three waves from Kherson Oblast towards railway and military infrastructure in occupied Crimea. [102] Kherson Oblast occupation head Vladimir Saldo claimed that this was one of the largest Ukrainian air attacks on occupied Crimea since the beginning of the war. [103] The Russian MoD claimed that Russian air defense shot down all 13 drones over Crimea, and that Black Sea Fleet naval aviation also hit 12 unmanned aerial boats traveling towards Crimea. [104]

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Russian Mobilization and Force Generation Efforts (Russian objective: Expand combat power without conducting general mobilization)

The Russian aviation industry is likely facing significant constraints due to international sanctions and demands from the Russian defense industrial base (DIB). The Ukrainian Main Military Intelligence Directorate (GUR) reported on November 23 that it obtained many documents from the Russian Federal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviatsiya) detailing widespread issues within the Russian aviation industry. [105] The GUR reported that the documents show that there were 185 civil aviation accidents and 150 cases of technical malfunctions in the first nine months of 2023. [106] The GUR reported that the Russian aviation industry is transferring large portions of aircraft maintenance assets to Iran, where repairs occur without certification, due to a lack of repair capacity and specialists in Russia. [107] Russian aviation enterprises are reportedly increasingly using existing planes for component for new production. [108] The Russian United Aircraft Corporation announced on November 22 that it transferred a new batch of Su-34 frontline bombers manufactured at the Novosibirsk Aviation Plant to the Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD). [109] Widespread constraints on the civil aviation industry are likely also impacting defense aviation enterprises in Russia, but Russian officials are likely prioritizing military aviation production over the maintenance and production of civil aircraft.

Russian courts have reportedly considered over 4,000 criminal cases against Russian personnel for the unauthorized abandonment of their units since the start of partial mobilization. Russian opposition outlet Mediazona reported on November 24 that Russian courts considered 4,121 criminal cases for the unauthorized abandonment of a military unit and ruled in 3,740 cases as of November 21. [110] Mediazona reported that Russian courts have delivered sentences to roughly 100 Russian personnel a week on average since June 2023. [111]

Russian personnel from Russian federal subjects (regions) in Siberia and the Far East continue to represent a disproportionate number of Russian casualties in Ukraine. The BBC reported on November 24 that confirmed Russian military deaths per 10,000 males aged 16 to 61 in federal subjects of Russia show that the highest proportions of death happen in Siberian and Far Eastern regions. [112] The five highest proportions of military deaths occurred in the Tuva Republic (48.6 deaths), Republic of Buryatia (36.7 deaths), Nenets Autonomous Okrug (30 deaths), Altai Republic (26.5 deaths), and Transbaikal Krai (26.2 deaths). [113] St. Petersburg and Moscow have the lowest proportion of confirmed deaths with 2.5 and 1 per 10,000, respectively. [114]

Russian authorities continue to prevent the relatives of mobilized personnel from holding rallies calling for the demobilization of their relatives. Russian independent investigative outlet Verstka reported on November 23 that Russian authorities denied five applications for rallies by relatives of mobilized personnel in Moscow, Chelyabinsk, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, and Krasnoyarsk. [115] Russian opposition outlet SOTA reported that Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin denied an appeal to his office’s decision to refuse permits for a rally in support of demobilization by citing COVID-19 public health restrictions. [116] Russian opposition outlet Mobilization News reported that officials in Novosibirsk Oblast accepted demands from relatives of mobilized personnel that would cap mobilization periods at a year with rotations no less than every three months. [117] ISW cannot confirm that any Russian officials have accepted conditions from relatives to set forth terms for mobilization.

Russian Technological Adaptations (Russian objective: Introduce technological innovations to optimize systems for use in Ukraine)

Russian state-owned defense conglomerate Rostec debuted its new “Chistyulya” portable anti-drone system on November 24. [118] The device reportedly weighs eight kilograms (about 18 pounds) and can suppress drones within a one-kilometer radius. [119] Russian opposition outlet Vazhnye Istorii ( iStories) reported that Chinese online retail service AliExpress sells a similar product with almost the same specifications. [120]

Activities in Russian-occupied areas (Russian objective: Consolidate administrative control of annexed areas; forcibly integrate Ukrainian citizens into Russian sociocultural, economic, military, and governance systems)

The Russian occupation authorities continue efforts to indoctrinate Ukrainian children into Russian national and cultural identities. The Ukrainian Resistance Center reported on November 23 that the Kremlin instructed occupation authorities to ensure that 70 percent of Ukrainian students in occupied areas participate in educational exchange programs in Russia. [121] The Ukrainian Resistance Center reported that Russian occupation schools have started efforts aimed at indoctrinating as early as first grade. [122] The Luhansk People’s Republic (LNR) Militia claimed on November 24 that 248 children from occupied Luhansk Oblast returned from a trip to Moscow City that the Kremlin-funded pseudo-volunteer “Movement of the First” youth organization planned. [123] Donetsk People’s Republic (DNR) Head Denis Pushilin claimed on November 23 that over 60 students from occupied Donetsk Oblast are currently studying at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), an institute of higher education subordinate to the Russian Foreign Ministry. [124] Ukrainian Mariupol City Advisor Petro Andryushchenko published footage on November 23 showing Russian military personnel teaching children from occupied Zaporizhia Oblast basic military skills at an event in occupied Sevastopol, Crimea. [125]

Nothing significant to report.

Significant activity in Belarus (Russian efforts to increase its military presence in Belarus and further integrate Belarus into Russian-favorable frameworks and Wagner Group activity in Belarus)

Belarusian military leadership reportedly hopes to increase the combat capabilities of Belarusian forces by equipping them with new drones and armored personnel carriers. Ukrainian military observer Kostyantyn Mashovets stated on November 24 that Belarus’ military leadership will equip Belarusian artillery brigades with Russian-produced “Supercam” S350 drones in early 2024. [126] Mashovets stated that Belarusian artillery brigades are currently equipped with quadcopter drones that do not provide adequate fire control and adjustment and that the Russian-produced drones have an increased range. Mashovets added that Belarusian forces are also testing the Belarusian-produced Volat V2 armored personnel carrier at the 227th Combined Arms Training Ground in Borisov, Belarus.

Note: ISW does not receive any classified material from any source, uses only publicly available information, and draws extensively on Russian, Ukrainian, and Western reporting and social media as well as commercially available satellite imagery and other geospatial data as the basis for these reports. References to all sources used are provided in the endnotes of each update.

[1] https://t.me/otarnavskiy/354 ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/rosijski-okupanty-chotyry-razy-namagalysya-vidnovyty-vtracheni-ranishe-pozycziyi-u-rajoni-robotynogo-oleksandr-shtupun/

[2] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-november-22-2023 ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/rosijski-okupanty-chotyry-razy-namagalysya-vidnovyty-vtracheni-ranishe-pozycziyi-u-rajoni-robotynogo-oleksandr-shtupun/

[3] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[4] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12516 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497 ; https://t.me/TRO_DPR/13280 ; https://t.me/dntskmedia/210 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4947 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69780 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/multi_XAM/976 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104620 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641 ; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/TRO_DPR/13280 ; https://t.me/dntskmedia/210 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587

[5] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/vozhak_Z/535 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12537

[6] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/rosijski-okupanty-chotyry-razy-namagalysya-vidnovyty-vtracheni-ranishe-pozycziyi-u-rajoni-robotynogo-oleksandr-shtupun/

[7] https://isw.pub/UkrWar101223 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar102123

[8] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-november-1-2023-0

[9] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67488646 ; https://storage.googleapis.com/istories/stories/2023/11/23/mironov-i-deti/index.html?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=mainpage ; https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3404 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42804 ; https://t.me/sotaproject/69754 https://www.severreal.org/a/vazhnye-istorii-deputat-mironov-usynovil-pohischennogo-iz-ukrainy-rebenka/32696503.html?nocache=1; https://t.me/severrealii/21443

[10] https://storage dot googleapis.com/istories/stories/2023/11/23/mironov-i-deti/index.html?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=mainpage ; https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3404 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42804 ; https://t.me/sotaproject/69754 https://www.severreal.org/a/vazhnye-istorii-deputat-mironov-usynovil-pohischennogo-iz-ukrainy-rebenka/32696503.html?nocache=1; https://t.me/severrealii/21443

[11] https://storage dot googleapis.com/istories/stories/2023/11/23/mironov-i-deti/index.html?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=mainpage ; https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3404 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42804 ; https://t.me/sotaproject/69754 https://www.severreal.org/a/vazhnye-istorii-deputat-mironov-usynovil-pohischennogo-iz-ukrainy-rebenka/32696503.html?nocache=1; https://t.me/severrealii/21443

[12] y. https://storage dot googleapis.com/istories/stories/2023/11/23/mironov-i-deti/index.html?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=mainpage ; https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3404 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42804 ; https://t.me/sotaproject/69754 https://www.severreal.org/a/vazhnye-istorii-deputat-mironov-usynovil-pohischennogo-iz-ukrainy-rebenka/32696503.html?nocache=1; https://t.me/severrealii/21443

[13] https://twitter.com/mironov_ru/status/1727649749107405152

[14] https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-november-26; https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67488646

[15] https://isw.pub/RusCampaignAugust23 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar102622 ; https://isw.pub/UkrWar111222

[16] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/22/ukrayinskyj-povitryanyj-shhyt-staye-sylnishym-za-pidsumkamy-ramshtajnu-stvoreno-koalicziyu-ppo-prezydent/ ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/22/uspih-nashogo-maksymalnogo-yednannya/ ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/22/rustem-umyerov-rozpoviv-pro-osnovni-rezultaty-17-yi-zustrichi-kontaktnoyi-grupy-z-pytan-oborony-ukrayiny/

[17] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/volodymyr-zelenskyj-posylennya-ppo-cze-najkrashha-strategichna-investycziya-v-bezpeku/

[18] https://t.me/SJTF_Odes/3015 ; https://t.me/spravdi/34838 ; https://t.me/rustem_umerov_mo/324?single

[19] http://kremlin dot ru/events/president/news/72800

[20] https://t.me/rybar/54424 ; https://www.rbc dot ru/politics/22/11/2023/655de2d29a794726821e31cf

[21] https://t.me/belarusian_silovik/26084 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29527 ; https://t.me/youlistenedmayak/29551 ; https://meduza dot io/news/2023/11/23/v-minske-proshel-sammit-odkb-na-kotorom-ne-bylo-armenii-v-kremle-skazali-chto-sozhaleyut-ob-etom ; https://tass dot ru/politika/19364435

[22] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-october-11-2023

[23] https://t.me/youlistenedmayak/29551 ; https://meduza dot io/news/2023/11/23/v-minske-proshel-sammit-odkb-na-kotorom-ne-bylo-armenii-v-kremle-skazali-chto-sozhaleyut-ob-etom ; https://tass dot ru/politika/19364435

[24] https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-october-13-2023

[25] https://tass dot ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/19362479 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69802

[26] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/ ;https://archive.ph/14Cs9

[27] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/

[28] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/ ; https://www1.hkexnews dot hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2008/0229/01186_295219/c118.pdf

[29] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/

[30] https://t.me/Aksenov82/3558 ; https://t.me/rbc_news/84650 ; https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/24/russia-crimea-tunnel-china/

[31] https://yle dot fi/a/74-20061648 ; https://yle dot fi/a/74-20061790

[32] https://www.tv2 dot no/nyheter/innenriks/store-apner-for-a-stenge-grensen-til-russland/16241924/

[33] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/23/finland-russia-border-frontex-guards/56d1535e-8a01-11ee-a36e-fdb7be9bd43d_story.html ; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/23/estonia-accuses-russia-weaponising-immigration-europe-borders?fbclid=IwAR2ihstSYs9G-XLxNOdGQJqEYksIMSgZDFsG-AHyXjlb41IlMDBsiJDXV9k

[34] https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/estonia-accuses-russia-helping-migrants-its-border-2023-11-22/

[35] https://www.hs dot fi/politiikka/art-2000010015707.html

[36] https://mid dot ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/1916562/

[37] https://isw.pub/UkrWar112023

[38] https://t.me/RDS_Official_channel/323

[39] https://t.me/RDS_Official_channel/323

[40] https://t.me/RDS_Official_channel/323

[41] https://t.me/readovkanews/69861 ; https://meduza dot io/news/2023/11/24/politsiya-ustroila-reyd-na-sklade-wildberries-v-podmoskovie-rabotayuschim-tam-migrantam-vydali-povestki-v-voenkomat

[42] https://t.me/bazabazon/23176

[43] https://t.me/bazabazon/23176 ; https://t.me/bazabazon/23168

[44] https://www.interfax dot ru/russia/933030

[45] https://t.me/breakingmash/49613

[46] https://www.interfax dot ru/russia/933030

[47] https://www.kommersant dot ru/doc/6352767

[48] https://www.kommersant dot ru/doc/6352767

[49] https://www.kommersant dot ru/doc/6352767

[50] https://www.kommersant dot ru/doc/6352767

[51] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel

[52] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312

[53] https://t.me/wargonzo/16616

[54] https://t.me/notes_veterans/13679

[55] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1422

[56] https://t.me/RKadyrov_95/4189

[57] https://t.me/luhanskaVTSA/15319 ; https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=885352229454340

[58] https://t.me/mod_russia/32771 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32783 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32771 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32782 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32796 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32798

[59] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12527

[60] https://t.me/mod_russia/32771 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32784

[61] https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727431258094096727 ; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727431261483065354 ; https://t.me/supernova_plus/25983 ; https://t.me/WarArchive_ua/7747

[62] https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4969

[63] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ;

https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[64] https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587

[65] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312

[66] https://suspilne dot media/624211-vijskovi-rf-vikoristovuut-nicni-droni-kamikadze-situacia-na-doneckomu-napramku/ ; https://suspilne dot media/624057-rosijski-okupanti-pocinaut-gnati-pihotu-na-oboh-flangah-bahmuta-nacalnik-stabu-artilerii-4-brigadi-ngu-rubiz/

[67] https://suspilne dot media/624211-vijskovi-rf-vikoristovuut-nicni-droni-kamikadze-situacia-na-doneckomu-napramku/

[68] https://t.me/mod_russia/32799

[69] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57079 ; https://t.me/nm_dnr/11303 ; https://t.me/prigozhin_2023_tg/4981 ; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57125

[70] https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497

[71] https://t.me/wargonzo/16641

[72] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312

[73] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12516 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497 ; https://t.me/TRO_DPR/13280 ; https://t.me/dntskmedia/210 ; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4947 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69780 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/multi_XAM/976 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104620 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641

[74] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16616 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/TRO_DPR/13280 ; https://t.me/dntskmedia/210 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828 ; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641 ; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12525 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12527 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12537 ; https://t.me/rybar/54467 ; https://t.me/vozhak_Z/535 ; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104620

[75] https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12516 ; https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52313

[76] https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57059

[77] https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12483 ; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12537

[78] https://t.me/vozhak_Z/535

[79] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4947

[80] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[81] https://t.me/wargonzo/16652

[82] https://www.unian dot ua/war/viyna-v-ukrajini-ochilnik-avdijivskoji-mva-rozkriv-osoblivosti-tretoji-hvili-ataki-voroga-na-misto-12465069.html ; https://uazmi dot org/news/post/deb6e23cc6342579fa47d4729e851ee9

[83] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl

[84] https://t.me/wargonzo/16616

[85] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[86] https://t.me/batalyon_vostok/262 ; https://t.me/RVvoenkor/57117

[87] https://t.me/readovkanews/69780; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828; https://t.me/wargonzo/16641

[88] https://t.me/voin_dv/6052

[89] https://t.me/mod_russia/32769 ; https://t.me/mod_russia/32804

[90] https://t.me/voenkorKotenok/52312

[91] https://t.me/WarArchive_ua/7773

[92] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4965; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4970

[93] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel

[94] https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727442323532058769 ; https://t.me/BOBRMORF/379; https://t.me/BOBRMORF/384 ; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727659572016623866

[95] https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727660505400062155 ; https://t.me/BOBRMORF/385 ; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727660507891384702; https://t.me/BOBRMORF/378 ; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727435788709954013

[96] https://t.me/vrogov/12990; https://t.me/dva_majors/29520; https://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12497; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4937; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4943; https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/4945 ; https://t.me/readovkanews/69780; https://t.me/readovkanews/69828; https://t.me/rusich_army/11904

[97] https://t.me/mod_russia/32805; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel

[98] https://t.me/rybar/54430; https://t.me/dva_majors/29577; https://t.me/rybar/54455; https://t.me/dva_majors/29587 h ttps://t.me/negumanitarnaya_pomosch_Z/12527; https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russia%E2%80%99s-military-restructuring-and-expansion-hindered-ukraine-war

[99] https://t.me/Dnepro_Rub/1557 ; https://twitter.com/foosint/status/1727919802918830457 ; https://twitter.com/foosint/status/1727919806471348351; https://twitter.com/flyingskullua/status/1727722394880500193 ; https://twitter.com/moklasen/status/1727984954976403787

[100] https://t.me/rodinarussia27/2194 ; https://t.me/rodinarussia27/2197

[101] https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0MHnF4AQYCC2nz5uW938Jqb5qHz5JPkpFFcNheF18XitGjGokyivVK6CwbR2oJDoql ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid036KfemUabt3tVEWTuzfj71tf7YaGmettXEm38GtPbKMso8JZHp1aHuJGami4idFGBl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02UsEwzUZUXEQULN9fTAVhknm4tGxSkhz2C4zf6iLHWYLb9CafuecqoVGZpVEVqQxel; https://t.me/SJTF_Odes/3008 ; https://t.me/SJTF_Odes/3009 ; https://www.facebook.com/OperationalCommandSouth/posts/pfbid0qzuZF1DBCpNHK4SiGpLBkyWUEt8TdFWHxsgERVcdJB69xHyQeyrRmVv6i9N45Tzbl?__cft__[0]=AZX_yXRg0PhWdAMRDcLNdsdvwUHV3xvYw3A7ULkA2T8O8RCjUtVLfFssQtGb6gryywgbko0aEBZK-LrcgQt0KRZyfHCerftsXjDEFkiuBNXppyoUAgXcQ-CMtpMu0DRW0jaO1UdTbcM6td2bQM5GRdhrFQ5C3k65K1klczfSOGgr0hez9UKYtoW7OWrQ6hhWxag&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid02HKTPFWmgq4q16wKZqESYyddMm3qt1WU54yvkf9kzoyGVz8jz669txEWhP3n91nSXl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0P7Ai2W5xERok38bmoa7dJTk5pv2SzeLd2sjcLfaX5K7yQhSL5fGYXA33jDgUJUxUl ; https://www.facebook.com/GeneralStaff.ua/posts/pfbid0gjV3tuoLYDrq26W7GsQoE1dbywHwfJJ2k67QF7dS8kwL7JkmSodrALAjjm1cLTAPl

[102] https://t.me/rybar/54448

[103] https://t.me/SALDO_VGA/1466

[104] https://t.me/mod_russia/32805; https://t.me/mod_russia/32794

[105] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/voyenna-rozvidka-ukrayiny-pid-chas-kiberspeczoperacziyi-otrymala-dostup-do-zakrytyh-dokumentiv-rosaviacziyi/ ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://gur dot gov.ua/content/voienna-rozvidka-ukrainy-zdiisnyla-kiberspetsoperatsiiu-shchodo-rosaviatsii-sanktsii-pryskoriuiut-aviakolaps-rf.html ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3126

[106] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/voyenna-rozvidka-ukrayiny-pid-chas-kiberspeczoperacziyi-otrymala-dostup-do-zakrytyh-dokumentiv-rosaviacziyi/ ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://gur dot gov.ua/content/voienna-rozvidka-ukrainy-zdiisnyla-kiberspetsoperatsiiu-shchodo-rosaviatsii-sanktsii-pryskoriuiut-aviakolaps-rf.html ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3126

[107] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/voyenna-rozvidka-ukrayiny-pid-chas-kiberspeczoperacziyi-otrymala-dostup-do-zakrytyh-dokumentiv-rosaviacziyi/ ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://gur dot gov.ua/content/voienna-rozvidka-ukrainy-zdiisnyla-kiberspetsoperatsiiu-shchodo-rosaviatsii-sanktsii-pryskoriuiut-aviakolaps-rf.html ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3126

[108] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2023/11/23/voyenna-rozvidka-ukrayiny-pid-chas-kiberspeczoperacziyi-otrymala-dostup-do-zakrytyh-dokumentiv-rosaviacziyi/ ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://gur dot gov.ua/content/voienna-rozvidka-ukrainy-zdiisnyla-kiberspetsoperatsiiu-shchodo-rosaviatsii-sanktsii-pryskoriuiut-aviakolaps-rf.html ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3122 ; https://t.me/DIUkraine/3126

[109] https://t.me/s/uac_ru; https://ria dot ru/20231122/vks-1910966961.html; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104499; https://t.me/boris_rozhin/104496

[110] https://zona dot media/news/2023/11/24/4k ; https://t.me/severrealii/21462 ; https://t.me/bbcrussian/56851 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42893

[111] https://zona dot media/news/2023/11/24/4k ; https://t.me/severrealii/21462 ; https://t.me/bbcrussian/56851 ; https://t.me/astrapress/42893

[112] https://t.me/bbcrussian/56814

[113] https://t.me/bbcrussian/56814

[114] https://t.me/bbcrussian/56814

[115] https://t.me/svobodnieslova/3405

[116] https://t.me/sotaproject/69739

[117] https://t.me/mobilizationnews/16548 ; https://t.me/mobilizationnews/16554

[118] https://rostec dot ru/news/rostekh-vpervye-pokazal-nosimyy-antidronnyy-kompleks-chistyulya/

[119] https://rostec dot ru/news/rostekh-vpervye-pokazal-nosimyy-antidronnyy-kompleks-chistyulya/

[120] https://t.me/istories_media/4275

[121] https://sprotyv dot mod.gov.ua/rosiyany-pragnut-zbilshyty-kilkist-ukrayinskyh-ditej-zaluchenyh-do-program-promyvky-mizkiv/

[122] https://sprotyv dot mod.gov.ua/rosiyany-pragnut-zbilshyty-kilkist-ukrayinskyh-ditej-zaluchenyh-do-program-promyvky-mizkiv/

[123] https://t.me/sons_fatherland/11253

[124] https://t.me/pushilindenis/4030 ; https://www.mid dot ru/ru/about/educational/

[125] https://t.me/andriyshTime/15388

[126] https://t.me/zvizdecmanhustu/1425

Reading List

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IMAGES

  1. 07.07 Review Questions and Critical Thinking

    critical thinking questions criminal justice

  2. UNIT 3 CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

    critical thinking questions criminal justice

  3. What is critical thinking, and why is it essential to the criminal

    critical thinking questions criminal justice

  4. Criminal Justice

    critical thinking questions criminal justice

  5. Unit 7 Critical thinking questions 1 .pdf

    critical thinking questions criminal justice

  6. Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice by Deanna Groves

    critical thinking questions criminal justice

COMMENTS

  1. Perspective: Need for Critical Thinking in Police Training

    By promoting critical thinking, rather than rote direction-following, throughout officers' careers, leaders can empower them to make and explain unbiased decisions. Critical thinking is an integral part of law enforcement decision-making. All departments should weave it into their cultures, from the academy to the field.

  2. Real-life examples of critical thinking on police calls

    1. You're dispatched to a suicidal female who is on the phone with a crisis counselor. The female said she is alone in her apartment and has a gun. Do you call SWAT? Do you evacuate other apartments? Do you yell for the female to come outside? Do you enter the apartment? Do you leave, which is a concept proposed in some jurisdictions?

  3. Critical Thinking

    Students who demonstrate critical thinking skills are able to: Make decisions that are ethical. Provide valid evidence for why their decisions are sound and evaluate information to arrive at defensible conclusions. Be open minded and flexible about changes to their decisions. Differentiate between fact and opinion.

  4. Strategies for Teaching a Criminal Justice Course

    In this issue, you'll hear from trusted criminal justice experts and instructors on how to engage students in open dialogue and critical thinking, as well as why it's important to use accessible, yet challenging content in your course. You'll also access free activities to try in your Introduction to Criminal Justice course —all designed to ...

  5. Unit 7 text questions

    Which criminal justice model do you feel is most important—the crime control model or the due process model? Why? I believe the due process model is more important because if people are convicted wrongly, then that defeats the purpose of punishing convicted criminals.

  6. 5: Criminological Theory

    After reading this section, students will be able to: Distinguish between classical, biological, psychological, and sociological explanations of criminal behavior. Understand the links between crime control policy and theories of criminal behavior. Demonstrate effective application of criminological theories to behavior.

  7. 3 Strategies for Engaging Criminal Justice Students in Critical Thinking

    3 Strategies for Engaging Criminal Justice Students in Critical Thinking. This webinar, led by Professor Aaron Fichtelberg, focuses on developing a classroom where students are open to critical approaches to criminal justice. Many students begin their studies of criminal justice with commonly held "good guy/bad guy" narratives regarding the ...

  8. 12.10: Critical Thinking Questions

    Does their status depend upon the crime they commit? Consider these issues as you formulate an educated opinion about this issue and recommend a viable solution. Feedback: In Texas, 17-year-olds who commit a crime are considered adults and enter the adult criminal justice system.

  9. Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice

    CJS/225 Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice Course level: Undergraduate Online Format $1,194 Estimated Tuition 3 credits Total credits 45 weeks Course length Add to Cart Start when you're ready Choose an upcoming start date: Enroll by 10 AM Central: Jan 05, 2024

  10. Criminology Unit 1 Critical Thinking Questions

    1 Durkheim argues that deviance is beneficial to society in a number of ways, such as showing us where the boundaries of acceptable behavior are and that it can bring a group together. Do you agree or disagree with his argument that deviance can be beneficial? Why? I agree with his argument that deviance is beneficial to society.

  11. Introduction: Critical Criminology for the 21st Century

    This sheds light on the features of criminal justice systems that systematically under-criminalise the powerful, despite the perpetrated harms, and over-criminalise the vulnerable, even if they are just trying to survive and exercise basic human rights (Vegh Weis 2017). The consequences of these selective dynamics are dreadful and encompass the ...

  12. Cjs225 v5 wk1 elements critical thinking

    what you have learned about various aspects of critical thinking. each question with at least 45 to 90 words. Provide a statement of fact and opinion related to an aspect of criminal justice. Support your statements with at least one source. Wrongful Convictions Aren't Rare.

  13. 500+ Criminal Justice Research Topics

    Criminal justice is a complex and critical field that encompasses various aspects of crime prevention, law enforcement, legal proceedings, and punishment. Research plays a crucial role in understanding and addressing the challenges and opportunities in this field.

  14. 13 Important Questions About Criminal Justice We Can't Answer

    Analysis 13 Important Questions About Criminal Justice We Can't Answer And the government can't either. By Tom Meagher A few weeks ago, the White House trumpeted the progress of its Police Data Initiative.

  15. Empowering Future Leaders In Criminal Justice

    Comprehensive Curriculum: Preparing Tomorrow's Leaders. At the core of CWC's Criminal Justice program is a curriculum that takes a close look at the entire legal system. "We have a very in-depth and balanced curriculum that focuses both on the law enforcement side of criminal justice as well as the court and legal side," adds Tilton.

  16. Critical Thinking and Justice (A.A.)

    The Department of Academic Literacy and Linguistics (ALL) offers an Associate in Arts (AA) degree in Critical Thinking and Justice. This program fosters critical literacy and critical thinking as applied to studies in justice, history, and philosophy, among others. This field will help you gain an understanding of the relationship between the ...

  17. Unit 6 Critical Thinking Questions Flashcards

    I believe that parole can be a positive element in the criminal justice system if the criminal has actually changed. It can have positive effects like a criminal going back into society as a new person who will help others. It can also have a negative effect if that person who is on parole decides to go back to a world of crime.

  18. MFA Your Way: Three Paths To CJIS Compliance

    To help agencies strike the best balance between security and convenience, here are three possible CJIS-compliant paths that fit into most law enforcement workflows. 1. Smart Cards - Many of the ...

  19. Unit 2 critical thinking questions

    Do you think that weather affects crime? Why or why not? Explain some of the ways that scholars think weather and/or the time of day may affect criminal behavior? Yes, I think weather affects crime in many different ways, including from a neurological standpoint. Weather affects social factors such as how many people are outside.

  20. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

    Da sage nochmal jemand etwas gegen das deutsche Vereinswesen. Der Verein „In die Wohnzimmer e.V." und die „Schutzbauten Stuttgart e.V." tun sich spontan zusammen - und heraus kommt: ein Indie-Gig vom feinsten mit den ganz frischen und ordentlich durchstartenden Moscow Metro aus Limerick. Und zwar am 27.05. um 20:00 Uhr im Tiefbunker Feuerbach, einer Location mit wunderbar schaudriger ...

  21. 2: Defining and Measuring Crime and Criminal Justice

    Without crime, there is no need for the criminal justice system. We must have a clear and accurate understanding of crime in order to create effective policies to combat it or help minimize it. This section will teach students how to obtain accurate measures of crime so that they can be an informed citizen. ... Critical Thinking Questions. What ...

  22. Takeaways from special counsel's report into Biden's handling of

    Special counsel Robert Hur's report released Thursday did not charge President Joe Biden with a crime, but it painted a picture of a forgetful commander in chief who failed to properly protect ...

  23. Victor Mukhin

    Catalysis Conference is a networking event covering all topics in catalysis, chemistry, chemical engineering and technology during October 19-21, 2017 in Las Vegas, USA. Well noted as well attended meeting among all other annual catalysis conferences 2018, chemical engineering conferences 2018 and chemistry webinars.

  24. Alen Lemajic

    * Criminal Trial * Criminal Justice Ethics * Senior Seminar. Cum laude. 1994 - 1997. Activities and Societies: Tennis team Pertinent courses included: * Intro to Philosophy and Critical Thinking * Ethics * Philosophy of Human Person * Economics and Social Justice * Logic * Greek Experience * Major Figure: Heidegger * Medieval Synthesis

  25. Unit 3 critical thinking questions

    Unit 3 critical thinking questions criminology the theories and perspectives in this unit focus on the environmental and social influence of crime. do you think. Skip to document. ... Criminal Justice - CTE. Assignments. 100% (5) 1. C - UNIT 8 LAB - Criminology UNIT 8 LAB. Criminal Justice - CTE. Assignments. 100% (4) 2.

  26. Dateline Philippines

    Stay up to date with the biggest stories of the day with ANC's 'Dateline Philippines' (9 February 2024)

  27. Sophia Critical Thinking unit 3 milestone 3

    1 15 / 18! that's 83% RETAKE " 15 questions were answered correctly. 3 questions were answered incorrectly. Which of the following categorical sentences is

  28. Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, November 24, 2023

    Russian opposition outlet Mediazona reported on November 24 that Russian courts considered 4,121 criminal cases for the unauthorized abandonment of a military unit and ruled in 3,740 cases as of November 21. Mediazona reported that Russian courts have delivered sentences to roughly 100 Russian personnel a week on average since June 2023.