opinion essay connectors pdf

Opinion English Connectors List

Opinion connectors are words or phrases that are used to connect clauses or sentences that express opinions. They can be used to show agreement, disagreement, concession, or a range of other relationships between opinions.

The Significance of Opinion Connectors

Opinion connectors serve a multitude of essential functions in writing and communication:

• Clarity : They make your opinions and arguments more explicit and easy to understand for your audience.
• Coherence : They enhance the logical flow of your discourse, ensuring that your ideas are connected seamlessly.
• Engagement : By using opinion connectors, you can captivate your audience and make your writing or speech more relatable and persuasive.

Some common opinion connectors include:

• Agreement:  I agree, I think so too, I concur, I also think that
• Disagreement:  I disagree, I don’t think so, I’m not sure, I have a different opinion
• Concession:  I agree with you, but…, I see your point, but…
• Qualification:  I think that…, in my opinion, as far as I’m concerned
• Emphasis:  I strongly believe that…, I’m convinced that…, I’m sure that…
• Refutation:  That’s not true, I don’t think that’s right, I don’t believe that
• Summarization:  In conclusion, to sum up, in short

These are just a few examples of opinion connectors. There are many other opinion connectors that can be used in English.

Opinion Connectors

Expressing Agreement:

• Agreeing : “I completely agree that…”
• Likewise : “Likewise, I think that…”
• In the same way : “In the same way, I feel that…”
• Similarly : “Similarly, I share the opinion that…”

Expressing Partial Agreement:

• Partially : “I’m partially in favor of this idea, but…”
• To some extent : “To some extent, I agree, but there are exceptions.”
• In a way : “In a way, I see your point, but…”

Expressing Disagreement:

• Disagreeing : “I respectfully disagree that…”
• On the contrary : “On the contrary, I believe that…”
• However : “However, I have a different perspective on this issue.”

Expressing Certainty:

• Certainly : “Certainly, I’m convinced that…”
• Without a doubt : “Without a doubt, this is the best solution.”
• Undoubtedly : “Undoubtedly, this theory is well-founded.”

Expressing Possibility:

• Possibly : “Possibly, there’s room for improvement.”
• Maybe : “Maybe, there’s some truth to that.”
• It’s possible that : “It’s possible that more research is needed.”

Expressing Uncertainty:

• Perhaps : “Perhaps, there are multiple factors to consider.”
• It’s unclear : “It’s unclear whether…”
• It seems that : “It seems that there’s room for interpretation.”

Expressing Personal Opinion:

• In my opinion : “In my opinion, this is the best choice.”
• I believe that : “I believe that we should…”
• To me : “To me, it’s evident that…”

The best way to learn how to use opinion connectors effectively is to practice using them in your own writing. Pay attention to the way that opinion connectors are used in the writing that you read, and try to imitate the way that they are used.

Here are some tips for using opinion connectors effectively:

• Use opinion connectors sparingly. You don’t want to overuse them, or your writing will become repetitive.
• Choose the right opinion connector for the relationship you are trying to show. For example, if you are agreeing with someone, you would use an opinion connector of agreement. If you are disagreeing with someone, you would use an opinion connector of disagreement.
• Place the opinion connector in the right place in the sentence. The opinion connector should usually come between the two clauses or sentences that it is connecting.

By following these tips, you can use opinion connectors to improve your writing.

Here are 50 example sentences using opinion connectors to express various points of view:

• I completely agree that climate change is a pressing issue.
• Likewise, I think that investing in renewable energy is crucial.
• In the same way, I feel that education should be accessible to all.
• Similarly, I share the opinion that healthcare reform is necessary.
• I’m partially in favor of this proposal, but we need to address the cost.
• To some extent, I agree, but there are exceptions in certain cases.
• In a way, I see your point, but we should consider alternative solutions.
• I respectfully disagree that technology is the root of all problems.
• On the contrary, I believe that technology has improved our lives.
• However, I have a different perspective on this controversial topic.
• Certainly, I’m convinced that education is the key to empowerment.
• Without a doubt, this research study is well-conducted.
• Undoubtedly, this is the most effective approach to solving the issue.
• Possibly, there’s room for improvement in our current system.
• Maybe, there’s some truth to the idea that change is inevitable.
• It’s possible that more research is needed to confirm these findings.
• Perhaps, there are multiple factors contributing to this phenomenon.
• It’s unclear whether the proposed solution will yield positive results.
• It seems that there’s room for interpretation in this complex situation.
• In my opinion, this book is a masterpiece of literature.
• I believe that we should prioritize environmental conservation.
• To me, it’s evident that teamwork is essential for success.

Expressing Preference:

• Personally, I prefer sunny weather over rainy days.
• I’d rather go hiking than spend the day indoors.
• I have a preference for classical music over pop songs.

Expressing Doubt:

• I’m not entirely convinced that the current policy is effective.
• I have my doubts about the feasibility of this ambitious project.
• It’s hard to believe that this statistic is accurate.

Expressing Agreement and Contradiction:

• While I agree with some aspects of the proposal, I can’t ignore its flaws.
• Although I see your point, I still think we should consider other options.
• Even though I share your concerns, I believe there’s room for compromise.

Expressing Intention:

• In my view, our intention should be to foster inclusivity.
• Our primary goal should be to provide equal opportunities for all.
• The objective is to create a supportive environment for learning.

Expressing Disapproval:

• I strongly disapprove of the way this issue has been handled.
• I’m against the idea of cutting funding for social programs.
• I have a negative view of this policy due to its adverse effects.

Expressing Sympathy:

• I sympathize with those who have faced adversity in their lives.
• My heart goes out to the victims of this tragic event.
• I feel for the individuals affected by these challenging circumstances.

Expressing Agreement with Reservations:

• While I agree with the general premise, I have some reservations about the details.
• I support the initiative, but I’m concerned about its long-term impact.
• I’m in favor of the plan, but we need to address potential challenges.

Expressing Optimism:

• I’m optimistic about the future of renewable energy technologies.
• I have a positive outlook on the potential for global cooperation.
• I’m hopeful that our efforts will lead to positive change.

Expressing Pessimism:

• I’m pessimistic about the economic outlook for the coming years.
• I have a bleak view of the current political situation.
• I’m concerned that the environmental crisis is worsening.

Expressing Regret:

• I deeply regret not taking action sooner to address this issue.

I hope this helps!

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An opinion essay.

Look at the essay and do the exercises to improve your writing skills.

Instructions

Do the preparation exercise first. Then do the other exercises.

Preparation

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Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2

The linking words list below is essential for IELTS writing task 2 for high score. The examiner needs to see a range of linking words in your essay to award you a high score for the criterion of Coherence and Cohesion which is 25% of your marks. You will be checked on your range, accuracy and your flexibility of linking words in IELTS writing task 2. These connecting words are suitable for all types of essay writing as well as GT IELTS writing task 2

Download PDF:  Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2

This is often used to either put your paragraphs in order or used inside the paragraph to list your supporting points.

• lastly /last but not least / finally

Adding Information

You will need to support your main points in your IELTS essay. These linkers inform the reader that extra information is about to be presented.

• in addition
• additionally
• furthermore
• not only … but also

Giving Examples

It is often useful to give examples to support your ideas in IELTS writing task 2. Make sure you use this range of linking words to do so.

• for example
• one clear example is
• for instance
• to illustrate
• in other words

To learn how to put examples in sentences for essay writing, please follow this link: How to Add Examples to Essays .

Results and Consequences

These linking devices can be used for solution essays or any essay when you need to explain the consequences of something.

• as a result
• consequently
• for this reason

Highlighting and Stressing

It is important to be clear about what you mean in your essay. These linking words help you stress particular points.

• particularly
• in particular
• specifically

Concessions and Contrasts

You often need to give opposite ideas, particularly for discussion essays so the linking words below will help you show the reader when you want to introduce an opposite point. Also you might want to give exceptions to a rule for a concession.

• nevertheless
• even though
• in spite of
• on the other hand
• by contrast
• in comparison
• alternatively
• another option could be

Reasons and Causes

These connecting words will help you explain reasons and causes for something which is very common in IELTS writing task 2, especially for cause / solution essays.

Giving your Opinion

• in my opinion
• I concur / agree
• I disagree / I cannot accept

Don’t make a mistake with the way you express your opinion. Watch this video for useful tips on giving your opinion and how to avoid mistakes: IELTS: Presenting your Opinion

Concluding Linkers

• in conclusion
• to conclude

To get more tips and advice on linking words to start your IELTS conclusion, please watch this video lesson: IELTS Conclusion Linkers

Practice with Linking Words

Improve your use of linking words by fill in the gaps below with linking words from the above list.

• There are a number of drawbacks to people using Facebook as a way of communicating (1)………………… it is (2)…………….. one of the most common social networking platforms for both individuals and businesses.
• (3)……………………….. the lack of exercise taken by average people, obesity and other weight related problems are on the rise.
• Unemployment and poverty, (4) ………….. in urban areas, is often deemed to be the cause of rising crime rate.
• (5) ……….. the rise in urban crime, more and more people continue to move to cities looking for a better life.
• More children are becoming obese and (6)…………….. schools should be encouraged to provide more sports lessons and outdoor activities.

Click below to reveal the answers:

• Due to / Owing to ( you can’t have “because of” because it is at the beginning of a sentence)
• particularly / especially / specifically
• therefore / so / for this reason

IELTS Speaking Linking Words

Linking words for IELTS speaking . Both word list and tips.

Recommended

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• All Writing task 2 Model Answers, Tips and Videos

Main IELTS Pages Develop your IELTS skills with tips, model answers, lessons, free videos and more. IELTS Listening IELTS Reading IELTS Writing Task 1 IELTS Writing Task 2 IELTS Speaking Vocabulary for IELTS IELTS Test Information (FAQ) Home Page: IELTS Liz

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Hi Ms. Liz. Thank you for your lessons 🙂

You’re welcome 🙂

Thank you very much for your lessons..you deserve to ” The most effective IELTS teacher award ” Thanks once again

It is a misfortune that IELTS mandates the use of linking words for high scores. Especially at the beginning of sentences, linking words quickly tire the reader being pushed around.

If linking words tire the reader, they are not being used properly. You are being tested on using them flexibly in a way that supports the reader.

mam I would like to share a small problem which I facing almost last 10 days in IELTS classes. I’m not good in writing even I don’t know what to write or what to add .and what to think . could you tell me how can I improve .I will looking for your generous response

You can find model essays and tips on the main writing task 2 page of this website for free: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/ . But for some people, they need more training. My advanced lessons take you step by step through each paragraph and explain the content of each type of essay. You can find these lessons in my online store: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/ . You can also find an Ideas for Essay Topics E-book, which contains ideas and vocabulary for topics. You memorise the ideas and adapt them to your essay topic. There’s also a Grammar E-book with many examples of sentence structures to help you. Hopefully all these will help you be clearer about how to tackle an IELTS essay and what to write.

Hi Liz, Can you allocate me some of the pre-ready templates which can be used as a topic statement in starting of the paragraph.

I do not provide them because they are the worst thing to do for your IELTS essay. IELTS does not accept memorised language and the higher band scores are all about flexibility, not templates. Writing task 1 is more formulaic than task 2 because task 1 is a report and most reports are pretty standard. But writing task 2 is all about creating unique sentences connected directly to the topic. This website is about learning and preparing for IELTS the right way.

very clear explanation Liz, Thanks !

Could i use the word “To recapitulate” in position of “To Conclude”? However l really impressed a lot to see your tremendous efforts for students. THANK YOU SOO MUCH MAM. may God bless you. Love from india 🇮🇳

Yes, you can use it but it won’t increase your score.

Teacher Liz, this is just a general question. Will points be deducted if literary words/phrases are used in IELTS Writing (or Speaking). Is literary factor considered informal? Thank you very much! Looking forward to hearing from your

I’m not exactly sure what you mean as you’ve provided no examples. However, to help understand: The writing test is formal. So, this means all informal language will cause you to lose marks. The only exception is the informal letter in GT writing task 1. The speaking test is informal and you can use all types of language and be as casual as you want in chatting to the examiner. But language should be used naturally, not poetically or in an overemphasized manner. You should talk as though you were talking to a friend.

I love you mam your are such a great teacher i appreciate your work 👍

Hey liz, I wanted to ask that for conclusion using “all in all” and “to wrap it up” are correct to use or not ?

They are informal and Writing Task 2 is formal.

Hi, Liz! You said in one of your videos that “to sum up” is rather informal for IELTS writing task 2. Why is it in the concluding linkers list then? Can I use it or not?

It is an option but some examiners think it is too informal. There are no rules in IELTS which have word lists that lower your score. It is examiner interpretation. I do not teach this linking word for a conclusion, but other teachers do. This is why it is in the list. My recommendations are recommendations, not rules.

Hi Liz, all your videos are very helpful to have a quick look on the respective modules. Thank you so much for sharing them.

You’re welcome.

Thanks for response

Hello Liz 👋, is it true that reading books or newspapers will improve our writing skills. If yes, what books or newspapers can you suggest to read.

They will certainly help you develop your writing, but they won’t help you develop your writing for IELTS.

I wonder if I am allowed to use specialized words in writing task 2 (as long as they are related to the task rubrics and the usage and the collocation is contextually appropriate). For instance, if the topic of the essay is “imprisonment”, am I allowed to use words like “criminals set free might resort to recidivism”? what happens if the examiner doesn’t know that term? I already know that IELTS guidelines demand that the underlying assumption in the writing exam be the candidate is writing for an academic “non-specialist” reader. Is this fact in contradiction with using technical terms?

With regards, Reza

It is not a case of being allowed or not allowed. It is about how you use language. If you are pushing high level words into your essay for effect, the language in the essay will become unnatural and will be marked down. So, never aim to impress. However, your example is completely fine. The word “recidivism” is an appropriate word to use for that sentence. Certainly not many candidates will know this word, but it is 100% accurate and appropriate. So, my advice is to use language naturally with the right intent and appropriacy based on your level of English. The examiner will not be specialised in law or other fields – bear that in mind. Your aim here is to hit band score 8 or 9, not to showcase specialised vocabulary. This is a basic English language test, not a test of legal language for example. Pay attention to the context of the essay – it isn’t an essay for a university degree in law. You don’t need to use specialised language to achieve your aim in IELTS. I would not recommend using such specialised language that a layperson would not understand. That isn’t an IELTS rule, it is just logical – use such language as is appropriate for the audience and the context.

Many thanks for the exhaustive response. You’re simply the best in the field, bar none!

I wonder if it is appropriate to use some linking words like ‘Moreover, Furthermore, Further’ to start a new paragraph? or they should be used to link ideas in between the sentence?

Thank you, Micaela

There are no rules about this. Linking is about being logical. I personally use these linking words for within the paragraph to add more information. When starting a new body paragraph I tend to use something more flexible, such as “Another point to consider is ..” – basically indicating the start of a brand new point rather than additional information to an existing point.

Can we use listing linkers (firstly, secondly etc) for inside the paragraphs? Or is it better to use linkers for organising paragraphs?

I believe we should use the additonal information linkers to support our main idea or present extended ideas.

Any thoughts?

Best using them within paragraphs. To each paragraph, try: Firstly, Another point, Finally. But to be honest, you can’t learn formulas like this for task 2. It all depends what your ideas are as to what linking words to use. You need to learn flexibility if you want a high score. Yes, you should use a good range of linking words in your essay.

Hlo madam , tomorrow will be my ILETS exam

Hi Liz, Do we need to use comm a after these linking word . If yes then in what circumstances. For instance if we use these linking words at the start of sentence what will the case. Also what will be case if we use these linking words in middle of sentence ?

This is an aspect of grammar that you need to study in depth. In a few weeks, I’ll be releasing a Grammar E-book. It will explain all of that and much much more.

Can I use ‘For one’ instead of ‘Firstly’? Can I continue using ‘Secondly’ and ‘Finally’ with ‘For one’ or it’s not correct usage?

“For one”, is informal and not suitable for IELTS essays. Be flexible with your use of linking devices but stick with formal ones.

Hi Liz, Thanks for the article. Is it safe to use comma (,) after every linking word?

Thanks Sirdhar

It depends which linking word and how the sentence is constructed.

”Poor sanitary conditions lead to wide range of bacterial and viral diseases as well as become a dangerous spot for the growth of dengue leading to dengue fever which is fatal.In order to avoid such consequences, my endeavour would be to construct underground pipes which prove to be effective giving a sensation of cleanliness.” Ma’am this is my answer to a direct question,” If you could change your hometown to make it a better place what changes would you make? ” Plz tell me the mistakes in structure or anything.

That question usually comes from speaking part 1. In part 1, they are relatively short answers – not deep discussions. The examiner would interrupt this answer. Just be direct and then add a bit more for part 1: “I’d change the sanitary conditions because … ” – then add one of two more sentences. Be chatty, not formal. You really need to start paying attention to what each part of the speaking test is like. There’s no point developing answers that aren’t appropriate to the section of the test. Your answer would be possible in part 3.

being a teacher, I feel that you the best.

Hello Liz. I just wanted to confirm that can I start the arguments in general by saying, “On the other hand, it is argued by some that …”. Can I use this to introduce people’s opinion? Please reply ASAP, I have my IELTS test in 2 days.

“On the other hand” is used to introduce an opposing view. “it is argued by some that” is used to express other people’s views.

Hi, Liz! I love your website! I have a question, though. Would it be helpful if I used paragraph links instead of standard transitional devices? Say, instead of starting a paragraph with a word such as “Secondly” or “On the other hand”, I could use either a word-link or idea-link. I don’t want my writing to look so mechanical. Will it affect my score if I try making my transitions “smoother”?

It is not necessary to start a paragraph with a linking word. You are right. It needs to be less mechanical. You can actually start your body paragraph with any word you want. Just make sure it is coherent and cohesive.

Hello Liz, are the following phrases ok? 1- tethered to this idea is its conjugate (in discussion essays where i am mentioning opposing views) ex: on the other hand, tethered to the previous idea is its conjugate. where some people believe that …… 2- a few bad apples spoil the batch (is it informal?) 3- X issue is not black and white.

Do not use descriptive language in a formal IELTS essay.

Hey! Lizz what about your ebook is it going to be published soon or not?

I just want to say how much I appreciate your hard work and love for putting these lessons together!

I am also so happy that you have offered us 50 discount! I am so happy! <3 Thank you very much!

Hello liz…. I have a confusion some of the Ielts trainers say that ‘Firstly’ isn’t exist in English language means it’s not a word…. We can’t use it…. I want to ask to you is this true???

I need to get a good dictionary (English – English). You shouldn’t be preparing for an English language test without one: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/firstly

Hi.. I just want to ask that is it necessary to use linkers in writing as firsty, secondly, etc. while writing reasons or advantages. And on the other hand etc for starting new paragraph in opinion essay

The choice of linking words is not fixed. You use them flexibly, not in an automated way. There are many linking words you can use and also different methods of linking.

Hye Liz…your way of teaching is so clear..When I attend your lessons through videos, I feel your devotion to your work and really seems that you want to do your best for our best…may Allah bless you more and more.

I’m really pleased that my lessons are useful 🙂

Hello Liz pls can you discover an e book for the students which contains ideas, linking words and ….

I will be releasing an Ideas for IELTS Essay Topics E-book this month or early next month. I am also writing a Grammar for IELTS Writing Task 2 E-book which will be ready at the end of the year.

Your lessons are wonderful. Thanks.

Hello Liz, Have you released ideas book for IELTS writing Task-2 or not yet? Regards

Yes, you can find it here: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/

I am really worried for Reading section it’s too much difficult to handle within short time. kindly let me know appropriate techniques as I have very short time, please.

Regards Khan

Click on “Reading” on the RED BAR at the top of the website – you will find the main page with tips, lessons etc to help you.

I need to say Liz, I have so much fun reading your answers, you are the best sincere person I have ever known. Continue like this please! Pietra

Thanks 🙂 Funny 🙂

Thank Liz for your help my question is that I want to know if I there is any number of times for the linking words to appear in my easy Wishing you successfull ending love your lecture

Linking words should not be repeated. You are being marked on your ability to use a range. However, words such as “and” or “but” are naturally going to be used a few times. Words such as “for example” can be paraphrased as “such as” or “namely” or “for instance”.

What it is meant by ‘the linking words shouldn’t be mechanical’?

This means to use them like a machine. For example, always putting them at the start of a sentence or starting every sentence with a linking word. Be flexible.

To use some less common linking words, Could you advise whether its appropriate to write ‘on the whole’ rather than ‘in conclusion’?

Also, in some model answers written by examiners in official ielts books, they start their last paragraph with “in my opinion”, and they dont say anything like “to conclude”. Is this risky to do?

Linking words are linking words – they do not need to be less common. Do not confuse vocabulary with linking words – they are part of different marking criterion.

Hello Liz. I am learning a lot from your tips. Thank you! Can you please elaborate more the linking phrases ‘moreover’ and ‘furthermore’. Thank you!

I’m not sure what else I can say. They are used when you want to add information to an existing point.

In one of articles relating to capital letters (link below) you mentioned that you should never start with – “But/ Because/ And”. In essays which require us to share multiple contrasting views, sometimes we may start a sentence with “But”. What are your views on that ?

No writing task 2 essay should have a sentence that starts with “But/And/Because”. You can use “However” instead of But.

Hi Liz. Which is the best book to practice for IELTS. Please suggest. I have been struggling to find a suitable book.

The reason I wrote over 300 pages of free lessons and tips is because didn’t like the IELTS books on offer. Have you completed the 300 pages of free lessons?

I didn’t find 300 pages of free lessons.

Because you didn’t read the HOME PAGE properly. The HOME page explains that you access the main pages through the RED BAR at the top of the site. The main pages contain over 300 pages of tips, lessons etc. Did you use the RED BAR?

I am convinced that you are best tutor ,I have best wishes for you ,thank you so much from your excellent site

Thank you so much for the useful information!

I have a question about the linking phrase “on the other hand”. Is it possible to use it independently, without mentioning ”on the one hand’? Or would it be a mistake?

Thank you in advance!

Yes. You can use “On the other hand” without “on the one hand”.

Hi Liz In one comment you’ve mentioned that you’ll publish a book discussing required grammars for writing task-2. Has it been published? Thanks. Mostafa

No, it is being written at this moment. I don’t know how long it will take to finish, but it will be this year.

Thank You for the reply. Mostafa

Why is apparently not there in the above list? Is it frequently used word, hence ommited deliberately Liz?

It’s fine to use that word.

This lecture is helpful.your god gifted voice is sweat ,crystal and clear. I respect it.may your voice always reply to untold question of liseners who are similar to me.

HI LIZ, thank you for your helpful information i need to ask whether words like ( IT , AS , IF, SO , THE )are counted as words to reach 150 words in letter writing ?

All words are counted – small, big – all words.

Thanks a lot Kiz for doing this great job

btw, does linking-word need to be followed by a comma? (,)

Depends on the linking words and how it’s used.

You are really doing a wonderful job, what baffles me your ability to reply these long comments , you are really awesome. However, I want to ask you about linking words such as , firstly, secondly, thirdly. I read it somewhere that they are old fashioned, is that true???

It isn’t about being old fashioned at all. It’s about flexibility which is what the examiner is looking for. It’s fine to use them inside one paragraph to show support points. It isn’t flexible to use them at the start of each body paragraph – that is called being “mechanical”, which means using them like a machine – that is a characteristic of band 6 in Coherence and Cohesion.

Hi Liz , Somewhere in your topics you have mentioned that one should not use ” last but not the least” as a linking word

But here it is written under heading of linking words.. Kindly guide on this

The linking word is : last but not least – no “the”. Also it depends HOW it is used. It’s about using them effectively. It shouldn’t be used a conclusion linking words. See this page for all tips: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/

hi liz HOW TO ADD EXAMPLE IN AN ESSAYon this page is not opening. can you please share the link?

The link opened for me – it might be a problem with your internet Try it again: https://ieltsliz.com/how-to-put-examples-in-your-essay/

Honestly, you are the best tutor ever in this IELTS course, how I wish I knew you before, I could use only materials to help me pass well. My Test is after tomorrow and I have just landed your very impressing training work. Thanks a lot for sharing this wonderful knowledge with us. Am sure I will pass with a band 9.0 God bless you Liz

You can learn a lot in one day – focus on the areas you most wish to understand and improve. Good luck tomorrow! Keep your eye on the clock for reading and writing!

dear Liz I have met your page by yesterday,many thanks for such a great page,

Hi Liz, I hope, you are doing good. Actually, I appeared for ielts exam today but due to poor time management, I was not able to complete task 2 of writing. I wasted a lot of time on Task 1. I know, because of this, I would not be able to score 6 or more than that, as the task 2 holds more weightage. So, I have applied for the exam again. I have some concerns regarding writing section, I don’t know about the proper use of punctuation, especially commas. Also, sometime I write out of the context in essay writing. Please could you provide me some help with this. I would be really thankful.

The use of commas is simple. Just them to divide appropriate clauses. Punctuation is marked, but not at a high level. The main point is that commas are used in clauses, correctly and that full stops are used at the end of a sentence. Also that sentences are not too long. A very long sentence shows lack of punctuation because the person isn’t controlling the length of sentences. For ideas, it’s all about planning properly. See my advanced lessons: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/ . You also need to prepare ideas for topics – you do this by googling ideas on line.

Thank you so much for the response 🙂 So, is it okay, if we use short sentences instead of long? Using them won’t be a reason to deduct marks? And, what about the complex sentences? Would it be advisable to attempt task 2 first and then task 1, as it carries more weightage, because I always face the issue of time management but I am working on it.

A complex sentence does not need to be very long. It just needs to be a sentence which is not simple – this is a way the sentences are categorised for IELTS examiners, not for grammar books. Having short, simple sentences is not a good idea if you are aiming for a higher band score. You need to show control and a good range of sentence structures. I am currently writing an e-book which is a Grammar List for IELTS Writing Task 2 – I’ll post a notice when it’s finished and ready to buy.

I’ll keep these points in my mind. Yes, please let me know, whenever you have completed E-book. Thankyou Liz 🙂

Hello teacher! I have a query about other words that can be used, besides the word “overall”, for the overview part. Can I use ” as a whole” or “in general” instead of that? Are those words considered as formal writing in IELTS?

Please enlighten me! Also, thank you so much for giving out this linking words. 🙂

It is possible to use those words, but the word “Overall”is the most logical to use and the most appropriate.

Thank you so much for the reply! 🙂

Under the Adding Information section, I have a doubt on below sentence

These linkers inform the reader or read?

Thanks, Kishore

Thanks – a typo 🙂

You are the best teacher ever and I hope you are doing fine.

I wanted to ask you whether it is okay use “i.e.” in my IELTS writing exam ?

You are being assessed on your use of linking words, “ie” is not a word. Don’t use it. Use “for instance” or “for example” – the list is given on the page above.

I like your teaching.and I appreciate it.

Thank you soo much mam..That was really really helpful..

to conclude to sum up these are very short pharse i want write a long pharse for example Before putting my pen down i would like to deduce tha ….

This page is about linking words and signposting. It is fine to learn linking words which are part of coherence and cohesion. It is NOT good to memorise phrases for IELTS. See all tips on this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/

Hello Liz, How to use the linking phrase ” last but not least” ? Should it comes at the last body paragraph or the conclusion paragraph?

It indicates the final main point – it does not indicate a conclusion.

hello liz , I am not form any English specking country, i’m thinking that i’m good at specking.But my main problem is at spellings, how can i decline my spelling mistakes

See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/useful-websites-and-resources-for-ielts/

Hi,Liz How are you? Thank you for your suggestion,it’s so useful

Hi Liz, love your blog, would like to know if there is a direct link to all your pdf’s. It would be very helpful.

I don’t have my pdf files ready yet.

Hi Liz, Can we use “Because of that” in blank 6???

The word “because” can’t be put at the beginning of a sentence in formal essay writing for IELTS.

Thank you liz i wasn’t aware

Thank you, again and again…

Hi Liz, Can I conclude the essay by writing, ‘Hammering the last nail, I reckon that..’ or ‘I pen down by saying that..’?

No, you can’t. I am very confused. This whole page offers all the best linking words for a high score – even up to band 9. Use them, learn them. Stop trying to improve them. Do you want band 10? Just relax and start using appropriate language and linking words.

Thanks a lot mam!

Thanks a lot mam for your guidance. I have scored overall score of 8.50 with L-9.0, R-8.5, W-7.5 and S-8.5 as individual scores. I followed you religiously and I just can’t thank you enough! 🙂

Brilliant !! Very well done 🙂 Thanks for letting me know 🙂

I really appreciate the way you have described the small errors we all students keep on doing in daily essay writing. I have few questions in my mind, but without wasting your time I will put only one basic question that I am facing daily with the essay writing. If the topic of the essay mention ” to what extend do you agree”. So, in such essay do we have to write only paragraph in the notion of the topic. As my aim is to score band 7.5 and this confusion. IELTS have a feeling of schadenfreude when they see my low score in writing only.

I don’t understand your question. When you give your opinion, the whole essay will explain it. You will give an opinion based on the issue or issues given to you in the question.

hi mam I’m very bad in speaking part I have no Idea how to improve and how imagine more idea

See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-speaking-free-lessons-essential-tips/

Hello Liz, My handwriting is poor and somewhat clumsy …. To improve legibility may I write in alternate lines on ielts answer sheet… Do you recommend it?… In case, if i need extra sheet, do they provide?…

I don’t recommend doing as you are planning. It makes it difficult to identify paragraphs and can be confusing for the reader. Just try to keep your handwriting as clear as possible so that the examiner can read it. Practice, practice and do more practice. Yes, you can ask for extra paper. Usually you just put your hand up and then explain you need more paper. But I have heard from one student that they wasted precious minutes waiting for the extra paper.

Hi Liz, thank you for precious advices, in your opinion is the use of Latin expression, such as “e.g.” or “i.e” useful in writing tasks for the academic module?

Avoiding using them. Instead such linking words: for example, such as …

I was told overuse of linking words could lead scoring less.is that true?

Yes. There is a criterion for marking which states that if you overuse linking words or if you use them mechanically (this means without flexibility), your score will not go higher in that marking criterion. This related to Coherence and Cohesion which is 25% of your marks for writing task 2. See my advanced lessons if you need training: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/

What about an expression “all in all”?Can it be used in a conclusion paragraph?

I have known students use this. But I would stay with linking words most suitable for a conclusion = In conclusion

Thank you Liz for this useful lesson The answer is for instance , still , because , especially , consequently , therefore

Check the answers on the page above.

Thank you for your great lessons. It really helps a lot. I have a question about a linking word ‘and’. Would it be okay to start a sentence with ‘and’?

For example, this is mainly because of lack of physical activity and the poor quality of food. People are too busy. And in spite of economic growth, the quality of food has diminished.

Not in IELTS writing task 2. Never use “and, but, because” at the start of a sentence in writing task 2.

Thank you for your answer. I highly appreciate your great lessons and help.!

I am not clear why a sentence can not be started using “because”. Since we have mentioned both: subordinating clause and main clause, there should not be any issue to the examiner.

The words “because, and, but” should not be placed at the start of a sentence in formal writing. They come between clauses in formal writing.

Please guide me, how i can get good score in writing, Is it good to use idioms, Phrasal verbs in writing task 2

On this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/ you will find advice about idioms

Hi Liz Can I expree my opinion by using this sentence (in my own point of view) or it’s informal Thanks

No, it’s not right to use that. See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2-expressing-your-opinion/

Hello Liz I have question . If I use idioms or slangs to essay , could they help me to get higher score

They might help you get a lower score. See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/using-quotes-or-idioms-in-your-ielts-essay/

Hi Liz I have a problem with writing task, I can’t have enough time for task 2, I’m constantly thinking about what to write next. can you give me some suggestion? Thanks Abdullah

See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2-essay-planning-tips/

hi madam if we are confused or not sure about answer can we can we write both the answer by using // in the middle

Hi Liz Can we use the phrase “my personal sentiments” to give opinion in task 2 instead of I believe or I think

thanks alot

No. It is informal and not suitable for writing task 2. See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2-expressing-your-opinion/ and then check all writing task 2 tips: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/

Hi mam, Thanks for your kind initiatives for the IELTS students like us. It is really fortune for me to have an online teacher like you. Please keep continuing.

Hi mam.. What is the procedure? to send u ielts writing for checking …..

Plz plz tell me…

There is a teacher who can help you on this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-essay-correction/

HI! I’m one of your avid fan. I just want to say thank you. I recently got the score I needed for Writing after 2 takes. I used all your guidelines in making it coherent and scoring higher using your tips on having a balance essay for every kind of questions. I also did task2 first to make me more calm and relax in writing the ardous part. THANKS FOR EVERYTHING!

That’s really great news!! Well done!! Thanks for letting me know 🙂

thanks Liz ,was very efficiently significant

I had written my IELTS test twice before coming across your website. Both the times I scored 6.5 in Writing which scoring above 7 in all the other 3 sections. I needed 7 in writing and hence I enrolled for the third time. I came across your website 3 weeks before my test and went through all the study material in your web pages. I got my scores last week and was ecstatic to see that I managed 7 in my writing section.

I am thankful to you and your website for helping me achieve my goal. You are doing such a commendable work. Keep it up.

That’s really good news! I’m so pleased for you. It can be hard to hit that elusive band 7 in writing. Well done 🙂

Hi Liz, are you available to correct my essay? If not, could you suggest another teacher? Thanks.

You can find a teacher called Tony to help you on this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-essay-correction/

My God! You are doing a beautiful job. More I’m studying from your website more I’m impressed! I can’t explain how much I feel grateful. Thanks a lot.

Hi liz, Is the writing matters for writing task 1 and 2? If so then whether we need to write in cursive or just clear.. I mean is any writing method acceptable?

You just need clear writing. As long as the examiner can read it, you are fine. It doesn’t matter what style of handwriting you choose.

hi mam, Task 2 which you provided is for BC or IDP.Because i am taking idp exam,pls give me reply

The tests are the same in IDP and BC – they are both owners of IELTS.

Hi Liz thank you a lot for giving us all this informative lectures and publishes. But why different teachers give different IELTS writing rules. Example you teach us hooking in your introduction is not important, but other teachers demonstrate that it is very important. And if we add hook to our writing could it reduce our marks?

Some teachers have completed the IELTS examiner training and others have not.

Hi Liz, beautifully you have explained variety of expression, i am preparing for ielts and having many issues while putting pencil on paper to write answer for Writing task 2, would you please suggest how to get it done within stipulated time frame such as in month so that i can fulfill my dream to study abroad…..

Firstly try to develop as many ideas for writing task 2 topics as you can. You can do this by taking ideas from model essays and other sites online. See this page for common topics: https://ieltsliz.com/100-ielts-essay-questions/ . For techniques, see my advanced lessons: http://subscriptions.viddler.com/IELTSLizStore

First, I would like to say to you thank you for very nice lessons. I was wondering to ask if you correct essay task 2 ?

https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-essay-correction/

thank you very much.

hlo mam, i just wanted to say that you are the best teacher.

Hi mam i need your help how to write task 2 to get 8 band can you give 9band samples writing answer pls

You can find model answers on the main writing task 2 page of this blog.

hi liz, i will give my ielts test after three month please help me in all. modules plss

There are 300 free pages of help on this blog. If you need more help with writing task 2, see my advanced lessons: http://subscriptions.viddler.com/IELTSLizStore

Hope you are fine.

My name is Gagandeep. I have IELTS test on 16th July and I feel I am not able to structure my ideas in writing task 1 and task 2 both. Please let me know how can I bulid my ideas perfectly to get band 8.

Regards Gagandeep

At present, I can only suggest you get my advanced writing task 2 lessons: http://subscriptions.viddler.com/IELTSLizStore

Thank you so much for being replying to people i have recently got the IELTS date which is on 16th of jun its my second time i am giving ielts the first time i got 5 bands and i need at lest 6.5 so how can i improve my grammar and vocabulary i have just 20 days remaining..

please do reply me soon.

It is normally best to take the test when you repeatedly get the score you want in practice tests. To improve English in just 20 days is a challenge. I can only suggest you decide what your main grammar problems are and deal with them one at a time. For vocabulary, review common topics for speaking ad writing – you can find word lists on google.

this is my first query from you. please clarify.

how to use furthermore,morever,in addition in an essay please clarify.

Excessive use of computers has many detrimental effects on childrens health.Firstly, frequent joint pain and fatigue are most likely to be experienced by young individuals and these issue seems to be prevaile till the death.Morever(do we use morever here to introduce new idea such effect of exceissive computer usage and academic grades or do we have to discuss another health related issue)(moreover will be used to introduce new idea such as school performance or anyother health related issue?

thank you very much

Sorry I don’t comment on writing.

thanksssssssssssss

Thank you for all the tips on how to write a meaningful essay. However could you please help out on how to paraphrase the question as that part is posing a lot more difficulty for me at the moment.

https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-liz-news/

Thank you so much for the tips on how to write a meaningful essay. However could you please help out with how to paraphrase the question, which is posing as the most difficult part for me right now.

Hi liz i am going to take my test in 3days , i am not perfect at task2 i can”t able to know how many word are of mandetatory can i write more than 250 words , can you please give me any suggestion how to get good score in task2 any key words etc

You can find information and tips for writing task 2 on this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/ and you can find advanced training on this page: http://subscriptions.viddler.com/IELTSLizStore

thank you very much. I’m going to take IELTS on 16th April)

hey liz i am learn many things related to ielts but my writing skill is not development and is it important strength of the sentence suggest me about this

https://ieltsliz.com/liz-notice-2015-2016/

A.A mam my problem is vocabulary. Plz help me by giving tips and vocab words. I need 7 in ielts.

Hi Liz. My general english is good. I can cope up with more complex sentence structures too. But when it comes to writing task 2 , my brain just stops working. My main problem is I cant brainstorm on the topic. How can I improve my brainstorming for different topics. Thanks.

Hello Mam,can you assess my writing task if i mail it to you please? Further I do not have good command on spelling. how can i improve it within one month effectivly.

I can found some problems in writing task2 and i can not used rich vocabulary and some time i can’t get good points.so how can i improve???

Hi Liz, I know that native english speakers rarely use ” moreover”. Is it safe to use it in IELTS Essay?

Thank you for your useful lessons. I have a question that worries me lately. Would the assessor count repetitive words? For example if I used the word “students” 9 times in the whole essay? Or another example, if in writing task 1, I used countries’ names all the time (besides making it nationality: Britain = British).

Each word is counted. It is the same as using word count on a word document. Liz

Hi Liz Are the following answers appropriate for the respective questions? 1. because 2. obviously Thank you for the help Lahari

No, both answers can’t be used. Liz

Hi Liz, I appreciate your help on this question: can we use FIRST AND FOREMOST and LAST BUT NOT LEAST in Academic Writing? Thank you. Trang

Yes, but they are over used. Liz

Dear Liz, This question is not about the linking words, its about grammar. In the 2nd question, why you have not use ” ……. problems ARE on the rise.” instead of ” …… problems IS on the rise”?

Well spotted!

Hello liz thanks for your good websites. how can i submit my writing for checking? thanks in advance baazoft

Unfortunately, I don’t offer essay marking and I don’t have any teachers to recommend. All the best Liz

i wanna ask that sometimes like ….to…. like question are there in listening task what is the right way to answer this. it is 4to5 or it is4,5

Just “4 5”. You don’t need punctuation. Just make sure the numbers are easily read and separate. If you write “4 to 5” is would be marked wrong. Liz

Mam I weak in writing I Write only simple sentence then I lose band score…… What I use to get high score

You need to improve your English. This is a language test – make sure your English is good. Get a teacher and start learning from English language websites. Do this before you do IELTS.

can i say, “as a result” in place of “for this reason / therefore “

Yes, you can use that. Liz

We shouldn’t use these terms in the speaking part, should we? – The first thing i should mention is… – And i shouldn’t forget to mention – There’s a mixed variety of things but i guess the most popular one is… I think that i had better answer directly and spend time on expressing my ideas rather than using these phrases, but my teacher told me that i should use these to help organize my answer

You can use those phrases if they help you explain your ideas but they won’t necessarily give you a higher score. In part 1, you must answer quickly and directly so don’t use them. In part 3, you might use them to explain your ideas. The most important thing is to speak naturally. All the best Liz

Thank you for your help. 🙂

I just want to ask about the appropriate answers for a listening practice test 🙂 The questions are about ticket prices: $30 (1)…, or (2)… return According to what i heard, (1) is “one(-)way”. So is this written with or without a hyphen? For the second blank i heard “$45 in return” . so should i write down “$45 in” into the blank or just “$45” ? Thank you for your help.

One-way has a hyphen. For your second question, always look at the example they gave you. If the first one is “$30 one-way” then the second one must be “$45 return”. Always check the grammar. For note, form or table completion, grammar is rarely involved. All the best Liz

Thanks a lot. May all the best things come to you, teacher.

Can I answer questions 1 and 2 in a different way ? 1- .However, 2- still

It can’t be “However” because there is no full stop. Always check grammar. For the second question, “still” is possible. All the best Liz

Thank you so much.I really appreciate your reply.

Would my answer be correct if I used a full stop (.However, ) ?

I am asking because I could not see any grammatical difference in this sentence between using (even though ) or ( . However, ) .

That’s right. You need the full stop. Liz

Is not it possible to write the word this way: “…a way of communicating; however, it is…”?

You would need to write the full sentence for me to check. Liz

I meant the first sentence you gave to practice. You answered Ahmad that is not right to use “However” there, and decided to ask if it can be “1st sentence ;however, 2nd sentence”. Julia

Avoid using “;” in IELTS writing. Just use full stops or commas. Liz

You are great …God bless you.

Hi mam.i want to study with you online, if you have time please teach me.

At present the only lessons I offer are on my video course which I have only just started making. At present there is one lesson available for writing task 2 and tomorrow I hope to put my second lesson up: http://subscriptions.viddler.com/IELTSLizStore All the best Liz

Hello mam, Today while searching some helpful tips for ielts exam i went through your videos and i found it vry easy and helpful ways to improve our writing skills. Hope it will work during my exam too. Thank you mam for such a wonderful tips and guidance.

How i can improve my vocabulary please give me suggestion.my vocabulary is so poor.

Start reading. That is the surest way to develop vocabulary and understanding. Liz

Thank you so much

Thank you so much for your wonderful tips

Hello mam. I am Sandeep. Please help me. How i will get 6.5 band in writing task.

Take a look at the band scores to learn: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2-band-scores-5-to-8/ Liz

Dear Ms.Liz,

I have just received my Ielts result. Thanks to your help, I have got an overall band score of 7.5, 8.0 for the listening and reading test, 6.5 for the writing section and 7.0 for the speaking part. I am really delighted with this result because this is my first time ever studying on my own by using the materials on the Internet. Thank you so much for all of your lessons, I really appreciate what you have been doing and your dedication to teaching. May all the best thing come to you and your family.

Your Vietnamese student, Hanh Tran 😀

Hi Hanh Tran,

I’m really pleased to hear your result. 7.5 is a really good score, particular for your first try. In Vietnam the average is around band 6. So, band 7.5 puts you much higher than most students in your country. I hope you celebrated your result !

Good luck with your future plans 🙂 Liz

Thank you, teacher 😀

Hi liz I have my ielts exam on Thursday. I just wanna ask you that in writing task 2 general ielts training test ” in my opinion….” Should write in introduction or conclusion? I am little confused with that. And suggestions like “they should do that ……” That will come in conclusion or in body paragraphs? Where are they appropriate ? Looking forward for your reply thanks

You put your opinion in the introduction, if the instructions ask for your opinion or for you to answer a direct question. If the instructions don’t ask for your opinion, don’t give it. Please see my model essays to see how and where I put my opinion. There is also a separate lesson about giving your opinion on the writing task 2 page. Liz

Hi Liz, Is it advisable to use the listing words such as firstly, secondly, thirdly and finally at the last paragraph before the conclusion or I could use it also at my initial paragraph after the introduction? Thank you!

You use them as you want. They can order your paragraphs (although that is slightly mechanical) or you can use them to order supporting points in any paragraph you wish. Liz

Thank you for your response liz 🙂

Hello mam, i need your help how to complete reading task in one hour. There is some technic to do task as soon as possible because read full paragarh then find out ans. Is take so much time. Also how i improve my listening skills mam please help me.

Please read my tips about comprehension and strategy on the reading page. Thanks Liz

Hi Liz; I want to ask you about linking that are related to giving opinion. May I use them “I take the view that…” and “I subscribe to the theory that…” in writing Task 2 or just in Speaking.

Regards, Sherzod

Just be direct and don’t try to learn phrases – the examiner isn’t impressed by students who purposely learn phrases to boost their score and will not award points for it. You can use “In my opinion” or “I think” or “I agree” for task 2. You can also find a lesson on my task 2 page about how to give your opinion. For speaking, it is informal so you can use a range “I suppose”, ” I guess” or “I reckon” or “I think” etc. All the best Liz

Hi Liz, My ILETS exam was on the 4th of July and today I got my results’ message (listening 6, reading 6, writing 5.5, speaking 6.5). I am really shocked by my speaking and listening results. Do you you think I will get any new result if I reject and apply for remarking?

Listening rarely changes with a remark because it is marked by right or wrong answers and mistakes almost never happen. For speaking, band score 6.5 means you make more than a few mistakes in your grammar and vocabulary or possibly that your fluency is strong enough to be able to talk at length without effort. It is possible to get a remark for speaking but looking at your writing, it is even lower. So, it doesn’t give confidence that your score will go up with a remark. However, you must judge for yourself. All the best Liz

Dear Liz I have recently found out about your videos and website and I deeply appreciate your effort. I am preparing for an Academic module in a limited time so I found your lessons and instructions very useful to manage my studies. Although I am still struggling with Reading skill.

The key to reading is to spend time understanding the language in the questions and thinking about paraphrasing before you try and find the answers. The more time you spend with the questions, the quicker it is to find answers. You should also be writing down a list of paraphrases from all reading exercises you do. Lastly, spend time planning a strategy for each question type and learning which questions have answers that come in order. You can find a page about question types in the reading section of this blog. All the best Liz

Really this is a stategy

Dear Liz, Thank you for such a useful note, but it seems you missed contrast/opposite connection words.

Regards, Amir

You will find contrasting linking words in the concessions and contrast section. All the best Liz

Hello teacher,

I’m confused using between these two words. Is the same ” as a result ” and ” therefore”.?

Could you explain it to me, please? Thank you very much

They have the same meaning and you can alternate using them. All the best Liz

This is such a big help Ms. Liz. Thank you for always updating your site! Love you! 🙂

Please give me a common sentences of task 2 i can write in all type of essay

Sorry but that is not the right way to approach IELTS. The examiner is trained to spot learned sentences and you will lose marks. The sentences you should aim for are based on grammar structures or tenses: clauses, conditionals, prefect tenses, gerunds etc. Just review your grammar structures. All the best Liz

Hi Liz; Thanks to publish this useful words for writing task. I need 7 in that task while I was got 5.5 in my first attempt after that I had knew about your site and I register myself in it and from that day onwards I regularly follow your tips hope i will improve in my writing. Thanks again

Make sure you check your level of English to get band 7. In the message above, your first 9 words contain 2 mistakes and the second sentence contains 5 mistakes. You will need to reduce your errors to get band 7. Good luck Liz

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Opinion essay (connectors)

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Digital tools and ideas to transform education, tag archives: connectors, five steps to writing a good for and against essay.

An essay is a formal piece of writing which describes, analyses or discusses a particular issue.

The most common types are:

• Opinion essays. They present the writer’s personal opinion of the topic, supported with examples and reasons.
• For and against essays. They   present both sides of an issue in a balanced way. In the concluding paragraph you can say why you find one side more convincing than the other.

In this post, I’ll guide you step by step to help you write a good for and against essay.

• Step 1. Tips and Guidelines +sample essay (pdf)
• Step 2. Presentation + sample essay (reinforcing)
• Step 3. Using connectors of contrast
• Step 4. Using connectors of purpose
• Step 5. Write: 53 topics to write about. (pdf)

Step 1. Tips and guidelines+sample essay 

Download pdf

1. The first stage in writing is producing ideas. It’s important to dedicate two or three minutes to carefully planning what you are going to say. Make a list of the points for and against. Remember that the key to writing a good balanced essay is to include as many arguments you disagree with as those you agree with. They should be noted impartially although in your conclusion you can say why you find one side more convincing than the other.

2. Producing and organising ideas is one thing. Shaping ideas and the organisation of your writing is another. But often the most difficult part is starting a first draft.

Once you have your first draft pay attention to how you have organised the information into paragraphs and grouped ideas.

Once this is done you can focus on expression. This means looking at sentence structure, tense usage and vocabulary. It’s important to write clearly and economically. This can mean either rephrasing ideas in two sentences instead of one, or rewriting two longer sentences as one shorter sentence. So, go over your first draft, looking for ways of improving sentence structure, tense usage and vocabulary.

3. Organise your essay into three parts:

• Introduction- Paragraph 1- Introduce the topic. The opening should engage the reader’s interest and give a hint of what is to follow.
• Main Body- Normally you have two paragraphs. In Paragraph 2, you state your arguments for and in Paragraph 3, your arguments against.
• Conclusion– In paragraph 4 you refer back to the topic and summarize. Here you can say why you find one side more convincing than the other.

4. It’s important that you begin each paragraph with a main idea and then develop this idea. For a new idea, begin a new paragraph.

5. This is academic writing, so don’t use informal style ( no contractions, colloquial words, or emotional language).

6. Remember to use a variety of structures and vocabulary adequate to your level.

Step 2. Presentation + sample essay (reinforcing ).

Step 3. Using connectors of contrast.

Using connectors is important to express different relationships between ideas. Here, you’ll learn how to use connectors of contrast.

Read the flyer below to learn how to use: despite/in spite of, nevertheless, however, on the other hand, although, even though, though, yet, still, but and while/whereas. 

At the end of the flyer there are some interactive exercises to test your knowledge.

Step 3. Using connectors of purpose.

Now we learn how to express purpose with the following words: to, in order to, so as to, for, so that and in case.

Test your knowledge

Step 5. Write: 53 topics to write about.   Pdf here

Are you ready to write now? Here’s a compilation of 53 for and against topics to write about from different sites and course books. Take your pick, follow all the tips and guidelines and good luck!

• Should schools start later in the morning?
• Benefits of teaching children second languages early on.
• The pros and cons of single gender classrooms.
• Is sex education the job of parents or of the school?
• The pros and cons of reduction of physical education hours in our current school system.
• The pros and cons of security cameras in schools.
• Pros and cons of a 4-day school week.
• Should parents pay students for good grades?
• The pros and cons of bilingual or dual language education.
• The pros and cons of wearing a uniform.
• The pros and cons of banning junk food in schools.
• Should sexual education be taught in high schools?
• The education a child receives at home from having parents who are positive role models is more important than the academic education a child receives at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

HEALTHY ISSUES

• Plastic surgery- vanity or need?
• Is vegetarianism a healthy diet?
• One of the largest parts of government expenditure is health. Some people argue that this money would be better spent on health education on the principle that prevention is better than cure. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

MORAL ISSUES

• Should parents be allowed to choose their child’s gender?
• Pros and cons of having exotic animals as home pets?
• Should advertising for plastic surgery be illegal?
• Should priests be celibate?
• What does everyone think about zoo animals? Is it a good or a bad thing?
• Does legal prostitution reduce crime?
• To what extent is the use of animals in scientific research acceptable? Discuss the pros and cons.
• Some people argue that the amount of violence shown in films and on television has led to an increase in violent crimes in society. Do you agree with this argument? Should the government control what is shown on television and in the cinema?
• Should rich countries forgive all debts for poor countries?
• The pros and cons of children under the age of 10 playing video games.
• The pros and cons of film, television, and music piracy.
• Should kids under the age of 13 have a phone?
• Advantages and disadvantages of digital spying on kids and teens.
• The pros and cons of owning an electric car.
• Have we become too dependent on technology? Discuss the pros and cons.
• Should students be allowed to have cell phones in elementary and high schools?
• Should we ban the sale of violent video games?
• Some people say that the Internet is making the world smaller by bringing people together. To what extent do you agree that the Internet is making it easier for people to communicate with one another?
• Should pro wrestling be considered a sport?
• Should sport hunting be banned?
• Many people want their country to hold the Olympics. Others believe that international sporting events bring more problems than benefits. Discuss both views and state your opinion.
• In the future, we will have more and more leisure time as machines replace many of the tasks we do at home and work. Discuss the benefits this will bring and also the problem it will cause.
• It is said that travel broadens the mind. What can we learn by travelling to other countries? Should we first explore our own countries? Discuss.
• In many countries tourism is a major part of the economy, but it also causes environmental damage and ruins the places it exploits. It is argued that tourists should pay an additional tax to compensate for this damage. Do you agree?
• Should museums and art galleries be free of charge for the general public, or should a charge, even a voluntary charge, be levied for admittance? Discuss this issue, and give your opinion.
• Unemployment is one of the most serious problems facing developed nations today. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of reducing the working week to thirty five hours?
• Most high level jobs are done by men. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women?
• Should retirement be compulsory at 65 years of age?

  GLOBALISATION:

• Differences between countries become less evident each year. Nowadays, all over the world people share the same fashions, advertising, brands, eating habits and TV channels. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?
• Television has had a significant influence on the culture of many societies. To what extent would you say that television has positively or negatively affected the cultural development of your society?
• Some people like living in a house, while others prefer an apartment. Are there more advantages than disadvantages to living in a house rather than in an apartment?

FAMILY AND RELATIONSHIPS

• The pros and cons of gay marriage.
• Some parents choose not to have a television at home because of the influence on their children. Is this a good or a bad thing?
• Some people believe in the traditional idea that the woman’s place is in the home, while others say that idea is outdated and that women should play an increasingly important role in the workplace of the future. What is your opinion?
• People are now living longer than ever before and many old people are unable to look after themselves. Some people believe that it is the responsibility of families to look after the elderly, while others say governments should provide retirement homes for them where they can be looked after properly. Discuss.
• Are women better parents than men?
• If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?

Have you visited my writing section yet ?

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Activating Passive Vocabulary

One of the things that worries me most when teaching vocabulary is that students tend to store the newly acquired knowledge as passive vocabulary. Agreed that most of us have more passive  than active vocabulary, agreed  that we use a larger variety of words when we write than when we speak, but still I think that as teachers we need to go the extra mile and help our students see the importance of incorporating new vocabulary into their communicative tasks.

Designing activities to convert passive vocabulary into active vocabulary is one of the things that occupies most of my planning.

This is a very simple activity I have designed to” force” my students to use new vocabulary and connectors to express contrast.

Level : Intermediate and above

• To use newly acquired vocabulary
• To improve students’ writing abilities by using connectors of contrast
• To encourage collaborative writing

Step 1.  Selecting vocabulary.  Ask students to work in pairs. Explain that they’ll need to write on a clean sheet of paper ten words or expressions recently studied. (You can also be more specific here and tell them the unit or the pages of the book you want them to get the vocabulary from).

Step 2.  Explaining the task .Ask students now to pass their list of 1o words to the pair sitting behind them or next to them.

Tell students they are going to write a story in pairs. In this story they’ll need to use at least 7 of the words on their list and three out of the five connectors of contrast you are going to write on the board (see below an interactive flyer explaining Clauses of Contrast)

Give them the beginning of a story, for example “ When Fiona entered the room, she couldn’t believe her eyes ” or use a story starter generator here .

Step 3. Writing and editing . Encourage students to dedicate some time to planning their story. Set a time limit of 30 minutes, but I suggest not limiting the number of words in their stories to encourage fluency and boost their imagination.

Once they have written their draft (20 minutes), ask students to carefully edit their stories. Display the following checklist on the board  ( click here to download it) or alternatively print it and give one to every student.

Give each pair a different coloured paper or if you have more stories than colours, use different pen colours or assign a number to every story.

Ask students to write their story and underline the targeted vocabulary and the connectors of contrast used.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Photo credit: Deb Stgo via Visual hunt / CC BY

Confusing Words: Finally,In the End, Eventually, Lastly and At Last

Yes, I know, these connectors can be quite confusing; that’s why I have created this beautiful presentation to help you clarify them . I just hope the explanation doesn’t mix you up more. And it’s also, with this mind, the reason why a quiz follows the explanation. Beautifully presented as well. 🙂

To create these two interactive activities I have used Riddle.com , which helps you create interactive content in a few minutes.

Steps to create a Riddle • Click on the Create Button • Choose the type of Riddle you want to make. For this post , I have created a List and a Pop Quiz, but you can also create opinion polls and surveys. • In a Riddle you can use images, animated gifts, articles, youtube videos…etc • You can share on facebook and twitter or get an embed code for your blog • The best feauture? It’s free! I highly recommend Riddle to create beautiful interactive content for your classes.

CONFUSING WORDS: LASTLY, FINALLY, EVENTUALLY, IN THE END, AT LAST

Lastly and finally.

• Lastly , I would like to remind you that speaking Spanish is not allowed in this class.
•  Load the paper, select the number of copies, and lastly press ‘Print’
• You add flour, salt, and finally milk.

FINALLY and EVENTUALLY

• Finally we managed to get the car to start.
• When she eventually turned up, the food was cold.

EVENTUALLY and IN THE END

• They eventually got bored and went home.
•   In the end we decided to cancel the trip.
•  It’s good to be home at last .
•   At last , the pizza’s here!

www.cristinacabal.com

Although she had been ​ill for a ​long ​time, it still came as a ​shock when she ___ ​died, __, i’d like to ​thank everyone for coming this ​evening, thank goodness i’ve ​finished my ​essay ____, ___ the baby stopped crying and we managed to get some sleep.

Finally/eventually

Do you really mean that you’ve stopped smoking ___?

___ spain won by two goals to one., ___, as soon as you hear a beep, press the start button, it seems more and more likely that the human race will ___ destroy itself, she showed us the new dress, then the blouse and ___ the shoes, blog de cristina www.cristinacabal.com, viral content expert, blog de cristina is also on facebook. click to follow.

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Connectors in English: How to Use Them to Make Your English Flow Beautifully

Are your essays in English marked poorly despite your grammatically correct sentences?

Have you ever been told that your paragraphs don’t connect to each other even though they talk about the same topic?

This is where English connectors come in—a.k.a., the words I’ve marked in bold above!

Today, I’m going to talk about what connectors in English are, the most common ones you’ll come across and how to practice them.

Once you’re done with this article, I hope you’ll agree that these words and phrases are simply magical!

What Are English Connectors?

English connectors for cause and effect, english connectors for illustration, english connectors for emphasis, english connectors for comparison, english connectors for contrast, english connectors for sequence, english connectors for conclusion, tips for practicing english connectors, and one more thing....

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)

English connectors are little words and phrases that help you connect sentences, paragraphs and ideas. Used both in spoken and written English, they help make your English sound more logical and structured.

You can think of connectors as like the thread that holds a necklace’s beads (i.e. sentences, paragraphs and ideas) together.

In fact, you probably already use them without even realizing it!

Note that English connectors are different from English conjunctions . While conjunctions link two or more words or clauses within a sentence, connectors establish that two separate sentences or ideas are related to each other. 

To help you understand further, I’m going to walk you through some of the most common connectors in English and how they’re used. Some are used formally, while others are more casual. Some are even  interchangeable —that is, you can use them in place of similar words.

In everyday conversations , we often need to explain things.

Perhaps you were late for school because your car ran out of gas. Or you want to buy chocolates because you want to surprise your mother on her birthday.

Explaining things will be much easier if you throw in these important English connectors.

Let’s take a look at them!

Giving illustrations or examples helps us prove our point and convince other people to believe us. These words help people understand what you’re trying to say and can help them see why you believe what you believe.

While discussing an issue or idea, you may want to focus on a particular point or example. To make the listener understand the importance of that specific idea, you can use the following connectors.

Sometimes, we need to draw attention to certain similarities to make a point or explain something. This is especially important in writing!

To make better comparisons, use the following English connectors.

Sometimes, we need to express different or contradicting ideas side-by-side. Doing this helps the listener or reader focus on important differences and makes them aware of the many sides of a topic.

These connectors are useful when you’re giving step-by-step instructions or listing points.

Finally , how do you let your reader know that you’ve reached the end? (See what I did there?)

There are certain connectors that we usually use during conclusions or when we’ve reached the end of what we wanted to say. When writing or stating conclusions, you usually repeat the most important points.

Here are some quick tips that’ll help you learn English connectors more efficiently.

Make Your Own Sentences

To explain the meanings and uses of different connectors, I’ve provided example sentences for each. However, you’ll remember them much better if you come up with your own examples.

You can start by using connectors in your diary entries, notebooks, essays and the like. Soon, you’ll find yourself using these connectors in everyday speech as well!

Write a Short Story or Essay

To see the huge difference English connectors can make, try writing a paragraph without any connectors and then rewrite it using some of the connectors above. You’ll quickly realize that your sentences will flow better, sound more logical and become easier to understand.

Learn English with Authentic Content

You probably want to speak English like a native (or at least try to). So why not learn from natives? Try watching a speech in English to get a good idea of how these fit together. Look for the ones with transcripts that you can write notes in, maybe even circling all of the connecting terms as you see them. 

FluentU takes authentic videos—like music videos, movie trailers, news and inspiring talks—and turns them into personalized language learning lessons.

You can try FluentU for free for 2 weeks. Check out the website or download the iOS app or Android app.

P.S. Click here to take advantage of our current sale! (Expires at the end of this month.)

Try FluentU for FREE!

Do Online Exercises

Finally, to check whether you’ve understood how to use connectors correctly, you can try online exercises from websites that cover English grammar .

For example, the ones on English Daily  and English Grammar are pretty short and can be completed in a few minutes.

There’s also ToLearnEnglish , which provides a brief list of common connectors before you solve the exercise, making it a great resource for review.

Now that you know the most commonly-used English connectors, you can use them in sentences and paragraphs with great confidence. Try your hand at some of the exercises I’ve suggested for practice.

So what are you waiting for?

Get out there and start incorporating these useful English connectors into your everyday life!

If you like learning English through movies and online media, you should also check out FluentU. FluentU lets you learn English from popular talk shows, catchy music videos and funny commercials , as you can see here:

If you want to watch it, the FluentU app has probably got it.

The FluentU app and website makes it really easy to watch English videos. There are captions that are interactive. That means you can tap on any word to see an image, definition, and useful examples.

FluentU lets you learn engaging content with world famous celebrities.

For example, when you tap on the word "searching," you see this:

FluentU lets you tap to look up any word.

Learn all the vocabulary in any video with quizzes. Swipe left or right to see more examples for the word you’re learning.

FluentU helps you learn fast with useful questions and multiple examples. Learn more.

The best part? FluentU remembers the vocabulary that you’re learning. It gives you extra practice with difficult words—and reminds you when it’s time to review what you’ve learned. You have a truly personalized experience.

Start using the FluentU website on your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the FluentU app from the iTunes or Google Play store. Click here to take advantage of our current sale! (Expires at the end of this month.)

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Discourse Connectors

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

This resource provides guidelines for effectively combining shorter, simpler sentences into longer ones.

Creating longer texts such as job application letters, college application essays, and reports requires you to string together many small and separate ideas into a larger, unified whole. However, if you do not have discourse connectors, words and phrases and sentences to tie those separate ideas together, all you will have is fragments.

By using discourse connectors, you show your readers how everything relates to everything else—something that is absolutely essential if you are going to get your readers to completely understand your ideas. The following will give you some basic information on discourse connectors, and then you will have the chance to practice the concepts yourself.

Words and Phrases

These words and phrases can simply be inserted at the beginning of a sentence that you want to more clearly associate with a previous sentence (or sentences). Here is a list of some discourse connectors:

consequently, despite this, therefore, furthermore, in addition, moreover, however, indeed, in fact, nevertheless, then

Example: Miguel worked in sales for five years, and he worked another three in accounting. He is eligible for a management position.

Revision 1: Miguel worked in sales for five years, and he worked another three in accounting. Therefore , he is eligible for a management position.

A number of these (consequently, therefore, however, in fact, nevertheless, then) can also be used in other positions in the sentence.

Revision 2: Miguel worked in sales for five years, and he worked another three in accounting. He is therefore eligible for a management position.

Revision 3: Miguel worked in sales for five years, and he worked another three in accounting. He therefore is eligible for a management position.

Regardless of the arrangement, using these words and phrases makes the associations between sentences much clearer. Consequently, they make your sentences less “choppy.”

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Guest Essay

This Prophetic Academic Now Foresees the West’s Defeat

By Christopher Caldwell

Mr. Caldwell is a contributing Opinion writer and the author of “The Age of Entitlement: America Since the Sixties.”

“If anybody in this room thinks Putin will stop at Ukraine, I assure you, he will not,” President Biden said during his State of the Union address on Thursday night. Europe is “at risk,” he added, as he welcomed Ulf Kristersson, the prime minister of Sweden, the newest member of NATO.

But Mr. Biden also said he remains “determined” that American soldiers will not be necessary to defend Europe. As a White House spokesman put it last week, it is “crystal clear” that the use of ground troops is off the table.

Mr. Kristersson’s head must have been spinning. The prospect of further Russian incursions was the strongest argument that the United States relied on to draw NATO into the war, and to draw new members, like Sweden, into NATO. But if such incursions were a genuine concern, then ground troops would be an option for the United States and its allies almost by definition.

The rationale for NATO participation in the Russo-Ukrainian war is getting fuzzier at the very moment when one would expect it to be getting clearer.

This is a problem. Europeans, like Americans, are tiring of the war. They are increasingly skeptical that Ukraine can win it. But perhaps most important, they distrust the United States, which has done little in this war to dispel skepticism about its motives and its competence that arose during the Iraq war two decades ago. Unique though Americans sometimes believe their polarization to be, all Western societies have a version of it. As Europe’s “elites” see it, NATO is fighting a war to beat back a Russian invasion. But as “populists” see it, American elites are leading a war to beat back a challenge to their own hegemony — no matter what the collateral damage.

American leadership is failing: That is the argument of an eccentric new book that since January has stood near the top of France’s best-seller lists. It is called “La Défaite de l’Occident” (“The Defeat of the West”). Its author, Emmanuel Todd, is a celebrated historian and anthropologist who in 1976, in a book called “The Final Fall,” used infant-mortality statistics to predict that the Soviet Union was headed for collapse.

Since then, what Mr. Todd writes about current events has tended to be received in Europe as prophecy. His book “After the Empire,” predicting the “breakdown of the American order,” came out in 2002, in the flush of post-9/11 national cohesion and before the debacle of the Iraq war, to which Mr. Todd was fiercely opposed. Anglophone (his doctorate is from Cambridge) and Anglophile (at least at the start of his career), he has grown steadily disillusioned with the United States, even anti-American.

Mr. Todd is a critic of American involvement in Ukraine, but his argument is not the now-familiar historical one made by the dissident political scientist John Mearsheimer. Like Mr. Mearsheimer, Mr. Todd questions the zealous expansion of NATO under Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, the neoconservative ideology of democracy promotion and the official demonization of Russia. But his skepticism of U.S. involvement in Ukraine goes deeper. He believes American imperialism has not only endangered the rest of the world but also corroded American character.

In interviews over the past year, Mr. Todd has argued that Westerners focus too much on one surprise of the war: Ukraine’s ability to defy Russia’s far larger army. But there is a second surprise that has been underappreciated: Russia’s ability to defy the sanctions and seizures through which the United States sought to destroy the Russian economy. Even with its Western European allies in tow, the United States lacked the leverage to keep the world’s big, new economic actors in line. India took advantage of fire-sale prices for Russian energy. China provided Russia with sanctioned goods and electronic components.

And then the manufacturing base of the United States and its European allies proved inadequate to supply Ukraine with the matériel (particularly artillery) needed to stabilize, let alone win, the war. The United States no longer has the means to deliver on its foreign-policy promises.

People have been awaiting this moment for quite some time, not all of them as far from the corridors of power as Mr. Todd. Mr. Biden mentioned in his 2017 memoir that President Barack Obama used to warn him about “overpromising to the Ukrainian government.” Now we see why.

Mr. Todd contends that Americans’ heedless plunge into the global economy was a mistake. Parts of his case will be familiar from other authors: The United States produces fewer cars than it did in the 1980s; it produces less wheat. But parts of his case involve deeper, long-term cultural shifts perennially associated with prosperity. We used to call them decadence.

In an advanced, highly educated society like ours, Mr. Todd argues, too many people aspire to the work of running things and bossing people around. They want to be politicians, artists, managers. This doesn’t always require learning intellectually complex stuff . “In the long run, educational progress has brought educational decline,” he writes, “because it has led to the disappearance of those values that favor education.”

Mr. Todd calculates that the United States produces fewer engineers than Russia does, not just per capita but in absolute numbers. It is experiencing an “internal brain drain,” as its young people drift from demanding, high-skill, high-value-added occupations to law, finance and various occupations that merely transfer value around the economy and in some cases may even destroy it. (He asks us to consider the ravages of the opioid industry, for instance.)

As Mr. Todd sees it, the West’s decision to outsource its industrial base is more than bad policy; it is also evidence of a project to exploit the rest of the world. But ringing up profits is not the only thing America does in the world — it also spreads a system of liberal values, which are often described as universal human rights. A specialist in the anthropology of families, Mr. Todd warns that a lot of the values Americans are currently spreading are less universal than Americans think.

Anglo-American family structures, for example, have traditionally been less patriarchal than those almost anyplace else in the world. As it has modernized, the United States has come to espouse a model of sex and gender that conjugates poorly with those of traditional cultures (such as India’s) and more patriarchal modern ones (such as Russia’s).

Mr. Todd is not a moralizer. But he insists that traditional cultures have a lot to fear from the West’s various progressive leanings and may resist allying themselves on foreign policy with those who espouse them. In a similar way, during the Cold War, the Soviet Union’s official atheism was a deal-breaker for many people who might otherwise have been well disposed toward Communism.

Mr. Todd does believe that certain of our values are “deeply negative.” He presents evidence that the West does not value the lives of its young. Infant mortality, the telltale metric that led him to predict the Soviet collapse half a century ago, is higher in Mr. Biden’s America (5.4 per thousand) than in Mr. Putin’s Russia — and three times higher than in the Japan of Prime Minister Fumio Kishida.

While Mr. Todd is, again, not judgmental on sexual matters, he is judgmental on intellectual ones. The inability to distinguish facts from wishes astounds him at every turn of the Ukraine war. The American hope early in the war that China might cooperate in a sanctions regime against Russia, thereby helping the United States refine a weapon that would one day be aimed at China itself, is, for Mr. Todd, a “delirium.”

For students of the Vietnam War, there is much in Mr. Todd’s book that recalls the historian Loren Baritz’s classic 1985 book, “Backfire,” which drew on popular culture, patriotic mythology and management theory to explain what had led the United States astray in Vietnam. Mr. Baritz concluded, “We are what went wrong in Vietnam.” Had Lyndon Johnson managed to impose his will on the Vietnamese, Mr. Baritz reflected, “an entire culture would have been utterly destroyed out of the goodness of the American heart.”

One is constantly reading in the papers that Vladimir Putin is a threat to the Western order. Maybe. But the larger threat to the Western order is the hubris of those who run it.

Fighting a war based on values requires good values. At a bare minimum it requires an agreement on the values being spread, and the United States is further from such agreement than it has ever been in its history — further, even, than it was on the eve of the Civil War. At times it seems there are no national principles, only partisan ones, with each side convinced that the other is trying not just to run the government but also to capture the state.

Until some new consensus emerges, President Biden is misrepresenting his country in presenting it as stable and unified enough to commit to anything . Ukrainians are learning this at a steep cost.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , X and Threads .

Christopher Caldwell is a contributing Opinion writer for The Times and a contributing editor at The Claremont Review of Books. He is the author of “Reflections on the Revolution in Europe: Immigration, Islam and the West” and “The Age of Entitlement: America Since the Sixties.”