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Essay on Water Scarcity

Water is the basic necessity of every human being, but water scarcity is a major issue that is rising very rapidly in India nowadays. The problem has become so severe that in many states the groundwater has almost dried up and people have to depend on water supply from other sources. In addition, water is one of the most misused natural resources that we still waste. It is the central point of our lives but unfortunately, not our priority concern. 

Earlier, people understood the value of water and planned their lives around it. Moreover, many civilizations were born and lost around water, but today, in spite of having knowledge, we still fail to understand the value of water in our lives. 

Reasons for Water Scarcity

Mismanagement of water and the growing population in our country are the two main reasons for water scarcity. There are also a number of other man made disturbances that continue to rise. Besides this, some of the reasons for water scarcity are:  

Wasteful Use of Water for Agriculture  

India, an agricultural country, produces a huge quantity of food to feed its population. The surplus that is left, gets exported outside. 

It is not unknown that producing this much food requires a lot of water too. The traditional method of irrigation wastes a lot of water due to evaporation, water conveyance, drainage, percolation, and the overuse of groundwater. Besides, most of the areas in India use traditional irrigation techniques that stress the availability of water.

However, the technique of irrigation has changed during modern times and we provide water to plants using a sprinkler or drip irrigation.

Reduction in Water Recharges Systems  

Rapid construction that uses concrete and marbles may not let the rainwater get absorbed in the soil, but still, we install some mechanism in our houses so that we can hold the rainwater. Then we can recharge the groundwater.

Lack of Water Management and Distribution

There is a need for an efficient system to manage and distribute the water in urban areas. The Indian government also needs to enhance its technology and investment in water treatment. Besides, we should ensure optimization at the planning level.

Solutions to Overcome this Problem

Close the running tap.

 During dishwashing and hand washing people often let the tap run. These running taps waste thousands of liters of water per year. Therefore, closing the tap will reduce this problem.

Replace Dripping Taps  

In India, it is commonly seen that most of the houses have taps or faucets that go on dripping water even when they are closed. This running tap wastes up to 30,000 liters of water that nobody bothers to change. So, we should replace these taps immediately.

Brief on Water Scarcity  

Water is a basic necessity for every living being.  Life without water is impossible, not just for us humans, but for all plants and animals too. Water scarcity is an issue of grave concern these days as water scarcity has become very common. Water is one of the most wasted natural resources and corrective measures should be taken before the water scarcity situation becomes worse. In spite of being aware of the implications, not much is being done today. 

In India, and across the world, it has been recorded that about half a billion people face a shortage of water for about six months annually. Many well-known cities around the world are facing acute scarcity of water. Many facts and figures are available to know about the water scarcity problem, but what are the reasons for this scarcity? 

With the growing population, the use of water has increased manifold. The lack of more freshwater sources and the increase in population is a major reason for this scarcity. The lack of proper Water management systems and proper drainage systems in India, especially in the urban areas is a major cause too. Kitchen wastewater should be able to be recycled but due to a poor drainage system, this is not possible. An efficient water management system is required in order to distribute water in urban areas.

Another major issue is Deforestation. Areas with more greenery and plants are known to have good rainfall.  Industrialisation and urbanization are two major factors here. Due to Deforestation, and cutting down of trees, rainfall has become an issue too.

Rivers are a major source of fresh water in India. Today we see a lot of industries that have come up and all of them are mostly near the rivers and these rivers become highly polluted as a result of all the industrial waste.

Effect of Global Warming and Climate Change

Global Warming and Climate Change are also responsible for the scarcity of water. The melting of icebergs into the sea due to the rise in temperatures is a reason as to how salty water is increasing day by day instead of freshwater. The percentage of rainfall has decreased drastically these days. Climate change along with the decrease in rainfall percentage has greatly affected freshwater bodies. 

Water scarcity has become a major problem and an alarming issue these days, and we must consciously strive to work together to find some solution to this issue of water scarcity. The Indian government today has formulated and come up with many plans on how to tackle and solve this problem.

To conclude, water scarcity has become an alarming issue day by day. If we do not take the problem of water scarcity seriously now, our future generations are going to suffer severely and may even have to buy this necessity at a high cost.

FAQs on Water Scarcity Essay

1.  What are the reasons for Water Scarcity?

The lack of proper Water Management and proper Drainage system plays a major role. Many other factors and reasons can be held responsible for the scarcity of water. Some of the major reasons are Global Warming and Climate Change; Pollution of the rivers due to industrialization; Deforestation and the cutting down of trees is another reason; Reduced percentage of rainfall due to the climate change pattern; Increase in the population which leads to increase in the use of water.  Learn more about water scarcity on Vedantu website helpful for long-term.

2. What is meant by the scarcity of water?

The scarcity of water means a shortage of water and not being able to manage the demand and supply of water. Water scarcity refers to the lack of freshwater bodies to meet the standard quantity and demand of water. Unequal distribution of water due to factors like Climate Change and Global Warming. Water Scarcity is also due to pollution and lack of rainfall. Water scarcity means a scarcity due to some physical scarcity or scarcity due to the lack of regular supply.

3. What are the two types of water scarcity?

Physical water scarcity is the result of regions' demand outpacing the limited water resources found in that location. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, about 1.2 billion people live in areas of physical scarcity and many of these people live in arid or semi-arid regions. People who are affected by this Physical kind of water scarcity are expected to grow as the population increases and as the weather patterns keep changing as a result of climate change.

Economic water scarcity is due to the lack of proper water infrastructure and a proper water management system or also because of poor management of water resources. The FAO estimates that more than 1.6 billion people face economic water shortages today. Economic water scarcity can also take place because of the unregulated use of water for agriculture and industry.

4.  How can we solve the problem?

Conscious awareness is required to deal with and understand the problem of water scarcity. We can start off by consciously saving water in our homes and surroundings.  Small easy steps like taking care when washing hands, or when working in the kitchen, have to be taken. The running water taps are a major reason for losing hundreds of liters of water on a daily basis. And we should be careful not to waste this water. Conscious decision to save and the need to understand the problem of water scarcity is of utmost importance.

5. How do we waste water?

Water is wasted in ways we do not even realize, in our homes and in our workplaces. When we brush our teeth, when we shave or when we wash the dishes, one of the most common things we do is to keep the water running, especially when running water is available. As soon as we begin cleaning or washing, we do not think of the water that is being wasted. While washing hands, we leave the water tap on, which results in wasting water too. Small things like these should be kept in mind and this could be our small step towards preserving water.

Essay on Water Scarcity 500+ Words

Water, a source of life and a symbol of purity, is a resource that we often take for granted. However, water scarcity is a growing global crisis that demands our attention. In this essay, we will explore the pressing issue of water scarcity, its causes and consequences, and the urgent need for sustainable solutions.

Understanding Water Scarcity

Water scarcity occurs when there is not enough clean, fresh water to meet the needs of a population. It is a complex issue influenced by factors like climate change, population growth, and mismanagement of water resources. According to the United Nations, over 2 billion people around the world already face water scarcity, and this number is expected to rise.

Causes of Water Scarcity

a. Climate Change : Changing weather patterns, including droughts and extreme heat, are disrupting water sources, making them less reliable.

b. Overpopulation : The world’s population is growing rapidly, leading to increased water demand for drinking, agriculture, and industry.

c. Pollution : Pollution from chemicals, sewage, and industrial waste contaminates water sources, making them unusable.

d. Wasteful Practices : Water wastage in agriculture, industry, and households contributes to scarcity.

Consequences of Water Scarcity

a. Health Issues : Lack of clean water can lead to waterborne diseases like cholera and dysentery, affecting millions, especially children.

b. Food Insecurity : Agriculture relies heavily on water, and water scarcity can lead to crop failures and food shortages.

c. Conflict : Water scarcity can trigger conflicts between communities and even nations fighting over limited water resources.

d. Ecosystem Damage : Wildlife and ecosystems suffer as water sources shrink, impacting biodiversity.

Solutions to Water Scarcity

a. Water Conservation : Simple steps like fixing leaks, using water-saving appliances, and practicing responsible water use at home can make a significant difference.

b. Improved Infrastructure : Building and maintaining water supply and sanitation systems can help reduce water losses.

c. Rainwater Harvesting : Collecting rainwater for household use and agriculture can help mitigate scarcity.

d. Desalination : Technology to turn seawater into freshwater is an option for regions with limited freshwater sources.

The Role of Education

Education plays a crucial role in raising awareness about water scarcity. Schools and communities can educate people about responsible water use and the importance of conservation. Students can become water ambassadors, spreading the message about the need to protect our water resources.

Global Efforts to Combat Water Scarcity

International organizations like the United Nations and NGOs are working to address water scarcity on a global scale. They provide funding, expertise, and resources to implement sustainable water management practices in affected regions. Collaboration between countries and communities is key to finding solutions.

Conclusion of Essay on Water Scarcity

In conclusion, water scarcity is a pressing global issue that affects people, ecosystems, and economies. Understanding its causes and consequences is the first step in finding solutions. It is essential for individuals, communities, and governments to take action by conserving water, improving infrastructure, and supporting sustainable practices. Education and global cooperation are vital in our fight against water scarcity. By working together, we can ensure that future generations have access to the life-sustaining resource of clean, fresh water. Water is precious, and its conservation is our collective responsibility.

Also Check: The Essay on Essay: All you need to know

Essay on Water Scarcity

Students are often asked to write an essay on Water Scarcity in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Water Scarcity

Introduction.

Water is a vital resource for all life on Earth. However, we are facing a growing problem known as water scarcity. It means not having access to enough clean water.

Causes of Water Scarcity

Water scarcity can be due to physical lack of water or lack of access. Climate change, overuse, and pollution are major causes.

Effects of Water Scarcity

It can lead to health issues, hunger, and even conflicts. It can also harm our environment.

To fight water scarcity, we need to conserve water, reduce pollution, and manage water resources wisely.

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250 Words Essay on Water Scarcity

Water scarcity, a global issue of increasing concern, is defined as the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands within a region. It affects every continent and around 2.8 billion people globally at least one month out of every year.

The primary causes of water scarcity are a blend of natural and human-induced factors. Climate change is exacerbating the issue by altering precipitation patterns, leading to droughts in some areas and floods in others. Human activities, like overuse and wastage of water, deforestation, and pollution, are significantly contributing to water scarcity.

Impacts of Water Scarcity

The impacts of water scarcity are multifaceted and far-reaching. It hampers socio-economic development, leads to food insecurity, and triggers conflicts over water resources. It also poses a serious threat to biodiversity and disrupts ecosystems, which can result in irreversible damage.

Solutions to Water Scarcity

Addressing water scarcity requires a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach. This includes implementing water-efficient technologies, promoting water conservation, improving water management, and protecting water ecosystems. International cooperation is also crucial for sharing water resources equitably and sustainably.

To conclude, water scarcity is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention and action. Through collective efforts, we can ensure water security for all, thereby safeguarding our planet’s future.

500 Words Essay on Water Scarcity

Water scarcity is a pressing issue that has been escalating over the years due to various factors such as climate change, population growth, and inefficient water management. It is a global problem that affects not only arid regions but also places where water seems abundant.

Understanding Water Scarcity

Water scarcity refers to the lack of sufficient water resources to meet the demands within a region. It is not just about the physical insufficiency of water but also involves the lack of access to safe and clean water. The United Nations recognizes it as a crisis, with more than 2 billion people living in countries experiencing high water stress.

Water scarcity is primarily a result of two key issues: increased demand and inadequate supply. Population growth and urbanization have led to a surge in water demand for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. On the supply side, factors such as climate change, pollution, and overexploitation of water resources contribute to the problem.

Climate change leads to unpredictable rainfall patterns and increased evaporation rates, thereby affecting water availability. Pollution from industries and agricultural runoff contaminates freshwater sources, rendering them unfit for consumption or use. Overexploitation, especially through irrigation and damming, exhausts water resources faster than they can replenish.

The impacts of water scarcity are far-reaching and multidimensional. On a human level, it affects health and sanitation, leading to diseases and even death. Economically, it hampers agriculture, which is heavily dependent on water, thereby affecting food security and livelihoods.

Moreover, water scarcity exacerbates social inequalities as marginalized communities often bear the brunt of the crisis. It also has environmental implications, leading to loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems. At a larger scale, it can lead to conflicts over water resources and mass migrations, posing threats to global peace and security.

Addressing water scarcity requires a comprehensive approach that includes both demand and supply-side strategies. On the demand side, it is crucial to promote water conservation and efficiency. This can be achieved through public awareness campaigns, water-saving technologies, and policies that encourage sustainable water use.

On the supply side, strategies include improving water infrastructure to reduce leakages, promoting rainwater harvesting, and implementing wastewater treatment and reuse. Furthermore, protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems can help maintain the natural water cycle and ensure long-term water security.

Water scarcity is a complex problem that requires urgent attention and action from all sectors of society. It is not just an environmental issue but a matter of social justice, economic development, and global security. By understanding its causes and impacts, and by implementing effective solutions, we can pave the way towards a sustainable and water-secure future.

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Water Conservation Essay

500+ words essay on water conservation.

Water makes up 70% of the earth as well as the human body. There are millions of marine species present in today’s world that reside in water. Similarly, humankind also depends on water. All the major industries require water in some form or the other. However, this precious resource is depleting day by day. The majority of the reasons behind it are man-made only. Thus, the need for water conservation is more than ever now. Through this water conservation essay, you will realize how important it is to conserve water and how scarce it has become.

Water Scarcity- A Dangerous Issue

Out of all the water available, only three per cent is freshwater. Therefore, it is essential to use this water wisely and carefully. However, we have been doing the opposite of this till now.

Every day, we keep exploiting water for a variety of purposes. In addition to that, we also keep polluting it day in and day out. The effluents from industries and sewage discharges are dispersed into our water bodies directly.

Moreover, there are little or no facilities left for storing rainwater. Thus, floods have become a common phenomenon. Similarly, there is careless use of fertile soil from riverbeds. It results in flooding as well.

Therefore, you see how humans play a big role in water scarcity. Living in concrete jungles have anyway diminished the green cover. On top of that, we keep on cutting down forests that are a great source of conserving water.

Nowadays, a lot of countries even lack access to clean water. Therefore, water scarcity is a real thing. We must deal with it right away to change the world for our future generations. Water conservation essay will teach you how.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Water Conservation Essay – Conserving Water

Life without water is not possible. We need it for many things including cleaning, cooking, using the washroom, and more. Moreover, we need clean water to lead a healthy life.

We can take many steps to conserve water on a national level as well as an individual level. Firstly, our governments must implement efficient strategies to conserve water. The scientific community must work on advanced agricultural reforms to save water.

Similarly, proper planning of cities and promotion of water conservation through advertisements must be done. On an individual level, we can start by opting for buckets instead of showers or tubs.

Also, we must not use too much electricity. We must start planting more trees and plants. Rainwater harvesting must be made compulsory so we can benefit from the rain as well.

Further, we can also save water by turning off the tap when we brush our teeth or wash our utensils. Use a washing machine when it is fully loaded. Do not waste the water when you wash vegetables or fruit, instead, use it to water plants.

All in all, we must identify water scarcity as a real issue as it is very dangerous. Further, after identifying it, we must make sure to take steps to conserve it. There are many things that we can do on a national level as well as an individual level. So, we must come together now and conserve water.

FAQ of Water Conservation Essay

Question 1: Why has water become scarce?

Answer 1: Water has become scarce due to a lot of reasons most of which are human-made. We exploit water on a daily basis. Industries keep discharging their waste directly into water bodies. Further, sewage keeps polluting the water as well.

Question 2: How can we conserve water?

Answer 2: The government must plan cities properly so our water bodies stay clean. Similarly, water conservation must be promoted through advertisements. On an individual level, we can start by fixing all our leaky taps. Further, we must avoid showers and use buckets instead to save more water.

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Essay on Water Scarcity- Practice Samples For IELTS

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Updated on 27 June, 2023

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You can readily write the IELTS   essay on water scarcity without any hassles. What you should do is plan your essay logically, while sticking to a proper introduction, some core points, and a conclusion. Here are some samples to help you practice this essay seamlessly.

Table of Contents

• Essay on Water Scarcity: Sample 1
• Essay on Scarcity of Water: Sample 2

Important IELTS Exam Resources

Essay on water scarcity: sample 1 .

Water scarcity is a pressing issue throughout the world. India is no exception to the scenario. A report by NITI Aayog in 2019 confirmed how India is plagued by arguably the largest water-related crisis today, where a whopping 600 million of the country’s population are deprived of water. 

These reports have also stated that 21 major cities, including metropolises like Hyderabad, Bangalore, Delhi, and Chennai, will end up depleting their resources of groundwater over the next few years. Water scarcity has been caused due to a combination of factors in the country. These include privatization and rampant flouting of norms by industries along with faulty execution/planning by the government, human and industrial waste, pollution, and red tape. 

By the year 2050, water scarcity in the country is expected to acutely get worse, with a population increase forecasted to 1.6 billion people. There are still seeds of hope, especially on the back of measures like the  Jal Jeevan Mission and others. Several state governments and urban development authorities are also taking steps to lower overall dependence on groundwater and drive a shift towards potable water in several areas. Awareness campaigns are also on the rise, encouraging water conservation. We also need more rainwater harvesting and water recycling programs in order to tackle the issue from a long-term perspective. To conclude, I would like to state that water is the most precious resource of all. We cannot survive without it. Hence, governments, individual citizens, agencies, and all other stakeholders should come together to  save water as much as possible. 

Tentative Band Score: 7

Word Count: 259

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Essay on Scarcity of Water: Sample 2 

Water scarcity is perhaps the biggest problem affecting India today. The government has officially released its blueprint under the  Jal Jeevan Mission in the 2021-22 Union Budget, allocating Rs. 2,87,000 crore for ensuring water supply to 4,378 towns in total. Tap-drinking water will also be supplied by the government to all households in rural zones by the year 2024. 

While these measures are aimed at addressing the acute shortage of water throughout the country, especially in rural and semi-urban areas, a lot more needs to be done. Some of the biggest reasons behind water scarcity include inefficient and wasteful usage of water for industries, agriculture, and other activities. Pollution and drainage of wastewater are other reasons along with rising construction, and the reduction in water recharging mechanisms for groundwater. There is also the absence of a proper water management and distribution blueprint, especially in urban areas, which emphasizes minimal wastage and resource optimization. 

Groundwater resources are depleting swiftly while draining industrial and sewage-related waste into water bodies is hindering potable water availability alongside. Some of the possible solutions include strict tracking of industries and agricultural practices to avoid inefficient water usage and dumping of waste. Governments can also consider public awareness campaigns for minimizing water usage in our daily activities including washing dishes, cars, and so on. Rainwater harvesting should be made mandatory for all residential projects along with water recycling facilities in neighborhoods. Concrete and sustained measures will go a long way toward helping us mitigate the problem in the near future. 

Word Count: 255

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Water Scarcity and Its Effects on the Environment Research Paper

Introduction, types of water scarcity, works cited.

The core objective of this research paper is to examine water scarcity and its effects to the environment. This research paper will lean towards a descriptive approach. Several causes of water scarcity will be reviewed in this research and subsequently suggest solutions to the problems will be discussed.

In conclusion, this research paper will make a number of recommendations to ensure significant strides are achieved in curbing water scarcity. Besides, after reviewing the recommendations applied, this paper will determine ways in which the research results can be dispersed. Introduction

This report will assess the increased demand for water resources as a result of its unavailability. Besides, the paper will also consider the solutions and recommendations for supplying water to all. Water is a valuable resource to humans and the world as a whole.

If water resources continue to diminish, the environment will continue to experience the struggle of surviving since the environment, and forests particularly depend on water resources. Huge industrial demand for water, increased populations and agricultural demands for water increase the scarcity of water. Australia, for instance, is estimated to maintain its domestic water needs rise to 70 percent in the near future. Water Scarcity

Water scarcity is a problem that is experienced all over the world. It is estimated that over a billion people are annually hit by water scarcity. The U.S. department of state puts a figure of 1.1 billion people who lack safe drinking water while 2.4 billion cannot access basic sanitation. Interestingly, “water scarcity also occurs in regions that contain freshwater and sufficient amounts rainfall” (Postel 85).

This is because sufficiency of water supply depends on water conservation methods, distribution channels available in the community and the quality of water as stated by Postel (192). Besides, meeting the demand for household water use, farms, industry and the environment requires substantial conservation methods and timely distribution methods. It is estimated that one out of every three people on each continent of the globe is affected by water scarcity.

As the world population grows the need for more water also increases. Besides, more urban cities are coming up, and urbanization increases the household and industrial consumption. 1.2 billion people across the globe live in areas where water is not present or is physically not available. This is a fifth of the world’s population.

As shown by the above figure, water scarcity is fast becoming a major challenge in developing countries where a quarter of the world population lives. This is due to “lack of proper technique of supplying water from sources such as rivers and aquifers to where it is needed most” (Berk 190). In places where water shortage is experienced, communities are forced to use unsafe drinking water for drinking and washing their clothes.

Unsafe drinking water increases the chances of water borne diseases such as dysentery, cholera and typhoid fever being transmitted to humans. Furthermore, “water scarcity can lead to other diseases including trachoma, which is an eye infection that leads to blindness, plague and typhus” (Pereira and Lacovides 299). When people are faced with water scarcity, they institute measures to store water in their home. These measures can include using water tanks or sinking wells.

This method leads to a breeding ground for mosquitoes – which are known carriers of malaria and dengue fever among others. In the face of all this problems associated with water scarcity, there arises a need to address the issue of water scarcity before it gets out of hand. Better water management policies ensure safety of the communities relying on the water as breeding grounds for insects are eliminated, hence a reduction in water borne diseases like the schistosomiasis which is a devastating illness.

According to Sherbinin (26) the shortage of water and agricultural production in poor urban settings utilizes waste water. More than 10% of the world’s population consumes foods that have been grown using waste water.

These irrigated foods can contain harmful chemicals or disease-causing organisms. It may almost seem ironical to note that the world has enough water for everyone. However, the problem that leads to water shortage is poor distribution. “Water scarcity is a natural occurrence in some areas. However, in others areas it is a man-made phenomenon” (Sherbinin 26).

Similarly, the world is endowed with sufficient water resource to cater for approximately 6 billion people. According to Pereira and Lacovidae 302) scarcity has contributed to uneven distribution channels, wastage. This is because of poor harvest and utilization strategies. Poor methods of handling the water resource have led to water Pollution. Hence, this has created a big challenge that threatening the ecosystem and human population.

Physical Scarcity

Physical scarcity of water is prevalent across the world. As the name suggests, access to water sources is physically limited. This happens when the demand for water surpasses the land’s capacity to provide the much-needed water. This form of deficiency is primarily associated with the dry parts of the world, including arid regions of the globe as clearly illustrated by the figure below.

The northern part of Africa and some parts in Asia and Australia are the worst hit by this physical scarcity. However, we have some regions in the world which do not fall in the dry land category but have man-made physical scarcity. For instance, the Colorado River basin has been “over used causing physical water scarcity downstream” (Pereira and Lacovides 299). Thus, scarcity can also be attributed to over management of the river resources.

Below is Figure 1.3 showing water scarcity distribution around the globe (BBC NEWS)

Economic Scarcity

The most problematic type of water scarcity is economic water scarcity. This happens when no concrete measures are taken to ensure water availability. This situation persists largely due to lack of good governance, and lack of good will to change the situation. Therefore, economic scarcity is demonstrating the lack of resources in terms of funds or monetary benefit to utilize available sources of water.

The sub-Saharan Africa falls under this model of economic water scarcity. Unequal water resource distribution is generally experienced in the Sub-Saharan due to several reasons. These reasons are tied to political and ethnic conflicts, which are a common occurrence in this part of the world.

As shown in Fig 1.2 much of sub-Saharan Africa falls under economic water scarcity. However, Odgaard explains that in the presence of good governance mechanisms, this situation is manageable (140). In most cases, access to clean and safe water can be as simple as constructing small dams for communities to harvest rain water. Besides, the principal objective should be to provide relief for the already suffering communities.

To ensure clean water is available to world population, water harvesting techniques should be developed. These need not be complicated as it may mean rain water collection from roof tops and construction of water storage tanks. Without question, this situation can be tackled with the construction effort from the local community, availability of funds and engineering.

Water Scarcity in the U.S

As highlighted earlier in this research paper, water shortage is a global concern that is affecting communities and the environment and threatens to affect many others if substantial measures are not taken to tackle the scarcity.

However, it is difficult to compare the struggle of an African woman walking long distances in search of fresh water with water scarcity as experienced in the United States. The Colorado River is beginning to run dry in some places; this sounds almost impossible considering the size of the river. Huge water bodies like Lake Mead found in Arizona may become obsolete.

These are some of the dramatic changes that are facing the United States with regard to water scarcity. With this realization, more and more people are starting to connect with situations in dry regions of the globe. More so, the effects of water mismanagement are starting to be felt. Research indicates that Lake Mead may run dry by the year 2012. This is a serious issue considering the lake currently supplies up to 22 million people with water.

This is proof enough that water scarcity is not just a problem of people who never had water but rather a problem for all. Demand for more water and problems associated with pollution is contributing factor to water shortages. The daily demand for water means that the availability of the same will be affected in the future. Many people may thirst in the future if the current trend of wasteful toilet flushes and showerheads are not minimized.

Key Causes of Water Scarcity

Water scarcity has been caused by increased demand. These demands can be categorized into five major contributors to water shortage. Firstly, industrial water consumption enhances their production has created a strain on water resources. Most industries require having sufficient water supplies in order to perform optimally and produce goods or services.

Besides, most mining and oil industries use water in their operations. Thus, water scarcity makes these industries to be more susceptible to water shortages. Secondly, agricultural water needs for farms where there is unreliable rainfall create a huge demand for water, thus exerting more pressure on the already strained water resources.

As the world population grows, more demand for water is experienced as illustrated by fig 1.4. The world population recently hit 7 billion, and the figure could only mean that pressure to supply water for all is expected to rise. Consumer demand is closely linked to population growth as more and more households require water to maintain their households.

Economic growth is a positive step towards improving the lives of people in a given community, but calls for the need to supply resources to fuel it. One of it is water; hence as more economic growth is experienced more demand for water is created.

Suggested Solutions to Water Scarcity

Environmentalists maintain that immediate solutions have to be devised. Low cost solutions come in handy. In China for instance, farmers are already making use of these inexpensive water conservation methods with great results (FFTC). However, “low cost solutions, for example, creating still water conservation may harm the population downstream” (Berk 190). Therefore, it is important for the conservation efforts to involve everyone to provide an amicable solution for all.

In order to ensure water scarcity is effectively tackled, total commitment to set targets and solutions is required. Figure 1.5 clearly indicates that the demand for water is rising, and as a matter of urgency, conservation efforts will bear fruit if every one of us realizes that they have a role to play.

Constant assessment of the strategies governing water bodies and their utilization will ensure that positive progress is achieved. Though much effort has been focused on water conservation, its use and proper management should be emphasized as it will ensure clean water service delivery for us and generations to come. Moreover, focus on climate changes and environmental degradation should also be improved, and a positive environmental culture encouraged.

BBC NEWS. Map Details, Global Water Stress . 2006. Web.

Berk, Richard. Water Shortage: Lessons in Conservation from the Great California Drought . Halifax: Abt Books, 1981. Print.

FFTC. Irrigation Management in Rice-Based Cropping Systems: Issues and Challenges in Southeast Asia. ” 1998. Web.

KTAR. As Lake Meads Drops, Water Concerns Rise . 2010. Web.

Links between Population and Fresh Water. Population Growth and Water. 1996. Web.

Odgaard, Rie . Conflicts over land & water in Africa. Michigan: MSU Press, 2007. Print.

Pereira, Cordery and Lacovides. Coping With Water Scarcity, Addressing the Challenges. New York: Springer, 2009. Print.

Postel, Sandra. The Last Oasis: Facing Water Scarcity. Oxford: Earthscan, 1992. Print.

Sherbinin, Alex. Water and Population Dynamics: Local Approaches to a Global Challenge. Montreal: IUCN, 2009. Print.

Tag Archive for ‘Water Scarcity’. “ Hydro-diplomacy” Needed to Avert Arab Water Wars . 2011. Web.

Umwelt Bundes Amt. Exhibitions from the Umwelt bundes amt (Federal Environment Agency) . 2010. Web.

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115 Water Scarcity Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Water scarcity is a growing concern around the world, as populations continue to increase and climate change impacts water availability. Writing an essay on water scarcity can help raise awareness about this pressing issue and promote solutions for sustainable water management. To help get you started, here are 115 water scarcity essay topic ideas and examples:

• The causes and impacts of water scarcity in developing countries.
• The role of agriculture in water scarcity.
• The effects of climate change on water availability.
• The importance of water conservation in addressing water scarcity.
• The challenges of access to clean drinking water in urban areas.
• The impact of water scarcity on food security.
• The role of technology in addressing water scarcity.
• The politics of water scarcity in transboundary river basins.
• The economic costs of water scarcity.
• The relationship between population growth and water scarcity.
• The role of gender in water scarcity.
• The impact of water scarcity on ecosystems.
• The connection between energy production and water scarcity.
• The role of corporations in exacerbating water scarcity.
• The importance of water rights in addressing water scarcity.
• The impact of pollution on water scarcity.
• The role of desalination in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of virtual water trade for water scarcity.
• The role of indigenous knowledge in water management.
• The impact of conflict on water scarcity.
• The challenges of water scarcity in arid regions.
• The role of government policies in addressing water scarcity.
• The impact of deforestation on water availability.
• The relationship between water scarcity and health.
• The implications of water scarcity for social inequality.
• The role of education in promoting water conservation.
• The impact of urbanization on water scarcity.
• The role of NGOs in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for human rights.
• The impact of groundwater depletion on water scarcity.
• The role of traditional water management systems in addressing water scarcity.
• The relationship between water scarcity and migration.
• The impact of dams on water availability.
• The implications of water scarcity for indigenous communities.
• The role of international cooperation in addressing water scarcity.
• The impact of water scarcity on tourism.
• The challenges of water scarcity in coastal regions.
• The role of wastewater reuse in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for peace and security.
• The impact of water scarcity on economic development.
• The role of water pricing in promoting water conservation.
• The relationship between water scarcity and climate refugees.
• The implications of water scarcity for sustainable development.
• The impact of water scarcity on rural communities.
• The role of traditional water harvesting techniques in addressing water scarcity.
• The challenges of water scarcity in mountainous regions.
• The implications of water scarcity for biodiversity.
• The impact of water scarcity on cultural practices.
• The role of water governance in addressing water scarcity.
• The relationship between water scarcity and land degradation.
• The implications of water scarcity for food sovereignty.
• The impact of water scarcity on freshwater ecosystems.
• The challenges of water scarcity in small island developing states.
• The role of water conservation in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for global health.
• The impact of water scarcity on water quality.
• The relationship between water scarcity and energy security.
• The role of community-based water management in addressing water scarcity.
• The challenges of water scarcity in megacities.
• The implications of water scarcity for disaster risk reduction.
• The impact of water scarcity on sanitation.
• The role of water efficiency in addressing water scarcity.
• The relationship between water scarcity and conflict resolution.
• The implications of water scarcity for sustainable agriculture.
• The impact of water scarcity on freshwater fish stocks.
• The challenges of water scarcity in river deltas.
• The role of water recycling in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for public health.
• The impact of water scarcity on aquatic ecosystems.
• The relationship between water scarcity and food waste.
• The role of water conservation technologies in addressing water scarcity.
• The challenges of water scarcity in remote regions.
• The implications of water scarcity for cultural heritage.
• The impact of water scarcity on traditional livelihoods.
• The relationship between water scarcity and climate resilience.
• The role of green infrastructure in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for disaster response.
• The impact of water scarcity on waterborne diseases.
• The challenges of water scarcity in conflict-affected areas.
• The role of water education in promoting water conservation.
• The relationship between water scarcity and gender equality.
• The implications of water scarcity for sustainable tourism.
• The impact of water scarcity on aquatic biodiversity.
• The challenges of water scarcity in peri-urban areas.
• The role of rainwater harvesting in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for environmental justice.
• The impact of water scarcity on water rights.
• The relationship between water scarcity and social cohesion.
• The role of water-sensitive urban design in addressing water scarcity.
• The challenges of water scarcity in indigenous territories.
• The implications of water scarcity for climate adaptation.
• The impact of water scarcity on water-related hazards.
• The relationship between water scarcity and disaster preparedness.
• The role of community resilience in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for water-related conflicts.
• The impact of water scarcity on water distribution.
• The challenges of water scarcity in informal settlements.
• The role of water diplomacy in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for sustainable energy.
• The impact of water scarcity on water-related infrastructure.
• The relationship between water scarcity and water governance.
• The role of traditional ecological knowledge in addressing water scarcity.
• The challenges of water scarcity in marginalized communities.
• The implications of water scarcity for water equity.
• The impact of water scarcity on water security.
• The relationship between water scarcity and water sovereignty.
• The role of transboundary water agreements in addressing water scarcity.
• The implications of water scarcity for water quality standards.
• The impact of water scarcity on water supply chains.
• The challenges of water scarcity in refugee camps.
• The role of water ethics in promoting water conservation.
• The implications of water scarcity for water resilience.
• The impact of water scarcity on water vulnerability.
• The relationship between water scarcity and water stress.
• The role of water technology in addressing water scarcity.

In conclusion, writing an essay on water scarcity can help raise awareness about this critical issue and promote solutions for sustainable water management. By exploring these 115 water scarcity essay topic ideas and examples, you can contribute to the global conversation on water scarcity and help drive positive change for future generations.

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• Essay on Water

Essay On Water Scarcity

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Water , World , Africa , Development , Management , People , Community , Study

Words: 2500

Published: 10/29/2021

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Water scarcity, especially a scarcity of freshwater, is an increasingly disconcerting international issue, especially in Africa. This problem is caused by both natural and anthropological. Scientists primarily fault humans for the trends that are currently taking place, especially in developing areas on the African continent. Population growth, buttressed by unsustainable anthropological activities such as the pollution of freshwater sources as well as environmental exploitation are often viewed as the primary culprits. Demographic shifts including an exponential population growth demands that people use more water for food, the production of commodities, sanitation, different dietary needs, and other domestic uses within the context of modernity such as hydro-energy. Combined with increasing population density, global warming, which has merely exacerbated global inequalities, has combined with technological advancements and economic resources and resulted in a dystopia. Such activities have spawned a scarcity of water in areas such as sub-Sahara Africa, which is one of the most exploited areas in which the available water is shrinking at an exponential rate. Scientists have estimated that seventeen countries in the African region will, by the year 2025, have an annual water availability of one thousand metes per year. Water scarcity indeed has become a quotidian problem that has been attributed to commencing violent reactions from populations that suffer from it due to the negative affects of water scarcity. As such, water scarcity has emerged as one of the most critical issues in the contemporary world and functions as a barometer for the forging of political relationships between the developing and the developed worlds. Within scholarly circles, the end of the Cold War during the twentieth century from a global perspective marked the inception of the “(re)emergence of the so-called water discourse as a distinct and highly topical field of practical and scholarly concern” (du Plessis 9). Water scarcity indeed induces a level of politically and socially-motivated violence on a regular basis due to the environmental necessity of water within functioning and healthy societies (Gleditsch et al. 361). The causal nexus between interstate conflict and water scarcity underscores how water rather than oil presents the natural resource and necessity in the future that poses the greatest threat to social cohesions and threatens to tear struggling societies asunder. Ismail Seageldin, the vice president for the World Bank’s Environmentally Sustainable Development, promulgated that water rather oil would by the underlying cause for wars over the next one hundred years. The development of hydro politics has emerged as a formative feature of the national security agenda for a litany of countries including Israel, Egypt, and other countries in the Arab world. Although the field of water studies is quite expansive, exploring the field of research within the African context at the interstate level serves as a microcosm for water scarcity throughout the world. The diffusion of water discourses has fomented the academic and intellectual curiosity of many regarding how water scarcity at the interstate level has been studied within scientific and academic epistemologies. Macro comparative studies, case studies, historical inquiries, and other forms of academic research has spawned a litany of ironic and often contrasting conclusions regarding water scarcity from theoretical and methodological perspectives. A general consensus has been reached that is relevant to any intellectual analysis of the water scarcity problem: water scarcity around the world is exponentially increasing and will have herculean effects in the near future if it is not addressed. Moreover, they had generally concluded that the notion of immanent water wars will never materialize. This conclusion however was derived from the reality that violent conflicts and armed violence have occurred at the interstate level over water in conjunction with other root causes. As such, exponentially increasing water scarcity has emerged as an independent variable that will determine certain outcomes in the future, which include but are not exclusive to cooperation, conflict, of the coexistence of both within social and political contexts. Scholarly studies have revealed how rising levels of water scarcity within national and international contexts pose the potential to spawn explosive and violent conflicts. Climate change has largely been blamed for water scarcity within contemporary standards. Shifting patterns of rainfall have directly affected agricultural practices, which has reduced food security, decreased the amount of fish resources in lakes due to escalating temperature levels, caused paradigm shifts in diseases such as yellow fever and malaria that are vector borne, caused rising sea levels, worsened water security, and enhanced water stress in areas that are demarked by endemic and chronic poverty. Africa depends on agriculture produced by predictable rainfall patterns, which is why water scarcity directly impacts diffuse poverty levels that have cause violent disruptions and tensions over water, According to various scholars studying water scarcity and water resource management, the management of water resources has traversed four different approaches or dominant paradigms over the past two centuries. Currently, a fifth paradigm has been deployed, according to T. Allan. These paradigms, according to Allan, are as follows: pre-modern, industrial modern, late modern or green, late modern economic, and currently, late modern institutional and political. This fifth paradigm is emblematic of the practices, policies, and discourses articulated by the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), which has emerged as a contentious departure from traditional water discourses regarding the way that water resources should be managed around the globe (Allan 11). IWRM is considered a holistic approach to water management that deploys certain practices predicated on a diffuse range of principles that addresses the fundamental resource of water in all of its stages and forms in order to best manage and sustain it for all consumers and users. According to the National Water Resources Strategy in South Africa during 2004, “Freshwater is a complex ecological system tat has a number of dimensions. Surface water, groundwater, quantity and quality are all linked in a continuous cycle-the hydrological cycle—of rainfall, runoff from the land, infiltration into the ground, and evaporation from the surface back into the atmosphere. Each component may influence the other components and each must therefore be managed” (DWAF, as cited in Noemdoe et al. 771). Different renderings of water in all of its form starkly deviate from past approaches to water management which were mainly focused on both storing and diverting surface water resources—which constituted the second paradigm discussed by era when dam building was one of the main activities within water resource management—which underscores both the institutional and political facets of water resource management and explains why practice have hitherto been “unsustainable, inefficient, and inequitable” (772). Noemdoe et al. conducted a comprehensive case study of the rural community in South African known as Genadendal Village, which spans 4820 hectares of land in a small municipality located near Cape Town, South Africa at the foot of the Riviersonderend Mountains. Often referred to as the “valley of the grace,” Genadendal Village and its denizens mainly rely on surface water taken from a litany of nearby rivers and streets in the Baviannskloof and Riviersondered areas. While the majority of the surface water is taken from local water streams, the denizens of the rural community also retain collective access to a particular pumping allocation from the Theewaterskloof Irrigation schemata for a fixed rate per day (Noemdoe et al. 772). Considerations of the high-value, fertile, irrigable land and agricultural areas were also taken into consideration of this scientific study. The authors concluded that perceived water scarcity in the region is based on false pretenses. As such, the management of water resources in the region has gone through three sequential phases with regards to the infrastructure, institutional and social responses to the problem. A dialogue between the denizens and the stakeholders must remain in order to create a consensus at the local level with regards to how water resources are allotted and utilized within the local community (777). Such local approaches to water resources management has emerged as the primary mode of combating the problem of water scarcity in areas such as South Africa. Scholars underscore the necessity for the masses to fully comprehend the relative notion of water scarcity in order for the problem to be adequately addressed at both the local and interstate levels. Despite popular perceptions that South Africa is barren, rural communities such as Genadendal Village are endowed with certain natural resources that remain untapped and thus contribute to the perception of water scarcity living in rural villages as well as of scholars studying the problem of global water depletion. Genadendal community has invested in various feasibility studies on water scarcity due to its chronic poverty despite the fact that it is well endowed with natural resources and a favorable economic climate within a legislative and policy environment that is not rigid (Noemdoe et al. 777). Such observations illuminate the social dimensions of the concept of water scarcity, which is gleaned from the conclusion that transcending the problem of seasonal water scarcity necessitates both political and economic interventions as much as if not more than the construction of infrastructural facilitators such as damns and other hydroelectric facilities (778). Unfortunately, scholars and stakeholders alike have rendered the issue of water scarcity as based on notions about whether there is a sufficient supply of water or not. In order for water to rectify chronic poverty in African regions, the discourse on water in Africa must change and focus on the constructive nature of water scarcity that has indeed been manufactured rather than proven. Sub-Saharan African regions lack the social capital and agency within the global community-especially at the political level—to manage water effectively. According to various global water shortage initiatives, access to clean water vastly improves many necessary arenas in contemporary life in Africa. Education is enhanced because when students do not have to spend their days searching for and gathering water, as they have ample time to attend class and devote to studying. Access to safe and sanitary latrines also enables African girls to stay in school throughout their adolescence and teenage years. Additionally, access to safe water directly results in greater food security because there is far less crop loss. Moreover, schools retain the ability to feed its students by growing crops on student-run gardens, which greatly reduces food costs. Safe water also enhances human health because it leads to more sanitary conditions and clean hands. Time is often loss when sickness is prevalent, so the reduction of water-borne illnesses enables people to attend school and work more, which facilitates their efforts of supporting themselves and “lifting themselves out of poverty,” a notion that is in line with the self-help discourses so prevalent in the developed world today (“Global Water Shortage”). Ultimately, access to clean water breaks the cycle of poverty that has pervaded Africa for centuries, as it allows burgeoning communities to grow and thrive. The dry ecology that characterizes sub-Saharan Africa renders it naturally difficult to find and gather water. In some areas, there is merely a critical need to tap into ground water sources in order to sustain life in the region. As such, various initiatives and non-profit organizations have developed in order to assist in providing people living in those areas access to clear water who would suffer without it. Interestingly, water discourses range in an idiosyncratic fashion according to the scholars involved in their creation. The concept of water scarcity itself has indeed emerged as a relative concept, which is underscored in the case of South Africa as one of the primary locales that faces the possibility of severe water scarcity in the near future (Noemdoe et al. 771). According to African scholars who live in South Africa, “water resources management regime has shifted from focusing almost exclusively on augmenting supply to one where ensuring access, equity, and sustainability are an integral part of the process” (771). As such, perceptions of water scarcity are critical, especially in the rural communities of South Africa because of the nexus between poverty and access to an adequate and safe water supply for drinking and food preparation. The World Health organization (WHO) as well as the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) have taken great efforts to define the problem of water scarcity in Africa and the need to ensure that Africans have access to safe drinking water. Statistics gathered in 2006 revealed that although over thirty percent of nations around the globe suffered from the depletion of clean water, sub-Saharan Africa yielded the greatest number of local communities and nations that were stressed for clean water resources. Scholars approximated that over three hundred million people living in these regions were subject to water scarcity. In 2012, scholars and scientists gathered as a conference on the issues and challenges presented by water scarcity in Africa and estimated that within the next two decades, over two hundred and fifty million people living in areas marred by water scarcity will be displaced and/or forced to live in conditions that are rendered unlivable by contemporary standards (“Conference on Water Scarcity in Africa”). Developing nations such as those located in Africa in conjunction with global warming and other demographic trends have strained diplomatic relations between countries at the micro and macro levels. Countries have in the past attempted to resolve disputes over water through diplomacy and negotiation, However, many scholars point to increasing aggression and strain over access to clean water, which portends an escalation of violence at the interstate level. Indeed, Africa has historically and remains susceptible to the potential for national conflicts over water, which has been separated into four distinct regions: Volta, Nile, Niger, and Zambezi regional basis. All of these rivers run through regions and have in the parts spared various episodes of unrest and national conflicts. Clean and safe drinking water today is scarce, as nearly one billion people who reside in the developing Third World lack access to a reliable water source. However, those living in the United States and other First World countries take clean and safe drinking water for granted, which is evident in the high rates of people purchasing water in small bottles for a lot of money. Although it sounds cliché, water forms the basis of human life, yet people around the globe continue to spend hours on end searching for it just to survive. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the areas in which the global water shortage is the most poignant, as time is spent and lost father and searching for water, moreover, waterborne diseases have curtailed the potential and capacity of the people who live in the area, as sickness spawns adverse consequence including stunted economic development. Such unnecessary suffering yielded by water scarcity must be ended with the help of the First World immediately.

Works Cited

Allan, T. “IWRM/IWRAM: a new sanctioned discourse?” SOAS Water Issues Study Group, School of Oriental andAfrican Studies/Kings College University of London, 2003. Du Plessis, A. “Charting the Course of Water Discourse Through the Fog of International Relations Theory,” in H. Solomon and T. Anthony, Water Wars: Enduring Myth or Impending Reality, Africa Dialogue Monograph Series No. 2 (9-34). Durban: Creda Communications, 2000. Print. Gleditsch, N.P., Furloong, K., Hegre, H., Lacina, B., and T. Owen. “Conflicts Over Shared Rivers: Resource Scarcity or Fuzzy Boundaries?” Political Geography 25(2006): 361-382. Print.. "Global Water Shortage: Water Scarcity & The Importance of Water." The Water Project. Web. 28 Apr. 2015. http://thewaterproject.org/water_scarcity Noemdoe, S., L. Jonker, and L.A. Swatuk. “Perceptions of Water Scarcity: The Case of Genadendal and Oustations.” Physics and Chemistry of Earth 31(2006): 771-778. Print.

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Essay on Water Conservation: Samples in 150, 200, 250 Words

• Updated on  
• Oct 17, 2023

What makes you curious to write an essay on water conservation? This life-saving resource is essential for all forms of life on Earth. Water is the essential natural resource present on Earth. Out of the total water present on Earth, 97.5% is salt water and 2.5% is fresh water. 70% of the human body is made of water. But, with the growing population , and climatic crisis , we are facing the urgent need to conserve water.

Water conservation is a hot topic, if you need a sample essay on water conservation then, you are at the right place. In this blog post, we have covered essays on water conservation in 100, 200, and 250 words. So, stay tuned and read further to get some ideas about water conservation!

This Blog Includes:

Essay on water conservation in 100 words, essay on water conservation in 200 words, water scarcity, ways to conserve water.

Also Read: World Water Day

Water is crucial for all components of life which makes it a necessary resource for day-to-day activities. We use water for domestic activities like cooking, bathing, drinking, washing, etc. So, ultimately the consumption of water is very high. This makes it necessary to conserve water. Just as air, water is also important for life. Besides, water consumption, water pollution, and water scarcity are also some of the major water-related issues that need attention so that we can conserve water.

Every year we celebrate World Water Day on 22 March. This day is celebrated to spread awareness about the importance of water and run campaigns to conserve water on Earth. There are several ways to conserve water such as switching to showers, turning off taps when not in use, don’t pollute water bodies, storing rainwater, etc.

Also Read: Essay on Water Pollution

Water is one of the Earth’s most precious resources. But the world is facing water scarcity. As per the SDA report 2022, around 2 billion people worldwide are lacking safe drinking water. This means they are more vulnerable to diseases and unhealthy life. 

Apart from the increasing population, climatic change is also hampering the quality of water. Floods and Droughts are more frequent due to the vulnerability of climate, thereby increasing the need to conserve water.

Water conservation is vital to meet the growing global demand for fresh water. Water consumption is very high for agriculture, industry, and households. By conserving water, we can ensure that there is a surplus amount of water to use and avoid conflicts over this limited resource.

Water conservation helps to maintain a balance in the ecosystem because every living thing on this planet is directly associated with the use of water. Reducing water consumption reduces the energy footprint associated with water supply.

The best ways of water conservation are rainwater harvesting , installing water plants, reusing water for gardening purposes, turning off taps when not in use, proper irrigation, installing automatic tap shut-off devices, not polluting water sources, and many more.

If we don’t want to witness the world die due to water scarcity then, it’s high time to conserve water and save the planet and future generations.

Also Read: Essay on Save Water

Also Read: Speech on Save Water

Water Conservation Essay 250 Words

Water conservation is a crucial step in protecting the environment. It is an important compound that supports life on Earth. The world has been facing water-related disasters due to scarcity of freshwater. 70% of the earth as well as the human body is composed of water, but there is a limited amount of freshwater to use. Owing to the ever-increasing population, climatic changes, global warming, and pollution, the need for the conservation of water is increasing. To do so, it is our fundamental duty to conserve water by planting more trees, managing water plants, storing rainwater, and making smart use of water. 

Water scarcity is a critical global issue that needs strict attention when the demand for freshwater exceeds the available supply of water. It can manifest in various ways, including a lack of access to clean drinking water, inadequate water for agriculture and industrial processes, and stressed or depleted natural water sources. 

Here are some factors that contribute to water scarcity:

• Climate change
• Growing population
• Global warming
• Inefficient water management
• Water pollution
• Increasing demand
• Poor irrigation techniques
• Wastage of water, and much more.

Conserving water is crucial to help address water scarcity and ensure a sustainable water supply for both present and future generations. You can contribute individually by taking small measures to conserve water like turning off the tap. Likewise, here are some ways to conserve water:

• Drip irrigation technique
• Soil management
• Plantation of drought-tolerant crops
• Apply Mulching
• Recycle and reuse water
• Rainwater harvesting
• Desalination
• Spread awareness to conserve water
• Donate to the water cleaning campaign
• Implement proper water management techniques.

Also Read: Types of Water Pollution

Related Articles:

Water conservation is the individual or collective practice of efficient use of water. This helps in protecting the earth from the situation of water scarcity. We can individually contribute to water conservation by not wasting water, reducing the over-consumption of water, rainwater harvesting, etc. Water conservation is an important call because there is a limited amount of fresh water available on earth.

Here are 10 ways to save water. 1. Rainwater harvesting 2 Install water plants 3. Reuse water 4. Maintain proper water management plans 5. Fix the irrigation system 6. Use a bucket 7. Turn off the tap when not in use 8. Keep a regular check on pipe leakage 9. Do not pollute water bodies 10. Participate in water cleaning campaigns

Here are 5 points on the importance of water conservation: It helps the ecosystem; Water conservation is necessary for drought-prone areas; It helps reduce costs; Water conservation improves the quality of water; and Maintains the health of the aquatic ecosystem.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu .

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Essay on water scarcity 2 models

Last updated Friday , 15-03-2024 on 10:53 am

Essay on water scarcity, this topic is one of the vital topics that concern the whole world. It is known that water is the primary reason for the continuation of life on Earth. Water is the origin of the existence of various living organisms. And if the creatures do not find any source of fresh water nearby, they lose their lives without any benefit. That is why developed countries and others are trying to solve the problem of water scarcity, which causes the death of life.

Essay on water scarcity 

When humans find any source of water, they live near it, and that is why we find great civilizations based near freshwater rivers.

In an article on water scarcity, we will get acquainted closely with the problem of water scarcity that a large number of the Earth’s population suffers from.

Although there are huge amounts of water on the planet, humans have not been able to exploit this water well.

Water on planet earth

There are large quantities of water on the planet, as it is estimated at about 70% of the Earth’s surface. But not all water is fresh and suitable for drinking and for purposes useful to humans.

A large proportion of this water is salty seas and oceans. As for fresh water, not everyone can reach it because of its distance from where they are. Humans may live in dry and desert places, where there is no water except groundwater.

Why does water scarcity occur?

There are several reasons for the problem of water scarcity, as humans cause it unintentionally or consciously. And there are some natural causes that humans have nothing to do with, but they are forced to live with and accept them.

And due to the continuous increase in the number of people, finding fresh water has become one of the difficult issues that a large number of people face.

That is why many of them resort to emigration or to dig the ground for the purpose of extracting groundwater. I will write in the essay on water scarcity about the impact of population increase on the water problem.

Overpopulation and ignorance

The greater the number of people in different parts of the world, the less water resources that meet the needs of all these numbers. When a village near a small river had about a hundred people, the water was enough for them. But if the numbers multiply to reach 100,000, the water will not be enough.

In addition to the increase in the population, ignorance plays a major role in wasting water. Where all the population lives randomly and without understanding. When they waste water on a daily basis, they unintentionally eliminate their available water source.

Waste of water on a daily basis

One of the ugly habits of the residents is that they waste water continuously. Human beings are accustomed to seeing that water will never run out, which is why they enjoy using it and squandering it during all their daily activities.

When we walk down the street, we find people throwing water on the ground. And in the homes, everyone opens the water taps forcefully and without the need for all this amount that is being wasted. Agriculture consumes large amounts of water, which results in less water available.

Pollution is the first cause of waste of fresh water, and in the essay on water scarcity, we will learn in detail the relationship between pollution and water scarcity.

When a person finds a river with fresh water, he must preserve it. But what actually happens is that humans dump waste of all kinds into freshwater sources. These wastes pollute the water and prevent people from using it again, wasting the source that supplies them with water.

Weather changes

When the pollution resulting from factory waste increases, and the pollution resulting from cars that burn fuel and turn it into black smoke full of harmful gasses. All this pollution affects the climate negatively and directly.

And when the climate is affected, there is a difference in temperature, which leads to freezing of fresh water or melting of ice. In both cases, water resources are wasted. When water freezes, humans cannot use it. When melting and flooding occur, the water is polluted with waste.

Disadvantages of water scarcity

Because of the great importance of water to humans and all living things, the negatives of its scarcity were serious.

Therefore, people must reconsider their view of the issue of water, and citizens must be made aware of the seriousness of the matter. It is important to talk in the essay on water scarcity about the negatives in detail.

The death of living organisms: When the water decreases, we find that certain numbers and types of organisms that make the balance on the planet have begun to become extinct.

This is because there is no clean source of water near their environment.

Water wars: Due to the scarcity of water, countries start conflicts and wars among themselves over the nearest water source. This conflict results in the killing of a number of people and the displacement of a large number of children and women.

Drinking contaminated water: When an organism feels very thirsty and cannot find a clean source of water, it drinks from any contaminated water it finds on its way. This polluted water causes serious diseases and death.

Famine and poverty: Water scarcity is the first reason people suffer from poverty and famine. This is due to the inability to cultivate, which leads to scarcity of crops. The lack of water makes industry stop, the economy collapses, and famine occurs.

Ways to conserve water

There must be several practical ways for humans to consume water while conserving it properly. These methods must be supervised by the scholars who are specialized in following them up and teaching them to people. In our essay on water scarcity, we will talk about it in detail.

Harvesting rainwater: Scientists teach people to collect rainwater in huge barrels to use for household purposes such as washing clothes and watering plants.

Water reuse: When water is used to wash vegetables, it is not right to throw it away. However, this water must be reused to irrigate the plants around the house.

Control the use of water: We must control the amount of water that we use to wash hands and teeth. We must connect a regulator that reduces the amount of water we use on a daily basis.

Taking a shower: If each person puts a large amount of water in the bathtub every time they take a shower.

It will waste a great deal of water. So a person should take a shower with a shower faucet.

Water harvesting

It is important to talk about water harvesting in the essay on water scarcity. Scientists have decided to collect the water that comes down during rain in certain seasons. This process is called water harvesting. There are several ways in which humans can collect water and use it when needed. Including the following:

Drainage on the roofs: where a drainage system is made on the roofs of the houses, so that the water collects and descends to be collected in a barrel or a huge tank next to the house.

Underground water collection: Water is connected underground with groundwater, and this is to collect the largest amount of it in order to be used when drought comes and water decreases.

We have finished writing an important topic, an essay on water scarcity. This topic deals with one of the most important things that people need on a daily basis. Water is the first and most important reason for the continuation of human life on Earth. Without water, neither humans nor living organisms will be able to live safely. That is why we must preserve water resources and not waste them.

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• Water presentation
• Rain water harvesting essay

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Water Scarcity — Water Shortage: A Global Crisis

Water Shortage: a Global Crisis

• Categories: Water Water Scarcity

About this sample

Words: 503 |

Published: Sep 12, 2023

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Table of contents

The causes of water shortage, the consequences of water scarcity, potential solutions and mitigation strategies, conclusion: preserving the blue gold.

• Water Conservation: Promoting water-saving practices in agriculture, industry, and households can significantly reduce demand. This includes adopting efficient irrigation methods, fixing leaks, and implementing water recycling systems.
• Improved Infrastructure: Developing better water infrastructure, including dams, reservoirs, and distribution networks, can help manage and distribute water more effectively.
• Desalination: Investing in desalination technology can provide a source of freshwater in coastal regions where seawater can be converted into potable water.
• Rainwater Harvesting: Encouraging rainwater harvesting at the household and community levels can provide an additional source of freshwater, particularly in areas with irregular rainfall patterns.
• Policy and Governance: Implementing effective water management policies, regulating water use, and promoting international cooperation in water management are essential steps toward sustainability.

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Essay on Water Scarcity

Water is one of our basic needs and what about when we will not have a drop of water. The way we are wasting water shows that the day is not far behind when there will be very little drinking water left on the planet. So, it is very necessary to save water which will also save us and our planet.

Short and Long Essays on Water Scarcity in English

Some unique essays here may help you to get a better understanding of the topic.

Water Scarcity Essay 10 Lines (100 – 150 Words)

1) Water is the essential requirement of every person.

2) Living things cannot survive without water.

3) Today, the world is facing shortage of water.

4) Growing population is one of the significant causes of water scarcity.

5) Deforestation, lack of water management, pollution, etc contributes to the lack of water.

6) Jal Shakti Abhiyan, Jal Jeevan Mission, etc schemes are initiated to conserve water in India.

7) Natural causes like global warming and climate change is also responsible for water scarcity.

8) Water scarcity also means the unavailability of freshwater in the surrounding.

9) Many people die or suffer dangerous diseases due to the consumption of polluted water.

10) In many places, people perform rainwater harvesting to collect rainwater.

Essay 1 (250 Words) – Facts about Water Scarcity

Introduction

The human body is made up of 60% of water, which is more than half. Can you imagine if your body needs so much water then what about other animals and plants? Definitely, the percentage will differ in all of them; still, you can see the importance of water. I can say that we will die without water. All of us know how important water is then why are we so careless and don’t follow any steps for saving water? I have brought some facts about water scarcity and hope will provoke you to take some steps in water conservation.

Some Facts about Water Scarcity

• Not only in India but across the world more than half a billion people face water scarcity for more than 6 months in a year.
• There are many best cities in the world that are running a shortage of water.
• Every person uses more than 90 gallons of water every day.
• There are more than thousands of wells, borewells, and ponds dried in India.
• More than 3 to 4 million people die every year just because of the consumption of polluted water.
• Less than 1% of Earth’s water is good for consumption and the percentage is decreasing day-by-day.
• More than a 100miilion people migrate due to drought as well as floods, every year.

The above data will definitely leave you thinking about the shortage of water. If you don’t face water shortage then you are blessed to live in a region where there is a required amount of water. But you should start taking some measures for water conservation; otherwise, soon there will be a day with no fresh source of drinking water on earth.

Essay 2 (400 Words) – Major Reasons for Water Scarcity

The world is continuously developing, we are developing and the nation is developing, development will be soon announced as the word of the decade. But all of us are so much concerned about developing ourselves that we have started neglecting some of our basic needs. Do you know what the important things we need to stay alive are? Of course, they are air, water, and food. We know the importance of these things still we care very less.

Reasons behind Water Scarcity

• Growing Population : It will be not wrong if I say that every year the population is growing in an uncontrolled manner. The growing population also requires enough food, water to live. So, the use of water has been increased in an uncontrolled way. The freshwater sources are very less as a comparison of the population and this is one of the major reasons behind water scarcity.
• Lack of Water Management System : There is no proper water management system in our country, especially in urban areas. We have bathrooms and whatever work we do the water goes in drains. There should be a different draining system so that we could reuse the water. Maximum kitchen wastewater can be recycled but due to improper water management systems, it is yet not possible for us. Apart from drainage, rainwater harvesting and other helpful factors are still red in books only. There are very few who apply those methods to save water.
• Deforestation : Plants not only gives us oxygen but also food and are also responsible for proper rain. They play a very important role and it has been measured that places with more plants have good rainfall in comparison to areas with fewer trees. When there will be proper rain there will be no scarcity of water. The growing industries and urbanization are the main reasons for deforestation.
• Dumping Waste : Most of the industries are constructed near riverside. Rivers are the major source of freshwater in India. These industries dump their waste in the river, not only industries but also human waste is dumped in rivers. As a result, they are polluted.

Everything needs care either it is air, water, or a relationship. We should always take care of our dear ones otherwise once you will lose them, it will be difficult for you to find it again. We cannot imagine life without water, not only humans, animals, plants, etc everyone needs water, still, we are so irresponsible. We should soon take some steps otherwise there will be a day when there will be no water to drink.

Essay 3 (500 – 600 Words) – Water Scarcity: Causes and How to Overcome it

Earth is known as a blue planet and today we are writing essays on the scarcity of water. Both are a bit contradictory but true. Although there is a lot of water on earth but very little to drink; a famous line of ‘The Rime of the Ancient Marine’ ‘Water-water everywhere but not a single drop to drink’ fits well. Which means there was water all around but was an ocean, which is salty in taste. The sailor in the poem was thirsty but was unable to drink the water around him. There are only 2 to 3% of freshwater sources on earth and the remaining is seawater.

Causes of Water Scarcity

There are different reasons behind water scarcity and I have mentioned them below:

• Global Warming : It is one of the major reasons for many problems like pollution, a rise in temperature, water scarcity, etc. Due to global warming, the icebergs are continuously melting due to the increase in temperature. These icebergs are melting into the sea and as a result, the salty water is increasing day by day instead of freshwater sources.
• Climate Change : There is a drastic decrease in the percentage of rainfall these days, which has directly affected our water bodies. Rain is one of the best sources of freshwater. We harvest rainwater and use it in multiple ways but due to the change in climate sometimes we face drought whereas sometimes we also face floods.
• Reduced Ground Water : Due to the increased population and excess extraction of groundwater many water bodies like well, lakes have dried. Their number is decreasing day-by-day. At first, it was seen in urban areas but now a day’s villages are also facing this issue. And if groundwater is available somewhere it is polluted.
• Pollution : We don’t care much about our rivers and lakes that is because we throw our waste in rivers. The very first thing is there is no water and what so ever is available we have polluted it. The very best example is the Yamuna River. It is nothing more than a drain now.

How to Overcome Water Scarcity

Our government has developed many plans for water conservation as I have mentioned some of them below:

• Jal Shakti Abhiyan : For the conservation of rainwater and proving fresh water to everyone. To conduct various camps to teach people the importance of water.
• Atal Bhujal Yojana : This is made for protecting the dying water bodies like wells, ponds, etc which also focus on the groundwater management system.
• Jal Jeevan Mission : This scheme is to focus on water availability in the urban and local areas. And they also focus on the management of household wastewater for agricultural purposes.
• Interlinking the Rivers : There is some Plateau river that dries in summers as a result people in that area face a lot of water scarcity. They are especially found in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, etc. So, to avoid drying these rivers there is a plan of interlinking the rivers. With the help of these rivers across the nation are interlinking and this has also reduced the water scarcity in summers in some special areas.
• Water ATM : Nowadays these water ATMs are quite famous; they will give you a liter or a glass of water as per your requirement. These machines are customized in such a way that they won’t let extra water to fall. This helps to reduce the wastage of water, especially on the railway stations and public areas.
• Rain Water Basins : Nowadays the government is concentrating on harvesting rainwater and big basins are made in villages and outer areas to save rainwater. These water basins are helpful in many ways. They increase the groundwater; they are also helpful in agriculture and in many other ways.

It is not only the government to bring such policies, but we should also follow some important measures and should not wastewater. Use if needed otherwise just off the tap and focus on saving water. Otherwise soon there will be a day when we will keep water in our safety lockers.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Ans . Underground water is the biggest source of drinking water on earth.

Ans . There is only 2.5% of freshwater present on the earth.

Ans . Yemen is the country facing the highest water scarcity in the world.

Ans . The biggest source of water in India is the river Ganga.

Ans . The major factors responsible for water scarcity are climate change, increased pollution and population, and excess use of water.

Ans . Brazil is the country in the world that has the highest water resources.

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Essay Writing on Water Pollution in English for Students | Water Pollution English Essay

Essay on water pollution in english.

Introduction: Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water bodies like rivers, lakes, oceans and groundwater mainly caused by human activities. Water pollution degrades the quality of water making it unfit for use. It is a serious issue that affects the health of people, animals, and the environment.

Causes: Water pollution is caused by various factors, including dumping of industrial waste in water bodies, sewage discharge, agricultural runoff carrying pesticides and fertilizers, deforestation, plastic waste and oil spills from ships. Surprisingly, more than 80% of sewage in developing countries is discharged untreated, leading to contamination of water sources.

Effects: Water pollution has harmful effects on human health and environment. It can cause diseases like diarrhea, cholera, and skin infections in people who drink or come into contact with contaminated water. It also disrupts ecosystems, harming fish and other aquatic animals. Additionally, polluted water reduces the availability of safe drinking water, leading to water scarcity.

Prevention : To stop water pollution, it is important to treat sewage before discharge. Governments must make rules to stop pollution and promote eco-friendly practices. People can help by using less plastic, saving water, and avoiding harmful chemicals.

To sum up, water pollution is a serious environmental problem. By reducing pollution and protecting our water resources, we can create a cleaner and healthier environment for all.

India’s Water Crisis – How to Solve it?

From Current Affairs Notes for UPSC » Editorials & In-depths » This topic

Water is the most valuable natural resource as it is essential for human survival and life on earth. However, the availability of freshwater for human consumption is highly under stress because of a variety of factors. This crisis of water scarcity is most visible in India as well as in other developing countries.

This topic of “India’s Water Crisis – How to Solve it?” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

What is water scarcity?

• Water scarcity is the lack of freshwater resources to satisfy water demand.
• It is manifested by partial or no satisfaction of expressed demand, economic competition for water quantity or quality, disputes between users, irreversible groundwater depletion, and negative effects on the environment.
• It affects every continent and was categorised in 2019 by the World Economic Forum as one of the largest global risks with respect to its potential impact over the next decade.
• One-third of the global population (2 billion people) live under situations of severe water scarcity at least one month of the year.
• Half a billion people in the world affected by severe water scarcity all year round.
• Half of the world’s largest cities have been facing water scarcity.

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How is the water scarcity measured?

• The absolute minimum water requirement for domestic usage is 50 litres per person per day, though 100-200 litres is often recommended.
• Considering the needs of agriculture, industry and energy sectors, the recommended minimum annual per capita requirement is about 1700 cubic meters .
• If a country like India has only about 1700 cu. meters water per person per year, it will experience only occasional or local water distress .
• If the availability falls below this threshold level, the country will start to experience periodic or regular water stress .
• If the water availability declines below 1000 cu. meters, the country will suffer from chronic water scarcity . Lack of water will then start to severely affect human health and well-being as well as economic development.
• If the annual per capita supply declines below 500 cu. meters, the country will reach the stage of absolute scarcity .

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What is the status of water availability in India?

• India receives 4000 bcm (billion cubic metres) rainfall each year. Out of this, 1869 bcm remains after evaporation = The actual availability is only 1137 bcm.
• Even in that 1137 bcm of water, there is a lot of temporal as well as regional variations in the availability.
• For instance, on the one side, there are water surplus states such as Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and on the other side, there are water scarce states such as Maharashtra (Vidarbha, Beed), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat.
• Moreover, some states that are known to be water abundant such as Punjab, Haryana have their own issues.

What is the magnitude of the water crisis in India?

• Currently, the annual availability of water is 1123 bcm in India and the demand is around 750 bcm. However, by 2050 the annual demand for water will be 1180 bcm which will exceed the water availability = wide ramifications for the country.
• 70% of India’s water is contaminated.
• 75% of households do not have drinking water on its premises.
• 84% of rural households do not have access to piped water.
• 54% of the country’s groundwater is declining rapidly than it is being replenished.
• India’s water table is declining in most regions. Also, there is a presence of toxic elements like fluoride, arsenic, mercury, even uranium in our groundwater.
• Water levels in India’s major reservoirs have fallen to 21% of the average of the last decade.
• Hundreds of small and seasonal rivers are perishing permanently.
• Almost all the major perennial rivers remain stagnant.
• Cauvery and its tributaries haven’t met the ocean for decades; the upstream dams choke its flows downstream, affecting people in Tamil Nadu.
• Krishna river runs dry in her delta region for most of the year.
• According to NITI Aayog’s water quality index, India ranks 120 th among 122 countries.

What is the recent water crisis in India?

• Maharashtra is facing a water crisis of unprecedented proportions. After years of drought, the river currents have ebbed, water in dams and reservoirs have depleted and over-exploitation of groundwater has raised concerns regarding the long-term availability of water.
• Meanwhile, media reports claim IT firms in Chennai are asking employees to work from home. The reason is that they don’t have enough water to sustain their operations. It hasn’t rained for almost 200 days in the city and it may not get adequate rain to get over the water crisis for the next 3 months.
• In North India, the people of arid Thar Desert of Rajasthan are spending Rs. 2500 for getting 2500 litres of water which they share with their cattle.
• With Punjab facing the threat of desertification and the state struggling to break away from the wheat-paddy cycle, farmers in the state have been adopting a decade-old scheme to utilise underground pipeline system for irrigation.
• In light of this crisis, Central government on its part has created a Jal Shakti Ministry under a full-fledged cabinet minister to resolve the water crisis but a lot more needs to be done.

What are the reasons for this crisis?

Monsoon dependence:.

There is a huge dependence on monsoon rains to replenish most of India’s important water sources such as underground aquifers, lakes, rivers, and reservoirs . But monsoon is vulnerable to factors such as climate change, El-Nino , etc.

Uneven distribution of water and Rainfall pattern :

Certain regions have surplus amounts of water for their need while others face perennial droughts for most of the year. For instance, Drought is a recurrent phenomenon in Andhra Pradesh where no district is entirely free of droughts. Rajasthan is one of the most drought-prone areas of India.

Increasing demand :

Population growth, industrialization, rapid urbanisation, rising needs of irrigation and increase in domestic water usage have accelerated the demand for water. Since urbanization increases in India at a rapid pace = water demand will increase rapidly as city dwellers consume more water than rural people.

Urbanisation & Water scarcity:

• Currently, about 285 million or 33% of India’s total population resides in urban areas. By 2050 this figure will reach 50%.
• Rapid urbanisation is adding to the water scarcity issue in the country.
• Presence of buildings, tar, and cement roads = even if a city like Mumbai gets good rains, the rainwater is not retained in the area as the water is not allowed to percolate underground.
• Therefore, water required for cities is largely drawn from neighbouring villages and far-off rivers and lakes = threatening the availability in those areas.
• Large cities also generate large quantities of urban sewage which pollutes the freshwater sources and ocean waters. However, only about 20% of urban wastewater is currently treated globally. In India, the figure is even lower.

Overexploitation :

• In developing countries like India, groundwater fulfills nearly 80% of irrigation requirement = resulted in a fast depletion of groundwater sources.
• Free power and inefficient utilisation of water by farmers has added to the issue of groundwater depletion.
• The groundwater and sand extraction from most river beds and basins has turned unsustainable.
• Tanks and ponds are encroached upon.
• Dug-wells and borewells are carelessly built to slide deeper and deeper to suck water from greater depths.

Shift to cash-crops:

Water is being diverted from food crops to cash crops that consume an enormous quantity of water.

Inefficient cultivation practices:

• In India, around 70% of the population is still dependent on agriculture for its livelihood.
• Since the adoption of Green Revolution in the 1960s, nearly 50% of the food production comes from irrigated land.
• But inefficient cultivation practices have led to the flooding of fertile land which in turn has caused salinization, siltation of reservoirs, etc = causing groundwater reserves of major agricultural states to be depleted at an alarming rate.

Water Pollution :

• Release of industrial and domestic waste, including urban sewage, into rivers, lakes, and estuaries has polluted freshwater sources at an alarming rate in India = those fresh water sources are not fit for drinking or other activities.
• Eutrophication of surface water and coastal zones is expected to increase almost everywhere leads to nitrogen pollution .

What are the impacts of the water crisis?

Economic growth: A Niti Aayog report predicted that water demand will be twice the present supply by 2030 and India could lose up to 6% of its GDP during that time.

Power supply: Water shortages are hurting India’s capacity to generate electricity because 40% of thermal power plants are located in areas where water scarcity is high.

Agricultural crisis: Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on monsoon (not dependable) + Ineffective agricultural practices in irrigated areas = Water stress in agriculture = Poor Cultivation = Farmer suicides .

Drinking water scarcity: Not only farmers are affected by the water crisis, urban dwellers in cities and towns across India are also facing a never seen before drinking water scarcity.

Conflicts over water : In India, there are conflicts between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over sharing of Cauvery waters, between Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh over sharing of Narmada waters, between Andhra Pradesh and Telangana over sharing of Krishna waters, etc.

What are the measures taken by the government?

Across the country, states are taking the lead:.

• In Rajasthan, there is a scheme named ‘Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan’. One of its objectives is to facilitate effective implementation of water conservation and water harvesting related activities in rural areas.
• Maharashtra has launched a project called ‘Jalyukt-Shivar’, which seeks to make 5000 villages free of water scarcity every year.
• accelerating the development of minor irrigation infrastructure,
• strengthening community-based irrigation management and
• adopting a comprehensive programme for restoration of tanks.

Jal Shakti Abhiyan:

• It is a collaborative initiative of various Union Ministries and State Governments, being coordinated by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS).
• Focus Area: is water-stressed districts (256) and blocks (1592).
• Team: Central government officers, headed by joint secretaries and additional secretaries, are assigned to these 256 districts and district administration will also select 2 members to join the team. This team of officers from the central government and district administration will visit and work on water-stressed districts and blocks to ensure water conservation initiatives.
• The campaign is centered on 5 aspects
• Water conservation and rainwater harvesting
• Renovation of traditional and other water bodies/tanks
• Reuse of water and recharging of structures like bore well
• Watershed development
• Intensive afforestation
• Significance: With this initiative, the government seeks to provide drinking water to all households on a priority and in a sustainable way. It is also expected to bring a positive mindset in people for water conservation. The campaign will assist people to work for rainwater harvesting, maintenance, and upkeep of ponds and village tanks and conservation of water.

Jal Shakti Mantralaya

• The government has created a new Ministry named ‘Jal Shakti’after merging Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation with the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
• Providing clean drinking water,
• International and inter-states water disputes,
• Namami Gange project aimed at cleaning Ganga and its tributaries, and sub-tributaries.
• The ministry will launch the government’s ambitious plan (‘Nal se Jal’ scheme under jal jivan plan) to provide piped drinking water supply to every household in India by 2024.
• This Move seeks to consolidate the administration and bringing water-related issues such as conservation, development, management, and abatement of pollution under a single ministry.
• National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) is responsible for implementing the centrally sponsored national river conservation plan for all rivers across the country except river Ganga and its tributaries (as issues regarding Ganga and its tributaries are taken up by National Mission for Clean Ganga).

Jal Jeevan Mission *

Atal Bhujal Yojana *

•  It is a world bank funded central scheme that aims to improve groundwater management at the national level… Read More .

Can a new water ministry tackle the worst water crisis in Indian history?

• Experts are of the opinion that an exclusive ministry can only bring about a cosmetic but not a real change.
• Water is a state subject = Unless states make specific requests the centre cannot intervene.

What are the solutions to the water crisis in India?

Good water management practices :

• India receives adequate annual rainfall through the south-west monsoon. However, most regions of the country are still water deficient mainly because of inefficient water management practices.
• Rainwater harvesting should be encouraged on a large scale, especially, in cities where the surface runoff of rainwater is very high.
• Roof-top rainwater harvesting can also be utilised to recharge groundwater by digging percolation pits around the house and filling it with gravel.
• Indian cities need to learn from Cape Town of South Africa which when faced with the water crisis in 2018 had announced “ Day Zero “. During that day, water-taps in the city turned off = people had to use communal water-taps to conserve water. Restrictions on water use per person were also fixed.
• Since water is a state subject in India state governments should take active measures and create awareness for the minimal use of water.

Interlinking of rivers :

• Interlinking of rivers is a topic that has been discussed and debated for several years as a possible permanent solution to the water crisis in the country.
• The 3 primary advantages mentioned in favour of the scheme are (1) droughts will never occur (2) there will be no more floods in the major rivers and (3) an additional 30,000 MW of hydropower will be generated.

Coordination in aquifer usage: There is an urgent need for coordination among users for aquifers. There should be laws and contracts for sharing of aquifers. Groundwater aquifer mapping has started only recently in India which is a welcome step.

River basin authority: There should be a River Basin Authority for sharing information among states since most of the rivers in India pass through different states.

Coordinated efforts among states for management of groundwater at a localized level.

Community-level management: At the village level, there can be decentralized management of water at the community level.

Charging money for efficient use of water (like electricity). For example- Water ATMs at Marathwada provide water @25 paisa per litre a day.

Good Cultivation practices:

• Changing the cropping pattern, crop diversification and encouraging water use efficiency in agriculture by moving towards food crops from cash crops.
• Innovative farming practices like precision farming , zero budget natural farming , etc. could be employed for efficient water utilisation.

Incentive-based water conservation in rural parts of the water-stressed regions is another solution.

• For example, if a particular level of groundwater level is maintained, higher MSP can be provided to the farmers of that region.
• MSP can also be provided based on crop’s water usage = Crops that consume a high amount of water will get less MSP.

Way forward

India is not a water deficit country, but due to severe neglect and lack of monitoring of water resource development projects, many regions in the country face water stress from time to time. Therefore balancing water demand with available supply is the need of the hour for future economic growth and development as well as for the sustenance of human life.

New National Water Policy (NWP)

In November 2019, the Ministry of Jal Shakti had set up a committee to draft the new National Water Policy (NWP). This was the first time that the government asked a committee of independent experts to draft the policy.

Highlights of NWP

1) demand-side: diversification of public procurement operations.

• Irrigation utilizes 80-90% of India’s water , most of which is used by rice, wheat, and sugarcane.
• Therefore, crop diversification is the single most crucial step in addressing India’s water crisis.
• The policy recommends diversifying public procurement operations to include Nutri-cereals, pulses, and oilseeds.
• This would incentivize farmers to diversify their cropping patterns, resulting in huge savings of water.

2) Reduce-Recycle-Reuse

• Reduce-Recycle-Reuse has been suggested as the basic mantra of integrated urban water supply and wastewater management, with the treatment of sewage and eco-restoration of urban river stretches, as far as possible via decentralised wastewater management.
• All non-potable use like flushing, fire protection, vehicle washing should mandatorily shift to treated wastewater.

3) Supply-side measure: Using technology to use stored water in dams

• Within supply-side options, the NWP points to trillions of litres stored in big dams, that are still not reaching farmers.
• NWP recommends how the irrigated areas could be considerably expanded at very low cost by using pressurised closed conveyance pipelines, in addition to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)  systems and pressurised micro-irrigation.

4) Supply of water through “nature-based solutions”

• The NWP places major importance on the supply of water via “nature-based solutions” like the rejuvenation of catchment areas, to be incentivised through compensation for ecosystem services.
• Specially curated “blue-green infrastructure” like rain gardens and bio-swales, restored rivers with wet meadows, wetlands constructed for bio-remediation, urban parks, permeable pavements, green roofs etc are suggested for urban areas.

5) Sustainable and equitable management of groundwater

• Information on  aquifer boundaries , water storage capacities and flows provided in a user-friendly manner to stakeholders, assigned as custodians of their aquifers, would allow them to create protocols for effective management of groundwater.

6) Rights of Rivers

• The NWP accords river protection and revitalisation prior and primary importance.
• Steps to restore river flows include: Re-vegetation of catchments, regulation of groundwater extraction, river-bed pumping and mining of sand and boulders.
• The NWP outlines a process to draft a  Rights of Rivers Act,  including their right to flow, to meander and to meet the sea.

7) Emphasis on water quality

• The new NWP considers water quality as the most serious un-addressed issue in India today.
• It proposes that every water ministry, at the Centre and states,  include a water quality department.
• The policy advocates adoption of state-of-the-art, low-cost, low-energy, eco-sensitive  technologies for sewage treatment.
• Widespread use of  reverse osmosis has led to huge water wastage  and adverse impact on water quality.
• The policy wants  RO units to be discouraged  if the total dissolved solids count in water is less than 500mg/L.
• It suggests a  task force on emerging water contaminants  to better understand and tackle the threats they are likely to pose.

8) Reforming governance of water

• The policy makes radical proposals for improving the governance of water, which suffers from three kinds of issues: That between irrigation and drinking water, surface and groundwater, as also water and wastewater.
• Government departments, working in silos, have generally dealt with just one side of these binaries.
• Dealing with drinking water and irrigation in silos has meant that aquifers providing assured sources of drinking water dry up because the same aquifers are used for irrigation, which consumes much more water.
• And when  water and wastewater are separated in planning,  the result is a fall in water quality.

9) Creation of National Water Commission

• The NWP also suggests the creation of a unified multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder National Water Commission (NWC), which would become an exemplar for states to follow.
• Governments should build enduring  partnerships with primary stakeholders of water , who must become an integral part of the NWC and its counterparts in the states.

How Gujarat transformed from Water-deficit state to surplus state?

• The Gujarat government created the state-level Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geoinformatics (BISAG) to aid in the supply of services and solutions for the deployment of map-based GeoSpatial Information Systems.
• Micro-level check dams.
• Macro-level projects particularly in the Saurashtra, Kutch, and North Gujarat areas.
• Gujarat launched the Kutch branch canal from the Narmada Main canal, which helps provide water to the most distant parts.
• Sujalam Sufalam Yojana: to irrigate the areas of North Gujarat.
• The SAUNI Yojana (Saurashtra Narmada Avtaran Irrigation Yojana), which means literally “reincarnation of the Narmada River in the region,” was thus introduced.
• Administrative and Governance reforms.

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Excellent essay indeed!

Great explanation.

worth a praise! well done :)

Wish you could mention the references for all the statistics and facts.

Please add features to include this article in PDF.

Where are effects🙄

Haven’t you seen the impacts heading in this article?

Great explanation and essay. This is exactly what I have been searching for.

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