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Fundamentals of Data Representation

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data representation notes pdf

Getahun T I G I S T U Lissanework

Abstract—The floral industry has increasingly become one of the most important sectors for export earnings, especially in developing countries. However, during the cultivation process there may be a number of challenges that affect it, one of which is flower disease. This paper presents an automatic identification of of flower dieases based on image processing techniques. In view of this, normal and diseased flower images are acquired to create a knowledge base where images are pre-processed and segmented to identify the region of interest. Texture features of images are extracted using Gabor feature extraction, from which we computed seven different measures of dispersion and central tendency with the purpose of reducing the dimensionality of features. Then, an artificial neural network is trained with seven input features extracted from individual images and eight output nodes representing eight classes of diseases considered in this work. Unkown samples of flower images are then tested basedon the training model and we achieved an average accuracy of 83.3% in the identification of the flower diseases. Keywords—Flower Disease Identification; Artificial Neural Networks; Gabor Feature Extraction

Fahad Masood

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IMAGES

  1. Data Representation (Unit 3)

    data representation notes pdf

  2. Data Representation Notes

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  3. PPT

    data representation notes pdf

  4. Data Structure

    data representation notes pdf

  5. Chapter 1

    data representation notes pdf

  6. Data Representation A Level Notes

    data representation notes pdf

VIDEO

  1. Lecture 8: Introduction to Data Structure

  2. COSC2325 Chapter 1 Part 2 Lecture

  3. Data Structure vs Representation in SEO

  4. Data Representation

  5. Chapter 13 Data Representation Enumerated Data Type

  6. Lecture 34: Representation of Data and Inferences-I

COMMENTS

  1. PDF Chapter 1: Data Representation

    A bit is a 0 or 1 used in the digital representation of data. In digital computers, the user input is first converted and transmitted as electrical pulses that can be represented by two unique states ON and OFF. The ON state may be represented by a "1" and the off state by a "0".The sequence of ON'S and OFF'S forms the electrical ...

  2. PDF Chapter-3 DATA REPRESENTATION

    DATA REPRESENTATION Introduction In Digital Computer, data and instructions are stored in computer memory using binary code (or machine code) r epresented by Binary digIT's 1 and 0 called BIT's. The data may contain digits, alphabets or special character, which are converted to bits, understandable by the computer.

  3. PDF COMP1005/1405 Notes 1

    COMP2401 - Chapter 2 - Data Representation Fall 2020 - 44 - 2.1 Number Representation and Bit Models All data stored in a computer must somehow be represented numerically in some way whether it is numerical to begin with, a series of characters or an image. Ultimately, everything digitally breaks down to ones and zeros.

  4. PDF Lecture Notes on Data Representation

    L9.2 Data Representation The constructor for elements of recursive types is fold, while unfold destructs elements. 'e: [ˆ :˝= ]˝ 'folde: ˆ :˝ 'e: ˆ :˝ 'unfolde: [ˆ :˝= ]˝ This "unfolding" of the recursion seems like a strange operation, and it is. For example, for all other data constructors the components have a smaller

  5. PDF Data Representation

    Table 1.1: Powers of Two and their Binary Representation Because of this property, numbers that are a power of two are very, very common when talking about computers. Table1.1shows powers of two up to 210 and their binary representation. The powers of two show up repeatedly in the sizes of di erent objects

  6. PDF CMSC 216 Introduction to Computer Systems Data Representation

    An 8-bit code, used now only by some IBM mainframes. UNICODE. Provides a unique number for every character. A family of encodings - 8, 16, and 32 bits per character. Allows a greater variety of characters. Able to represent virtually any character in use today in any language, and some no longer in use.

  7. PDF Bits and Bytes Data Representation 1

    So, we'd want to represent -1 as: -1: 1111 1111 1111 1111. 2's Complement Observations. To negate an integer, with one exception*, just invert the bits and add 1. 25985: 0110 0101 1000 0001. -25985: 1001 1010 0111 1111. --25985: 0110 0101 1000 0001. The sign of the integer is indicated by the leading bit.

  8. PDF Chapter 2 Data Representation

    When subtracting two 32-bit integers X and Y, the flags are. N = R31. Z is set if R is zero. C is clear if the result is incorrect for an unsigned subtraction. = 31& 31 ∥ 31 & 31∥ 31 & 31. V is set if the result is incorrect for an signed subtraction. = 31& 31 & 31 ∥ 31 & 31& 31.

  9. PDF Data Representation

    This information is called static data. static data 0000 stack FFFF • Each time you call a method, Java allocates a new block of memory called a stack frame to hold its local variables. These stack frames come from a region of memory called the stack. • Whenever you create a new object, Java allocates space from a pool of memory called the ...

  10. PDF Machine Learning: Data Representation

    Handling Missing Data. Fix data collection problem that causes missing data. Eliminate rows with missing values (dropna()). Eliminate columns with too many missing values. Categorical features: add a missing category. Numeric features: replace with mean, median, etc. value. Impute a value for missing data.

  11. PDF Lecture 5: Data Representation

    6 / 43 Data Representation Recap - Memory Management Disk Block Mapping The units of database space allocation are disk blocks, extents, and segments. • A disk block is the smallest unit of data used by a database. • An extent is a logical unit of database storage space allocation made up of a number of contiguous disk blocks. • A segment is made up of one or more extents (and is hence ...

  12. PDF Data Representation

    Data Representation • Data refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Data can be a name, a number, the colors in a photograph, or the notes in a musical composition. • Data Representation refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted. ... • Adobe Acrobat produces documents in PDF format.

  13. PDF Data Representation Notes

    Criteria for choosing a good representation - compute additive inverse easily - minimize hardware complexity of: addition subtraction comparison - would like to use same circuitry for signed and unsigned arithmetic - get maximum number of representations from a fixed number of bits SIGNED MAGNITUDE! Use first bit as sign, 0 is + 1 is -!

  14. PDF Chapter 3 Data Representation and Linear Structures

    Data Representation and Linear Structures We begin the study of data structure with data representation, i.e., different ways to store data in computer memory. In this chapter, we will study how to represent data with linear struc-ture. A data type is a set of values. For example, 1. Boolean = {true, false}. 2. integer = {0,±1,±2,···}. 3.

  15. PDF Outline Data Representation

    Data Representation in Computer Systems -- Chapter 2 7 An international standard code for representing non-Roman characters like Asian, Greek, and Russian characters is UNICODE Double Words Double Words A double word is a group of 32 bits or 4 bytes or 2 words CS 2401 Comp. Org. & Assembly Data Representation in Computer Systems -- Chapter 2 8

  16. PDF Data Representation

    Data Representation January 9-14, 2013 1/40. Quick logistical notes In class exercises Bring paper and pencil (or laptop) to each lecture! Goals: break up lectures, keep you engaged chance to work through problems in class ask questions! First homework will be posted before Friday's lecture!

  17. PDF Number Systems, Base Conversions, and Computer Data Representation

    There are a couple of variations on the BCD representation, namely packed and unpacked. An unpacked BCD number has only a single decimal digit stored in each data byte. In this case, the decimal digit will be in the low four bits and the upper 4 bits of the byte will be 0. In the packed BCD representation, two decimal digits are placed in each ...

  18. PDF Chapter 3

    Section 3.1 - Data Types. Registers contain either data or control information. Control information is a bit or group of bits used to specify the sequence of command signals needed for data manipulation. Data are numbers and other binary-coded information that are operated on. Possible data types in registers:

  19. PDF Representation of data Chapter 1

    data. A more helpful de n ition of data is a series of facts from which conclusio ns may be drawn . In order to collect data you need to observe or to measure some property. This property is called a variable. The data which follow were taken from the internet, which has many sites containing data sources. Electronic (Excel and CSV) versions of

  20. Data Representation

    A computer can understand only one language consisting of two symbols, 0 & 1(Binary digits). Since the computer cannot understand data represented in human languages (i. numerals 0 - 9, alphabets A - Z, and special symbols such as +, -, /, *, etc), it became necessary to change the data to binary form, a process known as Coding of data. In ...

  21. Chapter 1

    Chapter 1- Data Representation Notes - Read online for free. Computer science notes by sima salman.

  22. 11 Computer Science-Data Representation -Notes

    Class-XI. Computer Science. Data Representation. Notes. Number systems are the technique to represent numbers in the computer system architecture, every value that you are saving or getting into/from computer memory has a defined number system.. Computer architecture supports following number systems. Binary number system Octal number system Decimal number system Hexadecimal (hex) number system

  23. (PDF) Fundamentals of Data Representation

    Download PDF. Computer Science 9608 (Notes) Chapter: 1.1 Information representation Topic: 1.1.1 Number representation Fundamentals of Data Representation: Before we jump into the world of number systems, we'll need a point of reference; I recommend that you copy the following table that you can refer to throughout this chapter to check your ...