abd on phd

Navigating ABD: All But Dissertation Insights And Strategies

Discover the journey of ‘All but Dissertation’ – a compelling exploration of unfinished scholarly pursuits.

For many doctoral candidates, the concluding stage known as the dissertation phase can be an elusive and challenging endeavor. This stage, commonly referred to as “All but Dissertation” or ABD, signifies the completion of all requirements for a doctoral degree, except the final dissertation. Doctoral candidates who find themselves in this unique academic position may wonder about the significance, challenges, and opportunities associated with ABD status. In this article, we will explain what ABD status entails, offering insights and strategies to navigate this phase with confidence and, ultimately, cross the academic finish line.

What Is ABD (All But Dissertation)?

ABD (All But Dissertation) is a term used in academic circles to describe a student who has completed all the requirements for a doctoral program, except for the dissertation. In a doctoral program, students typically go through a series of stages, including coursework, comprehensive exams, and the dissertation phase. The ABD designation is applied to a student who has successfully completed the coursework and passed the comprehensive exams, demonstrating their deep understanding of the subject matter. However, they have yet to complete the dissertation, which is the final and most significant component of a doctoral program. 

This status can be a transitional phase, as students work on their dissertations and conduct original research, moving closer to earning their coveted doctoral degree. The ABD phase can be both challenging and rewarding, as it represents the culmination of years of academic study and the final step toward becoming a recognized expert in the chosen field.

Reasons For Not Completing A Dissertation

Completing a dissertation is a significant academic accomplishment, but several reasons can lead to individuals not finishing this crucial component of their doctoral journey. These reasons include:

Lack of Time

Doctoral candidates often have demanding schedules, including jobs, family responsibilities, and other commitments. The extensive time required for researching, writing, and revising a dissertation can be a significant hurdle. Balancing these responsibilities while dedicating substantial time to dissertation work can become challenging.

Also read: Time Management for Researchers: A Comprehensive Toolkit

Academic Challenges

Doctoral-level research and writing are highly complex and require advanced critical thinking and analytical skills. Students may face difficulties in defining a research topic, conducting comprehensive literature reviews, collecting and analyzing data, or structuring and presenting their work. These academic challenges can create feelings of frustration and stagnation.

Financial Difficulties

Pursuing a doctoral degree can be financially burdensome. Tuition fees, research expenses, and the costs of educational materials can accumulate. Financial stress can become a barrier to dissertation completion, particularly for those who need to work while studying to cover these expenses.

Related article: Funding for Research — Why, Types of Funding, When, and How?

Emotional/Health Issues

Doctoral programs can be emotionally and mentally taxing. The stress associated with doctoral studies can take a toll on students’ emotional and mental well-being. The pressure to excel academically, meet deadlines, and complete a dissertation can lead to burnout, anxiety, or depression. Health issues, whether physical or mental, can emerge, disrupting a student’s ability to focus on their dissertation.

Professional Opportunities Elsewhere

Some doctoral candidates encounter compelling professional opportunities during their academic journey. These opportunities might include high-paying job offers, significant career advancements, or projects they are passionate about. In such cases, the potential career gains may divert their focus from completing their dissertations.

Benefits Of ABD Status

There are several benefits of ABD status. One of them is about universities that can hire ABD candidates to teach undergraduate courses, especially in cases where their expertise aligns with the course content. Additionally, ABD professionals might find opportunities in research roles or within organizations that value their extensive knowledge, research skills, and critical thinking abilities. While it’s essential to acknowledge the potential limitations of not completing the dissertation, such as being ineligible for tenured positions at research-focused universities, ABD status can still lead to fulfilling and successful careers in academia, research, or other fields. It offers an opportunity to contribute to their chosen field, apply their knowledge, and make a meaningful impact while maintaining a work-life balance.

Access to Academic Resources and Networks

One significant advantage of ABD status is the continued access to academic resources and networks. Doctoral students who have completed their coursework, comprehensive exams, and some or most of their research may still access university libraries, research databases, and academic advisors. They can continue to collaborate with professors, researchers, and fellow students, which can be invaluable for further research or career development.

Achieving Doctoral-Level Expertise Without Completing the Dissertation

Another noteworthy benefit is the achievement of doctoral-level expertise without completing the dissertation. ABD students have typically engaged in advanced coursework, gained comprehensive knowledge in their field, and passed rigorous qualifying exams. This level of expertise can open doors to teaching positions, research roles, or advanced positions in various fields.

Alternatives To Earning a Doctoral Degree Without Completing the Dissertation Process

Alternatives to earning a doctoral degree without completing the dissertation process recognize that there are different paths to expertise and career growth, and they allow individuals to tailor their educational journey to their specific goals and circumstances. The choice between these options should be based on an individual’s career objectives, field of study, and personal preferences.

Related article: Doctorate Without Thesis: Everything You Need to Know

ABD Status or Testing Out Options in Higher Education Programs

Some higher education institutions offer flexible options for individuals who have achieved ABD status. These options are designed to acknowledge the extensive knowledge and expertise ABD candidates have gained throughout their doctoral studies. Universities may provide avenues for ABD students to finalize their degrees without the traditional dissertation route.

ABD Status Option

In some cases, universities offer formalized ABD status programs where students can complete their doctoral degrees without writing a traditional dissertation. These programs may involve alternative research projects, comprehensive exams, or specialized coursework, allowing ABD students to demonstrate their expertise in different ways. The specific requirements can vary by institution and field of study.

Testing Out Option

Another approach is the “testing out” option, where ABD candidates can take comprehensive exams or defend their knowledge in front of a committee. If they successfully demonstrate their expertise, they may be awarded a doctoral degree. This method acknowledges that some individuals possess the necessary knowledge and skills without requiring a dissertation.

Professional Certificates in Place of a Doctoral Degree

In some cases, individuals may choose to pursue professional certificates instead of completing a doctoral degree. These certificates offer a more streamlined path to specialized expertise in a field. They are particularly beneficial for those interested in gaining targeted knowledge for practical applications, such as leadership roles, without the need for extensive research or the dissertation process.

Examples of Professional Certificates

Many professional organizations and universities offer specialized certificates in various fields, such as project management, healthcare administration, data science, and more. These certificates typically involve coursework tailored to the specific subject matter and may be completed in a shorter timeframe than a full doctoral program.

Career Advancement

Professional certificates can enhance career prospects, providing individuals with in-demand skills and qualifications. For many professionals, this may be a more direct and practical route to career advancement than pursuing a full doctoral degree.

How to Explain Your ABD Status In An Academic Or Professional Setting

Explaining your ABD status in an academic or professional context involves articulating that you’ve completed all the requirements for a doctoral program except for the dissertation. It’s crucial to clarify your achievements, such as coursework, exams, and any research accomplishments. Be honest about your reasons for not completing the dissertation, and express your future career goals. Confidence and positivity are key, as is highlighting the skills and knowledge you’ve acquired. Seek support and mentorship, be prepared to answer questions, and leverage your ABD status as an opportunity to network and collaborate with professionals who appreciate your expertise, recognizing it as a valuable phase in your academic journey. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

Choose the Right Moment

Decide when it’s appropriate to disclose your ABD status. It’s often best to bring it up during conversations about your academic background, career goals, or when discussing your qualifications.

Be Clear and Concise

When explaining your ABD status, use clear and straightforward language. You can say, “I’ve completed all the requirements for my doctoral program except for the dissertation.” Avoid jargon or overly technical explanations.

Highlight Achievements

Emphasize the coursework, research, and comprehensive exams you’ve successfully completed. Mention any notable academic achievements, such as publications or conference presentations, which demonstrate your expertise and commitment.

Explain Your Reasons

If relevant, share your reasons for not completing the dissertation. It might be due to personal circumstances, career opportunities, or a change in academic interests. Be honest but avoid dwelling on any negative aspects.

Express Future Intentions

Clarify your career goals and how your ABD status aligns with your professional aspirations. Mention your plans to complete the dissertation or how you intend to leverage your existing expertise.

Network and Collaborate

Use your ABD status as an opportunity to network with professionals and academics who appreciate your knowledge and skills. Seek collaborations and opportunities that align with your expertise.

Remember that ABD status is not a roadblock; it’s a stage in your academic journey. Many professionals and academics understand the challenges of doctoral studies and respect the dedication required to reach this point. By effectively explaining your ABD status, you can position yourself as a knowledgeable and committed individual in your field.

Below, you will find a comprehensive guide to programs designed for those who have reached the ‘All But Dissertation’ (ABD) stage in their doctoral journey. These programs offer various alternatives to help individuals complete their dissertations and earn their coveted doctoral degrees:

10 Best All But Dissertation Completion Programs [2024 ABD Guide]

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PhD ABD (All But Dissertation) [the scary reality]

All but dissertation is the equivalent of academic limbo. The scary reality is that there is a huge portion of students who make it to the dissertation stage but simply do not write up their thesis in order to finish their degree.

ABD stands for all but dissertation and refers to a PhD student who has completed all of the prerequisites (such as coursework, and research) but has not yet written up their dissertation.

There are a variety of reasons why people find themselves as an ABD student in this article will go through all of the important aspects of why people do not qualify despite having done most of the work of their doctoral degree.

What does ABD Mean?

ABD stands for “all but dissertation” and refers to someone who has successfully completed all the coursework and exam requirements for a doctoral program, but has yet to complete their final dissertation.

This means that they have often completed:

• literature review
• significant amount of research

but have still yet to write up their thesis.

ABD status is important because it signifies that someone has made significant progress towards earning their PhD, but it is not the same as having completed the degree program.

It is important to note that even though someone may be ABD, they are not yet a doctoral graduate until they have successfully written and defended their dissertation.

All But Dissertation: Why Do So Many PhD Candidates Quit?

It’s a surprising fact that many phd candidates quit at the ABD stage, for reasons that vary from personal to systemic.

There are many reasons why someone may not finish their degree and I have seen multiple students become stuck at the dissertation stage because:

• the supervisor does not help them with revisions
• they have left to get a job and say that they will “write up alongside a full-time job” – often this never ends up happening
• they don’t actually need a PhD for their current career directions so focus on growing and networking in their current role
• being overwhelmed by thought of writing such a large document

One major factor is the pressure and stress that the dissertation process entails.

Writing a dissertation takes a significant amount of time, research, and effort, and requires a student to write diligently every day for multiple weeks to complete.

There are loads of reasons why a PhD is hard to write – check on my YouTube video about the unglamorous truth about writing any graduate thesis.

Additionally, a lack of support from faculty members, financial struggles, and competing priorities, such as work or family, can also contribute to candidates dropping out of their PhD program.

Who is considered an ABD? Dissertation status?

If you are a PhD candidate and have completed all your coursework, passed comprehensive exams, and are now in the process of researching and writing your dissertation, you can consider yourself ABD (All but dissertation).

ABD means that you have finished all the requirements for the PhD except the dissertation. You are then considered a doctoral candidate, and not yet a doctor, until you have defended your dissertation.

ABD is a term used to describe the status of a graduate student who has completed everything for their PhD except the dissertation.

If you have submitted your dissertation proposal, conducted extensive research, and prepared your work for publication, but have yet to defend your dissertation, then you are considered ABD.

Once you have defended and successfully completed your dissertation, you will be awarded your PhD.

How Long Does the All But Dissertation Phase Last on the Doctoral Journey?

The length of the dissertation phase may vary significantly, depending on the program and the individual student’s progress.

Some doctoral programs require their students to complete the dissertation within a certain time frame, while others may not enforce strict deadlines.

I was able to write up my PhD thesis within three months . I had a very tight deadline and I spent eight hours a day in the library working in two sprints until my thesis have been written.

The ABD phase can last for a few months to several years, depending on the research work required, the amount of time the student can dedicate to the project, and the feedback provided by advisors.

I know of one person who took over 10 years to complete their PhD – much of it in the “all but dissertation” stage.

Here is my video on how to write up quickly if you just want to get over the all but dissertation hurdle:

Can You Get a “PhD ABD Degree”?

A PhD ABD degree refers to a student who has completed all the requirements of a PhD program, except for the dissertation.

It is not officially recognized or awarded as a degree but colloquially it is what many people refer to ADB students as.

While it is possible to have a successful career without completing a doctoral program, having an ABD status may limit some potential job opportunities.

Quite often it is recommended that you do not put your ABD degree on your CV if it has been many years of writing.

Should you list PhD ABD on your resume? Academic jobs could be harmed.

Listing PhD ABD (All But Dissertation) on your resume is a personal choice.

It is important to consider what message you want to convey to potential employers and if they see your lack of submission as a negative.

For example, I was able to apply for a job with an ADB because my thesis had been submitted but not yet reviewed. Andy Stapleton

If your thesis is about to be submitted, reviewed, it’s probably okay to put on your resume. However, it is been many years since you had last contact with your PhD program is probably best to leave it off.

Potential employers may view this as incomplete education or lacking the necessary qualifications.

It is your decision whether or not to list PhD ABD on your resume, but it is important to consider the potential impact it may have on your job search.

Endless ABD Status?

Being in an Endless ABD Status can be frustrating for graduate students who have completed their coursework, but have not successfully defended their dissertation.

This can be a difficult phase for students as they are often dealing with limited funding, competing demands on their time, and the pressure of completing their dissertation within a reasonable timeframe.

I know of people who spend up to 6 months waiting for their thesis to be examined which severely limited their career momentum and this is very frustrating.

Graduate school is an already challenging experience, and the ABD phase can make things even more daunting.

Challenges of Being All But Dissertation

Being All But Dissertation (ABD) presents a unique set of challenges for graduate students in a doctoral program.

The pressure to complete the dissertation can be daunting and overwhelming. So much so, that many people do not finish.

The research, writing, and revision required to complete a doctoral dissertation can be time-consuming and mentally exhausting.

ABD status can become a barrier to professional opportunities both inside and outside of academia.

It is difficult to secure academic positions without a completed dissertation, and non-academic employers may not fully recognize the value of an ABD status.

This creates a challenging environment for those trying to navigate this stage of their doctoral program.

My recommendation is that if you are an all but dissertation, you should focus 100% of your efforts on your goal of completion if your circumstances allow.

Many people say that they will return to their thesis after a little break – many people I know and are leaving their thesis for ever after the get a job and move away from academia.

If your current career projection doesn’t require a PhD and you are happy with our PhD there is also no pressure for you to actually finish your dissertation.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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What is ABD (“All But Dissertation”) and How Can You Avoid Getting Stuck There?

ABD, or “all but dissertation,” is a term used frequently in the US to designate a PhD student who has passed all qualifying degree elements except for the writing, presentation, and defense of the doctoral dissertation.

For many students, abd can stand as both an exciting milestone and a terrifying sinkhole . .

This is because ABD is the term used to refer to students who have left their PhD programs at this crucial stage: they have put in the blood, sweat, tears, and eye-strain but don’t have the coveted PhD degree and title to show for it.

This post will cover some quick tips to help you prepare early to avoid the ABD sinkhole.

Why Do Students Fail to Move Past the ABD Stage?

There are many reasons why students often fail to progress beyond the abd stage, including financial pressures, changes in life goals and directions, institutional shortfalls, and writing and research challenges..

Sometimes, a student can get stuck at the ABD stage through no fault of their own. One of the most heartbreaking stories I have heard in my time as a dissertation coach was a student who never moved past the ABD stage because all the supervisors she had been working with at her institution left. Shocking and unacceptable as this type of situation is, it is becoming more and more common as HE institutions deal with increasing hiring pressures.

More commonly, however, ABD occurs when students encounter roadblocks they don’t know how to overcome. They may run out of funding, and not know how to get more. They may take a radical turn in life, such as getting married or having children, that changes their desire to complete a PhD. Or, they may become daunted by the task of researching and writing the dissertation—especially if they are not strong writers or lack proper institutional support.

Four Ways to Prepare to Stride Past ABD

To avoid getting stuck at the “all but dissertation” stage, there are key ways you can prepare yourself in advance., choose your supervisory team carefully., learn how to find and apply for funding, grants, and scholarships..

• Plan for personal issues.

Seek dissertation help early.

Your supervisory team is your lifeline within your institution, so it pays to choose its members with care. Don’t select supervisors purely according to research interests; instead, choose supervisors:

• You already know and feel comfortable working with;
• Who have a reputation for being dependable and supportive;
• With a strong history of student mentorship;
• With a strong record of successfully graduating PhD students.

Ask your supervisors directly when you approach them if they intend to remain at your institution long-term and what the plan will be if they do leave. Also, make sure that you discuss with them the level of support they will be willing and able to provide during your PhD journey, including research support, motivation, accountability, writing support, and career support. Be clear about your needs and choose supervisors who are willing to support them.

If your personal funds and degree funding are tight, grants and scholarships can mean the difference between completion and ABD. Most institutions have a grants and scholarships department or office that can help you find and apply for these types of funding. Many also offer workshops and training sessions (or even credit-bearing classes) on grant writing. Finally, you can use sites like GrantFoward (free to sign up to) or check the websites of professional organizations in your field.

Plan for Personal Issues

Usually, when students drop out due to personal issues, it is because the pressure of planning for them is too much on top of the mental effort needed just for the degree itself. Even where there are objections due to finances or time pressures, these usually come down to logistics. You can help mitigate such unforeseen roadblocks by planning ahead for them.

Even if you think there is only a 1 in 7 billion chance that you will get married, have a baby, lose a loved one, etc., make a concrete plan just in case. Could you work part-time? Could you do evening classes? What support networks do you have available to you? Thinking these things through in advance will make the unexpected much more manageable if it ever happens, making you much less likely to drop out.

It is never too early to start thinking about your dissertation and seeking the support you will need to finish. Whether you need help understanding the research process, getting your results into writing, following academic conventions, or even just staying motivated, start searching out support sources early. Add mentors to your support network, explore institutional and private coaching options, and ask questions at every stage of the way. Prepare in advance for the things that challenge you, and you will be in a much stronger position once you reach the ABD milestone.

Need More Help?

Need some extra support getting ready to be ABD? Check out my coaching packages to find out how I can help you!

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10 Best All But Dissertation Completion Programs [2024 ABD Guide]

Students who completed their doctoral coursework and received doctoral candidacy but left the program before completing their dissertation may qualify for ABD completion programs.

All but dissertation programs provide doctoral students with the opportunity to finish what they’ve started.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

Let’s take a look at how an accredited dissertation only PhD program may help you achieve your academic goals. You can also discover some of the current degree programs available for returning PhD students.

Universities Offering Online All But Dissertation Completion Programs

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format.

1. Alverno College

Alverno College offers an ABD to help with the completion of EdD degrees. There is also a concentration in Teaching & Learning in Higher Education available. Most of the program is online with 2 weekend residencies in Milwaukee. The program requires approximately 6 semesters.

Alverno College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

2. American College of Education

An EdD in Leadership is available through the American College of Education. Those who are considered ABD may be able to follow a customized pathway to completion. The program is fully online, and there are no residency requirements. Courses are in an asynchronous learning format.

American College of Education is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

3. Baker College

Those with 32 credits toward a DBA may finish their degree through Baker College’s ABD completion program. The dissertation program requires an additional 28 credits and may be completed entirely online. On average, the program may be completed in 18 months.

Baker College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

4. Bay Path University

Bay Path University offers an EdD in Educational Leadership. Those who have completed doctoral coursework may be eligible for the ABD program. All coursework is online with 1 weekend residency per year. The dissertation requires 21 credits. The school offers multiple concentrations including Higher Education Leadership and Transformative School Leadership.

Bay Path University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

5. Brenau University

Brenau University offers an online EdD in Education program that features an ABD path for those who have completed core courses. There are start dates each fall and spring, and the program follows a semester schedule. The program requires 2 weekend residencies over the course of the program.

Brenau University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

6. Centenary University

An EdD in Educational Leadership through Centenary University’s ABD program. The program requires 13 to 21 credits. Courses are online or in a blended format. A faculty advisor is available throughout the program. Courses follow a semester schedule.

Centenary University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

7. Gwynedd Mercy University

Gwynedd Mercy University offers an EdD for ABD students. The program is in an accelerated format. All coursework is fully online with 1 weekend residency required. The required 27 credits can typically be completed in 18 months.

Gwynedd Mercy University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

8. Indiana Wesleyan University

Those classified as ABD can earn an EdD through Indiana Wesleyan University. The program is fully online, and there are no residency requirements. The program is taught through a Christian worldview. The program’s required 30 credits may be completed in as little as 20 months.

Indiana Wesleyan University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

9. Manhattanville College

Manhattanville College offers an EdD in Educational Leadership for those who have completed all doctoral coursework except the dissertation. Courses may be completed online or on campus. Online programs start each spring. Courses are in an accelerated format. The program requires 30 additional credits for a total of 59 credits.

Manhattanville College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

10. Union Institute & University

A PhD can be earned through Union Institute & University’s ABD program. All coursework is online with 1 week of residency required at the start of each term. There are start dates are in January and July. The program requires 9 to 12 credits. On average, the program may be completed in 3.

Union Institute & University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Online ABD Completion Programs

If you’re interested in completing an all but dissertation (ABD) or dissertation only PhD program, there are a few steps involved.

The process is different for every school and dissertation completion pathway, but you’ll typically be asked to:

• Submit an application . You’ll be asked to share your educational history, including doctorate coursework completed. Each school will determine if and how they will offer transfer credits for the courses you’ve taken.
• Complete coursework . Some schools ask students to complete a few prerequisite courses, often regarding research, writing skills, or communications.
• Seek mentorship and resources . Many schools provide students with a staff mentor who can provide them with support and guidance during the dissertation process.
• Complete your dissertation . Finally, you’ll have the opportunity to complete your dissertation.

Generally speaking, you’re often asked to have a proposal for your dissertation at the time of admissions. So, you may want to be prepared to speak with the program and admissions staff about your upcoming dissertation during the application process.

Select jobs require candidates to have a doctoral degree, though many careers do not. At the same time, the Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that professionals who have a doctoral degree experience the lowest average levels of unemployment.

Due to many different circumstances, a surprising number of adult students do not complete their dissertation after finishing their doctoral coursework. As a result, they must often start over to earn their PhD—unless they choose an ABD completion pathway.

Why PhD Candidates Quit

Though you may feel alone on an incomplete educational path, there are many other students who find themselves on a dissertation completion pathway.

There are many reasons why a student may find themselves in ABD status, including:

• Finances and personal circumstances . Some students need to take a break in their studies due to practical situations. Whether due to the cost of tuition or the amount of time spent working toward a degree, life may interfere with your studies.
• Intimidation or fear . Dissertations often range from 30,000 to 60,000 words and beyond. Many individuals find researching, organizing, and drafting a document this size to be intimidating.
• Time management challenges . For some students, losing the structure of a school setting can mean losing sight of writing the final dissertation. Without a school and study schedule, they may fall behind in writing their dissertation.

Though a dissertation isn’t an easy challenge to take on, all but dissertation programs help students who are ready for the final step in their doctoral degree. ABD programs could provide resources, mentors, and guidance throughout the process, such as knowing how to decompose the PhD project into distinct dissertation chapters can help in the writing phase.

ABD PhD Completion Programs Admissions Requirements

Schools that offer all but dissertation programs will have their own guidelines and admissions requirements for students. So it’s beneficial to review the admissions process and application for each school carefully.

Some common requirements include:

• GRE or GMAT scores (only some schools require them)
• Complete undergraduate and graduate transcripts
• Doctoral work transcripts demonstrating completion of doctoral coursework
• Minimum GPA standing
• Academic writing samples

You may be asked to provide course descriptions or syllabus-level course details for some of your graduate and doctoral degree work. This will help each school determine which credits apply toward their doctoral completion program.

Unlike many educational opportunities, an ABD program often involves working with admissions and program counselors to determine your placement within their program.

PhD ABD Programs Accreditation

As you review various PhD ABD programs, it’s beneficial to check whether the programs that interest you most are accredited, just like checking online doctoral programs in education without dissertation .

Accreditation is offered to schools and programs that demonstrate a higher level of educational excellence. Organizations such as CHEA, or the Council for Higher Educational Accreditation , provide more information about the regional accreditation process.

There can be many benefits to selecting an accredited program. Many financial assistance opportunities, including federal student aid, are provided exclusively to those who attend accredited schools. Plus, required steps for employment in your field, such as licensing, certification, or membership in a professional organization may require accredited education.

Financial Aid and Scholarships

For many students, the first step toward receiving financial aid is completing the FAFSA, or Free Application for Federal Student Aid . Completing this application helps determine your eligibility for need-based federal assistance.

You can also research what scholarship or grant opportunities the school you will attend may offer. They might also offer financing or repayment opportunities. Other scholarship opportunities might come from your community, local businesses, large corporations, or private donors. There may be financial aid options specifically for those on a dissertation completion pathway.

Additionally, your employer may offer assistance for those who are returning to school. This could potentially include employer-sponsored scholarships, tuition reimbursement programs, or an educational allowance.

What Does ABD Mean?

All but dissertation (ABD) means that a student has completed every step in their doctoral degree program except the final dissertation. Typically, earning a doctoral degree includes 2 to 3 years of classwork followed by exams. After this, students propose, research, write, present, and defend their dissertation in front of a committee.

ABD status means you’ve done everything but the dissertation step. While there is no “ABD degree,” many schools offer all but dissertation (ABD) programs that help provide you with the structure, environment, resources, and timeframe to complete this important final step of earning a PhD.

How Long Are ABD Completion Programs Online?

All but dissertation completion programs online typically take 1 to 3 years to complete, depending on the university and your chosen specialty.

Some universities require students with ABD status to complete a few courses in order to remain eligible for their degree. These prerequisites often highlight helpful skills for dissertation writers, including research, writing, organization, and communication.

In many cases, students are asked to check in regularly with their mentors or advising staff to consider the scope of their projects and findings.

Is an ABD Completion Worth It?

Yes, an ABD completion is worth it for many students. While writing a dissertation can be seem intimidating and stressful, many doctoral candidates find that completing the process is rewarding and beneficial.

Not all careers require a PhD. But the Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that professionals who have earned their doctoral degrees typically earn higher median salaries and experience lower incidences of unemployment.

While a dissertation only PhD program can’t guarantee your professional success, it can be helpful for those wishing to gain employment in the highest levels of their field.

Finishing Your Doctorate Degree Online

Plenty of doctoral candidates find themselves unable to complete their degree due to the final dissertation. Selecting a dissertation completion pathway can help students in this situation find the structure and guidance they need to finish this last step.

If you are ready to complete your doctorate or PhD degree, you may wish to consider all but dissertation programs to help you conquer this final challenge. Regardless of what caused the delay, you can still complete your terminal degree.

You can explore some of the accredited ABD programs offered online around the country to take this next step in your academic and professional journey.

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Abd - should doctoral candidates use this common designation.

By Dani Babb, PhD

Many doctoral candidates use ABD on social media or a curriculum vitae . ABD meana for "All But Dissertation," which indicates that a student has completed all the coursework and requirements for a doctoral degree, except for the dissertation. Some students use the ABD designation to indicate that they have completed all the requirements of their doctoral program except for the dissertation.

Whether or not a student should use the ABD designation is a matter of personal choice and career goals. Some people feel that it is an appropriate designation to use because it accurately reflects their progress in their doctoral program. Others argue that it is not appropriate to use ABD because it implies that the student has completed the program when, in fact, they have not completed the most significant aspect of the requirements.

If you are considering using the ABD designation, it is essential to understand how it may be perceived by others in your field. Some employers, colleagues, and academic institutions may view ABD as a negative or incomplete designation. Therefore, it is essential to weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks of using the ABD designation before deciding whether or not to use it.

If a person who has completed all the requirements for a doctoral degree except for the dissertation does not want to use the ABD designation, they may consider using alternative language to describe their status. Here are a few options:

• "Doctoral Candidate" : This term is commonly used to describe a student who has completed all of their coursework and comprehensive exams and is working on their dissertation.
• "Doctoral Candidate, Dissertation in Progress" : This designation can indicate that a student has completed all the requirements for their doctoral degree except for the dissertation and is currently working on that final requirement.
• "Doctoral Candidate, Defending Soon" : This option can be used when a student is close to completing their dissertation and is preparing to defend it.

While these may be popular on social media, a better way to reflect it on a cv is to put “expected completion date ABC. Completed…” and then indicate how many chapters you have finished or where you are in the process.

It's essential to consider the norms in your field and the context in which you will be using your designation. Some fields or academic institutions may have specific terms or conventions that are expected and usually ABD is not among them. Ultimately, the most important thing is to accurately and transparently convey your status and progress towards your degree! Finish that dissertation! We are here to help!

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Doctoral Students

All but dissertation (abd) declaration.

Once doctoral students have completed all requirements and have only the dissertation, including proposal, to complete,  they must declare themselves "All But Dissertation." To do that, the student and department should complete an  All But Dissertation Status Agreement (pdf) form to declare their intent to complete their dissertation either  In Residence  (on campus) or  In Absentia  (off campus).  All But Dissertation students generally have 10 years to complete their dissertation (their department or college policy may require a shorter period). The time limit applies to all students and begins on the date a student matriculates in the doctoral program.

Changing Status

If the student wishes to change their status (from either  In Residence  to  In Absentia , or vice versa), the student and department must complete and submit an  All But Dissertation Status Change (pdf) form, preferably before the semester add deadline for each change. 

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All but dissertation forms & documents.

• All But Dissertation Status Agreement (pdf)
• All But Dissertation Status Change (pdf)
• Consent to Publicly Livestream a Presentation (pdf)
• Doctoral Student Final Semester (pdf)
• All But Dissertation Program Code Cycle (pdf)

All But Dissertation Status

Enrollment -  in residence  (on campus).

In Residence  students enroll like all other students - they must meet all registration and payment deadlines (as listed on the  Academic Calendar ).  In Residence  students are verified as full-time students, provided they are registered and enrolled for loan deferments (and other third-party verifications).

In Residence  students may cross-register for courses through the  Cross-Registration (PCHE)  program. Those who wish to cross-register must make sure that their total units are 36 or greater (not including the number of units for the cross-registered course) in order to not be assessed an additional tuition charge. Students who are only registered for 5 units are not eligible to cross-register.

Final Semester -  In Residence

In Residence students remain on campus to finish their dissertation. They must register and pay for a minimum of 5 units. The student's department determines the number of units actually taken (5 if non-support, or 36 if supported), following college and university policies. The student's department is also responsible for ensuring that In Residence students are registered for the appropriate number of units. Once the student has completed all thesis/degree requirements and is certified for their degree, the department must submit a Doctoral Student Final Semester (pdf) form.

Enrollment -  In Absentia  (Off Campus)

In Absentia  students finish their dissertations off campus. They do not register and are not charged tuition (except for their final semester). Students  In Absentia  will be assessed the technology fee each semester they are  In Absentia .

Students  In Absentia  are not verified as students (either full-time or part-time) to loan agencies or outside organizations, and may not cross-register for courses. Because they are not in an enrolled student status, some international students cannot become  In Absentia . Please contact the  Office of International Education  for more information.

In Absentia  students have only limited access to university facilities, such as libraries and computer labs. Since students  In Absentia  are not registered for courses and are not charged tuition and relevant ID Card-related fees (i.e., transportation, activity), their Carnegie Mellon ID Card access privileges are deactivated. ID Cards for  In Absentia  students are not renewable unless a student's status changes to  In Residence . 

Final Semester -  In Absentia

In Absentia  students must submit an  All But Dissertation Status Change (pdf) form by the semester add deadline and pay for a minimum of 5 units during their final semester of degree completion. There will be no adjustment to tuition regardless of certification date when registered for 5 units. Once the student is certified, the department must submit a Doctoral Student Final Semester (pdf) form.

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How to List PhD ABD on Your Resume [Full Guide]

You should mention PhD ABD on a resume whenever it applies to you. It’s a great achievement, even though you haven’t completed your PhD yet. This article will show you the best place to put it and what you should write about it.

How to List PhD ABD on Your Resume

You should list PhD ABD under the “Education” section of your resume. It’s common to see it when someone hasn’t completed their dissertation but still wants to apply for jobs. It gives them a chance to apply for PhD-related jobs that might require extra qualifications.

These examples will help to clear up where you should include PhD ABD:

• Washington State Uni, 2020-present
• PhD ABD in Social Sciences

As you can see, you can list PhD ABD in this way. It’s a fairly common way to do it, as it shows that you are working towards your PhD but still have to do your dissertation.

“ABD” means “all but dissertation.” It is a title given to anyone completing their PhD. They have to complete three main steps to reach the “ABD” stage of their PhD:

• Completed all courses related to PhD
• Passed all program exams
• Defended dissertation proposal

As long as these things are done, a student may call themselves “PhD ABD.” It’s still a great feat, and it shows that you’ve put a lot of work into achieving your PhD, even if you haven’t completed it yet.

“PhD ABD” does not mean you are a PhD drop out. However, if you choose to never complete your dissertation, you may end up falling under this category.

You shouldn’t be ashamed to include ABD in your resume. It is still a remarkable qualification, and most employers will view it with admiration. They will definitely consider you as a suitable candidate for whatever position you are applying for.

Of course, if the job description specifically states that you need a PhD, having only an “ABD” might not be good enough. This is very dependent on the job, though.

You should always read through the job description thoroughly before sending in your CV.

Should You Put PhD ABD on a Resume?

Including any qualification in your resume is a good idea. The same applies to a PhD ABD. It’s still a remarkable qualification to have, and it’s worth including it.

You should put PhD ABD on a resume to show that you are close to getting your PhD. It shows that you’re a hard worker and capable of independent research and study.

Most employers won’t need more information than that. They’ll understand that you’re working on your dissertation, but you haven’t quite completed it yet.

You might only need to elaborate when you are very close to your PhD. You might want to let a potential employer know that you’re close, as it might encourage them to hire you because you’re nearly done.

Including educational qualifications is slightly different from other qualifications in C Vs. You should always include educational qualifications, whether they apply to the specific job role or not.

For example, you should write:

• PhD ABD in History

Even if the job you’re applying for does not correlate with your History PhD. This is done to show that you are educated, diligent, and able to complete a PhD course.

However, with other qualifications, it’s best to keep things as specific as possible. We won’t go into detail, but it would be like including a forklift driving license to apply for a job in a bank. You won’t need to use the qualification, so it won’t help to include it in your resume.

How to Describe Your PhD ABD

It would help to know how to write PhD ABD on a resume. You don’t need to describe it all that much. You only need to include “PhD ABD” and the field you are studying.

This will give your potential employer an idea of your passions and interests. Most people only study PhDs in the fields they’re keen to learn more about. That could give an employer an idea of what to expect from you.

The simplest way to include it would be under the “Education” section. It would look something like these examples:

• Denver College, 2019-present
• PhD ABD in Sport Psychology
• LCU, 2020-present
• PhD ABD in Veterinary Sciences
• UCL, 2016-present
• PhD ABD in Philosophy

These are the best ways to include PhD ABD in your resume. “ABD” should come directly after “PhD” and before the field you studied.

Where to Include PhD ABD on a Resume

Now you know where to put PhD ABD on your resume, but there are some other options.

You may be able to talk about your PhD ABD in the professional summary of your resume rather than just your “Education” section. If you think your PhD ABD is relevant to the job you’re applying for, there’s no reason not to include it.

For example, if you’re applying for a sports coaching job and have a PhD ABD in Sports Science, you might write the following summary:

• PhD ABD in Sports Science with 3 years of hands-on experience working with student-athletes on the football team.

This summary is a great way to highlight your PhD ABD without being over the top. It shows a potential employer that you are working towards your PhD.

It’s good to include it in the summary because it comes much earlier in a resume than the “Education” section. The “Education” section is usually included towards the end of a resume, while the summary comes at the beginning.

The sooner you can mention your PhD ABD, the better you’ll look in an employer’s eyes.

Interestingly, there’s a limit to how much you can mention it. You don’t want to include your PhD ABD qualification too much.

If it’s the only thing you include in your CV, it might imply that you don’t have any other qualifications to your name. This could have the opposite effect and turn an employer away from wanting to hire you.

Example of a Resume That Highlights PhD ABD

You might want to review an example to see the best ways to include PhD ABD in your resume. We’ll include it in the summary and the “Education” section to show you the best practice:

Tammy Abraham

You may include the “Education” section before or after “Work Experience.” We recommend including it earlier if you believe your PhD ABD is important enough. It will make your resume look better and be easier for an employer to check your qualifications.

Is ABD an Official Title?

“ABD” is not an official title. It is a state that most graduate students are in before completing their dissertation.

It’s so common that almost everybody (students, professors, and employers, alike) knows what it stands for. It means “all but dissertation,” showing that students only need to complete their dissertation before earning their full PhD.

You should not use it in formal situations to address yourself by a title. It is not an official title, and it will add nothing of value to your name.

Martin holds a Master’s degree in Finance and International Business. He has six years of experience in professional communication with clients, executives, and colleagues. Furthermore, he has teaching experience from Aarhus University. Martin has been featured as an expert in communication and teaching on Forbes and Shopify. Read more about Martin here .

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How to List PhD ABD on Resume

Ph.D. ABD is a term for Ph.D. students who have done everything, but their dissertation uses. They use this term especially when they need to apply for a job and update their education history and qualifications. People usually wonder, “Should I put my Ph.D. on a resume if I’m ABD?” to add value to their resume.

Some employers like to know that their applicants and potential employees are knowledge-seeking individuals. I think the inclusion of this status in your resume achieved this aim.

However, there are many things that could be improved about the use of this term, such as if it should be used at all, when, and how appropriate it is. One may also wonder what All But Dissertation Resume means, but we will find out in subsequent sections.

This article will address these situations. It will address how to list ABD on resumes if students can put their Ph.D. ABD on their resume clearly defines who qualifies to be classified as a Ph.D. ABD student. Let’s get started.

Would you be able to tell me how to list minors on your resume correctly? Please take a look at our article to find out .

What Does ABD Mean?

ABD stands for All but Dissertation. ABD resume is a thing. This is a term people use when they need to indicate that they have finished their Ph.D. Coursework but still need to do their dissertation. A person who has an ABD status is an individual who has completed all the required classwork and any other comprehensive mandatory examinations.

Although this term has no academic standing, it is used when informing others of the stage you are in your program — the Ph.D. ABD status is not a degree that can be obtained. It simply means you have gone halfway in fulfilling all the requirements of your Ph.D. program.

For there to be a degree, you must fulfill all the requirements mandated by the institution you are studying at. ABD can also be said to be a ‘degree in view.’ One must complete three steps before they refer to their Ph.D. status as ABD.

Should I Put PhD ABD on my Resume?

Students who are in the process of getting their Ph.D. but still need to complete or start their dissertation may list PhD ABD on resume. They can record it because it adds professional value to the student and lets people know they are working towards a goal. It is an outstanding achievement, and it would be best to let a prospective employer know you are on a journey to obtain your Ph.D. Your Ph.D. ABD should be listed on your resume.

However, if you do not intend to complete or fulfill the requirements of the Ph.D. program, you should not list Ph.D. ABD on your resume. This is deceptive and misleading to the readers of the resume. But the years of school leading to that point can be listed on the resume. This listing would still impress your employer. You don’t need to provide misleading information that may be perceived as deceptive, especially when you have no intentions of completing your Ph.D. program.

If you want help writing your resume from real professionals, check our list of top resume writers; they will assist you best.

If you are in this position where you think you should include Ph.D., ABD on your resume, you have to think long and hard about whether you would continue the program. If yes, you can consist of this status on your resume. If not, do not include it.

“Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today” – Malcolm X.

How to List All but Dissertations (ABD) on a Resume

A student must understand the intricacies of listing an ABD on their degree, as it is a pending degree that has yet to be obtained. Please make sure to check your graduation status before checking that your institution’s credits and degree requirements are in your anticipated graduation date. This helps the student understand the requirements needed to complete the program and determine whether they will add ABD to their resume. This would help you greatly in listing your Ph.D. ABD on your resume.

On your resume, you can list your pending degree under the education section after the name of your institution. List your Ph.D. ABD status after your college has been listed. You may also write ‘pending’ if the graduation is near. Write this alongside your commencement date. But if the graduation is later, you can write ‘expected’ with the anticipated commencement date. Place a comma after the name of your institution and before any degree-related information.

For instance, Oxford University, Medicine, Pending, December 2021. This format is if the graduation date is near.

For instance, Oxford University, Medicine, Expected, August 2022. This format is if the graduation date is far away.

A popular question is: should I put a GPA on my resume? Read more on our blog.

When Should You List It?

You should list your Ph.D. ABD status if you intend to complete your program. Many students do not get to finish their Ph.D. degrees, but people who fit in this category have completed their coursework. You should only list the status of the pending degree on your resume if this is a program you intend to finish. The student must be sure of their ability to complete the program.

“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest” – Benjamin Franklin.

When You Should Not Add It

You should not add your Ph.D. ABD status on your resume if you do not intend to finish the program. Some students have stopped their Ph.D. halfway because of lack of funds, external obligations they cannot fulfill, bad situations, and the realization that they do not need or want a Ph.D. degree, to mention a few. To avoid being perceived as deceptive, please make sure you finish the program. By the way, remember to add page numbers to your resume .

How to List Unfinished Ph.D. Degrees on Resume?

It would be best if you listed your ABD status the same way your Ph.D. degree would be listed. Although some phrases may be written in full form, others should be abbreviated. The ‘ABD’ must not be written in full. It should be shortened because the full term is too lengthy and wordy. The abbreviated form will match the abbreviated form of the Ph.D. This emphasizes the need for consistency.

Should I Put my Ph.D. on a Resume if I am ABD?

No, you should not put a Ph.D. on your resume if you are ABD. This is deceptive and a lie. You cannot assume a degree that you have not completed. An applicant must always list the true status of their education qualifications. List your complete most recent educational experience.

If you have not completed your Ph.D. degree, you should list your Masters’ degree instead. This gives your employer an insight into your education level so far.

How Do You Know If You Are ABD?

You have to be sure that you are ABD before you list it on your resume. If you are ABD, you must have completed these requirements:

• You must have finished all the courses required for your Ph.D. program.
• You must have passed the necessary and required examinations for your Ph.D. program
• You must have defended your dissertation proposal. This ensures that your topic has been approved for completion.

If you have fulfilled these requirements, you can refer to your status as ABD. The only thing left for you to do, in this instance, is to conduct your research and write the dissertation. This is what is referred to as (ABD) All But Dissertation on a resume. You cannot include ABD in your resume if you have not fulfilled the highlighted requirements above.

Should your GMAT scores be on your CV? Find out from our article .

The Ph.D. ABD status has caused Ph.D. students looking to apply for jobs to be skeptical. Having a good insight into your goals and plans is usually helpful. The status can be included if the student is sure they will complete the program. If not, it is best not to include it.

Featured Photo by Green Chameleon

Education Writer

One of our team members is Alina Burakova. She has vast experience in reviewing career and education-related websites. Being a little shy, Alina dislikes writing about herself too much, so here is her short bio. In 2010, she graduated from ...

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