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Habibie’s lasting legacy for Indonesia

In his brief time as president, BJ Habibie enacted economic and democratic reforms that endure to this day.

Bacharuddin Jusuf “BJ” Habibie, third president of the Republic of Indonesia, passed away on 11 September in Jakarta. After serving as vice president under Suharto, Habibie succeeded him when political and economic crisis forced the president of three decades to resign in May 1998.

Although it lasted only 17 months, Habibie’s presidency was transformational. Before entering politics, Habibie had been a prominent aviation engineer educated in Germany and the Netherlands. Serving in the research and technology ministry in the early days of Suharto’s New Order regime, Habibie was known more for his skill in aircraft building and other high-tech industries than for his political agenda.

But today he is widely credited with the democratisation of Indonesia after the Suharto era, overseeing Indonesia’s first democratic legislative elections in 1999, and broadening freedom of speech. His democratic principles also led him to allow East Timor, now known as Timor-Leste, to vote on a referendum for autonomous status within Indonesia or outright independence.

He laid a strong foundation for Indonesia to continue evolving into an advanced country. His thinking was way ahead his time, and made an invaluable contribution to even the current development challenges facing the country.

He kick-started reforms that helped the economy recover from the 1997 Asian financial crisis and put Indonesia on the path to becoming the biggest democracy in the world. The economic reforms he established are still in effect today.

Despite much scepticism towards his economic capability, Habibie successfully led Indonesia out of the shocks of economic turmoil caused by the Asian financial crisis. Habibie understood that by 1998 Indonesia’s economic problems had become a crisis of trust, and not just the fault of neighbouring countries. He saw winning back investor confidence as the most critical issue.

Immediately after taking office as President, Habibie took steps to resolve the banking sector problem through a restructuring strategy, first by merging four state-owned banks, which then gave birth to Bank Mandiri, one of the biggest banks in Indonesia. He also established an independent central bank by separating Bank Indonesia from the government, so that Bank Indonesia would no longer be governed or pressured by the executive.

With the aim of restoring investor confidence, Habibie established the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA), the State Asset Management Unit, and the Monitoring and Settlement Agency for foreign debt issue. Habibie also enacted policies to strengthen the national economy, including the Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition Law , Consumer Protection Law , the Political Party Act , and the Regional Autonomy Law , which collectively brought back political and economic stability, resulting in an increased influx of foreign investments and strengthening of the local currency.

A year into Habibie’s presidency, Indonesia’s economic growth had slowly improved. The country experienced 13.1% negative growth in 1998 and only a year later the economy grew positively by 0.8%, a sign that the crisis was coming to an end.

Fiscal decentralisation – and the local democratisation it enabled – was among the Habibie administration’s most noteworthy achievements, a long-overdue initiative, given Indonesia’s diverse population, geographical complexity, and uneven economic development across provinces. The two laws on political and fiscal decentralisation Habibie enacted in May 1999 – which promoted government response to local concerns, increased accountability, and strengthened governance – entirely changed the relationship between central and regional government.

Habibie’s love for technology clearly informed his approach towards economic strategy. “Habibienomics” was based on the belief that the added value of technology would support economic growth. During his time as Minister of Research and Technology, Habibie demonstrated his forward thinking in adopting research and technology for industrial purposes,  and he aspired to build the quality of Indonesian human capital, envisioning the leap from an agrarian state to an industrialised country. Thus, he sent many young Indonesians overseas to study, and he initiated state-owned enterprises in advanced technology, such as aircraft, ships, communication equipment, and weaponry. It under the guidance of Habibie that Indonesia succeeded in manufacturing its own aircraft.

Years later, amid the rapid growth of globalisation, Habibie’s vision is still relevant. To survive, Indonesia needs to focus more on human capital, innovation, and productivity, as they fuel economic development. The country still lacks in innovation, especially in research and development activities, according to the Global Competitiveness Index 2018 – Indonesia spends less than 0.1% of GDP on research and development, ranking 112nd among 140 countries.

Current President Joko Widodo has set out the Indonesian Vision for his second term, promising to make the country a more productive and competitive nation by putting investment in human capital as the highest priority. Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati states that one of the focuses in the 2020 fiscal policy is to increase the competitiveness and innovation of the Indonesian people to drive a balanced mix between domestic consumption, investments, and exports.

These initiatives are part of the tremendous legacy Habibie has left behind. He laid a strong foundation for Indonesia to continue evolving into an advanced country. His thinking was way ahead his time, and made an invaluable contribution to even the current development challenges facing the country. This short piece will not be able to sum up the whole dedication of President Habibie for Indonesia. He will be dearly missed. 

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B. J. Habibie Biography

B. J. Habibie

Trained as an aeronautical engineer, Habibie worked as a vice president and director for technology application at the German aeronatics concern Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm bfor several years before he was recalled to Indonesia to oversee the country's state-owned high-tech industries. He worked under President Suharto for 20 years, first as minister of state for research and technology where he oversaw the attempted development of an Indonesian aircraft industry, and later as vice president. Habibie's days as vice president were few, however, as the economic troubles that had been festering under Suharto's crony capitalism boiled over just 10 weeks after Habibie's appointment. In May 1998, Suharto resigned after 32 years as undisputed head of state, handing the reins over to Habibie. Habibie quickly removed from office the most egregious examples of Suharto's nepotism in an attempt to distinguish himself from his predecessor and win favor with the emerging opposition factions. In 1999 he lost a parliamentary vote of confidence and he withdrew from the presidential race.

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BJ Habibie obituary

President of Indonesia in 1998-99 who oversaw a successful if turbulent transition to a greater degree of democracy

Bacharuddin Jusuf (BJ) Habibie, who has died aged 83, became president of Indonesia by default in 1998 when his patron Suharto could no longer cling on after three decades of dictatorial rule. Though Habibie’s tenure was a mere 512 days, he oversaw a successful if turbulent transition to some form of democracy – though to what extent he actively sought out that goal or was obliged to pursue it through his own weakness and the growing strength of popular protest remains in question.

When he came to power Habibie pledged to lift restrictions on political parties, to recognise “democratic aspirations” and to tackle the “corruption, collusion and nepotism” of the past. On National Day, 17 August 1998, he also apologised for widespread human rights violations under the Suharto regime, admitting that these had been committed by “individuals from the state apparatus”.

Yet he could not fully discard Suharto’s mantle: on the previous day he had presented the nation’s highest award to the dictator’s wife, Raden Ayu Siti Hartinah, and youngest son, Hutomo Mandala Putra (Tommy Suharto), who were both tainted by corruption.

One of Habibie’s most important legacies was his intervention on East Timor (now Timor-Leste), the former Portuguese colony that had been illegally occupied by Indonesia under Suharto in 1975. Habibie initially offered East Timor the special status of “extensive autonomy”, then went further by granting its inhabitants a referendum on self-determination.

Their resounding vote for independence led to brutal suppression by pro-Indonesian militias, and though Habibie wavered during that crisis, he eventually consented to the intervention of a UN peacekeeping force, paving the way for East Timor’s independence.

“Too many people have lost their lives since the beginning of the unrest, lost their homes and security,” he said. “We have to stop the suffering and mourning immediately.” His stance on East Timor was put into effect by the release from jail of the resistance leader Xanana Gusmão , who became East Timor’s first president, and who bid a tearful farewell to Habibie on his death bed.

Indonesian public opinion, however, was not on the side of Timorese independence, and his moves in that direction did not enhance his popularity. A larger domestic grudge against Habibie came from his inability to deal with an inherited economic crisis that led food prices to soar and pushed millions into precarious informal employment. Habibie’s failure to tackle corruption also played a large part in his gradual loss of public and parliamentary support. Several of his associates and leading members of the ruling Golkar party were implicated in the Bank Bali scandal, in which large sums of money disappeared. There was more opposition when his attorney general announced that corruption charges against Suharto would be dropped for “lack of evidence”.

In the run-up to the 1999 presidential elections, a poll in the national Tempo magazine showed that only 7% would vote for Habibie. When Golkar voted him down a month before the elections he had no alternative but to withdraw. His presidential term had not lasted long, but nonetheless he had stayed in office for a greater period of time than many had expected. In his memoirs he observed that “the slightly more optimistic predicted that I would not last more than 100 days”.

Habibie was born in Parepare in the state of South Sulawesi, the fourth of eight children. His father, Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie, a government official of Sulawesi descent who promoted clove cultivation, died when he was only 12, and his mother, Tuti Marini Puspowardojo, was a Javanese noblewoman from the ancient sultanate of Yogyakarta.

A model plane enthusiast at a young age, Habibie graduated from the Bandung Institute of Technology and continued his studies in Germany. After a doctorate from the Aachen Institute of Technology he joined the aircraft-maker Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm , rising quickly up the management ladder to become vice-president and director of applied technology. In 1974 he was persuaded to return to Indonesia by Suharto, who had seized power in 1967 from the founding president Sukarno after fanning the flames of an anti-left pogrom in 1965-66 in which at least half a million were killed.

Suharto appointed Habibie minister of research and technology, in which role he promoted, not always effectively, investment in a large number of state-owned industries designated as “strategic”, including steel, arms, energy and aircraft manufacture. He deferred to Suharto’s rapacious family, and flattered the dictator by calling him “SGS” – short for Super Genius Suharto.

Early in 1998 Suharto, though faced with economic collapse , sought re-election for a seventh term, and appointed Habibie unexpectedly as his vice-presidential running mate. Suharto’s purpose in doing so became clear when, after victory but with continuing demonstrations against his presidency and a fall-off in support from politicians around him, he resigned shortly after the election, leaving Habibie to succeed him. It may have been a gesture of contempt as much as of confidence: Suharto was one of those who did not expect him to last long.

In retirement Habibie spent much of his time in Germany and wrote a memoir, Decisive Moments (2006), justifying his tenure as president. The Habibie family also invested heavily in Batam Island, across the water from Singapore and a popular tourist destination.

Habibie’s wife, Hasri Ainun (nee Besari), had known him since they were schoolmates. After her death in 2010, Habibie wrote a fond memoir of their life together, Habibie and Ainun, which was turned into a successful film of the same name, released in 2012.

In one popular scene Ainun, a doctor, reproaches him for not taking care of his health: “If you don’t look after your body properly, how are you supposed to look after 200 million people?” she asks.

Habibie did look after the people far better than had his malign patron and predecessor, but with the army still powerful behind the scenes Indonesia’s democratic transition remains incomplete to this day.

He is survived by his two sons, Ilham Akbar and Thareq Kemal.

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Former president B.J. Habibie was the best research and technology minister Indonesia ever had

Former President of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Principal Scientist, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology

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Former Indonesian president Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, who passed away on Wednesday in Jakarta at the age of 83, ushered in democratic reforms in his short period as president. But his longest-serving role was as minister of research and technology. There is no doubt the brilliant aircraft engineer was the best research minister Indonesia ever had.

Appointed minister of research and technology in 1978, Habibie had a clear strategy for how Indonesia should use science and technology to develop the nation. During his 20-year tenure as minister, he developed high-technology industries, such as aircraft manufacturing, supported science-driven biotechnology research (my area of work), sponsored thousands of young people for science fellowships abroad, and used his power to cut the stifling red tape that hampers scientific research.

He has inspired generations of Indonesians. Through his work, he changed many lives, including mine.

Biotechnology as a national priority

In 1990, I was leading a research lab on molecular biology at Monash University in Melbourne when a fax with a letterhead of Indonesia’s coat of arms, the mythical Garuda bird, came in. It was from Habibie. He asked me to return home to help develop research in biotechnology.

In those days it was becoming clear, with the advances in molecular biology such as the development of DNA sequencing and cloning, that biotechnology would be the basis of an industrial revolution in medicine, agriculture and many other things.

Habibie, who was developing Indonesia’s aircraft industries at the time, noticed the important scientific revolution that was happening in the field of molecular biology, one far from his own. This is a testament to his visionary thinking as the country’s minister of research and technology.

Read more: B.J. Habibie: Indonesia's president and brilliant engineer who pioneered the country's aircraft industry with passion

It was not an easy decision to return to Indonesia. I had been doing research in Australia for 20 years, producing groundbreaking findings on mitochondrial DNA mutations related to disease and ageing. I had Indonesian PhD students working at my lab in Melbourne, and I believed I could serve the country better through my work there.

Sitting in the minister’s office in Jakarta with all the models of aeroplanes on the table, he didn’t need me to tell him that biotechnology was the future. He understood it as much as I did.

I reminded him that the then defunct Research Laboratory for Pathology and Bacteriology, where Christiaan Eijkman worked on his Nobel Prize-winning findings on the relationship between vitamin B1 deficiency and beri-beri, was about to celebrate its 100-year anniversary.

I hadn’t finished my sentence suggesting reopening the institute, when he put his fist on the table and exclaimed: “That’s the way to do it. We should revive the institute!”

That immediate chemistry that we had and the challenge to reopen an institute that has a long historical legacy convinced me to return home. I led the institute for 22 years until 2014, and it has contributed to the development of science in the areas of human genetics, infectious diseases and genetic biodiversity.

The Eijkman Institute is only one of three biotechnology research centres he established. One that focused on agriculture was placed under the research centre at the Agriculture Ministry, and one that linked directly to industries was established under the Centre for Research, Science and Technology (Puspiptek).

Habibie’s support for biotechnology research spurred the opening of biotechnology courses in Indonesian universities.

He also established the Centre for Research, Science and Technology (Puspiptek), a science park that serves as a hub for scientific research. This visionary initiative inspired countries like Thailand and Malaysia to do the same, contributing to the development of science and research in the region.

Ahead of his time

Habibie was frequently misunderstood, but it was because he was too far ahead of his time in terms of his vision compared to the rest of Indonesia.

He was criticised when he sent young Indonesians, from high school graduates to postdoctoral researchers, on scientific fellowships abroad. Now, it’s common knowledge that exposure to international research will enrich the nation. But back during his time as minister of research, people questioned this program.

When we revived the Eijkman Institute, people also criticised naming the research centre after a Dutch scientist. But he understood that naming it after the Nobel-prize-winning scientist was important to send a signal to the world that Indonesia was determined to build on the legacy of Eijkman’s important work.

Habibie overcame his detractors by being consistent in his work to advance Indonesia’s research and technology sector. He was not afraid to cut red tape to allow research institutes that he established to develop without the bureaucratic hurdles that government agencies had to go through.

Inspiration for the young generation of scientists

As Indonesians receive the news of Habibie’s passing, homage for the beloved former president has flooded our social media timelines. I received one from Sudirman Nasir, a talented public health researcher from South Sulawesi, where Habibie also originated. In his message, Sudirman shared that as a child whenever an aeroplane flew over his small town, he and his friends would run and point to the aeroplane shouting that it’s Habibie’s plane.

Read more: As Indonesia marks 70 years of independence, young scientists look ahead to the 100th

Sudirman became one of the authors of the book Science 45: An Indonesian Science Agenda Towards a Century of Independence, produced by the Young Indonesia Academy of Science. Habibie hosted the launch of this book at his home in 2015. Sudirman wrote that, at the time, he could not believe his eyes seeing his idol in front of him. Such is the inspiration Habibie generates in others.

With limited resources but a clear vision, Habibie had dared to dream big and introduced innovative approaches to support the research sector. Now it’s up to us to keep his legacies alive.

The Indonesian Academy of Sciences supports The Conversation Indonesia as host partner.

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BJ Habibie: Indonesian leader whose short tenure was marked by a shift to greater democracy

He attempted to steer a path away from the dictatorship of his predecessor suharto, and set in train the liberation of timor-leste, article bookmarked.

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Though he was president of Indonesia for just 512 days, Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, who has died aged 83, had an impact considered to be far out of proportion to the brevity of his tenure, marking as it did the beginning of a more liberal era in his country’s history with a move towards democracy after General Suharto ’s three-decade dictatorship.

BJ Habibie (as he was known) was born in Parepare Afdeling in the Dutch East Indies. His father, who died when he was 14, was an agriculturist and his mother came from an aristrocratic Javanese family. Habibie was the fourth of eight children.

Habibie travelled to the Netherlands to study aviation at the Delft University of Technology. However, the West New Guinea dispute, a conflict over territory between Indonesia and the Netherlands, interrupted his studies and he completed his degree at the RWTH Aachen University in Germany. He stayed on in Aachen as a research assistant while completing a doctorate.

Habibie was by now working for Waggonfabrik Talbot, designing train wagons, but he turned down the chance to progress in the rail industry to complete his dissertation in aerospace engineering and join Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm. There, he developed three eponymous theories in thermodynamics (the Habibie Factor), construction (the Habibie Theorem) and aerodynamics (the Habibie Method). He also worked on the development of the Airbus A300B, and was promoted to vice president in 1974.

That year, President Suharto, who saw the engineer as an important part of his drive to industrialise the nation, wooed Habibie back to Indonesia. Habibie began this new stage of his career at the state oil company Pertmamina but two years later was made CEO of Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio, the state-owned business that would become Indonesian Aerospace. And in 1978, he made a step into government as minister of research and technology. This was the beginning of more than 20 years continuous service as a member of the Indonesian cabinet. Simultaneously, he headed 10 state-owned industries, including arms and energy.

• Diet Eman: Dutch resistance fighter who saved many lives in WWII

Habibie knew how to handle Suharto’s vanities. He referred to his boss as “SGS” (Super Genius Suharto) and cultivated the favour of the president’s wider family. It looked as though Habibie was being rewarded for his loyalty when Suharto named him as his vice presidential running mate in 1998. However, having won the election, Suharto suddenly resigned, leaving Habibie the top job and all the accompanying political and economic mess. Few expected Habibie to stay long in the role. He admitted in his memoir: “The slightly more optimistic predicted that I would not last more than 100 days.”

Once in power, however, Habibie seemed set to do things differently. He vowed to tackle the corruption of his predecessor’s regime, he lifted restrictions on political parties and the media and, during a speech on National Day, apologised for human rights violations under Suharto (although a day earlier he had decorated Suharto’s wife and son).

Habibie also turned his attention to Timor-Leste . The former Portuguese colony had been illegally occupied by Indonesia since 1975. Now Habibie offered the territory a referendum on self-determination. When the resulting vote for independence was met with violence from pro-Indonesian militias, Habibie allowed the intervention of a UN peacekeeping force. He also ordered the release of Xanana Gusmao, the resistance leader who would become independent Timor-Leste’s first president.

Alas, Timorese independence did not improve Habibie’s popularity at home. He had inherited a terrible economy from Suharto, with soaring inflation and unemployment. Meanwhile, his promise to tackle corruption rang hollow as charges against Suharto were dropped and several of Habibie’s colleagues were named in a banking scandal. As the 1999 presidential elections approached and Habibie’s support dropped below 10 per cent, he withdrew from the race.

• Indonesia deploys 1000 soldiers and cuts of internet in Papua

Habibie spent much of his retirement in Germany. He wrote an account of his presidency entitled Decisive Moments and invested in a popular tourist resort, Batam Island. When his wife died in 2010, he published a book about their relationship in her honour. ( Habibie and Ainun was subsequently made into a film series.)

Whether the changes that began in Indonesia under Habibie can be attributed to his personal conviction or to external pressures is unclear, but there’s little doubt that Habibie was a better president than Suharto.

On a wreath for his late friend, Gusmao, the man Habibie made president of newly independent Timor-Leste, declared: “Timorese people will remember you forever.”

Habibie is survived by two sons.

BJ Habibie, former Indonesian president, born 25 June 1936, died 11 September 2019

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BJ Habibie, who oversaw Indonesia’s transition to democracy, dies

Habibie, was an engineer, oversaw Indonesia’s transition to democracy and the referendum on East Timor’s independence.

Indonesia ‘s former President B J Habibie, who came to power during the country’s turbulent transition to democracy after former strongman leader Suharto stepped down in 1998, has died, his son said on Wednesday evening.

Habibie, 83, had been suffering from heart problems and was in hospital, Thareq Kemal Habibie told Metro TV.

An engineer by training, Habibie succeeded Suharto as Indonesia’s third president only months after becoming his deputy, just as the country was rocked by spasms of rioting and economic upheaval triggered by the Asian financial crisis.

His time in power was marked by his decision to allow a referendum on independence for the people of the former Portuguese colony of East Timor, which had been annexed by Indonesia in the 1970s.

In January 1999, Habibie said East Timor could have independence if its people rejected autonomy within Indonesia. The East Timorese voted in favour of independence triggering a wave of violence. The country is now known as Timor-Leste.

Habibie was born in June 1936 in South Sulawesi and studied aviation and aerospace engineering in Germany and the Netherlands before returning home in the mid-1970s.

Suharto asked him to help industrialise the country.

He chaired the state-owned aviation company Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara and then served as minister of research and technology for 20 years.

President Joko Widodo, in a televised speech announcing Habibie’s death, described Habibie as a “world-class scientist and the father of technology in Indonesia”.

Habibie served for just 17 months as president – he withdrew from contention in the October 1999 election – and was succeeded by Abdurrahman Wahid, popularly known as Gus Dur.

Malaysian politician Anwar Ibrahim paid tribute to Habibie as “family”, recalling the Indonesian’s support during his years in prison.

“He was no ordinary politician,” Anwar wrote on his Facebook page. “BJ Habibie spoke from confidence as well as conscience.”

Habibie is survived by his two sons.

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B.J. Habibie Biography

2019, B.J. Habibie Biography

Tugas biografi Bahasa Inggris

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Pengertian Biography Text: Contoh, Rumus, Soal dan Jawabannya

Biography Text – Biography terdiri dari dua kata yaitu “ Bios” yang berarti Hidup dan “ Graphia” yang bermakna Tulisan. Teks Biografi sendiri biasanya menggambarkan riwayat hidup seseorang secara nyata dan ditulis dari sudut pandang yang lain. Simak penjelasan lebih lengkapnya mengenai Biografi Text berikut ini:

A. Pengertian Biography Text

Biografi merupakan kisah kehidupan seseorang yang lebih kompleks dari sekadar daftar riwayat hidup dan data-data pekerjaanya. Umumnya, biografi bercerita lebih dalam lagi tentang perasaan yang dihadapi oleh seseorang dalam menghadapi suatu kejadian atau kehidupan seseorang.

Dalam biografi dijelaskan mengenai kehidupan seorang tokoh sejak kecil hingga ia beranjak dewasa, bahkan hingga akhirnya meninggal dunia. Semua jasa, karya, dan hal-hal yang dihasilkan oleh seorang tokoh juga diperjelas. Teks biografi sendiri disusun bukan oleh diri sendiri. Tipe life history Text diantaranya Short life history dan Long life history.

Salah satu contohnya yang dapat kamu lihat pada buku An Illustrated Biography: Geogrge Soros yang merupakan seorang investor dengan julukan “orang yang menggerakkan pasar” yang ada dibawah ini.

B. Rumus Biography Text

Sebuah Biography Text umumnya menggunakan nama spesifik orang-orang yang terlibat dalam suatu biografi yang kemudian dituliskan dalam bentuk lampau.

Sebuah Biography text juga dapat menggunakan kata yang kemudian berhubungan dengan waktu. Catatan biografi umumnya menggambarkan kejadian, jadi lebih banyak menggunakan action verb. Sebuah Biography Text sendiri terdiri dari tiga bagian:

1. Orientation

Orientasi memberi pembaca informasi tentang latar belakang mengapa biografi tersebut ditulis. Paragraf pembuka harus menjawab pertanyaan: siapa, apa, dimana, kapan, dan bagaimana caranya.

Biasanya berisi biodata yang dinarasikan seperti nama lengkap serta tempat dan tanggal lahir. Beberapa informasi umum juga dapat disajikan pada bagian ini sebagai pengenalan para tokohnya.

Pada tahap eventa adalah tahap suatu peristiwa atau kejadian dialami oleh tokoh. Berisi penjelasan suatu cerita baik berupa pemecahan masalah, proses lain, dan berbagai peristiwa yang telah dialami oleh tokoh hingga mengantarkannya pada sebuah kesuksesan. Event sendiri biasanya diceritakan secara kronologis yang merujuk pada waktu tertentu.

3. Re-Orientation (Closing)

Pada bagian ini berisi pandangan penulis pada tokoh yang dikisahkan. Reorientasi bersifat pilihan sehingga penulis dapat memberi pandangan pribadinya tentang tokoh yang diceritakan. Reorientasi juga terdiri dari jenis kesimpulan dengan komentar tentang kontribusi yang kemudian diringkas pada suatu kesimpulan atau jalan cerita yang menarik.

C. Contoh Kalimat Biography Text

1. contoh 1: thomas alva edison.

Thomas Alva Edison as Inventor who was born on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio. Thomas Edison was the youngest of seven children Samuel and Edison. His father was an exiled political activist, while his mother was an accomplished school teacher and had a great influence on Thomas’ early life. Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor, his inventions include the telegraph, the phonograph, the first practical incandescent electric light bulb, alkaline storage batteries and the Kinetograph (camera for film).

During his lifetime, Edison received many patents. His first patent was obtained from the Electrographic Vote-Recorder on October 13, 1868, at the age of 21. His last patent was for equipment used to hold objects during the electroplating process. While the artificer wasn’t the inventor of the first light bulb, he did find the technology that helped bring it back in time.

Edison was driven to perfect the commercially practical incandescent light bulb after the British inventor invented the first early electric arc lamp in the early 1800s. Thomas Edison later died of complications from his illness on October 18, 1931, at his home, “Glenmont,” in West Orange, New Jersey.

Thomas Alva Edison sebagai Penemu yang lahir pada tanggal 11 Februari 1847, di Milan, Ohio. Thomas Edison sebagai anak bungsu dengan tujuh bersaudara Samuel dan Edison. Ayahnya adalah seorang aktivis politik yang diasingkan, sementara ibunya adalah seorang guru sekolah rule berprestasi dan memiliki pengaruh besar dalam kehidupan awal Thomas. Thomas Alva Edison adalah seorang penemu Amerika, penemuannya meliputi telegraf, fonograf, bola lampu listrik pijar praktis pertama, baterai penyimpanan basa dan Kinetograph (kamera untuk film).

Selama masa hidupnya, Edison menerima banyak hak paten. Hak paten pertamanya sendiri didapat dari Electrographic Vote-Recorder pada tanggal 13 Oktober 1868, di usianya yang masih 21. Hak Paten terakhirnya adalah untuk peralatan yang digunakan memegang benda selama proses lempeng listrik. Sementara artificer bukanlah penemu bola lampu pertama, Ia menemukan teknologi yang membantu membawanya pada masa.

Edison didorong untuk menyempurnakan bola lampu pijar praktis secara komersial setelah penemu Inggris penemuan lampu busur listrik awal pertama di awal tahun 1800 an. Thomas edison kemudian meninggal karena komplikasi penyakit yang dialaminya pada tanggal 18 Oktober 1931, di rumahnya, “Glenmont,” di West Orange, New Jersey.

Untuk lebih memahami apa yang dimaksud dengan biography text, Grameds juga dapat membaca berbagai buku biografi tokoh-tokoh ternama di dunia. Salah satu contohnya adalah buku An Illustrated Biography: Warren Buffett yang ada dibawah ini.

2. Contoh 2: Ki Hadjar Dewantara

Ki Hadjar Dewantara, was born on May 2, 1889 in Yogyakarta. He came from a Yogyakarta aristocratic family and attended a Dutch-sponsored medical school but failed to complete the course. Ki Hadjar Dewantara was the founder of the Taman Siswa school system, and having had a widespread influence, he also pushed for modernization but also promoted Indonesian culture. He feels that education is the best way to strengthen Indonesian society.

The first Taman Siswa school was established in Java in July 1922. Instruction, conducted informally, emphasized the traditional skills and values of Javanese life, particularly in music and dance. Ki Hadjar Dewantara later died on April 26, 1959, in Yogyakarta. After his death, Ki Hadjar Dewantara was named one of the national heroes in the field of education.

Ki Hadjar Dewantara, lahir pada tanggal 2 Mei 1889 di Yogyakarta. Ia berasal keluarga bangsawan Yogyakarta dan menghadiri sekolah kedokteran yang disponsori Belanda namun gagal menyelesaikan kursus. Ki Hadjar Dewantara adalah pendiri sistem sekolah Taman Siswa, dan memiliki pengaruh yang tersebar, ia juga mendorong modernisasi namun juga mempromosikan budaya Indonesia. Ia merasa bahwa pendidikan adalah cara terbaik untuk memperkuat masyarakat Indonesia.

Sekolah Taman Siswa pertama didirikan di Jawa pada bulan Juli 1922. Instruksi, dilakukan secara informal, dengan menekankan keterampilan dan nilai tradisional kehidupan masyarakat Jawa, terutama pada musik dan tarian. Ki Hadjar Dewantara kemudian meninggal pada tanggal 26 April 1959, di Yogyakarta. Setelah wafat, Ki Hadjar Dewantara dinobatkan sebagai salah satu pahlawan nasional di bidang Pendidikan.

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D. Latihan Soal Biography Text dan Jawabannya

Soal biography text.

BJ Habibie Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie called BJ. Habibie was born on twenty five Gregorian calendar months 1936. He was the Third President of the Republic of the Republic of Indonesia (1998–1999). Habibie was born in Parepare, South Sulawesi Province to Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and R.A. Tuti Giambattista Marino Poespowardojo. His father was a grower from Gorontalo of Bugis descent and his mother was a Javanese peeress from Yogyakarta. His elders met while learning in Bogor.

Once he was fourteen years old, Habibie’s father died. Following his father’s death, Habibie continued his studies in the national capital then in 1955 moved to Germany. In 1962, Habibie came to the Republic of Indonesia for 3 months on leave. Throughout this point, he was reacquainted with Hasri Ainun, the girl of R. Mohamad Besari. The 2 married in 1962, returning to Germany shortly later. Habibie and his mate settled in Aken for a brief amount before moving to Oberforstbach. In 1963 they had their 1st son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, and later another son, Thareq Kemal Habibie.

1. Where was bj habibie born?

a. BJ Habibie was born in Bogor b. BJ Habibie was born in Gorontalo c. BJ Habibi was born in Yogyakarta d. BJ Habibie was born in Parepare

2. What happened to BJ Habibie when he was fourteen years old?

a. His father died b. He graduated from university c. He married d. He continuing his study

3. When did BJ Habibie get married?

a. He got married in 1955 b. He got married in 1962 c. He got married in 1963 d. He got married in 1936

4. Who is the first son of BJ Habibie?

a. Hasri Ainun b. Thareq Kemal Habibie c. R. Mohamad Besari d. Ilham Akbar Habibie

5. “In 1963 that they had their 1st son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, and later another son, Thareq Kemal Habibie.” (paragraph 2) The word “they” supported the text on top of refers to…

a. BJ Habibie b. Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie c. BJ Habibie and his wife d. Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and R.A. Tuti Giambattista Marino Poespowardojo

General Sudirman was a high ranking Indonesian military personnel throughout the Indonesian national revolution. He was the primary commander-in-chief of the Indonesian defense force, he continues to be widely revered within the country. On twelve November 1945, at AN election to come to a decision, the military’s commander-in-chief in YogyakartA. The twenty four years previous Sudirman was chosen over Oerip Soemohardjo in a very close votE. While waiting to be confirmed, Sudirman ordered AN assault on British and Dutch forces in Ambarawa.

The following battle and British withdrawal strongly supported Sudirman’s well-liked support, and he was ultimately confirmed on eighteen Dec. General Sudirman commanded military activities throughout Java, together with a show of force in Yogyakarta on one March 1949. Once the Dutch began retreating, in July 1949 Sudirman was recalled to Yogyakarta and verboten to fight any. In late 1949 Sudirman’s infectious disease came, and he retired to Magelang, wherever he died slightly quite a month when the Dutch recognised Indonesia’s independencE. he’s buried at Semaki Heroes’ burying ground in Yogyakarta

6. What’s the monologue about?

a. A life of General Soedirman b. The family of General Soedirman c. The death of General Soedirman d. A spirit of General Soedirman for the Indonesian defense force e. The military forces commanded by General Soedirman

7. What will we tend to infer from the monologue?

a. His uncle’s name was conjointly Soedirman b. Gregorian calendar month is that the month of Maulud c. Soedirman was shot and died within the military war d. Soedirman died once he was comparatively young e. Soedirman died on one March 1949

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Kunci Jawaban Biography Text

1. Kunci Jawaban No.1 adalah D. BJ Habibie was born in Parepare

Pembahasan: Pertanyaan di atas adalah tentang “where”, dimana BJ Habibie lahir? Pada paragraf pertama kalimat ketiga, tertulis “Habibie was born in Parepare, South Sulawesi Province…”. Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah D.

2. Kunci Jawaban No.2 adalah A. His father died.

Pembahasan: Di atas menanyakan tentang “what happened”, apa yang terjadi pada BJ Habibie saat berumur 40 tahun? Kita lihat pada paragraf terakhir, tertulis “When he was fourteen years recent, Habibie’s father died” berarti Ketika ia berumur 14 tahun ayahnya meninggal. Maka jawaban yang tepat adalah A “His father died”.

3. Kunci Jawaban No.3 adalah B. He got married in 1962.

Pembahasan: Di atas menanyakan “when”, kapan BJ Habibie menikah? Pada paragraf ketiga, kalimat ke four rule tertulis, “The 2 married on twelve could 1962,…” artinya mereka (BJ Habibie dan Ainun) menikah 12 Mei 1962. Maka jawaban yang tepat adalah BJ Habibie menikah pada 12 Mei 1962 atau He got married in 1962, jawaban yang tepat yaitu B.

4. Kunci Jawaban No.4 adalah D. Ilham Akbar Habibie.

Pembahasan: Di atas menanyakan tentang “who”, siapa anak pertamanya BJ Habibie? Pada paragraph a pair of kalimat terakhir tertulis, “In could 1963 that they had their 1st son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, …” berarti pada tahun 1963 mereka memiliki anak pertama, yaitu Ilham Akbar Habibie,..”. Maka jawabannya yang tepat adalah anak pertama BJ Habibie adalah Ilham Akbar Habibie. Jawaban yang tepat adalah “D”.

5. Kunci Jawaban No.5 adalah C. BJ Habibie and his wife.

Pembahasan: “They” artinya adalah mereka. Maka, kata “they” itu menggantikan kata apa? Untuk menjawab jenis soal ini, kita bisa lihat di kalimat sebelumnya, yaitu kalimat “Habibie and his mate settled for a brief amount before moving to Oberforstbach. In could 1963 that they had their 1st son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, and later another son, Thareq Kemal Habibie”. Di kalimat pertama tertulis “Habibie and his mate settled in Aachen…”. Maka “they’ itu merujuk atau menggantikan kata “Habibie and his wife”. Maka jawaban yang paling tepat adalah “they” mengacu kepada “Habibie and his wife”, jawabannya yang tepat adalah C.

6. Kunci Jawaban No.6 adalah A biography of General Soedirman

7. Kunci Jawaban No.7 adalah D. Soedirman died when he was relatively young

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Contoh Biografi “HABIBIE” Dalam Bahasa Inggris Beserta Artinya

Contoh biografi “habibie” dalam bahasa inggris beserta artinya lengkap.

Sahabat SBI pernah membaca biografi tentang seseorang? Apa yang sahabat SBI ketahui tentang biografi? Dalam bahasa inggris, biografi masuk kedalam jenis recount text. Masih ingat bukan apa yang dimaksud dengan recount text?

Recount text is a text that tells about something that happened in the past. Dengan kata lain, recount text merupakan sebuah text yang menceritakan sebuah cerita atau aksi di masa lalu dengan tujua untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca.

Generic structure dari recount text pun ada 3, yaitu o rientation, events dan juga reorientation.

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Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, FREng (lahir di Parepare, Sulawesi Selatan, 25 Juni 1936; umur 79 tahun) adalah Presiden Republik Indonesia yang ketiga. Ia menggantikan Soeharto yang mengundurkan diri dari jabatan presiden pada tanggal 21 Mei 1998. Jabatannya digantikan oleh Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) yang terpilih sebagai presiden pada 20 Oktober 1999 oleh MPR hasil Pemilu 1999. Dengan menjabat selama 2 bulan dan 7 hari sebagai wakil presiden, dan 1 tahun dan 5 bulan sebagai presiden, Habibie merupakan Wakil Presiden dan juga Presiden Indonesia dengan masa jabatan terpendek. Saat ini namanya diabadikan sebagai nama salah satu universitas di Gorontalo, menggantikan nama Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Daftar isi

1 Keluarga dan pendidikan 2 Pekerjaan dan karier 3 Masa Kepresidenan 4 Masa Pascakepresidenan 5 Publikasi 5.1 Karya Habibie 5.2 Mengenai Habibie 6 Lihat pula 7 Referensi 8 Pranala luar

Keluarga dan pendidikan B.J. Habibie beserta keluarga

Habibie merupakan anak keempat dari delapan bersaudara, pasangan Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie dan R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. Ayahnya yang berprofesi sebagai ahli pertanian berasal dari etnis Gorontalo dan memiliki keturunan Bugis, sedangkan ibunya beretnis Jawa. R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo adalah anak seorang spesialis mata di Yogya, dan ayahnya yang bernama Puspowardjojo bertugas sebagai pemilik sekolah.

B.J. Habibie menikah dengan Hasri Ainun Besari pada tanggal 12 Mei 1962, dan dikaruniai dua orang putra, yaitu Ilham Akbar Habibie dan Thareq Kemal Habibie.

Ia pernah berilmu di SMAK Dago. Ia belajar teknik mesin di Universitas Indonesia Bandung (Sekarang Institut Teknologi Bandung) tahun 1954. Pada 1955-1965 ia melanjutkan studi teknik penerbangan, spesialisasi konstruksi pesawat terbang, di RWTH Aachen, Jerman Barat, menerima gelar diplom ingenieur pada 1960 dan gelar doktor ingenieur pada 1965 dengan predikat summa cum laude. Pekerjaan dan karier

Habibie pernah bekerja di Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm, sebuah perusahaan penerbangan yang berpusat di Hamburg, Jerman, sehingga mencapai puncak karier sebagai seorang wakil presiden bidang teknologi. Pada tahun 1973, ia kembali ke Indonesia atas permintaan mantan presiden Soeharto. Habibie saat bertemu Helmut Kohl di Jerman.

Ia kemudian menjabat sebagai Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi sejak tahun 1978 sampai Maret 1998. Sebelum menjabat sebagai Presiden (21 Mei 1998 – 20 Oktober 1999), B.J. Habibie adalah Wakil Presiden (14 Maret 1998 – 21 Mei 1998) dalam Kabinet Pembangunan VII di bawah Presiden Soeharto. Ia diangkat menjadi ketua umum ICMI (Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia), pada masa jabatannya sebagai menteri. Masa Kepresidenan Pelantikan Presiden B.J. Habibie pada tanggal 21 Mei 1998 Foto Resmi Habibie dan Ainun 1998.

Habibie mewarisi kondisi keadaan negara kacau balau pasca pengunduran diri Soeharto pada masa orde baru, sehingga menimbulkan maraknya kerusuhan dan disintegerasi hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Segera setelah memperoleh kekuasaan Presiden Habibie segera membentuk sebuah kabinet. Salah satu tugas pentingnya adalah kembali mendapatkan dukungan dari Dana Moneter Internasional dan komunitas negara-negara donor untuk program pemulihan ekonomi. Dia juga membebaskan para tahanan politik dan mengurangi kontrol pada kebebasan berpendapat dan kegiatan organisasi.

Pada era pemerintahannya yang singkat ia berhasil memberikan landasan kokoh bagi Indonesia, pada eranya dilahirkan UU Anti Monopoli atau UU Persaingan Sehat, perubahan UU Partai Politik dan yang paling penting adalah UU otonomi daerah. Melalui penerapan UU otonomi daerah inilah gejolak disintegrasi yang diwarisi sejak era Orde Baru berhasil diredam dan akhirnya dituntaskan di era presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, tanpa adanya UU otonomi daerah bisa dipastikan Indonesia akan mengalami nasib sama seperti Uni Soviet dan Yugoslavia.

Pengangkatan B.J. Habibie sebagai Presiden menimbulkan berbagai macam kontroversi bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Pihak yang pro menganggap pengangkatan Habibie sudah konstitusional. Hal itu sesuai dengan ketentuan pasal 8 UUD 1945 yang menyebutkan bahwa “bila Presiden mangkat, berhenti, atau tidak dapat melakukan kewajibannya dalam masa jabatannya, ia diganti oleh Wakil Presiden sampai habis waktunya”. Sedangkan pihak yang kontra menganggap bahwa pengangkatan B.J. Habibie dianggap tidak konstitusional. Hal ini bertentangan dengan ketentuan pasal 9 UUD 1945 yang menyebutkan bahwa “sebelum presiden memangku jabatan maka presiden harus mengucapkan sumpah atau janji di depan MPR atau DPR”.

Semoga bermanfaat untuk sahabat SBI semua ya 🙂

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Cari Jawaban Soal Latihan Text Structure, Chapter 10: B.J. Habibie

Bobo.id -  Materi pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kelas 10 mengajari kita mengenai menulis dan membaca recount text .  Recount text adalah sebuah cerita pengalaman yang benar-benar terjadi di dalam kehidupan kita.

Tujuan recount text adalah untuk menghibur atau memberi informasi kepada pembaca. Struktur recount text ada tiga, yaitu:

1. Orientation 2. Events 3. Re-orientation

Pada buku pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kelas 10, kita menjumpai banyak contoh recount text , salah satunya adalah biographical recount text .

Seperti pada Chapter 10, kita akan menemukan recount text mengenai B.J. Habibie pada halaman 134.

Nah, setelah teman-teman selesai membaca teks B.J. Habibie, kita akan mengerjakan soal Text Structure di halaman 138. Jangan lupa untuk mendiskusikan jawaban berikut ini dengan guru dan teman-teman yang lain, ya!

Jawaban Soal Text Structure

Recounts are used to tell about past events. Remember that a recount consist of orientation (opening), a series of events, and reorientation (closing).

Individually, complete the following chart to find out the structure of the biographical recount of B.J. Habibie

1. Orientation (opening)

- When and where Habibie was born.

Baca Juga: Cari Jawaban Soal Vocabulary Excercise, Chapter 10: B.J. Habibie

B.j. habibie

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