do you italicize play titles essay

How to Write Play Titles in a Paper

1. determine the length of the play, 2. use quotation marks, 3. italicize the title.

It is common in literature classes to write papers about plays, such as the works of famous playwrights like Shakespeare, Ibsen and Sophocles, to name just a few. When writing about plays, as well as all works of literature, it is important to know the guidelines of how to properly write the titles when referring to them in your paper and listing them in the works cited page. Knowing how to write a play is one thing, but knowing how to mention plays in a paper is another. Since papers about literature are typically written in MLA format, ​ you should know the MLA rules ​ for writing play titles.

​ Determine the length of the play. ​ The rules for titles of literature depend on the length of the work, and a plays can vary greatly in length. A play that consists of only one act is considered a short play, while a play that has more than one act is considered a long play.

​ Place the titles of one-act plays in quotation marks. ​ MLA calls for titles of short works, such as articles and short poems, to be put in quotation marks. One-act plays fall in this category.

​ Italicize the title of longer plays. ​ MLA calls for the title of longer works, such as books and films, to be italicized. Plays longer than one act are considered long works and should be italicized.

Don't underline the title of longer plays. Underlining used to be an acceptable form of writing titles for longer works, but MLA recently changed this and now allows on italicizing.

Related Articles

How to Write a Motif Paper

What Are the Characteristics of the Ancient Greek Theatre?

How to cite the 4th amendment.

Differences of Literature & Writing Courses

How to Address a Letter to a Rabbi

How to Punctuate Song Titles

What Does Sentence Structure Mean?

How to Start a Good Book Report

• Purdue OWL: MLA Formatting and Style

David Boyles is a graduate student, teacher and professional writer. He has been teaching writing since 2005, while his own work has been featured in various publications and websites, including "Vegas Seven," "ArtsVegas," "AZ on the Scene Magazine" and the "Las Vegas Review of Books." Boyles holds a master's degree in English literature.

• Learning Tips
• Exam Guides
• School Life

Are Essay Titles Italicized? A Guide for APA and MLA Titles

• by Michael Smart
• January 16, 2024
• Custom Essay writing

Have you ever written an essay and then question yourself whether you have used italics appropriately in the titles? Is the use of italics something that worries you to the extent of avoiding them?

Well, you are not alone because many students do not fully understand how to apply them in their essays, particularly in the titles. 

This article will explain when to use italics in your essay and how to appropriately write them. However, before exploring this, it is important to note whether essay titles are italicized or not.

Are Essay Titles Italicized?

The answer to this question depends on the type of words in the title. Essay titles can be italicized. In case you have a title that includes names of vehicles, large works, television series, or movies, you should use italics when mentioning them.

Essay titles can be italicized if the words represent a literary work or are a quote that needs to be represented in italics. Essay titles can also be italicized if all the words or some of them represent certain non-English wordings that are not in the English dictionary.

Literary words are works of literature. Titles of plays, books, and other forms of works of art should also be italicized within the title to set them apart from the surrounding text. 

When writing an essay, you will be required by your instructor to format it academically in either APA or MLA since the two formats are the most commonly used.

Instances When to Italicize Titles in an Essay

1. when words need to be emphasized within the title.

As we have noted, italics are used to set a word or phrase apart from other text within the title.

When the word or phrase is set apart, it means that the reader will easily notice it and even prioritize its meaning compared to the rest of the words.

Therefore, if you have a word or words that need to be emphasized within the title of your essay, you can italicize them.

There are some words or phrases that you will include in your title and you wish your readers to take note of them.

They can be part of the essay’s keywords that you might explain from a different perspective to that of the readers.

However, it should be noted that emphasizing words using italics within the title is not commonly used in academic writing. 

2. When including Publication Names in your Title

Imagine you are writing an essay in which you are required to conduct an in-depth analysis of an article or case study within a publication.

In this case, you may need to include the name of the publication within your title to instantly communicate to the reader what the paper is all about. Such publication names include:

3. Standalone Works in the Essay Title

When you are including the title of a standalone work like complete plays and books, you should italicize them. Titles of sacred texts should also be italicized when they are included in the title of your essay. This is especially the case when analyzing the complete works in your essay.

For example, if your essay is analyzing a specific Harry Potter book, the title will appear like this: Elements of Style in  Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows .

When it comes to places like Romeo and Juliet, your title will look like this: Elements of Style in  Romeo and Juliet .

For sacred or religious texts like the King James Version of the Bible, the title may appear like this: Understanding the Meaning from the Language used in  King James Bible . 

4. When Writing Titles of Creative Works

In case you are required or find yourself in a situation where you need to include the title of creative work in the title of your essay, you should italicize it. This should only include titles of standalone creative works. Such include: 

5. When Using Foreign and Unfamiliar Words

In case you have an essay title that requires you to include a foreign word, you should italicize it. The same case applies to words that you are not familiar with or words that are technical. 

6. When Referring to Legal Cases

When you are writing an essay that explores or analyzes a legal case, you should include the name of the case within the title of your essay to separate it from the rest of the text. For example, “Analyzing the Outcomes of the Case of  Brown v. Board of Education ”. 

How to Write Titles in an APA Essay?

Titles in an APA essay will utilize a unique system of headings that help in classifying and separating the different sections in your essay. They take levels. Note that the aforementioned instances of italicization will still apply on the different levels. 

The first level or the main topic of your APA essay will be centered, boldface, and with a title-case heading.

Remember to capitalize the first word, all the principle words, and the last word in the title.

Avoid capitalizing prepositions (“above”, “on”, “to”, “below”, etc.), articles (“an”, “a”, and “the”), and coordinating conjunctions (“for”, “nor”, “and”, “but”, “so”, “or”, and “yet”).

The paragraph will be left justified with the first sentence indented. 

The second level of the title should not be centered on your paper.

It should be flush left or it should begin at the left side of your page with no indentation.

It should also be typed in bold with a title case heading. The paragraph will also start from the left side of your paper with an indentation.

The third level of your titles should also begin at the left side of your page with no indentation. It should be boldface with a title case heading. However, the third level of your title should be italicized. The paragraph begins from the left side of your page with an indentation. 

The fourth level of your titles should be indented, boldface, and with a title-case heading. This level is not italicized. However, it ends with a period because the text of the paragraph that follows should continue on the same line as that of the title level. 

The fifth level of an APA title should also be indented, boldface, and with a title-case heading. However, this level is italicized. It also ends with a period since the next paragraph will start on the same line. 

How to Write Titles for MLA Essay

Titles in an MLA essay have different levels with the first level being centered, boldface, and with a title, case heading. The second level should be written in the same way as the first level with the only difference being that the second level is flushed to the left side of the paper. 

The third level should begin at the left side of your page with no indentation.

It should be boldface with a title case heading.

The third level of your title should be italicized.

The fourth level should be indented, boldface, and with a title, case heading.

This level is not italicized. However, it ends with a period.

The fifth level should also be indented, boldface, and with a title, case heading. This level is italicized. It also ends with a period. 

In MLA, you should also capitalize the first word, all the principle words, and the last word in the title. Don’t capitalize prepositions, articles, and coordinating conjunctions.

Read our guide on how to write good essay titles to get further insight and tips that will help you sharpen your writing skills.

I am an educational writer and blogger focussing on tech, education, and life improvement.

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

What about MLA format?

All research papers on literature use MLA format, as it is the universal citation method for the field of literary studies. Whenever you use a primary or secondary source, whether you are quoting or paraphrasing, you will make parenthetical citations in the MLA format [Ex. (Smith 67).] Your Works Cited list will be the last page of your essay. Consult the OWL handout on MLA for further instructions.

Note, however, the following minor things about MLA format:

• Titles of books, plays, or works published singularly (not anthologized) should be italicised unless it is a handwritten document, in which case underlining is acceptable. (Ex. Hamlet , Great Expectations )
• Titles of poems, short stories, or works published in an anthology will have quotation marks around them. (Ex. "Ode to a Nightingale," "The Cask of Amontillado")

Tip If you're using Microsoft Word, you can easily include your name and page number on each page by following the these steps:

• Open "View" (on the top menu).
• Open "Header and Footer." (A box will appear at the top of the page you're on. And a "Header and Footer" menu box will also appear).
• Click on the "align right" button at the top of the screen. (If you're not sure which button it is, hold the mouse over the buttons and a small window should pop up telling you which button you're on.)
• Type in your last name and a space.
• Click on the "#" button which is located on the "Header and Footer" menu box. It will insert the appropriate page number.
• Click "Close" on the "Header and Footer" window.

That's all you need to do. Word will automatically insert your name and the page number on every page of your document.

What else should I remember?

• Don't leave a quote or paraphrase by itself-you must introduce it, explain it, and show how it relates to your thesis.
• Block format all quotations of more than four lines.
• When you quote brief passages of poetry, line and stanza divisions are shown as a slash (Ex. "Roses are red, / Violets are blue / You love me / And I like you").
• For more help, see the OWL handout on using quotes .

Writing Nestling

Do You Italicize Titles? (Easy Guide & Explained)

Welcome to the intriguing realm of typographical finesse – the nuanced practice of italicizing titles. In the vast landscape of written expression, the question of whether to italicize titles can be a labyrinthine endeavor, navigating the subtle nuances that distinguish literary works.

As we embark on this linguistic odyssey, we’ll unravel the conventions, explore the historical threads that weave through italics, and delve into the practicalities of emphasizing titles within the written tapestry.

So, do you italicize titles? Join us on this literary sojourn as we demystify the art of italicization and unveil the stylistic symphony that it brings to the written word.

Whether you’re a seasoned wordsmith or a burgeoning scribe, this exploration promises to shed light on the intricacies of title formatting, inviting you to wield italics with finesse and purpose in the vast expanse of language.

Table of Contents

Do You Italicize Titles?

Yes, you italicize titles when writing to indicate the title of a longer work, such as a book, movie, play, or magazine. Follow these steps:

Books, Magazines, Newspapers, Journals

Italicize the titles of complete works like books (e.g., To Kill a Mockingbird), magazines (e.g., National Geographic), newspapers (e.g., The New York Times), and journals (e.g., Journal of Psychology).

Movies and TV Shows

Italicize the titles of films (e.g., The Shawshank Redemption) and TV shows (e.g., Stranger Things).

Plays and Operas

Italicize the titles of plays (e.g., Hamlet) and operas (e.g., Carmen).

Albums and Songs

Italicize the titles of albums (e.g., The Dark Side of the Moon) and songs (e.g., Bohemian Rhapsody).

Artworks and Sculptures

Italicize the titles of paintings (e.g., Starry Night) and sculptures (e.g., David).

Websites and Online Publications

Italicize the names of websites (e.g., Wikipedia) and online publications (e.g., The Huffington Post).

Names of Ships and Aircraft

Italicize the names of ships (e.g., Titanic) and aircraft (e.g., Spirit of St. Louis).

Foreign Words and Phrases

Italicize foreign words or phrases that are not part of common English usage.

Remember, when writing by hand or in a situation where italics are not possible, you can underline titles instead. Additionally, short works like poems, articles, and short stories are typically placed in quotation marks rather than italicized.

General Rules for Italics

Unlock the door to a world of typographic elegance as we delve into the enchanting realm of italicization. Like the subtle curve of a dancer’s silhouette, italics bestow a touch of sophistication upon the written word, transforming mere titles into majestic declarations.

The general rules for italics are akin to the seasoned conductor guiding a symphony—each element plays a crucial part.

Whether it’s the weighty volumes of books demanding attention, the silver screen allure of movies, or the captivating drama scripted within plays, italics paint a canvas of distinction.

This typographic magic extends to the sonorous notes of long poems and the rhythmic beats of music albums, creating a harmonious symphony of visual eloquence.

Prepare to be transported to a world where words don’t just speak; they pirouette, leaving an indelible mark on the reader’s imagination. Welcome to the theatre of italics, where every title is a leading star in the grand production of language.

Titles of Books

Titles of books, those literary treasures that beckon us into worlds unknown, stand as the heralds of intellectual exploration.

In the vast tapestry of written expression, books emerge as the venerable monarchs, their titles encapsulating the essence of entire universes waiting to be unfurled.

The careful italicization of these titles not only pays homage to their significance but also acts as a visual cue, inviting readers to embark on a journey of wordsmithing wonder.

Each italicized title becomes a portal, a gateway to realms where characters breathe life, and narratives weave tapestries of emotions.

Whether it’s the whispering secrets of fiction, the bold expositions of non-fiction, or the lyrical verses of poetry, the italicized titles of books are the keys to unlocking the boundless potential of human imagination.

In the hallowed halls of literature, the artful presentation of book titles in italics is an invitation—an invitation to traverse the limitless landscapes of knowledge and creativity.

Specific Cases for Italics

Within the labyrinth of language, italics emerge as the enigmatic sorcerers, casting spells of emphasis and distinction. In the realm of specific cases for italics, their prowess becomes even more apparent.

Picture this: titles within titles become nesting dolls of emphasis, a literary matryoshka capturing layers of significance within words.

As your eyes dance across the page, italics gracefully encircle foreign words and phrases , offering linguistic passports to exotic realms of expression.

And behold the italicized flourish when words crave emphasis, as if they donned a bespoke suit for a grand entrance onto the stage of sentences.

Specific cases for italics are the hidden alcoves in the mansion of typography, where the ordinary becomes extraordinary, and every word is a protagonist in its own narrative.

Brace yourself for a typographic spectacle, where italics don’t just punctuate; they pirouette through the prose, leaving an indelible mark on the reader’s psyche.

Titles within Titles

Titles within titles, a literary rendezvous where words engage in a delicate dance of emphasis and distinction. Like Russian nesting dolls of language, the italicized inception of one title within another creates a mesmerizing effect, a literary echo that resonates with nuanced significance.

Picture a story within a story, a tantalizing narrative inception, where each layer of italics serves as a threshold to a new dimension of meaning.

It’s not just about words; it’s a typographic artistry that invites readers to explore the labyrinthine corridors of a tale within the tale.

The subtlety of italicized titles within titles is akin to an eloquent whisper amid the cacophony of words, urging readers to pay heed to the nuanced layers beneath the surface.

This typographic play within the pages is a testament to the kaleidoscopic nature of language, where each title is not just a signpost but a gateway to a literary universe within.

Alternatives to Italics

In the symphony of typographic choices, where italics wield their elegant baton, alternatives to this classic maestro emerge as bold soloists, each playing a distinctive note in the composition of written expression.

Quotation marks, the rebellious rockstars of punctuation, strut onto the stage, offering a dynamic alternative to the italicized subtlety.

Capitalization, the regal monarch of written form, asserts its authority, standing tall as a formidable contender. These alternatives aren’t mere understudies; they are the co-stars in the typographic drama, challenging the status quo with their unique flair.

Imagine a narrative where words gleam in the spotlight of quotation marks or where the grandiosity of capitalization commands attention.

These alternatives to italics are not just substitutes; they are stylistic choices that infuse the written word with a distinctive rhythm, making each sentence a memorable verse in the symphony of storytelling.

Step into the arena of typographic experimentation, where alternatives to italics are the avant-garde artists, injecting vibrancy into the canvas of language.

Use of Quotation Marks

The use of quotation marks, those nimble acrobats of punctuation, introduces a captivating rhythm to the written symphony.

Quotation marks are not just functional signposts; they are the stage upon which dialogue, excerpts, and verbatim expressions take center spotlight.

Like a pair of literary parentheses, they cradle the spoken words, giving them a distinctive identity within the narrative tapestry.

Picture the flutter of quotation marks as characters engage in a verbal ballet, their voices resonating with a unique cadence.

It’s not merely about delineating speech; it’s an intimate choreography where the dance of words is adorned with the elegant grace of punctuation.

In the theater of language, the use of quotation marks is akin to a director’s cue, signaling the entrance of dialogue and lending an animated quality to the written script.

Whether crafting fiction or relaying real-world conversations, the judicious use of quotation marks transforms the written word into a symphony of voices, each note resonating with the reader’s imagination.

Style Guides and Their Recommendations

Enter the realm of literary sherpas, where style guides stand as wise guides, illuminating the treacherous path of punctuation and formatting.

These literary luminaries, be it the stern commander of the Modern Language Association (MLA), the discerning tactician of the American Psychological Association (APA), or the eloquent maestro of the Chicago Manual of Style, don’t just wield rules; they conduct a symphony of writing conventions.

Style guides are the Gandalfs of the manuscript, whispering, “You shall not pass!” to inconsistencies and haphazard formatting.

Each guide, with its own set of commandments, becomes the North Star in the inky expanse of authorial uncertainty.

Embarking on a writing journey without consulting these sages is like navigating a stormy sea without a compass.

In the grand tapestry of language, style guides aren’t just advisors; they are the keepers of the sacred flame of consistency, ensuring that every word, every comma, adheres to the hallowed doctrines of the written craft.

Modern Language Association (MLA)

The Modern Language Association (MLA), a venerable institution in the world of academia and literary scholarship, stands as a guiding beacon for writers navigating the labyrinth of citation and formatting.

Founded in 1883, the MLA has evolved into a stalwart guardian of scholarly communication, shaping the standards for research papers, essays, and manuscripts.

With its iconic parenthetical citations and meticulous guidelines, the MLA acts as a linguistic architect, constructing a framework that ensures clarity, consistency, and intellectual rigor in written discourse.

Academics and students alike bow to the MLA as a steadfast mentor, offering a roadmap through the intricate terrain of documentation and citation, allowing ideas to flow seamlessly from one mind to another.

In the grand mosaic of writing conventions, the MLA is a cornerstone, a testament to the timeless pursuit of precision and elegance in the written word.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

In the captivating ballet of language, where every word pirouettes across the stage, common mistakes can be likened to missteps that disrupt the rhythm of the narrative waltz.

Picture this literary dancefloor, where the misplaced twirl of a comma or the clumsy stumble of inconsistent formatting can lead to a typographic fiasco.

One of the cardinal sins is the mischievous misuse of italics, turning what should be a graceful emphasis into a chaotic cacophony.

Beware the overzealous italicizer, for too much emphasis can be as jarring as a poorly tuned instrument in a symphony.

Another pitfall is the sly inconsistency that lurks in the shadows, waiting to trip up unsuspecting writers. It’s a masquerade ball where punctuation masquerades as its grammatical counterpart, leaving sentences in disarray.

In this intricate dance of syntax, let’s not forget the dangers of neglecting the meticulous proofreading tango—a dance with typos and errors that can mar the elegance of the written performance.

In the grand theater of writing, these common mistakes aren’t just blunders; they are the mischievous sprites that threaten to turn eloquence into chaos. Dance wisely, dear writers, and may your prose glide gracefully through the literary ballroom.

Misuse of Italics

The misuse of italics in the written landscape is akin to a misplaced spotlight on the stage; instead of highlighting brilliance, it casts a glaring distraction.

This typographic misdemeanour is a subtle saboteur, transforming what should be a nuanced emphasis into an unwarranted spectacle.

A heavy-handed approach turns prose into a visual rollercoaster, where every word clamors for attention, robbing the reader of the gentle cadence that italics should provide.

It’s the equivalent of shouting in a library when a hushed whisper would suffice. The misuse of italics disrupts the delicate dance of language, diminishing the impact of truly significant words by drowning them in a sea of slanting letters.

Writers beware, for in the labyrinth of emphasis, a misstep with italics can turn a literary ballet into a chaotic mosh pit, leaving readers bewildered rather than captivated.

Practical Examples

Imagine the world of writing as a grand culinary expedition, and practical examples are the delectable ingredients that add flavor to the prose feast.

They are the saffron strands in a literary paella, the truffle shavings on the linguistical risotto. Practical examples aren’t just garnishes; they are the succulent bites that elucidate complex ideas and infuse the narrative with the richness of real-world application.

Much like master chefs crafting a gastronomic symphony, writers utilize practical examples to elevate their storytelling to a sensory experience.

These examples aren’t mere illustrations; they are the vibrant strokes that paint vivid images in the reader’s mind, turning abstract concepts into palpable realities.

So, as you embark on your literary banquet, savor the practical examples, for they are the secret sauce that transforms words into a literary feast for the mind.

Correct Italics Usage

Correct italics usage is the secret handshake of eloquent communication, a nuanced dance that adds finesse to the written language.

It is the judicious art of emphasis, guiding the reader’s gaze to the heart of the narrative with a subtle slant. Like a skilled conductor orchestrating a symphony, correct italics usage ensures that titles of books, movies, and plays step onto the stage with the regal flair they deserve.

It’s a typographic ballet where foreign words and phrases, adorned in italics, pirouette with grace amidst the prose.

Correct italics usage isn’t just about adherence to rules; it’s about infusing the written word with a visual melody that resonates in the reader’s mind.

It’s a punctuation ballet where every italicized note plays a vital role in harmonizing the symphony of expression. In the realm of language, correct italics usage is the well-timed crescendo, enhancing the resonance of each written composition.

Evolution of Italics Usage

Dive into the riveting narrative of italics, where each slanting serif tells a tale of evolution in the grand tapestry of language.

Once a humble tool for emphasis, italics have donned many masks over the centuries, morphing from typographic wallflowers into bold trendsetters.

Picture the Renaissance, where italics burst forth like eager buds in the spring, breathing life into the manuscripts of scholars and poets.

Fast forward to the digital age, and italics become the chameleons of expression, adapting seamlessly to the screens of our electronic devices.

No longer confined to the solemnity of the printed page, italics have become the graffiti artists of the written word, splashing slanted flair across social media and digital platforms.

The evolution of italics is a literary journey, a metamorphosis from quill and parchment to the pixelated playgrounds of modern communication.

In this typographic saga, italics aren’t just punctuation marks; they are shape-shifters, navigating the currents of evolving expression with unmatched finesse.

Historical Perspective

Embark on a voyage through the corridors of time, where the historical perspective of italics unfolds like an ancient manuscript waiting to be deciphered.

Italics, with its roots reaching back to the 15th century Italy, emerges as a testament to the craftsmanship of early typographers.

Initially conceived as a handwriting style to emulate the elegance of calligraphy, italics found its way into the printing press, becoming the hallmark of emphasis in early manuscripts.

The Renaissance saw italics bloom, with scholars and printers recognizing its potential to lend emphasis and visual harmony to written works.

Through quills and printing presses, italics became a silent witness to the epochs, adapting to the changing winds of writing conventions.

As the epochs unfolded, italics transcended the ink-and-paper realm, finding a new life in the digital age. In the historical tapestry of typographic evolution, italics stand as a timeless artifact, weaving a narrative that spans centuries and continents.

Frequently Asked Questions about Do You Italicize Titles?

When should i italicize titles.

Titles of longer works, such as books, movies, plays, and magazines, should be italicized. This helps distinguish them from shorter works like poems or articles .

Do I italicize titles in all writing styles?

Yes, most writing styles, including MLA, APA, and Chicago, recommend italicizing titles for longer works. However, styles may vary, so it’s essential to follow the guidelines of the specific style you’re using.

Are there exceptions to italicizing titles?

Yes, shorter works like poems, articles, and short stories are usually placed in quotation marks instead of being italicized. Additionally, specific style guides may have exceptions for certain types of works.

Can I use underlining instead of italics for titles?

Yes, when typing is not possible or practical, you can underline titles as an alternative to italics. However, it’s essential to be consistent in your choice throughout your writing.

How about titles of TV shows and songs? Do they follow the same rule?

Yes, titles of TV shows (e.g., Breaking Bad) and songs (e.g., Bohemian Rhapsody) should be italicized or placed in quotation marks, depending on the preference of your chosen writing style.

What about titles in social media posts or informal writing?

In more casual writing, such as social media posts or informal emails, italics may be less strictly adhered to. However, maintaining consistency in your formatting enhances clarity and professionalism.

Do foreign words or phrases need to be italicized?

Yes, foreign words or phrases that are not part of common English usage should be italicized. This helps readers recognize and distinguish them in the text.

How do I format titles if I’m writing by hand?

If italics are not feasible, you can underline titles when writing by hand. The goal is to visually set the title apart from the rest of the text.

Should I italicize titles of online publications and websites?

Yes, titles of websites (e.g., CNN) and online publications (e.g., The Guardian) should be italicized to indicate they are longer, standalone works.

Can you provide examples of when to italicize and when to use quotation marks?

Certainly! For instance, you italicize a book title (The Great Gatsby) but use quotation marks for a short story title (“The Lottery”). Consistency in applying these rules is key for clarity and correctness in writing.

In conclusion, understanding when to italicize titles is a fundamental aspect of proper writing conventions.

Whether you are crafting an academic paper, a creative work, or even a social media post, the consistent application of italicizing titles for longer works like books, movies, and plays, and using quotation marks for shorter works like poems and articles, contributes to the clarity and professionalism of your writing.

While variations exist among different writing styles, maintaining awareness of these guidelines ensures that your titles are appropriately formatted, making it easier for readers to navigate and comprehend your content.

So, the next time you find yourself pondering whether to italicize a title, consider the type of work and adhere to the conventions of the writing style you are following for a polished and well-structured piece.

Related Posts:

• How to Write an Address (06 Best Steps + Examples)
• How To Write A Job Posting Ad (11 Effective Ways And…
• How To Write A French Accent (10 Important Steps You…
• Do Authors Use Ghost Writers? (Explained with 05 Reasons)
• Why Does Academic Writing Require Strict Formatting?
• What Is A Snapshot In Writing? (Easy Guide & Explained)

Similar Posts

How to Make Money on Kindle Without Writing (10 Top Tips)

Welcome to the gateway of entrepreneurial possibility, where the digital revolution has bestowed upon us a golden opportunity to profit on Kindle without putting pen to paper. In a world where creativity knows no bounds and innovation thrives, the notion of making money on Kindle without writing has become a tantalizing reality for aspiring entrepreneurs…

What Is A Warrant In Writing? (Explained+ 4 Types)

In the intricate tapestry of persuasive writing, warrants emerge as the linchpins that bridge the gap between evidence and claim, lending credibility and coherence to arguments. Simply put, a warrant in writing acts as the logical connection or reasoning that links the evidence presented to the assertion or claim being made. It serves as the…

How to Write Unexpected Plot Twists (10 Best Tips)

In the realm of storytelling, few tools are as potent and exhilarating as the unexpected plot twist. A well-executed twist has the power to transform a narrative from merely entertaining to utterly unforgettable, leaving readers stunned, breathless, and clamoring for more. Yet, crafting such twists is an art form unto itself, requiring a delicate balance…

Is Content Writing A Stressful Job? (Yes, 12 Big Stressors)

In the ever-evolving digital landscape, where words wield the power to shape perceptions and drive engagement, content writing stands at the forefront of communication. However, behind the artful prose and strategic narratives, a question looms: Is content writing a stressful job? This inquiry delves into the dynamic interplay between creativity and pressure, exploring the multifaceted…

Why Is Autoblogging.ai the Best AI Writing Tool? (Answered)

In the dynamic world of content creation, where speed, quality, and innovation reign supreme, Autoblogging.ai emerges as the pinnacle of AI-driven writing tools. With its unrivaled combination of advanced natural language processing algorithms, state-of-the-art generative AI, and adaptive learning mechanisms, Autoblogging.ai transcends conventional boundaries to revolutionize the way content is crafted, consumed, and celebrated. Seamlessly…

What Is Medium Used For? Ultimate Guide For Beginners

In the kaleidoscope of human existence, the term “medium” transcends singular definitions, weaving itself into the fabric of diverse disciplines and expressions. From communication to art, science to technology, the concept of medium serves as a versatile thread that binds the intricate tapestry of human interaction, creativity, and innovation. This exploration seeks to unravel the…

•   [email protected]

MLA Style: Basics

Formatting titles.

The second core element in bibliographic citations is the title of the source. Titles in English should be presented in title or headline case and either in quotation marks or italicized. End this core element with a period.

What do you mean 'either in quotation marks OR italicized'?

In general, the titles of longer works are italicized and the titles of shorter works are enclosed in quotation marks. [2.106] Books, movies, podcasts, musical albums, an journals are all italicized. Poems, YouTube videos, podcast episodes, song titles, and journal, newspaper and magazine articles are all enclosed in quotation marks.

Works without titles

If the work doesn't have a title, don't skip this element. Instead, write your own concise description of the source. Descriptions of works are not included in quotation marks. [5.28] Some untitled short works, like poems, use the first line as a title. In this case, include the first line as presented in the work and include it in quotation marks [5.29]

Shortening Titles

Very long titles can be shortened in your works cited list. Make sure you retain enough of the title for your reader to understand which source you're citing, and note that you've shortened the title with ellipses. The period or comma that ends the core element comes after these ellipses. [5.26]

What is title case?

Title or headline case is when you capitalize nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, subordinating conjunctions, and the first word of a title. Don't capitalize prepositions, coordinating conjunctions, the to in infinitives, or articles. [2.90]

What about titles in languages other than English?

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and words normally capitalized in prose. [2.91]

For additional guidance, consult the MLA handbook.

• << Previous: Formatting Authors
• Next: Formatting Dates >>

When to Use Italics: The Complete Guide

by Liz Bureman and Sue Weems | 0 comments

Free Book Planning Course!  Sign up for our 3-part book planning course and make your book writing easy . It expires soon, though, so don’t wait.  Sign up here before the deadline!

We've covered italicization in song titles and album titles already , but let's look at a complete guide of when to use italics. 

What is italicization?

Italicization is the use of italics , a typeface that mimics cursive and leans or slants to the right.

Why use italics?

Italics are used to distinguish certain text from the rest for emphasis or sometimes contrast. As with all grammar and formatting conventions, italics should be used to make a message clearer to the audience.

When to use italics

In the English language, italics are usually used to set apart titles and names of specific kinds of objects or works.

Use italics for book titles and play titles

Titles of books are italicized, but you probably already knew that. Example: Gone Girl is still probably one of my favorite books that I read in 2014.

Other examples: The Crucible by Arthur Miller Sula by Toni Morrison

Use italics for magazine, newspaper, and periodical titles

All titles of newspapers, magazines, periodicals, and academic journals are italicized. Examples:

Magazine: The Atlantic Newspaper: The New York Times Professional periodicals: Publishers Weekly ; Library Journal Academic Journal: Journal of the American Medical Association , Harvard Business Review

Note: magazines, newspapers, professional periodicals, and academic journals all contain individual articles by different writers. Those article titles are indicated by the use of quotation marks .

Use italics for website titles

Website titles are italicized, and individual posts on websites are put in quotation marks, like articles.

For example: The Write Practice ran a series on writing short stories and the master article is called “ How to Write a Short Story ” by Sarah Gribble.

Other examples: Facebook Wikipedia

Use italics for television show titles

The names of TV shows are italicized, while the titles of each individual episode of a show are put in quotations.

Example: While all of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is amazing, my favorite episode is probably “Kimmy Goes to School!”

The Wire Game of Thrones

Use italics for movie titles

Movie titles are always italicized.

Examples: I saw Top Gun: Maverick last month for nostalgia's sake.

Everything Everywhere All at Once , starring Michelle Yeoh

Use italics for album titles

Album titles are always italicized. For example, while I will openly admit to loving Journey’s power ballad “Faithfully,” I think pretty much every song on their Greatest Hits album should be sung at karaoke nights across the country.

Other examples: Renaissance by Beyonce Harry's House by Harry Styles

Note: individual song titles are noted by quotation marks.

Use italics for works of art

All artwork titles use italics, from paintings to sculpture. Examples:

Sugar Shack by Ernie Barnes Black Iris by Georgia O'Keefe David by Michelangelo

Use italics for radio or podcast program titles

Radio and podcast programs take italics, while their individual episodes take quotation marks. Examples:

This American Life Fresh Air, National Public Radio On Being with Krista Tippett

Use italics for named vessels: ships, spacecraft, aircraft

Any named craft used for transportation will take italics.

Examples: USS America, Challenger, Pequod

Use italics for technical terms (sometimes)

In some academic texts, technical or new terms are often marked by italics the first time they are used in the paper. Check your assigned style guide (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc) to see how to indicate new terms.

Use italics for foreign words (sometimes)

Some style manuals (notably APA and Chicago) suggest using italics the first time an unfamiliar non-English word is used in a paper. This practice can vary depending on the publisher and the audience, so pay attention to any requirements.

It's okay to need to look up the rules for italicization. That's why we've published this handy guide!

How do you feel about your italicization skills? Do you always remember what titles to italicize and which to leave alone? Let us know in the comments section .

Put your italicization skills to the test. For fifteen minutes, write about one of the following:

• A serial killer who calls himself “The Reviewer” who murders his favorite actors, writers, and musicians.
• A detective hunting a serial killer who calls himself “The Reviewer.”

When you’re finished, share your work in the Pro Practice Workshop.   Not a member yet? Join us !

Liz Bureman

Liz Bureman has a more-than-healthy interest in proper grammatical structure, accurate spelling, and the underappreciated semicolon. When she's not diagramming sentences and reading blogs about how terribly written the Twilight series is, she edits for the Write Practice, causes trouble in Denver, and plays guitar very slowly and poorly. You can follow her on Twitter (@epbure), where she tweets more about music of the mid-90s than writing.

Sue Weems is a writer, teacher, and traveler with an advanced degree in (mostly fictional) revenge. When she’s not rationalizing her love for parentheses (and dramatic asides), she follows a sailor around the globe with their four children, two dogs, and an impossibly tall stack of books to read. You can read more of her writing tips on her website .

Trackbacks/Pingbacks

• Pick of the Twitter: March, 2015 | Annie Daylon - […] The Complete Italicization Guide  @write_practice […]
• Do You Italicize Book Titles? And Other Title Conundrums - The Write Practice - […] Whatever kind of media you’re working with, examine it through this principle: italics for large works; quotation marks for…
• Do You Italicize Book Titles? And Other Title Conundrums | rogerpseudonym - […] Whatever kind of media you’re working with, examine it through this principle: italics for large works; quotation marks for…
• Do You Italicize Book Titles? And Other Title Conundrums - […] Whatever kind of media you’re working with, examine it through this principle: italics for large works; quotation marks for…

Submit a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Submit Comment

Join over 450,000 readers who are saying YES to practice. You’ll also get a free copy of our eBook 14 Prompts :

Popular Resources

Book Writing Tips & Guides Creativity & Inspiration Tips Writing Prompts Grammar & Vocab Resources Best Book Writing Software ProWritingAid Review Writing Teacher Resources Publisher Rocket Review Scrivener Review Gifts for Writers

Books By Our Writers

You've got it! Just us where to send your guide.

Enter your email to get our free 10-step guide to becoming a writer.

You've got it! Just us where to send your book.

Enter your first name and email to get our free book, 14 Prompts.

Want to Get Published?

Enter your email to get our free interactive checklist to writing and publishing a book.

• Research by Subject
• All Databases (A-Z)
• Course Reserves
• Journals by Title
• A book on the shelf
• Digital Collections
• Interlibrary Loan
• Make Appointment with Librarian
• Schedule a Class (faculty)
• Poster Production / Media
• Online / Distance Services
• Book a Study Room
• Special Collections
• Study Rooms
• All Policies
• Support the Library
• BuleyWise Blog
• Buley Bulletin
• Floor Plans
• Library Directory
• Library Hours
• The Director's Page
• Library Impact Dashboard

MLA Style Guide Eighth Edition

• MLA Style Guide Home
• Interactive Practice Template
• Automatically Generate Citations within the Databases!
• Free citation Software on the Web
• What's new in MLA 8th Edition?
• Title of Container
• Other Contributors
• Publication Date
• In-text Citation
• Annotated Bibliography
• Model MLA Paper
• EasyBib MLA 8th Edition

Title of Source. The title is usually taken from an authoritative location in the source such as the title page. It is the name of the source you are using. Capitalize the following parts of speech in a title: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, subordinating conjunctions (although, because, unless, after, until, when, where, while, etc.). Do not capitalize articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions, the "to" in infinitives if they appear in the middle of the title. A colon separates the title from the subtitle unless it ends in a question mark or exclamation. Titles should be italicized or enclosed in quotation marks. Titles that are independent and self-contained (e.g., books) and titles of containers (e.g., anthologies) should be italicized. Titles that are contained in larger works (e.g., short stories) should be in quotation s. Exceptions to the above rule are: 1) Scripture (Genesis, Bible, Gospels, Upanishads, Old Testament, Talmud, etc.) Titles of individualized scripture writings, however, should be italicized and treated like any other published work.(e.g. The Interlinear Bible) 2) Names of laws, acts and political documents (Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence, Magna Carta, Treaty of Marseilles, etc.) 3) Musical compositions identified by form, number, and key (Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 in A, op. 92) 4) Series titles (Critical American Studies, Bollingen Series, etc.) 5) Conferences, seminars, workshops, and courses (MLA Annual Convention, English 110)

The title of the work follows the author and ends with a period . Mitchell, Margaret. Gone With the Wind . New York: Macmillan, 1961.

A sub-title is included after the main title . Joyce, Michael. Othermindedness: The Emergence of Network Culture. U of Michigan P, 2000. Baron, Sabrina Alcorn et al., editors. Agent of Change: Print Culture Studies after Elizabeth L. Eisenstein. U of               Massachusetts P /Center for the Book, Library of Congress, 2007.

The title of a story, poem or essay in a collection, as part of a larger whole, is placed in quotation marks . Dewar, James A., and Peng Hwa Ang. "The Cultural Consequences of Printing and the Internet." Agent of Change: Print             Culture Studies after Elizabeth L. Eisenstein. U of Massachusetts P /Center for the Book, Library of Congress,             2007, pp. 365-77. 

Independent work in a collection When a work that is normally independent (such as a novel or play) appears in a collection, the work's title remains in italics. Euripides. The Trojan Women . Ten Plays, translated by Paul Roche, New American Library, 1998, pp. 457-512.

The title of a periodical (journal, magazine, or newspaper) is in italics and the title of the article is in quotation marks. Goldman, Anne. "Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante." The Georgia Review, vol. 64, no. 1, 2010           pp. 69-88. Note: This rule applies to all media forms such as the title of a television series, an episode in a television series, a song or piece of music in an album, a posting or article on a web page. See examples below. Television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer . Created by Joss Whedon, performance by Sarah Michelle Gellar, Mutant Enemy, 1997-2003. Episode in a television series "Hush." Buffy the Vampire Slayer , created by Joss Whedon, performance by Sarah           Michelle Gellar, season 4, episode 10, Mutant Enemy, 1997-2003. Web site Hollmichel, Stefanie. So Many Books . 2003-13, somanybooksbkog.com Note: When giving a URL, omit http and https. Posting of an article on a web site Hollmichel, Stefanie. "The Reading Brain: Differences Between Digital and Print."           So Many Books, 25 April 2013, somanybooksblog.com/2013/04/25/the-reading-brain-differences-between-digital-           and-print/. A song or piece of music in an album Beyonce. "Pretty Hurts." Beyonce , Parkwood Entertainment, 2013,           www.beyonce.com/album/beyonce/?media_view=songs.

Untitled Source In the place of the title, provide a generic description of the source without italics or quotation marks. Capitalize the first word in the title and any proper nouns in it. Mackintosh, Charles Rennie. Chair of Stained Oak. 1897-1900, Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

Comment or review of a title in an online forum Jeane. Comment on "The Reading Brain: Differences Between Digital and Print." So Many Books, 25 Apr. 2013,            10:30 p.m., somanybooksblog.com/2013/04/25/the-reading-brain-differences-between-digital-and-            print/#comment-83030

Review of a title in an online forum Mackin, Joseph. Review of The Pleasures of Reading of an age of Distraction , by Alan Jacobs. New York Journal of Books, 2 June 2011, www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/            pleasures-reading-age-distraction.

Tweet Reproduce the full text without changing anything and enclose within quotation marks. @persiankiwi."We have report of large street battles in east and west of Tehran now. - #Iranelection." Twitter ,            23 June 2009, 11:15 a.m., twitter.com/persianwiki/status/2298106072.

E-mail message Use subject as the title. Subject is enclosed in quotation marks. Boyle, Anthony T. "Re: Utopia." Received by Daniel J. Cayhill, 21 June 1997.

Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword Capitalize the term in the works cited list but do not italicize or enclose in quotation marks. The term need not be capitalized in in-text discussion. Felstiner, John. Preface. Selected Poems and Prose of Paul Celan , by Paul Celan, translated by Felstiner              W.W. Norton, 2001, pp.xix-xxxvi.

Translations of Titles Place translations of titles for foreign works in square brackets in the works cited list. The translation appears next to the title.

Shortened titles The first time a title is mentioned in your work, it should appear in full. If the title is repeated in the work, it can be shortened to a familiar one (e.g., Skylark for Ode to a Skylark).

• << Previous: Author
• Next: Title of Container >>
• Last Updated: Dec 15, 2023 1:48 PM
• URL: https://libguides.southernct.edu/mla

• Link to facebook
• Link to linkedin
• Link to twitter
• Link to youtube
• Writing Tips

Formatting Titles in Essays

2-minute read

• 8th May 2018

Handling your own headings is one thing, but how should you write the titles of other works? You need to mark them out somehow, and you have two standard options: italics or quote marks.

This is especially important in academic writing , as you’ll often have to discuss books and papers written by other people. Here, then, are some guidelines you should follow when formatting titles.

When to Use Italics

You can often spot a title from the capitalisation , but we still format titles to distinguish between different types of source. Titles of longer sources, for example, typically use italics:

Here, Kerrang! is italicised because it is the title of a magazine (i.e. a standalone work that is not one part of a larger whole). Other publications and productions that this applies to include:

• Academic journals
• Newspapers and magazines
• Websites and blogs
• Films and TV shows
• Radio programmes
• Plays and other stage shows
• Book-length poems
• Paintings and other works of art
• Music albums

The key here, then, is that italics are used for longer published works .

Find this useful?

Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.

When to Use Quote Marks

We use quote marks for the title of anything that doesn’t fit in the list above. Usually, this will be something that is part of a more substantial publication, such as an article from a magazine:

In this case, we see both the magazine title and an article title. Using italics on the former and quote marks on the latter makes it immediately obvious which is which. Other cases where quote marks are required include:

• Chapters from books
• Academic papers and journal articles
• Articles from newspapers and magazines
• Single pages from a website or posts from a blog
• Individual poems and short stories
• Single episodes of a TV series
• Single poems from a collection
• Songs and other short recordings

In this case, the key is that quote marks are used for shorter works . However, quote marks are also used for unpublished works regardless of length (e.g. a draft manuscript or a PhD dissertation).

Share this article:

Post A New Comment

Get help from a language expert. Try our proofreading services for free.

3-minute read

How to Insert a Text Box in a Google Doc

Google Docs is a powerful collaborative tool, and mastering its features can significantly enhance your...

How to Cite the CDC in APA

If you’re writing about health issues, you might need to reference the Centers for Disease...

5-minute read

Six Product Description Generator Tools for Your Product Copy

Introduction If you’re involved with ecommerce, you’re likely familiar with the often painstaking process of...

What Is a Content Editor?

Are you interested in learning more about the role of a content editor and the...

4-minute read

The Benefits of Using an Online Proofreading Service

Proofreading is important to ensure your writing is clear and concise for your readers. Whether...

6 Online AI Presentation Maker Tools

Creating presentations can be time-consuming and frustrating. Trying to construct a visually appealing and informative...

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.

Scale your content creation with Strategically AI | Talk to us

The Art of Italicizing Essay Titles: A Writer's Guide

When you're knee-deep in the world of academic or professional writing, the question of whether to italicize essay titles can be as perplexing as choosing the right metaphor for your conclusion. It's a detail that might seem small, but in the realm of effective writing, it's a significant one. In this article, we'll unravel the mystery surrounding the italicization of essay titles, ensuring your essays not only read well but also look the part.

Understanding When to Italicize Essay Titles

The decision to italicize an essay title is not just a stylistic choice, but one that's guided by established conventions in writing. Generally, the rule of thumb in academic and professional writing is to italicize the titles of longer works and to use quotation marks for shorter works. But, as with any rule, there are nuances to understand.

Italicizing Long Works

In most style guides, including APA, MLA, and Chicago, the titles of longer works like books, plays, movies, and, yes, standalone essays, are italicized. This helps to distinguish them from shorter pieces, like articles or poems, which are typically enclosed in quotation marks.

Examples for Better Understanding

• The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare
• A Room of One's Own by Virginia Woolf

Short Works: Quotation Marks

On the flip side, shorter works, such as articles from journals, chapters from books, or individual poems, are generally enclosed in quotation marks. This distinction helps to immediately signal to the reader the length and context of the work being referenced.

Clear Examples

• "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost
• "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Navigating Exceptions and Variations

Of course, in the English language, exceptions are as common as commas. Some style guides have specific rules for certain types of works. For instance, in journalism, essay titles are often placed in quotation marks, regardless of their length. Always consider the style guide you are adhering to and the context of your writing.

Tips for Perfect Formatting

• When in doubt, refer to the specific style guide required for your writing.
• Remember, consistency is key. Stick to one style throughout your document.
• If you're self-publishing or not bound by a specific style guide, choose a format and be consistent with it.

Advanced Considerations: Digital Writing and SEO

In the digital age, formatting decisions can also impact how your content performs online. While search engines don't specifically rank for italicization, the clarity and professionalism of well-formatted titles can influence reader engagement and sharing.

Embracing Digital Best Practices

• In blog posts or online articles, clarity is crucial. If your platform doesn't support italicization, using quotation marks is an acceptable alternative.
• Consider your audience; online readers often scan content, so clear formatting is key.

Whether you're a student, a professional writer, or just someone looking to polish their writing skills, understanding when and how to italicize essay titles is a valuable part of your writing toolkit. It's not just about following rules; it's about communicating with clarity and precision.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do i italicize essay titles in apa format.

Yes, in APA format, the titles of longer works like essays are italicized.

Should essay titles be italicized in MLA format?

Yes, in MLA format, standalone works like essays should be italicized.

What if I'm writing a blog post?

In a blog post, if italicization is not available, using quotation marks is acceptable. The key is clarity and consistency.

How do I handle essay titles in a handwritten document?

In handwritten documents, underlining is traditionally used in place of italics.

Are there any online tools to help with formatting?

Yes, there are various online writing tools and platforms that can assist with formatting, including italicization.

Struggling to get your writing just right? Our expert content writing agency is here to help! We specialize in creating SEO-optimized content that resonates with your audience. With unlimited revisions and a commitment to quality, we're here to elevate your writing to its full potential. Contact us today!

Scale your content creation with Strategically

Like this article spread the word, related articles.

Finity has a collection of latest 2,500 jobs to join next companies.

• For Talents
• For Companies
• Facebook Group
• Meet the Team

© Finity 2019, All Rights Reserved

Built with love by Grayic

Styling Titles of Online Works

Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook . For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook .

To determine whether to style a work on a website in italics or quotation marks, you must consider the work’s length, genre, and context. Long works and works that are self-contained and independent are generally styled in italics. Short works and works that form part of a larger work are generally styled in quotation marks. 

Online Works Styled in Italics

A website is an independent work and is thus styled in italics: 

Eaves, Morris, et al., editors. The William Blake Archive . 1996-2014, www.blakearchive.org/blake/.

Book-length works like novels and nonfiction studies are normally independent, so even if the version you consult is contained within another independent work, such as a database, it is still styled in italics:

Gikandi, Simon. Ngugi wa Thiong’o . Cambridge UP, 2000.  ACLS Humanities E-book , hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.07588.0001.001.

Radcliffe, Anne. The Novels of Mrs. Anne Radcliffe: Complete in One Volume . Hurst, Robinson, 1824. Google Books , books.google.com.

Plays are treated as independent works, even when they are contained within another independent work, such as a website:

Shakespeare, William. Othello . Edited by Jessica Slights, modern ed.,   Internet Shakespeare Editions , U of Victoria, internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/Oth/. Accessed 12 Nov. 2017.

Movies and Television Series

Movies and television series are normally independent, so they too are styled in italics, even when they are contained within a website:

Richardson, Tony, director.  Sanctuary . Screenplay by James Poe, performances by Lee Remick and Yves Montand, Twentieth Century Fox, 1961.  YouTube , uploaded by LostCinemaChannel, 17 July 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMnzFM_Sq8s.

Victoria . PBS , WGBH Educational Foundation, 2017, www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/shows/victoria/. 

Videos on Online Sharing Sites

If an online video seems to be an independent work, style it in italics like a movie:

Slip Slip Knit (SSK). YouTube , uploaded by TheKnitWitch, 14 Feb. 2007, www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGwcYW3GG3M.

Works of Art

The same is true of works of art: they are normally independent so are styled in italics even when they are contained within a museum’s website:

Bearden, Romare.  The Train. 1975.  MOMA , www.moma.org/collection/ works/65232?locale=en.

Online Works Styled in Quotation Marks

Songs and Music Videos

Songs are normally styled in quotation marks because they are short and often originally contained in albums. If you know that a song was originally released on its own, however, you may style it in italics. A music video is the visual equivalent of a song so is styled in quotation marks. To make clear to your reader that you are citing a video, include “Video” in the optional-element slot at the end of the entry:

Beyoncé. “Pretty Hurts.” Beyoncé , Parkwood Entertainment, 2013, www.beyonce.com/album/beyonce/?media_view=songs.

Beyoncé. “Pretty Hurts.”  Beyoncé , www.beyonce.com/video/. Video.

Television Episodes

Television episodes are short and originally part of a series, so they are styled in quotation marks: 

“Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Unaired Pilot 1996.” YouTube , uploaded by Brian Stowe, 28 Jan. 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=WR3J-v7QXXw.

Essays, Articles, and Blog Posts

A short-form piece of writing that is part of a larger independent work is styled in quotation marks:

Danticat, Edwidge. “Edwidge Danticat: Dawn after the Tempests.” The New York Times , 6 Nov. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/11/06/travel/       edwidge-danticat-hurricane-irma-maria-tourist-grenada.html. Goldman, Anne. “Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante.” The Georgia Review , vol. 64, no. 1, 2010, pp. 69-88. JSTOR , www.jstor.org/stable/41403188. Lang, James. “Will They Remember Writing It?” Chronicle Vitae ,  Chronicle of Higher Education, 7 Nov. 2017, chroniclevitae.com/news/    1939-will-they-remember-writing-it.

A story is generally considered a short work and often published as part of a collection or in a magazine, so it too is styled in quotation marks:

Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Masque of the Red Death.” The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, edited by James A. Harrison, vol. 4, Thomas Y. Crowell, 1902, pp. 250-58.  HathiTrust Digital Library , babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924079574368;view=1up; seq=266. Enright, Anne. “The Hotel.”  The New Yorker , 6 Nov. 2017, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/11/06/the-hotel.

Poems–except for epic poems such as  Paradise Lost –are usually styled in quotation marks, even if they are published by themselves on a website rather than as part of a collection:

Shelley, Percy Bysshe. “Matilda Gathering Flowers.”  Poetry Foundation , 2017, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/92195/matilda-gathering-flowers.

By convention, lectures are styled in quotation marks, so they are styled thus when contained in a website:

Allende, Isabel. “Tales of Passion.”  TED: Ideas Worth Spreading , Jan. 2008, www.ted.com/talks/isabel_allende_tells_tales_of_passion?language=en. 

15 Comments

Annette velasquez 15 march 2019 at 04:03 pm.

Do I use italics for the name of a published government report?

Your e-mail address will not be published

Jennifer A. Rappaport 17 March 2019 AT 08:03 AM

Yes. You can find examples on pages 104-05 of the eighth edition of the handbook.

sue 12 December 2019 AT 08:12 PM

What about YouTube channels which have several episodes? For example, the episode "Why do prime numbers make these spirals?" is on the YouTube 3blue1brown channel.

Is YouTube italicized? What about 3blue1brown?

Thank you, Sue

Jennifer A. Rappaport 13 December 2019 AT 07:12 AM

Thanks for your question. YouTube is always italicized in MLA style since it's the name of a Web site. Video titles can be styled in italics or quotation marks. We style them in italics if they video seems to be a stand-alone work. Since television and podcast episodes are set in quotation marks, it seems logical style a video episode in quotation marks as well.

Arathi 13 January 2020 AT 12:01 PM

When iam citing an film uploaded on YouTube should I start the entry with the title of the film or the name of the director ?

Jennifer A. Rappaport 15 January 2020 AT 07:01 AM

Thanks for your question. See our post on this topic: https://style.mla.org/cite-film-by-title-or-director/

Arathi 01 February 2020 AT 02:02 PM

Please suggest the way to cite a review with a unique title.

Jennifer A. Rappaport 02 February 2020 AT 08:02 PM

Thanks for your question. Please see the example in this Style Center post: https://style.mla.org/citing-an-amazon-review/.

Rebecca Suzanne Call 29 September 2021 AT 05:09 PM

This is a fantastic presentation. Any chance you have an updated (MLA 9) version? Thanks!

Sami khan 01 November 2021 AT 12:11 PM

Kindly guide me that how can I cite an Act in my paper. For example I have mentioned American Wilderness Act in my thesis but I do jot know how to cite it.

Laura Kiernan 08 November 2021 AT 01:11 PM

Thank you for your question; please see our post on documenting legal works .

Janet Cara 16 January 2022 AT 12:01 PM

Is Date Accessed still used?

Celia Cooley 25 February 2022 AT 10:02 PM

Would a short film (such as the Pixar shorts) be italicized or put in quotation marks?

Debbie Abilock 06 May 2022 AT 12:05 PM

What about this titled short work "Faces I'll Never Forget" within an anthology of short works "Tiny Love Stories: 'We Slow-Danced on the Sidewalk' as part of a larger project Modern Love? https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/03/style/tiny-modern-love-stories-we-slow-danced-on-the-sidewalk.html?

Lisa Jacques 07 December 2022 AT 07:12 PM

In the body of a persuasive essay, do you place quotes around the title of the article or italicize it?

Join the Conversation

We invite you to comment on this post and exchange ideas with other site visitors. Comments are moderated and subject to terms of service.

If you have a question for the MLA's editors, submit it to Ask the MLA!

• Readers Read
• Screenwriting
• Songwriting
• Writing Contests

The general rule is to use italics on book titles, album titles and publication names for a web document or when you are using a word processing tool. If it is something handwritten you should underline it instead of using italics.

Longer works are italicized while shorter works like song titles or an article from a magazine are put in quotes and are not italicized.

Here are some italics examples:

Karlie Kloss to Relaunch Life Magazine at Bedford Media

NBF Expands National Book Awards Eligibility Criteria

Striking Writers and Actors March Together on Hollywood Streets

Vice Media Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

Oprah Selects The Covenant of Water as 101st Book Club Pick

• Self-publishing
• Technical Writing
• Writing Prompts

• Link to facebook
• Link to linkedin
• Link to twitter
• Link to youtube
• Writing Tips

Titles in Essays (Italics or Quote Marks?)

4-minute read

• 26th February 2018

Formatting your own essay title is easy (just bung a Heading style on it). Unfortunately, the rules about formatting the titles of existing published works (e.g. a textbook or an article from a journal) are more complicated. Usually, though, it comes down to one question: italics or quote marks?

But most students will need to name a book, journal or website in an essay at some point, so it’s important to know how this works. To help you out, we’ve prepared this guide on when to use italics and when to use quote marks for titles.

When to Use Italics

Titles of longer works are usually italicised. A ‘longer work’ in this case is something presented as a standalone publication. Charles Dickens’ famous novel, for example, would be written as Great Expectations if it were named in an essay.

Other examples of longer works that should be italicised include:

• Books and book-length poems (e.g. ‘An analysis of The Wasteland shows…’)
• Journals, newspapers and magazines (e.g. ‘According to The Guardian …’)
• Websites and blogs (e.g. ‘The project was funded via Unbound …’)
• Films (e.g. ‘ Jaws broke several box-office records…’)
• TV series (e.g. ‘Many fans of The X-Files claim…’)
• Plays and other stage shows (e.g. ‘This production of Swan Lake is…’)
• Paintings and works of art (e.g. ‘The Mona Lisa is currently housed…’)
• Music albums (e.g. ‘The album Sticky Fingers was released in…’)

The key factor is that all of these are standalone products, not part of a greater whole. The main exceptions to this rule are holy texts, such as the Bible, which are not typically italicised.

Italics are also used for the names of particular vehicles in some cases, especially ships and spacecraft. For example, we might write about the space shuttle Enterprise or the HMS Beagle (note that the ‘HMS’ is not italicised, since this is an abbreviation).

When to Use Quote Marks

Quote marks , meanwhile, are usually saved for shorter works. These are often part of a larger publication, such as an article in a newspaper or a chapter in an edited book. For example, if we were to name a book and a chapter in one place we’d write:

Find this useful?

Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.

Hugh Wilder’s ‘Interpretive Cognitive Ethology’ was first published in Readings in Animal Cognition , edited by Marc Bekoff and Dale Jamieson.

As indicated by the italics, the book here is called Readings in Animal Cognition . ‘Interpretive Cognitive Ethology’, meanwhile, is an essay from the book, so we use quote marks for this title.

Cases where quotation marks are used for titles include:

• Chapters from books
• Articles in newspapers, magazines and journals
• Particular pages or articles from a website
• Individual poems and short stories
• Episodes from a TV show

It is also common to use quote marks for unpublished writing regardless of length. For example, if you were referring to an unfinished manuscript or a PhD dissertation, you would put the title in quote marks; but if these same documents were published, you would use italics.

Look Out for Exceptions!

The guidelines above will apply in most cases, but there are exceptions. The APA style guide, for example, recommends italicising book titles in the main text of an essay, but not in the reference list. As such, it is wise to check your style guide to see if it has specific advice on formatting titles.

Share this article:

Post A New Comment

Get help from a language expert. Try our proofreading services for free.

3-minute read

How to Insert a Text Box in a Google Doc

Google Docs is a powerful collaborative tool, and mastering its features can significantly enhance your...

2-minute read

How to Cite the CDC in APA

If you’re writing about health issues, you might need to reference the Centers for Disease...

5-minute read

Six Product Description Generator Tools for Your Product Copy

Introduction If you’re involved with ecommerce, you’re likely familiar with the often painstaking process of...

What Is a Content Editor?

Are you interested in learning more about the role of a content editor and the...

The Benefits of Using an Online Proofreading Service

Proofreading is important to ensure your writing is clear and concise for your readers. Whether...

6 Online AI Presentation Maker Tools

Creating presentations can be time-consuming and frustrating. Trying to construct a visually appealing and informative...

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.

Do You Underline Play Titles When Writing? Essential Tips

My name is Debbie, and I am passionate about developing a love for the written word and planting a seed that will grow into a powerful voice that can inspire many.

Introduction: Understanding Play Titles and Formatting

Understanding the basic rules of writing and formatting play titles, the importance of consistency in play title formatting, tips for correctly formatting play titles in writing, the influence of style guides on play title formatting, essential tips for underlining play titles in writing, exploring alternative methods for formatting play titles, in summary: navigating play title formatting with confidence, frequently asked questions, insights and conclusions.

Play titles and formatting may seem like a complex aspect of the theatrical world, but understanding the basics can greatly enhance your appreciation and knowledge of plays. In this section, we will delve into the intricacies of play titles and explore the importance of formatting.

Firstly, let’s discuss play titles. A play’s title is like its identity, capturing the essence of the work and captivating the audience’s attention. Titles can vary greatly, ranging from descriptive and straightforward to enigmatic and thought-provoking. When referencing a play title in your writing, it is essential to follow certain formatting rules. In general, play titles should be italicized or underlined, signaling that they are a separate entity from the surrounding text. For instance, William Shakespeare’s world-renowned tragedy, “Hamlet,” showcases the proper formatting.

Now, let’s turn our attention to play formatting. While it may not be as immediately captivating as the title, formatting plays a crucial role in ensuring a seamless and coherent theatrical experience. Act and scene divisions are typically utilized to structure a play, enabling the audience to follow the story’s progression. These divisions are usually labeled in capital letters and centered on the page, emphasizing their significance. Additionally, character names are often indented and written in uppercase, allowing actors and readers to easily identify their dialogue. Be sure to familiarize yourself with these formatting conventions, as they are essential for effectively understanding plays and communicating about them with others.

In conclusion, understanding play titles and formatting is integral to unraveling the rich tapestry of the theatrical world. By properly formatting titles and employing the appropriate structure within a script, playwrights and readers ensure a cohesive and engaging experience. So, whether you’re a theater enthusiast, an avid reader, or a budding playwright, mastering the art of play titles and formatting is sure to deepen your appreciation for the dramatic arts.

Play titles are a crucial element of any theatrical work, and understanding the basic rules of writing and formatting them is essential for any writer or aspiring playwright. Here are some key guidelines to help you navigate this creative process successfully:

1. Capitalization: When writing a play title, always capitalize the important words, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. However, articles (a, an, the), prepositions (in, on, between), and conjunctions (and, but, or) should remain lowercase, unless they are the first or last word in the title.

2. Quotation Marks: Play titles should always be enclosed in quotation marks. This helps distinguish the title from the rest of the text and adds a visual emphasis. For example, use quotation marks when referring to renowned plays like “Romeo and Juliet” or “Death of a Salesman.”

3. Italics: When formatting play titles in written documents or manuscripts, instead of using quotation marks, it is customary to use italics. This helps make the title stand out and adds a professional touch. For instance, when writing an essay about a specific play, use italics to highlight the title like Macbeth or A Streetcar Named Desire.

4. Punctuation: In play titles, punctuation marks like colons or commas are not mandatory, unless they are part of the original title. If a play uses punctuation in its official title, it should be included when writing or formatting it.

can greatly enhance your work as a playwright or writer. By adhering to proper capitalization, quotation marks or italics, and punctuation, you can effectively convey the significance and aesthetic appeal of the play titles to your readers and audiences. So, whether you’re writing an essay, script, or promotional material, mastering these guidelines will undoubtedly amplify your creative expression.

Consistency is key when it comes to formatting the titles of plays. Maintaining a consistent format not only enhances the overall aesthetic appeal, but it also helps establish a professional and organized impression. By adhering to a standardized layout for play titles, it becomes easier for readers and audience members to navigate through different works and identify them effectively.

One of the main benefits of consistency in play title formatting is that it enables easy categorization and sorting in databases or libraries. When titles are formatted consistently, it becomes simpler to alphabetize or search for specific plays based on their titles. This is especially crucial for researchers, scholars, or theater enthusiasts who rely on streamlined access to numerous plays for their work or personal needs. Additionally, using consistent formatting can help prevent any confusion or ambiguity that may arise due to variant title styles used by different authors or publishers.

To ensure consistency in play title formatting, consider the following guidelines: – Always capitalize the first and last words of the title, as well as all major words in between. This excludes articles, prepositions, and conjunctions unless they are the first or last word of the title. – Use italics or underline to distinguish the title from surrounding text. – Consistently include any subtitle or alternate titles in brackets or parentheses, following the main title. – Pay attention to punctuation rules, such as using quotation marks for titles of shorter works within a play title. – If abbreviations or acronyms are used in a play title, be consistent in their usage throughout.

One of the fundamentals of writing is correctly formatting play titles, as they serve as important elements to convey the essence of a theatrical work. When referring to the title of a play within your writing, it is essential to follow specific guidelines to ensure accuracy and professionalism. By adhering to these formatting tips, you can effectively showcase your knowledge and appreciation for the world of theater.

Firstly, one common rule is to italicize play titles. This helps to distinguish them from the surrounding text and highlights their significance. For example, if you are discussing a well-known play such as William Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet,” remember to use the italic HTML tags when mentioning the title. By doing so, you convey to your readers that you are referencing the title of a specific theatrical production.

Additionally, when mentioning a play title within the text, it is customary to capitalize all major words. This includes nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. For instance, if you are writing about Tennessee Williams’ acclaimed play “A Streetcar Named Desire,” correctly capitalize each major word when mentioning it in your text. By applying proper capitalization, you present a polished and respectful reflection of the play’s title.

Moreover, if you are including a play title in your bibliography or reference list, it is important to preserve the formatting style. List the title of the play in italics, maintain title case capitalization, and include any additional pertinent information such as the author, publication date, and edition, if applicable. Following these guidelines ensures that your writing maintains a professional and coherent appearance.

Formatting play titles can be a tricky task, but fortunately, style guides play a vital role in providing clear instructions that help maintain consistency and professionalism. Whether you’re an aspiring playwright or a theater enthusiast, adhering to these guidelines ensures that your play titles are presented correctly and enhance the overall aesthetic appeal. Here are some key aspects influenced by style guides when it comes to play title formatting:

1. Capitalization: Style guides commonly recommend capitalizing all significant words in a play title. This includes nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. However, it’s important to exclude articles, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions that have fewer than five letters, unless they are the first or last word of the title.

Underlining play titles is an essential aspect of writing that adds clarity and professionalism to your work. Whether you are writing an essay, manuscript, or even a simple blog post, knowing the correct way to underline play titles can greatly enhance your content. Here are some essential tips to keep in mind:

1. Use italics instead of underlining: In modern writing, italics have become the preferred way to indicate play titles. Italicizing play titles helps to differentiate them from regular text and makes them visually stand out. Thus, instead of underlining play titles, apply italics to convey the significance of the title.

2. Consistency is key: When underlining play titles, ensure you maintain consistency throughout your piece. It is crucial to apply the same formatting style to all play titles, whether they appear in the main body, headings, or citations. Consistency helps readers easily identify and recognize play titles in your writing.

3. Don’t forget quotation marks for smaller works within plays: Plays often contain smaller works, such as scenes, acts, or even songs. These smaller works should be enclosed in quotation marks to distinguish them from the play title itself. For example, if you are referencing a specific scene from the play “Romeo and Juliet,” you would write it as Act 1, Scene 5, or “Sonnet 18” within the text itself.

One of the key challenges in formatting play titles is capturing the essence and importance of the title within the body of the text. While traditional methods often involve underlining or using italics, there are alternative, creative methods that can make play titles stand out even more.

One alternative approach is to use a larger font size for the play title, highlighting its significance and allowing it to command attention. Another option is to incorporate different typography, such as using a playful or dramatic font that reflects the mood or genre of the play. Adding color to the play title is another way to make it visually striking and memorable. For example, bold and vibrant colors like red or gold can make the title pop on the page. Additionally, utilizing a different text alignment, such as centering or right-aligning the play title, can create visual interest and break the monotony of standard formatting.

By exploring these alternative methods, we can elevate the presentation of play titles, adding an extra layer of excitement and intrigue to the overall reading experience. Remember, the formatting choices should aim to enhance the understanding and emotional impact of the play, allowing readers to effortlessly connect with its essence. So, don’t shy away from experimenting with different approaches and making the play titles shine!

Navigating play title formatting may seem like a daunting task, but with a little guidance, you can master it with confidence. Here are some key points to keep in mind:

1. Capitalization: When formatting play titles, it’s important to follow the rules of capitalization. Generally, the first and last words of the title, as well as all major words (such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs), should be capitalized. However, minor words (such as articles, conjunctions, and prepositions) should be lowercase unless they are the first or last words.

2. Italics vs. Quotation Marks: Play titles should be either italicized or enclosed in quotation marks, depending on the formatting style you are using. In most cases, italics are preferred. However, some style guides recommend using quotation marks instead. Make sure to consult the style guide specified by your instructor or publication for the correct formatting.

3. Punctuation: When it comes to punctuation in play titles, consistency is key. If the play title includes a subtitle, separate it from the main title with a colon. For example, “Romeo and Juliet: A Tragic Love Story.” Avoid using unnecessary punctuation marks, such as exclamation marks or question marks, unless they are part of the original play title.

By following these guidelines, you can confidently navigate play title formatting like a pro. Remember to consult the specific style guide for any additional rules or exceptions to ensure your play titles are formatted correctly and consistently. Play on with confidence!

Q: Do you underline play titles when writing? A: No, underlining play titles is no longer common practice. There are specific formatting guidelines that should be followed when it comes to play titles.

Q: What are the essential tips for writing play titles? A: When writing play titles, it is important to follow a few key tips. First, use italics instead of underlining. Secondly, capitalize the principal words of the title. Lastly, refrain from using quotation marks.

Q: Why is underlining play titles no longer standard practice? A: Underlining play titles used to be the norm when typewriters were commonly used. However, with the advent of word processors and modern formatting standards, italics have replaced underlining as the preferred method of emphasis.

Q: What is the purpose of using italics instead of underlining? A: Using italics for play titles allows for better readability and aesthetics in written works. It also helps to differentiate the title from the surrounding text and provides a clear indicator that it is a play title.

Q: Which words should be capitalized in a play title? A: As a general rule, capitalize the principal words in a play title, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Articles (such as “the” or “an”), conjunctions (such as “and” or “but”), and prepositions (such as “in” or “on”) are typically not capitalized unless they are the first or last words of the title.

Q: Can quotation marks be used to emphasize play titles instead of italics? A: No, it is not recommended to use quotation marks to emphasize play titles. Quotation marks are generally reserved for shorter works such as poems, short stories, or individual episodes of TV shows. Play titles should be formatted in correct italics, as mentioned earlier.

Q: Are there any exceptions to these formatting guidelines? A: Yes, there might be exceptions depending on the style guide or specific publication you are writing for. It is always a good practice to consult the preferred style guide or any specific guidelines provided by the publication to ensure consistency and accuracy.

Q: What other formatting considerations should be kept in mind when writing plays? A: In addition to the correct formatting of the title, it is important to properly format the entire play script. This includes keeping dialogue indented, character names centered, and stage directions in italics. Following a recognized playwriting format can greatly enhance the readability and professionalism of your work.

Q: Where can I find more detailed information on play title formatting? A: To gain a deeper understanding of play title formatting, it is recommended to refer to trusted style guides such as The Chicago Manual of Style or the MLA Handbook. These resources provide comprehensive guidelines for various types of writing, including formatting play titles accurately.

In conclusion, when writing, it is important to remember that play titles should be italicized or underlined. This simple rule can prevent confusion and ensure your writing adheres to standard formatting guidelines.

How to Indicate Book Titles in Writing: Must-Know Rules

Drill Writing Software: Create Dynamic Marching Band Performances

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Reach out to us for sponsorship opportunities.

Welcome to Creative Writing Prompts

At Creative Writing Prompts, we believe in the power of words to shape worlds. Our platform is a sanctuary for aspiring writers, seasoned wordsmiths, and everyone. Here, storytelling finds its home, and your creative journey begins its captivating voyage.

© 2024 Creativewriting-prompts.com

Do You Italicize Book Titles? MLA, Chicago Manual, and APA Rules (Examples)

Whether you are writing a book, a business blog, a research paper, or a magazine article, staying true (and consistent) to grammar and style is extremely important. It makes the entire article/ manuscript consistent and reading easy !

But with so many styles and style guides around, losing track is very common. This is especially true when you are writing titles – of books, stories, poems, chapters, and more – in your articles. Don’t you wonder whether you should underline the book titles, put them in italics, write them in quotation marks , or follow the traditional capital letter style? Well, we all do, and we often find ourselves hovering over different options, completely unsure of which one to choose .

So, should you italicize book titles or underline them?

The general rule says, always italicize book titles, if they are long and complete work. This keeps them distinct and makes them easily recognizable, especially when you are mentioning a book within your content. Italicizing also helps the reader to understand that this particular book is separate from the rest of the work they are reading. However, short titles – of poems, stories, articles, and chapters are often written in quotation marks.

For example:

Long title: Have you read In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust?

Short title: Grab your copy of “War and Peace” by Leo Tolstoy.

Now, this sometimes, can get very confusing and can put your writing all over the place. So when you are stuck between a right and a wrong, always follow the rule of thumb – How you write book titles in your work is a matter of choice (style). It is not governed by any grammarian law. There is no single source that governs how you must handle titled works and mostly depends on the style guide your publication is following – APA, Chicago, MLA, or any other.

So ask your editor his/ her preference and stick to it across your content. After all, consistency is the key to turning your writing into the most professional-looking copy .

In this article, we’ll help you learn the styling parameters that different style guides follow while writing book titles:

MLA rules for italicizing book titles

MLA stands for Modern Language Association – a United States-based society that styles manuals for students and scholars across the world. The MLA Handbook follows a particular style for documenting book titles, in the text as well as at the end of the article. As per the MLA style guide:

• Titles that are independent and self-contained are italicized.
• If the book title has a subtitle, the subtitle is italicized and separated by a colon (:).
• Titles that are contained in larger works ( e.g. , short stories, chapters) are put in quotations.
• However, when it comes to series titles, the MLA rules are a little confusing. In MLA, if a series title forms a part of the book title, then it is italicized. Otherwise, it is left in plain text. For example, the ‘Twilight Saga’ is a series title that you won’t italicize because it is not the tile of the book. But Harry Potter (a series title) you will italicize because it also forms a part of the title.  
• Godfrey, Wyck., et al. The  Twilight Saga :  New Moon . Two-disc special ed. [Los Angeles, CA], Summit Entertainment, 2010.
• Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. New York: Arthur A. Levine Books, 1998.

Chicago Manual of style rules

The Chicago Manual of Style is another widely accepted and used citation system. It is used across various disciplines like the humanities, sciences, social sciences, and more. It has its own style for citing books , titles, and full-length and freestanding works. If you want to follow the Chicago Manual of Style while formatting your book titles, here are some points to remember:

• Always italicize and capitalize the titles of your full-length, freestanding works. These include books, magazines, journals, blogs, research papers, and more.
• Online book citation also follows the same format.
• Chapter titles are always written in quotations and are not italicized.

APA style guide rules

The American Psychological Association (APA) is one of the most common and widely used reference styles. It is mostly used as a citation style for books and manuals written in the field of social sciences, psychology, sociology, and more.  It has its own set of rules for in-text and reference list citations. But when it comes to italicizing the books’ titles, the rules are pretty similar.

• Though in the APA, italicizing is kept to the bare minimum, long book titles, periodicals, webpages, reports, and standalone work are all italicized.
• Chapter titles in the APA are neither italicized nor written within quotes; the book titles however are. Also, the name of the chapter’s author is written in the first position.

7th Edition rules

The seventh edition of the APA is the latest edition and its purpose is to help students, scholars, and researchers write and communicate more effectively. Some of the biggest changes brought by the APA in its seventh edition include:

• The first letter (of the first word) of the title is capitalized.
• If there is a colon (:) in the title, the first letter after the colon is also capitalized.
• Proper names in titles are always capital
• Titles of books, magazines, journals, and newspapers are always italicized.
• Titles of articles or book chapters are not italicized.
• The title of the webpage is always italicized.
• The publisher’s location is no longer included in the reference.

When to Italicize Book Titles

As you could see , when it comes to writing book titles, a common rule applies across all styles ( barring a few exceptions ). So, if you are not following a particular citation style that asks you to do otherwise, this is a general rule that you can easily fall back on:

• Always italicize the titles of self-contained, independent work: books, albums
• Always italicize the titles of large books, like Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone
• Always italicize magazine names, like The New Yorker
• Always italicize newspapers, like The New York Times

Italicizing titles creates a visual hierarchy and helps a reference source stand out from the rest of the text.

When to Avoid Italicizing Book Titles?

While most book titles should be italicized, there are some exceptions to the rule:

• Short titles or titles of smaller works are not italicized. These include titles of short stories, poems, and chapters.
• The title of the series is not italicized. For example, while you would italicize Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , you would not highlight the Harry Potter Series.
• Holy Books like The Bible and Quran, along with their sections, are not italicized.
• Headlines and course titles are also not italicized.

Do You Underline Book Titles?

No, we do not underline book titles . Underlining is an old formatting style that was once extensively used to emphasize certain words, phrases, and titles. But today, due to the availability of extensive formatting options, underlining has lost its mark and is not used as a preferred formatting option.   

However, if you are writing with a medium that does not offer the option to italicize, you may underline the text to emphasize it.

Do You Quote Book Titles?

Books, magazines, newspapers, and series all comprise many smaller parts, like a short poem, a chapter, a short story, and an episode. When citing these small pieces of work, we prefer writing them in quotation marks.

The teacher read a story titled “Lamb to the Slaughter” by Roald Dahl.

I missed the last episode of “Shaun the Sheep”.

 Susan is reading “The Fellowship of the Ring” from the Lord of the Rings .

Do You Italicize Book Series Titles?

While italics are used to emphasize book titles, trilogies and book series titles are only capitalized, not italicized.

What About Children’s Book Titles, Do Those Get Italicized?

Children’s books in style guides get the same treatment as other authored books. That is, titles of full works are italicized but short titles of poems, short stories, articles, or chapters are put within quotation marks. Also, in addition to the author’s name, they also include the illustrator’s name.

• Italics and Underlining: Titles of Works
• Treatment of titles
• Do You Italicize Book Titles In APA? A Must Read
• Should You Underline Or Italicise Book Titles?
• Do You Italicize Book Titles? Essay Secrets Revealed
• Should You Italicize Book Titles? A Guide to Formatting Titles

Inside this article

Fact checked: Content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Learn more.

About the author

Dalia Y.: Dalia is an English Major and linguistics expert with an additional degree in Psychology. Dalia has featured articles on Forbes, Inc, Fast Company, Grammarly, and many more. She covers English, ESL, and all things grammar on GrammarBrain.

Core lessons

• Abstract Noun
• Accusative Case
• Active Sentence
• Alliteration
• Adjective Clause
• Adjective Phrase
• Adverbial Clause
• Appositive Phrase
• Body Paragraph
• Compound Adjective
• Complex Sentence
• Compound Words
• Compound Predicate
• Common Noun
• Comparative Adjective
• Comparative and Superlative
• Compound Noun
• Compound Subject
• Compound Sentence
• Copular Verb
• Collective Noun
• Colloquialism
• Conciseness
• Conditional
• Concrete Noun
• Conjunction
• Conjugation
• Conditional Sentence
• Comma Splice
• Correlative Conjunction
• Coordinating Conjunction
• Coordinate Adjective
• Cumulative Adjective
• Dative Case
• Declarative Statement
• Direct Object Pronoun
• Direct Object
• Dangling Modifier
• Demonstrative Pronoun
• Demonstrative Adjective
• Direct Characterization
• Definite Article
• Doublespeak
• Equivocation Fallacy
• Future Perfect Progressive
• Future Simple
• Future Perfect Continuous
• Future Perfect
• First Conditional
• Gerund Phrase
• Genitive Case
• Helping Verb
• Irregular Adjective
• Irregular Verb
• Imperative Sentence
• Indefinite Article
• Intransitive Verb
• Introductory Phrase
• Indefinite Pronoun
• Indirect Characterization
• Interrogative Sentence
• Intensive Pronoun
• Inanimate Object
• Indefinite Tense
• Infinitive Phrase
• Interjection
• Intensifier
• Indicative Mood
• Juxtaposition
• Linking Verb
• Misplaced Modifier
• Nominative Case
• Noun Adjective
• Object Pronoun
• Object Complement
• Order of Adjectives
• Parallelism
• Prepositional Phrase
• Past Simple Tense
• Past Continuous Tense
• Past Perfect Tense
• Past Progressive Tense
• Present Simple Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Personal Pronoun
• Personification
• Persuasive Writing
• Parallel Structure
• Phrasal Verb
• Predicate Adjective
• Predicate Nominative
• Phonetic Language
• Plural Noun
• Punctuation
• Punctuation Marks
• Preposition
• Preposition of Place
• Parts of Speech
• Possessive Adjective
• Possessive Determiner
• Possessive Case
• Possessive Noun
• Proper Adjective
• Proper Noun
• Present Participle
• Quotation Marks
• Relative Pronoun
• Reflexive Pronoun
• Reciprocal Pronoun
• Subordinating Conjunction
• Simple Future Tense
• Stative Verb
• Subjunctive
• Subject Complement
• Subject of a Sentence
• Sentence Variety
• Second Conditional
• Superlative Adjective
• Slash Symbol
• Topic Sentence
• Types of Nouns
• Types of Sentences
• Uncountable Noun
• Vowels and Consonants

Popular lessons

Stay awhile. Your weekly dose of grammar and English fun.

The world's best online resource for learning English. Understand words, phrases, slang terms, and all other variations of the English language.

• Abbreviations
• Editorial Policy

Writing Strong Titles

by acburton | Apr 25, 2024 | Resources for Students , Writing Resources

You’ve finished your paper, and all that’s left is your title. What do you name the essay you’ve just worked tirelessly on, for days, sometimes even weeks to put together? Should it be long or something shorter? Should you prioritize grasping your readers attention or encapsulating the major themes of your essay? These are all questions that the Writing Center is here to help with!

First Things First: Why Do We Need Titles?

Titles serve as the first point of contact between readers and your written work. They serve to inform readers about what your work will be about and clarify how it is relevant to others’ work or research. All of these things work to engage readers, compelling their curiosity and interest!

What Approaches Can I Take to Create Effective and Engaging Titles?

1. Hook Your Reader

Students often start with this consideration when working to formulate the title of their paper. To ‘hook your reader’, think about what you find most interesting about your own research and something new or enticing that you will be sharing. Convey this to your reader.

2. Keep it Concise, but Make it Informative

An essential aspect that works alongside ‘hooking’ your reader is making sure that your title is concise. While “one-part” titles can prioritize being creative or descriptive (check out our example below!), “two-part” titles, those that may use a colon to present two parallel ideas, can run the risk of being too long to grasp and hold your reader’s attention. A good rule of thumb is to aim to keep your “two-part” titles no longer than two lines. Whichever you choose, either “one part” or “two part”, you’ll want to be sure that your title serves as one method for your reader to predict what your paper will be about. While you don’t want to give everything away, your title shouldn’t be too far off from what your paper will demonstrate.

3. Consider Your Audience

Much like you did when writing the work that you are now striving to title, consider your audience. The words and phrases you choose to incorporate should be reflective of the discipline you are writing for and should not include terminology that, whoever may be reading it, won’t be able to grasp. Contemplate if using more general language would be more effective for your reader (especially if your work may be attractive to readers outside of your discipline) or if more precise or specific language is more appropriate for your goal (e.g., an academic publication or journal).

4. Incorporate Keywords

One of the simplest ways to get started on your title is by incorporating keywords. Think about it; what does your work focus on? What terms are being used often? How are they being used (e.g., in comparison or in contrast to other terms)? Incorporating keywords into your title not only serves to provide you a great place to start, but can also help get your work to a wider audience! Take the time to think about how you might get your work to show up in search engines when curious readers want to know more about a subject.

5. Reflect the Tone of Your Writing

Depending on the genre or discipline, your title should aim to follow the style, tone, or slant of the work it precedes. For example, if you are writing non-scholarly work for the Humanities, you may find that a more lighthearted, fun, or inventive title may work for the topic at hand. In contrast, STEM papers may focus on using specific language, or a tone that lets the reader know that their work is contemplative, veracious, or, in other words, no laughing matter. Take note, again, of your audience and what it is that you want your reader to feel or take away as they navigate your writing.

Below, you’ll see how these considerations work alongside your decision to create those one or two-part titles discussed earlier.

For a Compelling, Thoughtful Title, You Might Try…

A “one-part” title that prioritizes either..

• Example: “ RENT’ s Tango With Your Emotions”
• Example: “An Analysis of Modernism in Larson’s Melodramatic Musical”

STEM papers or reports traditionally have a descriptive title. Creative projects, like short stories, often have creative titles.

A “two-part” title:

• Creative Introductory Clause: Descriptive, Specific Topic
• Example: “RENT’s Tango With Your Emotions: An Analysis of Modernism in Larson’s Melodramatic Musical”

Although seen much more often in STEM writing, scholarly work in the Humanities, Arts, or Social Sciences may have a two-part title.

How Do We Format Essay Titles?

Formal titles follow Title Case Formatting ; this type of formatting includes capitalizing the first word, the last word, and every significant word in between. For example:

• T ransgressive T ekken : P layer E xpression and P articipatory C ulture in the K orean B ackdash

Helpful Hint!

To write stronger titles, avoid starting with a question. While this may draw your reader in, it may also leave them feeling disinterested in reading further to find the answer. Similarly, avoid exaggerating your work through your title. Be honest with your reader on what to expect going forward. Visit us at the Writing Center for help brainstorming a fantastic title or polishing up an existing one!