essay about sedentary lifestyle

Task 2 Essay: Sedentary Lifestyles

Task 2 Question: Despite a large number of gyms, a sedentary lifestyle is gaining popularity in the contemporary world. What problems are associated with this? What solutions can you suggest?

Band 8+ Sample Answer:

(Intro) It is true that although a growing number of fitness centres have opened, people’s inactivity has become a pressing issue in modern society. This lifestyle can have detrimental impacts on physical and mental health, but measures can be taken in schools and offices to address future problems.

(Body 1) One dangerous example of sedentary behaviour is excessive sitting. The most crucial issue is that people who spend most of their time sitting are more vulnerable to chronic illnesses., This is due to their blood pressure increasing, failing to filter and discharge fats, sugar or noxious substances, which can heighten the risks of diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In addition, prolonged periods of inactivity can also lead to poorer mental health. Studies have suggested that these individuals can suffer from elevated levels of stress, anxiety or depression. According to recent research, the likelihood of depression among office workers who sit for hours is 20% higher than labourers.

(Body 2) However, I believe that awareness raising and workplace opportunities can discourage a sedentary lifestyle. Firstly, the government can run campaigns to raise students’ awareness of the harmful effects of inactivity. These workshops should be carried out in schools and universities by being incorporated into health sessions in the curriculum. Secondly, businesses should encourage their employees to exercise regularly by incentivising them. For example, Honda Vietnam organises a daily Physical Education session in the morning, and the most physically active employee of the month will receive a monetary award. This is the perfect exemplification of helping people maintain a healthy lifestyle at the workplace.

(Conclusion) In conclusion, while not staying active can exert serious effects on people’s mentality and physicality these can be combated with youth education and company-led activities. This is a joint effort by both the government and businesses which can hopefully address this problem and avert a future public health crisis. (307 words).

Words: Student essay, corrected & upgraded by Nick Kemp, former IELTS examiner.

Image: Shushipu / Pixabay.

How to Fix a Sedentary Lifestyle

Sedentary Lifestyle Definition

How Harmful Is It?

Modern advances make our lives easier, but they've led many of us to adopt a more sedentary lifestyle. Moving less and sitting more is linked to several health conditions and is believed to be a significant cause of the obesity epidemic.

Sitting for longer than four hours per day significantly increases your risk for cardiovascular disease (perhaps even more than smoking), diabetes , and several other obesity-related conditions.

Mayur Kakade / Getty Images

Fixing a sedentary lifestyle takes some conscious effort at first, but the value of being more physically active is worth it for its myriad benefits.

Whether you're stuck at a desk all day or just struggling to get motivated and exercise, here are ideas to help you get moving.

What Counts as a Sedentary Lifestyle?

While there is no strict definition of what constitutes a sedentary lifestyle, researchers have a few different metrics to measure what a sedentary lifestyle is. One measure is the time an individual spends seated or reclining during waking hours. Spending four to six waking hours sitting or lying down is considered sedentary.

It would seem reasonable to assume that those meeting the requirements for physical activity would not be considered sedentary. However, research suggests that even those who do the amount of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization (at least 150 minutes of moderate activity during the week or 75 minutes of intense activity per week) can still be considered sedentary if they spend four to six hours sitting or reclining per day.

In the short term, being inactive can increase depression or anxiety. It can also affect the way the body processes fats and sugars in the diet and lead to some weight gain if you aren't burning enough calories.

Over the long term, sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. In addition to increasing the chances of dying of these causes, it also decreases the quality of life through increased knee pain, higher rates of depression, and decreased cognitive function.

Fixing a Sedentary Lifestyle

If you suspect you are living a sedentary lifestyle, the good news is there are myriad ways to add activity into your day and reverse your sedentary tendencies. Here are some suggestions.

Plenty of research has borne out the health benefits of a daily 30-minute walk.

Walking has a positive impact on mental health, a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease and stroke, and a positive impact on blood pressure.

It's easy to start walking more, even at the office. Suggest walking meetings instead of sitting around a conference table. You can also try adding activities before or after work, such as walking your dog for longer stretches.

Look for other opportunities to take a walk. For example, if you live nearby, walk your kids to or from school, or at least as far as the bus stop. You can also walk after dinner and make it a family event.

Even if your family's schedule doesn't permit sharing dinner together, try taking a stroll through the neighborhood when everyone gets home. Not only will you all get moving, but you'll get to spend quality time together.

Take the Stairs

A study published in 2017 found stair climbing, considered a vigorous-intensity physical activity, burns more calories per minute than jogging.

Taking the stairs whenever possible can help you maintain a healthy weight as well as build and maintain strong bones, joints , and muscles.

Walk the Parking Lot

As long as you can do so safely, parking your car at the far end of the parking lot or down the street from your destination is an easy way to add extra steps to your day.

In the same vein as taking the stairs instead of the elevator if you're able, if you have the time and can walk a little farther, you'll get the benefits of additional activity.

Plus, walking across the parking lot or around the block from your office also gives you a moment outside to soak up the sun or enjoy the change of seasons, which can also be great for your mental health.

Ditch Your Car

The way we travel in the modern age is associated with rates of overweight and obesity. Compared to more passive ways of getting around, the active modes, such as walking or cycling, have many health benefits and greater potential to prevent obesity .

Compared to driving your own car to work, even public transit appears associated with a healthier weight and body composition. Standing on a subway platform or walking to a bus stop requires more steps than just going from your front door to your garage, in addition to more time standing and balancing.

Stand Up at Work

If your job requires you to sit for long periods, make it a point to stand up at least every 20 minutes. You may need to set a reminder using your calendar or phone, especially if you're used to getting involved with a project and losing track of time.

If you're worried about interrupting your workflow, you don't necessarily have to stop your task to take a quick standing or stretching break. You can easily take calls or review files standing up.

Try taking brief breaks away from your desk to get some water or confer with a colleague at their desk rather than sending an email.

Change Your Workstation

You might also consider getting a standing desk, a treadmill desk, or a fitness ball seat (which promotes "active sitting," where you engage your core).

If you have a workstation that can be adjusted to various heights, you can do some of your daily computer work standing up.

Standing workstations may even improve your posture, reduce back pain , and when arranged properly, can be a better ergonomic fit. Some companies employ workspace-ergonomics specialists who can evaluate your workstation and help you get set up.

Do Your Chores

Instead of moving from table to couch, clean your kitchen after dinner. Tasks like doing the dishes and wiping down countertops count as standing activities in your day.

Other chores like taking out the garbage, sweeping the floors, and vacuuming are even more physically active.

A bonus is that you'll get housework done during the week, which frees up your days off for more fun activities.

Be Active After Dinner

Planning activity after dinner not only boosts your fitness, it helps keep your blood sugar levels in the optimal range and reduces your risk of developing insulin resistance .

Even if you're eating out and won't have to do the cleaning up, you don't have to miss out on a chance to get moving. Suggest continuing the mealtime conversation with dinner companions by taking a short walk.

Use Commercial Breaks

Watching your favorite television show or having a movie night at home with your family doesn't have to be a prolonged sedentary activity.

You can use commercial breaks as a chance to move around. Need to refill the popcorn bowl? Pause the movie and give everyone a chance to stretch while you replenish snacks.

You can even make a game of it. See who can do the most pushups or situps during a commercial break. Or, if you still have chores to take care of, multitask. Folding laundry is one physical activity you can easily do while watching a movie.

Intentionally breaking up any screen time, whether television, computer, tablet, or phone, will help reduce the time you spend sedentary each day.

Develop a Fitness Routine

If the thought of going for a run intimidates you, you don’t have to run a marathon to enjoy the benefits of fitness.

There are many options for exercise . Experiment and find which you prefer. You might like running outdoors on trails or through your neighborhood best. Maybe the cardio machines at a gym or community center are a better fit. Swimming, high-intensity interval training, and cycling are all excellent options to break free of a sedentary lifestyle.

Exercising can also be a social event if you want it to be. If you don't prefer to exercise solo, you can join a fitness group.

Plant a Garden

Any gardener will tell you how much physical effort is involved in every gardening activity. Gardening is mentally and spiritually stimulating, but many people find it an enjoyable way to stay active.

The American Heart Association considers general gardening to be in the category of moderate-intensity physical activity.

You can get started with a garden in your own backyard if you have space, but if not, there are other ways to get your hands dirty.

If you don't have a yard of your own, volunteer to help out at a local community garden. Many cities, school districts, and nature centers rely on green-thumbed volunteers for planting and maintenance.

Try a Fitness Tracker

A pedometer is a great way to track your steps, which can help you gauge your activity throughout the day.

Knowing your activity can alert you to patterns or habits that lean toward an overly sedentary lifestyle. You can take action to combat the effects of sitting too much by finding opportunities to move more.

Sophisticated fitness trackers do more than tell you how many steps you're taking—you can use them to track calories in and calories out, your day-to-day activity level, and set goals. Some even track your heart rate and sleep.

Many smartphone apps provide similar functions even if a wearable fitness tracker isn't your preference or within your budget. Many options are free and may track your activity passively, so you won't have to remember to log your activity.

It is well-documented that a sedentary lifestyle leads to poor health outcomes. The great news is that even small changes to the amount of activity a person gets can lead to more significant changes in overall health. Simply walking more, parking farther away, or doing household chores positively impacts health. Adding a fitness routine to your lifestyle, whether cardio, swimming, or resistance training, can lead to significant health improvements.

Park JH, Moon JH, Kim HJ, Kong MH, Oh YH. Sedentary lifestyle: overview of updated evidence of potential health risks . Korean J Fam Med . 2020;41(6):365-373. doi:10.4082/kjfm.20.0165

Magnon V, Dutheil F, Auxiette C. Sedentariness: a need for a definition . Front Public Health . 2018;6:372. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00372

MedlinePlus. Health risks of an inactive lifestyle .

An N, Chuo J. Walking and activeness: the first step toward the prevention of strokes and mental illness . Comput Intell Neurosci. 2022;2022:3440437. doi:10.1155/2022/3440437

Allison MK, Baglole JH, Martin BJ, Macinnis MJ, Gurd BJ, Gibala MJ. Brief Intense Stair Climbing Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness . Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(2):298-307. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001188

Parise I, Abbott P, Trankle S. Drivers to obesity—a study of the association between time spent commuting daily and obesity in the Nepean blue mountains area . Int J Environ Res Public Health . 2021;19(1):410. doi:10.3390/ijerph19010410

By Yasmine S. Ali, MD, MSCI Yasmine Ali, MD, is board-certified in cardiology. She is an assistant clinical professor of medicine at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and an award-winning physician writer.

Home — Essay Samples — Life — Healthy Lifestyle — Sedentary Lifestyle: Analysis of Health Risks

Sedentary Lifestyle: Analysis of Health Risks

Categories: Healthy Lifestyle

About this sample

Words: 734 |

Published: Sep 12, 2023

Words: 734 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Introduction, the health risks of sedentary living, the sedentary lifestyle's impact on personal and social values, the role of sedentary behaviors.

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Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

Associated data.

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Objective: This study aimed to review and provide an informative synthesis of the findings from longitudinal studies that describe the relationship between sedentary behavior and various health outcomes among young adults. Methods: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for articles that examined the association between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults aged 18–34 years. Two reviewers independently examined the articles and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The level of evidence was determined using the best-evidence synthesis. Results: A total of 34 studies were included in the analysis, 18 of which were high-quality studies. On the basis of inconsistency in the findings among studies, insufficient evidence was concluded for sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators, physical fitness, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, cognitive function, and mood disorders. Based on one high-quality study, moderate evidence for a negative relationship between sedentary behavior and physical fitness was observed. Conclusions: Given the trend toward increased time in sedentary behaviors and the inconsistent current findings, additional longitudinal studies of high methodologic quality are recommended to clarify the relationships between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults.

1. Introduction

Sedentary behavior, an important area of study in health research, is defined as activities that involve energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalent units such as sleeping, sitting, lying down, watching TV, and other forms of screen-based entertainment [ 1 ]. Given the increasing availability of information and communication technology and labor-saving devices, people currently spend a lot of time on sedentary behaviors around the world [ 2 , 3 ]. By using data from a representative sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, Du et al., 2019 found that adults in the United States of America spending time on sedentary behaviors increased from 5.7 h per day in 2007–2008 to 6.4 h per day in 2015–2016 [ 4 ]. Australian adults sit an average of 8.8 h per day [ 5 ]. In addition, a study of four European countries (i.e., the United Kingdom, Portugal, Norway, and Sweden) showed that adults were sedentary for 8.8 h per day, as measured by accelerometers [ 6 ]. Sedentary behavior and physical activity are two distinct behaviors and are likely to have independent effects on health indicators [ 7 ]. Many adults who achieve the 60 min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization may still be at increased risk of ill health effect due to prolonged engagement in sedentary behaviors for the rest of the day [ 8 ].

To strengthen the evidence based on sedentary behavior as an adult health risk, a large number of longitudinal studies have been conducted to investigate the association between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among adults, but the findings have been mixed [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Some studies have reported that sedentary behavior is associated with health outcomes. For example, Vaara et al., 2020 identified that total sedentary time could increase the body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat of adults (mean age 28.5 years) [ 9 ]. Hoang et al., 2016 showed that prolonged television viewing led to decreased cognitive function for adults aged 18–30 years [ 10 ], and Thomée et al., 2007 found that computer use was positively associated with mood disorders among 20–24 year old young adults [ 11 ]. However, some studies have reported no association. Staiano et al., 2018 found no correlation between sedentary time and obesity in adults aged 20 to 35 [ 12 ]. Carter et al., 2020 reported no association between the amount of time that adults (mean age 33.6 years) spent sitting in the workplace and cognitive function [ 13 ]. Inconsistent results have indicated that existing studies should be systematically summarized and analyzed to have an improved understanding of the association between sedentary and health outcomes.

To date, two systematic reviews have focused on the longitudinal studies that examined the relationship between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among adults (range = 18–90 years) [ 14 , 15 ]. Nevertheless, remarkable differences exist in the physical and psychological characteristics of different age groups, which cannot be extended to the current findings to the whole of adulthood [ 16 , 17 ]. The relationship between sedentary and health outcomes in specific age groups should be systematically reviewed. Young adulthood (18–34 years) is a critical life period during which young people leave home, begin university, enter the workforce, and establish a family [ 18 ]. Changes at this stage affect the physical health of young adults, which is the foundation of their health in old age [ 19 ]. In addition, adults during this period may be susceptible to mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, and suicide [ 20 ]. It is necessary to explore the impact of sedentary behaviors on the health outcomes among young adults to provide references for the further research and implementation of subsequent interventions. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesize the longitudinal research on the relationship between sedentary behavior and health outcomes in young adults as well as analyze the evidence that sedentary behavior leads to health risks in young adults.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. literature search.

A systematic search of the relevant studies in Web of Science, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from the inception of the databases up to May 2022. The search strategy included a combination of three main areas: (1) sedentary behavior: sedentary behavior OR physical inactivity OR sedentary OR sedentary lifestyle OR sitting OR television OR computer OR TV OR screen time OR video game OR social media OR internet; (2) health outcomes: adiposity indicators (overweight OR obesity OR body mass index OR waist circumference OR skinfolds), physical fitness (bone mineral density OR muscle strength OR muscle endurance OR cardiorespiratory), metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors (metabolic syndrome OR hypertension OR diabete* OR cardiovascular disease*), cognitive function (attention OR memor*), and emotional disorder (depress* OR anxiety OR stress); and (3) young adult: young adult* or adult* or college student or postgraduate*. The complete search terms and search strategies used in each database are shown in the Supplementary Materials . In addition, a manual search was conducted for all reference lists to determine additional relevant papers.

2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

The inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review were as follows. (1) Peer-reviewed journals with full-text studies published in the English language until May 2022 were included. Unpublished articles, conference papers, doctoral dissertations, monographs, and literature reviews were excluded. (2) Studies that presented longitudinal data on the relationship between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults were included. Cross-sectional and intervention research (i.e., implementing a change to the usual condition in order to increase or reduce sedentary behavior) were excluded. Longitudinal studies vary enormously in the duration of follow-up (from a few days or weeks to over decades) [ 21 ]. No limitations were set regarding the follow-up period. (3) Studies with samples of healthy population (i.e., no psychiatric, mental, or physical illness) aged 18–34 years were included, and other age groups and specific patient groups or samples identified by diseases were excluded. (4) When multiple studies conducted analyses on the same sample, the study with the largest sample size and most comprehensive information was included, and other studies were excluded.

2.3. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment

Two researchers independently performed the data extraction and quality assessment of all of the included articles and discussed the inconsistent results until an agreement was reached [ 22 ]. Data including first author, published year, country, study population (sample size, age, and gender), follow-up duration, type and measurement of sedentary behavior, type and measurement of health indicators, confounding factors, statistical analysis, and the main results were extracted from all of the included studies.

The quality of the included articles was evaluated using criteria adapted from the Quality of Reporting of Observational Longitudinal Research and the Evaluation of the Quality of Prognosis Studies in Systematic Reviews [ 23 , 24 ]. The quality assessment criteria consisted of 15 items and comprehensively evaluated the quality of articles from four dimensions: (1) study population and participation (four items); (2) study attrition (four items), (3) data collection (three items), and (4) data analysis (four items). The reviewers independently rated each criterion as “+” (positive, thoroughly and clearly described), “−“ (negative, not illustrated), or “?” (insufficiently described) on the basis of the information provided in the articles. All disagreements were discussed until an agreement was reached. A study was considered to be of high quality if more than 50% of the methodological criteria was scored positively. Otherwise, the study was considered to be of low quality [ 25 ].

2.4. Evidence Synthesis

After summarizing the included studies, the results showed that studies were heterogeneous in terms of statistical analyses, type and measurement of sedentary behavior, and health outcome. A formal meta-analysis is thought to be inappropriate. Therefore, the best-evidence synthesis was applied to synthesize the methodological quality of the studies and provide conclusions on the association between sedentary behavior and health outcomes [ 25 , 26 ]. This method consisted of the following levels: (1) strong evidence: consistent findings in multiple high-quality studies (≥2); (2) moderate evidence: consistent findings in one high-quality study and at least one low-quality study or multiple low-quality studies with consistent findings; and (3) insufficient evidence: only one available study or inconsistent findings in multiple studies (≥2) [ 25 , 26 ]. Similar to previous reviews that used this best-evidence synthesis, consistency was defined on two levels: (1) within a study (i.e., ≥75% of results in same direction within a study) to account for multiple results in the same health indicator category and (2) between studies (i.e., ≥75% of results in same direction across studies examined) [ 27 ]. If one study contained two or more different categories of health outcomes, each category was analyzed separately.

3.1. Study Selection

The search resulted in 15,386 studies (3385 from Web of Science, 3130 from PubMed, 1055 from APA PsycInfo, 2706 from MEDLINE, 3521 from Embase, and 1589 from the Cochrane Library). After removing duplicate publications, 8058 publications remained. After screening the titles and abstracts, 3130 studies were identified as potentially relevant, and full-texts were then obtained. Afterward, 28 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search of reference lists from relevant papers and reviews yielded six more publications. Therefore, 34 studies were included in this review ( Figure 1 ). The inter-rater agreement for all data extracted from the included studies was 85.2%. We resolved any disagreements by discussion.

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The flow diagram of the study selection process.

3.2. Characteristics of the Included Studies

Table 1 shows the characteristics of the included articles in this review. In the included literature published from 1998 to 2022, two, seven, and 25 studies were published before 2000, from 2001 to 2010, and from 2011 to 2022, respectively. Investigations were primarily conducted in the United States (10 studies) followed by the United Kingdom (eight studies) and Australia (five studies); New Zealand, the Netherlands, Brazil, and Switzerland had two articles each; Finland, Japan, and Spain had one study each. The total sample size of the literature was 10,772 participants, with 15 studies having less than 1000 participants and 19 studies having over 1000 participants. Among the reviewed literature, 12, eight, and 10 studies reported the mean ages of 18–25, 25–30, and 30–34 years, respectively. The four remaining studies were birth cohort studies.

The study characteristics.

A total of five, 17, and 12 studies reported follow-up periods of <1, 1–5, >5 years, respectively. Most studies (23 studies) used subjective methods to assess sedentary behavior (e.g., self-reported questionnaires), and the 11 remaining studies used objective methods (e.g., accelerometers). A total of 19 studies compositely measured the effect of all sedentary behaviors on health outcomes, and 15 studies examined the influences of specific types of sedentary behavior (e.g., computer use, TV viewing, and cellphone use) on the health outcomes. Most studies (20 studies) controlled the influence of age, gender, race, and education level on the results, and a few studies (14 studies) controlled the effect of physical activity and sleep. A total of 33 studies used multivariate analysis methods (e.g., linear regression analysis, logistic regression analysis, and generalized estimating equations) to examine the relationship between sedentary behavior and health outcomes. Only one article used univariate analysis methods (e.g., ANOVA).

3.3. Methodological Quality

The initial agreement in the methodological quality assessment was 82.2% between the two reviewers. Table 2 provides the methodological quality assessment per study. For the study population and participation, among the 34 studies, 26 clearly described the source population, three reported the sampling frame and recruitment methods, 12 had a participation rate at baseline of at least 80%, and 23 described the baseline sample. For the study attrition, among the 34 studies, 14 reported the exact number at each follow-up measurement, 34 clearly described follow-up duration, eight had a sufficient response rate at follow-up, and six reported that the nonresponse at follow-up was not selective. For data collection, 11 studies used objective measurement for sedentary behavior, 26 studies assessed sedentary behavior at a time prior to the measurement of the health outcome, and four studies used objective measurement for the health outcome. For data analysis, 33 studies used an appropriate statistical model, 18 studies had at least 10 times the number of the independent variables, 32 studies described the point estimates and measures of variability, and 11 studies did not perform the selective reporting of results. The quality scores of the included studies ranged from 20% to 73%. A total of 18 out of the 34 studies scored higher than 50% and were categorized as high quality, and 16 studies were categorized as low quality.

The overall scores of the methodological quality assessment for the included studies.

“+” positive, thoroughly and clearly described, “−“ negative, not illustrated, “?” insufficiently described.

3.4. Summary of Results

Out of the 34 studies included in this review, three studies reported two different categories of health outcomes [ 9 , 13 , 53 ]. Therefore, 37 studies (representing 34 articles) examined the association between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults, and 12 studies reported data on adiposity indicators. A total of two, 11, two, and 10 studies reported the physical fitness, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, cognitive function, and emotional disorder, respectively ( Table 3 ).

The results of the data synthesis.

“+” positive association; “−” negative association; “0” no association; a high quality; b low quality.

3.4.1. Sedentary Behavior: Adiposity Indicators

Twelve studies examined the relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators (e.g., waist circumference, body fat percentage, and BMI). Five studies examined the sedentary time in relation to body fat mass such as waist circumference, body fat percentage, or skinfold thickness. Of these five studies, two studies found that the sedentary time was associated with body fat percentage and waist and hip circumference gain [ 9 , 54 ], whereas three studies showed no association between sedentary behavior and body fat percentage [ 33 ], waist circumference [ 37 ], and visceral abdominal fat [ 12 ]. Seven studies examined the relationship between sedentary behavior and BMI. Of these seven studies, five found that sedentary behavior could increase the BMI [ 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 ], and two showed no relationship between sedentary behavior and BMI [ 35 , 55 ]. Out of 12 studies, seven (58.3% including one high-quality study [ 9 ]) reported a positive relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators. Based on the inconsistent findings among the studies identified, insufficient evidence for the relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity gain was observed.

3.4.2. Sedentary Behavior: Physical Fitness

Two studies examined the relationship between sedentary behavior and physical fitness (e.g., cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness) and indicated a negative association between sedentary behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness [ 9 , 53 ]. In addition, Vaara et al., 2020 examined the relationship between sedentary behavior and muscle fitness and found a negative association [ 9 ]. Two studies (100% including one high-quality study [ 9 ]) examined the negative effects of sedentary behavior on cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness. Based on the best-evidence synthesis, moderate evidence for a negative association between sedentary behavior and physical fitness was observed.

3.4.3. Sedentary Behavior: Metabolic Syndrome/Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Eleven studies investigated the relationship between sedentary behavior and metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g., triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and blood pressure). Two studies showed that sedentary behavior was positively associated with triglycerides and negatively associated with HDL cholesterol [ 28 , 29 ]. Hancox et al., 2004 identified that sedentary behavior was a predictor of an increase in total serum cholesterol [ 49 ]. Whitaker et al., 2019 showed that prolonged sedentary behavior may increase the composite risk of cardiovascular disease [ 36 ]. Fujii et al., 2021 investigated the clinical effect of sedentary behavior on chronic kidney disease and showed that sedentary behavior was a significant predictor of the incidence of proteinuria in men [ 42 ]. Of the remaining six studies, three showed that sedentary behavior was not associated with HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and serum insulin [ 30 , 32 , 43 ]. Two studies showed no association between different sedentary behaviors (e.g., television viewing, computer use, and driving) and self-reported prevalence of hypertension [ 31 , 52 ]. In addition, Stamatakis et al., 2012 investigated the association between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic risk and found no association [ 38 ]. Out of 11 studies, five (45.4% including three high-quality studies [ 28 , 36 , 42 ]) reported a remarkable effect of sedentary behavior on the metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors. Based on the inconsistent findings among the studies, the evidence to indicate a substantial association between sedentary behavior and the risk of metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease is insufficient.

3.4.4. Sedentary Behavior: Cognitive Function

Two studies investigated the correlation between sedentary behavior and cognitive function. Hoang et al., 2016 found that compared with adults with low sedentary behavior time, those with high sedentary behavior time had low levels of processing speed and executive function [ 10 ]. However, Carter et al., 2020 reported no association between sedentary behavior and executive function, working memory, and attention [ 13 ]. Of the two studies, only one high-quality study [ 10 ] (50%) showed a negative association between sedentary behavior and cognitive function, indicating that we found insufficient evidence for a relationship between sedentary behavior and a decline in cognitive function.

3.4.5. Sedentary Behavior: Emotional Disorder

Ten studies examined the relationship between sedentary behavior and emotional disorders (e.g., stress, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and anger). Two studies found a positive association between sedentary behavior and depression [ 39 , 56 ]. DeMello et al., 2018 identified a positive association between sedentary behavior and total mood disturbance [ 34 ]. Another study indicated that increases in sedentary time were associated with high mood disturbance and stress [ 40 ]. Of the remaining six studies, one examined the association between sedentary behavior and psychological distress (e.g., sadness, tension, irritability, despair, powerlessness, and worthlessness) and found no association [ 41 ]. Carter et al., 2020 found no relationship between sedentary behavior and mood [ 13 ]. Four other studies showed no correlation between sedentary behavior and anxiety, stress, and depression [ 11 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Of the 10 studies, four (40% including two high-quality studies [ 34 , 40 ]) indicated that sedentary behavior resulted in emotional disorders. According to the best-evidence synthesis, the evidence for the positive association between sedentary behavior and emotional disorders is insufficient.

4. Discussion

The present review aimed to systematically summarize the literature with regard to the longitudinal relationship between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults, taking into account the methodological quality of the studies. Despite the start date of the literature being 1998, the majority (25 of 34 studies) of the studies included were published after 2010. This indicates that over recent years, the topic of sedentary behavior as an independent predictor for health outcomes has gained much attention in the literature. Based on the studies identified, moderate evidence for the negative relationship between sedentary behavior and physical fitness was found. Furthermore, insufficient evidence was found for the relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, cognitive function, and emotional disorder.

The insufficient evidence for the longitudinal relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators supports the earlier systematic review of Proper et al., 2011 [ 14 ]. This result may be due to the different adiposity indicators of the included studies. In this review, adiposity indicators included body fat mass (waist circumference, body fat percentage, hip circumference, skinfold thickness, and WHR) and BMI/body weight. Body fat percentage is the percentage of body fat in body weight, which distinguish whether the increase in body weight is caused by muscle or fat increase [ 57 ]. However, BMI evaluates the degree of obesity by the ratio of weight to height that reflect the body’s fat and muscle content to a certain extent [ 58 ]. Previous cross-sectional evidence has suggested that the time spent in sedentary behavior leads to the increase in adiposity, especially the accumulation of abdominal fat [ 59 ]. The effect of sedentary behavior on BMI did not distinguish the degree of the influence of fat and muscle mass, resulting in the inconsistent results of the current review. In addition, the adiposity indicators were measured in a variety of ways including tape measure, electronic scales, X-ray and ultrasound scanners, etc. The longitudinal studies conducted by Staiano et al., 2018 and Silva et al., 2019 found that there was no significant relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators when it was measured by X-ray and ultrasound scanners [ 12 , 37 ]. Conversely, van de Laar et al., 2014 and Vieira et al., 2020 identified a significant longitudinal association between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators, which was measured using simple tools (tape measure, electronic scales) [ 29 , 43 ]. The findings imply that future studies need to distinguish the different dimensions of adiposity indicators and use standardized measures to assess the relationship between sedentary behavior and adiposity indicators.

Two studies found a significant negative association between sedentary behavior and physical fitness. The moderate evidence for the association was obtained since only one high-quality study was available. Long-term sedentary behavior could cause venous blood pooling in the lower limbs, which could decrease muscle blood flow and inadequate muscle contraction [ 60 ]. More time spent in sedentary behavior can also cause impairment in forced vital capacity and forced vital capacity in 1 s, and directly leading to decreased muscle and cardiorespiratory fitness [ 61 ]. Moreover, the positive influence of five weeks of physical activity intervention on cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness has been well-documented [ 62 ]. Adults that spend more time in sedentary behavior tend to spend less time being physically active than those with shorter sedentary behavior time, which indirectly leads to a decline in cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness [ 63 ]. However, this result should be interpreted cautiously, given that it was only based on one high-quality study.

There have been inconsistences in the studies on sedentary behavior and metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors (45.4%), leading to insufficient evidence. The result was consistent with previous reviews [ 14 , 15 ]. Two main reasons could explain the inconsistent results. First, the sedentary behavior patterns (e.g., prolonged uninterrupted sedentary behavior) can lead to a significant decrease in vascular endothelial function, which in turn results in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [ 64 ]. However, according to the descriptive statistics of studies in this review, most of the included studies (23 out of 34 studies) used subjective methods to assess sedentary behavior. This measure does not accurately capture the time duration and the intermittency of sedentary behavior, making the relationship inconsistent. Second, the analytical methods also contribute to the differences. The influence of sedentary behavior on metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors is moderated by many confounders (e.g., gender, BMI, physical activity, sleep). The majority of articles (20 studies) adjusted for confounders such as gender, age, lifestyle (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, etc.). Only fourteen studies controlled the impact of physical activity and sleep. The co-linear and interdependent relationships between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep make the effects of sedentary behavior on the risk factors for metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease quite different among studies [ 65 ]. Further research is needed to identify potential confounding factors of the relationship between sedentary behavior and metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults.

The limited number of studies (two studies) that have investigated the relationship between sedentary behavior and cognitive function precluded a consistent conclusion from being drawn. Furthermore, the relationship between sedentary behaviors and prospective changes in cognitive function may be influenced by the type of sedentary behavior. Previous longitudinal study has shown that when adults operate the mouse or locate icons on a computer screen, they can exercise basic psychomotor and sensory skills; when they figure out how to utilize computer processes to perform tasks, their learning, memory, and executive function can be improved [ 66 ] Hence, through the activation of learning, memory, and psychomotor processes, the sedentary behavior of computer use may serve as a form of mental stimulation that can train and maintain cognitive abilities [ 67 ] while during the other type of sedentary behavior such as watching TV, the rapid change images and sounds on television cause the brain to be more alert but less focused, which decreases the working memory of adults and leading to a decline in cognitive function [ 68 ].

In addition, the insufficient evidence for the relationship between sedentary behavior and emotional disorder may also be related to the type of sedentary behavior. When spending time using smartphones and tablets, adults are in a passive mental state that could disturb normal neurocognitive development processes, which could be linked to stress and depression [ 69 ]. In contrast, the reading and writing time could promote autonomy and self-reliance, improve the sense of accomplishment and well-being, and finally, reduce mood disorders [ 69 ]. Nineteen out of all the included studies in the current review analyzed the effects of overall sedentary behavior on health outcomes. Therefore, we cannot draw consistent results from these studies. Furthermore, age may have confounded the association between sedentary behavior and emotional disorder. Previous systematic reviews have demonstrated that the sedentary behavior of television viewing is associated with unfavorable psychosocial health among children and adolescents [ 70 , 71 ]. However, for young adults, watching TV (which is likely to be used for leisure purposes) may be time for adults with depressive symptoms to relax, which is not detrimental to emotional health [ 27 ]. Future studies are required to capture the effects of different types of sedentary behaviors and age on cognitive function and emotional disorder.

There are several strengths and limitations of this review. The strengths include the systematic approach in the extensive literature search and in the assessment of the methodological quality of each study, and the use of the best evidence systems to draw conclusions. Moreover, this review only included longitudinal studies, thus providing insights into the changes over time in the impact of sedentary behavior on the health outcomes of young adults. However, this review still had some limitations. First, although a comprehensive search of the published literature was conducted, literature using other keywords may not have been included. Second, only the published literature in English was included, certain studies that could have added relevant information to this field may have been discarded.

5. Conclusions

We systematically collated the relevant literature on the relationship between sedentary behavior and health outcomes among young adults. The review showed moderate strength evidence of the negative relationship between sedentary behavior and physical fitness. In the future, more research is needed to objectively measure the pattern (e.g., prolonged sitting, intermittent sedentary) and type (e.g., watching TV, using smartphones and tablets) of sedentary behavior in combination with robust and standardized measures of health indicators to gain an explicit understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior on health indicators. Moreover, evidence from experimental studies and intervention trials will help inform policy decisions and provide guidelines of the dose–response between sedentary behavior and health indicators.

Supplementary Materials

The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/healthcare10081480/s1 , Table S1: Search strategies.

Funding Statement

This research was funded by the Educational Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province (no. 2022SCG379).

Author Contributions

Conceptualization and design, Z.H. and Y.Z.; Data acquisition, Y.Z.; Methodology, Z.H., Y.Z. and Y.L.; Analysis or interpretation of data, Z.H., Y.Z. and Y.L.; Software, Y.L.; Validation, Z.H., Y.Z. and Y.L.; Formal analysis, Y.Z.; Writing—original draft preparation, Z.H.; Writing—review and editing, Z.H., Y.Z. and Y.L.; Supervision, Y.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Sedentary Lifestyle - band 7

In spite of the increasing numbers of gyms and physical fitness centres, many people are involved in a way of living that is sedentary in the modern world these days. In this essay, I am going to elaborate on the problems related to this lifestyle and give solutions.

Firstly, a significant problem associated with leading an inactive lifestyle is the risk it poses to health.it can result into obesity which is a major disadvantage. Such people tend to deposit excessive fat in the body and thus causing problems. For example, cancers that can be breast and other types of malignant tumours. In addition, they are prone to diabetes. Furthermore, it can cause depression because of isolation and poor social interaction combined with low mood, decreased muscle strength, back related problems involving back pain and osteoarthritis due to lack of exercise (bones tend to get weaker).

To solve this problem, government can embark on campaigns to increase the awareness and promote the benefits of an active lifestyle. If more people are educated, this will in turn encourage them to take the extra steps needed to improve their lifestyle. Moreover, affordable gym membership would go a long way in attracting people to engage in physical fitness activities, thus improving their health. Provision of gym in work places to encourage employees to keep fit. For instance, people have to stay working for 8 to 12 hours on the computer in the workplace can have breaks at work (to participate in fitness activities) to reduce the sedentary hours spent in front of the screen.

In conclusion, due to advancement in technology in the modern days in which we live, there is an growing increase in the number of people living a sedentary lifestyle and this has been found to be associated with health problems which can be avoided by encouraging people to do physical fitness activities through provision of affordable gym membership and health awareness campaign.

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You answer the question very well developing some of your ideas and providing supporting examples. You present some solutions and express your own view effectively. (8)

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Paragraphing is appropriate and there is overall progression to the response. Although linkers are used appropriately, you could do more to use inter-sentence linkers to create more complex sentences, as well as across sentence-linkers, eg while, although, whereas (7.5)

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You have used a good range of vocabulary for the topic, which is used appropriately and accurately. (8)

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You include a wide range of grammar structures and these are used accurately, but try to avoid lots of short simple sentences and incorporate them into the argument via more complex structures. (7)

Overall Comment - how to improve

The response fulfils the requirements of the task. You express your view effectively using a range of appropriate lexis and language structures with a high degree of accuracy. Aim for greater cohesion and nicer flow to the essay by avoiding very short sentences.

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A Sedentary Lifestyle: Where, When, and Why It Started

Introduction, where, when, and why did it start, what are the health risks, how does it affect the body.

A sedentary lifestyle is an inactive way of life that includes a lot of lying down and sitting, with almost no exercise. Nowadays it is a lifestyle of many people; sitting all day in a class, or an office, in a car or a bus, watching TV or playing videogames is something that most people do every day. These are sedentary activities involved at school, at work, in leisure that are becoming a serious public health issue.

Over the last century, the majority of people shifted from manual labor to office jobs. Due to globalization and technological advances, the number of jobs requiring physical activities has been rapidly decreasing. Growing cities and urban populations living in low-walkable neighborhoods spend a larger part of their day in a sitting or lying position in comparison to walking or exercising. Increased screen time also promotes a sedentary lifestyle, affecting people’s health.

A sedentary lifestyle can affect an individual’s health in various ways. One of the most common results of inactivity is obesity. Lack of exercise can also increase the risk of developing heart disease and diabetes. Spending most of the day in a sitting position contributes to chronic back pains and scoliosis. Additionally, this lifestyle impacts mental health and intensifies feelings of depression and anxiety.

A sedentary lifestyle impacts not only people’s health but also their overall body, well-being, and mood. Due to the inactive lifestyle, muscles are not often applied, causing them to lose strength and endurance. With fewer movements, the body burns fewer calories, which affects metabolism, leading to more issues with the assimilation of fats and sugar. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle can cause inflammation and hormonal imbalance due to its negative effect on the immune system.

Many people do not meet the requirement for a minimum physical activity a day due to their lifestyle. With technical advances, urbanization, the decline in the number of jobs with physical activity, and increased screen time, people are much less active nowadays. Studying, working, and resting in a sitting position from day to day negatively impact one’s body. A sedentary lifestyle is a serious public health issue and a reason for many illnesses and problems with mental health.

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Sedentary Lifestyle Essay

Obesity and being overweight are major problems in today’s society. A sedentary lifestyle is a major contributing factor to these conditions.

Obesity and being overweight can lead to many health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. These conditions can shorten your life expectancy and make you more likely to suffer from a disability.

Living a sedentary lifestyle also increases your risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer.

Making small changes to your lifestyle can have a big impact on your health. Getting regular exercise and eating a healthy diet are two of the best ways to reduce your risk of obesity and being overweight.

A sedentary lifestyle is a medical phrase that refers to a way of life that consists of little or no physical activity. People who live a sedentary lifestyle are more prone to depression, low self-esteem, and health problems. Depression is more common among those who engage in a sedentary lifestyle. Because they are unengaged with the general public, they will quickly become lonely, sad, and hopeless.

Low self-esteem is another outcome of a sedentary lifestyle. When people do not take care of their bodies, they will start to see themselves in a negative light. They may believe that they are not worthy of love and attention. Obesity and being overweight are two health issues that are commonly associated with a sedentary lifestyle. When people do not get enough physical activity, they are more likely to gain weight.

This can lead to a host of other health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Nutrition is another area that is affected by a sedentary lifestyle. People who are inactive tend to eat unhealthy foods since they do not burn many calories. This can lead to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals.

People who spend their days seated, reading, watching television, and using a computer are frequently found in this category. They’ll be pale, dreary looking individuals that aren’t joyful or vibrant. Furthermore, they will have negative thinking and be unproductive. In addition, people who remain active are less likely to suffer from depression. Sedentary behavior has the potential to damage one’s self-esteem. People with a sedentary lifestyle may have low confidence in themselves.

Overweight and obesity is a result of irregular exercise, which makes individuals feel as though they are under additional-special attention. As a result, they are afraid to have a good social life. Sedentary living leads to an unfavorable self-assessment in other words. Moreover, there are numerous health issues linked with being sedentary. Cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and diabetes are just a few examples.

Obesity is a condition characterized by an excess of body fat. Obesity isn’t just a cosmetic concern. It’s a medical problem that increases your risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers.

Overweight is defined as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A crude population measure of overweight is the body mass index (BMI), which is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters (kg/m2). Obesity is defined as having a BMI equal to or greater than 30.

The cause of obesity and overweight is complex. There are many factors that contribute including diet, physical activity, family history, and sleep habits. Obesity occurs over time when you eat more calories than you burn. The body stores these extra calories as fat.

Obesity and overweight are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and certain types of cancer. These conditions can lead to increased health care costs and decreased quality of life.

A sedentary lifestyle is unquestionably harmful to our health. Irregular exercise not only slows down the metabolic system, but it also degrades the immune system. As a result, a sedentary lifestyle has a detrimental influence on our health and makes our bodies unable to function properly. It’s not just about being active; it’s also about making positive changes in your life.

Obesity is one of the most common problems caused by a sedentary lifestyle. When we are obese, we are more likely to suffer from other health problems such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Obesity is also a leading cause of cancer. So if you’re obese, you’re not only putting yourself at risk for all of these diseases, but you’re also increasing your chances of getting cancer.

Overweight is another problem associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Being overweight puts us at risk for all of the same health problems as obesity, but it also increases our risk for joint problems and sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a serious condition that can lead to death. So if you’re overweight, you need to be especially careful about your health.

Nutrition is also important for our health. A healthy diet helps to keep our bodies functioning properly and gives us the energy we need to get through the day. However, a sedentary lifestyle can lead to poor nutrition. When we are inactive, we tend to eat more unhealthy foods and we don’t get the nutrients we need from our food. This can lead to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, which can cause serious health problems.

So if you want to be healthy, you need to make sure that you’re getting enough exercise and eating a healthy diet. Don’t let a sedentary lifestyle take over your life. Get up and move around, and make sure that you’re getting the nutrients you need. Your health will thank you for it!

Obesity and being overweight are epidemic in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are obese, and another one-third (33.8%) are overweight but not obese. Obesity and being overweight increase your risk for many chronic diseases and conditions, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis.

The health risks associated with obesity and being overweight are serious. Obesity is a complex condition with many causes, including genetic factors, overeating, sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, medical conditions such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s syndrome, and taking certain medications such as steroids. Obesity can also be caused by psychological factors such as stress or emotional eating.

Overweight and obesity are major public health problems in the United States. Obesity rates have more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents over the past 30 years. Obesity is now epidemic among young people, with one in three children and adolescents affected. The prevalence of obesity among adults has also increased dramatically over the past 30 years, from 15 percent to 35 percent.

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Sedentary Lifestyle Essay Example

Pages: 2 (368 words)
Published: July 6, 2018
Type: Essay

How does exercise affect the body? A sedentary (inactive) lifestyle is one of the top risk factors for heart diseases, cancers, diabetes and all the other top dangerous diseases. Exercises has many benefits, such as decease in weight, improved sleep, making you more relaxed and rested, decreasing the risk of a lot of diseases, reducing the risk of death from heart diseases, improved muscle tone and strength. And also exercise will make you feel fit and healthy. How is exercise linked to CVD?

Exercise decreases the risk of having a heart attack or experiencing another cardiac event, such as a stroke, and reduces the possibility of needing a bypass surgery. Regular exercises have a good effect on many the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. For example, exercise helps to reduce the weight and also can help to reduce blood pressure. Exercise can reduce “bad” choleste

rol levels and total cholesterol in the blood, and can raise the “good” cholesterol.

Exercises can strengthen our heart and cardiovascular system and also it can improve the use of oxygen in our body. How is exercise linked to cancer? Physical activity protects from colon cancer development through its role in energy balance, hormone metabolism, and insulin regulation. Physical activity has also been found to decrease a number of inflammatory and immune factors, which influence colon cancer risk. Exercise may also help preventing breast cancer.

Physical activity may prevent tumour r development by lowering hormone levels, particularly in premenopausal women; lowering levels of insulin, improving the immune response. How is exercise linked to Diabetes? Exercise helps to control blood glucose on a long period of time; however this is only if the individual exercise

regularly. The only inconvenient thing about this treatment is that if an exercise session is missed, the glucose level increases instantly.

If it is not controlled, it can destroy the body's organs. What other problems can a lack of exercise (sedentary lifestyle) contribute to? Not taking part in an active lifestyle cannot only result into cancer and diabetes but a lot more. A person who has a sedentary lifestyle can suffer from strokes, osteoporosis (fragile bones) problems with their mental health (such as depression), an increased risk of injuries.

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Participants take part in Parkrun, where many thousands of people of all levels of fitness can walk, jog or run 5km together.

Sedentary lifestyles are a ticking health timebomb

We need a national movement strategy, writes Dr Davina Deniszczyc of Nuffield Health

Re your report ( Record 3.7m workers in England will have major illness by 2040, study finds, 17 April ), what is so tragic about these findings is that many long-term conditions can be prevented through a less sedentary lifestyle. Our latest data from the Healthier Nation Index highlights that the UK is facing a crisis of inactivity, with implications for our health, economy and future generations.

Three in four people are still not reaching the NHS guideline of 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week, and fewer than two in five recognise that exercise can cut their risk of developing cancer and heart disease by 50%. In other words, 75% of us are storing up avoidable health problems for the future.

What’s needed is for all major political parties to commit to a national movement strategy, to promote physical activity and embed movement into every aspect of society, so benefiting the nation’s health and economic wellbeing. As the former chief medical officer Sally Davies once said: “If physical activity were a drug, we’d talk about it as a miracle cure.” Dr Davina Deniszczyc Medical and charity director, Nuffield Health

Essay on Healthy Lifestyle

The top secret of being physically fit is adopting a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes regular exercise, a healthy diet, taking good care of self, healthy sleep habits, and having a physically active daily routine. Lifestyle is the most prevailing factor that affects one’s fitness level. A person leading a sedentary lifestyle has a low fitness level whereas living a healthier life not only makes a person fit but also extends life. Good health has a direct impact on our personality. A person with a good and healthy lifestyle is generally more confident, self-assured, sociable, and energetic.

A good and healthy lifestyle allows one to relish and savor all the pleasures in life without any complications. Even all the wealth is less valuable when compared to sound health. Having all the luxuries in the world does not fulfill its purpose when one is continuously ill, depressed, or suffering from a significant health complication. A healthy person has a clear and calm perception of everything without prejudice. His actions and decisions are more practical and logical and are hence more successful in life.

A good habit is a key factor for a healthy lifestyle. To maintain a stable body and mind, one needs to inculcate good habits. Waking up early in the morning, regularly exercising or a good morning walk helps to keep our body energetic and refresh our mind. Maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet throughout the day is vital for maintaining a good lifestyle. Too much indulgence in alcohol or smoking excessively is not at all appropriate for a healthy lifestyle.

Self-Discipline

Self-discipline is important for maintaining a good lifestyle. When we are self-disciplined then we are more organized and regular in maintaining good health. A disciplined life is a regulated life. A man without discipline is a ship without a rudder. Discipline needs self-control. One who cannot control himself can seldom control others. The level of discipline and perseverance largely determines a person’s success. Self-discipline is the act of disciplining one’s own feelings, desires, etc. especially with the intention of improving oneself. It strengthens our willpower. The stronger our will power the positive will be our decision. It enables us to conquer our own self.

Punctuality

Punctuality is the habit of doing things on time. It is the characteristic of every successful person and everyone must observe punctuality in order to win success in life. Punctuality is necessary for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It should become a habit with us. A punctual person is able to fulfill all his responsibilities and hence is treated with respect in society. It is needed in every walk of life.

Diet is an important component for overall fitness and works best in combination with exercise. A balanced diet and exercise regularly help to maintain good health. It is necessary to reduce weight if one is overweight or obese, failing which one cannot be physically fit for long. For people with obesity, more exercise and a strict regime are necessary, preferably under guidance. There are many ways of making the diet healthier.

Use less sugar and salt while cooking food.

Use less oil while cooking. Avoid deep-frying as much as possible.

Eat more fruits daily. They provide more vitamins and minerals to our bodies.

Add sprouts of gram and moong dal to at least one meal in a day. Add fiber to your diet. Use whole grains instead of polished cereals. Eat lots of salad and yogurt.

Eat fermented food regularly. Fermented food contains many useful bacteria that help in the process of digestion.

Prevention of Lifestyle Diseases

By adopting a healthy lifestyle one can avoid lifestyle diseases. The following are some ways in which we can prevent lifestyle diseases.

Eat a balanced diet that contains important nutrients. One must include more fresh fruits and green vegetables in the diet. Refrain from eating junk food. Stay away from foods that contain large amounts of salt or sugar.

Exercise regularly. Spend more time outdoors and do activities such as walking, running, swimming, and cycling.

One must avoid overindulgence in alcohol, junk food, smoking, and addiction to drugs and medicines.

Avoid spending too much on modern gadgets like mobile phones, laptops, televisions, etc. Spend time on these gadgets for short intervals of time only.

Set a healthy sleeping routine for every day. Waking early in the morning and going to bed early at night should be a daily habit. Lead an active life.

Unhealthy Lifestyle

Bad food habits and an unhealthy lifestyle such as less or no physical activity may lead to several diseases like obesity, high blood pressure or hypertension, diabetes, anemia, and various heart diseases. An unhealthy lifestyle reduces productivity and creativity in a person. It also adversely affects moods and relationships. It leads to depression and anxiety in human beings.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle not only makes a person confident and productive but also drives him to success. A person with a healthy lifestyle will enjoy both personal and social life.

FAQs on Healthy Lifestyle Essay

What Do You Understand about a Healthy Lifestyle?

A healthy lifestyle is a lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a healthy diet, taking good care of self, healthy sleep habits and having a physically active daily routine.

How is Punctuality Important for Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle?

Punctuality is the habit of doing things on time. It is the characteristic of every successful person and everyone must observe punctuality in order to win success in life. It should become a habit with us. A punctual person is able to fulfil all his responsibilities and hence is treated with respect in society. It is needed in every walk of life.

What Happens When One Does Not Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle?

When one does not maintain a healthy lifestyle then several diseases like obesity, high blood pressure or hypertension, diabetes, anaemia and various heart diseases can occur. An unhealthy lifestyle reduces productivity and creativity in a person. It also adversely affects moods and relationships. It leads to depression and anxiety in human beings.

What are the Main Factors that Determine a Good and Healthy Lifestyle?

In order to maintain a good and healthy lifestyle, one must be self-disciplined, self-motivated, maintain punctuality and have good habits like waking early in the morning and maintain a regular fitness regime and a balanced and nutritious diet.

Is writing an essay hard?

Essay writing is a difficult task that needs a great deal of study, time, and focus. It's also an assignment that you can divide down into manageable chunks such as introduction, main content, and conclusion. Breaking down and focusing on each individually makes essay writing more pleasant. It's natural for students to be concerned about writing an essay. It's one of the most difficult tasks to do, especially for people who aren't confident in their writing abilities. While writing a decent essay is difficult, the secret to being proficient at it is reading a lot of books, conducting extensive research on essential topics, and practicing essay writing diligently.

Why is it important for one to aspire to have a healthy lifestyle?

A healthy lifestyle is an important way for reducing the occurrence and impact of health problems, as well as for recovery, coping with life stressors, and improving the overall quality of life. An increasing collection of scientific data suggests that our habits have a significant impact on our health. Everything we eat and drink, as well as how much exercise we get and whether we smoke or use drugs, has an impact on our health, not just in terms of life expectancy but also in terms of how long we may expect to live without developing chronic illness. A large proportion of fatalities are caused by conditions such as heart attacks, stroke, diabetes, joint disease, and mental illness. A healthy lifestyle can help to avoid or at least delay the onset of many health issues.

How to download the Essay on Healthy Lifestyle from the Vedantu website?

The Essay on Healthy Lifestyle, which is accurate and well-structured, is available for download on the Vedantu website. The Essay is accessible in PDF format on Vedantu's official website and may be downloaded for free. Students should download the Essay on Healthy Lifestyle from the Vedantu website to obtain a sense of the word limit, sentence structure, and fundamental grasp of what makes a successful essay. Vedantu essay is brief and appropriate for youngsters in school. It is written in basic English, which is ideal for kids who have a restricted vocabulary. Following the Vedantu essay ensures that students are adequately prepared for any essay subject and that they will receive high grades. Click here to read the essay about a healthy lifestyle.

Who prepares the Essay for Vedantu?

The Essay on Healthy Lifestyle designed for the Vedantu is created by a group of experts and experienced teachers. The panel of experts has created the essay after analyzing important essay topics that have been repeatedly asked in various examinations. The Essays that are provided by Vedantu are not only well-structured but also accurate and concise. They are aptly suited for young students with limited vocabulary. For best results, the students are advised to go through multiple essays and practice the topics on their own to inculcate the habits of time management and speed.

What constitutes a healthy lifestyle?

Healthy life is built on the pillars of a good diet, frequent exercise, and appropriate sleep. A healthy lifestyle keeps people in excellent shape, it also gives you more energy throughout the day, and lowers your chance of developing many diet-related chronic diseases. Healthy living is considered a lifestyle choice that allows you to enjoy more elements of your life. Taking care of one's physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being is part of living a healthy lifestyle.

Good Nutrition, Eating Right and proper diet.

Getting Physically Fit, Beneficial Exercise and working out often.

Adequate rest and uninterrupted sleep.

Proper Stress Management.

Self-Supportive Attitudes.

Positive Thoughts are encouraged.

Positive Self-Image and body image.

Inner Calmness and peace.

Openness to Your Creativity and Self-care.

Trust in Your Inner Knowing and your gut feeling.

IELTS Writing Agree/Disagree Essay Topics [Task-2]

IELTS agree/disagree essay types are commonly asked topics in Writing Task – 2 . For these type of questions you can either agree or disagree with the statement, or you can adopt a balanced approach.

IELTS Writing Agree/Disagree Essay Topics [Task-2]

In this lesson, you will learn how to write a band 7+ answer using THREE sample questions and their model answers. We will adopt the following structure which has proven to be the most suited for agree or disagree essay questions. Practice this structure on the PDF version of the IELTS Writing Task 2 answer sheet .

INTRODUCTION (Choose an opinion; whether you agree or disagree?)
BODY PARAGRAPHS (Write relevant ideas with examples to support your viewpoint)
CONCLUSION (Summarise your writing and provide a logical conclusion)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

Essay Topic #1 – Euthanasia

Euthanasia or Mercy Killing is the need of modern life. Do you agree or disagree? Give relevant ideas in support of your point of view.

RELATED: IELTS Discuss Both Views Essay Structure With Sample Answers

Essay Topic #2 – Sedentary Lifestyle

Modern lifestyle has become sedentary. Many people believe that sedentary lifestyle is the mother of all diseases. Do you agree or disagree? Write relevant examples to support your position on this.

Essay Topic #3 – Non Violence

Some people say that non-violence has lost its relevance in the modern world. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give examples to strengthen your point of view.

I hope you learnt well about band 7+ structures and vocabulary for these IELTS Writing Task – 2 Agree/Disagree Essay Topics.

All the best !

Sedentary Lifestyle VS. Active Lifestyle [Infographic]

To summarize, a sedentary lifestyle is lethal. It substantially increases the risk of many diseases, is strongly linked to obesity, and shortens lifespans. Despite this, many adults are still leading sedentary lifestyles. According to Mayo Clinic , 50-70% of people sit at least six hours per day, and 20-35% of people spend over four hours every day watching TV.

Even more frightening, statistics gathered by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services reveal that only one in three adults achieve the recommended amount of physical activity each week, and more than 80% of adults do not meet the guidelines for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities.

With more than one-third of U.S. adults living with obesity, it’s more important now than ever to educate yourself on the effects of sitting too much and start working towards an active lifestyle. Check out this infographic below to learn a bit more about how a sedentary lifestyle affects your health and quality of life:

active vs sedentary lifestyle infographic blog.png

Do you know if you’re sitting too much? Chances are, yes – you’re most likely sitting too much. Even if you hit the gym for 30 minutes after work each day, your lifestyle can still be classified as “sedentary” if you spend the rest of your day on your bum.

The good news is that an active lifestyle is more achievable than you might think. All it takes is some effort to move more and sit less, while getting in your 150 minutes of exercise each week. Follow a few of these tips to live a more active lifestyle:

Use a standing desk at work
Deskercise while you work
Get up and walk for five minutes each hour of the workday
Limit time spent watching TV and on the computer
Go outside more
Walk around while talking on the phone
Start a walking club at your office
Stand while eating lunch
Take the stairs
Start an outdoor hobby (gardening, photography, fishing)
Get up and move during commercial breaks
Do light stretches for a few minutes every hour of the workday

Don’t pay the hefty price of sitting too much. Start educating yourself and others on the health benefits of regular exercise and start moving more today!

How do you combat a sedentary lifestyle? Comment below!

Images: courtesy of Freepik.com

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Sedentary lifestyle: Effects, solutions, and statistics
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Abstract. One-third of the global population aged 15 years and older engages in insufficient physical activities, which affects health. However, the health risks posed by sedentary behaviors are not well known. The mean daily duration of sedentary behavior is 8.3 hours among the Korean population and 7.7 hours among the American adult population.
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Task 2 Essay: Sedentary Lifestyles. Task 2 Question: Despite a large number of gyms, a sedentary lifestyle is gaining popularity in the contemporary world. What problems are associated with this? What solutions can you suggest? Band 8+ Sample Answer: (Intro) It is true that although a growing number of fitness centres have opened, people's ...
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The Impact of a Sedentary Lifestyle. Michael Arrington DeVry University ENGL11 - Composition Professor Michael Dufresne April 8, 2021. The Impact of a Sedentary Lifestyle When people are younger, it is easier for them to have higher levels of energy, where kids and adolescents seem to be able to run around all day without getting tired. As people age, their energy levels decrease, as other ...
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or some combination. 23, 24 Sedentary time can also impact aspects of children's well-being beyond just their health. Young people who spend excessive time in sedentary behaviors also are more likely to have lower academic achievement,8, 20 poorer motor skills, 21 and lower quality of life.22 Understanding trends in sedentary behaviors among
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This essay delves into the repercussions of a sedentary lifestyle on personal health and its broader impact on societal values and beliefs. It sheds light on the grave health risks associated with prolonged periods of inactivity, including heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer, and examines how sedentary behaviors contribute to these risks.
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Sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle type, in which one is physically inactive and does little or no physical movement and/or exercise. A person living a sedentary lifestyle is often sitting or lying down while engaged in an activity like socializing, watching TV, playing video games, reading or using a mobile phone or computer for much of the ...
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1. Introduction. Sedentary behavior, an important area of study in health research, is defined as activities that involve energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalent units such as sleeping, sitting, lying down, watching TV, and other forms of screen-based entertainment [].Given the increasing availability of information and communication technology and labor-saving devices, people currently ...
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Sedentary Lifestyle - band 7. In spite of the increasing numbers of gyms and physical fitness centres, many people are involved in a way of living that is sedentary in the modern world these days. In this essay, I am going to elaborate on the problems related to this lifestyle and give solutions.
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A sedentary lifestyle is an inactive way of life that includes a lot of lying down and sitting, with almost no exercise. Nowadays it is a lifestyle of many people; sitting all day in a class, or an office, in a car or a bus, watching TV or playing videogames is something that most people do every day. These are sedentary activities involved at ...
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It was Owen and colleagues 1 who first proposed that sedentary behavior was distinct from physical inactivity. The latter describes low involvement in light, moderate, or vigorous physical activity. In contrast, sedentary behaviors are "a unique set of behaviors, with unique environmental determinants and a range of potentially unique health consequences." 1 From the Latin seder (to sit ...
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Sedentary Lifestyle Essay. Obesity and being overweight are major problems in today's society. A sedentary lifestyle is a major contributing factor to these conditions. Obesity and being overweight can lead to many health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. These conditions can shorten your life expectancy ...
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Not taking part in an active lifestyle cannot only result into cancer and diabetes but a lot more. A person who has a sedentary lifestyle can suffer from strokes, osteoporosis (fragile bones) problems with their mental health (such as depression), an increased risk of injuries. Sedentary Lifestyle Essay Example 🎓 Get access to high-quality ...
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It is concluded that individuals, groups and communities should make concerted efforts to engage in physical activities, modify their dietary habits and avoid other risky behaviours that affect their health negatively. Sedentary lifestyle is an issue of great concern because of its deleterious health implications in developed and developing countries. It is associated with limited physical ...
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Essay on Healthy Lifestyle. The top secret of being physically fit is adopting a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes regular exercise, a healthy diet, taking good care of self, healthy sleep habits, and having a physically active daily routine. Lifestyle is the most prevailing factor that affects one's fitness level.
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Essay Topic #2 - Sedentary Lifestyle. Modern lifestyle has become sedentary. Many people believe that sedentary lifestyle is the mother of all diseases. ... For example, sedentary lifestyle is one of the top causes of death and disablement in today's world. It leads to obesity, which in turn burden us with physical, social, psychological ...
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Sedentary Lifestyle Essay. 758 Words2 Pages. Sedentary lifestyles have greatly contributed to obesity, and to the diseases affecting to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It has been shown that physical inactivity reduces our strength, results in low energy levels, and causes obesity. It is therefore very essential to ensure we that ...
Sedentary Lifestyle VS. Active Lifestyle [Infographic]
To summarize, a sedentary lifestyle is lethal. It substantially increases the risk of many diseases, is strongly linked to obesity, and shortens lifespans. Despite this, many adults are still leading sedentary lifestyles. According to Mayo Clinic, 50-70% of people sit at least six hours per day, and 20-35% of people spend over four hours every ...
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