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Formulating Research Hypothesis and Objective

First Online: 01 March 2024

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Animesh Hazari 2

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Formulating a research hypothesis and objectives is the first and foremost step in any research process as they provide a clear direction and purpose for your study. In this chapter, we shall learn about formulating an ideal research hypothesis and objectives. Formulation and development of the hypothesis and objectives take place under the following key steps:

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Hazari, A. (2023). Formulating Research Hypothesis and Objective. In: Research Methodology for Allied Health Professionals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8925-6_4

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Research Objectives | Definition & Examples

Research Objectives | Definition & Examples

Published on July 12, 2022 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on November 20, 2023.

Research objectives describe what your research is trying to achieve and explain why you are pursuing it. They summarize the approach and purpose of your project and help to focus your research.

Your objectives should appear in the introduction of your research paper , at the end of your problem statement . They should:

Establish the scope and depth of your project
Contribute to your research design
Indicate how your project will contribute to existing knowledge

What is a research objective, why are research objectives important, how to write research aims and objectives, smart research objectives, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research objectives.

Research objectives describe what your research project intends to accomplish. They should guide every step of the research process , including how you collect data , build your argument , and develop your conclusions .

Your research objectives may evolve slightly as your research progresses, but they should always line up with the research carried out and the actual content of your paper.

Research aims

A distinction is often made between research objectives and research aims.

A research aim typically refers to a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear at the end of your problem statement, before your research objectives.

Your research objectives are more specific than your research aim and indicate the particular focus and approach of your project. Though you will only have one research aim, you will likely have several research objectives.

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Research objectives are important because they:

Establish the scope and depth of your project: This helps you avoid unnecessary research. It also means that your research methods and conclusions can easily be evaluated .
Contribute to your research design: When you know what your objectives are, you have a clearer idea of what methods are most appropriate for your research.
Indicate how your project will contribute to extant research: They allow you to display your knowledge of up-to-date research, employ or build on current research methods, and attempt to contribute to recent debates.

Once you’ve established a research problem you want to address, you need to decide how you will address it. This is where your research aim and objectives come in.

Step 1: Decide on a general aim

Your research aim should reflect your research problem and should be relatively broad.

Step 2: Decide on specific objectives

Break down your aim into a limited number of steps that will help you resolve your research problem. What specific aspects of the problem do you want to examine or understand?

Step 3: Formulate your aims and objectives

Once you’ve established your research aim and objectives, you need to explain them clearly and concisely to the reader.

You’ll lay out your aims and objectives at the end of your problem statement, which appears in your introduction. Frame them as clear declarative statements, and use appropriate verbs to accurately characterize the work that you will carry out.

The acronym “SMART” is commonly used in relation to research objectives. It states that your objectives should be:

Specific: Make sure your objectives aren’t overly vague. Your research needs to be clearly defined in order to get useful results.
Measurable: Know how you’ll measure whether your objectives have been achieved.
Achievable: Your objectives may be challenging, but they should be feasible. Make sure that relevant groundwork has been done on your topic or that relevant primary or secondary sources exist. Also ensure that you have access to relevant research facilities (labs, library resources , research databases , etc.).
Relevant: Make sure that they directly address the research problem you want to work on and that they contribute to the current state of research in your field.
Time-based: Set clear deadlines for objectives to ensure that the project stays on track.

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

Sampling methods
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Likert scales
Reproducibility

Statistics

Null hypothesis
Statistical power
Probability distribution
Effect size
Poisson distribution

Research bias

Optimism bias
Cognitive bias
Implicit bias
Hawthorne effect
Anchoring bias
Explicit bias

Research objectives describe what you intend your research project to accomplish.

They summarize the approach and purpose of the project and help to focus your research.

Your objectives should appear in the introduction of your research paper , at the end of your problem statement .

Your research objectives indicate how you’ll try to address your research problem and should be specific:

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

Scope of research is determined at the beginning of your research process , prior to the data collection stage. Sometimes called “scope of study,” your scope delineates what will and will not be covered in your project. It helps you focus your work and your time, ensuring that you’ll be able to achieve your goals and outcomes.

Defining a scope can be very useful in any research project, from a research proposal to a thesis or dissertation . A scope is needed for all types of research: quantitative , qualitative , and mixed methods .

To define your scope of research, consider the following:

Budget constraints or any specifics of grant funding
Your proposed timeline and duration
Specifics about your population of study, your proposed sample size , and the research methodology you’ll pursue
Any inclusion and exclusion criteria
Any anticipated control , extraneous , or confounding variables that could bias your research if not accounted for properly.

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Chapter 2 Formulating and clarifying the research topic

Jan 03, 2020

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Chapter 2 Formulating and clarifying the research topic. Formulating and clarifying your research topic. The important steps Identifying the attributes of a good research topic Generating ideas that help you select a suitable topic Turning ideas into clear research questions and objectives

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Chapter 2Formulating and clarifying the research topic

Formulating and clarifying your research topic The important steps • Identifying the attributes of a good research topic • Generating ideas that help you select a suitable topic • Turning ideas into clear research questions and objectives • Writing your research proposal

Attributes of a good research topic (1) Capability: is it feasible? • Are you fascinated by the topic? • Do you have the necessary research skills? • Can you complete the project in the time available? • Will the research still be current when you finish? • Do you have sufficient financial and other resources? • Will you be able to gain access to data?

Attributes of a good research topic (2) Appropriateness: is it worthwhile? • Will the examining institute's standards be met? • Does the the topic contain issues with clear links to theory? • Are the research questions and objectives clearly stated? • Will the proposed research provide fresh insights into the topic? • Are the findings likely to be symmetrical? • Does the research topic match your career goals?

Attributes of a good research topic (3) And - (if relevant) Does the topic relate clearly to an idea you were given - possibly by your organisation ?

Generating research ideas Useful Techniques Rational thinking Creative thinking Searching the literature Scanning the media Brainstorming Relevance Trees Exploring past projects Discussion Keeping an ideas notebook

Refining research ideas • Using the Delphi Technique • Conducting a preliminary study • Continually testing out your ideas • Integrating ideas • Refining topics given to you by your organisation

Writing research questions Write research questions that are • Consistent with expected standards • Able to produce clear conclusions • At the right level ( not too difficult ) • Not too descriptive • Use the ‘Goldilocks Test’ Clough and Nutbrown (2002)

Turning ideas into research projects (1) Examples of research ideas and their derived focus questions Table 2.2 Examples of research ideas and their derived focus research questions

Turning ideas into research projects (2) Useful techniques • Start with a general focus question • Use the ‘Russian Doll’ principle to reach the essence of the question • Discuss areas of interest with your tutor

Turning ideas into research projects (3) Writing clear research objectives • Check your examining body’s preferences for stated objectives • Use a general focus question to achieve precise objectives Saunders et al. (2009)

Turning ideas into research projects (4) Include SMART Personal objectives S pecific M easurable A chievable R ealistic T imely

The importance of theory • Asking for opinions and gathering facts – 'what' questions (descriptive research) • Using questions that go beyond description and require analysis – 'why'questions Phillips and Pugh (2005) In order to: Explain phenomena Analyse relationships Predict outcomes Compare and generalise

Threefold typology of theories Grand, middle range and substantive theories Creswell (2002) Figure 2.1 Grand, middle-range and substantive theories

Writing your research proposal Purposes of the research proposal • To organise your ideas • To convince your audience • To contract with your client (your tutor) • To meet ethical requirements

Content of your research proposal (1) • Title - likely to change during the process • Background - context within the literature • Research questions and objectives - what you seek to achieve

Content of your research proposal (2) • Method - can be in two parts: research design and data collection • Timescale and Resources - (finance, data access, equipment) • References - include some key literature sources

Evaluating research proposals • How the components of the proposal fit together • Viability of the proposal • Absence of preconceived ideas

Summary: Chapter 2 The best research topics • Formulate and clarify the topic • Meet the requirements of the examining body • Use a variety of techniques when generating research ideas • Are focused on clear questions based on relevant literature

Summary: Chapter 2 The best research topics • Are theory dependent • Have a proposal containing organised ideas Tell the reader: • What will be done and why • How it will be achieved

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Formulation of research objectives powerpoint
The first steps of any study are developing the research question, aim and objective. Subsequent steps develop from these and they govern the researchers' choice of population, setting, data to be collected and time period for the study. Clear, succinctly posed research questions, aims and objectives are essential if studies are to be ...
Formulating Research Hypothesis and Objective
Abstract. Formulating a research hypothesis and objectives is the first and foremost step in any research process as they provide a clear direction and purpose for your study. In this chapter, we shall learn about formulating an ideal research hypothesis and objectives. Formulation and development of the hypothesis and objectives take place ...
Chapter 2 Formulating and clarifying the research topic
Chapter 2Formulating and clarifying the research topic. Formulating and clarifying your research topic The important steps • Identifying the attributes of a good research topic • Generating ideas that help you select a suitable topic • Turning ideas into clear research questions and objectives • Writing your research proposal.