studies in higher education impact factor

Studies in Higher Education - Impact Score, Ranking, SJR, h-index, Citescore, Rating, Publisher, ISSN, and Other Important Details

Published By: Routledge

Abbreviation: Stud. High. Educ.

Impact Score The impact Score or journal impact score (JIS) is equivalent to Impact Factor. The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science. On the other hand, Impact Score is based on Scopus data.

Important details, about studies in higher education.

Studies in Higher Education is a journal published by Routledge . This journal covers the area[s] related to Education, etc . The coverage history of this journal is as follows: 1976-2022. The rank of this journal is 1695 . This journal's impact score, h-index, and SJR are 5.20, 120, and 1.716, respectively. The ISSN of this journal is/are as follows: 03075079, 1470174X . The best quartile of Studies in Higher Education is Q1 . This journal has received a total of 3142 citations during the last three years (Preceding 2022).

Studies in Higher Education Impact Score 2022-2023

The impact score (IS), also denoted as the Journal impact score (JIS), of an academic journal is a measure of the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is based on Scopus data.

Prediction of Studies in Higher Education Impact Score 2023

Impact Score 2022 of Studies in Higher Education is 5.20 . If a similar upward trend continues, IS may increase in 2023 as well.

Impact Score Graph

Check below the impact score trends of studies in higher education. this is based on scopus data., studies in higher education h-index.

The h-index of Studies in Higher Education is 120 . By definition of the h-index, this journal has at least 120 published articles with more than 120 citations.

What is h-index?

The h-index (also known as the Hirsch index or Hirsh index) is a scientometric parameter used to evaluate the scientific impact of the publications and journals. It is defined as the maximum value of h such that the given Journal has published at least h papers and each has at least h citations.

Studies in Higher Education ISSN

The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) of Studies in Higher Education is/are as follows: 03075079, 1470174X .

The ISSN is a unique 8-digit identifier for a specific publication like Magazine or Journal. The ISSN is used in the postal system and in the publishing world to identify the articles that are published in journals, magazines, newsletters, etc. This is the number assigned to your article by the publisher, and it is the one you will use to reference your article within the library catalogues.

ISSN code (also called as "ISSN structure" or "ISSN syntax") can be expressed as follows: NNNN-NNNC Here, N is in the set {0,1,2,3...,9}, a digit character, and C is in {0,1,2,3,...,9,X}

Studies in Higher Education Ranking and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)

SCImago Journal Rank is an indicator, which measures the scientific influence of journals. It considers the number of citations received by a journal and the importance of the journals from where these citations come.

Studies in Higher Education Publisher

The publisher of Studies in Higher Education is Routledge . The publishing house of this journal is located in the United Kingdom . Its coverage history is as follows: 1976-2022 .

Call For Papers (CFPs)

Please check the official website of this journal to find out the complete details and Call For Papers (CFPs).

Abbreviation

The International Organization for Standardization 4 (ISO 4) abbreviation of Studies in Higher Education is Stud. High. Educ. . ISO 4 is an international standard which defines a uniform and consistent system for the abbreviation of serial publication titles, which are published regularly. The primary use of ISO 4 is to abbreviate or shorten the names of scientific journals using the technique of List of Title Word Abbreviations (LTWA).

As ISO 4 is an international standard, the abbreviation ('Stud. High. Educ.') can be used for citing, indexing, abstraction, and referencing purposes.

How to publish in Studies in Higher Education

If your area of research or discipline is related to Education, etc. , please check the journal's official website to understand the complete publication process.

Acceptance Rate

• Interest/demand of researchers/scientists for publishing in a specific journal/conference.
• The complexity of the peer review process and timeline.
• Time taken from draft submission to final publication.
• Number of submissions received and acceptance slots
• And Many More.

The simplest way to find out the acceptance rate or rejection rate of a Journal/Conference is to check with the journal's/conference's editorial team through emails or through the official website.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the impact score of studies in higher education.

The latest impact score of Studies in Higher Education is 5.20. It is computed in the year 2023.

What is the h-index of Studies in Higher Education?

The latest h-index of Studies in Higher Education is 120. It is evaluated in the year 2023.

What is the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) of Studies in Higher Education?

The latest SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) of Studies in Higher Education is 1.716. It is calculated in the year 2023.

What is the ranking of Studies in Higher Education?

The latest ranking of Studies in Higher Education is 1695. This ranking is among 27955 Journals, Conferences, and Book Series. It is computed in the year 2023.

Who is the publisher of Studies in Higher Education?

Studies in Higher Education is published by Routledge. The publication country of this journal is United Kingdom.

What is the abbreviation of Studies in Higher Education?

This standard abbreviation of Studies in Higher Education is Stud. High. Educ..

Is "Studies in Higher Education" a Journal, Conference or Book Series?

Studies in Higher Education is a journal published by Routledge.

What is the scope of Studies in Higher Education?

For detailed scope of Studies in Higher Education, check the official website of this journal.

What is the ISSN of Studies in Higher Education?

The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) of Studies in Higher Education is/are as follows: 03075079, 1470174X.

What is the best quartile for Studies in Higher Education?

The best quartile for Studies in Higher Education is Q1.

What is the coverage history of Studies in Higher Education?

The coverage history of Studies in Higher Education is as follows 1976-2022.

Credits and Sources

• Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR), https://www.scimagojr.com/
• Journal Impact Factor, https://clarivate.com/
• Issn.org, https://www.issn.org/
• Scopus, https://www.scopus.com/

Note: The impact score shown here is equivalent to the average number of times documents published in a journal/conference in the past two years have been cited in the current year (i.e., Cites / Doc. (2 years)). It is based on Scopus data and can be a little higher or different compared to the impact factor (IF) produced by Journal Citation Report. Please refer to the Web of Science data source to check the exact journal impact factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Impact Score, SJR, h-Index, and Other Important metrics of These Journals, Conferences, and Book Series

Check complete list

Studies in Higher Education Impact Score (IS) Trend

Top journals/conferences in education.

Studies in Higher Education

( API-Link )

Impact Factor : 4.200 (based on Web of Science 2022)

• # 59 / 252 (Q1) in Education & Educational Research

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Journal Metrics Reports 2022

• Education & Language

Announcement of the latest impact factors from the Journal Citation Reports

Researchers consider a number of factors in deciding where to publish their research, such as journal reputation, readership and community, speed of publication, and citations. See how we share a whole range of information to help the research community decide which journal is the best home for their research as well as what the metrics can tell you about the performance of a journal and its articles.

Explore journal impact metrics

Children's Literature in Education

Impact Factor 0.4 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 0.5 (2022)

Cite Score 0.9 (2022)

H5 Index 12 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 466 (2022)

Downloads 157,578 (2022)

Educational Research for Policy and Practice

Impact Factor 1.8 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 1.5 (2022)

Cite Score 2.9 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 585 (2022)

Downloads 81,763 (2022)

Innovative Higher Education

Impact Factor 2.2 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 2.0 (2022)

Cite Score 2.8 (2022)

H5 Index 24 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 2,271 (2022)

Downloads 203,359 (2022)

Technology, Knowledge and Learning

Impact Factor 3.3 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 3.5 (2022)

Cite Score 8.3 (2022)

H5 Index 37 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 409 (2022)

Downloads 264,451 (2022)

Journal of Academic Ethics

5 Year Impact Factor 1.9 (2022)

Cite Score 4.2 (2022)

H5 Index 21 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 907 (2022)

Downloads 157,013 (2022)

Learning Environments Research

Impact Factor 2.9 (2022)

Cite Score 5.2 (2022)

H5 Index 27 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 321 (2022)

Downloads 218,523 (2022)

Neophilologus

Impact Factor 0.2 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 0.2 (2022)

Cite Score 0.4 (2022)

H5 Index 6 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 213 (2022)

Downloads 74,032 (2022)

International Review of Education

Impact Factor 3.2 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 3.0 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 1,358 (2022)

Downloads 266,508 (2022)

Russian Linguistics

Impact Factor 0.6 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 0.7 (2022)

H5 Index 8 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 141 (2022)

Downloads 38,917 (2022)

Tertiary Education and Management

Impact Factor 1.2 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 1.6 (2022)

H5 Index 22 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 182 (2022)

Downloads 66,785 (2022)

Impact Factor 1.4 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 120 (2022)

Downloads 43,753 (2022)

Impact Factor 2.5 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 2.6 (2022)

Cite Score 4.5 (2022)

H5 Index 42 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 1,446 (2022)

Downloads 376,145 (2022)

Impact Factor 0.5 (2022)

Cite Score 0.7 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 329 (2022)

Downloads 55,407 (2022)

International Journal of Early Childhood

Impact Factor 4.4 (2022)

Cite Score 4.9 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 1,603 (2022)

Downloads 201,008 (2022)

Mathematics Education Research Journal

5 Year Impact Factor 1.8 (2022)

Cite Score 3.7 (2022)

H5 Index 23 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 325 (2022)

Downloads 177,407 (2022)

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Impact Factor 1.3 (2022)

Cite Score 3.0 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 50 (2022)

Downloads 177,714 (2022)

Language Testing in Asia

Impact Factor 2.8 (2022)

Cite Score 3.1 (2022)

H5 Index 18 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 353 (2022)

Downloads 343,993 (2022)

Large-scale Assessments in Education

Impact Factor 3.1 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 4.0 (2022)

Cite Score 3.4 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 679 (2022)

Downloads 251,520 (2022)

Smart Learning Environments

Impact Factor 4.8 (2022)

Cite Score 7.2 (2022)

H5 Index 26 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 495 (2022)

Downloads 771,072 (2022)

Medical Science Educator

Impact Factor 1.7 (2022)

Cite Score 1.6 (2022)

H5 Index 19 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 1,962 (2022)

Downloads 461,458 (2022)

Journal of Computers in Education

Impact Factor 6.1 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 4.6 (2022)

Cite Score 10.6 (2022)

H5 Index 28 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 231 (2022)

Downloads 189,941 (2022)

International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy

Impact Factor 1.9 (2022)

Cite Score 2.3 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 277 (2022)

Downloads 355,274 (2022)

International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education

Impact Factor 1.5 (2022)

Cite Score 2.4 (2022)

H5 Index 20 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 33 (2022)

Downloads 80,041 (2022)

Journal of Religious Education

H5 Index 9 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 209 (2022)

Downloads 56,174 (2022)

New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies

Impact Factor 0.9 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 0.9 (2022)

Cite Score 1.5 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 599 (2022)

Downloads 91,710 (2022)

Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education

Social Media Mentions 74 (2022)

Downloads 303,388 (2022)

Journal of Formative Design in Learning

5 Year Impact Factor 1.4 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 56 (2022)

Downloads 16,044 (2022)

Corpus Pragmatics

Impact Factor 1.0 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 0.8 (2022)

Cite Score 1.8 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 139 (2022)

Downloads 36,255 (2022)

English Teaching & Learning

Impact Factor 1.6 (2022)

Cite Score 2.6 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 71 (2022)

Downloads 72,054 (2022)

Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education

Impact Factor 2.0 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 227 (2022)

Downloads 69,443 (2022)

Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education

Cite Score 3.6 (2022)

H5 Index 16 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 924 (2022)

Downloads 92,191 (2022)

The Australian Journal of Language and Literacy

Impact Factor 0.8 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 1.1 (2022)

Downloads 22,825 (2022)

Educational Psychology Review

Impact Factor 10.1 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 11.6 (2022)

Cite Score 14.5 (2022)

H5 Index 58 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 10,153 (2022)

Downloads 1,088,306 (2022)

Higher Education

Impact Factor 5.0 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 5.2 (2022)

Cite Score 8.6 (2022)

H5 Index 67 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 9,455 (2022)

Downloads 1,201,441 (2022)

International Journal of STEM Education

Impact Factor 6.7 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 7.0 (2022)

Cite Score 9.9 (2022)

H5 Index 47 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 2,098 (2022)

Downloads 1,402,826 (2022)

Natural Language & Linguistic Theory

Cite Score 3.5 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 255 (2022)

Downloads 101,040 (2022)

Annals of Dyslexia

Impact Factor 2.3 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 787 (2022)

Downloads 121,657 (2022)

International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance

Downloads 121,664 (2022)

Language Policy

5 Year Impact Factor 2.2 (2022)

Cite Score 4.3 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 491 (2022)

Downloads 129,289 (2022)

International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning

Impact Factor 4.3 (2022)

Cite Score 9.0 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 949 (2022)

Downloads 141,776 (2022)

Vocations and Learning

5 Year Impact Factor 2.5 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 111 (2022)

Downloads 149,548 (2022)

Language Resources and Evaluation

Impact Factor 2.7 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 2.3 (2022)

Cite Score 4.7 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 335 (2022)

Downloads 159,089 (2022)

The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics

Cite Score 1.7 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 48 (2022)

Downloads 17,510 (2022)

Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education

Impact Factor 2.1 (2022)

H5 Index 30 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 183 (2022)

Downloads 180,215 (2022)

Studies in Philosophy and Education

5 Year Impact Factor 1.2 (2022)

Cite Score 2.7 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 283 (2022)

Downloads 185,389 (2022)

Cultural Studies of Science Education

5 Year Impact Factor 1.3 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 1,342 (2022)

Downloads 190,783 (2022)

Metacognition and Learning

5 Year Impact Factor 4.4 (2022)

Cite Score 4.8 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 922 (2022)

Downloads 191,316 (2022)

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability

Impact Factor 3.9 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 3.1 (2022)

Cite Score 5.9 (2022)

Downloads 192,497 (2022)

Journal of Computing in Higher Education

Impact Factor 5.6 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 5.9 (2022)

Cite Score 9.6 (2022)

H5 Index 34 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 378 (2022)

Downloads 224,859 (2022)

Journal of Educational Change

5 Year Impact Factor 2.9 (2022)

Cite Score 4.4 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 1,627 (2022)

Downloads 230,682 (2022)

Journal of East Asian Linguistics

5 Year Impact Factor 0.6 (2022)

Cite Score 1.0 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 49 (2022)

Downloads 26,752 (2022)

Asia Pacific Education Review

5 Year Impact Factor 2.4 (2022)

H5 Index 25 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 446 (2022)

Downloads 288,969 (2022)

Instructional Science

H5 Index 31 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 954 (2022)

Downloads 289,735 (2022)

International Journal of Technology and Design Education

H5 Index 33 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 322 (2022)

Downloads 291,894 (2022)

The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher

Downloads 307,080 (2022)

Journal of Science Education and Technology

Cite Score 7.0 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 348 (2022)

Downloads 325,688 (2022)

Research in Higher Education

Social Media Mentions 2,223 (2022)

Downloads 333,276 (2022)

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education

H5 Index 41 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 414 (2022)

Downloads 357,873 (2022)

The Australian Educational Researcher

Downloads 364,261 (2022)

European Journal of Psychology of Education

Impact Factor 3.0 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 3.3 (2022)

Cite Score 6.4 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 347 (2022)

Downloads 384,769 (2022)

Social Psychology of Education

5 Year Impact Factor 3.6 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 1,064 (2022)

Downloads 404,356 (2022)

Science & Education

Social Media Mentions 2,124 (2022)

Downloads 419,048 (2022)

Natural Language Semantics

Impact Factor 1.1 (2022)

Cite Score 2.0 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 126 (2022)

Downloads 48,964 (2022)

Reading and Writing

H5 Index 39 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 2,564 (2022)

Downloads 483,162 (2022)

Advances in Health Sciences Education

Impact Factor 4.0 (2022)

5 Year Impact Factor 3.9 (2022)

Cite Score 5.7 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 2,201 (2022)

Downloads 489,675 (2022)

Research in Science Education

Cite Score 5.4 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 654 (2022)

Downloads 489,969 (2022)

Educational Studies in Mathematics

5 Year Impact Factor 3.2 (2022)

H5 Index 40 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 993 (2022)

Downloads 499,406 (2022)

ZDM – Mathematics Education

Social Media Mentions 690 (2022)

Downloads 545,308 (2022)

Educational technology research and development

5 Year Impact Factor 5.4 (2022)

Cite Score 8.1 (2022)

H5 Index 57 (2021)

Social Media Mentions 2,275 (2022)

Downloads 706,961 (2022)

Early Childhood Education Journal

Cite Score 3.8 (2022)

Social Media Mentions 710 (2022)

Downloads 794,718 (2022)

Linguistics and Philosophy

Downloads 94,480 (2022)

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Research in Higher Education

• Open to studies using a wide range of methods, with a special interest in advanced quantitative research methods.
• Covers topics such as student access, retention, success, faculty issues, institutional assessment, and higher education policy.
• Encourages submissions from scholars in disciplines outside of higher education.
• Publishes notes of a methodological nature, literature reviews and 'research and practice' studies.
• Aims to inform decision-making in postsecondary education policy and administration.

This is a transformative journal , you may have access to funding.

• William R. Doyle,
• Lauren T. Schudde

Latest issue

Volume 65, Issue 2

Latest articles

Unpacking the gap: socioeconomic background and the stratification of college applications in the united states.

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Performance-Based Funding and Certificates at Public Four-Year Institutions

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Making the Band: Constructing Competitiveness in Faculty Hiring Decisions

• Damani K. White-Lewis
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Journal updates

Editorial team changes july 2023.

As of July 1, 2023, the Research in Higher Education editorial team has made several transitions

Editorial board changes - 2021

Effective 1 January 2021, the editorial board of Research in Higher Education will undergo several changes.

Editorial board changes 2011

Effective January 1, 2011, several important changes occurred with the journal Research in Higher Education.

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The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green) comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the third highest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values.

The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It is based on the idea that 'all citations are not created equal'. SJR is a measure of scientific influence of journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from It measures the scientific influence of the average article in a journal, it expresses how central to the global scientific discussion an average article of the journal is.

Evolution of the number of published documents. All types of documents are considered, including citable and non citable documents.

This indicator counts the number of citations received by documents from a journal and divides them by the total number of documents published in that journal. The chart shows the evolution of the average number of times documents published in a journal in the past two, three and four years have been cited in the current year. The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Evolution of the total number of citations and journal's self-citations received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. Journal Self-citation is defined as the number of citation from a journal citing article to articles published by the same journal.

Evolution of the number of total citation per document and external citation per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. External citations are calculated by subtracting the number of self-citations from the total number of citations received by the journal’s documents.

International Collaboration accounts for the articles that have been produced by researchers from several countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's documents signed by researchers from more than one country; that is including more than one country address.

Not every article in a journal is considered primary research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research (research articles, conference papers and reviews) in three year windows vs. those documents other than research articles, reviews and conference papers.

Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year.

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Four of the biggest problems facing education—and four trends that could make a difference

Eduardo velez bustillo, harry a. patrinos.

In 2022, we published, Lessons for the education sector from the COVID-19 pandemic , which was a follow up to,  Four Education Trends that Countries Everywhere Should Know About , which summarized views of education experts around the world on how to handle the most pressing issues facing the education sector then. We focused on neuroscience, the role of the private sector, education technology, inequality, and pedagogy.

Unfortunately, we think the four biggest problems facing education today in developing countries are the same ones we have identified in the last decades .

1. The learning crisis was made worse by COVID-19 school closures

Low quality instruction is a major constraint and prior to COVID-19, the learning poverty rate in low- and middle-income countries was 57% (6 out of 10 children could not read and understand basic texts by age 10). More dramatic is the case of Sub-Saharan Africa with a rate even higher at 86%. Several analyses show that the impact of the pandemic on student learning was significant, leaving students in low- and middle-income countries way behind in mathematics, reading and other subjects.  Some argue that learning poverty may be close to 70% after the pandemic , with a substantial long-term negative effect in future earnings. This generation could lose around $21 trillion in future salaries, with the vulnerable students affected the most.

2. Countries are not paying enough attention to early childhood care and education (ECCE)

At the pre-school level about two-thirds of countries do not have a proper legal framework to provide free and compulsory pre-primary education. According to UNESCO, only a minority of countries, mostly high-income, were making timely progress towards SDG4 benchmarks on early childhood indicators prior to the onset of COVID-19. And remember that ECCE is not only preparation for primary school. It can be the foundation for emotional wellbeing and learning throughout life; one of the best investments a country can make.

3. There is an inadequate supply of high-quality teachers

Low quality teaching is a huge problem and getting worse in many low- and middle-income countries.  In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, the percentage of trained teachers fell from 84% in 2000 to 69% in 2019 . In addition, in many countries teachers are formally trained and as such qualified, but do not have the minimum pedagogical training. Globally, teachers for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects are the biggest shortfalls.

4. Decision-makers are not implementing evidence-based or pro-equity policies that guarantee solid foundations

It is difficult to understand the continued focus on non-evidence-based policies when there is so much that we know now about what works. Two factors contribute to this problem. One is the short tenure that top officials have when leading education systems. Examples of countries where ministers last less than one year on average are plentiful. The second and more worrisome deals with the fact that there is little attention given to empirical evidence when designing education policies.

To help improve on these four fronts, we see four supporting trends:

1. Neuroscience should be integrated into education policies

Policies considering neuroscience can help ensure that students get proper attention early to support brain development in the first 2-3 years of life. It can also help ensure that children learn to read at the proper age so that they will be able to acquire foundational skills to learn during the primary education cycle and from there on. Inputs like micronutrients, early child stimulation for gross and fine motor skills, speech and language and playing with other children before the age of three are cost-effective ways to get proper development. Early grade reading, using the pedagogical suggestion by the Early Grade Reading Assessment model, has improved learning outcomes in many low- and middle-income countries. We now have the tools to incorporate these advances into the teaching and learning system with AI , ChatGPT , MOOCs and online tutoring.

2. Reversing learning losses at home and at school

There is a real need to address the remaining and lingering losses due to school closures because of COVID-19.  Most students living in households with incomes under the poverty line in the developing world, roughly the bottom 80% in low-income countries and the bottom 50% in middle-income countries, do not have the minimum conditions to learn at home . These students do not have access to the internet, and, often, their parents or guardians do not have the necessary schooling level or the time to help them in their learning process. Connectivity for poor households is a priority. But learning continuity also requires the presence of an adult as a facilitator—a parent, guardian, instructor, or community worker assisting the student during the learning process while schools are closed or e-learning is used.

To recover from the negative impact of the pandemic, the school system will need to develop at the student level: (i) active and reflective learning; (ii) analytical and applied skills; (iii) strong self-esteem; (iv) attitudes supportive of cooperation and solidarity; and (v) a good knowledge of the curriculum areas. At the teacher (instructor, facilitator, parent) level, the system should aim to develop a new disposition toward the role of teacher as a guide and facilitator. And finally, the system also needs to increase parental involvement in the education of their children and be active part in the solution of the children’s problems. The Escuela Nueva Learning Circles or the Pratham Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) are models that can be used.

3. Use of evidence to improve teaching and learning

We now know more about what works at scale to address the learning crisis. To help countries improve teaching and learning and make teaching an attractive profession, based on available empirical world-wide evidence , we need to improve its status, compensation policies and career progression structures; ensure pre-service education includes a strong practicum component so teachers are well equipped to transition and perform effectively in the classroom; and provide high-quality in-service professional development to ensure they keep teaching in an effective way. We also have the tools to address learning issues cost-effectively. The returns to schooling are high and increasing post-pandemic. But we also have the cost-benefit tools to make good decisions, and these suggest that structured pedagogy, teaching according to learning levels (with and without technology use) are proven effective and cost-effective .

4. The role of the private sector

When properly regulated the private sector can be an effective education provider, and it can help address the specific needs of countries. Most of the pedagogical models that have received international recognition come from the private sector. For example, the recipients of the Yidan Prize on education development are from the non-state sector experiences (Escuela Nueva, BRAC, edX, Pratham, CAMFED and New Education Initiative). In the context of the Artificial Intelligence movement, most of the tools that will revolutionize teaching and learning come from the private sector (i.e., big data, machine learning, electronic pedagogies like OER-Open Educational Resources, MOOCs, etc.). Around the world education technology start-ups are developing AI tools that may have a good potential to help improve quality of education .

After decades asking the same questions on how to improve the education systems of countries, we, finally, are finding answers that are very promising.  Governments need to be aware of this fact.

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Consultant, Education Sector, World Bank

Senior Adviser, Education

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