york university thesis database

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How can I find a York University thesis?

See  Theses and Dissertations: York University Dissertations

A guide to locating theses and dissertations by York students, in North America, and from international sources.

• Last Updated Jan 30, 2024
• Answered By Betty Irving
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Doctoral Dissertation

Doctoral general requirements, types of dissertations.

Doctoral dissertations shall be on a topic approved by the student’s supervisor and supervisory committee, and shall include submission and approval of a dissertation proposal, including appropriate ethics review and approval, in accordance with Faculty and program requirements and procedures. Dissertations must embody the results of original research and must be successfully defended at an oral examination.

The doctoral dissertation must embody original work conducted while in program, and must constitute a significant contribution to knowledge. It should contain evidence of critical understanding of the relevant literature. The material embodied in the dissertation should merit publication.

By submitting a thesis or dissertation, a student is making the representation that it is entirely his or her own work and that it has been done while he or she was a graduate student at York University.

If such is not the case, then the student must indicate in a signed, written statement what part of the thesis or dissertation is solely his or her own or co-authored. If co-authored, the candidate must provide an account of its provenance. The supervisor must produce her or his own corroborative written statement.

If a thesis or dissertation is the result of collaborative work, then the nature of the collaboration and the extent of the candidate’s contribution must be described in a written statement signed by the candidate and approved in writing by the candidate’s supervisor. Where there has been collaboration with others in the collection or preparation of data, materials, or documentation included in the thesis or dissertation, then appropriate acknowledgment must be made in the thesis or dissertation.

If a thesis or dissertation—or any part thereof—has been published prior to submission of the dissertation, then the candidate must disclose this fact in a signed written statement, and the supervisor must approve in writing the inclusion of such work in the thesis or dissertation. In cases where one or more chapters of the thesis or dissertation have been previously published in a journal or book to which the author has assigned copyright, permission to include the chapter(s) in the thesis or dissertation must be obtained from the copyright holder(s). Please see the section on Copyright for more details.

A thesis or dissertation containing previously published material of which the candidate is the author and/or co-author should also contain a review of the literature that adequately explains the relationship to the literature of the work undertaken. In addition, it should contain a rationale for the study. These elements may form part of the body of the work – normally an introduction or opening chapter – that leads coherently into the publications. Furthermore, there should be a concluding chapter or section that discusses the body of the thesis or dissertation, including all previously published parts.

A false representation or failure to make a disclosure as outlined above is an academic offence and renders the thesis or dissertation ineligible for consideration of the relevant degree.

The general form and style of a dissertation may differ from program to program, but a dissertation should be a coherent work. This means that if a dissertation contains separate manuscripts, there needs also to be introductory and concluding chapters that explain how these separate manuscripts fit together into a unified body of research. If previously published materials are included, then it should be made clear what exactly is the student’s own work and what is the contribution of other researchers, as outlined above under Originality of a Dissertation.

All theses and dissertations must contain a written component. Theses and dissertations may, however, include other components in addition to the written component.

A complex electronic dissertation is a work with a high reliance on slides, film or videos, electronically interactive word/image-based text on CD-ROM or the internet. For complex electronic theses/dissertations, part of the work can be produced in traditional written form, but key elements of the work depend on direct experience with or interaction with a text whose physical form may be changed as a consequence of the interaction. Students producing a multimedia dissertation should consult with the  Library and Archives Canada  website for advice on formats supportable for preservation. However, a student may work in or submit work in an unsupported format as part of the oral exam as long as the work is readily accessible by the exam committee and the student submits a written component.

A multimodal dissertation is a work in which the key component is a performance or piece of art. For multimodal theses/dissertations, part of the work can be produced in traditional written form, but key elements of the work depend on direct experience by the exam committee with, for example, displayed artworks or theatrical productions.

For both electronic and multimodal theses/dissertations, students may wish to include supplementary files as part of their final submission (see Final Dissertation Submission below).

A thesis or dissertation should be written in English, but approval may be given to a written request from a student for a thesis or dissertation to be written in French or in the language of any Aboriginal/First Nations people in North America, subject to confirmation from the director of the graduate program concerned that relevant supervision and sufficient support for the completion of such written work can be provided.

For theses/dissertation written in English, either American or British spelling is acceptable provided that it is used consistently throughout.

Students preparing their dissertation should follow a single style guide appropriate to their discipline.  The York University Libraries  provides links to various style guides for various disciplines.

Dissertation Proposals

In accordance with program requirements and procedures, all students should prepare a thesis/dissertation proposal, normally in consultation with their supervisor in advance of commencing their proposed inquiry. Each program should have written guidelines and should communicate them to candidates, as and when appropriate.

At a minimum, the proposal should contain a brief statement in non-technical language on the purpose/goals of the thesis/dissertation research, its relationship to existing work in the area, through an abbreviated literature review, the research question(s), the proposed methodology(ies) with rationale, and the contribution which the researcher hopes to make to the advancement of knowledge in the field. In addition, the proposal includes a title, the name of the supervisor and the supervisory committee. The title should indicate as clearly as possible the area of research, but it is understood that this title may change. The recommended maximum length of a proposal is 3,500 words, but individual programs may require proposals of a greater length. Proposals must be reviewed and approved by a student’s thesis or dissertation committee.

Following approval of the proposal by the supervisory committee, students must submit one or more copies of the proposal to the graduate program director. After confirming that the relevant Faculty and internal program requirements have been satisfied, the program director is responsible for submitting the proposals to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies using the  Form TD1: Dissertation Research Submission.

As indicated on Form TD1: Dissertation Research Submission, submission of the proposal to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, includes submission of the relevant research ethics forms and documentation. For more information, please refer to the Research Ethics section of this Handbook.

For a doctoral dissertation, the supervisory committee must review the student’s research proposal and recommend its approval not less than six months prior to the date set for the oral examination.

Please note that the deadlines outlined above are the Faculty’s minimum requirements, and individual graduate programs may have more specific requirements and timelines with respect to the development, review and approval of dissertation proposals. Students should consult their program for more details. Further, the Faculty deadlines outlined above may not provide the time necessary for ethics approval, if required. More information regarding research ethics is provided below.

Research Ethics

York University is committed to the highest standards of integrity in research. All projects involving the use of human subjects, animals, and biohazardous materials are subject to review by the appropriate University committee. York has formulated policies and procedures for the conduct of research involving all three of these areas.

As indicated on Form TD1: Thesis/Dissertation Research Submission , submission of the thesis/dissertation proposal to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies for approval must include the relevant research ethics forms and documentation.

All research involving human participants is governed by the Senate Policy for the Ethics Review Process for Research Involving Human Participants . The Senate Policy stipulates that all University-based research involving human participants, whether funded or non-funded, faculty or student, scholarly, commercial or consultative, is subject to an ethics review process. The Senate Policy for the Ethics Review Process for Research Involving Human Participants and corresponding review procedures adhere to the published guidelines of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, known as the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS).

Please note that in accordance with the TCPS and Senate policy, graduate students undertaking research with human participants may not begin that research until their proposal has received approval from the appropriate body . Further, prior to conducting research involving human participants, graduate students are required to complete the complete the TCPS tutorial .

Details regarding the ethics review procedures for thesis/dissertation research involving human participants is available on the Faculty of Graduate Studies research ethics web page.

Students conducting research with human participants may be required to submit the Form TD2: Human Participants Research Protocol (.pdf). Additional forms may be required.

Further details regarding the University policies and ethics review procedures for thesis/dissertation research involving animals and bio-hazardous materials is available on the Office of Research Ethics web page.

Ethics guidelines for other research situations are also available on the Office of Research Ethics web page, including:

• Invasive Procedures
• Health and Safety Checklist
• Surveys and Research in an Online Environment
• Research Conducted by External Researchers
• Research Conducted in Hospital Clinical Settings
• Research in Educational Settings
• Research Involving Minor Age Participants
• Research with People who are Homeless

Students hold copyright to their dissertations, regardless of the method of submission. Consequently, a student is free to publish his or her dissertation following a successful oral examination. Please note that if a dissertation includes any work which is copyrighted to another party, permission may be required to publish the dissertation.

After a successful oral examination the  Library and Archives Canada Thesis Non-Exclusive License  must be submitted to the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies. The student must also accept the terms of the York University Copyright License as part of the electronic submission of their dissertation using the  Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD).

By signing these licenses, a student is confirming that his or her dissertation is his or her original work, that his or her dissertation does not infringe any rights of others, and that he or she has the right to make the grant conferred by those copyright licenses. In addition, the student is granting a Licence to York University to make copies including electronically formatted copies, and/or distribute worldwide all or part of the dissertation, subject to the conditions outlined.

If applicable, the student should submit copies of any required copyright permissions prior to the final dissertation submission to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies. The student should also retain copies of all copyright permission requests and approvals.

The following sections provide guidance and suggestions with respect to when and how to secure copyright permission. It is, however, the responsibility of the student to confirm that if there is copyrighted material in his or her dissertation, it either complies with the “fair dealing” provisions of the  Canadian Copyright Act  or documented permission has been obtained to use the copyrighted material. The Office of the Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies cannot offer legal advice as to whether or not copyright permission is required.

Limit of Copyright Protection : Copyright protection applies to original, literary, musical, dramatic or artistic works in a variety of forms, including written materials, computer software, and web-based formats regardless of whether the work in question is published or not and whether someone has made it available to the public or not. This protection expires 50 years after the death of the originator, regardless of who holds copyright at that time.

Public Domain : A work that is freely available to the public is not necessarily in the public domain. For a work to be in the public domain, the originator must have specifically waived copyright to the work, or copyright must have legally expired. Work that is in the public domain can be used by anyone without copyright being violated.

Fair Dealing : A student is allowed to use copyrighted material in his or her dissertation provided it falls under the  Canadian Copyright Act's  definition of "fair dealing". Information on York University’s Fair Dealing Guidelines can be reviewed at  York University—Copyright .

While it is required academic practice to cite sources, proper citation does not remove the obligation to obtain documented permission to use copyrighted permission that is not covered under the “fair dealing” provisions of the Canadian Copyright Act. If a dissertation includes any of the following elements, the student should seek copyright permission. (Please note that this is not an exhaustive list. If you require additional information on York’s Copyright Policy or Fair Dealing Guidelines contact the Copyright Office at  [email protected] ).

• Material or parts of material written by the dissertation author which have been previously published in a journal and to which the author has assigned copyright
• Material co-authored with another author(s) who share copyright
• Tables, figures, and all forms of images including photos, maps, graphs, drawings, logos etc. that have been obtained from a copyrighted source, including websites, newspapers, journals, books, brochures, professors' lecture notes, etc.
• Scripts and recordings of any performance

In cases where a student is not certain that his or her use of copyrighted material is covered under the "fair dealing" provisions of the Canadian Copyright Act, documented permission from the copyright holder(s) must be obtained in order to include the material in the dissertation. Since securing copyright permission may take some time, it is strongly recommended that students being this process sooner rather than later. Please note that the copyright holder must be aware of and agree to the terms of the York University Copyright License and Library and Archives Canada Thesis Non-Exclusive License.

If seeking permission from a journal, a good first step is to check the journal’s website, which may provide information with respect to copyright, including advance permission to journal authors who have signed over copyright, how to request permission, and uses that are specifically prohibited. There are also a number of websites that may be helpful in determining the copyright policies of particular journals/publishers, including  Sherpa Romeo  and  EPrints . Some journals and publishers provide (on their website or on request) a policy statement granting copyright permission to the author of a dissertation who signed over copyright to the journal/publisher. In such cases, retain a copy of that policy statement as evidence of documented permission.

Alternatively, a student should contact the copyright holder. Sample text for a copyright permission request is included below. Although email proof of permission is acceptable, please note that an original, signed letter on the copyright holder’s letterhead is the best protection against accusations of copyright violation.

Students should provide copies of any required copyright permissions prior to submission of their final dissertation to the thesis coordinator in the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies. Students should also retain copies of all copyright permission requests and approvals.

[Date] [Name] [Address] Re: Request for Permission to Use Copyrighted Material in a Dissertation Dear: I am a York University student preparing my dissertation for submission as part of the requirements of my master’s/doctoral degree in [program]. The title of my [dissertation] is: […] The reason I am writing is to ask permission to include the following material in my dissertation: [Provide standard reference information for the material, including figure/table number, if any, and page numbers. If appropriate, you can also briefly describe the manner/context in which the material will be used in dissertation.] The material will be fully cited in my dissertation. In the interest of facilitating research by others, my dissertation will be available on the internet for reference, study and/or copy. The electronic version of my dissertation will be accessible through the York University Libraries website and catalogue, and also through various web search engines. I will be granting Library and Archives Canada a non-exclusive license to reproduce, loan, distribute, or sell single copies of my thesis by any means and in any form or format. These rights will in no way restrict republication of the material in any other form by you or by others authorized by you. Could you please confirm in writing or by email that these arrangements meet with your approval. If you do not solely control the copyright in the material, please let me know as soon as possible. I would also appreciate any information you can provide about others to whom I should write to request permission. If you would like to confirm permission in writing, you can do so by signing and completing the information below and returning this signed and completed letter in the enclosed self-addressed stamped envelope by [date]. If you would like to confirm permission by email, my email address is […]. Sincerely,[Your Name and Signature] I, the undersigned, hereby represent and warrant that I have authority to grant the permission requested and do grant the permission. Signature: Name:

Students must include full citations for any copyrighted material used in their dissertation regardless of source, including photos, pictures, charts, graphs and tables.

Each citation must include the copyright symbol, name of the copyright holder (who may or may not be the author), and, if applicable, a statement that the use of the material or adaptation (in the case of adapted graphics) is by permission of the copyright holder.

In cases where use of copyrighted material is not covered under the "fair dealing" provisions of the Canadian Copyright Act and a student is unable to secure permission from the copyright holder (or there is a charge for obtaining permission), the material in question must be removed from the dissertation. In its place, the student should indicate that the material has been removed because of copyright restrictions.

Depending upon the nature of the material, the student may want to include additional information. In the case of a figure or image that has been removed, a description of the missing material and a full citation of source material and where it can be found (including, if possible, a link to an online source) would be helpful to those reading the dissertation. In the case of a chapter that was previously published in a journal, an abstract of the chapter content and link to the journal website where the article can be found could be provided.

Intellectual Property

The Faculty of Graduate Studies recognizes the mission of the university to seek, preserve, and disseminate knowledge and to conduct research in a fair, open, and morally responsible manner.

In such regard, the Faculty of Graduate Studies believes that intellectual property rights are divided among several interests, and that the rights and obligations of various claimants should be specified, fairly regulated, and that disputes arising may be mediated. All parties (students and faculty) are expected to behave in an ethically appropriate manner beyond their immediate graduate student/supervisory relationship, to encompass intellectual property rights, dissemination of research data, and in making decisions on authorship and publication of joint research.

Because of the varied cultural aspects and practices that differ among the graduate programs, each program is responsible for enacting and enforcing this policy of appropriate ethical practices on intellectual property rights, in compliance with the  Faculty Policy on Intellectual Property for Graduate Programs . Programs that choose not to enact their own specific policy are bound by the  Faculty Policy on Intellectual Property for Graduate Programs .

Organization and Technical Requirements

Although the form, style, sections, etc. of main body (text) of the dissertation may differ from program to program, all theses/dissertations must include the following components in the following order.

The front matter of the dissertation must be numbered with lower case Roman numerals. The page number should be not be included on the title page, although the title page is considered page i. Numbering must be included starting with the abstract, as page ii, and continue until the end of the front matter, as follows:

The main body of the dissertation, starting with the introduction or chapter one, must be numbered with Arabic numerals, beginning with the number 1. Each chapter of the main body must begin on a separate page. Footnotes and/or endnotes are considered part of the main body of the dissertation.

The back matter of the dissertation includes references (or the bibliography), as well as any appendices, glossaries, indexes, where and as applicable. The back matter must be numbered with Arabic numerals, which should follow from the last page of the main body of the dissertation.

Each appendix must be assigned an alphabetical letter and title, (e.g., Appendix A: Title). Appendices are ordered in the same sequence as they are referred to in the body of the text; that is, the appendix first mentioned in the text is assigned the letter A, the second is B, etc. Materials in the appendices that are copied from other sources must meet the same requirements as the body of the paper, for example, copies or scans from books, maps, etc., must be clear and legible, and must maintain the same margins.

Technical Requirements

A sample title page is provided below. The title page should include the following information:

• Dissertation Title: The title should provide a concise and meaningful description of the thesis/dissertation. It is recommended that the title include keywords to make the dissertation more easily searchable. It is also recommended that formulas, Greek letters, symbols and abbreviations be avoided in the title, and that they be written out as words instead.
• Student Name: The name on the title page must be the one under which the student is registered at York University.
• All title pages must include the following statement: A Dissertation* submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy* [*For a master’s thesis, replace “Dissertation” with “Thesis”, and indicate the master’s degree designation (e.g. Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Fine Arts) in place of “Doctor of Philosophy”]
• Program and Institution: Name of Program [e.g. English, Biology, Music], York University, Toronto, Ontario
• Date: The month and year that the Chair of the Examining Committee confirmed successful defence of the thesis/dissertation
• Copyright: The universal copyright symbol ©, followed by the student name (which must be the name under which the student is registered at York University) and year that the Chair of the Examining Committee confirmed successful defence of the dissertation.

The information on the title page may be centered, as long as all margins are at least 1 inch (25 mm). The font of the title page need not be the same as that used in the sample title page provided below.

Each dissertation must contain an abstract. The abstract is expected to give a succinct account of the dissertation so that a reader can decide whether to read the complete work.

For doctoral dissertations, the abstract cannot exceed 350 words. An abstract contains a statement of the problem, the procedure or methods used, the results and the conclusions.

The abstract should be inserted immediately following the Title Page, and should be numbered "ii".

An acknowledgements page may be included.

The Table of Contents, List of Tables and List of Figures, where applicable, should follow the abstract (or acknowledgements, if any). Curriculum vitae, list of student-authored publications, or conference presentations do not form part of the contents of the dissertation. A truncated version of the Table of Contents should not precede each chapter.

The document must be formatted using letter sized pages (8.5 x 11 inches).

The same font type (e.g. Arial or Times New Roman) should be used throughout the dissertation, particularly the main body.

The font size of the main body of the dissertation must be a minimum of 10 points, with smaller font sizes permitted for endnotes/footnotes, graphs, formulae, appendices, etc. A font size larger than 12 points is not recommended for the main body of the dissertation.

The line spacing must be at least one-and-a-half (1.5) spaces or double-spaced. Single spacing may be used for long quotations and foot/endnotes.

All margins must beat least 1 inch (25mm). Margins may be wider but not narrower than the stated requirements. For example, the first page of every chapter may have a top margin of 2.5 inches.

Running headers to put title, name, chapter, etc., on each page are not acceptable.

All page numbers should be in a consistent location, that is either centre bottom, centre top, right top corner, or right bottom corner. They must fall at the 1 inch (25 mm) margin. There should be no blank pages or large blank spaces within the dissertation.

Each diagram and table should be numbered. Page numbers should appear in the same position on the page as they appear elsewhere in the body of the text. Tables may be horizontal or vertical as long as the required margins are used. Diagrams must be generated by graphic software.

All images included in the thesis or dissertation should be of high quality and sufficient resolution.

• Sample Title Page (.pdf)
• Sample Table of Contents (.pdf)
• Sample List of Tables (.pdf)

Oral Examination

Doctoral dissertation exam committees.

A dissertation examining committee shall consist of at least five voting members, including the Chair, as follows:

• The Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies or her/his representative, who will be at arm’s length from the supervision of the dissertation, and who will serve as Chair of the examining committee;
• One external examiner, from outside York University, at arm’s length from the dissertation, recommended by the program director;
• one graduate faculty member at arm’s length from the dissertation, and normally from outside the program, recommended by the program director;
• two graduate faculty members from the supervisory committee, or one member from the supervisory committee and one graduate faculty member from the program.

These are minimum requirements with respect to the composition of and quorum for dissertation examining committees. Individual graduate programs may include one additional voting member on examining committees, in accordance with program requirements and procedures.

In exceptional circumstances, the Dean may approve a program director’s recommendation that a York University faculty member who is not a member of the graduate faculty serve as a member (but not the Chair) of an examining committee. Such recommendations are to be accompanied by a brief rationale and an up-to-date curriculum vitae, which may be attached to the  Recommendation for Oral Examination Form .

In addition to the voting members, the thesis examining committee may include the following ex-officio members (non-voting, unless present as one of the voting members named above):  Vice-President Academic & Provost, Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies or his/her representative, Graduate Program Director.

Only under rare, exceptional and compelling circumstances can an oral examination proceed in the absence of the external examiner, and only with the express permission of the Dean. In such circumstances, the following conditions must be met:

• the external’s absence must be unplanned and unavoidable (i.e. it must have been the initial intent that the external would be present);
• a written assessment of the dissertation must be received before the scheduled examination, including certification that the dissertation is examinable, and identification of any areas that need revision, or questioning and clarification at the oral exam. However, if the external examiner feels that the result of the examination depends upon the oral exam, then the external examiner shall be present or the oral exam will be postponed until the external examiner can be present or an alternative external examiner is appointed.

Prior to the establishment of a doctoral dissertation exam committee, the student’s supervisory committee must read the dissertation and agree that the version read is ready to proceed to oral examination.

Following agreement by the supervisory committee that the dissertation is ready to proceed to oral examination, recommendation for membership of a doctoral dissertation exam committee (as well as the date and location of the oral exam) is formally initiated by the graduate program director via submission of a  Recommendation for Oral Examination Form .

Final approval of doctoral dissertation exam committee membership recommendations rests with the Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies.

The membership of each committee must be recommended by the appropriate graduate program director for approval and appointment by the Dean of Graduate Studies as soon as possible and no later than 20 business days before the date set for the oral examination.

Copies of the doctoral dissertation approved by the supervisory committee must be provided to the members of the examining committee no less than 20 business days before the date of the oral examination. (The oral exam may be held less than 20 business days from the time copies are sent to the examining committee provided all parties agree.)

External Examiners are expected to be established academics, normally members of a graduate Faculty at another university. Students may not initiate the invitation to external examiners; this is the responsibility of the program director and/or the supervisor.

Following approval by the Dean of the program’s external examiner recommendation, a formal letter of invitation will be written by the Dean to the external examiner, offering the examiner an honorarium and indicating how to claim expenses. Program directors must obtain prior approval from the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies of external examiners’ expenses above $350; therefore, external examiners should not be invited unless approval has been obtained.

The program assistant or the supervisor (not the student), should send the external examiner’s copy of the dissertation. The copy must be received by the external examiner at least 20 business days prior to the exam. It should be accompanied, at the minimum, by generic instructions and notification that the Dean’s official letter of invitation will follow (see below for generic instructions). For delivery to an Ontario university or home delivery, the minimum method used to send the dissertation should be by Express Post. The dissertation should be well packaged to protect it from damage. A follow-up e-mail or phone call should be made to the external examiner to ensure the dissertation was received.

The external examiner will be asked to submit written comments five business days in advance of the oral examination. These comments may be made available to the candidate after the oral, with the external examiner’s permission.

The following generic instructions should be used when sending a copy of the dissertation to the external examiner.

Enclosed is your copy of the dissertation for [student’s name] at whose oral examination you will serve as the external examiner.

As the external examiner, you are recognized as being an eminent person in the field of the dissertation, whose assessment will be treated as the standard by which the quality of the candidate’s work will be measured. As a voting member of the committee, you do not have a formal power of veto, but the exam committee must have substantial reasons for not accepting your recommendation, especially if the recommendation is negative.

Five business days before the date set for the oral defence, please send a written assessment of the dissertation to Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies. This written assessment may be sent by mail (Office of the Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies, 230 York Lanes, York University, 4700 Keele St, North York, Ontario, M3J 1P3), by FAX (416-736- 5592) or by e-mail to the appropriate Graduate Milestones Coordinator .

The written assessment report should:

• outline the strengths and weaknesses of the dissertation
• be more than a statement of errata and/or questions you would pose to the student
• contain an explicit statement indicating whether the dissertation is examinable
• be written with the understanding that should the dissertation be nominated for a Dissertation Prize, the report will form part of the nomination papers
• This report will be distributed to the program director and members of the Examining Committee before the examination.
• Where the Committee deems it advisable and if you agree, the report may be made available to the student at the end of the examination.
• If you have serious doubts about the examinability of this dissertation, please contact the Graduate Program Director «GPD name» (416-736-2100, ext. «GPD telephone») or the Dean at 416-736-5329 at least five business days before the date of the oral.

The formal invitation from the Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies will follow shortly. Thank you for your participation.

Scheduling of Doctoral Dissertation Oral Exams

In consultation with the student and the members of the exam committee, the graduate program director will recommend the date, time and location of an oral exam via submission of a  Recommendation for Oral Examination Form .

Oral examinations for doctoral dissertations shall be held normally no less than 20 business days from the date on which copies of the completed dissertation approved by the supervisory committee are sent to each member of the examining committee. The oral exam may be held less than 20 business days from the time copies are sent to the examining committee provided all parties agree.

The student must be registered as active for the term in which the oral exam is scheduled to take place.

Number of Copies The number of copies of a dissertation required for an oral exam depends upon the number of members on the exam committee. A dissertation exam committee consists of at least five voting members, including the Chair. However, it is often the case that more than five copies of the dissertation are required for an oral exam. The dissertation supervisor or program director will inform the student how many copies of the dissertation are required for the exam.

Nature of Copies The student is responsible for ensuring that all members of the exam committee have an e-copy of the dissertation, unless prior approval has been received for the submission of a paper copy. (If paper copies are submitted for the oral exam, the pagination and formatting of each page of the paper copies and the e-copies must match.)

For a complex electronic dissertation, the student is responsible for ensuring that all members of the exam committee have an e-copy of the written component of the dissertation, unless prior approval has been received for the submission of a paper copy. (If paper copies are submitted for the oral exam, the pagination and formatting of each page of the paper copies and the e-copies must match.) For the remaining component of the work, it is the student’s responsibility to ensure that the work produced for the dissertation can be examined by the examining committee. Students producing a multimedia dissertation should consult with the  Library and Archives Canada  website for advice on formats supportable for preservation. However, a student may work in/submit work in an unsupported format as part of the oral exam as long as the work is readily accessible by the exam committee and the student submits a written component.

For a multimodal dissertation, the student is responsible for ensuring that all members of the exam committee have an e-copy of the written component of the dissertation, unless prior approval has been received for the submission of a paper copy. (If paper copies are submitted for the oral exam, the pagination and formatting of each page of the paper copies and the e-copies must match.) For the remaining component of the work, it is the student’s responsibility to make arrangements for the exam committee to view/engage in the non-written component.

Note:  If an examining committee member requests a paper copy of the written component(s) of the dissertation, it is the graduate program's responsibility to make arrangements once an e-copy has been provided by the student.

Before an oral examination can be convened, a majority of the exam committee members must agree that the thesis is examinable. The graduate program director shall poll the members of the exam committee five business days before the scheduled date for the oral. If the student does not receive a majority vote, the members of the examining committee who do not agree that the thesis is examinable are required to give their reasons in writing to the student, the supervisor, and the Dean within five business days after the poll. In such cases, the oral shall be postponed for a period not to exceed 12 months. However, the student has the right to insist that the oral proceed as planned.

Members of the examining committee are normally expected to attend the oral examination in person, except where decanal permission for the use alternative technologies such as video- or teleconferencing has been granted. The rationale for this examination mode must be made by the program to the Dean. Normally, no more than one member of an examining committee should be linked to the examination process through alternative means. Only in exceptional circumstances would the supervisor, an internal York member, or the student be the off-site participant.

With the consent of the voting members of the examination committee, the program director and the student, the Dean may approve a recommendation that an oral examination be rescheduled due to exceptional circumstances.

The use of audio-visual (AV) equipment at oral exams is governed by the following principles:

• AV equipment may be used for oral exam presentations but the Faculty of Graduate Studies is not responsible for ordering supplies or equipment (e.g., overhead projectors).
• Audio-taping or videotaping of oral exams is not permitted.

The oral exam is a public academic event. Faculty members, graduate students and others may attend oral exams at the discretion of the Chair of the exam committee. They may, at the discretion of the Chair, participate in the questioning. Only members of the exam committee may be present for the evaluation and for the vote at the conclusion of an oral exam.

Graduate students have the right to choose to hold a thesis or dissertation defence in an electronically mediated, audio/visual, online format (via Zoom) or to defend in person. Consult with your supervisor, supervisory committee, and Graduate Program Assistant via email. GPAs can then convey this information to FGS.

If the external examiner is unable to participate in the defence medium chosen, then the defence must be cancelled and rescheduled when they are able to participate. Please contact the Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinators to convey this information by visiting our  FGS Staff Directory .

Please note that the graduate regulation prohibiting audio-taping or videotaping oral exams remains in place for defences conducted online (see Use of Audio-Visual Equipment at Oral Exams for  Master's students  and  doctoral students ).

Doctoral Dissertation Oral Exam Evaluation Guidelines and Reporting of Results

• Doctoral dissertations submitted by students in partial fulfillment of degree requirements must be successfully defended at oral examinations. The oral examination will centre on the dissertation.
• if the committee accepts the dissertation with no revisions; or,
• if the committee accepts the dissertation with specified revisions.
• Specified revisions could range from typographical errors or changes of a minor editorial nature, to specified insertions or deletions which do not radically modify the development/argument of the dissertation. The committee must specify such changes with precision. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to ensure that all such changes are made, and the Dean’s representative will confirm that this is the case. Specified revisions must be completed within six months of the date of the oral examination.
• In cases where there are no more than two votes for major revision or one vote for failure, then specified revisions are expected.
• A dissertation is referred for major revision if any of the following conditions exist:
• there are two votes for failure; or,
• there is one vote for failure plus a minimum of one vote for major revision; or,
• there are at least three votes for major revision.
• the committee will reconvene within twelve months to continue the oral examination; or,
• the revised dissertation will be circulated within twelve months to all members, who will inform the Dean’s representative whether they feel the stipulated requirements have been met.
• Detailed reasons for referring pending major revisions must be supplied in writing by the Chair to the Dean, the program director and the student concerned within 10 business days.
• After an adjournment and when the major revisions have been completed, the dissertation is failed if there are two or more votes for failure. A dissertation cannot be referred for major revisions more than once and no further adjournment is permitted. In the event of failure, detailed reasons must be supplied in writing by the Chair to the Dean, program director and student within 10 business days.
• A dissertation is failed if there are a minimum of three votes for failure. In the event of failure, detailed reasons must be supplied in writing by the Chair to the Dean, program director and student within 10 business days.

The results of the oral exam, as determined by the exam committee in accordance with the evaluation guidelines described above, are reported to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, via the  Oral Examination Report Form . The form should be signed by the Chair of the exam committee and should include, where appropriate, details regarding any required revisions under “comments”.

In accordance with the evaluation guidelines described above, the Oral Examination Report Form requires that the committee reach one of the following four decisions: 1. Accepted with No Revision

2. Accepted Pending Specified Revisions The nature of the revisions should be agreed to by the exam committee and reported in detail on Oral Examination Report Form under “comments”. Specified revisions must be completed within six months of the date of the oral exam. Specified revisions must be completed within six months of the date of the oral exam. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to ensure that all of the specified revisions are made and the Chair will confirm that this is the case. Approval of specified revisions should be reported to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, via the  Revisions Approved Memorandum  or via email to the appropriate Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator .

3. Referred Pending Major Revisions In cases involving a referred pending major revisions decisions, one of the following procedures, agreed upon by the committee before the examination is adjourned, must be used to finalize the oral results: a) the committee will reconvene within twelve months to continue the oral examination, or b) the revised dissertation will be circulated within twelve months to all members, who will inform the Chair whether they feel the stipulated requirements have been met.

Please note that a clear consensus must be reached by the committee as to the extent and nature of the revisions required. Detailed reasons for referring pending major revision must be supplied in writing by the Chair of the exam committee to the Dean, the program director and the candidate concerned within 10 business days.

Approval of major revisions should be reported to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, via the  Revisions Approved Memorandum  or via email to the appropriate Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator .

4. Failed In the event of failure, detailed reasons must be supplied in writing by the Chair of the exam committee to the Dean, program director and candidate within 10 business days.

Exam Committee Roles and Responsibilities

Before an oral examination can be convened, a majority of the exam committee members must agree that the dissertation is examinable. The graduate program director shall poll the members of the exam committee five business days before the scheduled date for the oral. If the student does not receive a majority vote, the members of the examining committee who do not agree that the thesis is examinable are required to give their reasons in writing to the student, the supervisor, and the Dean within five business days after the poll. In such cases, the oral shall be postponed for a period not to exceed 12 months. However, the student has the right to insist that the oral proceed as planned.

For doctoral dissertations, the Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies or her/his representative, who will be at arm’s length from the supervision of the dissertation, will serve as Chair of the exam committee.

The Chair of the exam committee normally participates fully in the questioning of the candidate, the discussion and the vote.

In general, the role of the Chair of the exam committee is to ensure:

• that the process of oral exam is fair and orderly,
• that the student is truly being examined and challenged, and
• that high standards of scholarship are met.

Prior to the formal start of the oral exam, the Chair should:

• verify that all members of the exam committee are present. (If any member is not in attendance, the examination shall be postponed. Only under rare, exceptional and compelling circumstances can an oral examination proceed in the absence of the external examiner. Please see  Role of the External Examiner  below for more details.)
• verify that the members of the exam committee are agreed that the thesis/dissertation is “examinable”. (If the thesis/dissertation is found to be unexaminable at this time, the oral exam may be postponed for a period not to exceed 12 months. However, the student has the right to insist that the oral proceed as planned.)
• discuss with the members of the Committee the expected length of the examination, and the order in which the exam committee will question the student.

At the outset of and during the oral exam, the Chair should:

• clarify to both the exam committee and the student the procedures to be followed,
• determine the point at which further questioning will not produce additional useful information for the consideration of the exam committee, and
• monitor the procedures throughout the oral exam.

After the candidate and any observers have left the room, the Chair should:

• assess the committee’s opinion from the discussion, including whether the exam committee considers the work sufficiently outstanding to merit nomination for the Faculty of Graduate Studies Thesis/Dissertation Prize.
• If there is no consensus, the Chair should call for a vote to determine the outcome of the oral exam. The outcome of the vote shall be governed by the master’s thesis oral exam evaluation guidelines or doctoral dissertation oral exam evaluation guidelines, as appropriate.
• In cases of accepted pending specified revisions, the Chair should ensure the nature of the on the Oral Examination Report Form under “comments”. A clear consensus must be reached by the committee as to the extent of the revisions required.
• the revised dissertation will be circulated within twelve months to all members, who will inform the Chair whether they feel the stipulated requirements have been met.

After the exam committee has reached a decision, the Chair should:

• recall the candidate to convey the decision, including a description of any required revisions, as appropriate, and
• inform the program director if the thesis/dissertation has been nominated for the Faculty of Graduate Studies Dissertation Prize, where applicable.

If the thesis/dissertation was  accepted with no revisions , the Chair should:

• ensure that a properly completed and signed Oral Examination Report Form, is returned to the thesis coordinator in the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies.

If the dissertation was  accepted pending specified revisions , the Chair should:

• ensure that a properly completed (including a clear description of the required revisions) and signed Oral Examination Report Form is returned to the thesis coordinator in the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to ensure that all of the specified revisions are made and the Chair will confirm that this is the case. Specified revisions must be completed within six months of the date of the oral exam.
• Approval of specified revisions should be reported to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, via the  Revisions Approved Memorandum  or via email to the appropriate Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator .

In cases of  referred pending major revisions , the Chair should:

• ensure that a properly completed (including a clear description of the required revisions) is returned to the thesis coordinator in the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, and
• provide detailed reasons for the exam committee’s decision in writing to the Dean, program director and student within 10 business days of the oral exam.

When major revisions have been completed satisfactorily as decided by the exam committee, the Chair should:

• Report approval of the major revisions to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, via the  Revisions Approved Memorandum  or via email to the appropriate Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator.

In cases of  failure , the Chair should:

• ensure that a properly completed and signed Oral Examination Report Form is returned to the thesis coordinator in the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, and

The exam committee members have the responsibility of ensuring that high standards of scholarship are met.

The “at arm’s length from the thesis/dissertation” committee member has a particular responsibility of ensuring that these high standards of scholarship are met from a perspective broader than that of the student’s own program. Such exam committee members who are appointed to the student’s program should be especially mindful of this responsibility.

Note:  All doctoral dissertation exam committee must include an external examiner. The following description of external examiner roles and responsibilities also applies to those master’s programs that require an external or outside examiner on their exam committee.

External examiners are expected to be established academics, normally members of a graduate Faculty at another university. The assessment of the dissertation provided by the external examiner should be treated as the yardstick by which to measure the quality of the candidate’s work relative to standards at other universities. The external examiner is a voting member of the Committee and must have been at arm’s length from the dissertation. The external examiner does not have a formal power of veto, but the exam committee must have substantial reasons for not accepting an external examiner’s recommendation, especially if the recommendation is negative. The external examiner’s written comments will be provided to the other members of the exam committee prior to the oral exam and, where the exam committee deems advisable and the external examiner agrees, may be made available to the student at the end of the oral exam.

In addition to the voting members, the Vice-President Academic & Provost and Graduate Program Director may participate as ex-officio members (non-voting, unless present as one of the voting members) on doctoral dissertation exam committees.

As the oral examination is the culmination of a graduate student’s study and advances the mission of York University as a whole, the inclusion of these positions as ex-officio members of the dissertation exam committees recognizes and emphasizes the importance of the oral exam. Due to the nature of the workload of the incumbents in these positions, they are not expected to attend every oral exam. When they do attend in their capacity as ex-officio members, they are encouraged to be active participants, but they do not vote.

• For all doctoral dissertation oral exams and for those master’s programs that require an external or outside examiner, the written comments provided by the external examiner will be made available to the committee prior to the oral exam.
• At the oral exam, the student may be given the opportunity to present an oral summary of his or her work. If this procedure is followed, the Chair of the exam committee will inform the student and indicate the time available.
• Normally, the first round of questions will refer to general aspects of the work. Subsequent questions will deal with more detailed matters. For all doctoral dissertation oral exams and for those master’s programs that require an external or outside examiner, the external examiner will normally begin each round of questioning and will be followed by the other members of the committee in an order agreed upon before the exam.
• The Chair of the exam committee will ensure that each member of the exam committee has an equal opportunity to pose questions. After the formal rounds of questioning, general discussion and order of further questioning will be at the Chair’s discretion.
• The question period should normally run its natural course, with members of the exam committee indicating when they are satisfied. The Chair of the exam committee will, however use his/her discretion as to the appropriate closing point. For a master’s thesis, a general guideline for the length of the oral exam is approximately 10 to 20 minutes for presentation (if applicable) and 1.5 hours for questioning. For a doctoral dissertation, a general guideline for the length of the oral exam is 20 to 40 minutes for presentation (if applicable) and 2 hours for questioning.
• After the candidate and any observers have left the room, the exam committee will discuss the work and the oral defense of that work, the discussion beginning with the external examiner’s remarks.
• The Chair of the exam committee will then assess the committee’s opinion from the discussion.
• If there is no consensus, the Chair of the exam committee will call for a vote to determine the outcome of the oral exam. The outcome of the vote shall be governed by the master’s thesis oral exam evaluation guidelines and doctoral dissertation oral exam evaluation guidelines.
• In cases of  accepted pending specified revisions , the nature of the revisions will be agreed to by the exam committee and reported in detail by the Chair in the “comments” section of the Oral Examination Report Form.
• In cases of  major revision , the Chair of the exam committee will confirm which of the following two procedures, agreed upon by the committee before the exam is adjourned, will be used to finalize the oral results: a) the committee will reconvene within twelve months to continue the oral examination; or, b) the revised dissertation will be circulated within twelve months to all members, who will inform the Chair whether they feel the stipulated requirements have been met.
• After the exam committee has reached a decision, the candidate will be recalled and informed by the Chair of the outcome of the examination. Should revisions be required, their exact nature will be transmitted to the student by the Chair.
• The written comments of the external examiner will, with his or her permission, be provided to the student and program director.
• In cases of  accepted pending specified revisions , it is the responsibility of the supervisor to ensure that all of the specified revisions are made and the Chair will confirm that this is the case. Specified revisions must be completed within six months of the date of the oral examination. Approval of specified revisions should be reported to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, via the  Revisions Approved Memorandum  or via email to the appropriate Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator .
• In cases of  referred pending major revisions  or  failure , the Chair will provide detailed reasons for the exam committee’s decision in writing to the Dean, program director and student within 10 business days of the oral exam. When major revisions have been completed satisfactorily as decided by the exam committee, the Chair should report approval of the major revisions to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, via the  Revisions Approved Memorandum  or via email to the appropriate Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator .

Final Submission

Following a successful oral exam (including confirmed approval of any specified revisions or major revisions), submission by the student of the final approved thesis/dissertation is a requirement for graduation and convocation.

The thesis or dissertation is submitted electronically using York University’s Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) platform. The thesis coordinator in the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, will check that the thesis/dissertation meets the Faculty’s organizational and technical requirements, and has the right to refuse any unacceptable document until it is submitted in acceptable form.

Once the submission is approved and all requirements for graduation are met, the thesis/ dissertation will be transferred to YorkSpace, York University's institutional repository of research outputs, where it will be accessible to Library and Archives Canada as well as major search engines and other repositories.

The degree completion date is NOT based on the date of the oral examination; it is based on the date of submission to the Office of the Electronic Thesis & Dissertation Tool (ETD) and the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies, of the acceptable final approved copy. Students are responsible for active registration and all tuition fees until the final copy is submitted to and approved by the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies.

Submission deadlines with respect to convocation can be found under  Important Dates .

An ETD record will be created for each student by the thesis coordinator in the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies once all of the following have been received:

• Oral Examination Report (passed)
• Revisions Approved Memorandum, if applicable
• Library and Archives Canada Theses Non-Exclusive License form, signed and dated
• Copies of copyright permissions (if applicable)

Once an ETD record is opened, the student will receive an email with instructions on how to log in and complete their submission. Students should ensure that they have followed the organization and technical requirements for theses/dissertations prior to making a submission to the Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies through the ETD platform. If, after reading the Organization & Technical Requirements section of this handbook, students have any questions concerning formatting and preparation, they should direct these questions to the thesis coordinator. Instructions for the use of the ETD platform are available at  Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) .

By signing the Library and Archives Canada (LAC) Theses Non-Exclusive License form, the student authorizes LAC to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, communicate to the public, loan, distribute and sell the thesis/dissertation for commercial or non-commercial purposes. Further information about the Non-Exclusive License and the Library & Archives Canada thesis program is available on the  Library and Archives Canada  website.

The student must also accept the terms of the York University Copyright License as part of the electronic submission of their thesis/dissertation using the Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) application.

If required, students should provide copies of any needed copyright permissions prior to the final thesis/dissertation submission. Students should also retain copies of all copyright permission requests and approvals.

As a publicly funded institution, York University has an obligation to ensure that research produced by its graduate students is available for the benefit of the public, particularly by making successfully defended theses and dissertations available through York University Libraries and Library and Archives Canada. With that in mind, there is normally no restriction on the publication of and access to successfully defended theses and dissertations. However, in some exceptional instances it may be detrimental to the author or sponsor of the thesis/dissertation research to have the thesis/dissertation publicly available immediately following a successful defence. Valid reasons to delay publication/restrict access to a successfully defended thesis/dissertation may include:

• approved intellectual property contract between a research sponsor and the University that specifies a period of confidentiality;
• that public distribution of the thesis/dissertation would invalidate a patent application;
• that public distribution of the thesis/dissertation would invalidate a publication contract; and,
• that public distribution of the thesis/dissertation would pose a risk to the personal safety of the author.

Prior to submission of the final version of their thesis being accepted on the Electronic Thesis & Dissertation Tool (ETD), students may request to delay (or to extend a previously approved delay) publication of/restrict access to their thesis/dissertation for a maximum of three years. Requests for embargo must be made to the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies, through the  Request for a Delay of Publication (Embargo) on a Thesis or Dissertation form , prior to the submission of the final version of the thesis/dissertation. Requests will only be considered with the recommendation of the student’s supervisor and graduate program director. If approved, the body of the thesis/dissertation will be withheld from York University Libraries and Library and Archives Canada for the approved period. At the end of the approved period, the body of the thesis/dissertation will be released to York University Libraries and Library and Archives Canada via YorkSpace. To submit a request for an embargo/delay of publication, including extension requests, please do so using the  Request for a Delay of Publication (Embargo) on a Thesis or Dissertation Form . Your request will be reviewed by the Faculty of Graduate Studies and a decision will be communicated to you by email. For more information on the Delay of Publication/Embargo Processes, please contact the  Graduate Record & Enrolment Coordinator  for your Faculty.

Students who wish to have personal copies of the thesis/dissertation bound must make their own arrangements.

How to Submit

Submitting your thesis/dissertation using York University's Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) application is a quick and easy process.

The instructions below outline the step by step process of using the application. Please refer to the Thesis, Dissertation and Submission Guidelines below for details on the policies and process leading up to the point of final submission, including formatting and other requirements. To view the York University ETD collection, visit the  Faculty of Graduate Studies section on YorkSpace .

You can access the ETD application from any computer with an internet connection. Recommended browsers include Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari or Opera.

Instructions for converting your thesis to a PDF file are available on the  YorkSpace Resources Site .

An ETD record will be set up for you by a staff member in the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies (FGS). FGS will need to receive the following before you will be able to access your record:

• Oral Examination Report (normally provided by the Dean’s representative on your Examining Committee as soon as possible following your defense);
• Revisions Approved Memorandum, if applicable (if your thesis/dissertation was approved with specified revisions). A blank form is usually provided to you by FGS prior to your defense. You will need to ensure it is completed and returned to FGS;
• Library and Archives Canada Theses Non–Exclusive License Form , signed and dated;
• Copies of copyright permissions, if applicable.

Once all of the above items have been received, you will receive an email from a  Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator  letting you know that your ETD record has been created and inviting you to log in using your  Passport York ID . Click on the link provided in the email to take you to  etd.library.yorku.ca .

You’ll notice that there is a navigation bar across the top of the screen. You can click on any of the “tabs” to move back and forth through the process.

At the bottom right of each screen there are also arrows you can click on to move on to the next step (or move back).

You will not lose data by moving back and forth.

You can stop and save your work at any point in the process, and resume your submission simply by logging back in. To save your work, click on the navigation arrow at the bottom right of your screen. The information you have entered will be stored until you log back in.

As long as the status of your ETD record is “Open”, you can continue to make edits, updates and changes. Only once you have clicked on “I accept and send for review” on the “Submit for Review” tab will your record be closed.

If for some reason you need to request that your submission be re-opened (for example if you notice a mistake or forgot to add something), please email a  Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator .

If you’d like more information or instructions for any of the fields you are being asked to fill out, just click on the question mark icon next to the field.

If you still have questions, you may wish to contact:

• A  Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator  in the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies;
• Your Graduate Program Assistant.

Step by Step Instructions

On the first screen you will find welcome text, along with the title of your thesis/dissertation and some other information from your student record (such as your degree name and program).

To begin entering your details, click on the title of your thesis/dissertation. Alternatively, you can click on the “Update Details” button on the bottom right, or on the “Update Details” tab in the navigation bar.

On the second screen, “Update Details”, you’ll notice that there are some fields already filled in, and others that you will need to complete.

The fields that are already filled in are automatically pulled from your Student Information System (SIS) and Graduate Event Module (GEM) records. You cannot edit these fields yourself, so if you notice an error, please contact a Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator in the Faculty of Graduate Studies.

In the second section, you’ll find the following fields for you to complete:

Language Click on the arrow to see the drop-down menu. You will be able to select English, French, or Other (a thesis or dissertation normally should be written in English, but approval may be given to write in French or the language of any Aboriginal/First Nations people in North America).

Abstract Copy and paste your abstract into this field (the abstract must be provided in English regardless of the language of your thesis or dissertation). Please note the maximum number of words allowed (Master’s thesis 150 words; doctoral dissertation 350 words).

S ubjects Click on the arrow to see the drop-down menu. You must select at least one subject that best describes the overall subject of your thesis or dissertation. You have the option of selecting up to two additional secondary subjects from the other drop-down menu boxes.

Keywords Enter as many terms or search phrases as you like. Please use a comma to separate each keyword or string of keywords. Tip: the more terms you provide, the more likely it is that users will find your work in their searches.

When you are finished updating your details, click “Save Details” on the bottom right to move to the next screen, or to save and return later to make further updates.

Uploading Files

Before uploading your files, you will need to save your thesis or dissertation as a PDF file (.pdf), which must be compatible with Adobe Acrobat version 5.0 or higher

This PDF document should contain the full body of your thesis/dissertation, including:

• title page;
• dedication (optional);
• acknowledgements (optional);
• table of contents;
• list of tables, figures and illustrations (if applicable);
• all chapters and written body of the thesis/dissertation;
• references or bibliography;
• all appendices.

You may upload only  ONE  PDF file.

Your document must be saved using the following naming convention:

Lastname_Firstname_MiddleInitial_yearofcopyright_PhDORMasters

Replace “Lastname” with your last name and “Firstname” with your first name. So, for example, if Jane Smith completed her PhD in 2014, she would save her documents as

Smith_Jane_E_2014_PhD.pdf

The “year of copyright” refers to the date that appears on the title page of your thesis/dissertation (this is the year you successfully defended).

To upload your file, simply click on the “upload primary file” button.

A box will open giving you the option to choose a file from your computer or a disk, USB key or other source.

Once you have chosen the file, click on “upload.”

In addition to the PDF of your thesis or dissertation, you may have supplementary files to add. Supplementary files refer to items that are part of the  approved, examined  thesis/dissertation that cannot be included in the PDF, such as multi–media, sound, video or hypertext

A list of acceptable file formats includes:

• Documents:  Portable Document Format (.pdf), Text (.txt), Hypertext Markup Language (.html, .htm), Open Document Format (.odt, .odp, .ods);
• Images:  Portable Network Graphics format (.png), Tagged Image File format (.tif), JPEG (.jpg);
• Data:  Comma–separated values (.csv) or other delimited text, Extensible Markup Language (.xml);
• Video:  8–10 bit uncompressed AVI (.avi);
• Audio:  Free Lossless Audio Codec or WAVE (.flac or .wav).

If you wish to upload a type of file that you do not see on this list, please email  Digital Initiatives @ York  .

Keep in mind that a supplementary file is NOT an appendix. Regular appendices can be included in the PDF document of your thesis/dissertation.

To upload your file, simply click on the "upload supplementary files“ button.

A box will open giving you the option to choose a file from your computer or a disk, USB key or another source. You may upload as many files as necessary, but no single file can exceed 500 MB. If you have a file that exceeds this size, please contact a  Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator in the Faculty of Graduate Studies .

Once you have chosen the file, click on “upload.” To upload more than one file, simply click on the “upload supplementary files” button as many times as necessary.

When you have finished uploading all files, click “Review Details” on the bottom right to move to the next screen, or to save and return later to make further updates.

This is an opportunity for you to do a final confirmation that all of the details are accurate and your record is complete. Please make sure that all uploaded files are attached (they will be listed at the bottom of this screen).

As always, you can use the navigation bar at the top or arrows in the bottom right corner to go back and update any information.

When you are certain that all the information is correct and complete, click on “Submit for Review” at bottom right.

The final step in submitting your thesis or dissertation is agreeing to the York University Copyright License.

By clicking on “I Accept and Send for Review,” you are confirming that your thesis/dissertation is your original work, that your thesis/dissertation does not infringe on any rights of others and that you have the right to make the grant conferred by this copyright license. In addition, you are granting a license to York University to make copies, including electronically formatted copies, and/or distribute worldwide all or part of your thesis or dissertation, subject to the conditions outlined.

You retain copyright to your thesis/dissertation and may make it available on a personal website and pursue other sources of publication as well.

If you have questions or concerns about this license, please contact your supervisor or a Thesis Coordinator in the Faculty of Graduate Studies. You can then log back in to agree to the terms and make your submission once any queries you have are resolved.

Please carefully read this information and click on “I Accept and Send for Review” to send your thesis/dissertation to the Faculty of Graduate Studies.

Congratulations! You have completed your submission.

What Happens Next?

Once you send your thesis/dissertation for review, the status of your ETD record will change from “Open” to “Under Review” and you will not be able to make further changes. You will receive a confirmation email letting you know it is being reviewed.

If for some reason you realize you have made an error or forgotten to add something, you can email a  Graduate Milestones and Progression Coordinator  to request that your record be re–opened. Please remember to include your student ID number in all correspondence

After your submission has been reviewed by a Thesis Coordinator in FGS, you will receive an email notifying you of one of two outcomes:

• Your submission has been approved and will be deposited in YorkSpace upon conferral of your degree; or,
• Your submission has formatting or other errors and has been returned to you for modification.

If your submission is returned to you for modification, your ETD record will be reopened to enable you to make the required changes and resubmit. The required changes will be outlined in the email you receive from the Thesis Coordinator. If you are asked to make changes to your PDF thesis/dissertation document, simply replace the previously uploaded file with the updated one. Make sure you click on “I Accept and Send for Review” on the “Submit for Review” tab to resubmit your thesis/dissertation to FGS.

At any time you can log in to your  ETD record  to check on the status of your submission. Simply click on the “Check Status” tab in the navigation bar.

YorkSpace  is York University’s Open Access Institutional Repository (IR). It is a platform that enables York community members to post, organize and preserve their research online in an institutional context. It showcases the scholarship of the York University community through the use of a special standards-based software platform that collects usage statistics and promotes visibility on the web.

Once your submission is approved by the Thesis Coordinator and all required forms received and fees paid, your thesis/dissertation will be deposited in YorkSpace at the time of conferral of your degree, according to the publication date listed on your ETD record (normally November 1, July 1 or March 1).

Once the thesis/dissertation is deposited in YorkSpace, it will be available for harvesting by Library and  Archives Canada (LAC) Theses Portal , other  Open Archives Initiative  (OAI) metadata harvesters, and major search engines such as  Google Scholar . You retain copyright to your thesis/dissertation and may make it available on a personal website and pursue other sources of publication as well.

Students who wish to have personal copies of their thesis/dissertation bound must make their own arrangements. Some options include:

• Wallaceburg Bookbinding
• Campus Photo and Printing, York Lanes

Please note that you may be required to make minor formatting adjustments to your document to prepare it for binding. For example, many binders will require that the top and left margins are at least 1.5 inches.

Graduate students who are members of CUPE 3903 (Unit 1) may submit reimbursement requests for thesis, dissertation or MRP production costs to the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies, using the  Reimbursement of Thesis/Dissertation Production Costs Form .

• Theses Canada
• Theses and Dissertations in YorkSpace

Connect with FGS

Computer Science

Online Theses and Reports Library

Professor Nick Pears

Deputy Head of Department (Research)

[email protected]

White Rose eTheses Online Repository

http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/

White Rose Etheses Online repository holds electronic doctoral level theses from the Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York. York research students registered for their degree in or after October 2009 are required to upload their thesis onto this repository. All CS research students are encouraged to upload their final thesis onto this new repository. Either the departments on-line theses and reports library OR the White Rose eTheses online repository will hold final versions of submitted PhD theses.

Welcome to White Rose eTheses Online

White rose etheses online.

Welcome to White Rose eTheses Online, a shared repository of electronic theses from the University of Leeds, the University of Sheffield and the University of York.

Student from the University of Leeds, Sheffield or York? Need to upload your thesis? Start by creating an account , or login to your account

If you are unsure if this is the right place for you, check the FAQs .

Recent additions for Leeds , Sheffield , York or all recent additions .

What is White Rose eTheses Online?

This repository gives access to theses awarded by the Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York. The available repository content can be accessed for free, without the need to log on or create an account, as per the instructions of the depositing author. We also make the content available through aggregator sites via harvesting mechanisms.

• Research Guides
• CUNY Graduate Center's Mina Rees Library

Dissertations and Theses

• Find Dissertations
• About the Dissertation Office
• Graduation Dates
• Deposit Procedure
• Format Requirements
• Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)
• Master's Exit Survey
• Citation Styles
• Digital Dissertations
• Find CUNY Dissertations

Finding Dissertations

There is no single source for a comprehensive dissertation search. WorldCat  and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global include most American dissertations. Dissertations @ The Center for Research Libraries lends non-American dissertations to member borrowers. Library catalogs and specialized repositories contain other titles. Request any dissertation through Interlibrary Loan . Though not every title is available through ILL, it is worth a try.

Dissertation Databases & Repositories

• Graduate Center Dissertations in Academic Works, 2014-present As of 2014, all Graduate Center dissertations, theses, and capstone projects are posted to CUNY Academic Works. Some are immediately available to read and download, and some become available after an embargo period set by the author.

• U.S. and international legal and government resources
• ADT Australian Digital Theses Program
• Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of the University of São Paulo
• Colección de Tesis Digitales Universidad de las Américas Puebla Tesis digitales Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, México
• Danish Royal Library
• DART Europe E-theses Europe except France
• Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Hochschulschriften in the German National Library
• Dissonline.de Full-text dissertations from the German and Swiss National Libraries
• E-theses University of Helsinki, Finland dissertations; all free full-text
• EThOS British Library Electronic Theses Online Searches 250,000+ theses, many available in full text with a free online account. Theses not available for immediate download take 30 days to digitize. Order via CUNY Graduate Center interlibrary loan to cover any digitization fees. Most UK universities participate except Oxford, Cambridge, and Univ of Southampton.
• JAIRO: Japanese Institutional Respositories Online Open access; full-text
• NARCIS Dissertations from all Dutch Universities
• National Library of Norway
• Nauka Polska Poland's dissertation repository
• Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Global ETD Search NDLTD's Global ETD Search is a free service that allows researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations based on keyword, date, institution, language and subject.
• OAIster from open access digital archive world-wide
• Open Access Theses and Dissertations Metadata from over 1100 institutions, indexes over 2.5 million theses and dissertations.
• Osterreichischen Bibliothekenverbundes Austrian Hochschulschriften
• Russian State Library Digital Library Dissertations Over 650,000 free, full-text of dissertations from 1998
• Systeme Universitaire de Documentation French science theses from 1972; humanities, social sciences, law and health from 1983
• Tesi-online Italian university PhD theses; free full-text
• Theses.fr expanding index of French theses
• Theses Canada Canadian universities voluntarily submit approved theses and dissertation to Theses Canada
• Trove Australian university digital and print theses

Dissertation Indexes (Print & Microformat)

Use these to supplement searches in online databases. Historical information in print indexes is sometimes more complete (i.e. abstracts appear in print before 1980 in Dissertation Abstracts International, but are not currently online). Print indexes may contain earlier works not included in online databases.

• American Doctoral Dissertations 1933-1955 Digitized version of the print index, "Doctoral Dissertations Accepted by American Universities." Includes nearly 100,000 citations.
• Comprehensive Dissertation Index 1861 - 1972 37 volumes divided by subject with author index. Each subject has keyword index. Bibliographic citations include title, author, degree, year, institution. No abstracts. JFF 98-1512 in the NYPL Schwarzman Main Reading Room
• Deutsche Bibliographie: Hochschulschriften-Verzeichnis 1972 - 1990 German dissertations NYPL OFFSITE JFM 93-99
• Dissertation Abstracts 1938-1966 Index with abstracts to American doctoral dissertations. NYPL JFM 74-61 OFFSITE
• Dissertation Abstracts International, 1969 - These volumes succeed Dissertation Abstracts. Includes title, author, degree, institution, year, pages, and an abstract. Author and keyword indexes. Includes abstracts for pre-1980 works not abstracted in online version. Graduate Center 1970-1984 MIC-Per 164 NYPL Schwarzman Main Reading Room A: Humanities and Social Sciences JFM 74 - 62 B: Sciences and Engineering JFM 74 - 34 C: International/European 1977 - 2003 OFFSITE
• Dissertation Abstracts International 1966 - 1969 Ser A: Humanities and Social Sciences JFM 74 - 63 OFFSITE Ser B: Sciences and Engineering JFM 74 - 60 OFFSITE
• Dissertation Abstracts International Retrospective Index 1938 - 1969 Indexes Dissertation abstracts (v.1-26) and Dissertation Abstracts International (v.27-29); 1933 - 1969. NYPL: Offsite; request in avance.
• Dissertation Abstracts [Microfilm] 1952-1964 MIC-Per 164 at the Graduate Center Library
• Index to theses accepted for higher degrees by the universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards 1950 - 1985 NYPL OFFSITE JFM 88-379
• Jahresverzeichnis der Deutschen Hochschulschriften, 1936 - 1964 German dissertations NYPL OFFSITE L-10 9257
• Microfilm Abstracts 1938-1951 Graduate Center MIC-Per 164

CRL Dissertations

Based in Chicago, the Center for Research Libraries was founded in 1948 by a consortium of Midwestern universities seeking to pool lesser-used resources. The collection holds over 800,000 dissertations from 90+ universities in Germany (66%), Netherlands (2%), France (16%), Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK; also from Latin America, South America, and Africa. What CRL does not own, it will acquire for interlibrary loan to Graduate Center affiliates.

British Dissertations

The Center for Research Libraries reviews all Grad Center ILL requests for loan or demand purchase of UK dissertations. If CRL finds the title accessible through EThOS or that it can be digitized free of charge (in approx 30 days), CRL will notify the requesting institution of its availability via the EThOS online venue. CRL will also place orders via EThOS and alert requestors when a dissertation is available for download. If EThOS requires a fee for digitization, CRL will place the order on behalf of the requesting institution and pay for digitization.

• << Previous: Digital Dissertations
• Next: Find CUNY Dissertations >>
• Last Updated: Apr 10, 2024 12:38 PM
• URL: https://libguides.gc.cuny.edu/dissertations

eResources Guide

Finding Dissertations

• Finding NYU Dissertations
• Finding Dissertations from Other Institutions
• International Resources
• Library Hours & Locations
• Library Tutorials &  Classes
• Comments / Suggestions

Introduction

Nyu dissertations.

The Division of Libraries maintains a non-comprehensive collection of doctoral dissertations completed at New York University. Many of the dissertations available in our collection are cataloged in the Library Catalog .  Recent dissertations completed at NYU can be found in the database  Dissertations and Theses Global .   Guidance on the use of both resources is included in this guide.

Non-NYU Institutions' Dissertations

NYU holds very few dissertations completed at other institutions. For those dissertations which are not in our collection this guide also provides guidance on how to acquire or borrow copies.

Information for Dissertation Authors

• Dissertation Authors Research Guide
• NYU Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Doctoral Dissertation Submission Guide
• Steinhardt Doctoral Dissertations Formatting Guidelines
• NYU Wagner Doctoral Dissertation Guidelines
• Information for Silver School of Social Work Ph.D candidates Doctoral dissertation formatting and submission guidelines available in the Ph.D student manual.

Search the NYU Libraries Catalog

Search for books, journals, videos, etc. in our local libraries and special collections.

• Next: Finding NYU Dissertations >>
• Last Updated: Mar 29, 2024 1:48 PM
• URL: https://guides.nyu.edu/dissertations

• Help & FAQ

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York Graduate Research School

Submit your thesis

Guidance on the submission and deposit of theses for research degree programmes

Late submission - or failure to deposit your thesis - constitutes failure of your degree. In cases where exceptional circumstances exist, you may apply for an extension to your submission deadline   in advance  of your deadline; a pending extension request is not sufficient.

The submission and deposit of theses is governed by Regulation 2.7 and section 12 and section 13 of the Policy on Research Degrees.

Submission and deposit of your research thesis is a formal process, like sitting an examination, and because of this, it is very important that you read these guidelines carefully.

[email protected] +44 (0)1904 325962 Student Hub, Information Centre Basement, Market Square

The name of your school, department or centre must be used on the title page. The name must appear exactly as follows:

• Archaeology
• Arts and Creative Technologies
• Business and Society
• Computer Science
• Conservation Studies
• Economics and Related Studies
• English and Related Literature
• Environment and Geography
• Health Sciences
• History of Art
• Language and Linguistic Science
• Mathematics
• Medieval Studies
• Physics, Engineering and Technology
• Politics and International Relations
• Politics, Economics and Philosophy
• Post-War Recovery Studies
• Railway Studies
• Women's Studies

Submitting for examination

Intention to submit.

You must consult your supervisor before submitting a thesis for examination. You should complete the Notification of intention no less than two months before you plan to submit your thesis:

Intention to Submit form

It is crucial that you complete the form in good time before you expect to submit. You do not need to be over exact in calculating your submission date, provided that you adhere to your deadline for submission.

All PGRs who started on or before 31 March 2021 and will submit from 30 December 2020 onwards will have the option of submitting a short Covid impact statement to give contextual information about the effect of the Covid-19 restrictions on their research project/thesis. 

Students who are also members of staff

PGRs who are also members of staff employed at Grade 7 or above should be aware that they will have to pay a fee when they submit their thesis for examination. This is to cover the need to appoint two external examiners (see the  Policy on Research Degrees  for full details). This fee is payable through the  online store  and must be done so  prior to  submission.

Final checks

Before submitting your thesis you should check carefully that it is the version you wish to be examined, and that it contains no accidental errors or omissions. Please note that it is not normally possible to retrieve your thesis from PGR Administration once it has been submitted.

Your thesis should be presented in accordance with the University’s requirements, and may not be accepted for examination if it does not. Read how to format your thesis  carefully, and in good time before your submission.

You can see your submission deadline in your  e:Vision account. You must submit by midnight (UK time) on the day of your deadline (or the next working day, where relevant, see above).

Late submission will result in a fail

There is no flexibility with the deadline, and submissions received at any point after midnight (ie date-stamped the following day) will be counted as late and will normally result in an automatic fail.

Deadlines on non-working days

If your deadline falls on a non-working day (a weekend, English Bank Holiday, or University closure day), you may submit on the next working day.

It is your responsibility to ensure on-time submission of the correct documents

There is no administrative or technical support outside of normal working hours. Therefore, you are strongly  encouraged to submit before 5pm on the day of your deadline, and if you decide to submit after 5pm, you do so at your own risk .

Uploads of large files can take time and be problematic, so you must allow at least three hours for the upload process. Please note: the absolute deadline is midnight, and if the upload is started before midnight and completes after midnight, it will be counted as late.

Please note that the following will  not  be considered as acceptable grounds for a late submission:

a) you submit the wrong document (eg an incomplete and/or earlier draft of your thesis);

b) you submit the wrong file type or a corrupted file;

c) you did not allow sufficient time (at least three hours) for the upload process; 

c) you claim technical issues on behalf of the University without proof of an error message / system failure on the University network.

You need to submit your thesis to PGR Administration via the University's Deposit drop-off service.

HOW-TO: Electronically submitting your thesis

What happens once I have submitted my thesis for examination?

PGR Administration will forward your thesis to your examiners. If you are a PhD, MPhil or EngD student, your department will then contact you, if it has not already done so, to arrange the oral examination. An oral examination may also be required for MA or MSc (by Research) students; your department will be able to advise.

If you are resubmitting your thesis following a revise and resubmit outcome ('referral'), please see the relevant section below.

Submitting after corrections

If you receive a corrections outcome at examination, whether for the same or a lower award, you should follow these instructions. If you receive a revise and resubmit outcome (or 'referral') you should follow the instructions in the 'Submitting for re-examination' section below. 

You need to submit  three  documents: 

• A version of your thesis with tracked changes*; 
• A ‘clean’ version with all corrections accepted; 
• And a document summarising the corrections you’ve made. 

All three documents should be submitted as .pdf files and named using the following format: <Student Surname>_<Student Number>_<Description>.<File Extension>

File 1: Smith_123456789_CorrectedThesisTracked.pdf

File 2: Smith_123456789_CorrectedThesisClean.pdf

File 3: Smith_123456789_CorrectionsSummary.pdf

N.B. Where files need to be split across multiple drop offs due to size, use “_1”, “_2”, at the end of the file name to differentiate between files, eg Smith_123456789_CorrectedThesisTracked_1, Smith_123456789_CorrectedThesisTracked_2, etc. 

* When saving a tracked .doc(x) document to .pdf, ensure that 'Document showing markup' is selected under 'Options' - this should be the default setting. 

Before submitting your corrected thesis you should check carefully that it is the version you wish to be reviewed, and that it contains no accidental errors or omissions. Please note that it is not normally possible to retrieve your thesis from PGR Administration once it has been submitted.

Your thesis should be presented in accordance with the University’s requirements, and may not be accepted for examination if it does not. Read how to  carefully, and in good time before your submission.

Submission must take place within three months (for MPhil/PhD/EngD students) or within one month (for MA/MSc by Research students) of the date on which you were notified of your corrections by PGR Administration.

Late submission constitutes failure of your degree. In cases where exceptional circumstances exist, you may apply for an  extension to your submission deadline   in advance  of your deadline; a pending extension request is not sufficient.

If your deadline falls on a non-working day (that is: a weekend, English Bank Holiday, or University closure day), you may submit on the next working day.

Time of deadline

You must submit  by midnight (UK time)  on the day of your deadline (or the next working day, where relevant - see above). 

However, please note that there will be no administrative or technical support outside of normal working hours. Therefore, you are  strongly  encouraged to submit before 5pm on the day of your deadline, and if you decide to submit after 5pm, you do so at your own risk.

Since uploads of large files can take time, we also recommend that you allow at least 30 minutes for the upload process.  Please note: the absolute deadline is midnight, and if the upload is started before midnight and completes after midnight, it will be counted as late.

a) you submit the wrong file type or a corrupted file;

b) you did not allow sufficient time (at least 30 minutes) for the upload process; or

There is no flexibility with the deadline, and submissions received at any point after midnight (i.e. date-stamped the following day) will be counted as late and will normally result in an  automatic fail .

You need to submit your corrected thesis to PGR Administration via the University's Deposit drop-off service. Full instructions can be found in the following guide (although note the file naming requirements are for submitting your thesis for examination - see the 'What do I need to submit?' section above for the naming conventions required for submission of corrected theses ).

What happens once I have submitted my thesis for review?

PGR Administration will forward your corrected thesis to the examinar responsible for reviewing your corrections (normally the internal examiner). Your examiner will check that you have completed your corrections to their satisfaction and then notify PGR Administration. On receiving confirmation of satisfactory completion of corrections, PGR Administration will invite you to formally deposit your thesis with the University. The instructions about depositing your thesis can be found in the section below, but please do not follow them until you have been formally invited to deposit. 

Submitting for re-examination

If you receive a revise and resubmit outcome (or 'referral') at your examination, whether for the same or a lower award, you should follow these instructions.

A re-submission fee is payable through the online store in advance of submission. Your thesis will not be accepted for re-examination until this fee has been paid.

In addition to your revised thesis, you must submit a document which details how the revised thesis addresses the points raised by your examiners in the corrections/revisions form. 

The document should be sufficiently detailed (including examples where relevant) to show clearly where and how all the points in the corrections/revisions form have been addressed. The examiners may, in addition, require a ‘tracked changes’ version of your thesis.

You will normally need to submit three documents:

• A 'clean' version with all changes accepted.
• A document summarising the revisions you have made.
• A version of your thesis with tracked changes. When saving a tracked document to PDF, ensure that 'document showing markup' is selected under 'options' - this should be the default setting.

All three documents should be submitted as .pdf files and named using the following format:

<Student Surname>_<Student Number>_<Description>.<File Extension>

File 1: Smith_123456789_RevisedThesisClean.pdf

File 2: Smith_123456789_RevisionsDocument.pdf

File 3: Smith_123456789_RevisedThesisTracked.pdf

NB Where files need to be split across multiple drop offs due to size, use “_1”, “_2”, at the end of the file name to differentiate between files, eg Smith_123456789_RevisedThesisTracked_1, Smith_123456789_RevisedThesisTracked_2, etc. 

The month/year of submission remains the month/year in which the thesis was first submitted for examination.

Before re-submitting your thesis, you should check carefully that it is the version you wish to be reviewed, and that it contains no accidental errors or omissions. Please note that it is not normally possible to retrieve your thesis from PGR Administration once it has been re-submitted.

Your thesis should be presented in accordance with the University’s requirements, and may not be accepted for examination if it does not. Read how to carefully, and in good time, before your submission.

Submission must take place within twelve months (for MPhil/PhD/EngD students) or within three months (for MA/MSc by research students) of the date on which you were notified of your corrections by PGR Administration.

Late submission constitutes failure of your degree. In cases where exceptional circumstances exist, you may apply for an extension to your submission deadline in advance of your deadline; a pending extension request is not sufficient.

If your deadline falls on a non-working day (that is: a weekend, English Bank Holiday, or University closure day), you may submit your thesis (and additional documents) on the next working day.

You must submit by midnight (UK time) on the day of your deadline (or the next working day, where relevant - see above).

However, please note that there will be no administrative or technical support outside of normal working hours. Therefore, you are strongly encouraged to submit before 5pm on the day of your deadline, and if you decide to submit after 5pm, you do so at your own risk.

Since uploads of large files can take time, we also recommend that you allow at least 30 minutes for the upload process. Please note: the absolute deadline is midnight and if the upload is started before midnight and completes after midnight, it will be counted as late.

Please note that the following will not be considered as acceptable grounds for a late submission:

a) you submit the wrong file type or corrupted file

b) you did not allow sufficient time (at least 30 minutes) for the upload process

c) you claim technical issues on behalf of the University without proof of an error message/system failure on the University network.

There is no flexibility with the deadline, and submissions received at any point after midnight (ie date stamped the following day) will be counted as late and will normally result in an automatic fail .

You need to re-submit your thesis to PGR Administration via the University's Deposit drop-off service. Full instructions can be found in the following guide (although note the file naming requirements are for submitting your thesis for examination - see the 'What do I need to submit?' section above for the naming conventions required for re-submission of theses ).

What happens once I have submitted my thesis for re-examination?

PGR Administration will forward your thesis to your examiners. If you are a PhD, MPhil or EngD student, your department will then contact you to arrange the oral examination. An oral examination may also be required for MA or MSc (by research) students; your department will be able to advise.

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You and your supervisor(s) are jointly responsible for adhering to any embargo or redaction terms agreed with the funder at the outset and/or facilitating reasonable requests from the funder for embargo or redaction once the thesis is finalised. 

Please read the policy on embargo and redaction for full details.

Practical guidance on uploading and requesting an embargoed or redacted thesis can be found in the Depositing your thesis guidance document and how to redact your thesis .

For any queries regarding embargo or redaction, email [email protected] .

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Doctoral Theses

Academic Commons holds the full text of doctoral theses written since 2011 at Columbia and of theses written for a Doctorate of Education at Teachers College since mid 2018. A selection of dissertations from Union Theological Seminary, and from Columbia before 2011, are also available. You can start exploring theses by selecting one of the doctoral programs below.

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Explainer: Who are some of the people and groups involved in US college protests?

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Nemat minouche shafik, house committee on education and the workforce, asna tabassum.

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Israel will 'scale up' amount of aid going into Gaza, military says

The amount of humanitarian aid going into the Gaza Strip will be ramped up in the coming days, Israel's military said on Sunday.

Scenes of Protests Spread at College Campuses

The crackdown at Columbia last week led to more campus demonstrations and hundreds of arrests so far.

In Photos and Video

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators, including university students, rallied at an encampment in support of Gaza at Alumni Park on the University of Southern California’s campus on Wednesday. Credit... Mark Abramson for The New York Times

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By The New York Times

Text by Troy Closson

• Published April 22, 2024 Updated April 25, 2024

Protests and arrests spread across some of America’s most influential universities this week, as administrators struggled to defuse tensions on campuses over pro-Palestinian demonstrations.

In the week since Columbia University started cracking down on pro-Palestinian protesters occupying a lawn on its New York City campus, encampments and protests against the war in Gaza have sprung up at various other prominent universities, including Yale, M.I.T., the University of Southern California and Emory University. Police interventions on several campuses have led to more than 400 arrests so far.

The flurry of protests has presented a steep challenge for university leaders, as some Jewish students say they have faced harassment and antisemitic comments.

Here are scenes from the protests.

Thursday, April 25

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators rallied at a newly formed “solidarity” encampment at the University of California, Los Angeles, campus.

Students and community members prayed in front of a tent encampment on the campus of Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill.

A counterprotester in support of Israel spoke to the media about his thoughts outside the encampment at University of California, Los Angeles.

Officers at the City College of New York were pushed back by a crowd after trying to remove a person from the area during a protest.

Pro-Palestinian and anti-police graffiti was removed from where the encampment on Emerson College’s campus was before it was dismantled by the police in Boston.

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators linked arms as police officers surrounded an encampment at Northeastern University in Boston on Thursday.

Students continued their protest at Sproul Plaza on the University of California, Berkeley, campus.

Students at the University of Texas at Austin gathered on campus after a pro-Palestine demonstration. Dozens of students, faculty members and others were arrested on Wednesday after clashes with state law enforcement officials.

At Northwestern University, protesters formed a line to prevent law enforcement officials from entering their encampment on Deering Meadow.

Protesters at the City College of New York in New York City.

An encampment at George Washington University in Washington.

“Let them go!” “Let them go!” Crowd: “Let them go. Let them go. Let them go. Let them go. Let them go.”

Law enforcement officials detained several protesters at Emory University a few hours after an encampment was set up on the university grounds.

Wednesday, April 24

Protesters at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles surrounded a campus police car on Wednesday, demanding that a detained protester be released.

Campus police checked for student IDs at a pro-Palestinian encampment at Brown University in Providence, R.I.

University of California, Berkeley, students set up tents on the Savio steps at Sproul Plaza.

Protesters and police officers gathered during a pro-Palestinian protest at Alumni Park at the University of Southern California.

Tuesday, April 23

Officers from the New York Police Department monitoring a protest on Broadway outside Columbia University shortly after its president, Nemat Shafik, sent an email about negotiations between demonstrators and university officials.

Several tents were moved from the Gaza-solidarity encampment at Columbia late Tuesday evening.

Wooden boards were put up on the campus of New York University after arrests took place there Monday night.

Students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology sharing matzo during a Seder hosted by a campus group, MIT Jews for Ceasefire.

Protesters at Washington Square Park in New York City demanding a permanent cease-fire in Gaza.

Students set up tents at Sproul Plaza on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.

Students at an encampment at Emerson College in Boston protesting the war in Gaza.

Students and community members protested outside Coffman Memorial Union at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.

Monday, April 22

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators near the N.Y.U. campus after arrests by the police.

Police officers taking protesters into custody at N.Y.U.

People arrested at a pro-Palestinian demonstration at N.Y.U. on Monday were taken away on an N.Y.P.D. bus.

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators awaiting the arrival of the police on the N.Y.U. campus on Monday.

An encampment of demonstrators protesting the war in Gaza on Kresge Lawn at M.I.T. in Cambridge, Mass.

The M.I.T. protest encampment remained up on Monday night.

Students inside the Stern School of Business building at N.Y.U. watched the demonstrations from above.

Some pro-Palestinian demonstrators engaged in prayers at N.Y.U. as others looked on.

The tent encampment set up by pro-Palestinian demonstrators on the plaza outside the business school’s entrance.

Protesters marched outside University Center, one of the main buildings at the New School’s Greenwich Village campus.

A group of demonstrators gathered at a pro-Israel rally outside the main gates of Columbia.

The encampment at Columbia was put back up by protesters after being removed the previous week.

In a show of support for students who had been arrested and suspended, faculty members at Columbia took part in a walkout on Monday.

Hundreds of people stood to listen to faculty members speaking as part of the walkout.

Student demonstrators gathered at the Diag, a central location on the University of Michigan campus.

At the University of Michigan, a student protester applied a henna tattoo depicting a pattern that symbolizes Palestine onto the wrist of another demonstrator.

Demonstrators prayed together at the encampment organized by protesters at M.I.T., in Cambridge, Mass.

Supporters of Israel at Columbia on Monday morning.

Crowd: “We will not stop, we will not rest. Disclose, divest. We will not stop, we will not rest. Disclose, divest.” Crowd: “Free, free, free Palestine. Free, free, free Palestine. Free, free, free Palestine. Free, free, free Palestine. Free, free, free Palestine.”

Pro-Palestinian students at Yale University gathered on campus chanting, “Disclose, divest, we will not stop, we will not rest.”

Students on the Yale campus took part in protests, even after arrests had been made earlier on Monday.

“Free, free Palestine.” “Back up — everybody’s got to back up.”

Outside Columbia’s gates, New York City police officers detained a pro-Palestinian demonstrator.

Representative Mike Lawler, a New York Republican, calling for Columbia’s president to “resign in disgrace.”

Pro-Palestinian stickers near the entrance of Butler Library at Columbia.

[crowd clapping and cheering] How about you have the courage to open the gate? And let’s see what happens.

Protesters gathered around Columbia’s College Walk, the main pedestrian thoroughfare on the campus, as a speaker addressed them from the Sundial, a campus landmark.

A pro-Israel demonstrator outside Columbia University’s campus gates.

Protesters at N.Y.U. demanding a permanent cease-fire in Gaza.

Students erected encampments at several Boston-area universities, including M.I.T., to show solidarity with Palestinians and with protesters at Columbia.

Students at M.I.T. formed an improvised drum circle during the protests.

Protesters gathered around Columbia’s College Walk as a speaker addressed them from the Sundial.

Officers, some with batches of plastic restraints attached to their uniforms, lined up at a news conference held by the N.Y.P.D. outside the Columbia campus on Monday.

A group of pro-Palestinian students guarding their protest site on Columbia’s central campus lawn.

The “Gaza Solidarity Encampment” dominates Columbia’s South Fields, facing Low Library, the space where commencement exercises are scheduled next month.

Shai Davidai, a Jewish Columbia professor, speaking outside the campus gates on Monday after saying his university identification card had been deactivated. A petition, which has garnered more than 10,000 signatures, has sought his termination, accusing him of harassment of pro-Palestinian students.

Students at Yale occupied an intersection near Woodbridge Hall.

Sunday, April 21

Protesters rallied outside Columbia’s gates. Some protesters, unaffiliated with the university, made antisemitic comments toward Jewish students.

Tents that had previously been removed were again set up on the campus lawn by demonstrators.

Thursday, April 18

More than 100 Pro-Palestinian activists were arrested last week when Columbia’s president said she had taken the “extraordinary step” to call in the police “because these are extraordinary circumstances.”

Cornel West addressed student protesters.

The student demonstrators were not deterred by rainstorms on Thursday. They remained in tents before the encampment was eventually removed.

The administration called the N.Y.P.D. onto the campus. Over 100 students were arrested on Thursday.

Troy Closson reports on K-12 schools in New York City for The Times. More about Troy Closson

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April 25, 2024 - US university protests

By Elise Hammond, Chandelis Duster, Kathleen Magramo, Elizabeth Wolfe, Aya Elamroussi, Lauren Mascarenhas and Tori B. Powell, CNN

Our live coverage of the pro-Palestinian protests on US campuses has moved here .

Progress in negotiations between Columbia protesters and administrators, university says

From CNN’s Paradise Afshar

Negotiations between Columbia University administrators and pro-Palestinian protesters who've been occupying a campus lawn with a sprawling encampment "have shown progress and are continuing as planned," the school said in a statement late Thursday.

"For several days, a small group of faculty, administrators, and University Senators have been in dialogue with student organizers to discuss the basis for dismantling the encampment, dispersing, and following University policies going forward," the university said.

"We have our demands; they have theirs."

The university also denied rumors that the NYPD had been called to campus, calling them "false."

Some context: Columbia announced late Tuesday that it had given protesters a midnight deadline to agree to dismantle their encampment. But the university then said early Wednesday that it had extended the talks for another 48 hours . If no agreement is reached, the school has said it will consider "alternative options," which many protesters have interpreted to mean calling in police to clear the site.

Protests continue at campuses across the US as more arrests are announced. Here’s the latest

A wave of pro-Palestinian campus protests is rippling across the US, with hundreds of people arrested at universities throughout the country this week.

At New York's Columbia University,  the epicenter of the demonstrations,  protesting students said they won’t disperse until the school agrees to cut ties with Israeli academic institutions and disinvest its funds from entities connected to Israel, among other demands. Protesters at other campuses have similar demands .

The campus encampments spreading across the nation have brought together students from a variety of backgrounds — including Palestinians, Arabs, Jews and Muslims — to decry Israel's bombardment of Gaza .

Here are the latest developments:

Columbia University : The faculty senate is expected to vote on a resolution admonishing the school’s president, Minouche Shafik, on Friday over several of her decisions, according to The New York Times. Shafik has faced criticism for authorizing police to shut down student protests on campus.

Brown University: The university identified about 130 students who it alleges violated a school conduct code that forbids encampments on campus. Students found responsible will be disciplined depending on their behavior and other factors, including any prior conduct violations, the university said.

Emory University : 28 people were arrested , including 20 Emory community members, during a protest at the school, Vice President for Public Safety Cheryl Elliott said. Troopers deployed pepper balls “to control the unruly crowd” during the protest, Georgie State Patrol said. A group of Democratic Georgia state lawmakers condemned the “ excessive force used by Georgia State Patrol” during arrests at Emory.

Emerson College: More than 100 people were arrested and four police officers injured during an encampment clearing at the Boston liberal arts college, according to the Boston Police Department. President Jay Bernhardt said he recognized and respected "the civic activism and passion that sparked the protest" after dozens of arrests.

Indiana University : At least 33 people were detained on campus Thursday following encampment protests.

George Washington University : DC Metropolitan Police were asked to assist in relocating an “unauthorized protest encampment” on campus, university president Ellen M. Granberg said. The decision came "after multiple instructions made by GWPD to relocate to an alternative demonstration site on campus went unheeded by encampment participants," she said.

University of Southern California : The university canceled its main commencement ceremony  next month, citing "new safety measures in place.” Nearly  100 people have been arrested  on the campus.

University of California, Los Angeles : A "demonstration with encampments" formed at UCLA on Thursday.

Northeastern University: An encampment formed at Northeastern University in Boston, where dozens of protesters were seen forming a human chain around several tents. 

Other campuses: Since last Thursday, several campuses have been protest sites, including the  Massachusetts Institute of Technology , University of Texas at Austin, University of Michigan,  University of New Mexico , University of California, Berkeley, Yale University , and Harvard University.

Protesters at the University of Texas at Austin asked to disperse at 10 p.m.

Protesters at the University of Texas at Austin were asked to leave the campus's South Mall at 10 p.m. local time, university spokesperson Brian Davis told CNN.

No arrests have been made as of 10 p.m., Davis said.

"There is no curfew on campus. Leadership asked that students clear the South Mall at 10 p.m."

Just last night, more than 30 demonstrators were arrested after UT Austin police issued a dispersal at the school.

Protesters at Ohio State University arrested after refusing to disperse, university says

From CNN’s Joe Sutton and Jamiel Lynch

Demonstrators at Ohio State University were arrested on Thursday night after refusing to disperse, according to university spokesperson Benjamin Johnson.

Johnson did not know how many arrests were made.

“Well established university rules prohibit camping and overnight events. Demonstrators exercised their first amendment rights for several hours and were then instructed to disperse. Individuals who refused to leave after multiple warnings were arrested and charged with criminal trespass,” he said.

Columbia University senate is redrafting resolution to admonish school's president, New York Times reports

From CNN's Rob Frehse

Columbia University’s faculty senate is expected to vote Friday on a resolution admonishing embattled school president Minouche Shafik over several of her recent decisions, including calling in police to clear a student encampment last week, the New York Times reports .

The resolution would allow the school senate to avoid a censure vote during a critical time for the school, the Times reports, citing several unnamed senators who attended a closed-door meeting Wednesday. Some feared a censure vote would be perceived as giving in to Republican lawmakers, according to the paper.

A Columbia University spokesperson confirmed Shafik’s closed-door meeting with the senate on Wednesday but would not comment on the resolution to CNN.

 “The President met with the Senate plenary in a closed-door session for close to an hour, giving remarks and taking questions. She reiterated the shared goal of restoring calm to campus so everyone can pursue their educational activities.” 

Some context: Shafik has faced immense criticism from some students, faculty and Democratic lawmakers for her decision to authorize police to break up pro-Palestinian student protests last week— a move that resulted in more than 100 arrests .

Other students, Jewish advocacy groups and Republican lawmakers are slamming Shafik for not cracking down on protests — which they say have included antisemitic rhetoric — both on campus and outside its gates.

Several Republicans, including House Speaker Mike Johnson, have called for Shafik to resign.

CNN’s Maria Sole Campinoti contributed to this report.

What to know about the protests erupting on college campuses across the US

From CNN's Jordan Valinsky

Colleges across the country have erupted with pro-Palestinian protests, and school administrators are trying — and largely failing — to defuse the situation.

Several schools have called the police on protesters, leading to the arrests of hundreds across US campuses.

The recent surge in protests have inflamed tensions among students, forcing leadership to decide when free speech on campus crosses a line. The atmosphere was so charged that officials at Columbia – the epicenter of the protests that began last week – announced students can attend classes virtually starting Monday.

Passover, a major Jewish holiday, began this week, heightening fears among a number of Jewish students who have reported hearing antisemitic comments at some of the protests. The anxiety comes as reports of  antisemitic acts have surged  across America since October 7.

When did the protests start?

The situation  escalated last week  at Columbia University, where encampments were organized by  Columbia University Apartheid Divest , a student-led coalition of more than 100 organizations, including Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace, to protest what they describe as the university’s “continued financial investment in corporations that profit from Israeli apartheid, genocide, and military occupation of Palestine,” according to its news release.

What are they asking for?

Columbia protesters say they won’t disperse until the school commits to a “complete divestment” of its funds from entities connected to Israel.

Other protesters are similarly calling on their campuses to divest from companies that sell weapons, construction equipment, technology services and other items to Israel.

Where else are protests happening?

Since last Thursday, a slew of campuses have had protests and encampments, as well as arrests. That includes the  Massachusetts Institute of Technology , University of Texas at Austin, University of Michigan, University of New Mexico and University of California, Berkeley.

Police   arrested nearly 100 protesters at the University of Southern California Wednesday after a dispersal order.

At Emerson College, more than 100 people were arrested Wednesday during a pro-Palestinian protest, according to the Boston Police Department.

Yale University police  arrested at least 45 protesters Monday  on suspicion of criminal trespassing, though dozens remained Tuesday.

Harvard University officials suspended a pro-Palestinian student organization for allegedly violating school policies.

Read more  here .

Brown University says about 130 students violated school policy banning encampments

From CNN’s Isabel Rosales and Devon Sayers

Brown University has identified about 130 students who it alleges violated a school conduct code that forbids encampments on campus, a university spokesperson said.

The university's Office of Student Conduct and Community Standards has notified the students, who were identified through ID checks, spokesperson Brian Clark said in a release.

An encampment of about 90 people had formed on the school's Providence, Rhode Island campus Wednesday morning, according to Brown.

"Encampment on Brown University’s historic and residential greens is a violation of University policy, and participants in the encampment have been verbally informed of this fact and that they will face conduct proceedings,” the school's release said.

Students found responsible will be disciplined depending on their behavior and other factors, including any prior conduct violations, the university said, noting students could face probation or separation from the school.

“The University continues to ask individuals in or in immediate proximity to the encampment to present their Brown IDs for two reasons: to verify association with Brown for safety and security reasons, and to appropriately address potential violations of policy."

Protesters at Emory University briefly clash with police

From CNN's Elizabeth Wolfe

Protesters briefly clashed with police at Emory University in Georgia on Thursday, the university told CNN.

A confrontation between protesters and police outside the school's Candler School of Theology prompted an "increased law enforcement presence" on campus, according to the university.

"A group of about 100 people left the Quad and marched to the Candler School of Theology, where some protesters pinned police officers against building doors and attempted to access the building," the university said.

"The crowd ultimately returned to the Quad before dispersing."

Video from CNN affiliate WSB shows some protesters using large posters to push into a line of police officers whose backs are against the doors of the building. As officers push back against the posters, one demonstrator chucks their sign at the row of officers.

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Columbia University says it has banned student protester who said 'Zionists don't deserve to live'

Columbia University said Friday that it has banned a student protest leader from campus after a video resurfaced Thursday that showed the student saying Zionists "don't deserve to live."

A university spokesperson said the student, Khymani James, has been "banned from campus." The university did not provide any further details on the circumstances surrounding the ban or offer any information on disciplinary proceedings.

In a statement Friday night about the ongoing protests, Columbia officials said a person whose "vile videos" had recently surfaced has been banned.

"Chants, signs, taunts, and social media posts from our own students that mock and threaten to 'kill' Jewish people are totally unacceptable, and Columbia students who are involved in such incidents will be held accountable," the statement said.

James, a junior and member of the group Columbia University Apartheid Divest, or CUAD, and a self-identified spokesperson for the student encampment at Columbia, is seen making the comments in a clip of the video verified by NBC News.

"Zionists, they don't deserve to live comfortably, let alone, Zionists don't deserve to live," James said in the video, which has been circulating on social media.

"The same way we're very comfortable accepting that Nazis don't deserve to live, fascists don't deserve to live, racists don't deserve to live, Zionists, they shouldn't live in this world," James added.

The resurfaced video comes amid a wave of pro-Palestinian encampments and protests against Israel's war against Hamas in Gaza that have been established on college campuses across the United States. The demonstrations have, at times, resulted in arrests and some pro-Palestinian and pro-Israel protesters have clashed. Jewish students have also reported instances of antisemitism.

Talks between protesters and administrators about dismantling the encampment at Columbia, which has been in place since April 17, are ongoing, the university has said. Protesters there and on other campuses have called on schools to divest from companies that do business with Israel.

James, who uses he/she/they pronouns, said in a statement posted to X on Friday that their comments were "wrong" and that they "regret" them, adding "every member of our community deserves to feel safe without qualification."

James added that they wish they had said instead that, "Zionism is an ideology that necessitates the genocide of Palestinian people. I oppose that in the strongest terms."

According to the Anti-Defamation League , "Zionism is the movement for the self-determination and statehood for the Jewish people in their ancestral homeland, the land of Israel."

It does not necessarily refer to Jewish people as a whole, as Jews do not have to be Zionists.

James said in the statement that the comments were made before they were involved with CUAD and that both it and the Gaza Solidarity Encampment "have made clear" that their comments on the video "are not in line with the CUAD community guidelines."

"Those words do not represent CUAD," James said. "They also do not represent me."

It’s unclear whether James is still serving a a spokesperson. James did not appear to be at the protests Friday.

CUAD said in an Instagram post earlier Friday that James' "words in January do not reflect his views, our values, nor the encampment's community agreements" and that the group remains "committed to our peaceful protest and will continue to call for the University to divest from the Israel's brutal genocide against Palestinians."

NBC News has not confirmed the circumstances around why the video was made, but The New York Times and the university's student publication, the Columbia Spectator , reported James made the comments while in a meeting with Columbia’s Center for Student Success and Intervention in January. James recorded and broadcast the meeting on Instagram Live.

The January meeting was called in reference to an earlier comment James made on social media regarding fighting Zionists in which James said: "I don’t fight to injure or for there to be a winner or a loser, I fight to kill," according to the Times and the Spectator.

Columbia’s Center for Student Success and Intervention did not immediately reply to a request for comment and more information.

In a longer version of the video edited and posted by The Daily Wire on Thursday evening, James said they didn’t understand why their comments were problematic, compared Zionists to white supremacists and Nazis, and said they feel comfortable calling for Zionists to die.

James also said administrators should be grateful that James wasn’t acting on their words.

In the Friday statement, James said the comments were edited without context and that at the time they made the statements, “I had been feeling unusually upset after an online mob targeted me because I am visibly queer and Black.”

James did not immediately respond to a request for comment Friday on X. Other contact information could not immediately be found.

In a statement, White House spokesperson Andrew Bates said that President Joe Biden has been clear that "violent rhetoric, hate speech, and Antisemitic remarks have no place in America whatsoever."

"These dangerous, appalling statements turn the stomach and should serve as a wakeup call," Bates said. "It is hideous to advocate for the murder of Jews."

Rebecca Cohen is a breaking news reporter for NBC News.

• International

April 27, 2024 - Campus protest updates

By Tori B. Powell, Aditi Sangal, Nouran Salahieh, Dalia Faheid, Lauren Said-Moorhouse , Laura Smith-Spark , Adrienne Vogt and Matt Meyer, CNN

Our live coverage of the protests has moved here .

USC professor to CNN: University officials have failed students and faculty

From CNN’s Amanda Musa

University of Southern California administrators failed students and faculty who are encouraged by the institution to speak their minds, said  Mike Ananny , PHD, an associate professor of communications and journalism at USC who recently criticized university leaders over their handling of campus demonstrations.

On Thursday, Ananny wrote an open   letter appearing in the student publication, the  Daily Trojan , stating he no longer trusts the school's provost, Andrew Guzman, and its president, Carol Folt, after witnessing how they handled what he called peaceful protests, especially on Wednesday.

Nearly 100 people  were arrested after the university ordered protestors at the campus' Alumni Park to disperse, CNN previously reported.

“Peaceful protestors were at the university expressing their speech rights and doing all the things that we ask our students to do,” he said. “We want them to be engaged and passionate citizens who are taking care of their world.” 

Ananny cited the university’s decision last week to cancel Asna Tabassum's valedictorian commencement speech due to safety concerns as the catalyst for the pro-Palestinian protests. This week, the university also canceled its main stage commencement ceremony set for next month – further dismantling trust between administrators and the university community, Ananny claims.

“The university needs to trust its students, trust its faculty to do the work that we know how to do,” he said. “We know how to have these conversations – let us have them.”

Ananny says he has not received a response from Folt to his open letter.

Here’s some of the latest from major US universities as protests continue

From CNN staff

Pro-Palestinian protests are ongoing at major universities across the US. Several schools have called on authorities to remove demonstrators and more arrests have been made Saturday.

A central demand of protesters is for universities divest from Israel-linked companies that they say are profiting from the war in Gaza.

Here's what you should know:

More arrests and warnings:

• Police detained about 100 people as officials cleared "an unauthorized encampment" on Northeastern University 's campus in Boston on Saturday morning, according to a university spokesperson. Student organizers are disputing some of the school's claims about the encampment.
• Officers arrested at least 23 people on Saturday after a protest encampment formed at Indiana University Bloomington , according to the school's police department. Video from the scene showed officers in riot gear trying to separate demonstrators with their arms linked.
• At Arizona State University , police arrested 69 people for trespassing after an “unauthorized encampment” was set up, according to a release from the university.
• The University of Illinois warned of consequences , including arrests and interim suspensions, for those taking part in on-campus demonstrations that began Friday morning. 

Other schools saw relative calm today:

• The campus of Emory University in Atlanta was quieter Saturday, following the arrest of protesters and at least two Emory professors Thursday in clashes with police. The arrests are now the subject of a faculty movement pressuring the school's president to resign.
• Things were also " relatively calm " on Columbia University 's campus Saturday, especially compared to tense protests off campus earlier this week, according to CNN's Polo Sandoval. Negotiations are still ongoing between protest leaders and university administration, but organizers don't expect an update until Monday.

Northeastern protesters deny university's account of "professional organizers" at encampment

From CNN's Sharif Paget, Michelle Watson and Isabel Rosales

A Northeastern University student organization,  Huskies for a Free Palestine , says it was not infiltrated by outside organizers, as school officials had said after shutting down a protest encampment at the Boston campus.

About 100 people were detained at the encampment, though the school said those with a valid school ID were released and will face school disciplinary proceedings rather than legal action. The school said in a statement that the group had been "infiltrated by professional organizers with no affiliation to Northeastern."

"We were not 'infiltrated' in any way, shape or form by 'professional protestors', no one hired, it was comprised primarily of students," the student group said in a statement Saturday.

Claims about hate speech: The organization is also disputing the university's statement that the "use of virulent antisemitic slurs, including 'Kill the Jews,'" was among the reasons for shutting the protest down.

"The only people hurling antisemitic slurs last night were Zionist counter-protestors attempting to instigate our peaceful encampment. Despite this, the university exploited this moment to lie about our encampment and justify the brutal arrest of over 100 students,” Huskies for a Free Palestine said in its statement.

Videos shared with CNN show what appears to be at least two counter-protesters holding an Israeli flag attempting to provoke the crowd to chant, “Kill the Jews.”

After yelling the antisemitic remark, one of them is heard saying, "Anyone on board? Anyone on board?" Some protesters responded with boos.

Asked for any additional comment, the school's vice president of communications, Renata Nyul, said "the fact that the phrase ‘Kill the Jews’ was shouted on our campus is not in dispute," citing news reports and video from the scene.

"Any suggestion that repulsive antisemitic comments are sometimes acceptable depending on the context is reprehensible," Nyul said. "That language has no place on any university campus."

Faculty group criticizes response: In a statement Saturday, Northeastern University Faculty & Staff for Justice in Palestine also spoke out against the university's handling of the protest.

"We were shocked to learn that the Northeastern administration issued a statement claiming that the university's decision to arrest those in the encampment was triggered by an antisemitic statement allegedly made by protesters," the group said.

"Numerous videos that have been posted online, along with eye-witness accounts from a WGBH reporter and others, make it clear that the phrase in question -- 'Kill the Jews' -- was uttered by a pro-Israel counter-demonstrator who was seeking to provoke the students at the encampment."

23 people arrested at Indiana University Bloomington, police say

Officers arrested at least 23 people on Saturday after a protest encampment formed at Indiana University Bloomington, according to the school's police department.

Police said a group of protesters put up tents and canopies Friday night "with the stated intention to occupy the university space indefinitely," and that the unapproved "temporary or permanent structures" violated school policy.

Video from the school's student-run newspaper, the Indiana Daily Student , showed officers in riot gear carrying shields and batons as they attempted to clear out the encampment. Police can be seen shoving demonstrators as they try to break through interlocked arms, and at least four officers are seen dragging a person away from the camp.

In its statement, the Indiana University Police Department said it approached the demonstrators in the school's outdoor Dunn Meadow area around noon ET, along with Indiana State Police. Authorities say they gave demonstrators “six verbal warnings” to remove the encampment, before detaining those who did not remove their structures.

Police said the 23 people arrested face "charges ranging from criminal trespass to resisting law enforcement." Police said they had not confirmed how many of those arrested were directly affiliated with the university.

CNN has reached out to state police and the Monroe County Sheriff’s office.

In a  post  Saturday, the university said, “IU encourages and respects free speech, including the right to peacefully protest and demonstrate,” but said students, faculty, staff and visitors are expected to comply with school policy and state law.

CNN's Sharif Paget contributed reporting to this post.

This post has been updated with details from a video taken at the scene.

Police arrest 69 people from encampment at Arizona State University

From CNN’s Rebekah Riess

Early Saturday morning, Arizona State University Police arrested 69 people for trespassing after an “unauthorized encampment” was set up, according to a release from the university.

According to the school, a group of people, “most of whom were not ASU students, faculty or staff,” had created an encampment and their demonstration lasted until 11 p.m. local time on Friday, when the group was instructed “multiple times” to disperse. 

Those who refused to leave after multiple warnings, were arrested and charged with criminal trespass, the release said.

The university said while encampments are prohibited on ASU property, “lawful demonstrations” are allowed to take place on campus, except between the hours of 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.

“While the university will continue to be an environment that embraces freedom of speech, ASU’s first priority is to create a safe and secure environment that supports teaching and learning,” the statement read.

Three people were also arrested on the ASU campus Friday in connection with the encampment, CNN previously reported.

All campus operations have "returned to normal," Northeastern University says

From CNN's Michelle Watson

Northeastern University campus operations are back to normal and the school's quad has been "fully secured" as of Saturday afternoon, the university said in a  post  on X and in an email to CNN.

Police detained about 100 people this morning as officials cleared "an unauthorized encampment" set up by pro-Palestinian demonstrators on Northeastern’s campus in Boston, CNN previously reported.

The school said in its update that the process was complete by 11:30 a.m. ET.

Emory University calm Saturday after violent arrests

From CNN's Rafael Romo

The campus of Emory University in Atlanta was calm Saturday, following the arrest of protesters and at least two Emory professors Thursday in clashes with police.

On Friday, tenured Emory faculty pushed for a "no confidence" vote of Emory President Gregory Fenves in the wake of the violent arrests.

One of the faculty members who had been arrested — Noelle McAfee, chair of Emory’s philosophy department — told CNN that university administrators made the problem worse on Thursday when they called in the police.

She said police told her to step back as she stood near students who were being arrested.

“Here I am — now, not just a professor but a human being — watching this child being pummeled. I said ‘No’ and I stood there. But I stood there in a way that was non-confrontational. I just stood there. And then I’m arrested.”

Fenves said in a letter Friday that ahead of the arrests there were “highly organized, outside protestors” who came to the campus in vans to "construct an encampment, and overtake the Quad."

But students and faculty who participated in the protests recalled events differently, saying the protesters were mostly students and people affiliated with the university.

One such student, Martin Berg, a third-year law student who had been arrested, put it this way: "What I saw was unprovoked and severe brutality exacted by police that Emory University had allowed to come on campus and assault their students. The message that the president of the University sent regarding outside agitators … was a lie."

"The majority of us (in jail) were associated with the university in one way or another," he added.

George Washington University pro-Palestinian protesters block street but remain peaceful

From CNN’s Avery Lotz and Gabe Cohen

Protesters at George Washington University in Washington, DC, are now blocking a street.

Around a dozen tents spilled from University Yard — the grassy area where the encampment was initially erected earlier this week — onto H Street NW, where a sign that reads "Liberated Zone Solidarity Camp" stretches between two trees.

The group of protesters has grown since Friday, according to CNN journalists who have been at the scene.

The protesters, who remain peaceful, were chanting, "Students you are not alone. This campus is a freedom zone."

One chalk-written message on H Street read: “A Free Palestine in our Lifetime."

The tents on H Street, a public area, puts them in a zone overseen by the DC Metropolitan Police.

DC Metropolitan Police remain in the area, and the U-Yard park is cordoned off by metal barricades and tape.

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