cover letter requirements australia

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How to Write a Cover Letter: Template & Tips | Hays

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The importance of cover letter, what is a cover letter.

Let’s go back to basics – what is a cover letter? A cover letter acts as a personal introduction in a professional setting. Usually, it’s a separate document that you attach to a job application along with your CV. You should use it to demonstrate your personality and summarise why you are the right person for the job, so the reader can consider the rest of your CV with this set up in mind. 

Follow our tips for how to write a cover letter or download our cover letter template.  

Why write a cover letter? 

The idea for writing cover letters for your resume is simple: it needs to be engaging enough for an employer to read to feel compelled to find out more about your skills and experience in your resume, before (hopefully) calling you in for an interview.

Not all candidates make the effort to write a tailored and personalised cover letter, so by making sure you write a cover letter that answers specifics needs in the job ad, it’ll help separate you from other applicants. In turn, giving you a greater likelihood of being shortlisted for an interview.  

Download your Cover Letter template 

Enter your details below to download your Cover Letter template:

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Cover letter advice.

Recruiters & hiring managers often receive hundreds of applications for each job. You need to start with a great cover letter to gain attention. Learn how with this video from Hays.

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Resume & cover letters.

How to write a CV

How to write a cover letter

CV cliches to avoid

Updating your resume

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There’s no doubt that AI can aid the application process and it certainly makes sense to use all available tools to help you write a compelling cover letter to get noticed.  But it’s important to understand that AI is a tool with limited scope. There’s no one prompt that will generate the perfect cover letter, since both your skills and the requirements of each job are unique.    Rather, think of AI-generated copy as a starting point for your cover letter – consider it your first draft that you then personalise to reflect your skills and experience, and your personality.     Take the time to research an organisation and read the job description carefully, and then use this research to review and edit AI-generated copy to ensure it meets the specific requirements of the job and organisation. Add relevant keywords from the job description.    Also remove any generic or cliched copy produced by the AI and check for inconsistencies. Make sure the copy doesn’t misrepresent you.    Finally, add examples to showcase your unique value proposition. For instance, highlight relevant experiences, skills and achievements that directly match the requirements of the job you’re applying for. Mention your own career goals. Show genuine interest in the role and organisation.    By supplementing AI with your own personal effort, your cover letter will be a genuine reflection of you and your skills and experience. Customise the content, add examples and showcase your own voice to create a cover letter that captures your suitability for the job. 

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Final tips around how to write a cover letter.

• Keep it succinct and relevant to the job you’re applying for. Your cover letter should not exceed five paragraphs. 
• State what your motivation is behind your application. 
• Just as you would in your CV,  use strong verbs  to demonstrate action and accomplishments, such as ‘organise’ or ‘supervise’. 
• Optimise the subject line. Also check the job description again, in case the employer asks applicants to include something specific in the subject line. 
• If you are applying for a job online rather than email, consider putting your cover letter and resume into the same document so they don’t get separated. 
• Remember, our cover letter template is free to download and can be used as another way to capture the attention of a recruiter or hiring manager and encourage them to more closely review your resume. Good luck.

How to write a cover letter | 7th content block | UB

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How to write a cover letter in Australia: Your guide to standing out

January 02, 2023

A cover letter is the megaphone your job application needs to stand out and intrigue hiring managers… but what if your hand is shaky on the on-switch? Find out how to write a great cover letter, even if you’re not confident with words. 

When it comes to job hunting, there are two things that will never go out of fashion—the all-powerful resume, and its best buddy, the cover letter. Sure, your resume will change over time, and the final product will vary from a one-pager to a complete breakdown of your work history depending on your industry, but the letter portion generally stays the same (with some caveats for government, legal, STEM and finance roles). 

That said, hitting the right tone with your cover letter can be tricky. Too confident, and you’ll come across as braggy with no substance; too factual, and the reader may lose interest. Luckily, there’s a tried and tested approach for treading this line. 

What is the purpose of a cover letter?  

Before we dive into the how-to, let’s look at the purpose behind this one-page statement. A cover letter is there to help time-poor managers assess your application because it highlights the skills and accomplishments you feel are most relevant to the job. Think of it as a summary of your resume. 

While templates are easy (and tempting), generic cover letters can damage your chances of getting to the next stage. You risk rubbing your reader the wrong way with stock-like responses, a lack of research and vague statements in the place of demonstrated understanding. While you want to talk about the nitty gritty of the role and your career highlights, a cover letter is also the place to let your personality shine. You should bring yourself to the table and show the hiring manager how you align with their business from day zero. 

Do you need a cover letter? 

Yes. Submitting your application without one is a little like writing an assignment without including a list of references. You need to include a cover letter to show potential employers you have the initiative, dedication and attitude they want in their business. Even if tailoring your application takes a little longer than pressing send, it’s well worth it. Put yourself in the reader's position; would you interview the person who took the time to learn about the role, or the contender who attached their resume without so much as a hello, this is who I am and what I bring to the table? 

Mastering Australian cover letters

So how do you become a whiz at writing cover letters, and what are the steps that can make the process easier? If you take nothing else from this piece, remember this—preparation is key. If you’ve researched the role and identified your most relevant skills and achievements, writing a cover letter will be much easier.

Before you begin

Research the role.

By researching what you’ll be doing and getting a bit of background on the company, you’ll be able to learn more about the role and will find it easier to write the cover letter with this in mind. Look for recent articles on the company and its founders, and have a read of their website to get a feel for what they do. Make sure you understand the criteria that they’ve listed.

Brainstorm real-world examples

The worst thing you can be in a cover letter is generic. Comments like “I have great people skills” don’t really say anything. Once you know what the business is looking for, start thinking about real-world problems you’ve solved that meet the job ad’s criteria. Brainstorm things like:  How did you impact the company? Are there key performance stats that prove you made positive changes? Have these examples ready.

Gather contact details

If you can, find out the hiring manager’s name. LinkedIn or the company’s website can be great for this, so do a little digging. If all else fails, call the company and ask. It shows initiative.

Create a cover letter people care about in 5 steps

So you’ve got your background information and you’re armed with great examples of your achievements. Now’s the time to write a stand out cover letter.

1. Write a targeted introduction

Talk about what drew you to the role in the first place. Was it the culture? The company’s charitable work? Their reputation as industry leaders? Make sure you also say why that’s important to you—shared values are a great way to show company alignment. And remember, engagement is key, so you should be more conversational than you would be in a resume.

2. Explore your history and connect it with the role

How have you gotten here? Was it a straight path, or  did you start your career in another direction before finding your way to this industry?   If you’re changing industries, what have you done to learn about this one, and what prompted the change? Include some very brief context around this. 

3. Address the recruitment criteria in detail

It’s unlikely that you’ll tick every box in the job ad, but talk about what you’ve done in your previous roles and how your experience mirrors the job criteria. Be specific and use examples where you can. You can also mention any relevant qualifications you have if they’ve asked for them.

4. Refine your elevator pitch

You want to wind down with a quick overview. Remind the recruiter why you’re applying for this role, where you’ve come from, and why you’d like to take this path next.

5. Make a closing statement

Thank them for their time in reading your application, and let them know that you look forward to hearing from them soon. Tell them how and where you can be contacted so they don’t have to go digging through your resume for the details. 

Before you hit send

There’s no point writing a great cover letter if you  fall on the final hurdle. Here are some last steps you shouldn’t skip.

Proofread, leave it a day, then proofread again

This is your only chance to make a good first impression. It’s so easy to miss a typo when you submit your cover letter straight after writing it, but this looks sloppy. Give yourself the distance to spot those little errors.  

Ask someone you trust in the same industry to read it for you

This’ll give you insight into anything you’ve misunderstood, or areas you can focus more on. You could also learn valuable titbits about the industry that you may be able to weave into your cover letter.

Double-check the details 

There’s nothing worse than hitting ‘send’ only to realise you’ve called the hiring manager Mary when it’s actually Maree, so make sure you’ve got it right. It’s also good to check that all your contact details are correct.

Take a moment to breathe and visualise 

You’re almost there, and you’re doing great. Take a moment to visualise how fantastic it’ll be if you score an interview.

Organise your resume 

Make sure your resume is up to date and in the required format, with all the relevant skills clearly organised.

Send it away! 

Attach it to a brief email or onto the company’s application portal and you’re done!

Congratulations! You’ve just sent off your application. Pat yourself on the back for writing a clear, concise, targeted cover letter that shows how perfect you are for the role. Good luck.

Read next: How to make an impression at your job interview

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How to Write a Cover Letter that Stands Out [Beginner's Guide]

How to Write a Cover Letter that Stands Out [Beginner’s Guide]

A secret ingredient for that perfect cover letter.

Page Contents

A Cover Letter is a secret ingredient to making that first good impression on a potential employer. Many candidates focus too much on creating an impactful Resume that they treat a Cover Letter as an afterthought, creating an imbalance in their job application. 

A Cover Letter is an important element of a job application that the candidate submits along with the Resume. It introduces the candidate to the company and pitches why you’re that perfect candidate they’re looking for or, in other words, why they should hire you over other applicants. Unless the job advertisement explicitly mentions that a Cover Letter is not required, a candidate should always include a Cover Letter, along with a Resume, in their job application. 

As per one of the surveys online, job applications with a job-specific Cover Letter included with the application had a  31 per cent  higher call-back rate. So, it is clear that a job application must always include a Cover Letter and be tailored to the job/profile/position being applied. Why? Because job applications with tailored Cover Letters resulted in over  50 per cent  more interviews than job applications that didn’t include Cover Letters. 

Now that we’ve established how important Cover Letters are, let us delve deeper into understanding the specifics of a Cover Letter. 

What is The Purpose Of A Cover Letter?

A Cover Letter fulfils many purposes, including:

• Introduces the applicant
• Mentions the profile and position you’re applying for or looking for
• Provides the applicant with an opportunity to pitch why he/she is fit for the specific role and what the applicant brings to the table in terms of skills, experience, and qualification
• Develop interest in the reader (employer or hiring manager) for the applicant
• Integrates call-to-action to enhance the chance of landing an interview/call-back/meeting

What Should Be The Ideal Length Of A Cover Letter?

Cover Letters should be kept short yet informative and impactful. You are not writing your biography, so follow the unwritten rule of writing an ideal Cover Letter and keep it around 200 words to 400 words. 

The idea sweet spot lies somewhere between 200 to 300 words. It not only increases the readability but improves the chances of an employer reading it. Anything more than one page is a big NO-NO!

Cover Letter Must Be Tailored For The Job

As tempting as it might seem to copy-paste a generic Cover Letter to all the jobs you apply for, you should refrain from doing it. Ensure every Cover Letter is tailored to the job profile and the company you’re applying to. It should address the employer’s concerns, answer their specific queries about what you bring to the table, and help them to better understand why you’re a good fit for the job. 

In the Cover Letter, you must be specific about your skills and qualities and how you can leverage your experience to get the results the employer is looking for. 

Here are a few simple ways you can make your Cover Letter more objective-oriented and specific:

Research Who The Cover Letter Is Addressed To

Most Cover Letters start with the typical “To Whom It May Concern.” Don’t be that generic candidate. Take out time and do your research to find out who would be handling your job application. It needs some time and effort, but a little effort would go a long way in realising your dream of landing your dream job. 

Most job advertisements ideally name the concerned person to whom the job applications must be sent. If the advertisement doesn’t mention that, it would be wise to call the employer and inquire about it. There are numerous ways you can find out, including by contacting the employer via phone, email, or even on social media. 

Once you find the name of the hiring manager or the HR manager who would be handling the job application, it is recommended you either refer to the person as ‘Mr’ or ‘Ms’ followed by the surname. Ideally, it is suggested you refrain from using the first name as a mark of respect. 

Why is this necessary? Well, when you’re referred to by your name rather than ‘To whom it may concern”, it adds a humane and personal feel to it that triggers interest automatically. And, the fact that you took out time to tailor the Cover Letter while putting in the effort to find out the hiring manager’s name also makes a huge difference. It helps you stand out from the crowd and showcases your commitment and eagerness towards getting the job. 

Do An In-Depth Research About The Job Offer

When you’re looking for the hiring manager’s name or the concerned person to whom to address your job application, try to talk to the person to know more about the job. Ask questions to clarify the vacant profile to help tailor your Cover Letter and even Resume before submitting your job application. 

Some of the questions you can ask include –

• If you land the job, who would you be reporting to?
• What are the main KPIs and goals of the role
• What are the qualities/skills you’re looking for in an ideal candidate?
• If the required profile description is not mentioned in the job advertisement, inquire about the position description and your role/responsibilities once hired. 

Note down the answers you get and use the information to tailor your Cover Letter and Resume. 

Do Research About The Company Your Apply For

To personalise your Cover Letter specifically for the job, it is crucial to know more about the company you’re applying to. Here are a few helpful tips you can follow.

• Look for information available online about the company.
• Visit the company’s website, and go through the ‘About Us page. (It also helps during the interview)
• If the company’s name isn’t given, call the HR firm or recruitment agency to know who the employer is. 

What Must You Include In Your Cover Letter

Every candidate has their unique approach to writing a Cover Letter, but the end goal is the same – to inform, impress and stand out. Here’s a list of things that your Cover Letter must include –

Name & Up To Date Contact Details

The Cover Letter must include your name, email address and phone number on the very top of the page. It doesn’t necessarily need to have your postal address.

The email address should look professional and must not look extraordinarily flamboyant or out-of-place. For example, it should not look like  [email protected] . Such emails don’t look or sound professional and make a poor first impression, which is certainly something you don’t want when trying to land a job.

The thumb rule is to keep personal and professional email separate. If you don’t have a professional email yet, make a new one for free using just your first and last name.

Name & And Contact Details Of The Addressee

Your name, telephone number and email address go on the very top of the page, as mentioned earlier. Right below it should be –

• Name of the person you’re addressing the Cover Letter to.
• Name of the company you’re applying to or the position of the addressee in the company. 
• Contact details of the hiring manager/company (If available)

If you don’t have any of these details, you can always get in touch with the company and get the concerned details. 

In the absence of these details, you’re left with the option of addressing it as ‘To whom it may concern.’ But it must be used only as a last resort.

Name The Profile/Position/Job You’re Applying For

At the very beginning of your Cover Letter, it is important to mention which job you’re applying for.

You can add a line specifically for this purpose. (For example, ‘Regarding: Application For Digital Marketing Specialist Position’).

You can also choose to mention it on the very first line of your Cover Letter’s pitch. (For example, ‘I am writing to apply for the recently advertised Digital Marketing Specialist position’.

List Your Skills Relevant To The Job

It is crucial to include a brief summary of your skills, experiences, credentials, and qualification that aligns with the job description. If you want, you can also present it in a bullet list format. 

A job description always mentions the essential skills and experience required in a potential candidate. It might also include a list of “desirable” skills, experiences, and qualification. Your aim is to address specifically all of these ‘essential requirements’ and to as many ‘desirable requirements’ mentioned as possible. 

Remember, just saying you’ve got the skills and experience to do the required job won’t cut it. You need to show how you got the skills, how you’ve used your skills on the (previous/current) job(s) to get desired results, and any other past experiences that showcase you’ve got what the employer is looking for. You don’t necessarily have to be a show-off. However, mentioning specific details that help them picture your abilities and skills and know what you’re talking about can prove fruitful for the organisation.

A Brief Summary Describing Why You’re A Great Fit For The Job

Once you’ve listed your skills, qualification, and experience, it is time for you to elaborate on why it means you’re the right fit for the concerned position. (For example, ‘My ability to manage various mainstream SEO tools, perform deep competition/on-page analysis, experience in HTML, and working in an agency setting for over five years makes me an ideal fit for the job.

Use Industry Terminology – Speak In Their Language

Using standard industry terminology or in the language of the concerned field helps the employer get an idea about your skills/experience and the industry knowledge.

Find out what the employer is seeking in a potential candidate and answer these questions in the language they understand. The idea is to showcase your in-depth knowledge about the industry and bring to the table exactly what the employer is looking for.

Don’t go overboard with it, and make sure you don’t make mistakes here as it might end up doing just the opposite of what you desired to achieve.

Ask Them To Get In Touch With You

The Cover Letter must end with asking the hiring manager/employer to read the Resume and contact you to schedule an interview.

What You Mustn’t Include In Your Cover Letter

Now that we have discussed what should be in an ideal Cover Letter let us discuss what mustn’t be in a Cover Letter.

Typos & Mistakes

Spell-check your Cover Letter thoroughly for any errors, typos and grammatical mistakes. Read and re-read again and again to be completely sure. You can also take the help of your teacher, career/job counsellor, friends, and family members and get them to read the Cover Letter and Resume, pointing out any flaws or obvious mistakes. Typos, grammatical mistakes, and errors look unprofessional and can be off-putting to employers. 

Don’t Copy-Paste Entire Resume In Your Cover Letter

Your Cover Letter is meant to be an informative introduction and a prequel to your Resume. Don’t just rewrite your resume in a Cover Letter. Cover Letter and Resume are two different components of a job application and have different purposes. The Cover Letter is used to introduce you, generate interest in you as a potential candidate, give an insight into your abilities, skills, and experience. Let the Resume tell the whole story. 

Don’t Use ‘I’ Too Much

More often than not, the candidates end up making the Cover Letter about themselves rather than answering the real question – How can you be useful for the employer? Don’t overuse commonly used phrases in a Cover Letter like ‘I have, ‘I believe’, ‘I can,’ ‘I am, etc. Once you’ve written your Cover Letter, edit and proofread it to rewrite any specific sentences and phrases that use ‘I’ too much. 

Never Mention Your Other Job Applications

The chances are that you’re applying for multiple jobs simultaneously, but the employers don’t need to know that. It is essential never to mention other job applications or companies you’re trying to land a job in. Your Cover Letter should be aimed towards the employer and portray your commitment, faith, and eagerness to get the job. 

Employers are well aware that job applicants have applied for other jobs, but you must never mention it. 

The approach to writing a Cover Letter differs depending upon the job requirements and your credentials as a candidate. The approach will be different if you’re a fresher with no work experience, if the job doesn’t require a resume, if the company hasn’t advertised their job requirements, and if you’re a highly experienced candidate with tons of experience backing you. 

The significance of a Resume often overshadows the value of Cover Letters. But, surveys and interviews with employers and hiring managers over the years have clearly proved that Cover Letters do make a difference. It increases the chances of landing an interview and getting a call-back, and most of all, leaves a positive impression on the employer.

Make A Great First Impression With An Impressive Cover Letter

When you want to stand out in a sea of applicants, it’s worth investing time and effort into crafting an impressive Cover Letter. We’ve outlined the key things your Cover Letter should include above, but don’t forget that sometimes less is more. If you’re having trouble getting started or need help with polishing up what you already have written, we can provide assistance from our team of professional writers who are ready and waiting for new clients! Contact us today to get started on your Resume writing project – no matter how big or small – so that you’ll be prepared when opportunity knocks at your door!

As a job seeker, you must leave no holds barred to make a great first impression, and it starts with writing a Cover Letter that makes the hiring manager pick up that phone and give you a call.

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How To Address A Cover Letter In Australia (With Examples)

Dear Hiring Manager?

(36 votes, average: 4.6 out of 5)

Contributing Editor | HR, careers & job search

I founded three separate companies over the past decade to help leaders and organisations do their best work. Arielle Executive helps leaders get noticed while Arielle Partners & Talent Avenue connect organisations to Australia's best leadership talent.

Last updated: September 18th, 2023

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A well-written cover letter is essential for ensuring that your job application gets noticed by Australian hiring managers and recruiters.

However, you must address your cover letter correctly – and to the right contact person. Make a misstep here, and you’ll immediately send the wrong message to a potential employer.

Why Is It Important To Address Your Cover Letter Correctly?

A personal, precise greeting tells the hiring manager that you’ve invested time and effort into finding their contact details.

While this may seem like a trivial detail, it kicks off your relationship on the right foot by:

• Building a connection.
• Positioning you as a conscientious candidate with strong attention to detail.

The WRONG Way To Address Your Cover Letter.

Australian employers want to see your personality come through on your cover letter, but not to the point where it looks too casual and/or unprofessional.

Avoid the following, or any variations thereof:

• “Hey, Tom!’
• “Hola, Hiring Manager.”
• “Sup Boss”

Who To Address Your Cover Letter To?

Ideally, you should target your cover letter to the person making the hiring decision.

• In a small business, this may be the Managing Director or owner.
• In a large business , this will probably be the hiring manager or a department head.
• If the business uses an external recruitment firm , you should address the cover letter to the recruiter.

Getting the person’s title and gender is helpful, but the most important detail you need to list is the person’s actual name.

(Related: Best Resume And Cover Letter Builders in Australia ).

How To Find The Recipient’s Name.

There are a few steps that you can follow to make sure that your cover letter has the correct address at its beginning. If one step doesn’t work, then try the others.

1. Use The Job Description.

Job descriptions frequently – though not always – contain the hiring manager’s or the recruiter’s contact details.

The more senior the role is, the more likely the JD is to include a point of contact.

Expert Tip.

If all you have is a job ad that’s published by a recruitment firm rather than a company’s internal talent team (logos are a dead giveaway), you can always call the firm’s front desk and find out who on their team specialises in your type of role.

This Seek job ad doesn’t provide a recruiter’s details, but the recruitment firm’s name is clearly visible.

After hopping across into LinkedIn and discovering that Finite IT Recruitment Solutions has 123 employees, I narrowed my focus down to 39 people by filtering in only people with the word “Consultant” in the job title.

Using this method, it’s often possible to narrow your pool of possible targets to 1-3 people.

2. Use The Company Website.

Look for an “About Us” or “Our Team” page, with the names and roles of all their key employees.

Poke around until you understand their organisational structure well enough to find the most appropriate person.

Depending on company size, it will likely be one of the following:

• The solo internal recruiter (e.g., “Recruitment Manager” or “Talent Acquisition Manager”)
• The internal recruiter who specialises in your field (e.g., Recruiter – Sales).
• Head of the department you’re likely applying to (e.g., Head of Sales).

If this approach doesn’t provide enough detail, call the company and ask for clarification. Explain that you’re applying for a role and would like to make a positive first impression by getting the hiring manager’s name right.

3. Use LinkedIn.

Find the company’s LinkedIn page, bring up the full list of its employees, and then use the filters to find either the head of the department you’re applying for, or the internal recruitment professional.

It’s often surprisingly easy to find the right person – even if the company is huge.

For example, if you were applying for a sales role with HubSpot in Australia, a LinkedIn search that filters out everyone except employees with the title “sales” would bring up 25 people.

You’ll need to use common sense and further research to narrow the list down further, but 25 people at a publicly listed global company with 883 million in revenue isn’t a bad starting point.

What If You Can’t Find The Hiring Manager’s Name?

If you have followed my earlier tips and could not find the name of the right person, you have the option of targeting the title.

Depending on the size and structure of the company, you’ll need to aim at either:

1. The Department Head.

Target your future boss or their boss. For example:

• “Dear Head of Marketing”
• “Dear CTO”
• “Dear Sales Director”

2. The Head Of Talent Acquisition.

Companies increasingly roll up their recruitment and HR teams under the overall umbrella of “People and Culture”. Your cover letter could aim at any of the following:

• “Dear Recruitment Manager”
• “Dear Talent Acquisition Manager”
• “Dear Head of People”

Larger companies with multiple departments and complex hierarchies are more challenging to target precisely. It’s not the end of the world if you can’t narrow your options down to one person. As long as you can make an educated guess that makes logical sense, you’ll be fine.

Can I Use The Hiring Manager’s First Name Only?

Yes, but tread with caution. Unless you’re certain that the company’s culture is very informal, it’s probably safer to use the person’s last name.

If you do use the first name only, the traditional approach is to prefix it with a title like “Mr” or “Mrs”, although a simple “Hello” is increasingly common.

Can I Use “To Whom It May Concern”?

Only as the very last resort. It’s distant, impersonal, and hints that you didn’t try to find the hiring manager’s real contact details.

Can I Use “Dear Sir/Madam”?

Same as above.

Can I Use “Dear Hiring Manager”?

Can i assume marital status.

I suggest you don’t. If you do get it wrong, you’ll end up looking unprofessional.

Instead of taking a stab guessing whether your hiring manager is a “Mrs” or a “Miss” Costanza, I suggest you stick to the more general “Ms” for all female recipients.

“Mr” is OK for all men, regardless of marital status.

Using gendered titles is becoming increasingly problematic. Avoid the possibility of misgendering someone by using a simple “Hello Jackie”.

How To Deal With Academic Titles?

Academic titles like “Dr” and “Professor” overrule the traditional “Mr” and “Mrs”. If you’re not sure, search the University’s website for the academic’s profile page.

What Is A Cover Letter?

A cover letter is a targeted career marketing document, which you must tailor to every job that you apply for.

It is a place to demonstrate to the recruiter why you are so interested in this particular role and why you’re a better fit than every other candidate.

While your resume provides an overview of your work history and commercial value, your cover letter is a 10-second elevator pitch that spotlights your most relevant and important accomplishments.

Your cover letter must be written in a professional tone, and be less than 1 page in length.

Cover letters should not be copied and pasted, because they need to be customised to the requirements of each job and each employer.

Do Recruiters And Hiring Managers Even Read Cover Letters?

I conducted a survey, which revealed that about 2/3 of recruiters and hiring managers never read cover letters.

As with most complex issues, the devil is in the details.

See, most cover letters get thrown in the bin not because hiring managers aren’t interested in cover letters per se, but because 90% of cover letters are generic, untargeted and dull.

Hiring managers don’t have an aversion to reading cover letters; rather, they have an aversion to cover letters that don’t reveal anything new, unique or valuable about the candidate.

Now that you know this fact, use it as an opportunity to set yourself apart from other job seekers:

• Write the best cover letter you can
• Target it to each role
• Ensure it’s not a carbon copy of your resume

Which Font Type And Size Should You Use On Your Cover Letter?

The styling of your cover letter should match that of your resume. Start with the following parameters and micro-adjust if necessary:

• Your Name : 32 points, Arial Nova, bold
• Your Title : 13 points, Arial Nova, bold
• Cover Letter Heading : 20 points, Calibri, all caps
• Cover Letter Body : 11 points, Calibri

All the best in your job search!

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Cover letter template

Explain to the employer the purpose of your letter, why you’re applying for the job, how you meet the job criteria, and how they can contact you for an interview.

Cover letters for job applications

[your street number and name] [your suburb, state and postcode]

[title and name of addressee] [his/her position title if known]

[organisation’s name] [organisation’s address]

Dear [insert Ms/Mr Xxx or Sir/Madam]

    Application for position of [name of role], Reference Number [if given]

OPENING PARAGRAPH(S): The purpose of this letter, and why them.

Paragraph 1 : start by referring to the position you’re applying for (or “I am applying for the above position” if formatted as above) and where you saw the advertisement or heard about the role.

Paragraph 2 : explain why you’re interested in the role and the organisation. In order to do this, you need to have thoroughly read the selection criteria relating to the role and researched the organisation using their website, news sites, industry contacts, and so forth. If you’re applying through a recruitment agency and don't know the name of the hiring organisation, you can research the industry instead. Try to avoid clichés and make your interest in the organisation appear personal and genuine. A brief summary of your key selling points can be included at this point to highlight your ‘organisational fit’.

eg, GreenBuild’s recent exhibit at the Sustainable Cities festival was of particular interest to me as I have a passion for sustainable development. My skills in residential design developed through my Bachelor of Design in Architecture, along with my thorough knowledge of sustainable building practices acquired over two years as a project officer with the NSW Department of Environment and Heritage, would allow me to make a meaningful contribution to your mission to create Sydney’s greenest housing developments.

MIDDLE PARAGRAPHS: Why you?

Paragraph 3 : this is where you provide evidence as to how your qualifications, skills and experience meet the selection criteria for the position. You can draw evidence from a range of experiences if relevant, including academic studies, extracurricular activities, placements, volunteer roles and paid employment history, including casual work. This section where you address the selection criteria should be the longest section in your letter. It may be necessary to divide it into more than one paragraph.

eg, My strong time management skills have been developed through balancing part time work at Bob’s Café with volunteering commitments at my local community centre while meeting all assignment deadlines to maintain a distinction average in my studies.

FINAL PARAGRAPH: Wrap-up

Paragraph 4 : this is where you express the hoped-for outcome of your letter. End on a positive note and a call to further action. You may want to reiterate how your relevant strengths make you a suitable candidate for the role and mention your availability for interview. Refer to any attachments such as resume, transcript, application form, etc.

Yours sincerely [your name typed]

[Note: Use ‘Yours sincerely’ for letters beginning with ‘Dear plus Addressee’s Name’ and ‘Yours faithfully’ for letters beginning with ‘Dear Sir/Madam’]

Speculative cover letters

Speculative cover letters are used when you are proactively seeking opportunities directly with an employer, rather than responding to advertised vacancies. For speculative letters, follow the format above, with the following adjustments:

Opening paragraph : If you’ve been referred by a friend or colleague known to the recruiter, mention this. As no job has been advertised, state that you’re seeking employment opportunities in a particular occupational area or role.

Final paragraph : You may wish to include your intention to contact the employer on a particular day to follow up. Make sure that you keep your promise by noting the date in your diary and contacting the addressee on the mentioned date, as planned.

Need more cover letter tips?

How to write a cover letter.

A cover letter is your first introduction to a potential employer, so it needs to show that you’re a suitable candidate.

Addressing selection criteria

Selection criteria are the skills, knowledge, and experience required to successfully do the job.

How to write a resume

A clear, tailored and professional resume is essential for any job application. It should aim to convince an employer that your qualifications, work experience and skillset make you a strong match for the job.

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The golden rule of applying for jobs is to follow the employer’s application instructions . If the application states that you must provide a cover letter, then it is essential that you do this.  If there are no instructions provided, sending a cover letter is recommended. Your cover letter is a great promotional opportunity and is often the first thing employers will read, so it needs to create a positive first impression. Your cover letter is a demonstration of your written communications skills , so if it is written poorly your resume may not be read.  Your letter needs to sell your skills and suitability for the position to convince the employer to read the rest of your application and offer you an interview.

The cover letter is also an important indicator of whether you understand the business of the organisation and can make a valuable contribution, have thoroughly read the job description, and are genuinely interested in the job. Employers will probably spend less than 30 seconds reading your cover letter, so you need to provide a compelling document, which highlights your suitability for the position and organisation to ensure your application progresses to the next stage.

Getting started

• Write a  new cover letter for  every position. It needs to be tailored to the role and organisation to sound genuine. Employers expect the letter to speak to them and their needs and requirements. It is very obvious to recruiters when an applicant has ‘cut and pasted’ text with the only change being the person it is addressed to/company name. These applications are the first to be dismissed.
• Resist the temptation to use an online template. Some templates are not suitable for the Australian job market and many students find them difficult to edit.
• Assess the  job advertisement and  position description . This is critical. Highlight the key words in these documents. You now have a list of items to address in your cover letter. Giving clear examples of how you meet these requirements will put you in a competitive position.
• Use the organisation’s specific name repeatedly throughout the letter, instead of always referring to them as ‘your organisation’.

Tip : Statements as simple as  ‘We are seeking an enthusiastic, motivated person to work in a cooperative team environment. The position offers variety and will require the successful applicant to develop and implement a range of communication strategies’ are sometimes hiding the complex requirements of the position. As part of your application, you will need to address each of these areas, giving an employer evidence of where you have previously demonstrated these skills and qualities.

Skills and experience

It is very important in any job application that you directly refer to the skills and experiences required for the job – this could be the difference between making it to the interview stage or receiving a  ‘thanks but no thanks’ email.  It is not advisable to say, ‘although I don’t have any experience in…’ or  ‘my skills in … are limited’,  because this is negative and does not sell/market you to the employer. If you do not possess all the skills required, you will need to provide evidence of the skills you do have and be able to explain how they could be transferred to the role.

Example: 

If the employer is looking for someone with experience in using Canva software (graphic design) and you have never used it, you could say: ‘ I am proficient in the use of Adobe Illustrator and have used this to create logos, charts and diagrams. My skills in creating digital and printed images will enable me to quickly learn how to use Canva, and I would welcome the opportunity to undertake any training required.’

If you cannot think of anything that remotely meets the requirements, ask your friends or a trusted colleague, as they may be able to help you think of an example of where you may have met that requirement. If you are missing a critical technical skill and have never heard of that skill before, check that you are applying for the right job!  NEVER tell lies in an application as this will ALWAYS surface at a later stage.

Format and presentation

• Choose a professional, business-style format and font for your cover letter. Be consistent and use the same font style and size in both your cover letter and resume. Either Arial or Calibri in font size 10 or 11 are good choices.
• Ensure your contact details are current and your email address is professional.
• Make sure you remain within word or page limits.  Normally cover letters are only one page, however, some applications require you to address the selection criteria/key requirements or to discuss your motivation for applying in the letter. Often these applications require a one-or-two-page cover letter. Always follow the employer’s instructions. (The different styles of written responses are covered in  Topic 4  of this module).

Use a business style format with your contact details on the right hand side, the addressee and the date on the left hand side.

My city/town My phone number My email address My Linkedin profile (this is optional)

Name of recipient – e.g. Mrs S Smith Position (if known) – e.g. Manager – Graduate Recruitment Organisation name – e.g. Queensland Health Organisation address – e.g. Douglas   QLD   4814 Date – 1 January, 2024

Try to find out the name and title of the addressee as this immediately creates a connection.  “ To whom it may concern"  may be used if you cannot find the name of a contact.

Dear Mrs Smith, - not Dear Mrs Susan Smith

Include a subject line or heading to identify the role you are applying for. Bold the text for clarity.

RE: Application for position of [insert name of role], Reference number [insert if given]

Use your opening paragraph to explain where you learned about the role. State what you are studying and what you can bring to the role.

I wish to apply for the position of [ position title ] with [ organisation name ] as advertised [ where advertised ] on [ date ].  I am currently studying a [ degree title ] at James Cook University and expect to complete my degree in November [ year ]. My experience in the area of [ specify area ] and [ specify area ] has allowed me to develop skills in [ skill ] and [ skill ] and I am keen to extend this experience with [ organisation name ] who are a recognised leader in this field.

The second paragraph is where you can promote yourself as the best candidate. Demonstrate how your skills, knowledge and experience from study and work will match the job requirements and help you to add value to the organisation. Take care not to simply repeat what is in your resume – this is your chance to expand and give examples of your skills, knowledge and experience relevant to the position you are applying for.

My studies in [ specify area ] and my active participation in the [ name of organisation ] has allowed me to develop my leadership and communication skills.  As part of my studies, I acted as a Student Mentor to first year students which required me to advise groups of 20-30 students on studying at university and how to best organise their timetable to maximize their study opportunities.  In addition to maintaining an overall grade point average of 5.8 (highest being 7), I also coordinated a fundraising program for the Cancer Council of Queensland.  Through activities that included weekly BBQ’s, raffles and seeking corporate sponsorship, I raised $5000 for my local Cancer Council branch.  This achievement required excellent organisational skills, the ability to communicate with a broad range of people and a flair for marketing.

The next paragraph should be about the organisation. You want to make it clear that you have done your research, you know their business and you want to work for them. Tell them why you are interested in the role. Be concise and genuine and make the match between the qualities they are looking for and what you have to offer.

I am aware that [ company name ] seeks to [ mission statement ]; this is an area that I am passionate about and am enthusiastic about contributing to.  My thesis research on [ detail on thesis/project topic ] allowed me to develop my [ ability ] and [ ability ] abilities and I am keen to apply these to the position of [ position title ].  Throughout my degree, I have undertaken work experience with a variety of [ discipline ] firms including [ company name ], my supervisors regularly commented on my strong work ethic and my diligent attention to the projects I was assigned.

Finally, finish on a positive note thanking the employer for their consideration and including your contact details.  You can also specify the documents you have attached.

I look forward to the opportunity of discussing my application with you and would be pleased to supply any further documentation you require in addition to my attached resume, statement addressing selection criteria and academic record.  I can be contacted at any time on 0400 111 222 or [email protected] .  Thank you for considering my application.

Last but not least, check for errors

Ensure your grammar and spelling are spot on. Ask a trusted friend to read it for you.

An example of a  Cover Letter is available on our website.

Action: Go to your downloaded workbook and complete Activity 2

Email applications

Your first contact with an employer may be via email. The language you use will demonstrate your written communication skills, therefore you must take care with your wording so you can create a great first impression. While your email does not need to be in cover letter format, it does need to be professional and not resemble a text message to a friend.

If a cover letter is requested, make this a separate document and attach it with the rest of the documents.  If it is not requested and you are sending an email to attach your resume, your email does not need to be in cover letter format but it is more than just an brief email.

Tip : Make sure the subject line is relevant and the message is clear to the reader. It doesn’t matter how good your cover letter or resume are if your email isn’t opened.

For the purpose of job hunting you will need a professional email address and voicemail. Take care when creating your email signature – it needs to include your full name as opposed to just your first name.  Consider using your JCU email address on your job applications as it provides a professional email address, and you can use it after you graduate. JCU graduates have access to saved emails and SkyDrive files for life.

Example Email Signature:

Serena Williamson 4 th Year Bachelor of Social Work student James Cook University Ph: 0411222222 LinkedIn profile:[customise and embed your LinkedIn URL]

Expressions of Interest (EOI) and speculative applications

Many opportunities are not advertised, and so it can be worthwhile to send a speculative cover letter or email to an employer you wish to work for.  Speculative applications need to be sufficiently interesting so the prospective employer will want to meet you or contact you even though they may not currently be recruiting. Approaching employers in this way also shows initiative and motivation. You need to explain the purpose of your speculative letter and express an interest in working for the organisation, and you need to clearly state the type of work you are interested in.  Are you seeking graduate or casual work, paid or voluntary opportunities? It is important to get this message across quickly at the beginning of your letter.

Spamming multiple employers will decrease your chances of a reply. Employers expect an email to be directed to them personally. A little extra effort could be the deciding factor in the selection process; employers have said they can ‘feel’ the interest of an applicant through the language they use in emails and letters, so ensure your wording is professional, sincere, and passionate and demonstrate the connection between your career goals and the business.

Find a contact

You are more likely to be considered if you direct your application to a named person at an organisation. To find a key contact:

• Head to the website of an organisation you want to target. Try to find a contact list or team list to locate a relevant contact.
• Look for news about the organisation and current projects they are involved in – you will find them in the general and industry specific press and newsletters, LinkedIn interest groups etc. You may be able to identify the name of the project leader etc. who would be worth contacting and the content of the project that you might want to help working on.
• Cold call by phoning the HR Department of the organisation you are targeting and explain who you are, your year level at JCU and field of study, and your interest in their organisation. Ask for a key contact’s name, email address, and direct phone number. It is a good idea to develop a short script and practice it before you make the call, so that you give a good first impression.
• Network with alumni – JCU alumni can be a great source for contacts and referrals. Head to the  JCU LinkedIn page and start researching.
• Network with students – make connections with fellow students who have similar interests to you; they may have contacts in your industry area.
• Use social media – many organisations have a social media presence, which you can use to find contacts.

Tailor your speculative cover letter or email

Your opening paragraph needs to introduce you, explain why you are writing, and how your education and experience could bring value to the organisation. Make it clear what type of opportunity you are seeking: graduate or casual work, paid or voluntary.  It is important to get this message across early, so that employers know exactly why you are contacting them. Finally, follow-up with a phone call a few days after.

Example of an Expression of Interest email:

Dear Mrs Smith

Start with the reason you are writing:

I am writing to explore [ e.g., employment opportunities/vacation work ] with [ Company ]. I have been referred by Ms Jean White from [ where] who suggested you might be recruiting for [ opportunity ]. You will see from the attached resume that I am currently [ details of what you are doing , e.g., final year Science student ]. I am extremely keen to [ comment on why you are interested in this organisation/industry ].

Match what you can offer with what you think they are looking for (add other skills and abilities that will be of interest):

I have read from your [website/recruitment information] that your organisation employs graduates who have [ types of education/skills and abilities ]. As indicated on my resume, I [ add sentence supporting how you would be able to meet their requirements and fit the culture of the organisation ].

Indicate your interest in THIS organisation:

[add sentence demonstrating your understanding of their business, some ideas about how you could contribute, what past experiences/skills you could bring]

I strongly believe in your approach to [major achievement/mission/goal] and this area of [development/innovation] is something I would like to pursue.

Closing paragraph:

I look forward to further discussing my interest in (state the opportunity) and can be contacted at any time on [Phone number].

Additional Resources

Log into Big Interview and watch the video: Writing Persuasive Cover Letters (10.12 mins)   (Instructions - go to Interviews > Interview  Curriculums > Resume Curriculum   to find the video)

• Creating a Winning Cover Letter
• What Kinds of Cover Letter Are There?
• A Good Cover Letter is More Important Than You Think

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