education and career

Careers in Education - Career Paths, Salaries, Responsibilities & Demand

Education Career Paths Highest Paying Jobs in Education Growing Careers in Education What Do Teachers Do? Teaching Shortage and Demand

Education Career Paths

There’s no doubt that teachers have the power to transform the lives of their students inside the classroom, but there are other education career paths that may better suit your skills and interests. Learn more about several different education careers below.

Teaching is certainly the most commonly known career path for students earning a degree in education, and it’s a great option if you like working with children or adults in a classroom setting. Teachers prepare and educate their students for the world. Their subject matter depends on the age they are instructing, ranging from math and reading basics up until specialty courses taught in higher education. Teachers also have the ability to work in different environments; primarily traditional schools but also online options. Teacher Job Responsibilities Teachers create lesson plans and tests in order to educate students on specific subjects depending on the age and skill of the students. Analyzing and reporting progress back to parents is also a responsibility teacher must complete, as well as creating and reinforcing rules for their classroom. Teacher Job Options You can choose to specialize in special education , early childhood education , or secondary education. You might also consider a dual degree in a subject such as history, science or math, and secondary education. If you want to become a teacher but don’t want to teach in a traditional classroom, you have options. You could teach online, in a residential facility, or as part of literacy or other education-related non-profit programs. If you’re looking to teach at the college and university level, you generally will need to earn at least a master’s degree. Regardless of the teaching path you choose, you are sure to make a real and lasting difference in the lives of others!

Education Administration

Some teachers who are looking for an opportunity for growth within their school community can pursue an advanced degree to become an educational administrator. A Master’s Degree in Education Administration , for example, can prepare you to help fellow teachers align their lesson plans with district, state and federal materials and requirements, as well as design standalone programs, such as a school safety program. The field of education administration is expected to grow 6 percent between now and 2024, or about the average rate of growth for all occupations. The Bureau of Labor Statistics also reports the median 2021 pay of elementary, middle and high school principals is $98,420 annually. School administrators who play a role other than principal report a median annual salary of $94,730 . As with average teacher salary, the pay and job growth in the field of education administration varies across the country.

Education Administration Responsibilities An education administrator is responsible for all administrative duties at a school, including budgets, schedules, disciplinary actions, and event planning. Having keen attention to detail, excellent organization skills and a passion for connecting with students, as well as teachers, are important skills for an education administrator to have. Education Administration Job Options Potential job options for an education administrator include principal , vice principal or dean, but also can extend into areas such as advanced curriculum planning, professional development, and instructional guidance for other teachers.

School Counseling

School counselors help students socially, academically and emotionally, as well as guide them along their path to college or into the workforce. Earning a Master’s Degree in School Counseling is a good first step in earning a state-issued license, which you’ll likely need to obtain before beginning work as a school counselor. The median pay for licensed school counselors in 2021 was $60,510, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. School Counseling Responsibilities As a school counselor, you’ll play a key role in students’ development and help them to reach their full potential outside of school. A school counselor's job responsibilities include listening to the concerns of a student in an academic and emotional sense, aide students in processing problems, creating plans to solve issues, and assist with college or employment opportunities to help a student succeed in life. School Counseling Job Options A school counselor can work either in an office or a classroom setting and can assist with various grades, usually K-12.

School Social Work

A school social worker is an important part of the education system in that they help behavior issues within students and ultimately aid in their educational success. And, according to government data, there is a growing need for social workers. Through 2031, the occupation is expected to grow at 9 percent, which is faster than the growth rate for all occupations. School Social Work Responsibilities Social workers work with teachers and school administrators to identify behavior issues in students that might lead to aggressive behavior, bullying or absences. They then work with the students and their families to address the root of the problem and develop strategies to improve students’ academic performance and social development. School Social Work Job Options A school social worker usually works in an office setting within a school and works with numerous ages of students.

Teaching English as a Second Language

Teachers in Pennsylvania can earn a certification in Teaching English as a Second Language after they become a certified teacher. Having this certification is generally required to teach English to non-native speakers in public schools. The Learning Policy Institute found in a 2015 survey that t here are national shortages in the number of qualified EL teachers. Teaching English as a Second Language Responsibilities The primary responsibility for teaching English as a second language is what the name implies; teaching English as a second language to students who do not speak English fluently. In addition to teaching the language, EL teachers help students better understand the culture of their new environment. Teaching English as a Second Language Job Options English as a second language teachers have the options to work in a traditional school setting, during evening hours to accommodate older students and an online option to connect with students in different locations.

Highest Paying Jobs in Education

How much do teachers make.

Wages for teachers vary according to geographic location and grade level.  Below are the national median annual wages for teachers in 2021:

Many teachers have summers off and use that time to earn additional money and/or develop their skills by teaching summer school, running summer camp programs, or pursuing other interests.

Growing Careers in Education

Opportunities in the education field are becoming more in demand according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , especially in certain education specialties. Listed below are some of the top growing careers in the education field.

• Postsecondary Teacher
• Postsecondary Education Administrator
• Curriculum Developer
• Schools Counselor
• Special Education Teacher

What Do Teachers Do?

In addition to teaching students specific subject matter in the classroom, teachers strive to help students develop the lifelong learning tools they’ll need to succeed in the future. Math lessons can help students work on problem-solving skills, group projects can help students work on their communication skills, and history lessons can help students appreciate cultures other than their own. But back to the classroom, here are some things a teacher typically does during the day:

• Prepare lessons that will engage and challenge students
• Create assignments that will connect lessons to a bigger concept
• Vary teaching style to keep students’ attention and meet their needs
• Participate in after-school clubs or tutoring
• Meet with parents to discuss a student’s progress
• Become involved in professional organizations
• Grade student assignments and offer feedback that will enhance their understanding of the subject matter

Teaching Shortage and Demand

While teacher shortages vary by geographic location and subject, the Learning Policy Institute has found some factors that contribute to the teacher shortage in the United States , including the number of students enrolled in teacher preparation programs and an increase in the number of school-age children. According to The Learning Policy Institute, enrollment in teacher preparation programs dropped 35 percent between 2009 and 2014 , the most recent year for which data is available. This gap in the number of qualified professionals is highest in special education , math, science, and bilingual education, according to US News. Despite having fewer qualified teachers, the number of children in the United States who are expected to enter kindergarten through 12th grade is expected to reach 56.5 million students by 2025, up from 55.4 in the fall of 2013, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. The Bureau of Labor Statistics anticipates 1.9 million teaching jobs will be added for preschool through postsecondary school between 2014 and 2024. While demand will vary depending on geographic location and age or subject taught, the average demand for all teaching occupations is expected to grow 6 percent.

GMercyU: Your Path to a Career in Education

Earning a bachelor’s degree in education is a great first step to a career that allows you to make a difference in the lives of students and their families. GMercyU’s School of Education can help you become the teacher or school administrator you aspire to be. Gwynedd Mercy At GMercyU, you will have access to the finest teachers and resources as you develop your teaching and classroom management skills. Watch the video below to see how GMercyU’s School of Education Professors can help you Bring Your Future into Focus in the classroom.

Classroom observations and student teaching will give you real-world experience to draw from later on, and a dedicated Education and Certification Coordinator will ensure you meet all the requirements to become a certified teacher in Pennsylvania.

To learn more about the opportunities available and to begin your journey toward a rewarding career in the field of education, contact Gwynedd Mercy University at 215-641-5541 or [email protected] .

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Explore Different Careers in Education

When thinking about a career in education, becoming a teacher is the most obvious choice. Even within teaching, the subject areas and age groups are so varied that a range of options exist.

And while jobs in education typically lead to teaching in some fashion, roles in consulting, administration and as school board members also are an option. In fact, the field of education is so varied that there are hundreds of different educational careers that can be accomplished with a degree in education -- jobs based online, in a classroom, in other countries or even in centers or homes.

Below are several areas that can be utilized for employment and educator careers when entering the world of education.

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Considering a career in education.

Teaching is a wonderful and exciting profession for you if you are passionate about nurturing and helping the leaders and thinkers of tomorrow.

A career in education does not only entail teaching in the classroom but can also mean providing psychological counseling to students, being responsible for a school's management, or even helping provide access to resources such as libraries and counseling.

Read on to hear about the various options available to someone interested in a career in education.

Why Should I Pursue a Career in Education?

• Job Security: The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts growth in almost all the educational careers. Jobs in teaching are readily available after graduation and teachers are in high demand across all disciplines. Put simply, there will always be a need for teachers and school administrators.
• Benefits: Teachers receive pensions and insurance coverage for themselves and their families. Additionally, teachers can avail of tenure and built-in salary increase plans as they gain experience. Teachers also often get paid holidays during winter and spring break, for example.
• Teaching What You Love: Teachers get to teach subjects that they are truly passionate about and inspire the next generation of leaders, thinkers and doers to change the world. Teachers get to discover and learn new facets of their subjects of interest every day by sharing it with young and curious minds.

Read more about a master's degree in education .

The Career Path for Teachers

With so many schools in need of teachers for all grade levels, it's easy to get started working in a classroom, whether through substitute teacher opportunities or degree programs that incorporate professional training at the outset.

While it's easy to hit the ground running as a teacher, it can be helpful to have a longer-term idea of your career path in mind before entering the field.

In fact, with such a wide range of career options ahead of you, it can be hard to decide where to focus your pursuits. But the good news is there's not just one best job in education - rather, it lies in the eye of the beholder, depending mainly on your personal interests, the work environment that most appeals to you, and where you'd like your engagement in the educational field to lie.

Below are a few of the different ways one might approach an education career. Take a look to see which one is right for you.

From Classroom Teacher to School Leader

Many teachers start their careers in the classroom with the long-term goal of growing their expertise to take on leadership positions within their schools. This can be an exciting and deeply rewarding opportunity for educators to run with what they've learned from their experiences and make a broader-scale impact on student life. These jobs can also offer improved pay, providing a valuable incentive that education professionals can work toward.

The path to becoming a school leader usually starts with classroom teaching, which provides the most insight possible into student needs within a given community. Classroom teachers of all grade levels typically start their careers as entry-level educators in public or private schools. As they gain experience and improve their skills, they can become eligible for leadership roles within their schools, such as department chairs or instructional coaches. These can give teachers a first taste of the larger organizational responsibilities of administrators and an acclimation to the macro-level perspective needed to make major academic decisions.

To become a full-fledged administrator, teachers may pursue advanced degrees, such as a master's or doctoral degree in education, to prepare for careers such as principal, superintendent, and other administrative roles.

Becoming a Specialized Teacher

Other teachers who do not choose to pursue the administrative path decide instead to continue careers in teaching, developing an area of specialty. These are often roles that focus on students with particular academic needs, such as English language learners (ELL students), special education students, and highly gifted students. These are some of the most important occupations in education: being able to support these students requires tremendous skill and training, and the payoff for students can be game-changing.

Some teachers pursue specialized training at the start of their careers, choosing certificate programs that emphasize this type of teaching work. Others begin as traditional classroom teachers but decide to concentrate their efforts on a particular arena, oftentimes after having taught students with academic needs and witnessed their educational struggles up close.

Alternative Careers for Teachers

While some educators wish to develop their careers purely within a school setting, there are other jobs for education majors and experienced teachers to put their knowledge and insight to use. These can be excellent opportunities for those looking for a change of pace from the busy day-to-day of working on campus with students.

There are many reasons why teachers decide to leave the classroom, but the good news is there are plenty of excellent job opportunities for teachers who don't want to teach.

Some teachers may choose to transition into teaching-related professions, such as curriculum development or educational consulting. These roles may involve developing educational materials and programs, conducting teacher training, or providing expert advice to schools and educational institutions. Drawing from observations from their time in the classroom, teachers can be amazingly resourceful in developing effective and engaging course materials. These are some of the most intellectually rigorous jobs in the field of education.

Other educators who wish to pursue work outside of the immediate school context go into advocacy work, using their expertise to advance important causes in education impacting teachers and students alike. This can involve receiving an advanced degree in educational policy or another legal field. Many have successfully started careers in educational policy through on-the-ground efforts such as volunteering, attending local government meetings, and more.

If you're looking for careers in education that aren't teaching, some of the following job titles may appeal to you:

• Curriculum developer or instructional designer
• Education consultant
• Education policy analyst
• Educational technology specialist
• Nonprofit education program manager

A Teacher's Perspective: Why I Left the Teaching Profession and Have Come Back

The following is written by a working teacher.

It's no secret that teaching is a job whose rewards are matched by its rigor. Unfortunately, many in the profession face burnout after years on the job, a problem exacerbated by the challenging conditions of many schools. Having taught high school for over ten years, I too eventually fell victim to burnout, pointing to the long hours and high pressure of the work, as well as the immense level of energy needed to run a classroom full of students.

Feeling fatigued, I decided to pursue a new career path, finding work as a writer for a large corporate retailer. (I hold a BA in English, which served me both as a Language Arts teacher and a professional copywriter.) While my work was nowhere near as demanding as the daily grind of teaching ninety students a day, it was also far less fulfilling. As I looked at other career options, it became clear to me that nothing else would allow me to make the meaningful contribution that is teaching, bringing my knowledge and wisdom to encourage the next generation of thinkers. After much deliberation - and more than a few much-needed naps - I decided to return to the teaching profession.

In order to return to teaching, I needed to approach the job with longevity in mind.

Now that I am teaching again, I am more mindful of my work/life balance, understanding that preventing burnout is an important part of my job. I have also been more mindful of channeling my professional efforts toward alternative careers in education, which can potentially offer themselves to me as viable career opportunities that are still close to the causes I care about if I ever need a change of pace yet again.

While much has been written about the difficulty of occupations in education, let my story be a reason to reconsider. There is simply no job that rivals the up-close impact you can make on the lives of young people, and if you're meant for the jobs, there's nothing else you'll find as rewarding.

Different Types of Teaching Jobs, Careers & Education Requirements

Below is listed the major career paths in education, ranging from preschool teaching to administration and library science. Detailed alongside are the primary responsibilities for each of these professions, corresponding education requirements and the median annual salary offered. Projected job growth within the next 10 years is also included below for each of these professions.

Learn more about a teaching degree online .

Jump to Careers in Education

Art teacher, biology teacher, college professor, elementary school teacher, english teacher, esl teacher, high school teacher, history teacher, kindergarten teacher, math teacher, middle school teacher, montessori teacher, music teacher, p.e. teacher, preschool teacher, school administrator, school counselor, school librarian, school secretary, science teacher, special education teacher, substitute teacher, superintendent, teaching assistant, vice principal, salary comparison tool.

Although most educators do not enter the profession just for the salary, it is something we all consider. This tool will allow you to easily search and compare the average salaries of various careers in education throughout the United States. You can search by city and state. All salary data is sourced from BLS.gov.

Select Career Type

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An art teacher is one who educates students about the creation of art. Generally this means creating art in some type of classroom setting. Some art teachers will work within the school system, while others may teach students of various ages in a community center or other type of setting. Art teachers may also offer private lessons in some cases. If in the school system an art teacher may teach basic techniques, while at the higher levels art teachers are likely to focus in part on art history.  Art teachers have the option to work anywhere in the world in which a need exists.

Learn more about how to become an Art Teacher >>>

Biology teachers are most often found at the high school or college levels. This type of teacher can work in a private, public, charter, or online school to develop curricula that meets current educational standards. This typically involves creating basic experiments, presenting lessons, and helping students carry out scientific investigations. In addition, biology teachers at the high school level may be required to give standardized testing, work with parents on student performance, and provide approved disciplinary actions if needed to modify student behavior. Many teachers also serve as advisors to clubs and other organizations before and after school hours.

Learn more about how to become a Biology Teacher >>>

A college professor is one that teaches mostly young adults in a given subject area at a private, public, or online school. A college professor is responsible for teaching the subject area in which they are trained, as well as guiding students in the right direction as far as completing a degree. Professors are also often responsible for writing recommendation letters for jobs, higher level educational programs, or even scholarships. A professor must create tests, assignments, and projects that allow students to demonstrate knowledge in the given subject area and provide grades for each. In addition, professors may serve as advisors to clubs or organizations.

Learn more about how to become a College Professor >>>

Elementary school teachers teach basic subjects such as science, basic math and English. Elementary school typically comprises of kindergarten and first through fifth or sixth grades, although it may also include seventh and eighth grades in some districts. They prepare students for later grades and encourage their students to persevere with challenging tasks.

• 2021 Yearly Salary (Median): $61,350 per year
• Career Growth Average and Estimates for 2021–2031: 4% (60,200 jobs)
• Education Requirements: Usually requires a bachelor’s degree in education. Public school teachers must obtain a license.

Learn more about how to become an Elementary School Teacher >>>

As an English teacher you are required to instruct and inform students in written, verbal, and spoken language. A strong knowledge base in writing, grammar, punctuation, vocabulary, and visual literacy is imperative. English teachers work at all levels, but are predominantly found from the sixth grade through college as teachers of solely English. An English teacher is required to hold a Bachelor’s degree or higher in most states. Duties are likely to include testing, grading, student supervision, parental and peer meetings, and possibly curriculum development tasks. Salaries vary greatly from state to state and with educational levels.

Learn more about how to become an English Teacher >>>

ESL Teachers teach students to read, write and speak in English. They often focus on teaching practical words and phrases necessary for conversation in work and daily life. They may also help students to take citizenship and ESL exams. An ESL classroom typically contains students from many different countries and cultures. ESL teachers often have students at various levels of ability levels in their classes. Different strategies are used to meet the needs of an entire class or one-on-one.

• 2021 Yearly Salary (Median): $59,720
• Career Growth Average and Estimates for 2021–2031: -6% (-2,800 jobs)
• Education Requirements: ESL teachers in public schools are required to have a bachelor’s degree and a state-issued certification or license.

Learn more about how to become an ESL Teacher >>>

High school teachers generally teach students from the 9th through 12th grades and help prepare students for life after graduation, whether at the workplace or in college. While some specialize in one subject, such as science or English, others specialize in electives such as physical education or music.

• 2021 Yearly Salary (Median): $61,820 per year
• Career Growth Average and Estimates for 2021–2031: 5% (48,700 jobs)
• Education Requirements: High school teachers must have at least a bachelor’s degree. Public school teachers must also have a state-issued certification or license to teach their chosen subject.

Learn more about how to become a High School Teacher >>>

History, or Social Studies,  teachers are most likely at the middle school, high school, and college levels. A history teacher is required to teach on topics related to various historical events and periods. At some levels, specific histories are required, such as state history, foreign history, or specific time periods and eras. A history teacher is responsible for student performance, meeting with parents, peers, and administration, testing, and in some cases, extracurricular activities. A history teacher at the college level may be required to teach in a certain area as well while offering students guidance and supervision on a larger scale.

Learn more about how to become a History Teacher >>>

A kindergarten teacher teaches very young students who are typically aged five or six. A kindergarten teacher is required to supervise, assess, test, and teach students the basic skills necessary to build all future education upon. A kindergarten teacher is required to teach basic math and literacy skills while also guiding students in emotional, physical, and mental development. Kindergarten teachers are often required to help with other activities that may include supervision duties, during lunch or recess, or activities that take place outside of normal school hours. Kindergarten teachers need to be active and engaging in order to work with this age group.

Learn more about how to become a Kindergarten Teacher >>>

A mathematics teacher is responsible for teaching math skills to students at various levels. Teachers who solely teach math subjects will most likely be found in middle schools and high schools. This is one teaching area in which all grade levels can be taught depending on the type of mathematics a person desires to teach. Teaching at higher levels in specific math types, such as algebra, geometry, or statistics, will most likely require certification in that subject. Teachers are required to teach both basic and upper level concepts in a manner that is age appropriate and clear for the group in which they are assigned. Math teachers need to teach, plan, test, assess, and encourage on the daily basis to help students succeed.

Learn more about how to become a Math Teacher >>>

Middle school teachers specialize and teach in single subjects, as opposed to elementary school teachers. Middle school typically encompasses grades sixth through eighth and in some districts is called junior high and encompasses grades seven through nine. Non-teaching responsibilities include grading assignments, creating lesson plans and communicating with parents and colleagues.

• 2021 Yearly Salary (Median): $61,320 per year
• Career Growth Average and Estimates for 2021–2031: 4% (25,000 jobs)
• Required Education: Middle school teachers typically must have at least a bachelor’s degree. Public school teachers must also have a state-issued certification or license.

Learn more about how to become a Middle School Teacher >>>

A Montessori teacher is unlike the traditional teachers that most people think of when educational environments come to mind. A Montessori teacher does not ‘teach’, but provides guidance to students in a prepared environment. This allows students to find their own knowledge over time. Montessori teachers use practical, hands-on forms of guidance to allow children of all ages to discover their own abilities, strengths, and weaknesses. This may mean preparing a meal by actually cooking, peeling, chopping, etc., as opposed to reading about how to prepare a meal in a book. Though Montessori teachers can be found at all levels, early childhood ages are the most likely groups to experience this type of teaching.

Learn more about how to become a Montessori Teacher >>>

A music teacher is a teacher who teaches the basics of music theory and ability in various age groups. Music teachers at the elementary level are most likely to teach multiple age groups and offer instruction in singing on key, reading music, and appreciating basic instruments. At the middle school level a music teacher may actually be a choir director or band leader, though some extra training or classes beyond a Bachelor’s degree may be required. The same is true at the high school level though more music theory may be introduced. At the college level a music teacher is likely to teach both general music appreciation classes as well as specific skill classes based on instruments or voice.

Learn more about how to become a Music Teacher >>>

A physical education teacher is an instructor that focuses on physical development and ability in students of all ages. A PE teacher is required to teach basic skills in a variety of sports based on the age level of the student, as well as keep the students safe during such activities. Gym teachers are also expected to encourage students to stay active and healthy as part of an overall lifestyle. Physical education teachers are also required to work with fellow teachers, administrators, parents, and students to improve grades and abilities throughout for all grade and age levels.

Learn more about how to become a P.E. Teacher >>>

Preschool teachers educate and provide care to children younger than 5 years old. They focus on language, motor and social skills to young children. Play, social interaction and other techniques are used.

• 2021 Yearly Salary (Median): $30,210
• Career Growth Average and Estimates for 2021–2031: 15% (13,500 jobs)
• Educational Requirements: In public schools, preschool teachers are generally required to have at least a bachelor’s degree in early childhood education or a related field. An associates degree is required at minimum almost everywhere.

Learn more about how to become a Preschool Teacher >>>

Principals oversee all school activities and staff. They develop and maintain curriculums, manage school budgets, supplies and maintenance. They are also the public representative of their school and listen to the concerns of parents and community groups. They report to a superintendent.

• 2021 Salary (Median): $98,420 per year
• Job Growth 2021–2031: 5% (14,200 jobs)
• Required Education: Most schools require a master’s degree in education leadership or education administration. A minimum number of years of classroom teaching, varying by state, is generally required.

Learn more about how to become a Principal >>>

The title of school administrator can include roles such as principals, vice principals, instructional specialists, coordinators, and more. They lead teachers and other staff in the daily activities of a school. School administrators can be found at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. An administrator must continually evaluate a school’s progress toward goals that are often set forth by the district. This may include budgeting issues, curriculum issues, or hiring of teachers and staff. An administrator is often required to work longer hours and an extended year when compared to teaching staff. A Masters degree or higher is required for this type of position.

Learn more about how to become a School Administrator >>>

School counselors help address the psychological and social needs of school students. They do this by administering and interpreting psychological tests, making diagnoses and cooperating with teachers and parents to help access resources that a student may require. They also maintain student records such as special education reports, behavioral data and confidential records.

• 2021 Annual Median Salary: $60,510
• Projected job growth (2021-2031): 10% (32,400 jobs)
• Education Requirements: Depending on state, school counselors/psychologists usually require a master’s or doctoral degree and a license.

Learn more about how to become a School Counselor >>>

School librarians help students find information and conduct research. They are also responsible for organizing and maintaining databases as well as physical library materials. They may also help plan programs such as story time for children or literacy efforts.

• 2021 Salary (Median): $61,190
• Job Growth 2021–2031: 6% (8,000)
• Education Requirements: Librarians typically need a master’s degree in library science (MLS). School librarians and library media specialists typically need a bachelor’s or master’s degree in a related field, along with a teaching certificate; requirements vary by state.

Learn more about how to become a School Librarian >>>

A school secretary can often be the heartbeat of a school. A school secretary is often required to compile attendance, deal with students that are coming or going within the school, handling parent volunteers, and answering phones. This is in addition to keeping lunch counts, monitoring teacher attendance and substitute needs, keeping school accounting straight, and distributing important information school wide. The school secretary is often very busy from the beginning of the day to the end and tends to keep hours similar to teachers. Though a degree is not necessarily required, most secretaries hold a minimum of a Bachelors degree.

Learn more about how to become a School Secretary >>>

A science teacher is most often found at the middle, high school, or college level. Science teachers are responsible for sharing information about science in general or in a specific area such as biology, chemistry, or life sciences. Science teachers are often required to guide and conduct experiments that are age appropriate for the given classroom. Some science teachers may teach advanced placement classes in which a more intense course of study is required. College level science teachers are often much more specialized. Some science teachers at the middle and high school levels are not educated as teachers first, but in a science field, later being trained as educators.

Learn more about how to become a Science Teacher >>>

Special education teachers work with students who have learning, mental, emotional and/or physical disabilities. They may adapt general lessons to meet special needs. Special education teachers must plan activities and lessons specific to individual students’ abilities and needs. Special education teachers’ duties vary by students’ disabilities, as well as their own specializations. As a result of these multiple specializations and possible, special education teachers are employed on every level of schooling, from preschool to high-school.

• 2019 Yearly Salary (Median): $61,820
• Career Growth Average and Estimates for 2021–2031: 4% (20,600 jobs)
• Required Education: Special education teachers in public schools are required to have a bachelor’s degree and a state-issued certification or license.

Learn more about how to become a Special Education Teacher >>>

Substitute teachers act as temporary replacements when regular classroom teachers have to call in sick or take personal days. They typically use the lesson plans established by the schoolteacher, although some may have a say in the classes or grade levels they agree to cover in some schools and districts. They are typically paid an hourly rate.

• 2022 Yearly Salary (Median): $42,680
• Career Growth Average and Estimates for 2021–2031: 8% (15,900 jobs)
• Education Requirements: Employers typically require a bachelor’s degree.

Learn more about how to become a Substitute Teacher >>>

Superintendents are responsible for the management and administration of a number of public schools or of a school district. School principals in a district report to the superintendent, who takes their direction from the school board and must address the interests of the students, parents, teachers and community groups.

• 2021 Salary (Median): Not available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
• Job Growth 2021–2031: Not available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
• Education Requirements: varies by state, but a minimum of a master’s degree is generally required. Some districts require classroom experience, while others do not.

Learn more about how to become a Superintendent >>>

Teachers’ assistants, also called teacher aides , instructional aides , or paraprofessionals , work with or under the guidance of a licensed teacher. They provide support and feedback to teachers and help monitor progress. Some teacher assistants only work with special education students.

• 2021 Yearly Salary (Median): $29,360
• Career Growth Rate for 2021–2031: 5% (62,100 jobs)
• Required Education: Teacher assistants in public schools need at least 2 years of college coursework or an associate’s degree, or pass a state or local assessment.

Learn more about how to become a Teaching Assistant >>>

Vice Principals act as interim principals if the principal is on leave. They support the principal in administrative work and are involved with matters of student discipline, inventory, supervision of logistics such as lunch and bus schedules.

• 2021 Salary and Growth: Bureau of Labor Statistics does not separate this data from that of principals: $98,420.
• Job Growth 2021–2031: 5% (14,200 jobs) (BLS does not separate this data from that of school principals)
• Required Education: Most districts require that assistant principals have, or are working towards, a master’s degree in education administration or leadership. As with principals, most states also require a minimum number of years in a classroom.

(Salary data for elementary , middle-school and high-school teachers reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in May 2019. Figures represent state data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Information accessed June 2023.)

Learn more about how to become a Vice Principal >>>

Education Careers – Jobs, Salaries & Education Requirements

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Updated October 11, 2023

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Are you ready to discover your college program?

Teachers are an essential part of our society — and they have more career options than most people realize.

It's a common misconception that graduates with teaching degrees can only become teachers. In fact, the education sector offers a variety of careers besides teaching, including administrative careers like instructional coordinator, archivist, or librarian. Many education careers require a postsecondary education, and they all depend on strong interpersonal skills.

This page covers information about unique education careers, including employment growth and salary rates for each. You can also look through our career guide to learn more about job options, education requirements, and salaries for non-education careers.

See also: What Can You Do With an Education Degree?

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Adult basic and secondary education and esl teachers, what they do.

Adult literacy teachers and GED instructors work with adults and teens not in school who need help learning basic skills like reading and writing. They can also be English language teachers, working with students who speak another language natively. Their students are usually working toward an adult GED or high school diploma.

These instructors evaluate student strengths and weaknesses, then develop lesson plans to help them. They may be generalist teachers or they may focus on teaching specific skill sets. They also help their students find jobs in the community after graduation.

Education and Certifications

Most states require a bachelor's degree and a teaching license or certification to become an adult literacy teacher or GED instructor.

Previous instructing experience or an advanced degree, such as a master's degree , can also help. In particular, a master's concentration in English as a second language (ESL) or English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) can come in handy.

Most adult literacy teachers and GED instructors must take continuing education classes to stay current with new developments and renew their teaching certifications.

Archivists research, protect, and document artefacts of historical value or significance. This can include historical documents, like the Declaration of Independence, or entertainment history, such as the original reel of The Wizard of Oz. Archivist careers can also include working with specific media, such as digital records, manuscripts, photographs, and sound recordings.

Archivists often use electronic devices and computer programs to make accessing and protecting historical manuscripts and documents faster and easier. They need to be talented researchers with attention to detail and a love of historical documentation. Many archives technicians also organize educational tours, conferences, and classes for museums and historical sites.

People interested in an archivist career typically need a bachelor or master of library science , a master or bachelor of history degree , or a bachelor's degree in a related field. However, some employers require a more specific master's degree, such as a master of archives and records administration (MARA), as well as volunteer and internship experience. Some archival roles require advanced degrees in specific fields, such as computer science or medicine.

Archives technicians with at least a master's degree and work experience can obtain the Certified Archivist credential. They must also pass a written exam offered through the Academy of Certified Archivists.

A doctorate help an archivist gain management positions. Workshops and additional continuing educational classes also help archivists advance in their careers.

Career and Technical Education Teachers

Career and technical education teachers prepare students to enter a particular occupation, such as healthcare, cosmetology, or agriculture. They may also work with school districts and employers to develop educational programs that work with actual businesses, or they may work at a technical college or school.

A typical day for these teachers includes coordinating lessons plans, teaching students through hands-on learning assignments and tests, grading papers, and assessing student strengths and weaknesses. They also work with local employers to coordinate internships for students.

Requirements for education, work experience, and licensing vary by state, but most states require a bachelor's degree from an accredited teacher program and a minimum number of student teaching hours.

All public school educators need a state-issued certificate or license, and many teachers need a degree in the field they plan to teach. Private school educators typically don't need a license.

Most states and districts require teachers to take continuing education classes to keep their teaching licenses. They may also require career teachers and technical education teachers to earn a master's degree following certification.

Career teachers and technical education teachers can use an advanced degree, work experience, or certifications to become principals, counselors, or community college instructors.

Curators, Museum Technicians, and Conservators

Museum technicians, museum curators, and museum conservators have extensive knowledge of art, business, archeology, and history, as well as an eye for detail and art studio training. Museum curators manage the business side of museums, including buying, inspecting, storing, and evaluating the authenticity of collections.

Meanwhile, a museum technician answers questions from the public and takes care of the collections owned by or loaned to the institution. Conservators preserve, restore, research, and document artifacts and works of art. This work requires specialized laboratory skills, like chemical and microscopic analysis. Museum conservators also conduct educational programs and write research articles.

People seeking a museum curator career or a museum conservator career typically need a master's degree. However, some employers hire curators with only a bachelor's degree and work experience. Conservators typically need substantial experience and a degree in conservation or something similar, though volunteer roles are often available with lower barriers to entry.

A museum technician usually needs a bachelor's degree and many years of work experience, usually in designing museum exhibits. Museum curators with several years of experience, research, and published articles can advance into roles like museum director.

Health Educators

Health educators collect and analyze population data to identify community needs, then plan, implement, and monitor programs to encourage a healthy lifestyle. This can include working with individuals or developing community programming to encourage healthy decision-making at all ages.

Health education specialists can be generalists or they can focus on particular groups, like children, families, the elderly, or people with a particular condition, such as heart disease or diabetes. Some community health professionals also work training other healthcare workers.

Health educators need at least a bachelor's in health education or promotion or something similar. Most programs for health education specialists include an internship. Some federal government and state public health education jobs require a master's degree, such as a master of health education or a master of public health degree .

Some employers prefer to hire certified health education specialists. These are entry-level health educators who have earned a special credential. To maintain certification, health educators must complete 75 hours of continuing education every five years. Community health educators can also pursue apprenticeships.

High School Teachers

High school teachers work with students in 9th-12th grade to prepare them for careers or going to college after high school. These teachers need excellent communication and listening skills, a great deal of patience, and a desire to make a difference in teenagers' lives. High school teachers typically specialize in a particular subject, like math or English.

High school teachers must plan lessons in line with administrative, state, and national curriculum objectives; support students through personal and academic difficulties; and enforce school rules both in and out of the classroom. High school teachers also monitor and report student strengths and weaknesses through regular tests and exams, parent conferences, and report cards.

Public high school teachers need a bachelor's degree in one or more content areas, such as English or science, as well as a state-issued license or certificate. In most states, high school teachers must attend continuing education classes to maintain their certifications. However, high school teachers in private schools typically don't need certification.

While earning their college degrees, aspiring high school teachers also gain classroom experience through teacher assistant placements in local schools. In some states, a master's degree may also be necessary for certification.

To advance to an administrative role, such as a principal or assistant principal , high school teachers typically need a master's degree and significant teaching experience. Some teachers go on to become high school counselors or instructional coordinators .

Instructional Coordinators

Instructional coordinators design, implement, assess, and improve school districts' teaching and curriculum standards. They set high standards for education and ensure that students are getting the help they need.

Instructional coordinators correct curriculum issues, instruct professional development classes, and update teaching techniques to improve learning outcomes. This can include organizing teacher-training conferences that cover topics like how to use instructional materials or overall classroom teaching methods. They sometimes work with specific grade levels or specialties, such as math or special education.

Instructional coordinators also monitor teachers, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses, and make recommendations about educational materials, supplies, and methods. They work closely with other educational administrators and school committees.

Instructional coordinators need a master's in education and a state license. In many school districts, they must also specialize in a particular field or grade level, such as secondary math or language arts. They typically have previous experience as a teacher or educational administrator.

Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers

Kindergarten and elementary school teachers work with young students to teach them fundamental skills like writing, reading, and math. They also help children develop good social skills.

Elementary school teachers plan lessons, help students develop learning skills, monitor students for physical, social, and emotional health, and enforce classroom rules. They also record student progress through regular tests, parent conferences, and report cards.

Elementary school teachers usually educate children up to fourth or fifth grade, though some elementary schools go as high as sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. Many elementary teachers also work with special education teachers to help children with special needs or learning disabilities.

Most kindergarten and elementary school teachers need a bachelor's degree and a state-issued teaching license. However, private school teachers usually don't need certifications. In many states, kindergarten and elementary school teachers must major in a specific subject area, such as math or reading, though they usually teach several subjects. They also need student teaching experience.

Most states require teachers to take continuing education classes to remain certified. Some schools may also require kindergarten teachers and elementary school teachers to have a master's degree , especially if they want to advance in their careers.

Elementary teachers can also use advanced education, such as a master's in education administration , to pursue an administrative role like principal or curriculum coordinator.

Libraries are constantly changing and evolving as services like e-borrowing, e-books, and apps gain popularity. Librarians help people conduct research and navigate through books, reference materials, multi-media sources, and database technology. Librarians must love books and multimedia and have excellent communication, research, organization, technology, and people skills.

Librarians can work in many settings, including educational institutions, museums, libraries, companies, and government agencies. They may organize data, conduct research, curate library collections, or plan library events and children's activities. Librarians also manage budgetary issues, staff training, and purchasing new equipment.

People interested in a librarian career typically need a master's degree, often called a master's in library science (MLS) degree , which takes 1-2 years to complete.

To enter a master in library science program, students need a bachelor's degree and prerequisite coursework. Certification laws vary by state, but most institutions require certification — especially for school librarians.

To work in legal sectors and corporate institutions, a librarian may substitute a MLS degree with a master's or Ph.D. in a relevant subject area, like paralegal studies.

Library Technicians and Assistants

Library technicians and assistants work with librarians to manage libraries more efficiently. They help patrons navigate reference materials, library catalogues, audiovisual equipment, and other library resources.

Library technicians and library assistants also renew and circulate books, organize and process library materials, distribute library cards, and assist with special projects. Library technicians have more responsibilities than library assistants, though both are considered entry-level careers.

Most institutions prefer library technicians and assistants to have a postsecondary certification or teaching credentials, especially if a candidate is applying for a position like school library technician. Common degrees in this role include an associate degree in library technology, an associate in library technician degree, or a library technician certificate. However, smaller libraries may hire library assistants with only a high school education.

Taking on additional responsibilities can help library technicians and assistants advance to supervisory or administrative positions. However, to become librarians, they will need a master's degree in library science .

Middle School Teachers

Middle school teachers, also known as junior high school teachers, work with students in grades 6-8 — and sometimes up to grade nine — helping them transition from elementary school to high school.

Middle school teachers plan lessons in line with curriculum objectives, working closely with students to develop skills. They usually specialize in a single subject area. Middle school teachers also monitor student's social and emotional health, enforce rules both in and out of the classroom, and report student strengths and weaknesses through regular tests, webpage bulletins, parent conferences, and report cards.

Many junior high school teachers also work with special education departments to assist children with special needs and learning disabilities.

Middle school teachers need a bachelor's degree and a state-issued license or certificate. In many states, middle school teachers must major in the topic they intend to teach, like science, math, or English. Middle school teachers also need student teaching experience.

Most states require teachers to take continuing education classes to remain certified. However, middle school teachers at private schools usually don't need certification. Some schools may require a master's degree .

Through advanced training, education, or certification, junior high school teachers can advance into administrative roles, such as principals and assistant principals . They also can become lead teachers or instructional coordinators.

Postsecondary Education Administrators

Postsecondary education administrators keep colleges and universities running. They oversee student services, academics, and research. They usually work in one specific department, so job responsibilities vary.

Administrators working in admissions determine which students receive acceptance. They may travel the country to speak with high school counselors and students, answering their questions. They may also work in the financial aid department, helping students.

Administrators working in the registrar's office maintains student and course records. They help students register for classes stay on track to graduate. Postsecondary education administrators in the registrar office also plan commencement ceremonies.

Administrators working in student affairs oversee nonacademic school functions, such as student athletics, clubs, and multicultural affairs. Students visit the student affairs offices for advice on housing, personal issues, or academics.

Some postsecondary education administrators are called "provosts." They work with college presidents, helping develop academic policies. Provosts may also assist with faculty appointments, tenure decisions, and managing budgets.

Most postsecondary education administrator positions require at least a master's degree, like a social work , accounting , or marketing degree. Those seeking high-level positions need a Ph.D. either in higher education or in a subject they previously taught as a professor.

There are no specific certifications or licenses for postsecondary education administrators, but many employers — particularly in the registrar's office — do require work experience.

Postsecondary Teachers

Postsecondary teachers instruct college students, helping them earn a degree or learn a trade or profession. Postsecondary teachers often conduct research and write for academic journals, too.

Postsecondary teachers specialize in particular subjects. Some focus on core subjects of liberal arts programs. Others teach career-specific skills, training students to pursue roles like lawyer, nurses, culinary arts expert, or engineer.

Postsecondary teachers working for universities usually work on research and applying for grants to fund their work. Increasingly, a postsecondary teaching career can also mean teaching online courses.

Postsecondary teachers at four-year schools usually need a doctoral degree in their subject area. Junior and community colleges hire teachers with a master's degree, especially for adjunct positions. Experience or certification can lead to a postsecondary teaching career at a technical or trade school.

Postsecondary teachers often seek tenure, which requires research, critical reviews, and published work. Tenured professors are guaranteed employment and often make higher salaries than their non-tenured peers. Tenured postsecondary teachers can pursue administrative posts, such as dean or president.

Preschool and Childcare Center Directors

Preschool and childcare center directors work directly with children while also overseeing staff and daily activities, planning lessons and activities, and managing budgets. They are responsible for hiring staff members and providing training and professional development opportunities for staff members. Childcare center directors also set program policies for staff to follow.

When conflicts arise between children, a preschool directorwill often assist staff in resolving it. This can involve contacting parents and explaining the situation. Directors also regularly speak with parents about the overall progress of their children.

Directors also ensure that the facility they manage is clean, safe, and meets state regulations. When relevant, they are also responsible for ensuring they meet the standards of the parent organization. If the preschool or childcare center receives state and federal funding, the director must ensure the program meets state and federal guidelines.

Preschool or childcare center directors need a license in every state, though education requirements vary. Some states require only a high school diploma or associate degree, while others mandate a bachelor of early childhood education . Most preschool and childcare center directors need previous work experience in early childhood education.

In some states, childcare center directors need a nationally recognized certification. For example, many states require the Child Development Associate (CDA) certification offered through the Council for Professional Recognition. Some states also recognize the Child Care Professional (CCP) designation through the Nation Early Childhood Program Accreditation.

Preschool Teachers

Preschool teachers help children develop a positive attitude about school and learn how to be in a classroom. Daily tasks include organizing activities to promote physical, mental, and social development. This may mean reading books to entire classes, teaching basic science or social concepts, and evaluating children's behavior, social development, and physical health.

Preschool teachers help students learn basic skills, such as personal hygiene, social skills, and recognizing colors, shapes, numbers, and letters.

Educational requirements for preschool teachers vary by school and state. They may need only a high school diploma and certification, or they may need a bachelor's degree. Preschool teachers in public schools need a license to teach early childhood education, which usually requires a bachelor's degree and passing a competency exam, as well as taking continuing education courses to maintain licensure. Private schools often don't require licensure.

Some states and schools require preschool teachers to have a nationally recognized certification. These usually require a high school diploma, experience in the field, and prerequisite coursework.

Entry-level preschool teachers can advance from assistant teacher to teacher to lead teacher, which means being responsible for several classes. A preschool teacher with a bachelor's degree can often teach up to third grade. Teaching higher grades requires more education.

School and Career Counselors

School counselors get to know students and help them develop social skills and succeed in school. School career counselors help students choose a career or educational program, guiding them through employment, vocational, or college options.

In most states, school counselors need a master of school counseling degree or a master's degree in a related field. For career counselors, employers prefer a master's in counseling with a focus on career development. Many master's programs also require supervised experience, such as an internship.

School counselors need state-issued credentials — sometimes called certifications or endorsements. Most states require criminal background checks. While few employers require licenses for high school career counselors, those working in private practice must have a license. Licensure requires a master's degree and 2,000-3,000 hours of supervised clinical experience, as well as passing grades on a state-recognized exam and annual continuing education.

Self-Enrichment Teachers

Self-enrichment teachers instruct students in specialty areas like art, music, foreign language, or sports. Some of the classes cover academic subjects, such as literature and history; others focus on life skills, such as cooking, personal finance, and time management. Still others focus on recreation, like photography, pottery, and painting. In religious schools, self-enrichment teachers may teach marriage preparation or religious education.

Self-enrichment teachers sometimes offer private instruction, but they usually work in classroom settings. They may also work with adults. Self-enrichment teachers may work with a student for just one or two sessions or for several years.

In many cases, self-enrichment teachers don't need a degree or certification, though they do need expertise in their subject area. Formal education is more important for self-enrichment teachers focusing on academic subjects, like music or a foreign language. Those working in public schools do need a formal education — usually including a bachelor's or master's degree — and teaching licensure.

Special Education Teachers

Special education teachers work one-on-one or in group settings with students who have mental, emotional, physical, or developmental disabilities. When working with students who have mild or moderate disabilities, special education teachers design educational strategies to suit each student's needs. For people with more severe challenges, a special education teacher focuses on developing basic literacy, communication, math, and life skills.

Some special education teachers specialize in a specific disability, such as deafness, blindness, or a developmental disability, like Down syndrome. Special education teachers work at all levels of the education system.

Public schools require special education teachers to have a bachelor's degree and a certificate or license issued by the state. Many states require special education teachers to have a master's degree .

Certification requirements for special education teachers vary, but they often include student teaching periods and professional development classes. Increasingly, states also require a background check and fingerprinting.

Special education teachers with experience can become lead teachers, guiding new special education teachers to improve their skills. With advanced education, they can become school counselors or instructional coordinators . Some special education teachers become principals or administrators .

Teacher Assistants

Teacher assistants provide extra attention and instruction for students in classroom settings. They work under the supervision of an experienced teacher, delivering direct services to students or parents. The teachers who supervise assistant teachers are responsibile for the design and implementation of educational plans, while the assistants help with maintaining order and educating students.

Requirements and job titles vary between school districts, but teacher assistants usually need a high school diploma or equivalent. Some districts require at least two years of college or an associate degree. Teacher aides who work in schools with Title 1 programs must have at least a two-year degree, two years of college, or pass a state or local assessment.

Common degrees for teaching assistants include an associate in educational assistance - paraprofessional degree, an associate in early childhood education, or an associate in elementary education.

Most states require teaching assistants to complete a skills-based test to work with special needs students. Some school districts require all teacher assistants to have national certification.

Common Questions About Education Careers

What are the best jobs in education.

Teaching or professor positions, where professionals get to work directly with students, are the most popular jobs in education. However, what job is the best depends on each person's interests and career goals.

What Job in Education Makes the Most Money?

Postsecondary education administrators — including college provosts or presidents — make the most out of any education career. The median salary for these administrators in 2020 was $97,500 .

What Is the Highest Job in Education?

Administrative positions are the highest jobs in educational institution. This can include school principals and college presidents, but it also includes superintendents and instructional coordinators.

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