geography essay questions and answers

How to master A Level Geography 20-mark essay questions

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As we run up to exam season, many of you will now be completing your NEAs (non-examined assessment) and exam content, and starting to focus on exam technique. You may be thinking about how you will tackle the dreaded 20-mark essay questions . Essay questions are very much like marmite for students. Some love them as they get the chance to explore key geographic theories and showcase their knowledge and understanding, which may not be possible in lower-stakes questions. However, others may struggle to formulate their geographic ideas or structure them in a way that makes a convincing argument.

In my experience, all A Level geography students must be systematic and structured in the way they write their long-form answers. This approach ensures that students cover all the necessary content while also demonstrating the geographic skills that examiners are assessing.

Examiners use both AO1 and AO2 to evaluate students in essay questions. AO1 requires students to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of places, environments, concepts, processes, interactions and change at various scales. AO2 deals with the application of knowledge and understanding in different contexts to interpret, analyse, and evaluate geographical information and issues. The strongest students can produce answers that balance the two aspects in their responses. If you weigh your answers too far toward knowledge recall and simply state facts, figures, and case study knowledge without doing anything with the knowledge (this is where command words are essential), you will not be able to achieve the highest levels described in the level descriptors.

What should I do before attempting an A Level Geography 20-mark essay question?

Before you attempt essay questions, I suggest you take a look at the mark schemes for some past paper questions. It is important to focus on the level descriptors as these are what the examiners will use to assess your answers. Pay attention to the language they use to describe what they are looking for, and when you start your attempts, consider whether your language and writing style match the descriptors. The exam board mark schemes are available on the PMT A Level Geography past papers webpage .

Another place to look before attempting essay questions is the assessed sample answers produced by the exam boards (e.g. AQA Paper 1 Hazards Example Responses ). These are available on the exam board websites and show a range of pupil responses to exam questions. They come with a helpful commentary that explains how the pupils gained marks, highlights the importance of a well-structured response, and provides insight into what examiners are looking for when assessing your answers.

Where to start – command words

As mentioned above, it is very important for students to be systematic in their approach to answering 20 markers. The first thing students need to understand is the command word . Without knowledge of what the command word means and what it is asking you to do, you will not be able to fully engage with the question. To find out the meaning of different command words , you should visit your exam board’s website and look in the specification.

Essay questions tend to use the command words “to what extent” or “assess” . According to AQA, if the question includes the “to what extent” command word, you should “Consider several options, ideas or arguments and come to a conclusion about their importance/success/worth”. On the other hand, if it is an “assess” question, you should “use evidence to weigh up the options to determine the relative significance of something. Give balanced consideration to all factors and identify which are the most important.”

BUG the question

Command words can help guide you in how to structure your answers and the skills you need to exhibit. During KS3 and KS4, you may have been told to BUG the question, where B stands for box the command work , U for underline key terms , and G for glance back at the question .

I would encourage all A Level students to continue to use this strategy, even for longer essay questions. It will help ensure that you are answering the question you are being asked, rather than the question you wish you were being asked.

Should I plan an A Level Geography 20-mark essay?

Failure to prepare is preparing to fail.

It is crucial for all students to plan their essay writing before they start answering a question. An essay question requires you to write for a sustained period, and if you don’t have a clear plan for what you’re going to write, you may lose focus on your points and arguments and not fully answer the question.

I suggest that all A Level students write a brief plan before attempting the question . This plan should outline the introduction, including key terms to define and any case studies to introduce, the main argument in each of your paragraphs, and finally, the contents of your conclusion. Spending just five minutes on this will save you time in the long run and help keep you on track to answering the question fully.

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How should I structure an A Level Geography 20-mark essay?

A good structure is key to success in essay writing. A clear structure enables you to answer the question coherently and reduces the chance that you will lose the key focus of your points. All of the exam boards recommend following the structure outlined below:

Introduction

• Main body of the answer (three to four key arguments)

In academia, this is sometimes known as the hourglass essay . An hourglass essay starts with a big idea, narrows down to a specific question, and then widens back out to explain why that specific question is important in the grand scheme of things.

The introduction of your essay should account for approximately 10% of the total essay length , and it’s an excellent opportunity for you to impress the examiner. Your essay introduction should give a broad view of the essay themes and provide a definition of the key terms that you have underlined in your question. It is also the place to introduce a case study location . A strong start to your essay is crucial as it demonstrates to the examiner that you have a clear understanding of the geographic content you’ve been studying.

Once you have written your introduction, you can then get on to answering the questions. While the introduction mainly covers AO1 (knowledge and understanding of geography), the main body of your answer should cover both AO1 and AO2 (analysis and evaluation in the application of knowledge and understanding).

As before, the way you structure the main body of your answer is very important, and you must form your points clearly and coherently. During my teaching and tutoring, I have seen many ways of forming these arguments/points, but the two most effective methods I have seen are using PEEL or PEACE paragraphs .

• E xplanation
• A pplication

Everyone is different, and everyone has their unique writing style. My advice to all A Level students is to try both methods when beginning to tackle essay questions and determine which one works best for you. I would also recommend completing PEEL/PEACE paragraphs and asking for feedback from your teacher or tutor.

The main body of the essay should consist of three to four arguments that cover the views for the specific question. Those who can link back to the question but also between their paragraphs will have the best chance of performing well in their essay questions.

After completing the main body, you now need to finish your essay with a conclusion. Just like the introduction, this should be roughly 10% of the total essay length . The main aim of the conclusion is to bring your essay to a close and essentially answer the question you have been asked. In the conclusion, you should summarise your argument and avoid introducing any new information . It is simply a chance to express your own thoughts and opinions while bringing your essay to a close.

The quality of a conclusion is often a key indicator of the overall quality of an essay. Although it is a short section of the whole piece of writing, it provides a platform to showcase several important geographic skills such as analysis, summarising, and creating synoptic links .

Overall, it is very important that you give yourself enough time to complete your essay questions during your examinations and that you follow the structures discussed above. If you follow these guidelines, you will see an improvement in the quality of your essay responses.

If you’re in Year 13 and in need of additional help, PMT Education runs Geography A Level Easter Crash Courses for AQA and Edexcel . Whether you need support with exam technique or want to revise key sections of the syllabus with the help of an experienced tutor, these courses will equip you with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to excel in your summer exams.

Dave is a qualified teacher with 10 years of experience teaching GCSE and A Level Geography. He has worked as an assistant faculty leader for Humanities and a professional mentor for new and trainee teachers. He has also been involved with the supervision and guidance of NEAs. Dave currently works in higher education and trains geography teachers across the North West of England. He is also a tutor at PMT Education , with experience running highly successful geography courses.

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WAEC Geography Questions and Answers 2022 Objective and Essay

Waec geography 2022 answers. waec geography questions and answers 2022/2023 objective and essay. see the 2022 waec geography answers for both objective and theory below. get the waec geography objective and essay answers here. the 2022 waec obj and theory questions and answers are provided here for free. all you have to do is to […] the post waec geography questions and answers 2022 objective and essay appeared first on study forum..

WAEC Geography 2022 answers. WAEC Geography questions and answers 2022/2023 objective and essay. See the 2022 WAEC Geography answers for both objective and theory below. Get the WAEC Geography objective and essay answers here.

The 2022 WAEC OBJ and theory questions and answers are provided here for free. All you have to do is to go through the questions and take note of the WAEC Geography answers 2022. Read on to find out.

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WAEC Geography Questions and Answers 2022 Essay and Objective

The West Africa Examinations Council (WAEC) is an examination body in Nigeria that conducts the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination and the General Certificate in Education in May/June and November/December respectively.

The 2022 WAEC Geography questions are set from SS1 to SS3 Geography syllabus. So all the questions you will encounter in this year’s examination are in the syllabus, and nearly 90% of the questions are repeated.

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The 2022 WAEC Geography answers will be posted here. Be patient. Keep checking and reloading this page for the correct answers. WAEC 2022 Geography answers loading…….

There is nothing like WAEC Geography Expo 2022 online. All students are advised to avoid all patronizing online fraudsters/vendors who claim to provide such services.

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250 Geography Essay Topics & Geology Writing Ideas

The Earth is a complex system. To understand it, geologists examine the lithosphere and its layers. They trace our planet’s history by using physical and chemical methods.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

At the same time, geographers observe environmental patterns. They also focus on the interaction between humans and nature. Keep reading to find out more about these disciplines and choose a paper topic.

In this article by custom writing experts, you’ll find good ideas for a paper on physical, economic, world, and human geography, and geology essay topics as a bonus. We hope that the topics from our collection will help you to write an interesting argumentative essay, thesis, or dissertation. They will also be suitable for a presentation on geography.

• 🔝 Top 10 Topics
• ✅ Geology & Geography Research Areas
• 🌍 World Geography Topics
• 🧑🗺️ Human Geography
• 🏞️ Cultural Geography
• ✈️ Movement Topics
• 🏛️ Places & Locations
• 🌱🌎 Ecological Geography
• 🌐 Global Interdependence
• 🌋 Geology Topics

🔝 Top 10 Geography Essay Topics

• History of hydrology
• Different types of geodesy
• Geomorphology vs. geology
• The goals of landscape ecology
• How does geography affect culture?
• The environmental impact of tourism
• What impact do humans have on the coast?
• What geographic factors affect biodiversity?
• Benno Werlen’s contribution to social geography
• The difference between climatology and meteorology

✅ Geology & Geography Research Areas

Geology is a science that analyzes the Earth. It uncovers our planet’s history as well as its properties. Some of its applications include:

• Preparing for natural disasters.
• Searching for and extracting oil and other fossil fuels.
• Finding metal and gems as well as sources for groundwater.
• Helping constructors avoid high-risk tectonic plate areas.
• Examining other terrestrial bodies.

Now, what about geography? Simply put, it’s the study of the Earth’s physical features. It is also concerned with the impact humans have on the environment.

Geography can be divided into five themes. These are location , place , human-environment interaction , movement , and regions . Let’s take a closer look:

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• Location Any geographical feature has coordinates. They can be found on a map. You can also define a location relative to another one. For example, the Pyrenees divide France and Spain .
• Place Places tell us what we find in a particular area. They incorporate physical as well as human characteristics. These features vary and distinguish one place from another.
• Human-Environment Relations The dynamic relationship between people and their surroundings affect our planet’s geography.
• Movement Humans generate movement by way of travel, interaction, and communication. It can also be created by physical processes, such as currents or plate tectonics.
• Regions Regions such as countries can have clear borders. They can also gradually merge into something else, like deserts. Natural and social factors define regional boundaries.

That being said, these five themes don’t represent a clear cut distinction. Nonetheless, they give you a great outline of possible subjects. Keep in mind that they are all interconnected! And with this basic knowledge, we can now move on to our diverse topics.

🌍 World Geography Essay Topics

Geographical topics don’t have to be limited to your own country. From the Antarctic to the Caribbean, world geography covers the entire globe. With this section, you can choose to write about any region:

• Will California ever fall into the ocean?
• Why is Canada’s landscape so diverse?
• Describe the geography of Liechtenstein.
• Say what distinguishes the world’s highest mountain peaks.
• How does Indonesia’s volcanic activity affect the country?
• Find differences between the polar regions.
• Why are there no deserts in Europe?
• Compare the various climate zones in Russia.
• What does Polynesia look like?
• How does the Sahara Desert influence the African climate?
• Explain the peculiarities of the Bermuda Triangle .
• Which countries border the Mediterranean Sea?
• Describe the climate in Chad.
• Compare the agriculture in the state of Georgia and Georgia, the country.
• What does Iceland’s landscape look like?
• Analyze what influences Norway’s vegetation.
• Why are there no rivers in Saudi Arabia ?
• Investigate how wind turbines impact Germany’s environment.
• What makes Hawaii geographically unique?
• Examine the type of flora found in Greece .

• What is winter like in Chile ?
• Why does Greenland have so much snow?
• Describe the agriculture in Madagascar .
• Explain the geographical features of Socotra Island.
• How does the South China Sea influence Vietnam’s landscape?
• What are the Paracel Islands?
• Write about animals that are native to Paraguay.
• Discuss Mexico’s distinctive geographical features.
• Why is fishing so popular in Japan ?
• How did the Scottish Highlands form?

🧑🗺️ Human Geography Essay Questions

Human geography is a multidimensional field. It consists of cultural, political, and historical studies. They all examine people’s interactions with each other and their environment. In doing so, they use geographical concepts of space, scale, and mobility.

• Cyprus is governed by both Turkey and Greece. How does it affect the country?
• Examine the role of humans in animal extinction .
• What does the Nigerian economic landscape look like?
• Describe the most pressing issues related to Libya’s social geography.
• How did French voting patterns change over time?
• What currently drives the economic change in the US?
• Compare Chinese and Lebanese markets.
• Explain how nations determine their borders.
• What determines the norms of social behavior in public spaces?
• Explore the link between poor education and crime.
• Identify factors that cause a nation’s demographic to change.
• Compare the distribution of religious groups in urban vs. rural areas.
• What does the social fabric in your community consist of?
• Trace how the Spanish Flu spread over the world.
• Examine the consequences of urbanization .
• How did humans adapt to sweltering weather?
• Describe how people live in the world’s coldest regions.
• What makes a place exceptionally livable?
• How do human actions impact the occurrence of natural disasters ?
• Explain how the 2010 volcano eruption influenced Europe’s economy.
• What are the problems related to overpopulation ?
• Compare the different types of Australian agriculture.
• How did the settlement pattern in Asia change over time?
• In what ways has humanity affected the environment so far?
• What are the typical problems of rural areas ?

• Explain the concept of the Last Frontier.
• Determine the legacy of Manifest Destiny .
• How did positivism influence human geography?
• What did Herodotus say about the forming of the Nile River delta?
• Prove that we need geography to understand history.

🏞️ Cultural Geography Paper Topics

How is culture linked to a particular place? That’s the central question of cultural geography. It also studies how we build identities and communicate knowledge. Have a look at our list to gain deeper insight into the topic:

• Compare how cultures differ in German-speaking countries.
• What is the connection between food and geography?
• What does the term “cultural turn” mean?
• How do geographical features influence cultural development?
• Explain how your home country shapes your identity.
• Discover how the invention of the wheel changed societies.
• Explore how cultural techniques vary from country to country.
• According to Walter Benjamin , how did technology change the way we see art?
• Describe the most remarkable societal change in your community.
• What does gentrification mean?
• Discuss the relevance of multilingualism in the globalized world .
• How does culture evolve in remote places, such as Amazon?
• Identify the impact colonialism had on African religion.
• What were the cultural reasons for the Nigeria-Biafra war?
• How does a country’s landscape influence architecture?
• Find examples of cultures crossing each other’s boundaries.
• What are the reasons for the rise of nationalism in 20th century Europe?
• Explore the connection between landscape and politics across Africa.
• Compare various ways to communicate knowledge.
• What are the goals of feminist geography?
• Why do we need cultural diversity ?
• How did Guinea’s culture change after the French colonization?
• Examine how tourism affects culture.
• How are traditions established?
• Find a connection between nations and their music.
• Define the term “ sense of place .”
• How did post-structuralism influence the study of geography?
• Discuss how the internet shaped our idea of a community.
• Where does cultural geography originate from?
• Analyze how a matriarchal society works.

✈️ Geography Essay Topics about Movement

Everyone knows that we humans move a lot. Movement, however, is not only about the way people travel. Immaterial objects such as services and ideas are also parts of the equation. Below, we have collected 30 exciting subjects for your essay:

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• Describe the advantages of the Metropa project.
• How can we make freight transportation more environmentally friendly?
• What influences your travel behavior?
• Evaluate public transportation in the US.
• What causes people to migrate?

• Compare Columbus’ journeys with those of James Cook.
• How did geographical explorations change over time?
• Analyze the recent changes in forced displacement on a global scope.
• What are the different types of tectonic movement?
• How do volcanoes form new islands?
• Trace the route traveled by Amerigo Vespucci.
• How do countries plan their transport networks?
• What causes hurricanes ?
• Give examples of everyday movement.
• What are the consequences of landslides?
• How does the moon cause tides?
• Talk about the advantages of being a nomad.
• Explain the causes of coastal erosion.
• How can we predict earthquakes ?
• Analyze the gravity model of trade.
• What does the central place theory state?
• How do beaches lose sand?
• What factors made humans start to settle?
• Describe the historical importance of mercantilism.
• Compare the life of a Bedouin with that of a modern-day digital nomad.
• Give examples of energy induced movements.
• Explain the term “Information Revolution.”
• How do tsunamis form?
• Trace the history of telecommunication .
• Describe how news spread .

🏛️ Geography Paper Topics on Places & Locations

You know by now that places and locations are not the same. Locations simply tell us where something is. At the same time, places incorporate various elements, such as climate and soil. Furthermore, while a location is fixed, a place can change over time. Technological or cultural factors influence such transformations.

• How did the Niagara Falls form? 
• Describe the types of deserts. 
• Explore the origins of the Chara Sands. 
• What would happen if the Great Barrier Reef vanishes? 
• Compare the soil in the Kalahari and the Mojave Desert. 
• Explain what causes climate variations. 
• What is the Rift Valley? 
• How does the Gulf Stream influence the climate in various countries? 
• Discuss the importance of the Panama Canal . 
• Define an archipelago. 
• What is Stonehenge’s location? 
• Compare the San Andreas Fault and the Ring of Fire. 
• What are the main types of topography? 
• Trace the history of the Alsace region in France. 
• Explain the difference between location, locale, locality, and place. 
• What influences climate in the US? 
• Define the term “evapotranspiration.” 
• What information do you get when you examine soil? 
• Why are historical sites important? 
• How does the location of a city influence its vegetation? 
• Explain the water cycle . 
• Compare different types of maps. 
• Why can two cities at the same latitude have different climates? 
• What happens to an ecosystem if its soil gets polluted ? 
• How do rivers shape landscapes? 
• What are the long-term effects of deforestation ? 
• Explain why some places are more densely populated than others. 
• Find various ways to define a location. 
• Why do maps made in different countries look unlike each other? 
• Analyze the importance of solstices. 

🌱🌎 Ecology-Related Geography Paper Topics

Geography is a highly interdisciplinary science. No wonder ecology found its way in! Ecology-related geography examines how water and atmosphere influence biodiversity. This way, we can better manage our natural resources.

• What would happen if all the glaciers melt ?
• Why should we protect the rainforest ?
• Explain the term “desertification.”
• Describe the consequences of major oil spills in the ocean.
• How do rising water temperatures affect marine life?
• Find the causes of acid rain .
• How do ecosystems work?
• How does fracking impact the environment?
• Is there a way to eradicate hunger ?
• What are the different types of estuaries?
• Examine the causes of the Cape Town water crisis.
• Why do corals go extinct?
• Explain how animals regulate their populations.
• How does altitude impact soil?
• Illustrate how wetlands form.

• Compare the five main types of biomes.
• Find out how mountain regions develop.
• Describe how biogeochemical cycles work.
• Why do we need biodiversity ?
• Compare the different forms of fossil fuels .
• How does soil pollution affect human health?
• Is growing soy problematic?
• What are the benefits of cultured meat?
• How does burning fossil fuels harm the environment?
• What are the adverse effects of ozone depletion ?
• Examine the relationships organisms form with their environment.
• How do population dynamics work?
• Why does the planet need insects?
• How do spiders contribute to an ecosystem?
• What is ecotourism?

🌐 Geography Essay Topics on Global Interdependence

Due to globalization, the world is entangled in a net of relationships. Countries share markets and build customs unions. Nations need gas and copper. Not only that, but they also require innovative technologies from all over the world. Below, you’ll find 30 compelling prompts on global interdependence for your project:

• What factors can discourage trade between two nations? 
• Describe what connects countries around the world. 
• What are the major exporting countries? 
• Examine the effects of international trade on Britain’s economy. 
• What makes a country poor? 
• Why do nations import goods they don’t need? 
• Explain the importance of gold throughout history. 
• Analyze the controversies surrounding TTIP. 
• What were the benefits of NAFTA ? 
• How did the Trump administration impact international trade ? 
• Investigate how the European market reacted to Brexit . 
• Discuss the adverse effects of globalization . 
• Why do many companies choose to outsource ? 
• What would happen if all countries opened their borders to everyone? 
• How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect freedom of travel? 
• Explain hinterland connectivity. 
• What makes some countries more advanced than others? 
• Examine the current trade situation between the US and China . 
• What are America’s most prominent exports? 
• Why is it essential to produce ideas? 
• Investigate the difference between a customs union and a free trade area. 
• How does a country benefit from immigrant workers? 
• Explain the dependency theory . 
• What are the adverse effects of foreign aid ? 
• Why do some countries specialize in producing particular goods? 
• Where do precious metals come from? 
• Is global interdependence harmful? 
• Prove the importance of innovation . 
• Why are some countries so reliant on tourism ? 
• What makes Nord Stream 2 problematic? 

🌋 Geology Essay Topics

We have finally figured out the origins of the Earth. Now, a new challenge for geologists has emerged: uncovering the secrets of space. Examining extraterrestrial bodies is a popular field in modern-day geosciences. The following list contains unique ideas to start your research:

• Where does all the oil come from?
• What does the Earth’s crust consist of?
• Describe the principles of stratigraphy.
• Explore the milestones in the history of geology.
• Where can you find gemstones ?
• How can you mine coal?
• Explain what is required to determine a planet’s age.
• Describe the theory of Continental Drift.
• What is acid rock drainage?
• Who was Louis Agassiz, and what is his legacy?
• Investigate why ice ages occur.
• What are fossil trackways?
• Why do we need geochronology?
• Examine how lava fields form.
• What are the different types of rock?
• Investigate Steno’s Law of Original Horizontality.
• What is the geoid ?
• How can you measure the Earth’s gravitational field?
• Explain how moons form.
• Describe Venus’ geology.
• What is lava?
• What causes organic remains to turn into coal?
• How do caves form?
• What is metamorphic petrology?
• Why is quaternary geology necessary?
• Examine why volcanoes go dormant.
• What can we learn from fossilized plants?
• Find effective ways to conserve groundwater.
• What are the characteristics of a coastal floodplain ?
• Describe methods that determine how a landscape might have looked in the past.

We hope that this information was helpful. Good luck with your essay writing!

Get an originally-written paper according to your instructions!

You might also be interested in:

• 220 Best Science and Technology Essay Topics to Write About
• Transportation Essay: Writing Tips and 85 Brilliant Topics
• 210 Immigration Essay Topics
• 150 Best Environmental Essay Topics & Questions

🔍 References

• An Elaboration of the Fundamental Themes in Geography: Social Studies
• The Five Themes in Geography: World Atlas
• Geology: Environmental Science
• World Regional Geography: University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Cultural Geography—Human Geography: Dartmouth College
• Location: National Geographic
• Ecology and Geography: Research Gate
• What Does a Geologist Do?: Geology.com
• Global Interdependence: Nebraska.gov
• Planetary Geology: Encyclopedia.com
• Why Study Geology?: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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• Share to Twitter
• Share to LinkedIn
• Share to email

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WAEC GCE Geography Answers 2023 – Objectives and Essay (External)

The West African Examination Council (WAEC) is set to conduct the Geography paper for the GCE examination on Wednesday, 6th December, 2023. This article aims to provide external Waec GCE Geography questions and answers for both the objective and essay sections of the exam.

Waec GCE Geography Objective OBJ Questions 2023

Candidates appearing for the Waec GCE Geography exam can prepare themselves by practicing the following objective questions:

• A. attract more people
• B. produce enough food
• C. establish educational institutions
• D. grow in commerce and industry.
• B. Three times
• C. Four times
• D. Five times.
• A. Soluble substances are removed from the upper layers of the soil
• B. soluble substances are deposited in the upper layers of the soil
• C. fine particles are removed from one layer of the soil to another
• D. fine particles are deposited in the upper layers of the soil.
• A. from the lowlands to the uplands
• B. from the north to the south following the rains
• C. in the semiarid steppes
• D. in search of water and pasture.
• A. earth’s inclination to the sun and its revolution
• B. earth’s inclination to the sun and its rotation
• C. length of the earth’s orbit
• D. thickness of the earth’s atmosphere.
• A. grikes and clints
• B. stalactites and stalagmites
• C. caves and caverns
• D. cliffs and dry valleys.
• A. absorbed by carbon dioxide
• B. lost to the atmosphere
• C. stored in the water molecules
• D. released as sensible heat.
• A. cumulus and stratus
• B. cumulus and cumulo-nimbus
• C. cumulo-nimbus and nimbostratus
• D. strato-cumulus and nimbostratus.
• D. 1.85 km.

These objective questions are designed to test the candidates’ understanding of various geographical concepts and principles. Practicing them will help improve their knowledge and performance in the exam.

Note : the article provides just help on past questions and answers.

Waec GCE Geography Essay Questions 2023

The essay section of the Waec GCE Geography exam requires candidates to provide detailed answers to specific questions. Here are some essay questions along with their model answers:

Essay Question 1: Write a geographical account of rail transport under the following headings:

(a) economic importance; (b) problems; (c) solutions.

Model Answer:

(a) Rail transport has significant economic importance. It facilitates the movement of goods and people over long distances, contributing to economic growth and development. Railways are vital for the transportation of heavy and bulky goods, such as minerals, coal, and agricultural produce. They connect different regions, promoting trade and commerce. Rail transport also plays a crucial role in the tourism industry, providing scenic routes and easy access to various destinations.

(b) Despite its economic importance, rail transport faces several problems. One major issue is the slow speed in developing countries, which hampers efficient transportation. Additionally, derailments due to flooding and poor time schedules affect the reliability of rail transport. The poor standard of coaches and competition from other modes of transportation, such as road and air, pose further challenges. Moreover, the high cost of construction, steep gradients/terrain, and expensive spare parts add to the problems faced by rail transport.

(c) To address these problems, several solutions can be implemented. Firstly, wider gauges can be used to increase the speed of trains. Introducing faster engines and coaches will improve the overall efficiency of rail transport. Proper planning and timing of movement schedules can help streamline operations. Improved management techniques, including better maintenance practices and staff training, are also essential. Financial support, such as loans from banks, can be utilized for infrastructure development and the internal manufacturing of spare parts.

Essay Question 2: Describe any three factors responsible for the dominance of light industries in developing countries.

(b) Highlight any four advantages of the concentration of industries in urban areas of developing countries. (c) Outline any three disadvantages of the concentration of industries in the urban areas of developing countries.

(a) The dominance of light industries in developing countries can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the availability of cheap labor makes it economically viable to establish labor-intensive industries. Secondly, the abundance of raw materials in developing countries supports the growth of light industries. Finally, favorable government policies and incentives attract foreign investment, leading to the establishment of light industries.

(b) The concentration of industries in urban areas of developing countries offers several advantages. Firstly, it leads to the creation of employment opportunities, reducing unemployment rates and poverty. Secondly, urban areas provide better infrastructure, including transportation networks and utilities, which are essential for the smooth functioning of industries. Thirdly, the proximity of industries in urban areas promotes collaboration and the exchange of ideas, leading to innovation and technological advancements. Lastly, the concentration of industries in urban areas stimulates economic growth and development.

(c) Despite the advantages, the concentration of industries in urban areas of developing countries also has some disadvantages. Firstly, it leads to overcrowding and puts pressure on existing infrastructure, leading to issues like traffic congestion and inadequate housing facilities. Secondly, the concentration of industries can result in environmental pollution, including air and water pollution, which can harm the health and well-being of the population. Lastly, there is a risk of income inequality, as the benefits of industrialization may not be evenly distributed among the population.

These essay questions provide an opportunity for candidates to showcase their knowledge and understanding of various geographical concepts and their applications in real-world scenarios. By providing detailed and well-structured answers, candidates can demonstrate their analytical and critical thinking abilities.

In conclusion, preparing for the Waec GCE Geography exam requires a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. By practicing both the objective and essay questions provided in this article, candidates can enhance their knowledge and improve their performance in the exam. Good luck to all the candidates!

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What To Expect In Waec Geography And Hot Questions

Modified On Jan 7, 2020

2020 Waec Geography Expo : What are the areas Waec will set Geography Questions from and how do I get Waec Geography 2020 OBJ And Essay Questions ? Waec  2020  Geography  Questions is what we shall discuss here.

Waec Geography  is important to every  Waec  2020 Science Candidate . Read on for Sample  Questions Waec would set in 2020 Geography Objective and Theory  or click here  for Waec 2020  Geography Syllabus .

PAGE CONTENTS

Waec 2020 Geography 1 & 2 Questions And Answers

You have asked the questions, what are the areas Waec sets questions in  Geography ? I am here to give you the bold answers to your question.

To make this topic easy for you to understand, I will divide it into three sections. The three sections are:

Waec 2020  Geography  Objective Questions

• 2020 Waec  Geography  Essay Questions And Answers.
• Instructions To Pass Waec 2020 Examination.

As usual, you will be given questions and options A to E to choose from. Normally, the number of objective questions (OBJ)  you are to answer in Waec 2020  Geography Science is 50.

The Following Are Sample Waec Objective Questions. They are likely  Geography  questions for Waec 2020.

• Which of the following phenomena is not directly related to the revolution of the earth? A. seasonal changes B. varrying duration of sunshine hours C. unequal solar radiation on the earth’s surface D. night and day E. the tropics

2. Which pair of activities would you NOT find in an equatorial climate? 1. commercial grain farming. 2. rice cultivation. 3. lumbering. 4. plantation agriculture. 5. dry farming A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 5 C. 3 and 4 D. 1 and 5 E. 2 and 3

3. Inter-regional trade between countries in West Africa is promoted mainly by A. relationship with former colonial rulers B. production of similar goods C. deliberate government policies in recent times D. competition among the nations in Africa E. frequent changes in government of different countries

4. Which statement is NOT true of the middle belt in Nigeria? A. the soil is not productive B. the population is sparse C. there are insect pests and disease carriers D. mineral resources can be found there E. none of the above

5. Which of the following zones is the least industrialized in Nigeria? A. Lokoja-Ajaokuta B. Lagos-Ikeja C. Port harcourt-Aba D. Kaduna-Zaria E. Abeokuta-Ibadan

6. Which purpose is NOT served by the Kainji Dam? A. provision of research facilities B. provision of water of domestic use all over Nigeria C. provision of fishing facilities D. generation of electricity for use all over Nigeria E. provision of recreational facilities

7. What is the Nile valley best known for? A. Industrial development B. Water navigation C. Commerce D. Development E. Hydro-electricity

8. Which is not exported by the Republic of South Africa? A. Wines B. Maize C. Wool D. Coffee E. Wheat

9. Name the most important industrial mineral of Ghana A. Diamond B. Bauxite C. Manganese D. Gold E. Aluminium

10. Which of the following factors least explains the fast growing population in Africa? A. control of diseases B. decline in death rate C. the education of women D. improvement in transportation E. provision of more hospitals

11. Mixed farming implies A. growing crops and rearing animals on a given land area B. keeping poultry and rearing pigs on one and the same farm C. growing grains and root crops on the same piece of land D. mixed cultivation of wheat, barley, and oats E. intercropping of yam, cassava and maize

12. The main advantage of the chain survey over the prismatic compass survey is that the former A. yields relatively more accurate results B. involves highly more portable equipment C. does not require a base map D. closes its boundaries with no correction

13. A typical example of landforms produced by marine erosion is a A. beach B. spit C. mud-flat D. stack

14. When the gradient of a river channel changes from a steep to a gentle angle, the main activity of the river will be A. depositing B. eroding C. deepening D. terracing

15. The vegetation of the warm Temperate Eastern Margin is characterized by

• A.  evergreen shrubs and thickets
• B.  mixed deciduous and coniferous forests
• C.  mixed tropical rainforests and monsoonal forests
• D.  mixed coniferous and broad-leaved evergreen forests

Read Also: How to answer Waec questions very fast

Geography Waec 2020 Theory Questions And Answers

The following are the kind of questions you should expect in Waec 2020 Geography Theory or Essay. They are hot cake questions:

• What is  Geography
• What are the importance of  Geography to the society
• Explain the different types of farming
• What is survey?

 Waec 2020 Examination Instructions

• Do not open your question paper until you are told to do so
• USE HB pencil throughout in the OBJ Section
• You are free to use Biro in the theory part
• You are allowed to use a calculator to solve
• Make sure that you fill your name, Subject, paper, paper code and other examination details where necessary.
• Ensure that the texts in your question papers are boldly printed
• Behave yourself.
• Don’t let invigilators catch you using expo

Recommended : Getting answers a night before waec exam

Related To 2020 Waec Geography obj and Essay:

Waec 2020 essay answers Waec answer for Geography science Flashlearners Geography answer Waec 2020 answer Waec 2020 Geography www. Waec 2020 Geography obj Waec 2020 Waec exam timetable 2020 Waec Geography questions 2020 Waec Geography answers 2020 Waec Geography syllabus

That’s all for now… I shall update you when more real live questions and answers come up. However, I advise that you are hardworking so as to pass your Waec once and for all.

Read Also: How to read and pass Waec in one day

Feel free to share this article with friends using the share buttons and don’t fail to comment using the comment box below.

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GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS And ANSWERS-WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Geography answers after the questions.

1.         State three causes of desertification.                                                                                    

2.         a)i) Differentiate the term aridity and  desertification                                                           

                ii) Differentiate between weather and climate                                                      

              b) State two causes of temperature inversion                                                                     

            c) Explain the occurrence of a land breeze                                                               

3.         a) Give three characteristics of the inter- tropical convergence zone                                 

            b) (i) State three natural causes of climate change                                                    

                ii) Explain four consequences of climate change on the physical environment      

            c) Give four reasons why some areas within the equatorial belt do not experience true

              equatorial climate                                                                                                             

4.         (a) Describe the climatic conditions experienced in the Kenya highlands                           

            (b) Explain four effects of folding to human activities                                                    

5.         (a) Distinguish between weather and climate                                                                  

            (b) State six characteristics of equatorial climate                                                             

 6.        (a) Explain how the following factors influence climate:

               (i) Ocean currents                                                                                                          

               (ii) Altitude 

7.         (a) State three conditions necessary for the formation of dew                                        

            (b) State two climatic reasons why the government should evict settlers from the Mau

                  forest complex in the Rift valley of Kenya                                                                

8.         (a) (i) What is a fog?                                                                                                              

                (ii) State any two conditions necessary for the formation of fog.                                     

            (b) Name any two isothermic layers of the atmosphere.                                                       

9.         (a) What is an air mass?                                                                                                         

(b) Give two climatic characteristics of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)       

10.        (a) Describe two characteristics of a mountain climate                                                        

             (b) (i) State two human causes of climate change                                                                

                  (ii) Explain three consequences of climate change                                                        

            (c) Four classes intend to visit a weather station near your school to study the instruments

                 for measuring weather element:-

               (i) Describe how you would use a rain gauge to measure rainfall                                      

                (ii) Name two instruments you would find inside a Stevenson screen                 

11.       a) What do you understand by:

               i) Micro- climate                                                                                                     

              ii) Green house effect                                                                                                          

            b) Name two weather recording instruments that are placed in a Stevenson’s screen          

12.       (a) What is an air mass?                                                                                                         

(b) What two conditions favour formation of air mass?                                                       

13.       (a) What is the Inter-tropical convergence Zone?                                                                 

            (b) Account for any four characteristics of tropical rainforests.                                           

14.       (a) What is an air mass?                                                                                                         

15        (a) (i) What is global warming?                                                                                             

              (ii) Give any four causes of climate change.                                                                                          

              (iii) Name four Green house gases                                                                                      

          (b)(i) Explain five effects of climate change                                                                           

   (ii) Identify with evidence two climatic aspects that could have influenced the distribution

     of  vegetation                                                                                                               

16.       (a Differentiate between:

                (i) Aridity and desertification                                                                                       

            (b) Give three reasons why the recording of weather data at a weather station may be inaccurate  

            (c) State two qualities that makes Stevenson screen suitable for its work                              

            b) i) Briefly explain the green house effect and the global warming                        

               ii) Explain three effects of climatic change on the physical environment             

            c)   Explain how the following factors influence climate

                        i) Altitude                                                                                                                  

                        ii) Continentality                                                                                                        

                        iii) Ocean currents    

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS FOR TOPICAL QUESTIONS ON WEATHER AND CLIMATE   

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

1.         -population pressure leading to clearing of forest                                                                     

• climatic changes/global warming/destruction of ozone layer
• accidental fires
• poor methods of farming /overgrazing

2.           a i) Aridity refers  to a  state  of  dryness or deficiency of rainfall  in an area  while      

                     desertification refers  to the encroachment  of desert  like  conditions  into

                    productive  or arable  land  √√        

                   ii)  Weather atmospheric condition of a place over a short period of time                  

           Climate- Average weather condition of a given place over a long period

               b)- Moist warm air meets dry cold air mass                                                             

                   – Mountain slopes adjacent to a valley cause anabatic and katabatic winds

             c)    – Sea heats faster than the land during the day                                                 

– Air over the sea rises creating low pressure over the sea

– Cooler air over the land blows towards the sea

                        – Cool air from the land is called land breeze

3.               a)        – Zone of low pressure                                                                                            

– High temperature

– High convectional rainfall

– Trade winds converge here

                        – Moves with movement of the sun       

              (b)i) -Variation of solar output                                                                                     

       – Volcanic eruption

– Variations in the earth’s orbital characteristics

– Variation in atmospheric carbon dioxide          

             iii) –  Increase in temperature causing rise in sea level due to melting ice                       

– Changes in wind speed causing erosion

– Changes in seasons leading to severe drought

– Increase in precipitation causing flooding of large areas       

    c)      – Relief features such as high mountains influence temperature and rainfall pattern  

• Presence of large water bodies that modify temperatures of the surrounding lands through breezes
• Continentality- many regions are in the interior of the continents making them receive low amounts of rains
• Winds- some areas are influenced by cold onshore winds that lower temperature of the surroundings

4.         (a)     – Temperature varies between 17C to 24C                                                                     

• Lower slopes have higher temperatures than upper slopes
• Mean annual range of temperature is between 3C to 5C
• Rainfall is received throughout the year
• Rainfall is high 1000 -15000 mm
• Rainfall is double maxima
• Rainfall is relief- orographic
• High rain on the wind ward slopes
• Rainfall is caused by S.E trade
• Coolest months are between June and August      

           (b  – Fold mountains receive heavy rainfall/ snow falls give rise to many rivers for

                   HEP, irrigation, water for domestic and industrial use                                  

• Wind wards sides receive high rainfall which promote agriculture/ forest growth
• Leeward side have violent wind which destroy crops
• Folding leads to exposer of some minerals or bring minerals near surface for mining
• Folding hinders construction of communication
• Folding acts as barriers during wars
• Folding offer sceneries which attract tourists hence foreign exchange
• Folds mountains make visibility poor hence hindering air transport        

5.         a) Weather is the daily condition of atmosphere taken in short period usually 24hrs

                 while climate is  the average weather condition taken for a period of 30 – 35 yrs      

b)  – High rainfall/ no marked dry season/ (1500mm – 2000 mm)                                      

• High temperatures throughout the year/ (24º– 27º)
• High humidity throughout the year with relative humidity about 80%
• Rainfall throughout the year
• Small temperature range/ 4ºC
• Double maxima (March – May and Oct – Nov)
• Major winds are South East and North East
• Low pressure all the year/ Doidrums/ Equatorial low
• Rainfall mainly convectional falling in the afternoon accompanied with lightening and thunderstorm
• Thick cloud cover all the year/ thick cumulonimbus clouds          

6.        (a)   i) – Warm ocean currents raise temperature of the adjustment land/ warm current

                        increase rainfall                                                                                               

   – Cold ocean current lower temperature of the regions/ lower rainfall/ create dryness                                                                                                        

            ii) High areas have low temperatures/ Mt areas receive high rainfall                             

  Mountain sides facing sun are warmer than sides facing away from sun (Aspect)

       b i)-  Rainfall of double maxima                                                                                            

– High temperatures throughout the year about 270°C

– Low temperature range

– Rainfall falls throughout the year

– Rainfall is high average 2000mm

– Low pressure due to over head sun

– Rainfall is mainly convectional

–  High humidity content     

7.         a)    – Air should be calm so that it can remain in contact with the ground long

                      enough to be cooled  below dew point                                             

  – Day time should be warm to speed up evaporation and provide a lot of water in the air

     – There should be cloudless nights    

        b) – To increase precipitation in the area                                                                      

– To regulate in the area

– Forest to help air purification

8.         a) i)  A fog is a mass of water droplets suspended in the lower atmosphere which limits

                   visibility to less  than a kilometer                                                                             

                ii)   – Air must have abundant moisture                                                                                 

                       – The night should be clear/cloudless to facilitate terrestrial radiation

                   – The air should be clam/gentle air currents to help the water droplets in suspension

b)    – Troposphere                                                                                                              

– Stratosphere

– Mesopause

9.         a)     -it is a large volume of air whose temperature and humidity are fairly uniform 

                  and covers an extensive surface area                                                                                

        b)     -it experiences high temperature                                                                                           

   -it is a zone of low pressure and the doldrums

   -the zone migrates to the north and south of the equator with apparent movement of

   the  overhead sun

-it is a zone where the S.E and N.E trade winds converge

-it is associated with convectional rain and thunderstorms     

10.       a) – Temperature  decreases with increase in  altitude.                                               

                     – Rainfall increases with height upto 300m then it starts to decrease

                      – Windward slopes are wetter than leeward slopes.

                    – Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude.

       – Local winds are common, they blow up slope during the day and down slope

               during night.

     – In temp. regime slopes facing the equator are warmer than those facing the poles

             b) i)-  Increases air pollution from industrial activities.                                                

       – Deforestation /uncontrolled logging.

            ii) – Widespread changes in the natural ecosystem with grasslands and deserts areas

                     expanding as  forested areas shrinks.                                                                             

– Possible rise in temp. may increase evaporation rates leading increased rainfall

 in some areas.

– Increased rainfall will cause flooding of low lying areas.

– Water stored in polar glacier will melt leading to rise in sea levels and flooding of

  coastal  lands.

– In temperate regions, winters are likely to be wetter and summer drier.

– Wetter & warmer conditions may increase pests & diseases thereby affecting humans,  

      crops &   livestock.

– Change in climate is likely to cause extinction of various plants and animal species.

– Possible drought might increase in most parts of the world.

– Cause in change in agricultural activities & massive crop failure leading to food

   shortage.

        c i)  – A rain gauge consists of a funnel, metallic cylindrical container and a collecting jar.  

• When it rains, water from direct rain drops collects into the jar through the funnel
• The water collected is then poured into a graduated (in mm) measuring cylinder.
• The readings taken & recorded.

    c ii) – Thermometers / √ six thermometers.                                                                                           

– Hygrometer.

11.    a i)  – This is climatic conditions in a restricted area due to small differences of aspect

                  slope, vegetation and human landscapes                                                             

          ii)   It is a condition where the incoming solar radiations pass through the atmosphere

                while the  outgoing terrestrial radiation is blocked by gases/ clouds/ atmosphere

                  making the earth retain the terrestrial radiation/ re-radiation. (This makes earth to

                  be warmer than it would have been)/ it is a condition where the atmosphere

                  balances the incoming and outgoing terrestrial radiation making the earth to

                 retain optimum heat                                                                 

     b)   – A thermometer / maximum and minimum/ six’s thermometer                                              

– A hygrometer/ wet and dry bulb thermometers

12        a) -body  of air/wind  with uniform conditions moving  in a  given  direction             

            b)   -same temperature                                                                                                     

                  -air pressure-move  from H.P  to L.P

                -earth’s movement

13.      (a) Tropical convergence zone is a low pressure belt that lies between the tropics 

                    where the North East  and South East trade winds converge                                      

            b) – The forest is evergreen due to high rainfall and abundant sunshine                            

– The trees grow tall to complete for sunlight

– Trees have broad leaves to encourage water loss through evapo-transpiration  /

   transpire excess water due to high rainfall

– these are mainly hardwoods due to abundant sunshine

– Trees have buttressed roots to support their great heights and large trunks in the

    wet soils.

– Tree roots go deep into the ground for anchorage

– There are many tree species due to the tropical conditions.

– The forest has little underground because the canopies block sunlight from reaching the

   ground

– The forests have numerous lianas/climbers which twine around the tall trees to reach       

    sunlight in the dense forest.

– Trees grow rapidly due to the high temperatures and high rainfall

14.       a) It is large volume of air/ wind with similar/ uniform temperature humidity and covers

                over a large  area and flows over along distance                                                               

         b)           A-  North East polar winds                                                                                                

                       B- South West westerlies/ S. West winds

                       C – North east trade winds

                       D – South East trade winds

15.      a i)  – Global warming is the increase of average temperatures on earth as result of green

                   house  effect/ gases reflecting back to earth part of heat radiation                              

                ii)     –    The orbital position of the earth or effect of the distance of the earth from

                              the sun

• High amount of carbon dioxide in the air from industries
• The volcanic emption raise heat/ temperature
• High amount of solar radiation reaching the earth due to depletion of Ozone layer      

              iii) – Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )                                                                                                          

   – Chlorofluorocarbons (CFS)

   – Methane

                – Nitrous oxide (N 2 O)    

           b)(i) –  Change in the ecosystems with grass land and deserts expanding while

                 forests shrink    

• Rise in the sea level due to thawing of glaciers that leads to flooding of coastal low lands
• Rise in global temperatures leading to increased rainfall due to increased evaporation
• Wetter winters and dry summers in temperature regions
• Shrinking water bodies e.g. lakes, rivers and drying up of streams
• Reduced animal and plant species due to adaptation difficulties
• Extinction of some species of flora and fauna
• Low production of food due to failing soil fertility and absence of rain/ too much of rainfall

in other areas           

(ii) – High rainfall evidenced by many permanent rivers                                                     

               – Cool temperatures from high altitudes e.g. 2000m

16.       a) Aridity is dryness/ insufficient rainfall, while desertification is the expansion/             

                    encroachment of  desert conditions      

             b)     – Use off defective instruments√                                                                            

– Personnel my have inadequate /limited skills√

– Vagaries of nature such as earth tremous√

               c) – painted white to prevent over heating√                                                                

    – raised to a height of 121m to prevent contact with direct radiation from the

         earth’s surface√

             – it has louvers at the side to  allow free air circulation√           

17.      a)-  2-modified tropical climate  of the  highland                                               

     – 3-modified equatorial  climate  of  the  lake basin

           b)   – it receives very low rainfall of less than 250mm annually                                              

• the  mean annual  temperature are  high above 29ºc
• large diurnal range  of  temperature
• day temperature are high
• humidity  is low
• sand storms are common occurrence
• there are occasional floods caused  by sporaduram
• the region  is under  the  influence of dry north east trade  winds

19.      a i)       X – Mediterranean                                                                                     

                        Y – Equatorial climate

ii)         – Rainfall is low/ below 250mm per year                                                             

• Rainfall is erratic/ unreliable
• Occasional flash floods
• Temperatures are high throughout the year
• Intense solar radiation
• Diurnal range of temperature is large/ extreme hot days and cold nights
• High rates of evaporation
• Skies are clear/ high terestial radiation
• Low humidity
• Strong dusty winds

           b i)-  Green house effect is general increase of the temperatures of the globe due

                    to increase  in the level of CO 2 and other green houses gases. This result into

                   a condition where  the  incouncy solar radiation passes through the atmosphere   

                  while the outgoing terrestrial  radiation s blocked by the gases and the clouds

  ii) Increase in temperature                                                                                                          

• Rainfall increase
• Melting of ice caps
• Rise in sea level
• High evaporation
• Abnormal growth of plants

Change in rainfall pattern

• Soil erosion by water

Change in seasonal patterns

• Severe winter/ short summer
• Shifting of vegetation zones
• Extinct of some species

Change in winds

            -More frequent & more destructive

            – High waves

            – Flooding

            – Wind erosion/ wind storms

c i)    – Temperature decreases with increasing height above sea level. This is because    

            atmospheric air at low altitude is denser than high above. Heat loss is greater at high  

          altitude than at lower altitude                                                                                                         

• Rise in altitude cause  fall in temperature and a cooling effect that causes condensation of moisture in the air. This leads to precipitation forming at high altitude
• Atmospheric pressure is higher at low altitude and lower at high altitude. This is because the weight of the atmospheric air at low altitude is more than at high altitude

ii) In summer, coastlands are relatively cooler than in land areas. This is because the

      winds bring   the cooling effect of the sea to the land, by the time winds reach inland

     they are heated  by warm   land resulting in higher temperature over the interior of

      the land  

In winter the onshore winds bring the warming effect of the sea into the land causing a rise in  temperature. By the time these winds reach the interior of the land, they are cooled by cold land thus enhancing the low temperature

Onshore winds cause a lot of rain in the coastal areas throughout the year. This is because the wind picks up moisture over the sea and drop it on the nearby land. The continental interiors  receive less rain, mainly in summer, because the winds have dropped mot of the moisture in the coastal lands

            iii) Ocean currents                                                                                                              

• Cold ocean currents bring about the cooling effect in the temperature
• Also bring a dry effect because the cold air is not able to rise

Warm ocean currents

• Bring a warm effect (rise in temperature)
• Heavy rainfall because the warm air is able to rise and condense to form rainfall

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NECO Geography Questions and Answers 2023/2024 (Essay and Objectives)

NECO Geography Questions and Answers 20 23.   I will be showing you NECO Geography objective and theory questions for free. You will also understand how NECO Geography Practical (map reading) questions are set and many more examination details.

The National Examination Council is an examination body that set questions annually from areas students should, after their studies in senior secondary school, be able to write and pass without stress.

NECO Geography answers and questions Objectives and Essay will be provided here and the authenticity of this NECO 2023 Geography solutions to questions has been tested and confirmed to be sure.

See: NECO Timetable

Table of Contents

NECO Geography Questions and Answers 2023 (EXPO)

The 2023 NECO Geography Expo will be posted here today 1st August during the NECO Geography examination. Keep checking and reloading this page for the answers.

Human and Regional Geography Answers

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NECO Geography OBJ Answers:

1-10: AAEBDBDCDD

11-20: ECBBAAAEDA

21-30: AECDACDBAC

31-40: BADDADDDEC

41-50: BCADDEDEAA

51-60: EACDBDACBE

NECO Geography Essay Answers:

(i) Solstice occurs twice a year while equinox occurs twice a year.

(ii) Solstice is when the sun reaches its highest point in the sky while equinox is when the day and night are of equal length.

(ii) They are imaginary circles that run parallel to the equator.

(ii) They are used to measure distance north or south of the equator.

(iii) They are measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds.

(iv) The equator is the largest line of latitude, while the poles are the smallest

Weathering refers to the process of breaking down rocks, minerals, and other substances on the Earth’s surface into smaller pieces or altering their composition through physical or chemical means.

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Temperature

(ii) Moisture

(iii) Oxygen

(iv) Carbon dioxide

(v) Acid rain

(i) Oxidation – The chemical reaction between oxygen and minerals causes them to break down into smaller pieces or change their composition.

(ii) Hydration – Water molecules in the atmosphere combine with minerals, resulting in the formation of new minerals, or altering their existing composition.

(iii) Carbonation – Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with certain minerals, causing them to dissolve or break down into smaller pieces.

Renewable resources: These are natural resources that can be replenished or regenerated within a human lifespan or at a faster rate than they are consumed. They are considered sustainable as they can be used without depleting the resource itself. Examples of renewable resources include solar energy, water, wind power and plant life.

Non-renewable resources: These are resources that come from a finite source that cannot be replenished in a short period of time. Examples include fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas), uranium, and gemstones.

(i) Reduced air pollution and water contamination resulting from the extraction and burning of non-renewable resources.

(ii) Increased energy security since reliance on renewable energy sources reduces the vulnerability to price unpredictability associated with non-renewable resources.

(iii) Increased economic development and job creation since renewable energy requires significant investments in technologies, engineering, construction and operations.

(iv) Reduced water use since non-renewable resources usually require more water for extraction and utilization.

(v) Reduced land degradation due to the extraction of non-renewable resources, such as mining and drilling.

(vi) Reduced greenhouse gas emissions since renewable energy does not typically produce as much carbon dioxide (CO2) as burning fossil fuels.

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Navigation and mapping: GPS enables accurate positioning on maps, allowing individuals to find their way and plan routes.

(ii) Surveying and mapping: GPS assists in surveying and mapping operations such as measuring distances, angles, and slopes.

(iii) Vehicle Tracking: GPS can be used to track objects or vehicles in real-time, allowing for efficient fleet management and improved security.

(iv) Disaster Management: GPS plays an important role in early warning systems for natural disasters like floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes.

(v) Goods Tracking: GPS is used to track the movement of goods to ensure they reach their destination safely.

(vi) Agriculture: GPS can be used to facilitate precision farming by providing vital information about local soil, terrain, and climate conditions.

(i) Data Acquisition: Both GIS and Remote Sensing systems are used to acquire data which is then used for various applications.

(ii) Spatial Analysis: GIS uses data collected by remote sensing systems to perform spatial analysis, such as analysis of land use or population density.

(iii) Creation of Maps: GIS and Remote Sensing are used together to create maps with geographical and other features.

(iv) Updating of Maps: Remote sensing image data is used to update existing maps and make new maps.

(v) Decision Making: GIS is used to visualize data collected from remote sensing images to make informed decisions.

(i) Lack of Infrastructure: There is a lack of adequate infrastructure for the proper implementation of GIS in Nigeria, such as access to quality Geographic Information data and reliable internet connections.

(ii) Cost Issues: Developing and implementing GIS projects in Nigeria can often be expensive due to the cost of hardware, software, training, and personnel required.

(iii) Limited Resources: There is a lack of skilled personnel and resources to implement GIS projects in Nigeria.

(iv) Data Issues: There is a shortage of quality geographical data available for GIS projects, or the data is often outdated.

(v) Security Risks: If GIS is not properly implemented, there is a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data.

(vi) Technological Limitations: There may be technological limitations that prevent the full utilization of GIS or hinder its effectiveness.

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The questions below are not exactly 2023 NECO Geography questions and answers but likely NECO Geography repeated questions and answers.

These questions are strictly for practice. The 2023 NECO Geography expo will be posted on this page on the day of the NECO Geography examination. Keep checking and reloading this page for the answers.

1. a) Highlight any three main characteristics of each of the following settlement types: i) village; ii) town.

b) State any four factors which are responsible for the growth of urban centres.

2. a) Define the following population terms: i) census; ii) mortality rate;

b) family planning. Outline any three problems confronting a country that is overpopulated.

c) Highlight any three ways by which the problem of overpopulation can be solved.

3. Write a geographical description of Chad Basin under the following:

a) relief and drainage; b) people, population and settlement; c) economic activities; d) problems of development.

4. (a) Draw an outline map of Africa. On the map, show and name: (i) any three rivers important for generating hydroelectricity; (ii) any two dams on two of the rivers.

(b) Outline any five benefits of hydroelectric power to the people of Africa.

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How To Pass NECO Geography Examination

The National Examination Council (NECO) is a body in charge of the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination.

The Certificate offered here is a very important credential that awards or certifies the completion of your Secondary School Education.

It is a major document that qualifies you into any tertiary institution and is equally a major factor affecting admission today.

For this reason, every Student preparing for this examination NECO 2023 is preparing for something great.

Care should be taken when participating in this examination in other not to come out with bad grades. The following are the key answers to  NECO Geography 2023.

1. Be Determined to Pass

The NECO 2022 Geography is mainly for those who have made up their mind to pass it with a good grade.

Any candidate who, at this point in time, has not made up his or her mind to make the excellent grade in the forthcoming NECO 2023 Geography is actually not ready to pass.

Your mind should be ready for the task ahead, do not follow lazy friends who believe in a miracle on the day of the exams, stay positive and study your books.

2. Have self-confidence

Self-confidence is another factor that affects a candidate’s performance. Promise to do it all by yourself and everything will come out very simple for you.

It is a well-known fact that many students cancel the right answers just to copy the wrong ones because of a lack of self-confidence. Study and pray hard and you are the miracle for the day.

3. Start Studying Early

Studying is very important in your life as a student. NECO is a very simple Exam to deal with as long as studies are involved. Studying is one thing and studying on time is another thing entirely.

Do not wait for the NECO 2023 Geography exams to be so close before you start studying for them. Late preparation will not really help you. When you start studying early there will be time for you to revise before the exams.

2. Make Use the NECO 2023 Syllabus

Using the NECO 2023 syllabus is very essential as it will guide you on major topics to cover. Studying without the Syllabus will make you focus on unnecessary topics that will not appear in the exams.

Also, most of the Geography topics you have not done in class are there in the NECO syllabus.

3. Pray to God Your Creator

Many think that they can do it all alone without God. The Almighty God is your creator, seek His assistance and He will never fail to help you. Your faith in God determines your success. God is there for you, call upon Him.

4. Adhere to exam instructions.

Any student who is not ready to adhere to the examination conducts is planning to fail. The majority of NECO Candidates that have their results held are those that were not ready to follow the Exam instructions.

5. Use Your Time Wisely.

It is a well-known fact that NECO Geography map-reading needs a lot of time, manage the little time given to you wisely. Consider the number of questions you are to answer and the time given so that you can time wisely.

6. Be punctual to the examination venue

Punctuality matters during the exams. Go to the exam venue early so that your brain can settle for the task. Rushing to the exam hall will make you unstable for the exam and can prone you to so many mistakes.

Take time to go through the exam question paper before you start answering. NECO Geography Questions and Answers

If you have any questions about the 2023 NECO Geography questions and answers, do well to let us know in the comment box.

Last Updated on August 1, 2023 by Admin

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