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Law and Regulation

The PhD in Law and Regulation is designed to pursue PhD research at the intersection of law, social sciences, business and technology.

Armin Steinbach

In the Law and Tax department we conduct research at the intersection of law, social sciences, business and technology. 

The PhD in Law and Regulation is designed to pursue PhD research at the intersection of law, social sciences, business and technology at HEC Law and Tax Department. This vibrant academic environment allows PhD students to grow as researchers and obtain jobs in top academic institutions at the end of the PhD program. 

Why join us

The PhD in Law and Regulation is an intensive scholarly program aiming to attract outstanding global students with the highest level of ambition. The program admits only 1 to 2 students every year. It offers a tailored learning journey, which combines methodological and substantive training, as well as close, interdisciplinary supervision.  

Tracks 

The PhD in Law and Regulation offers two alternative PhD tracks: 

• The 3-year doctoral studies track is open to students holding a master degree in Law. In year one, students are required to take 100 hours of courses choosing from a range of legal and non-legal courses. They also work on their research paper-based dissertation as from year one. 
• The 5-year studies track (two phases) is open to students holding at minimum a bachelor degree (either bachelor of law or other bachelor degree with minimum exposure to legal studies).  Phase 1: In year one and two, students take courses for up to 120 ECTS and are awarded the Master in Management Sciences while working on defining their PhD dissertation subject. Students may choose classes offered in Law  at the Master's level, from specializations other than Law, or at other Parisien universities (upon agreement with these universities). 
• Phase 2:  In the following three years students work on their research paper-based dissertation as from year one. 

In both tracks, we also encourage academic exchanges with the world’s leading business schools and support research presentations in academic conferences.  

Read more about the PhD program curriculum here . 

Research focuses 

The Law and Tax Department conducts research at the intersection of law, social sciences, business and technology. Its faculties’ research spans across multiple legal fields such as corporate and tax law, European and transnational law, and fundamental rights, and covers topics such as sustainability and corporate social responsibility, diversity and inclusiveness, law and economics, artificial intelligence and the blockchain, financial regulation, and governance. The outputs of their research is regularly published in top-tier academic journals and media outlets.  

Research seminars

The department currently hosts three research seminar series: The Law and Regulation Series -- The Law, Society & AI Seminar Series -- The Law and Economics Research Series.

About the department 

The Law and Tax Department comprises of 12 professors and a team of affiliates who conduct research and are involved in teaching and supervising throughout all programs of HEC Paris, spanning the Grande Ecole, the MBA, the Executive Education, and the PhD program. The Department also runs three full time programs: an LLM in International Management and Law, a Major in International Taxation and Legal Strategy, and a Major in European Business Law and Global Affairs. These programs offer lively and hands-on courses to law students in collaboration with major Parisian and international law firms, companies and civil society organizations.  Department website 

PhD Coordinator

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University of Strasbourg

• Doctoral schools

Doctoral School of Law, Political Science and History - ED 101

The School is composed of 5 research units investigating the fields of law, political science and history: the Centre for Fundamental Private Law (CDPF), the Centre for International and European Studies (CEIE), the Law, Religion, Business and Society joint research unit (DRES), The Carré de Malberg Research Institute (IRCM) and the laboratory of the Centre for International Studies of Intellectual Property (CEIPI). It also includes a team of legal experts which are members of the Society, Stakeholders and Governments in Europe research unit (SAGE).

• Director : Sébastien Touzé
• Assistant-Director : Jeanne-Marie Tufféry-Andrieu

École doctorale droit, science politique et histoire Collège doctoral européen (CDE) 46 boulevard de la Victoire 67000 Strasbourg

Secretary : Stéphane Coly E-mail :  [email protected] Tel : 03 68 85 16 85

Office hours: Monday to Friday 9:00 to 12:00 and 14:00 to 17:00. Closed on Tuesday afternoon.

Website :  ed.droit.unistra.fr

Doctoral programmes

Legal sciences.

• Comparative law
• Business law
• Health economics and law
• International law
• Criminal law and criminal science
• Private law
• Human Rights
• Intellectual property

Political sciences

• International Law
• Human rights
• Ethics and Business
• Ethics and religion
• Ethics and society
• Medical Ethics and Bioethics
• Ancient history
• Contemporary history
• History of art
• History of Religions
• Histoiry of political sciences
• History of law and institutions
• Medieval History
• Modern History

Associated research units

• Centre for Fundamental Rights and Private Law (CDPF)
• Centre for International and European Studies (CEIE)
• Law, Religion, Business and Society(DRES)
• Carré de Malberg Research Institute (IRCM)
• CEIPI Research Laboratory
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Partnerships

PhD student

You have the opportunity to come to Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University as an international PhD student, either in the framework of a joint PhD, a doctoral research stay, or as a freemover.

You want to embark on a joint PhD programme between Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University and a foreign institution? You will find below information on how a joint PhD is organised, how to apply and funding opportunities.

Supervision The PhD student conducts his/her research under the responsibility of two thesis supervisors: one at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University and the other one in a foreign institution. The two supervisors are fully and jointly committed to exercise their functions as tutors. Location The doctoral student stays alternately at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University and in the partner university. The length of stay in each institution depends on the scientific requirements and the conditions for preparing the thesis, but it should not be less than one semester. Duration The usual duration of a joint PhD is three years, although a derogation of one year may be granted by the head of the institution on the basis of a legitimate request from the student, after consultation with the thesis supervisor and the doctoral school. Enrolment fees The PhD student is enrolled both at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and at the partner university, but is exempt from the payment of tuition fees at one of these two institutions. PhD viva The joint PhD leads to a single defence recognised by both parties. At the end of this defence, the doctoral student receives both the doctoral degree from Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University and the one from the partner institution. Language The language in which the thesis is written and defended is defined by the agreement concluded between the two institutions. When this language is not French, the thesis is completed by an abstract in French.

After applying for a joint PhD at both Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and a foreign university, you must establish a joint PhD agreement between these two institutions. What to include in the joint PhD agreement Although Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University provides a joint PhD agreement template (Word - 67 KB) , it is not strictly mandatory as your contract is the result of an agreement between the two partner institutions. If you wish to prepare a joint PhD between Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and an Italian university, you must use the agreement template of the Université Franco-Italienne (UFI) (Word - 50 KB - French/Italian) . If you wish to prepare a joint PhD between Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and a Swiss or Quebec university, you must ask the latter to draw up your agreement according to the template already established with French universities.

The agreement can be bilingual (each article being successively written in both languages) or in two versions (one in French and another one in a foreign language). Signature of the joint PhD agreement The joint PhD agreement must be signed in three copies by yourself and by three people from each of the partner institutions (the thesis supervisor, the director of the doctoral school and the president of the university). At Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University, the agreement must be submitted to the thesis department of your discipline in order to be forwarded to the research department and then to the president of the university for signature.

There is no deadline for signing the joint PhD agreement, but it is normally signed during the first year of enrolment in a PhD programme. This stage usually takes a very long time, given the number of signatories and the distance between them.

Eiffel Excellence Scholarship Programme (PhD level)

• Be accepted as part of a joint PhD at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University in one of the following academic fields: Economics, Management, Law, Political science, Sciences (Mathematics, Communication sciences, Environmental science),
• Be a foreign citizen (priority is given to citizens from developing and industrialised countries),
• Be less than 35 years old
• Amount and duration : €1400 per month (+ round-trip ticket) / 10 months maximum
• Application procedure : get in touch with your doctoral school
• More information :  campusfrance.org/en/eiffel-scholarship-implementation

Other grants In order to find out about other funding opportunities, we encourage you to check calls for applications on the websites of French embassies abroad, the  Instituts français  and the  Alliances françaises . You can also check the  grant search engine  available on the Campus France website.

PhD research stay

Find out the procedure to follow if you are a PhD student at a foreign university and wish to undertake a research stay at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University.

You must first submit your research project to one of the professors at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University with an HDR (accreditation to supervise research). The list of these professors is available from the websites of the university's doctoral schools (ED):

• Archaeology (ED 112)
• Art history (ED 441)
• Economics (ED 465)
• Fine arts (ED 279)
• Geography (ED 434)
• History (ED 113)
• Law (ED 565)
• Management (ED 559)
• Philosophy (ED 280)
• Political science (ED119)  

If a professor agrees to supervise your research stay at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, he or she will issue you with a letter of invitation.

If your home institution and Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University have signed a student exchange agreement in your academic field and at your level of studies, you can take part in study mobility.  Once you have been preselected by your home university, you will receive a link from the International Relations Department of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne to access the application form, which you will have to fill in and submit before 30 th May (if you wish to arrive in September for the first semester or the entire academic year) or before 30 th October (if you wish to arrive in January for the second semester). Before your departure, you must sign a learning agreement that lists the classes that you will take at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (among those open to exchange students) and/or activities (offered by doctoral schools) in which you wish to take part during your mobility at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University.

You must then fill in the online application form with the following documents:

• Learning agreement in  French (Word - 892 KB)  or in  English (Word - 891 KB)  completed and signed by yourself and by the academic teacher or research director of your home institution. Your learning agreement will be signed by your academic advisor at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne once you arrive in France. 
• Letter of invitation from the professor at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University who agrees to supervise your research stay.
• Language certificate of minimum level B2 ( DELF / DALF , TCF or a letter written by a French teacher from your home university). If you choose classes taught in English, you must also provide a letter written by an English teacher from your home university or an equivalent language certificate of English ( IELTS , TOEFL , etc.).
• Copy of transcript of grades obtained in higher education, with a translation in French (see  grade conversion table (PDF - 315 KB - French) ).
• Copy of the passport or identity card .
• If you are an exchange student outside the Erasmus+ programme, you will also need to provide a CV , a cover letter and a letter of recommendation .

Once your application is accepted by Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, you will receive your admission certificate by the end of June, and you will be able to enrol as an exchange student to be exempt from the payment of tuition fees at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University. During your stay in France, you will remain enrolled in your home institution and continue to pay tuition fees there. You also have the possibility to carry out an internship at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University. For more information on the procedure, please consult your home institution and the relevant doctoral school in Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.

If your home university participates in the Erasmus+ programme, you can set up an Erasmus+ agreement for traineeship which could enable you to obtain an Erasmus+ "traineeship" grant from your home university.

Otherwise, you must draw up a hosting (or internship) agreement setting out your working conditions at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University, in particular the duration of your stay and the terms and conditions for your research supervision. This agreement must be signed by your host laboratory at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, your home university and yourself. For more information, get in touch with your doctoral school.

If your application is accepted, you will have to enrol at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne as an unregistered student. This will allow you to obtain your student card and access to the university libraries.

You come from a partner institution

• You are a PhD student at Columbia University (New York): check out the  Alliance program grants
• If you are coming under an Erasmus+ student exchange agreement, you can apply for an Erasmus+ "study" grant or an Erasmus+ "traineeship" grant. In both cases, we encourage you to contact your home institution to find out how the grants are awarded.

You do not come from a partner institution If your home university participates in the Erasmus+ programme, you can establish an internship agreement and obtain an Erasmus+ "traineeship" grant from it.

Other grants

We encourage you to check calls for applications on the websites of French embassies abroad, the  Instituts français  and the  Alliances françaises . You can also check the  grant search engine  available on the Campus France website.

Full degree application

Find below the steps to follow to apply to Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University as a full degree international doctoral student. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne will apply the same tuition fee rates for the academic year 2024/2025 to French and foreign students regardless of whether they come from a European Union member state (voted by the Board of Governors on 26th October 2023).

You need to check that the thesis topic you plan to cover has not already been defended or is not in preparation, using the two following websites:

• www.sudoc.abes.fr
• www.theses.fr

Submit your research project to one of the professors at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University with an  HDR  (accreditation to supervise research). The list of these professors is available from the websites of the university's doctoral schools (ED):

Once a professor at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University who is authorised to supervise research has given his/her agreement to supervise your thesis, send your application to the doctoral school to which he/she belongs. This file must be sent between mid-June and the end of October, and must include the following documents:

• Form completed online at  ecandidat.univ-paris1.fr , duly dated and signed
• Copy of your master's degree or equivalent (the  ENIC-NARIC France can provide a statement of comparability between your degree and the French master's degree)
• Thesis project in two versions: long version (2 to 3 pages) and abstract (300 words maximum)
• Written agreement of the Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne professor who has agreed to supervise your thesis (this professor must be accredited to supervise research).

Your application will be reviewed in early November by the thesis commission of the doctoral school you have applied to. If you are accepted, you will have to sign the thesis charter upon your first enrolment.

Useful pages

Visas and residence permits, accommodation in paris, university orientation.

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Doctoral Studies

With its 21 doctoral schools, Université Paris Cité offers many doctoral students the opportunity to train through research in all major disciplinary fields. At the national level, once fully operational, Université Paris Cité will offfer 5% of all PhD degrees in France.

Université Paris Cité is committed to a doctoral policy aimed at research training and training by research. It trains future researchers and teacher-researchers as well as future high-level executives.

Astronomy and Astrophysics Ile-de-France – ED 127 Director : Mr. Thierry FOUCHET Contact : Mrs. Jacqueline PLANCY

Environmental Sciences Ile-de-France – ED 129 Director : Mrs Pascale BOURUET-AUBERTOT Contact : Mrs Laurence AMSILI-TOUCHON

Doctoral School of Computer Science, Telecommunications, Electronics of Paris (EDITE) – ED 130 Director : Mr. Carlos AGON Contact : Mrs Rose NAHAN

Language, Litterature and Imagery : civilisations and humanities – ED 131 Director : Mr. Mathieu DUPLAY Co-director : Mrs Emmanuelle ANDRE Contact : Mrs Robin CHEVALIER

Cognition, Brain, Behaviour (ED3C) – ED 158 Director : Mr Alain TREMBLEAU Deputy director UPCité   :Mrs Thérèse COLLINS Contact : Mrs Hélène JOUANNE

Cognition, Behaviour, Human behaviour (3CH) – ED 261 Director : Mrs Karine DORE-MAZARS Contact : Mrs Lucie ALEX

Legal, political sciences, economics and management – ED 262 Director  : Mrs Anémone CARTIER-BRESSON Contact : Mrs Josie YEYE

Mathematical science Paris Centre – ED 386 Director : M. Elisha FALBEL Co-director  : M. Pierre-Henri CHAUDOUARD Contact : Mrs Amina HARITI

Physical Chemistry and Analytical chemistry – ED 388 Director : Mrs Alexa COURTY Contact : Mrs Konnavadee SOOBRAYEN

Pierre Louis Doctoral School of Public Health in Paris : Epidemiology and Biomedical Information Sciences – ED 393 Director  : Mr. Pierre-Yves BOËLLE Contact : Mrs Koltoum BEN SAID

Research in Psychoanalysis – ED 450 Director : Mrs Mi-Kyung YI Co-director : Mr Thamy AYOUCH Contact : Mr Ali BRADOR

Frontiers of Innovation in Research and Education (FIRE) – ED 474 Director : Mrs Muriel MAMBRINI-DOUDET  Co-directeur David TARESTE Contact : Mrs Elodie KASLIKOWSKI

Earth and Environmental Sciences and Physics of the Universe – ED 560 Director : Mr. Fabien CASSE Contacts : Mrs Alissa MARTEAU

Hematology, Oncogenesis, and Biotherapies – ED 561 Director  : Mr. Raphaël ITZYKSON Contacts : Mr Maxime DA CUNHA / Mrs Aurélie BULTELLE

Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité – ED 562 Director : Mrs Caroline LE VAN KIM – Co-Director : Mrs Chantal DESDOUETS Contacts : Mr Louis DUVAL-KISTER

Drug Toxicology, Chemistry and Imaging (MTCI) – ED 563 Director  : Mrs Marie-Christine LALLEMAND Contact : Mrs Elisabeth HOMBRADOS

Physics in Ile de France – ED 564 Director  : Mr Frédéric CHEVY Co-director : Mr Philippe LAFARGE Contact : Mrs Monia MESTAR

Sports, Motricity and Humain mobility sciences (SSMMH) – ED 566 Director  : Mrs Isabelle SIEGLER Co-director : Mr. Bernard ANDRIEU Contact : Mrs Marie-Pierre RICHOUX

Language Sciences – ED 622 Director : Mrs Caterina DONATI Contact : Mrs Chafia AIT-HELAL

Knowledge, Science, Education – ED 623 Co-Director : Mr. Fabrice VANDEBROUCK Co-Director : Mrs Anne BARRERE Contact : Mrs Agathe TRAN

Social Sciences – ED 624

Department 1 Director : Mrs Véronique PETIT Contact : Mr. Jérôme BROCHERIOU

Department 2

Director : Mr Antoine REBERIOUX Contact : Mrs Sarah RAHMANI

More information :

Doctoral School website for more information The following content is in French French higher education system chart

Support PSL

The Graduate Program in Law offers a comprehensive curriculum of advanced study and research, from the Master's to the Doctorate degree, in corporate and tax law, estate law, public administration and international law. Through its association with the Dauphine Law Research Center ( Cr2D ) and researchers in law from the ENA and ENS, the graduate program offers a Master’s degree in which research plays a central role. Students may also choose elective courses designed to improve their transdisciplinary skills and broaden their curriculum.

Key figures

International, European and comparative law

Business law, public and private law, tax law

Public administration

A five-year track from Master’s to PhD

Upon entering the Master’s degree program, each student will define their scientific project with the graduate program's faculty and researchers. Students will have an academic advisor and will be heavily involved in research throughout the program.

Choose your Master’s degree and define your academic path

The graduate program offers the following Master’s degree:

Enhance and customize your academic path: elective courses

Complementary university-wide courses.

Graduate program students at both the Master’s and PhD level have access to university-wide trainings in core competencies, both introductory and advanced, designed to supplement their academic study. Those complementary university-wide courses, available in all of PSL’s component schools, are eligible for ECTS credit.

Data Science Program

Career opportunities.

Trained in and through research, PSL alumni find numerous employment opportunities in the public, private and entrepreneurial sectors as well as in the academic world.

Pursue a PhD

Doctoral research is conducted in a PSL laboratory. Training is conducted in a doctoral school.

Graduate program doctoral schools

• Ecole doctorale Sciences de la Décision, des Organisations, de la Société et de l’Echange (SDOSE) – ED 543

Graduate program laboratories

Graduate Program Directors :

• Louis Perreau-Saussine (Dauphine - PSL)
• Hélène Tissandier (Dauphine - PSL)

[email protected]

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International doctoral programs

International collaborations are an integral part of research. Some programs in particular enable the development an international experience in the context of doctoral education.

Published on 4/12/2019 - Updated on 6/03/2024

China Scholarship Council – Sorbonne University

The China Scholarship Council (CSC) and Sorbonne University have established a collaborative program offering excellent doctoral education to Chinese candidates in all disciplines represented at Sorbonne University. Doctoral candidates are hosted in a laboratory under the supervision of Sorbonne University and receive a scholarship funded by the CSC . This scholarship is for a maximum of 4 years. Its amount is currently 1350 €/month (amount periodically re-evaluated by the CSC). In addition, doctoral candidates will have to pay administrative fees. Candidates having obtained the CSC scholarship are required to commit to returning to China after the defense of the thesis or after a postdoctoral stay abroad (after agreement of the CSC).

Recruitment campaign

It takes place in several stages:

• A call for doctoral research projects is launched to researchers and academic researchers at Sorbonne University. The doctoral research projects are then validated by the doctoral schools and published.
• Chinese candidates send their applications to the project leaders , who forward the files of the candidates they have pre-selected to the doctoral schools. The candidates' files are examined by each doctoral school, which may issue a pre-admission letter subject to funding.
• The list of all candidates pre-selected by the Sorbonne University doctoral schools is sent to the CSC.
• Candidates must then apply in China on the CSC website . They are evaluated by the Chinese party, which notifies and awards the thesis scholarship if necessary.

Eligibility conditions of candidates

The CSC 2021 is only open to candidates of Chinese nationality who do not have any job outside the Chinese territory at the time of their application . They must demonstrate a very good level of English and, for some fields of humanities and social sciences, a very good level of French (B2 minimum, C1 recommended).

Student in China

• Be a student in the final year of a master's degree or have recently graduated or,
• Be in the first year of the PhD program, a letter of recommendation from the home university will be required.

Chinese student abroad

• Be a student in the final year of a master's degree or have graduated less than a year before applying for the scholarship.

  Calendar 2021-2022

• October 1st: Postinf of  validated projects on the Sorbonne University website , opening of students applications, Chinese candidates contact the project leaders and send them an application file . Applicants  submit their application file under this   link .
• January 31 : Closing of applications. The project leaders sent the selected application after hearing the candidates at their doctoral school. 
• Until february 21 : after examination, the Doctoral schools send the signed and stamped pre-admission letters of the selected candidates to the doctoral college
• February 28 : The doctoral collège send the pre-admissions letters to the candidates
• Until March 31 : The candidates selected by Sorbonne Universite candidate on CSC website
• May 31 : Diffusion of results by the CSC to Sorbonne Université. Results are send to candidates as well as project leaders. 

Doctoral project proposed for 2022

See doctoral project proposed for 2022

Admission file

Link to submit application

Request for specific assistance for doctoral fellows (sciences) - ASDB

For all doctoral candidates who will be affiliated to the Faculty of Sciences of the Sorbonne University, the ASDB should be set up in order to complete the 1350 euros of scholarships More information Contact for ASDB related issues

For any questions (except for the ASDB), please contact Camille Vignes [email protected]

Modeling of Complex Systems (MSC) Program

European founding myths in arts and literature.

Sorbonne University / University of Bonn / University of Florence

The Universities of Bonn, Florence and Sorbonne have agreed on a jointly structured doctoral training course with the title "Founding Myths of Europe in Literature, Arts and Music". The disciplines concerned arethe various philologies and literatures, the history of art and music, history, political science, philosophy, sociology, without a priori restrictions. Doctoral candidates prepare a thesis on the founding myths of Europe.

• More information on the website of the University of Bonn

Italian Studies

Since 2006, the Universities of Florence, Bonn and Sorbonne have agreed on a doctoral Program with a common structure and the mention "International Doctorate in Italian Studies". The whole of Italian Studies (Literature, Language, Civilisation, Performing Arts, Cinema) is covered in this training.

Coordinator: Professor Andrea FABIANO (ED 020: Civilisations, Cultures, Literature and Societies)

• For more information, visit the Italian Literature and Culture Team website.

Humanism and Rebirth

Sorbonne University / University of Florence

Sorbonne University have signed a collaboration with the University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze) that enables doctoral candidates working on the world of European Humanism, in all disciplines to enrolled in this framework.  The doctoral candidates will obtain the double title of Doctor of the University of Florence and Doctor of Sorbonne University, when they have defended their doctorate, directed in partnership by professors from both universities.

The language of the doctorate must be either French or Italian; the subject must be on the texts (literary forms, philosophy, art, aesthetics...) of Humanism and the Renaissance (14th-16th centuries), transmitting the ancient tradition, and/or their posterity.

Coordinator: Professor Hélène CASANOVA-ROBIN Professor of Latin Literature (specialist in Humanism) Director of the E.A. 4081 Rome and its renaissances ED 022 Ancient and Medieval Worlds

• For more information

Joint Ca'Foscari-Sorbonne University Program

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PhD position at IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) in Earth sciences, geomechanics Graded damage approach for modelling of fractured regions in subsurface

regularized model in which a local damage law is augmented via convex constraints of non-local type. The main purpose of the PhD thesis is to extend the graded damage framework to deal with damage of porous

Seismic wave propagation in multi-scale fractured media

through mechanical properties derived from mechanical tests or seismic wave data. The aim of the PhD project is to improve our understanding of the interaction between seismic waves and fractures

Effects of 30km/h speed zones and limits interventions (including 30 km/h cities) in urban environments on road traffic crashes: Application to the Great Lyon metropole

of the PhD project BACKGROUND: Road safety is a major public health problem. In 2023, although the global death toll has fallen by 5% since 2010, road crashes are still responsible for 1.19 million deaths and

Multiphysics and multiscale approach for air pollutant mitigation using ZnO depolluting panels: simulation and experiment

technologies through the city digital twin. In the proposed PhD subject, we focus on ZnO nanostructure based depolluting panels to reduce human exposure at the district scale. First studies on ZnO nanostructure

THERMOELECTRICITY OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS

and K are related by the Wiedemann-Franz law . In order to overcome this difficulty, low dimensional systems are promising, for they introduce additional degrees of freedom, such as the characteristic

PhD student (M/F) in biomechanics

Oct 2024 Is the job funded through the EU Research Framework Programme? Not funded by an EU programme Is the Job related to staff position within a Research Infrastructure? No Offer Description The PhD

Postdoc Position (M/F)

). - Vacation and maternity/paternity leave according to French law regulations. Requirements Research FieldChemistryEducation LevelPhD or equivalent Research FieldPhysicsEducation LevelPhD or equivalent Research

Estimation of the national number of injured in a road traffic crash in France: benefits from using data from the fire and rescue services

road traffic accidents. In France, several systems are in place to collect information on road traffic injuries, including healthcare services, law enforcement, and departmental fire and rescue services

PhD thesis: Motion and packing of dendrites during solidification – modeling and scale bridging

. The phenomena in this zone are one of the key factors for the formation of the nonuniform structure and chemical composition in castings. Objectives and Methods The objective of the PhD thesis is to answer

PhD offer: Control of porosity variation in concrete pavements under the influence of evaporative water flow

model will be necessary by explicitly taking into account the pores in a representative elementary volume with scaling laws to model the material at the macroscopic scale. For this, a thermo-poro-elastic

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Doctoral programmes

The université de toulouse offers 15 doctoral programmes.

The 15 Doctoral Programmes represent a research potential of 5,300 scientists working in top ranking research centers and 4,300 PhD Candidates (among whom 40% are international students).

The École des Docteurs has a unique dedicated  International PhD Office , federated the 15 doctoral schools, providing information, advice and support for PhD candidates wishing to study abroad and international students wishing to enroll in a PhD programmes at the Université de Toulouse. "L'École des Docteurs" representing a total of 9,100 research personnel, including 5,100 academic staff and 4,300 PhD students, with 900 PhDs awarded per year. It covers all scientific domains and it is located in the Occitanie region.

15 Doctoral programmes

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• Aeronautics and astronautics - AA (.pdf)
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and Material Sciences SDM (.pdf)
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• Science for Ecology, Veterinary, Agronomy and Bioengineering SEVAB (.pdf)

♦ Social Sciences & Humanities

• Arts, Literature, Languages, Philosophy, Information and Communication - ALLPH@ (.pdf)
• Communication, Language, Education, Socialisation and Cognition - CLESCO (.pdf)
• Management Science - SG (.pdf)
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• Time, Territory, Societies and Cultures - TESC (.pdf)
• Toulouse School of Economics - TSE (.pdf)

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'It's about time:' France considers a law to ban hair discrimination

Lawmakers in France’s lower house of parliament on Thursday approved a bill that would ban discrimination over the texture, length, color or style of someone’s hair.

The bill’s authors hope the groundbreaking bill sends a message of support to Black people and others who have faced hostility in the workplace and beyond  because of their hair .

But the measure still faces a long road ahead. It goes to the Senate next, where it could face opposition.

While only 50 of the National Assembly’s 577 lawmakers were on hand for the vote, they overwhelmingly backed the bill in a 44-2 vote. There were four abstentions.

Supporters of the measure outside parliament were overjoyed that the bill made it to the legislative body.

“It’s about time,” exclaimed Estelle Vallois, a 43-year-old consultant getting her short, coiled hair cut in a Paris salon, where the hairdressers are trained to handle all types of hair — a rarity in France. “Today, we’re going even further toward taking down these barriers of discrimination.”

The draft law echoes  similar legislation  in more than 20 U.S. states. The bill was proposed by Olivier Serva, a French lawmaker from the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. He says that if it eventually becomes law, it would make France the first country in the world to recognize discrimination based on hair at a national level.

“This is a great step forward for our country,” Serva said after the vote. “France has done itself proud.”

The bill would amend existing anti-discrimination measures in the labor code and criminal code to explicitly outlaw discrimination against people with curly and coiled hair or other hairstyles perceived as unprofessional, as well as bald people. It doesn’t specifically target race-based discrimination, though that was the primary motivation for the bill.

“People who don’t fit in Eurocentric standards are facing discrimination, stereotypes and bias,” Serva, who is Black, told The Associated Press.

Leftist parties and members of President Emmanuel Macron’s centrist party Renaissance have supported the bill, which was enough to get it through the National Assembly. The bill is now headed for the conservative-dominated Senate, where it will likely face opposition from right-wing and far-right lawmakers who see it as an effort to import U.S. concepts about race and racial discrimination to France.

In the United States, 24 states have adopted a version of the CROWN Act — which stands for Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair — banning race-based hair discrimination in employment, housing, schools and in the military. U.S. federal legislation  passed in the House  in 2022, but Senate Republicans blocked it a month later.

Opponents of the French bill say France’s legal framework already offers enough protection to people facing discrimination over their natural Afro hair, braids, cornrows or locs.

Authors of the bill disagree. One example they cite is a Black French flight attendant who sued Air France after he was denied access to a flight because of his braids and was coerced into wearing a wig with straight hair. Aboubakar Traoré won his case in 2022 after a decade-long judiciary battle. But the court ruled that he wasn’t discriminated against over his hair, but because he is a man, since his female counterparts were allowed to wear braids.

France doesn’t collect official data about race, because it follows a  universalist vision  that doesn’t differentiate citizens by ethnic groups, which makes it difficult to measure race-based hair discrimination.

Advocates of the bill hope it addresses Black French people’s long struggle to embrace their natural hair.

Aude Livoreil-Djampou, a hairdresser and mother of three mixed-race children, said that while some people view the draft law as frivolous, it’s about something deeper.

“It’s not only a hair issue. It will give strength to people to be able to answer, when asked to straighten their hair, they can say: ’No, this is not legal, you cannot expect that from me, it has nothing to do with my professional competence.’”

Djampou-Livoreil’s salon takes care of all kinds of clients, from those with straight hair to those with tight curls.

“It’s very moving to have a 40-year-old woman, sometimes in a very high position, finally embracing her natural beauty. And it happens every day,” she said.

Salon customer Vallois hopes that her 5-year-old daughter will live in the future in a society that doesn’t stigmatize their hair.

“When I was younger, I remember lamenting the lack of salons and even hair products (for frizzy hair) — there was a time when, unfortunately, we had to use products designed for European hair and not adapted to our hair. I’m glad, today, that things are more accessible and there’s change,” she said.

“There’s no reason to be ashamed of who you are, whether it’s your hair or even the fact that you don’t have any!”

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Home > PhD Program > Doctoral and post-doctoral visiting fellows

Doctoral and post-doctoral visiting fellows

Each year the Sciences Po Law School's doctoral program hosts visiting students and visiting researchers from around the world. Visitors are generally doctoral students or post-doctoral researchers in Law at institutions overseas who are eager to pursue their research within Sciences Po Law School academic community.

They normally are in residence at the Law School for up to one academic year.

Eligibility

To qualify as a doctoral visiting fellow, an applicant must be enrolled in a doctorate degree program (preferably in the field of law, other PhD students in social sciences will be considered if they justify that their research would benefit from a research stay at the law school).

Doctoral students must be at least in the second year of their studies at the time of their visit. Students entering their first year are not eligible.

To qualify as a post-doctoral visiting fellow, an applicant must be enrolled in a university or research institution and have defended his/her PhD in the last 3 years.

Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Visiting Fellows must be sponsored by a faculty member who is willing to act as an advisor to the proposed research project, and it is their responsibility to contact appropriate faculty members and arrange for such sponsorship.

All Visiting Fellows must provide their own funding.

Duration of stay

Research stays might be planned from a minimum of 3 months to one year. Although visits may extend into the summer, visits for the summer months alone will not be approved.

Any renewal will have to be approved by the Doctoral jury.

Benefits of participation

The Fellowship Program provides visitors access to facilities of the Law School and of Sciences Po (full library privileges, attendance of and participation in colloquia and other scholarly presentations at the Law School...), in order for them to conduct research on an approved topic while in residence and to consult with faculty members.

Visiting PhD and post-doctoral researchers are entitled to the Sciences Po Law School Visiting Doctoral / Post-Doctoral Fellow title.

Conditions of fellowship

Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Fellows are:

• expected to conduct their proposed research on Sciences Po premises
• encouraged to participate in the law school’s and Sciences Po’s scholarly life and events
• encouraged to present their research at a Colloquium organized by the Doctoral program
• encouraged to mention in the publications resulting from their stay in Sciences Po Law School, the following: "This paper has benefited from a Visiting Fellowship at Sciences Po Law School in [date]"

Appointment as a Sciences Po Law School Fellow is incompatible with any concurrent appointment (i.e. teaching, fellowships, practice etc.).

Application

Because of the large number of applications we receive each year, the Sciences Po Law School is unable to accommodate all those who express interest in visiting for research purposes. Applications are examined by a Committee for Doctoral Studies in Law. In selecting applicants for visitor status, the Committee considers the applicant's background and motivation, academic achievement, and research proposal, as well as the availability of SPLS faculty for consultation in the proposed research area. The Committee pays particular attention to the relevance, the coherence and the originality of the research proposals.

Applications for academic year must be received no later than March 15th.

A completed application consists of the following components:

• the application form completed
• copy of ID (Passport)
• resume or curriculum vitae
• letter(s) of recommendation

These documents must be sent by e-mail to Lidiwine Kerbourc'h , Administrative Officer of the PhD program in Law.

Application Form (Word, 72 Ko)

Testimony of Aslihan Deniz Bilgehan, Doctoral Visiting Fellow

She shares her experiences about her stay at Sciences Po Law School

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Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law  

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• Safeguards on general purpose artificial intelligence  
• Limits on the use of biometric identification systems by law enforcement  
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• Right of consumers to launch complaints and receive meaningful explanations  

On Wednesday, Parliament approved the Artificial Intelligence Act that ensures safety and compliance with fundamental rights, while boosting innovation.

The regulation, agreed in negotiations with member states in December 2023, was endorsed by MEPs with 523 votes in favour, 46 against and 49 abstentions.

It aims to protect fundamental rights, democracy, the rule of law and environmental sustainability from high-risk AI, while boosting innovation and establishing Europe as a leader in the field. The regulation establishes obligations for AI based on its potential risks and level of impact.

Banned applications

The new rules ban certain AI applications that threaten citizens’ rights, including biometric categorisation systems based on sensitive characteristics and untargeted scraping of facial images from the internet or CCTV footage to create facial recognition databases. Emotion recognition in the workplace and schools, social scoring, predictive policing (when it is based solely on profiling a person or assessing their characteristics), and AI that manipulates human behaviour or exploits people’s vulnerabilities will also be forbidden.

Law enforcement exemptions

The use of biometric identification systems (RBI) by law enforcement is prohibited in principle, except in exhaustively listed and narrowly defined situations. “Real-time” RBI can only be deployed if strict safeguards are met, e.g. its use is limited in time and geographic scope and subject to specific prior judicial or administrative authorisation. Such uses may include, for example, a targeted search of a missing person or preventing a terrorist attack. Using such systems post-facto (“post-remote RBI”) is considered a high-risk use case, requiring judicial authorisation being linked to a criminal offence.

Obligations for high-risk systems

Clear obligations are also foreseen for other high-risk AI systems (due to their significant potential harm to health, safety, fundamental rights, environment, democracy and the rule of law). Examples of high-risk AI uses include critical infrastructure, education and vocational training, employment, essential private and public services (e.g. healthcare, banking), certain systems in law enforcement, migration and border management, justice and democratic processes (e.g. influencing elections). Such systems must assess and reduce risks, maintain use logs, be transparent and accurate, and ensure human oversight. Citizens will have a right to submit complaints about AI systems and receive explanations about decisions based on high-risk AI systems that affect their rights.

Transparency requirements

General-purpose AI (GPAI) systems, and the GPAI models they are based on, must meet certain transparency requirements, including compliance with EU copyright law and publishing detailed summaries of the content used for training. The more powerful GPAI models that could pose systemic risks will face additional requirements, including performing model evaluations, assessing and mitigating systemic risks, and reporting on incidents.

Additionally, artificial or manipulated images, audio or video content (“deepfakes”) need to be clearly labelled as such.

Measures to support innovation and SMEs

Regulatory sandboxes and real-world testing will have to be established at the national level, and made accessible to SMEs and start-ups, to develop and train innovative AI before its placement on the market.

During the plenary debate on Tuesday, the Internal Market Committee co-rapporteur Brando Benifei (S&D, Italy) said: “We finally have the world’s first binding law on artificial intelligence, to reduce risks, create opportunities, combat discrimination, and bring transparency. Thanks to Parliament, unacceptable AI practices will be banned in Europe and the rights of workers and citizens will be protected. The AI Office will now be set up to support companies to start complying with the rules before they enter into force. We ensured that human beings and European values are at the very centre of AI’s development”.

Civil Liberties Committee co-rapporteur Dragos Tudorache (Renew, Romania) said: “The EU has delivered. We have linked the concept of artificial intelligence to the fundamental values that form the basis of our societies. However, much work lies ahead that goes beyond the AI Act itself. AI will push us to rethink the social contract at the heart of our democracies, our education models, labour markets, and the way we conduct warfare. The AI Act is a starting point for a new model of governance built around technology. We must now focus on putting this law into practice”.

The regulation is still subject to a final lawyer-linguist check and is expected to be finally adopted before the end of the legislature (through the so-called corrigendum procedure). The law also needs to be formally endorsed by the Council.

It will enter into force twenty days after its publication in the official Journal, and be fully applicable 24 months after its entry into force, except for: bans on prohibited practises, which will apply six months after the entry into force date; codes of practise (nine months after entry into force); general-purpose AI rules including governance (12 months after entry into force); and obligations for high-risk systems (36 months).

The Artificial Intelligence Act responds directly to citizens’ proposals from the Conference on the Future of Europe (COFE), most concretely to proposal 12(10) on enhancing EU’s competitiveness in strategic sectors, proposal 33(5) on a safe and trustworthy society, including countering disinformation and ensuring humans are ultimately in control, proposal 35 on promoting digital innovation, (3) while ensuring human oversight and (8) trustworthy and responsible use of AI, setting safeguards and ensuring transparency, and proposal 37 (3) on using AI and digital tools to improve citizens’ access to information, including persons with disabilities.

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Further information  

• Link to adopted text (13.03.2024)  
• Plenary debate (12.03.2024)  
• Procedure file  
• EP Research Service: compilation of studies on Artificial Intelligence  
• Result of roll-call votes (13.03.2024)  
• Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection  
• Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs  

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U.S.-Funded Broadcaster Leaves Hong Kong, Citing Security Law

Radio Free Asia, which ran a small operation in Hong Kong, said its staff was at risk because of the law’s sweeping definition of “external interference.”

By David Pierson

Reporting from Hong Kong

The United States-funded news service Radio Free Asia said on Friday that it has closed its office in Hong Kong because of concerns about the city’s recently enacted national security law that targets so-called foreign interference.

Hong Kong’s new national security law, which was passed with unusual speed earlier this month, raised “serious questions about our ability to operate in safety,” the broadcaster’s president and chief executive, Bay Fang, said in a statement . Radio Free Asia said that it had relocated some employees from Hong Kong to Taiwan, the United States, or elsewhere, and laid others off.

The authorities in China have long accused Radio Free Asia, also known as R.F.A., of being a front for the U.S. government. In its statement, the news organization noted that officials in Hong Kong had also recently referred to R.F.A. as a “foreign force” in the context of how it covered the discussion over the new security law.

Hong Kong enacted the security law on March 23 , giving the city’s authorities more power to investigate such offenses as “external interference” and the theft of state secrets. The city’s officials, including its security chief, Chris Tang, have insisted that freedoms would be protected and the law would only target national security threats. The government declined a request to comment on Radio Free Asia’s departure, pointing instead to national security laws in other countries to justify legislation in Hong Kong.

“To single out Hong Kong and suggest that journalists would only experience concerns when operating here but not in other countries would be grossly biased, if not outrageous,” a government spokesman said in an emailed statement.

But advocates of press freedom say the laws significantly raise the risks for journalists operating in the city. Its vague definition of external interference can be broadly applied to regular journalistic work, the activists say .

Hong Kong’s status as one of Asia’s most vibrant capitals of free and independent media has eroded precipitously since Beijing imposed a sweeping crackdown on the city in response to antigovernment protests that erupted there in 2019.

In 2020, China directly imposed a national security law on the city that effectively silenced dissent there. Newsrooms were raided and editors arrested, forcing the closure of Apple Daily, a popular pro-democracy newspaper, as well as smaller, independent outlets such as Stand News and Citizen News.

The founder of Apple Daily, Jimmy Lai, is currently on trial on national security charges and is accused of masterminding the 2019 demonstrations. Two senior editors for Stand News are also on trial, accused of publishing what the authorities have called seditious material, which includes profiles of pro-democracy activists.

The government also imposed an overhaul of Radio Television Hong Kong, a public broadcaster that once was known for reporting critically on officials; programs were canceled and staff members replaced.

This year, as Hong Kong moved swiftly to pass its own security laws, the Hong Kong Journalists Association warned of a chilling effect. Leaks from government sources regarding personnel changes, financial budgets, police investigations and other matters in the public interest could be subject to national security laws, the group warned.

Officials say those concerns are misplaced and that there are sufficient safeguards in the laws to protect regular reporting.

In the past months, the Hong Kong government has taken a far more adversarial stance against foreign media. Officials have lashed out about a guest essay published in The New York Times and an editorial by The Washington Post, as well as news articles by the BBC and Bloomberg about the national security legislation, describing the reports as scaremongering. (In 2020, The Times announced it would relocate its Hong Kong-based digital news operation to Seoul after the first security law was imposed.)

Cédric Alviani, the Asia-Pacific bureau director of Reporters Without Borders, said Hong Kong’s national security laws are placing pressure on local journalists to censor themselves to avoid crossing the government’s “blurry red lines.”

“What we’re seeing is the Chinese system of repression against the right to information and independent journalism is being applied more and more in Hong Kong,” Mr. Alviani said.

Radio Free Asia said its audience for content in Cantonese, the main language spoken in the city, grew sharply after the closures of Apple Daily and Stand News in 2021. Even so, it had already been suspending some of its Cantonese reports and programming because of concerns over China’s national security law.

The news outlet ran a small operation in Hong Kong; Ms. Fang, the president, said that it would retain its media license there and would cover Hong Kong remotely.

Radio Free Asia denies that it serves as a proxy for Washington. Though it is funded by the U.S. government’s Agency for Global Media, it says it maintains a legislative firewall that bars journalistic interference from U.S. officials.

Olivia Wang contributed research.

David Pierson covers Chinese foreign policy and China’s economic and cultural engagement with the world. He has been a journalist for more than two decades. More about David Pierson

Fact Check: Angela Chao was CEO of Foremost Group, not Dali-owner Grace Ocean

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https://www.barrons.com/news/us-outlet-radio-free-asia-closes-hong-kong-office-over-security-law-fears-9d7afd14

• FROM AFP NEWS

US Outlet Radio Free Asia Closes Hong Kong Office Over Security Law Fears

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Hong Kong enacted a homegrown security law that introduced tough penalties for crimes such as treason, espionage and external interference

ADDS Blinken report to Congress

The US news outlet Radio Free Asia (RFA) said Friday it had closed its Hong Kong office over staff safety concerns after the city enacted a controversial new national security law.

The Chinese finance hub last week brought into force a homegrown security law -- commonly known as Article 23 -- that introduced tough penalties for crimes such as treason, espionage and external interference.

The law, which prompted swift criticism by several democracies and rights organizations, will work in tandem with a 2020 Beijing-imposed version that has silenced nearly all dissent in Hong Kong and seen nearly 300 people arrested since its enactment.

RFA president and CEO Bay Fang said in a statement that the company no longer had full-time staff in Hong Kong and has closed its physical office, citing "concerns about the safety of RFA staff and reporters."

"Actions by Hong Kong authorities, including referring to RFA as a 'foreign force,' raise serious questions about our ability to operate in safety with the enactment of Article 23," Fang said.

A Hong Kong government spokesperson declined to comment on "operational decisions of individual organizations," but said authorities "strongly disapprove of and condemn all scaremongering and smearing remarks" in relation to the national security law.

"To single out Hong Kong and suggest that journalists would only experience concerns when operating here but not in other countries would be grossly biased, if not outrageous," the spokesperson told AFP on Friday.

Hong Kong's security chief Chris Tang slammed RFA last month for "smearing" Article 23 when it reported that some new offenses would target the media.

RFA's article had quoted criticism of the law.

When asked whether RFA had breached the law, Tang later said that he wanted to alert the public to wrong information peddled by "foreign forces."

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, in a report Friday delivered to Congress, said that China has kept chipping away at the autonomy promised to Hong Kong when Britain handed it back in 1997.

Article 23 could be used "to eliminate dissent inside Hong Kong" and overseas as part of China's "ongoing campaign of transnational repression," Blinken said in a statement.

RFA, headquartered in Washington with broadcasts in nine Asian languages, was founded in 1996 with a mission to provide news coverage of places that restrict free media.

RFA is funded by the US Congress but with a mandate of editorial independence.

US Representative Greg Meeks, the top Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, hailed RFA as a "rare source of independent news coming out of Hong Kong despite facing unrelenting pressure and harassment."

"The closure of RFA's bureau in Hong Kong, after 28 years, is a stark reminder of how brazenly Beijing has extinguished Hong Kong's autonomy," Meeks said.

Fang said that RFA would still cover Hong Kong, but in the same way as it does in closed media environments where the organization cannot station staff.

RFA is the first foreign media outlet to publicly announce its closure in Hong Kong since the national security law came into effect on March 23.

Hong Kong officials have defended the new security legislation as necessary to "plug" security loopholes.

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