maize farming business plan in south africa

Maize Farming in South Africa

In 2021/22, South Africa was the ninth largest producer of maize (also known as “mielies” and corn) in the world, and the largest maize producer in Africa. The country produces around 14 million tonnes of maize per year, of which around 12 million tonnes are white maize and 2 million tonnes are yellow maize.

South Africa has a long tradition of maize farming, and the crop is well-suited to the climate and soils found here. Maize (also known as “mielies”) is grown in all provinces of the country, with the majority of maize in 2020/21 being produced in the Free State, Mpumalanga and the North West provinces.

It is one of the most important crops in South Africa, as it is the main source of food for millions of people. The majority of maize produced in South Africa is used for human consumption, while a smaller percentage is used for animal feed and other industrial uses.

Maize farming in South Africa is dominated by large commercial farmers, who produce the majority of the country's maize crop. However, there are also many small-scale farmers, who produce a significant proportion of the country's maize. There are more than 10 000 small-scale and commercial farmers growing maize in South Africa. The majority of these growers are located in the central and eastern parts of the country, where the climate is conducive to maize production.

Maize is typically planted in summer, and harvested in late winter or early spring.

Maize exports from South Africa

South Africa produced approximately 15 million metric tons of maize in 2021/2022 , down from 16.3 the year before ( a yield of 5.92t/ha) . This is down 8% on the 2020/21 season crop but still way above 12,80 million tonnes, the 10-year average maize harvest.

With our annual domestic consumption at 11,80 million tonnes, South Africa will remain a nett exporter of maize, and in the 2022/23 marketing year (May/April), exports are forecast to reach an above-average level of 3 million tonnes, a significant amount of this going to Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and other neighbouring countries; yellow maize (generally used as animal feed) is exported to Asian countries.

Maize cultivars planted in South Africa

There are many different types of maize that are grown in South Africa, but the most common are white and yellow maize. White maize is mostly used for human consumption, while yellow maize is used mainly for animal feed.

Some of the most popular varieties of white maize grown in South Africa include:

Pioneer 1184

Some of the most popular varieties of yellow maize grown in South Africa include:

Outlook for South Africa's maize industry

South Africa’s maize provinces experienced very heavy rains during December planting in 2021 (58% above the 10-year average for the Free State, 73% above average in North West and 40% above average in Mpumalanga), resulting in a 5.3% reduction in planted acreage.

However, by 14 February 2022, Gro Intelligence was reporting that precipitation amounts had returned to normal, and soil moisture levels were favourable. In fact, Gro’s Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which measures the greenness and density of the crop as captured in a satellite image, showed “an important measure of vegetative health… currently at its second-highest reading in 20 years”, and it is thought that another bumper year is on its way , though figures will not be in record territory.

Wandile Sihlobo, Chief Economist at AgriBiz, notes that the effect of the resumption of grain exports from Ukraine has had a marginal effect on grain prices, and believes that the risks in the market will mean that they are unlikely to return to the pre-war level. “For example, we still see the lingering effects of the disruptions caused by the war on grain supply chains and markets. Additionally, the concerns about the impact of the drought in the Northern Hemisphere on the 2022/23 global grains and oilseed harvest, along with continued demand for grains in Asian markets, remain critical factors in sustaining prices at relatively higher levels than in the pre-war period…

“These developments for South Africa imply that farmers who manage to get good yields will be in a somewhat better financial position.”

Scenarios & Sensitivity for Maize gross margins assuming lower commodity prices in 2023

Pests and maize

Weeds need to be managed prior to planting and during growing, as do pests. ADAMA has a number of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides to help maize farmers protect their crops. Browse our crop-protection products for maize .

We recommend:

Warlock for Fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda );
Rimon Fast 100SC for Stalk borer ( Busseola fusca ), and
Custodia 320 SC for the following:
Northern leaf blight (𝘌𝘹𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘮 𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘮)
Common brown rust (𝘗𝘶𝘯𝘯𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘢 𝘴𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘩𝘪)
Phosphoremia leaf spot (𝘗𝘩𝘢𝘦𝘰𝘴𝘱𝘩𝘢𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢 𝘮𝘢𝘺𝘥𝘪𝘴)
Sorghum downy mildew (𝘚𝘤𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘢 𝘴𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘩𝘪)
Grey leaf spot (𝘊𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘢 𝘻𝘦𝘢𝘦 - 𝘮𝘢𝘺𝘥𝘪𝘴)

Always consult the label for each product to confirm the best usage and precautions to take.

In conclusion

Maize is a vital food crop in South Africa and is grown throughout the country. Over the past few years, maize production has increased significantly, due to improved farming practices and increased investment in the sector. This has had a positive impact on the economy, as maize is one of the country's major exports. With further development, the future of maize farming in South Africa looks bright.

Farming South Africa

maize farming business plan in south africa

What you should know before starting a maize farm

What you should know before starting a maize farm – (Maize also known as corn or mielies)Maize farming is an agricultural process of growing maize (corn) in fields. Maize is the most important food crop in the world, and is the most important grain crop in developing countries.

Table of Contents

Is maize farming profitable

The profitability of a main maize Farm depends on a variety of factors, including the input costs, the level of yield, and the plantation costs.

Input costs : The input costs for a maize farm depend mainly on the inputs required for the growing process, such as fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides. The costs of these inputs can vary significantly from farm to farm, depending on the type of soil, the climate, and the level of production.

Yield : The yield of maize crops varies significantly from season to season and from field to field. Good yields can be achieved with a variety of inputs, including fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds. However, the level of yield also depends on the variety of maize being grown, the age of the plants, and the inputs used.

Plantation costs : Plantation costs include the costs associated with planting, harvesting, and processing the maize crops. This includes the costs of seeds, fertilizer, and other inputs, as well as the costs of equipment, transportation, and labour.

What you should know before starting a maize farm

How to start a maize (corn or mielie) farm

When starting your own maize farm, there are a few things that you need to take into consideration. One of the most important things to consider is the size of the farm. If the farm is going to be small, you might need to MOVE THE FARM EVERY YEAR. If the farm is larger, it may be possible to keep the farm stationary.

The second important consideration is the location of the farm. You will need to find a location that has good soil, access to water, and is sheltered from the weather.

The last consideration is the type of maize that you are growing. There are several varieties of maize that you can grow, and each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Depending on the variety of maize that you choose, you may need to adjust the other factors that I have mentioned.

Overall, it is important to do plenty of research before starting a maize farm. By taking the time to research the various factors involved, you will be able to build a farm that is tailored specifically to your needs.

Equipment needed to start a maize farm

One of the most important parts of starting a maize farm is the equipment needed. The agricultural equipment can be divided into two types, personal and commercial.

Personal Agricultural Equipment

The first type of equipment is personal agricultural equipment. This equipment is used by the individual farmer. This equipment includes a tractor, a pickup truck, and tractors.

The tractor is the most important piece of personal agricultural equipment. This machine is used to plow, till, and seed.

The pickup truck is also important. This truck is used to move the equipment around the farm.

The tractors are also important. This machine is used to plant, cultivate, and harvest the crops.

Commercial Agricultural Equipment

The second type of equipment is commercial agricultural equipment. This equipment is used by the commercial farmer. This equipment includes a combine, a harvester, and a pickup truck.

The combine is the most important piece of commercial agricultural equipment. This machine is used to combine the threshed grains from the grain crops.

The harvester is also important. This machine is used to cut the grain crops.

What is the best maize to plant in South Africa?

There are many types of maize that can be used in the different parts of South Africa. The best maize to plant in South Africa is the dent corn. Dent corn is a hardier variety of maize and is good for growing in areas that receive a lot of heat and are not well-drained. It is also good for areas that receive a lot of rainfall. The hardiness of dent corn makes it a good choice for areas that are prone to poor soil conditions.

When should maize be planted in South Africa

South Africa’s planting season for maize, the country’s staple crop, runs from late October to mid-December . By the public holiday on December 16, all the seed should be in the ground.

How is maize planted?

Maize is planted in the ground using a rotary hoe, mattock, or spade. The seed is soaked in water overnight to germinate. The young plants are then thinned to 12 plants per square meter (20 plants per acre).

How is maize grown? Maize is grown in a field with a three-foot-tallheader system. The header is a machine that cuts the corn stalks and leaves close to the ground.

What does maize provide? Maize provides food for people, animals, and plants. Maize is a source of calories, protein, and essential vitamins and minerals.

Selling your Maize (corn)

When selling maize, it is important to have a good marketing strategy in place. Markets where maize can be marketed include local supermarkets, convenience stores, farmacies, and other agricultural outlets. Selling maize in bulk is also a good option, as it can be sold at a discount.

Some tips for marketing maize include attending local farmer markets, advertising through word-of-mouth, and having promotions such as reduced pricing or free samples available.

Transporting maize to the corporations

Maize is transferred from a farm to the corporations that produce it in a variety of ways. Maize is usually commercialized by being converted into ethanol, maize products, or feed. Ethanol is mainly converted into gasoline and other fuels. Maize products can be anything from corn chips to ethanol. Corn chips are a common type of product that is commercialized. Maize products are also used in animal feed and high-fat dairy products. Feed is a major concern for farmers because it is an important way to increase yields.

How long does it take from planting to harvesting maize

Maize, also known as corn, is a cereal grain that is grown in many parts of the world. It takes about 150 days from planting to harvesting. The planting process begins by planting the seeds in the ground. The growth of the maize plants will take about 8-10 months. After the plants have grown, they will be harvested. The maize will be dried and ground into flour.

Great Changes for the Farming Industry in South Africa

Farming in South Africa has been experiencing some great changes recently and this is good news for both farmers and consumers. The latest new about farming in South Africa includes a range of factors that are set to make the industry even stronger.

One of the biggest changes is the introduction of new technologies. This has led to a more efficient way of farming and this is good news for both the farmers and the environment. Some of the newer technologies being used include precision farming, robotics, and genomics. These technologies are helping to improve the productivity of the farms and this is a great thing for the economy as a whole.

Another big change that is happening in the farming industry is the shift towards organic farming. This is a trend that is seeing great success in South Africa and it is set to continue growing in popularity. The main benefits of organic farming are that it is more environmentally friendly and it is also better for the farmers themselves. This is because organic farming is more labour-intensive, but it is also much more profitable than conventional farming.

Finally, the farming industry in South Africa is also enjoying a resurgence in popularity thanks to the growing demand for locally-produced goods. This is thanks to the increasing number of consumers who are keen to buy products that are made in their own backyard. This is a trend that is set to continue growing in popularity and it is good news for the economy as a whole.

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How to start a maize farming business in South Africa

March 22, 2021

Learn How to start a maize farming business in South Africa. One of the most important aspects of agricultural farming is maize farming in South Africa. In all countries across the globe, it is farmed. The production of maize is greater than that of wheat or rice and is not only eaten by humans but also used in a variety of regions. Maize, to name a few, will contain maize starch, animal feed, corn ethanol and corn syrup. This article will provide you with the skills you need to start a maize farming business in South Africa.

As with any other company in South Africa, before starting out, you should write a business plan for your maize farming business in South Africa. The business plan should highlight the priorities and goals and all about the business’s entire operations in South Africa.

Maize farming land in South Africa – You will need some land in South Africa, a few hectares to begin with if you want to go do maize farming as a commercial business. Some farmers, right in their backyard, are able to farm maize, but that won’t do anything for your earnings. The farming of home-grown maize is for eating with your family at home. To start with, you need to get approximately 3 to 5 hectares of land. By leasing it or purchasing it, you can get the property. While leasing would be the more viable choice for a new farmer. Maize can grow on almost any soil, but in rich moist soil with a pH between 5.8 and 6.8, it is the best soil to grow maize. The soil’s health will decide the yield you get.
Maize farming machinery in South Africa – You’re not going to be able to work the land alone; you’re going to need maize farming equipment in South Africa to support you. With farming, ploughing, planting and harvesting, the machinery can support. This machinery is typically costly, with some farmers exchanging machinery for a labour force.
You need the right type of corn seed – There are different types of maize species, so it’s crucial to choose the right one for your field. Flour corn, Popcorn, Dent corn, Flint corn, Sweet corn, Waxy corn, Amylomaize, Pod corn, and striped maize are the various types of maize.
Maize farming market research in South Africa – It is necessary to do market research in South Africa, and when planning your maize farming business, questions such as where you will sell your maize after harvest should be answered. Most farmers sell their maize for processing to retail stores or to factories in the secondary sector. You should know to whom, after the harvest, you will sell your maize to in South Africa.
Maize farming work-force – To help you out with all this operation, you will need a few employees; it is not something you are going to be able to do all by yourself. For every country and region, the cost of labour is different.

We hope this article has helped give you an insight into how to start a maize farming business in South Africa. Do you have any questions? feel free to comment or contact me.

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Opportunity rating, risk rating, highlights of a maize farm, starting a maize farm, products and services, how to operate a maize farm, marketing & sale for a maize farm, major risks in a maize farm, how much can you make in a maize farm, step by step guide of starting a maize farm business, would you recommend this opportunity, expert reviews, step-by-step guides from established entrepreneurs and experts: business plans, technical guides, financial analysis, best practices, etc. (pdf, word, excel), compare maize farm to other businesses, maize farm vs. sesame farm, maize farm vs. millet farm, maize farm vs. beans farm, maize farm vs. sorghum farm, maize farm vs. chicken farm, maize farm vs. fish farm.

Farming / Useful Tips

Maize farming in South Africa

by AgriMag Staff Writer · February 28, 2019

Are you interested in maize farming? South Africa makes a significant contribution to maize production across Africa and internationally, and with the right climate and soil conditions, you can set up a successful agricultural enterprise. Find dependable farm equipment for sale on AgriMag and get your business off to a good start.

Maize farming overview

Maize, also referred to as corn, comes in different shapes and various sizes. Maize farming dates back thousands of years, when it was first cultivated in Mexico. Since then there has been a range of different types cultivated to thrive in various conditions. With over one billion tons of maize produced on an international scale, it’s a popular grain crop that forms part of the staple diet of many people. Maize forms 38% of the overall grain production followed by wheat and then rice.

Locally grown, maize makes up a significant contribution to international cultivation. Planted on 2.8 million hectares, locally cultivated maize accounts for 20% of the production in sub-Saharan Africa. The growth of maize production has been promoted by cutting-edge technology as well as the use of genetically modified crops. However, drought has had a negative impact on South Africa’s production over the previous year.

What equipment do you need?

Finding durable equipment for sale is a worthwhile investment for any farmer. Maize farming requires a range of implements, including: ● Tractors ● A combine harvester ● A planter ● An irrigation system ● Tillage implements

What climate is suitable for maize farming?

Maize farming is well-suited to warm weather conditions. If the average temperature drops under 19°C or exceeds 32°C, it’s not the best conditions for cultivating this type of crop. In summer, the best-suited areas for growing maize have a temperature that is higher than 23 °C. While it’s possible for the seeds to grow when the temperature is 10°C, the best conditions are a soil temperature that is between 16°C to 18°C. With a soil temperature of 20°C, the seeds should germinate in five to six days.

Frost is a threat to maize farmers. In order to safeguard the crop, the region should have periods without frost that last for 120 to 140 days. Rainfall is another important consideration and each plant uses 250l of water before it is harvested, providing that there is no moisture stress.

What soil does this type of crop require?

The right soil sets the foundation for your crops to thrive. The ideal clay content for the cultivation of maize is between 10% and 30%. When it comes to maize farming, the following conditions need to be considered: ● Ample depth ● Good structure ● Sufficient internal drainage ● Moisture content ● Balanced nutrients ● Chemical properties

What factors affect crop yield?

Projecting the potential crop yield is an important part of any agricultural enterprise. There are numerous methods that can be used to speculate what yield your maize will generate. Data collection is a useful technique as it takes into account the specific factors of your farm. The following factors impact crop yield potential: ● Fertilisation ● Soil cultivation ● Plant density

Maize farming forms an important part of the South African economy. You can benefit from the demand for this grain by setting up your own maize farm. Looking for the right machines for your business? Find top-quality farm equipment for sale on AgriMag.

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[Pdf Sample] Business Plan For Farming In South Africa Docx

In today’s fast-paced world, the farming industry continues to play a vital role in providing food security and economic stability. South Africa, with its rich agricultural resources, offers numerous opportunities for aspiring farmers and entrepreneurs to establish successful farming businesses.

However, starting a farming business requires careful planning and a comprehensive business plan to ensure long-term success. In this article, we will explore the essential components of a farming business plan specific to South Africa , providing you with the guidance and insights necessary to embark on your farming journey.

[Pdf Sample] Farming Business Plan Proposal In South Africa Docx

To write a business plan , here is a breakdown of how it should be structured and what should be in each category. After this instruction, I will provide you with a sample of one I wrote for my farm , let us go:

Read Also: [Pdf Sample] Business Plan For Vegetable Farming In South Africa Docx

Executive Summary

Introduction to farming in south africa.

In this section, we will discuss the agricultural landscape of South Africa , exploring the diverse range of farming opportunities available. We will delve into the climatic conditions, soil types, and regional considerations that influence farming practices in the country . Additionally, we will highlight the government’s support and incentives for the agricultural sector, providing valuable insights for aspiring farmers.

Read Also: [Pdf Sample] Business Plan For Goat Farming In South Africa Docx

Identifying Target Market and Products

Understanding your target market is crucial for developing a successful farming business . In this section, we will guide you through the process of identifying your target market and selecting the right products to meet their needs. We will explore market trends, consumer preferences, and potential niche markets that can set your farming business apart from the competition.

Market Analysis and Competitor Research

Conducting a comprehensive market analysis is essential for assessing the viability of your farming business . This section will delve into market research techniques, including primary and secondary data collection methods. We will also explore competitor analysis, identifying key competitors in the market and determining strategies to gain a competitive edge.

Farming Methods and Techniques

Choosing the right farming methods and techniques is crucial for optimizing productivity and ensuring sustainable practices. This section will cover various farming methods, including conventional, organic, and hydroponic farming . We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, helping you make informed decisions for your farming business .

Equipment and Infrastructure

Investing in the right equipment and infrastructure is essential for efficient farming operations. In this section, we will guide you through the process of selecting appropriate machinery, tools, and infrastructure based on the specific needs of your farming venture. We will also discuss maintenance and operational considerations to maximize the lifespan and performance of your assets.

Human Resources and Management

Managing human resources effectively is key to the success of any business, including farming enterprises. This section will delve into strategies for recruiting, training, and retaining skilled farm workers. We will explore management structures and delegation of responsibilities to ensure smooth operations and a positive work environment.

Financial Projections and Funding

Developing accurate financial projections is crucial for securing funding and managing the financial aspects of your farming business . This section will guide you through the process of creating a financial plan , including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow projections. We will also discuss funding options and strategies for approaching investors or financial institutions.

Marketing and Sales Strategies

Implementing effective marketing and sales strategies is essential for reaching your target market and generating revenue. This section will explore various marketing channels, including digital marketing, traditional advertising, and direct sales. We will discuss branding, promotional activities, and customer relationship management techniques to help you build a strong customer base.

Risk Assessment and Mitigation

Running a farming business involves inherent risks, including weather fluctuations, pest infestations, and market volatility. This section will guide you through the process of conducting a risk assessment and developing mitigation strategies. We will discuss insurance options, contingency plans, and diversification techniques to safeguard your farming business against potential risks.

Read Also: [Pdf Sample] Business Plan For Snail Farming Docx

Legal and Regulatory Considerations

Sustainability and environmental impact.

Sustainable farming practices are gaining significant importance in today’s agricultural landscape. This section will explore various sustainability initiatives and environmentally friendly farming practices that you can adopt. We will discuss water conservation , soil health management, and biodiversity preservation techniques to minimize your farm’s environmental impact.

Implementation Plan and Timeline

Developing an implementation plan and timeline is crucial for turning your farming business plan into action. In this section, we will guide you through the process of creating a detailed implementation plan, including the sequential steps and milestones to be achieved. We will also discuss project management techniques to ensure the timely execution of your farming operations.

Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring and evaluating the performance of your farming business is essential for making informed decisions and identifying areas for improvement. This section will delve into key performance indicators (KPIs), data tracking tools, and periodic evaluation methods. We will guide you in setting up a robust monitoring and evaluation framework to measure the success of your farming operations.

How long does it take to create a farming business plan?

The time required to create a farming business plan can vary depending on the scale and complexity of your venture. On average, it may take several weeks to thoroughly research, develop, and finalize a comprehensive business plan .

Are there any specific government incentives for farming businesses in South Africa?

Yes, the South African government offers various incentives and support programs for the agricultural sector. These include funding opportunities, training initiatives, and tax incentives. It is advisable to consult with local agricultural authorities or business development organizations for detailed information.

What are some key risks involved in farming businesses?

Can i start a farming business with limited capital.

Starting a farming business with limited capital is possible, but careful financial planning and resource management are essential. Consider alternative funding sources, such as government grants or loans, and explore cost-effective farming techniques to optimize your initial investment.

How can I market my farming products effectively?

In conclusion, establishing a farming business in South Africa requires meticulous planning , market analysis, and a solid business plan. By following the guidelines provided in this article, you will be well-equipped to embark on your farming journey with confidence. Remember to adapt and evolve your strategies as the agricultural landscape changes, and always prioritize sustainability and customer satisfaction.

Maize Farming: South Africa’s Staple Crop and Economic Driver

Maize farming plays a vital role in South Africa as both a staple crop and an economic driver. Maize, also known as corn, is one of the most important crops in the country and is widely cultivated across different regions. Here’s an overview of maize farming in South Africa:

Importance as a Staple Crop: Maize is a staple food for the majority of South Africans, especially in rural areas. It is a key component of the local diet and is consumed in various forms, including maize meal, maize flour, and as a whole grain. Maize provides essential nutrients and calories, making it a crucial food source for the population.
Economic Significance: Maize farming has a significant impact on South Africa’s economy. The country is one of the largest producers of maize in Africa and globally. The maize industry contributes to agricultural output, creates employment opportunities, and generates income for farmers, agribusinesses, and the overall economy.
Agricultural Practices: Maize farming in South Africa involves different agricultural practices, depending on the region and farming system. The cultivation of maize includes land preparation, planting, fertilization, pest and weed control, and harvesting. Farmers utilize various techniques such as mechanization, irrigation, and crop rotation to optimize yields and manage risks.
Climate and Growing Regions: South Africa has diverse climatic conditions, allowing for maize cultivation in different regions. The country experiences both summer and winter rainfall patterns. The primary maize-growing areas include the Free State, Mpumalanga, North West, KwaZulu-Natal, and Gauteng provinces. These regions provide suitable conditions for maize production, including adequate rainfall, fertile soils, and favorable temperatures.
Hybrid Maize Varieties: South African farmers predominantly grow hybrid maize varieties. These hybrids are developed through crossbreeding to exhibit desirable traits such as high yield potential, disease resistance, and adaptation to specific agroecological conditions. The use of hybrid seeds has significantly increased maize productivity in the country.
Government Support: The South African government recognizes the importance of maize farming and provides support to the sector. This support includes agricultural extension services, research and development, access to credit and subsidies, and market facilitation. Government initiatives aim to enhance productivity, promote sustainable farming practices, and ensure food security.
Export Potential: Besides meeting domestic demand, South Africa exports maize to neighboring countries and international markets. Maize exports contribute to foreign exchange earnings and strengthen trade relationships. However, export levels may vary depending on domestic production, market conditions, and regional demand.
Challenges: Maize farming in South Africa faces various challenges. These include climate change impacts, such as droughts and extreme weather events, pests and diseases, market fluctuations, and access to resources and technology. Additionally, land reform policies, transformation, and the empowerment of emerging farmers are ongoing priorities for the agricultural sector.

Overall, maize farming in South Africa serves as a critical source of food and income, driving rural livelihoods and contributing to the nation’s economy. It plays a crucial role in ensuring food security, supporting agricultural development, and fostering socio-economic progress.

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Important general guides for successful maize production

Maize is South Africa’s stable crop, thus, it’s always in high demand. So, for farmers plating or specializing in this crop, it is of utmost important to get each planting cycle right.

The country’s planting season for maize runs from late October to mid-December and all the seed should be in the ground by mid-December. But before planting any kind of crops, there are general guidelines that need to be followed. This lowers chances of any unnecessary loses and on the part of farmers.

Tractor and diesel

The farmer should ensure that diesel and other lubricants are available and the tractor is maintained and serviced. E.g a farmer will require 4000L of diesel to cover 50ha from planting to harvesting.

We share Steps that need to be noted when plating Maize from land preparation, planting to harvesting.

Soil testing

Oh Wait! Planting a garden without first testing the soil is like driving a vehicle while wearing a blindfold.

A soil test measures soil pH, texture, and structure, as well as what nutrients are there and which are lacking. It also examines the texture of the soil. Red clay soil most often needs compost to improve drainage, as is sand. Red clay holds water and drains too slowly, while sand has the opposite problem, drainage is much too fast. The soil test also sometimes advises of how much compost the gardener should add. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are primary ingredients in fertilizer. Some of these will be at an appropriate level in your existing soil. Other minor nutrients contribute to growth as well. The test reports scientific levels of boron, calcium, copper, magnesium, zinc, and manganese found in your soil sample. Soil pH determines if your soil is acidic or alkaline. Most soils are in between, working toward a neutral point. The pH of the soil largely determines the vigor of your vegetables (how large and quickly they grow and produce).

Land preparation

Tilling or ploughing the land should take place after harvest or the first rainfall. The reason Deep plowing- this should done early after the first rains. This will help to conserve moisture and allow organic matter to decompose. This will also allow air to pass, good crop production and retain water, turnover the soil and burry weeds.

As part of conservation agriculture it also needs to be noted one can consider no till farming

The following are some advantages and disadvantages of no till farming ;

Advantages of no till farming – Soil erosion, less soil compaction, saves you time, Lowe moisture loss and healthier soil.

Disadvantages of no till farming – initial costs of no till equipment, Learning curve for no till planting, Gullies can and may form and there could be a potential increased chemical use.

Harrow the soil

Harrow the soil with disc harrow after Tilling and/or Ploughing. This should be done at one to two weeks intervals. This is done to smoothen the top soil surface.

Make furrows

After harrowing, the soil make furrows with a disc harrow. This will make spacing between rows

Methods of planting

After making rows, plant the seeds and apply fertilizer. It is advisable to use a planter that plants the seeds and apply fertilizer at the same time. Also, make sure that you use quality and tested seeds from reputable suppliers.

Weed control

During growth stages, it is important to control weed that compete with your crops. To do this, herbicides can be applied before planting (Post emergence herbicides) or after planting. N.B the more foreign material is found on maize the grade drops and the price per ton will also drop. This will lead to a loss on your investment.

Fertilizer application

Spreading fertilizer – This can be done 25 to 30 days after planting.

Plant disease control

Using recommended Pesticides. Monitoring the crop and scouting. This should be done at regular intervals.

Harvesting will also require a trailer and a tractor. Detach a number of cops from plants and check for a formed black layer.

Storage/ selling

You require silos to store your harvest. Depending of the maize price one can make a decision as to sell and/or store. N.B Storage cost may vary.

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Maize Farming Business Plan [Sample Template]

By: Author Tony Martins Ajaero

Home » Business ideas » Agriculture Industry » Crop Cultivation » Maize Farming

Are you about starting a maize farm? If YES, here’s a complete sample maize farming business plan template & feasibility report you can use for FREE.

Corn is very nutritious and it is known to be eaten in various forms by both humans and livestock. As a matter of fact, corn is used as the main energy ingredient in livestock feed. Corn is also processed into a multitude of food and industrial products including starch, sweeteners, corn oil, beverages, industrial alcohol and fuel ethanol et al.

Maize (corn) farming is known to be a profitable business and over the years, it has evolved from small scale to a global industry in most countries where it is carried out.

A Sample Maize Farming Business Plan Template

1. industry overview.

Businesses in the maize (corn) farming industry primarily grow corn (except sweet corn) and produce corn seeds. Corn commonly refers to the grains or kernels of the tall annual cereal grass Zea mays, and it is a staple cereal in many parts of the world.

In the united states, it is most commonly used as livestock feed and in the production of ethanol, sweeteners, oil and other related products.

If you are a close watcher of the Maize Farming industry, you will realize that the industry is experiencing decline and falling from historic heights. In the united states, new federal regulations created a significant new market for maize, leading maize production to skyrocket in the early part of the last five years.

This increase in production eventually led to an oversupply of the crop, especially as downstream biofuel production has slowed since 2013 due to market saturation. However, global demand for maize has renewed. The industry is expected to bounce back from the lows of the previous five-year period.

Planted acreage will decrease, leading to a slight decrease in production volumes, which will in turn reduce oversupply and create healthy demand for the crop.

The Maize (Corn) Farming Industry is indeed a very large industry and pretty much thriving in all parts of the world especially in developed countries such as United States of America, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, Australia and Italy et al.

Statistics has it that in the United States of America alone, there are about 141,669 licensed and registered maize farms responsible for employing about 155,526 employees and the industry rakes in a whooping sum of $51 billion annually with an annual growth rate projected at -0.8 percent.

A recent report published by IBISWorld shows that typical of the agricultural sector, the Maize (Corn) Farming industry in the United States is overwhelmingly composed of a large number of relatively small operators, many of which are family owned farms.

In fact, 50.1 percent of farms plant corn acreage totaling less than 100 acres. Conversely, only 14.4 percent of corn is produced on farms covering 500 acres or more.

The report also shows that there is a long-term trend toward fewer farms across the agricultural sector, which also applies to corn farmers. Industry concentration is growing largely due to rising costs and intensifying competition; as conditions toughen; smaller farms are forced to sell their land.

As a result, fewer, yet larger farms emerge across the industry. As a matter of fact, with the recent advancement in technology, farmers can now comfortably grow crops such as maize in a country where such crops can hardly survive.

One thing is certain when it comes to commercial maize farming, if you are able to conduct your market research and feasibility studies before choosing a location to cultivate your maize, you are more likely not going to struggle to sell your maize because there are always food processing companies and consumers out there who are ready to buy from you.

Lastly, with commercial maize farming, it will pay you to not only cultivate maize and sell them for consumption in farm markets to retailers and consumers.

You can as well start a complimentary business like building a maize processing plant to process and package your maize (corn). The bottom line is that if you have enough farm land (space) and you are interested in maximizing commercial maize farming, you are sure going to make huge profits from the business.

2. Executive Summary

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is a registered commercial farm that will be based in the outskirts of Trenton, New Jersey – United States. We have done our detailed market research and feasibility studies and we were able to secure a well – situated and suitable farm land to start our commercial maize farming.

Our commercial maize farm is a standard farm hence will be involved in commercial maize cultivation, maize processing and packaging. We will be involved in both organic commercial maize farming and non – organic commercial maize farming.

We have put plans in place that will help us launch a standard and world – class maize processing plant within the first three years of officially running Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. We will process and package maize and ensure that they flood the market both in the United States and in other countries of the world.

We want to compete with the best in the industry, which is why asides from the fact that we have secured the required farm land and most of the farming equipment and machines, we have also hired some key employees who are currently undergoing training so as to fit into the ideal picture of the 21 st century commercial maize farm workforce that we want to build.

We are in the commercial maize farming business because we want to leverage on the vast opportunities available in the commercial farming industry to contribute our quota in growing the U.S. economy, in national food production, raw materials production for industries, to export agriculture produce from the United States to other countries and over and above to make profit.

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is well positioned to become one of the leading commercial maize farms in the United States of America, which is why we have been able to source for the best hands and farm machinery to run the farm with.

We have put processes and strategies in place that will help us employ best practices when it comes to commercial maize farming as required by the regulating bodies in the United States of America.

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is a family business that is owned by Mr. Kent Bloomberg and his immediate family members. The farm cum business will be fully and single handedly financed by Kent Bloomberg and his immediate family members.

Before starting Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc., Kent Bloomberg has worked with some of the leading commercial farms and food processing plants in the United States of America; he has a degree (B.Sc.) in Agricultural Science from the University of New Jersey.

3. Our Products and Services

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is a world class commercial farm that is committed to cultivating both organic and non – organic maize (corn) for both the United States’ market and the global market. We are in business to produce both food and raw materials for people and industries in commercial quantities. We will also ensure that we operate a standard maize processing and packaging plant as part of our complimentary business.

We are in this line of business to make profits, and we will ensure that we do all that is allowed by the law of the United States of America to achieve our business goals and objectives. These are the areas we will concentrate on in our commercial maize farms. If need arises we will definitely cultivate related crops;

Cultivation of variety of maize (organic and non – organic)
Standard Food Processing Plant

4. Our Mission and Vision Statement

Our vision is to become one of the leading commercial maize farms and maize processing and packing brand not just in the United States of America but also on the global stage.
Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is a world class commercial maize farm that is in business to cultivate organic, non – organic and processed maize for both the United States market and the international market.
We want our well – packaged maize to flood every nooks and crannies of the United States and other countries of the world.

Our Business Structure

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is a commercial maize farm that intends starting small in Trenton – New Jersey, but hopes to grow big in order to compete favorably with leading commercial maize farms in the commercial farming industry both in the United States and on the global stage.

We are aware of the importance of building a solid business structure that can support the picture of the kind of world class business we want to own. For this reason, we are committed to only hire the best hands in and around New Jersey.

At Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc., we will ensure that we hire people that are qualified, hardworking, dedicated, customer centric and ready to work to help us build a prosperous business that will benefit all the stake holders (the owners, workforce, and customers).

In view of the above, Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. have decided to hire qualified and competent hands to occupy the following positions;

Chief Operating Officer

General Farm Manager

Administrator/Accountant

Maize Cultivation Manager/Supervisor

Maize Processing and Packaging Plant Manager
Sales and Marketing Executive
Field Employees
Front Desk Officer

5. Job Roles and Responsibilities

Chief Operating Officer:

Increases management’s effectiveness by recruiting, selecting, orienting, training, coaching, counseling, and disciplining managers; communicating values, strategies, and objectives; assigning accountabilities; planning, monitoring, and appraising job results; developing incentives; developing a climate for offering information and opinions; providing educational opportunities
Creating, communicating, and implementing the organization’s vision, mission, and overall direction – i.e. leading the development and implementation of the overall organization’s strategy
Responsible for fixing prices and signing business deals
Responsible for providing direction for the business
Responsible for signing checks and documents on behalf of the company
Evaluates the success of the organization
Responsible for the planning, management and coordinating all farm activities across the various sections on behalf of the organization
Supervise other section managers (corn cultivation manager and corn processing and packaging manager)
Ensure compliance during project executions
Providing advice on the management of farming activities across all sections
Responsible for carrying out risk assessment
Using IT systems and software to keep track of people and progress of the growth of crops (maize)
Responsible for overseeing the accounting, costing and sale of farm produce after harvest
Represent the organization’s interest at various stakeholders’ meetings
Ensures that farming goals are achieved, the most efficient resources (manpower, equipment, tools and chemicals et al) are utilized and different interests involved are satisfied. Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the organization
Responsible for overseeing the smooth running of HR and administrative tasks for the organization
Handles all financial transactions for the company
Defining job positions for recruitment and managing interviewing process
Carrying out staff induction for new team members
Responsible for training, evaluation and assessment of employees
Oversees the smooth running of the daily farming activities across the various farming sections
Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the organization
Responsible for financial forecasting and risks analysis
Responsible for developing and managing financial systems and policies
Responsible for administering payrolls
Ensuring compliance with taxation legislation
Handles all financial transactions for the farm
Serves as internal auditor for the farm
Responsible for managing the maize cultivation section of the commercial maize farm
Supervises other workers within the department
Works closely with the General Manager to achieve the organizations’ goals and objectives

Maize Processing and Packaging Manager/Supervisor

Responsible for managing the maize processing and packaging section of the commercial farm

Sales and Marketing Officer

Identify, prioritize, and reach out to new partners, and business opportunities et al
Identifies development opportunities; follows up on development leads and contacts; participates in the structuring and financing of projects; assures the completion of relevant projects
Writing winning proposal documents, negotiate fees and rates in line with company policy
Responsible for handling business research, marker surveys and feasibility studies for clients
Responsible for supervising implementation, advocate for customer’s needs, and communicate with clients
Develop, execute and evaluate new plans for expanding increase sales
Document all customer contact and information
Represent the company in strategic meetings
Help increase sales and growth for the farm

Field Workers/Contract Staff

Responsible for preparing farm lands for maize cultivation
Responsible for watering the maize crop
Weeding or fertilizer and/or pest control application
Handle farm implements and machines as instructed by the section manager/supervisor
Assist in handling the harvest of maize (corns)
Carry out tasks in line with the stated job description
Assist in transporting working tools and equipment from the farm and back to the designated store room
Handles any other duties as assigned by the line manager

Client Service Executive/Front Desk Officer

Welcomes guests and clients to the farm by greeting them in person or on the telephone; answering or directing inquiries
Ensures that all contacts with clients (e-mail, walk-In center, SMS or phone) provides the client with a personalized customer service experience of the highest level
Through interaction with clients on the phone, uses every opportunity to build client’s interest in the company’s products and services
Manages administrative duties assigned by the manager in an effective and timely manner
Consistently stays abreast of any new information on the company’s products, promotional campaigns etc. to ensure accurate and helpful information is supplied to clients
Receives parcels/documents for Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc.
Distribute mails in Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc.

6. SWOT Analysis

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. does not intend to launch out with trial and error hence the need to conduct a proper SWOT analysis.

We know that if we get it right from the onset, we would have succeeded in creating the foundation that will help us build a standard maize farm that will favorably compete with leading commercial maize farms in the United States of America and in other parts of the world.

We are quite aware that there are several large, medium and small scale maize farms all over Trenton – New Jersey and even in the same place where we intend locating ours, which is why we are following the due process of establishing a business.

We know that if a proper SWOT analysis is conducted for our business, we will be able to position our business to maximize our strength, leverage on the opportunities that will be available to us, mitigate our risks and be equipped to confront our threats.

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. employed the services of an expert HR and Business Analyst with bias in the commercial farming industry to help us conduct a thorough SWOT analysis and to help us create a Business model that will help us achieve our business goals and objectives.

Here is a summary from the result of the SWOT analysis that was conducted on behalf of Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc.;

Our strength as a commercial maize farm is in the fact that we have healthy relationships with loads of major players (agriculture merchants who deal in corn) in the commercial farms industry; both suppliers and buyers within and outside of the United States.

We have some of the latest commercial farming machines, tools and corn processing equipment that will help us cultivate corn in commercial quantities with less stress. Aside from our relationship (network) and equipment, we can confidently boast that we have some the most experienced hands in Trenton – New Jersey on our payroll.

Our weakness could be that we are a new commercial maize farm in the United States, and perhaps the fact that we decided to diversify our farming activities could count against us initially. We are aware of this and from our projection; we will overcome this weakness with time and turn it to a major advantage for the business.

Opportunities:

The opportunities that are available to us cannot be quantified; we know that there are loads of individuals who consume both organic and non – organic corn in different forms both in the United States of America and other parts of the world.

We will ensure that we maximize the opportunities available to commercial maize farmers. Due to their rising popularity, GM seeds account for a significant amount of revenue and the demand for maize is anticipated to keep growing as renewable energy targets rise each year.

Some of the threats and challenges that we are likely going to face when we start our own commercial maize farm are global economic downturn that can impact negatively on household spending, bad weather cum natural disasters (draughts, epidemics), unfavorable government policies and the arrival of a competitor (a commercial farm that cultivates same crop – maize) within same location.

There is hardly anything you can do as regards these threats and challenges other than to be optimistic that things will continue to work for your good.

7. MARKET ANALYSIS

Market Trends

One of the common trends in the commercial maize farming line of business is that most players in the industry are no longer concentrating only on non – organic maize farming. They now find it easier to run both organic maize cultivation and non – organic maize cultivation.

It is fact that despite that organic food are expensive, the sale for organic food is on the increase and it is indeed profitable.

Despite the fact that commercial maize farming has been in existence since time immemorial, this does not in any way make the industry to be over saturated; commercial maize farmers are exploring new technology to continue to improve the cultivation, preservation and processing process. The fact that there is always a ready market for maize makes the business highly profitable.

Lastly, it is a common trend to find standard commercial maize farmers run a corn processing plant business alongside their farm. It is a means of maximizing profit in the business. Besides, maize is consumed by both human and livestock hence it is ideal to process, package and ship it to other countries of the world.

8. Our Target Market

It is a known fact that the target markets of those who are the end consumers of maize in any form and who benefit from the business value chain of commercial maize farming is all encompassing.

Almost every household consumes maize in different forms. In essence a commercial maize farmer should be able to sell his or her farm produce to as many people as possible including hotels, grocery stores, restaurants, livestock farmers and production companies that make use of corn as raw materials.

We will ensure that we position our business to attract consumers of maize not just in the United States of America alone but also other parts of the world which is why we will be exporting some of our farm produce either in raw or processed form to other countries of the world.

Our competitive advantage

The truth is that, it is easier to find entrepreneurs flocking towards an industry that is known to generate consistent income which is why there are more commercial farmers in the United States of America and of course in most parts of the world.

As a matter of fact, entrepreneurs are encouraged by the government to embrace commercial farming. This is so because part of the success of any nation is her ability to cultivate her own food and also export foods to other nations of the world.

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is fully aware that there are competitions when it comes to selling commercial farm produce including corn all over the globe, which is why we decided to carry out thorough research so as to know how to take advantage of the available market in the United States and in other parts of the world.

We have done our homework and we have been able to highlight some factors that will give us competitive advantage in the marketplace; some of the factors are effective and reliable maize farming processes that can help us sell our produce at competitive prices, good network and excellent relationship management.

Another competitive advantage that we are bringing to the industry is the fact that we have designed our business in such a way that we will operate an all – round standard commercial maize farm that will also include a corn processing plant. With this, we will be able to take advantage of all the available opportunities within the industry.

Lastly, our employees will be well taken care of, and their welfare package will be among the best within our category (start – ups commercial maize farms) in the industry meaning that they will be more than willing to build the business with us, help deliver our set goals and achieve all our aims and objectives.

9. SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY

Sources of Income

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is in the commercial farming business for the purpose of maximizing profits hence we have decided to explore all the available opportunities within the industry to achieve our corporate goals and objectives.

In essence we are not going to rely only on the sale of our farm produce to generate income for the business. Below are the sources we intend exploring to generate income for Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc.;

Cultivation of various species of maize (both organic and non – organic)

10. Sales Forecast

We conducted a thorough market survey and feasibility studies and we were able to discover that the sales generated by a commercial farm depends on the size of the farm and the nature of the commercial farm.

We have perfected our sales and marketing strategies and we are quite optimistic that we will meet or even surpass our set sales target of generating enough income/profits from the first year of operation and build the business from survival to sustainability.

We have been able to critically examine the agriculture industry cum commercial maize (corn) farm line of business, we have analyzed our chances in the industry and we have been able to come up with the following sales forecast.

First Fiscal Year-: $200,000
Second Fiscal Year-: $400,000
Third Fiscal Year-: $750,000

N.B : This projection is done based on what is obtainable in the industry and with the assumption that there won’t be any major economic meltdown that can impact negatively on household spending, bad weather cum natural disasters (draughts, epidemics), and unfavorable government policies. Please note that the above projection might be lower and at the same time it might be higher.

Marketing Strategy and Sales Strategy

We are quite aware that the reason why some commercial maize farms hardly make good profit is their inability to sell off their maize as at when due. Corn ripens within a short time after harvest and if they are not sold or processed, they will get so hard that it won’t be good for direct consumption. In view of that, we decided to set up a standard corn processing plant to help us

Introduce our business by sending introductory letters alongside our brochure to stakeholders in the agriculture industry, grocery stores, maize merchants, hotels, production companies that rely on supply of maize as raw materials and maize processing plants et al.
Advertise our business in agriculture and food related magazines and websites
List our commercial maize farm on yellow pages ads
Attend related agriculture and food expos, seminars, and business fairs et al
Leverage on the internet to promote our business
Engage in direct marketing
Encourage the use of Word of mouth marketing (referrals)

11. Publicity and Advertising Strategy

Any business that wants to grow beyond the corner of the street or the city they are operating from must be ready and willing to utilize every available means (both conventional and non – conventional means) to advertise and promote the business.

We intend growing our business which is why we have perfected plans to build our brand via every available means. Below are the platforms we will leverage on to boost our commercial maize farm brand and to promote and advertise our business;

Place adverts on both print (newspapers and magazines) and electronic media platforms
Sponsor relevant community based events/programs
Leverage on the internet and social media platforms like; Instagram, Facebook, twitter, YouTube, Google + et al to promote our business
Install our billboards in strategic locations all around Trenton – New Jersey
Engage in roadshows from time to time in targeted neighborhoods
Distribute our fliers and handbills in target areas
Contact hotels, restaurants, grocery stores, production companies that rely on the supply of corn, agriculture produce merchants and residents in our target areas by calling them up and informing them of Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. and the farm produce we sell
List our commercial maize farms in local directories/yellow pages
Advertise our commercial maize farms in our official website and employ strategies that will help us pull traffic to the site.
Ensure that all our staff members wear our branded shirts and all our vehicles and trucks are well branded with our company logo et al.

12. Our Pricing Strategy

If you want to get the right pricing for your farm produce, then you should ensure that you choose a good location for your commercial farm, choose a good breed/seed that will guarantee bountiful harvest, cut the cost of running your farm to the barest minimum and of course try as much as possible to attract buyers to your farm as against taking your farm produce to the market to source for buyers; with this, you would have successfully eliminated the cost of transporting your harvest to the market and other logistics.

We are quite aware that one of the easiest means of penetrating the market and acquiring loads of customers for all our corn is to sell them at competitive prices hence we will do all we can to ensure that the prices of our corn are going to be what other commercial corn farmers would look towards beating.

One thing is certain, the nature of commercial farming makes it possible for farmers to place prices for their farm produce based on their discretion without following the benchmark in the industry. The truth is that it is one of the means of avoiding running into a loss. The earlier you sell off your harvested maize, the better for your business.

Payment Options

The payment policy adopted by Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is all inclusive because we are quite aware that different customers prefer different payment options as it suits them but at the same time, we will ensure that we abide by the financial rules and regulation of the United States of America.

Here are the payment options that Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. will make available to her clients;

Payment via bank transfer
Payment with cash
Payment via online bank transfer
Payment via check
Payment via Point of Sale Machines (POS Machines)
Payment via mobile money transfer
Payment via bank draft

In view of the above, we have chosen banking platforms that will enable our clients make payment for farm produce purchase without any stress on their part. Our bank account numbers will be made available on our website and promotional materials.

13. Startup Expenditure (Budget)

When it comes to calculating the cost of starting a commercial maize farm with a corn processing plant, there are some key factors that should serve as a guide. Factors such as the capacity of maize processing plant you want to own and the size of the commercial maize farm.

Besides, in setting up any business, the amount or cost will depend on the approach and scale you want to undertake. If you intend to start a world – class commercial farm, then you would need a good amount of capital as you would need to ensure that your employees are well taken care of, and that your farm is conducive enough for workers to be creative and productive.

This means that the start-up can either be low or high depending on your goals, visions and aspirations for your business. The tools and equipment that will be used are nearly the same cost everywhere, and any difference in prices would be minimal and can be overlooked.

As for the detailed cost analysis for starting a commercial maize farm; it might differ in other countries due to the value of their money. Below are some of the basic areas we will spend our start – up capital in setting up our commercial maize farm;

The total fee for incorporating the business in United States of America – $750
The total cost for payment of insurance policy covers (general liability, workers’ compensation and property casualty) at a total premium – $9,400
The amount needed to acquire/lease a farm land – $50,000
The amount required for preparing the farm land – $70,000
The cost for acquiring the required working tools and equipment/machines/fencing et al – $10,000
The amount required for purchase of the first set of maize seedlings et al – $50,000
The amount required to set up a standard maize processing plant within the farm facility – $100,000
Operational cost for the first 3 months (salaries of employees, payments of bills et al) – $40,000
The cost of launching an official website – $600
The amount required for payment of workers for a period of 3 months – $100,000
Additional Expenditure (Business cards, Signage, Adverts and Promotions et al) – $2,000

Going by the report from detailed research and feasibility studies conducted, we will need an average of $500,000 to start a standard commercial maize farm with corn processing plant business in the United States of America. These are some of the equipment that we would need to fully launch our commercial maize farm,

Soil cultivator
Harrow (e.g. Spike harrow, Drag harrow, Disk harrow)
Stone / Rock / Debris removal implement (e.g. Destoner, Rock windrower / rock rake, Stone picker / picker)
Broadcast seeder (alternatively: broadcast spreader, fertilizer spreader or Air seeder)
Plastic mulch layer
Transplanter
Sprinkler system irrigation
Wheel Barrow

Basically, the nature of commercial maize farms does not require an office space; most people that run commercial farms operate directly from their farms. But we have decided to open a small liaison office; a place where administrative jobs will be carried out on behalf of the business.

Generating Funds/Startup Capital for Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc.

No matter how fantastic your business idea might be, if you don’t have the required money to finance the business, the business might not become a reality. Finance is a very important factor when it comes to starting a business such as commercial maize farming business.

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is a family business that will be owned and managed by Kent Bloomberg and his immediate family members. They are the sole financiers of the firm, but may likely welcome other partners later which is why they decided to restrict the sourcing of start – up capital for the business to just three major sources.

These are the areas where we intend sourcing for fund for Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc.;

Generate part of the start – up capital from personal savings and sale of his stocks
Generate part of the start – up capital from friends and other extended family members
Generate a larger chunk of the startup capital from the bank (loan facility)

N.B: We have been able to generate about $100,000 ( Personal savings $80,000 and soft loan from family members $20,000 ) and we are at the final stages of obtaining a loan facility of $400,000 from our bank. All the papers and documents have been duly signed and submitted, the loan has been approved and any moment from now our account will be credited.

14. Sustainability and Expansion Strategy

The future of a business lies in the number of loyal customers that they have, the capacity and competence of the employees, their investment strategy and the business structure. If all of these factors are missing from a business (company), then it won’t be too long before the business closes shop.

One of our major goals of starting Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. is to build a business that will survive off its own cash flow without injecting finance from external sources once the business is officially running.

We know that one of the ways of gaining approval and winning customers over is to sell our farm produce (organic and non – organic corn and even processed and packaged corns) a little bit cheaper than what is obtainable in the market and we are well prepared to survive on lower profit margin for a while.

Kent Bloomberg® Maize Farms, Inc. will make sure that the right foundation, structures and processes are put in place to ensure that our staff welfare are well taken of. Our organization’s corporate culture is designed to drive our business to greater heights and training and re – training of our workforce is at the top burner of our business strategy.

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of five years or more as determined by the management of the organization. We know that if that is put in place, we will be able to successfully hire and retain the best hands we can get in the industry and they will be more committed to help us build the business of our dreams.

Check List/Milestone

Business Name Availability Check: Completed
Business Incorporation: Completed
Opening of Corporate Bank Accounts in various banks in the United States: Completed
Opening Online Payment Platforms: Completed
Application and Obtaining Tax Payer’s ID: In Progress
Application for business license and permit: Completed
Purchase of All forms of Insurance for the Business: Completed
Leasing of farm land in Trenton – New Jersey and preparing the farm land: Completed
Conducting Feasibility Studies: Completed
Start – up Capital Generation: Completed
Writing of Business Plan: Completed
Drafting of Employee’s Handbook: Completed
Design of The Company’s Logo: Completed
Graphic Designs and Printing of Packaging, Marketing/Promotional Materials: Completed
Recruitment of employees: In Progress
Building/construction of cages and fence et al: In Progress
Purchase of the needed working tools, machines and equipment: Completed
Creating Official Website for the Company: In Progress
Creating Awareness for the business (Business PR): In Progress
Farm land Treatment, Health and Safety Arrangement: In Progress
Establishing business relationship with vendors and key players in the industry (agriculture farm produce merchants, fertilizer suppliers and transporters et al): Completed

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Market overview: Maize meal production in South Africa

Maize is the most widely grown crop in sub-Saharan Africa and is a staple food for an estimated 50% of the population, therefore critical to ensuring food security on the continent.

As one of the key countries that dominate maize production in the region, South Africa accounted for 20% of the maize production on the African continent in 2017.

Quick facts

Average annual production: 15.8 million tons in 2020/2021 (90% of the total cereal production in SA)
Imports: South Africa doesn’t usually import much; however due to drought it imported a record number of 770 000 tons during the 2016/2017 season
Exports: 2.8 million metric tons to countries like Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Zimbabwe and Botswana in 2021/2022
Consumption of white maize meal: 81kg per person per year
38% of the maize produced in South Africa is for human consumption
The price of yellow maize (animal feed) directly impacts the cost of poultry in South Africa as it’s the biggest input cost for chicken producers.

In 2017, South Africa yielded a record high maize production of 12.7 tons, following a two-year drought period. This led to carry-over stock in 2018. So while white maize production declined by 22%, the price of maize remained low due to increased availability compared to previous years.

Subsequently, consumers switched back from bread to maize (pap/porridge) leading to a bread surplus.

By 2020/2021, a new production record of 15.8 million tons was set.

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The South African market

The population of South Africa in 2021 was approximately 60 000 000 where 74.9% of the population had a per capita income of less than ZAR5,200.00 PM ($320.22) . Maize is consumed largely by lower income, price sensitive consumers and is used as a staple food in the majority of the country’s households. Mieliepap or maize porridge is a staple breakfast and is often also consumed for lunch and dinner.

South Africans consumed approximately 5.2 million metric tons of processed maize in 2019/2020. White maize is mainly used to produce maize meal, which is primarily used to make porridge in South Africa.

Types of maize meal

The percentage of germ removed during extraction will influence the grading of the end product. Maize meal that has the least germ extracted is labelled “unsifted”, moving up the scale as extraction rates increase, to “sifted” , “special” and “super” maize meal. South Africans generally prefer the special and super grades, so most of the bigger millers have stopped producing “unsifted” and “sifted” maize meal.

There are also strong regional preferences for certain grades of maize meal, with “super” being the most popular. Braaipap is made from a courser grade maize meal and is a popular side dish with a South African braai.

Other uses for processed maize

Baked, extruded maize snacks: Maize is the cereal base most commonly used by South African snack manufacturers and our milling industry is geared for producing high quality maize grits.

Maize chips and snacks are manufactured using an extrusion-based process similar to that of puffed maize snacks. These products have since become increasingly popular and occupy an important section of the snack market.

Breakfast cereals - Puffed maize cereal is an extruded, ready-to-eat breakfast cereal that only requires the addition of milk for consumption. It is manufactured from maize meal, salt, sugar, syrups, flavouring, shortening, water and various coatings.

Beer production - Umqombothi (Xhosa pronunciation: [um̩k͡ǃomboːtʰi]), is a Xhosa traditional beer made from maize (corn), maize malt, sorghum malt, yeast and water. One of the most popular Lagers in the region include maize as an ingredient to give it a unique local flavour.

Beverages - Magau is a traditional sour maize beverage. Industrial preparation of magau involves the use of refined ingredients such as maize meal, wheat flour, sugar and starter cultures, and a standardised well-controlled process.

Comparative consumption of staples in South Africa

Per capita consumption

Packaged maize: 81kg
Packaged leavened bread: 21kg
Packaged rice: 11kg

White maize meal or pap is the most commonly consumed staple in the country. Low-income groups are highly dependent on white maize meal in South Africa. and is usually eaten with a tomato or meat-based stew. Maize meal is affordable, and due to government policy, is fortified with vitamins and minerals to boost the health of lower-income citizens.

Bread is the second most consumed staple in terms of volume, however, its much higher average price means its market value is 60% higher.

Price sensitive consumers tend to switch between maize and bread as their staple food, depending on which is cheaper. This in turn is determined by availability. During the droughts of 2015-2016, maize was imported, so consumers opted for bread because it was cheaper.

Maize meal is a critical food stuff for South African consumers, and as such maize producers and maize milling entrepreneurs play a valuable role to meet this demand.

Maize Meal – A Look at the Ultimate Staple in Sub-Saharan Africa.pdf
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1135488/maize-production-in-south-africa-by-province/
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1135397/export-volume-of-maize-and-maize-products-in-south-africa/
https://jobsintanzania.org/maize-meal-brands-in-south-africa/
https://southafrica.co.za/uses-maize.html
https://www.saldru.uct.ac.za/income-comparison-tool/
https://agriorbit.com/agro-processing-of-maize/
https://bmr.co.za/2021/07/14/personal-income-estimates-for-south-africa-2016-2021/
https://www.ab-inbev.com/content/dam/universaltemplate/ab-inbev/News/Press%20kit/ABI_FS16_Brand_Castle%20Lager.pdf

Gideon mufungenu

Hammer mill ——— Roff Milling replied: Hello Gideon, our designated consultant will be in contact to assist.

The basics of maize production

Also known as corn, maize was first domesticated in southern mexico nearly 10 000 years ago. many varieties have been bred to suit a range of conditions..

Maize (Zea mays) is today the most widely grown grain crop, with global production standing at just over one billion tons.

This is 38% of total grain production, which amounts to 2,6 billion tons. (Wheat comes in second at about 750 million tons, and rice third at about 480 million tons).

In 2017, South African maize production was 17,5 million tons, an all-time record for the country.

Maize is a warm-weather crop; it is unsuitable for areas with a mean daily temperature of below 19°C, or where the mean summer temperature falls below 23 °C.

Although the minimum temperature for germination is 10°C, germination will be faster and less variable at a soil temperature of 16°C to 18°C. At 20°C, maize should emerge within five to six days.

Yield is reduced if the temperature reaches about 32°C.

At the other extreme, frost can damage maize at all growth stages, and a frost-free period of 120 to 140 days is required to prevent damage.

A yield of 3,2t/ha requires between 350mm and 450mm of rain per annum. At maturity, each plant will have used 250ℓ of water in the absence of moisture stress.

Soil requirements

The most suitable soil for maize has generous depth, a favourable structure, good internal drainage, optimal moisture, sufficient and balanced plant nutrients, and chemical properties that favour maize production.

Although maize is produced on a large scale in soils with a clay content below 10% (sandy soils) or above 30% (clay and clay-loam), the ideal soil for maize has a clay content of between 10% and 30%.

Yield potential

Several methods, each with its own limitations, can be used to determine yield potential.

One of the most reliable is long-term yield data collected by individual farmers, as this reflects the inherent yield of the specific environment, as well as the effect of agronomic practices such as fertilisation, soil cultivation and plant density.

Sources: Du Plessis, J. 2003. ‘Maize Production’.

Directorate of Agricultural Information Services of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in cooperation with ARC-Grain Crops Institute; Origin, History and Uses of Corn’ (Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy).

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12 Best Profitable Farming Businesses in South Africa

Table of contents, maize farming, dairy farming, poultry farming, beef cattle farming, citrus farming, avocado farming, macadamia nut farming, wine production, olive farming, honey production, fruit juice production, organic farming.

South Africa’s diverse climate and rich soil make it ideal for various agricultural activities, offering numerous money-making agriculture business ideas. From the vast fields of maize to the thriving vineyards, the most profitable agricultural businesses are rooted in the country’s agricultural heritage.

For those looking at how to start an agriculture business, South Africa presents many farming ideas to make money, especially those interested in small or innovative agricultural business ideas. This article explores some of the profitable farming businesses in South Africa, focusing on types of agriculture businesses and agriculture business opportunities that promise substantial profit margins.

Profitable Farming Businesses in South Africa

Maize farming stands as a cornerstone in South Africa’s agricultural sector, not only because of its role as a staple food but also due to its profitability. It’s a viable option for those seeking agriculture business opportunities. Maize farming requires moderate investment but yields high returns, with profit margins often ranging between 10-20%, depending on market prices and production efficiency.

Successful maize farming hinges on understanding crop rotation, proper fertilization, and pest control. It is an excellent choice among small farm business ideas for those looking to start in the agricultural sector.

Dairy farming in South Africa has evolved into a lucrative segment within the agricultural sector. With an increasing demand for dairy products, it represents a promising opportunity for entrepreneurs. This sector demands significant initial investment in livestock, feed, and milking equipment, but the returns are equally rewarding.

The profit margins in dairy farming can range from 15-25%, influenced by factors like milk yield per cow, feed costs, and market demand. Dairy farming is among the most profitable agricultural businesses for those willing to invest time and resources into animal husbandry and farm management.

Poultry farming, encompassing both meat and egg production, is one of the fastest-growing and most profitable farming businesses in South Africa. It’s an ideal venture for those exploring small farm business ideas or innovative agricultural business ideas. With relatively low startup costs and a short turnover period, poultry farming can yield approximately 10-20% profit margins. Success in this field requires knowledge of bird health, feeding, and housing, making it a lucrative and manageable option for newcomers in the agriculture business.

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Beef cattle farming is a fundamental part of South Africa’s agriculture, appealing to small-scale and large-scale farmers. This sector demands significant land and resources for grazing and feeding the cattle. However, the return on investment can be considerable, with profit margins ranging from 15-25%. The key to successful beef cattle farming lies in efficient herd management, quality feed, and understanding market trends, making it a rewarding option for those seeking profitable farming businesses in South Africa.

Citrus farming is a vibrant sector in South Africa, thanks to the country’s favorable climate and growing global demand for citrus fruits. This type of agriculture business involves cultivating oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits. Profit margins in citrus farming can vary widely, from 20-30%, depending on the quality of produce and market conditions. Citrus farming requires knowledge of tree care, pest control, and harvesting techniques, positioning it as a lucrative option for entrepreneurs interested in agriculture business opportunities.

Avocado farming has gained popularity in South Africa due to the high demand locally and internationally. With the right climatic conditions and soil type, avocado farming can be highly profitable, offering 20-30% profit margins. Factors like proper tree maintenance, irrigation, and disease control are key to success in this field. Avocado farming is a promising venture for those looking into innovative agricultural business ideas in South Africa.

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Macadamia nut farming is another high-value agriculture business in South Africa. The global demand for these nuts makes this venture particularly appealing. The initial investment is high due to the cost of saplings and the time it takes for trees to start producing nuts. However, once established, macadamia farms can yield 30-40% profit margins. Success in this sector requires patience, a long-term view, and knowledge of orchard management and nut processing.

South Africa’s wine industry is renowned globally, with the country’s unique terroir contributing to producing award-winning wines. Wine production is not just a farming activity but also an art, requiring knowledge in viticulture and enology. The profit margins in wine production can be substantial, often exceeding 30%, but this can vary widely based on the quality of the wine and brand recognition. Wine production is ideal for those seeking innovative agricultural business ideas that combine tradition with modern techniques.

Olive farming is a particularly lucrative venture in South Africa, with the climate being highly conducive for olive tree cultivation. The process involves planting and nurturing olive trees and harvesting and processing the olives into oil or table olives. With a growing global demand for high-quality olive oil, this sector presents significant profit margins ranging from 35% to 50%.

Olive farming requires a notable initial investment, particularly for land and processing equipment, but the long-term returns are promising. Additionally, this type of agriculture business appeals to the market’s increasing preference for healthy, natural products. Olive farming is not just about growing trees; it’s about tapping into a global market that values quality and sustainability.

Honey production is another agriculture business opportunity in South Africa with substantial profit potential. The country’s rich biodiversity offers a perfect environment for bees to produce unique, high-quality honey. Beekeeping involves maintaining bee hives, ensuring the health of the bee colonies, and harvesting honey. The profit margin in honey production can be quite high, often exceeding 40%, depending on the quality and branding of the honey.

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It’s a business that generates income and contributes to environmental sustainability through pollination. Honey production requires less land compared to traditional farming, making it a viable option for those looking at small farm business ideas. With the right marketing strategy, honey from South Africa can carve a niche in both local and international markets.

Fruit juice production is a thriving sector in South Africa, capitalizing on the country’s abundant fruit cultivation. This business involves sourcing high-quality fruits, processing them into juice, and packaging them for sale. The variety of fruits available in South Africa, from citrus to exotic berries, provides various flavors and health benefits, appealing to a health-conscious market.

The profit margins in fruit juice production can range from 20% to 40%, influenced by factors like production scale, quality, and brand positioning. It’s an excellent example of how value addition to agricultural products can significantly boost profitability. Fruit juice production caters to local consumption and has export potential, tapping into international markets seeking natural and exotic fruit juices.

Organic farming is rapidly gaining traction in South Africa as consumers become more health-conscious and environmentally aware. This type of farming avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, focusing on natural growth processes and sustainable practices. The scope of organic farming in South Africa is vast, covering products like vegetables, fruits, grains, and even livestock.

The profit margin in organic farming can be considerably higher than conventional farming, often reaching up to 50%, mainly due to the premium prices that organic products command. Starting an organic farm requires knowledge of sustainable farming practices and certification processes. However, once established, it presents a lucrative business opportunity, especially as global trends lean towards organic and eco-friendly products. Organic farming is not just a profitable venture; it’s a commitment to healthier products and a healthier planet.

South Africa’s diverse agricultural sector offers a range of profitable farming businesses, from olive to organic agriculture, each promising high-profit margins and aligning with global sustainability and health-consciousness trends.

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Maize Farming – Start Profitable Corn Production in 15 Steps

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Maize farming is very popular among the farmers in many parts of the world. Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world with total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice.

And maize is called queen of cereals, because it has highest genetic yield potential among the cereals. Maize ( Zea mays ), also known as corn, is actually a cereal grain which is used for many different purposes.

It was first domesticated by the indigenous people in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago, and today it is very popular throughout the world.

The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences and seperate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits.

The plants are often 3 meters in height (but some natural strains can grow up to 13 meters). The stem is generally composed of 20 internodes of around 18 cm length. A leaf which grows from each node, is generally 9 cm in width and about 1.2 m in length.

Maize is in 3rd position in term of total staple food production. But a very little amount of total maize production is consumed directly by humans. Most of the maize is used for corn ethanol, animal feed and for producing other maize products, such as corn syrup and corn starch.

Table of Contents

What Are The Advantages/Importance Of Maize Farming Business?

Like many other commercial crop farming business, large scale maize farming business also offers several advantages.

Maize is a versatile crop and it is widely used in various industries. It is used in many industries from food to biofuels (providing farmers with multiple market options).
This crop has a relatively short growing period as compared to some other crops. And you can ensure quicker harvest cycles and potential for multiple harvests in a year.
Commercial maize farming is less capital-intensive as compared to some other types of agriculture related business.
Maize plants are very hardy and they are resilient to different weather conditions. This crop has less risk of crop failure and it ensures a more stable income for farmers.
Commercial maize farming can create great opportunities for profitability, flexibility, and resilience in the agricultural sector.

How to Start Maize Farming?

Starting maize farming business is not too tough. The plants are relatively easy to grow and you will able to grow if you are a beginner. Through maize farming, you can easily shield the deteriorating grade of soil.

Maize farming can help preserving 90% of water and about 70 of potency as compared with paddy. And maize farming can actually make more profit than paddy or wheat farming.

However, here we are describing more information about maize farming from selecting land, planting, caring to harvesting.

Step 1: Learn Practically

First of all, try to learn more about commercial maize production business practically. Like many other crop farming business, having practical knowledge is also very important for commercial maize farming business. So, try to learn more about this business practically from any of your nearest agriculture extension office or from any existing farmers in your area.

Step 2: Complete Maize Production Training

Completing a training is also very beneficial for operating a successful maize farming business. You can complete training from any of your nearest government or non-government organizations or from any agriculture extension office.

Step 3: Make An Effective Business Plan

A good and effective business plan helps to start and operate a business successfully. So, making a very good and effective business plan is very important. You can ask for help from an expert for making the business plan, especially if you are a beginner.

Step 4: Select A Good Location

First of all, select a good location for maize farming. Maize plants grow well in fertile soil with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. They can be grown on wide range of soil types including loamy, sandy loamy or clay loam soil (heavy clay soil is not good for maize farming).

But the soil needs to be rich in organic content and have to have good water containing capacity. The plants also require full sun for better yield. So, consider all these factors while selecting land for starting maize farming.

Step 5: Prepare The Soil Perfectly

For preparing the soil, first of all remove all the weeds and remains of previously grown crop from the field. Then plough the land to bring the soil to fine tilth. 6-7 ploughing and harrowing will be required for making the soil fully prepared for maize farming.

As the maize plants grow very well in organic content rich soil, so try to add as much organic contents (fully-rotted aged manure or compost) as you can. 4-6 tons of fully decomposed aged manure will be enough for 1 acre land.

For commercial maize farming, you also have to apply some chemical fertilizers into the soil. Applying 20-24 kg phosphorus, 60-70 kg nitrogen and 10-12 kg potash per acre will be required for optimal production.

Soil test is necessary to know deficiency of any nutrient in the soil, and exact amount of chemical fertilizers can vary from place to place. So test the soil before applying chemical fertilizers.

Step 6: Consider The Climate Requirements For Maize Farming

The maize plants are grown throughout the world, and the plants can grow in a wide variety of climatic conditions. It is actually a warm weather crop and doesn’t grow well in the areas where the minimum daily temperature is less than 19 °C.

The seeds can germinate as low as 10 °C, but the germination process will be faster and less variable at soil temperature of 16 °C to 18 °C. And maximum temperature for maize farming is 30 °C to 35 °C.

Step 7: Consider The Best Time For Maize Farming

Maize is a warm season crop, and is cold-intolerant. The seeds must be shown in the spring in the temperate zones. Actually, it can be grown throughout the year, but grow best between 21 °C and 27 °C temperature.

Step 8: Select The Right Type/Variety For Your Production

There are some different types of maize to choose from. The 6 major types of maize are sweet corn , flour corn, popcorn, pod corn, flint corn and dent corn. You should choose such a type which is widely grown and available in your area.

Step 9: Purchase Good Quality Seeds

After selecting your desired type of maize, purchase seeds from any of your nearest market or seed supply stores. Maize is very common and popular throughout the world, so you will easily be able to purchase seeds from your local market.

Step 10: Determine The Quantity Of Seeds Per Acre

Total amount of seeds per acre depends on many different factors. Exact amount of seeds required per acre can vary depending on production purpose, seed size, season, plant type and sowing method.

On average you will need about 8-10 kg/acre for spring crop, about 8 kg/acre for sweet corn, about 7 kg/acre for pop corn, about 16 kg/acre for baby corn and about 20 kg/acre for fodder production.

Step 11: Planting

The maize seeds are planted in rows. But space between rows and between plants can vary depending on the maize type. Spacing the rows to about 2 feet apart and the plants to about 8 inches apart will be good for winter crop and both sweet and baby corn production.

Spacing 20×6 inches will be good for pop corn production and 12×4 inches will be good for fodder production. You can sow the seeds manually by dibbling or by mechanically with help of tractor drawn ridger seed drill. And sow the seed to about 1 inch deep.

Before sowing, treat the seeds with fungicides for preventing seed and soil borne diseases. Treating the seeds with Thiram or Carbendazim at the rate of 2 grams per kg seed will be good.

Step 12: Caring

Taking additional care is must for successful maize farming business and for maximum yield. The plants will grow better and produce more if you take additional care of the plants. Here we are describing more about the steps for caring the maize plants.

Fertilizing: Additional fertilizers may be required for maize farming. Test the soil and take advice from an experienced agriculture specialist before applying additional fertilizers.

Watering: The maize plants generally require less water as compared to other crops. Although timely and adequate watering will help the plants to grow well. Apply a light watering immediately after sowing the seeds. Then water lightly after a week for a month (during the early stage of this crop). And additional watering should be applied after every 25-30 days. Avoid water stagnation and the land must have to have good drainage system for successful maize farming business.

Controlling Weeds: Controlling weeds is very important for successful maize farming business. Initially you should remove all the weeds from the field while ploughing and harrowing. And then at least 2 additional hand weeding is required. The first weeding should be done on 20-25 days and another is on 40-45 days after sowing. Mulching can help to control most of the weeds from the field.

Step 13: Try To Control Pests And Diseases

Like many other commercial crops, the maize is also susceptible to some pests and diseases. Corn worm, stalk borer or stem borer, shoot bug, pink borer, termites and shoot fly are some common pests for the maize plants.

Downy mildew, leaf spot, post flowering stalk rot and maydis leaf blight are some common diseases for the maize plants. Contact your nearest agriculture extension office or consult with an specialist for having recommendation for controlling all these pests and diseases.

Step 14: Harvesting

You can start harvesting when cobs outer cover turns from green to white. Actually when the stalks have dried and moisture of the grain as about 20-17%, is the optimum time for harvesting maize. You can harvest the maize manually by hand, and there are machines available for separating the seeds.

Step 15: Yield

Yield can vary depending on many different factors. But on average, you can expect about or up to 2500 kg per hectare.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

People ask many questions about maize farming. Here we are trying to list the most common questions about corn farming, and trying to answer them. Hope you will find your answer. Don’t hesitate to ask us if you have more questions.

What is the origin of maize?

Maize is the domesticated variant of teosinte. Several theories had been proposed about the specific origin of maize in Mesoamerica. Probably, it was first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

What are the other names of maize?

Maize is known by many other names in many different parts of the world. It’s other names include corn, Indian corn, sweet corn, mealie etc. Maize is also known by some other local names in many different languages. It is known as Mielie in Afrikaans, Makki or Makai in Hindi, Bhutta in Bengali, Makoi in Assamese, Makai in Gujarati, Musukina Jola in Kannada, Cholam in Malayalam, Maka in Marathi, Makaa in Oriya, Iringu in Sinhala, Jola in Tulu and Mokka Jonna in Telugu.

What are the uses of maize?

Maize is used for many different purposes. It is mainly used as fodder for animals, food grain, pop corn, baby corn, sweet corn and green cobs. Corn flour is also widely used. Maize also serves as a basic raw material to thousands of industrial products that may include oil, starch, alcoholic beverages, food sweeteners, pharmaceutical, gum, textile, package, food cereals, cosmetic and paper industries.

What is the nutritional value of maize?

All the types of maize are nutritious and good for human health. Raw, yellow sweet maize karnels are composed of 1% fat, 3% protein, 19% carbohydrates and 76% water, And a serving of 100 gram maize karnels provide about 86 calories and are a very good source of vitamin B, thiamin, niacin, folate and pantothenic acid. They also provide moderate amounts of dietary fiber and some essential minerals such as phosphorus and magnesium.

What are the health benefits of consuming maize/corn?

Consuming maize or corn has some health benefits. Most notable health benefits of consuming maize are mentioned below.

Due to the fiber content, consuming maize is good for digestion.
Maize can help in lowering LDL cholesterol.
Regular consumption of corn can helps in preventing skin problems and can also help to combat with hair loss.
Consuming corn is beneficial for heart, and it may helps in preventing Alzheimer’s disease.
Eating maize is good for preventing diabetes and hypertension.
It can help in improving vision and it also has anti-cancer properties.

Is maize farming profitable?

Yes, commercial maize farming is a very profitable business. You can start this business for making good profits.

How to start maize farming business?

First of all select a good site for corn/maize farming, prepare the land perfectly, choose the right variety, purchase seends, plant in the field and care for the plants.

How long does maize take to grow?

Depends on the breed. But generally most of the corn varieties become ready for harvesting within 100 days from planting.

How many times is maize planted in a year?

You can take 2-3 crops in a year from the same field.

Is maize a profitable crop?

Yes, commercial maize farming is a profitable business. Demand of maize is very high in the market and the price is also good. So, you can start this business for making profits.

In which month maize is planted?

Depends on your location. For example, if you are from India then Kharif maize is sown in June to July till August and harvested in December.

Does maize need a lot of water?

Yes, maize plants grow very fast and require lots of water.

Which soil is best for maize?

Fertile, well-drained and sandy loam soil is considered as best for maize farming.

What is the correct spacing for maize?

The recommended spacing is 75cm between rows and 25cm for plants.

How do I become a successful maize farmer?

For becoming a successful maize farmer you have to choose a disease resistant and high yielding maize variety. And you also have to take good care of the plants for having good yield.

Which weather is good for maize?

Dry weather is considered best for maize farming business.

Should I water corn every day?

No, you don’t have to water your plants everyday. Watering them once per week will be enough.

How do you increase maize yield?

Apply both organic and chemical fertilizers for increasing maize yield.

What is the best time to fertilize maize?

Fertilize your field when the soil is moist.

What fertilizer does maize need?

Maize plants require a balance of NPK fertilizers. But potassium is the nutrient required in the greatest amount by maize.

How many seeds of maize should be planted per hole?

You should plant 2-3 seeds per hole.

How many maize seeds can you plant per acre?

You will need about 10 kg seeds for planting one acre land.

Can maize be planted all year round?

Yes, maize is now cultivated throughout the year.

How long is the life cycle of maize?

Average lifespan of the maize plants is between 120 and 150 days.

Does maize need full sun?

Yes, the maize plants grow best in full sun.

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3 thoughts on “maize farming – start profitable corn production in 15 steps”.

it is very helpful. i would be extremely happy if u continue to send me more information on other commercial crops. i am a young farmer who is now venturing into the business of commercial farming and i would need help to succeed. Please can you send me information on the ready markets for all cash crops in the world. thank you.

Great.good work

Sincerely apprecieted the writer. God Bless you.

Maize production in South Africa 2022/2023, by province

Maize production in south africa by province in 2022/2023 (in 1,000 metric tons).

Additional Information

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October 2023

South Africa

fiscal year

Data for 2022/2023 is preliminary Data covers commercial production in RSA. Data excludes hybrid seeds.

Other statistics that may interest you

Production of maize in South Africa 2000-2022
Price index of maize in South Africa 2001-2019
Gross value of maize produced in South Africa 2000-2019
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Consumption of processed maize in South Africa 2001 to 2020
Export volume of maize and maize products in South Africa 2000-2023
Employment in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing in South Africa 2013-2021
Production of wheat in South Africa 2000-2021
Share of agricultural households in South Africa 2022, by province
Distribution of female-headed households in South Africa 2022, by province
Share of youth attending educational institutions in South Africa 2022, by province
Total population of South Africa 2022, by province
Number of households of South Africa 2022, by province
Share of youth attending educational institutions in South Africa 2019, by metro area
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Mexico: harvested area of corn 2020-2032
Colombia: harvested area of corn 2020-2032
Argentina: harvested area of corn 2023-2032
Production volume of strawberries in Norway 2010-2022
Share of student participation in South Africa 2019, by metro area
Land used for crop production in South Africa 2019, by tenure

Other statistics that may interest you Statistics on

About the industry

Basic Statistic Production of maize in South Africa 2000-2022
Basic Statistic Price index of maize in South Africa 2001-2019
Basic Statistic Gross value of maize produced in South Africa 2000-2019
Premium Statistic Brazil: corn production volume 2010-2023
Premium Statistic Brazil: hectarage of planted coffee 2018-2023, by region
Premium Statistic Brazil: coffee production 2014-2023
Premium Statistic Brazil: sugar cane yield 2010-2024
Premium Statistic Brazil: sugar cane production volume 2010-2024
Premium Statistic Brown sugar production volume Japan 2011-2020
Premium Statistic Potato starch production volume Japan 2012-2021

About the region

Basic Statistic Consumption of processed maize in South Africa 2001 to 2020
Basic Statistic Export volume of maize and maize products in South Africa 2000-2023
Basic Statistic Employment in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing in South Africa 2013-2021
Basic Statistic Production of wheat in South Africa 2000-2021
Basic Statistic Share of agricultural households in South Africa 2022, by province
Basic Statistic Distribution of female-headed households in South Africa 2022, by province
Basic Statistic Share of youth attending educational institutions in South Africa 2022, by province
Basic Statistic Total population of South Africa 2022, by province
Basic Statistic Number of households of South Africa 2022, by province
Basic Statistic Share of youth attending educational institutions in South Africa 2019, by metro area

Selected statistics

Premium Statistic Amount of grapes crushed in California for wine production 2000-2022, by wine variety

Other regions

Premium Statistic Lotus root production volume in Japan 2012-2021
Premium Statistic Area planted for oilseeds in Russia 2014-2021, by type
Premium Statistic Import value of processed fruits and vegetables to India FY 2016-2023
Premium Statistic Production value of open land cherries in Sweden 2012-2020
Premium Statistic Annual percentage change in olive oil production in Tunisia 2011-2020
Premium Statistic Main crops yield volume in Vietnam 2023
Premium Statistic Mexico: harvested area of corn 2020-2032
Premium Statistic Colombia: harvested area of corn 2020-2032
Premium Statistic Argentina: harvested area of corn 2023-2032
Premium Statistic Production volume of strawberries in Norway 2010-2022

Related statistics

Basic Statistic Share of student participation in South Africa 2019, by metro area
Basic Statistic Land used for crop production in South Africa 2019, by tenure

Further related statistics

Premium Statistic Grape crush volume share in California for the production of wine 2022, by variety
Premium Statistic Net sales of AGCO 2010-2022

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Grape crush volume share in California for the production of wine 2022, by variety
Net sales of AGCO 2010-2022

IMAGES

Starting Maize Farming Business in South Africa
Maize Business Plan
South African maize planting area seen expanding 6 percent
Agriculture Business Plan Template Sample Pages
A solid maize harvest in South Africa
Maize Production

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COMMENTS

Starting Maize Farming Business in South Africa
GET THE MAIZE FARMING BUSINESS PLAN (PDF, WORD AND EXCEL) - R500 Only. We decided to make the business plan affordable to anyone who would want to start the business, and the price for the pre-written business plan is only 500 Rand. We have several payment methods which you can use.
Maize or Corn Farming in South Africa
Maize Farming. 11 January, 2023. In 2021/22, South Africa was the ninth largest producer of maize (also known as "mielies" and corn) in the world, and the largest maize producer in Africa. The country produces around 14 million tonnes of maize per year, of which around 12 million tonnes are white maize and 2 million tonnes are yellow maize.
PDF Business Plan the Maize Trust Pilot Project for Assisting Black
In 2008 the Maize Trust received applications for an amount of R9 516 901 from a number of Agri-Businesses and other interested parties. The Trust approved and paid R6 300 747 to nine Agri-Businesses in respect of 585 black emerging farmers participating in the initiative. The participating emerging farmers intended to plant a total of 8 630 ...
What you should know before starting a maize farm
Maize, also known as corn, is a cereal grain that is grown in many parts of the world. It takes about 150 days from planting to harvesting. The planting process begins by planting the seeds in the ground. The growth of the maize plants will take about 8-10 months. After the plants have grown, they will be harvested.
How to start a maize farming business in South Africa
To start with, you need to get approximately 3 to 5 hectares of land. By leasing it or purchasing it, you can get the property. While leasing would be the more viable choice for a new farmer. Maize can grow on almost any soil, but in rich moist soil with a pH between 5.8 and 6.8, it is the best soil to grow maize.
Maize Farm Business Plan
This business plan provides a blueprint for how to start and manage your Maize Farm business. Our detailed research and analysis, including interviews with entrepreneurs and stakeholders, will ensure that you plan your future business for success. A business plan is used for various purposes including to (a) Raise funding from investors/friends ...
PDF A Profile of The South African Maize Market Value Chain
Regions 12 up to 20 are all in North-West province. Approximately 60% of total maize production in South Africa comes from regions 21 up to 28 which are under the Free State as well as North-West provinces. Regions 29 to. 33 are within Mpumalanga, which is the second largest maize-producing province.
PDF Maize production
Approximately 8,0 million tons of maize grain are produced in South Africa annually on approximately 3,1 million ha of land. Half of the production consists of white maize, for human food consumption. Maize needs 450 to 600 mm of water per season, which is mainly acquired from the soil moisture reserves.
How to plan, start and profit from a Maize Farm in
Step by Step Guide of Starting a Maize Farm Business. Step 1: Business Goals It's important to understand that people start businesses for multiple reasons: (1) be your own boss; (2) follow a passion; (3) financial independence; (4) do something during retirement; (5) have a social impact; (6) etc. Take some time to consider why you want to ...
Tips on Maize farming in South Africa
Maize farming in South Africa. Locally grown, maize makes up a significant contribution to international cultivation. Planted on 2.8 million hectares, locally cultivated maize accounts for 20% of the production in sub-Saharan Africa. The growth of maize production has been promoted by cutting-edge technology as well as the use of genetically ...
[Pdf Sample] Business Plan For Farming In South Africa Docx
In today's fast-paced world, the farming industry continues to play a vital role in providing food security and economic stability. South Africa, with its rich agricultural resources, offers numerous opportunities for aspiring farmers and entrepreneurs to establish successful farming businesses. However, starting a farming business requires careful planning and a comprehensive business plan to ...
Maize Farming: South Africa's Staple Crop and Economic Driver
The cultivation of maize includes land preparation, planting, fertilization, pest and weed control, and harvesting. Farmers utilize various techniques such as mechanization, irrigation, and crop rotation to optimize yields and manage risks. Climate and Growing Regions: South Africa has diverse climatic conditions, allowing for maize cultivation ...
Important general guides for successful maize production
The country's planting season for maize runs from late October to mid-December and all the seed should be in the ground by mid-December. But before planting any kind of crops, there are general guidelines that need to be followed. This lowers chances of any unnecessary loses and on the part of farmers. Tractor and diesel.
Maize Farming Business Plan [Sample Template]
The amount needed to acquire/lease a farm land - $50,000. The amount required for preparing the farm land - $70,000. The cost for acquiring the required working tools and equipment/machines/fencing et al - $10,000. The amount required for purchase of the first set of maize seedlings et al - $50,000.
Making Money from maize in Africa
THE AFRICAN PICTURE. Africa accounted for 7% of global maize production in 2017 with 84.2 million tons produced. Maize occupied close to 24% of farmland in Africa - more than any other crop. 37 million hectares of maize was planted in Africa, 20% of the total global planted area. South Africa, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Egypt produced 51% of ...
Market overview: Maize meal production in South Africa
38% of the maize produced in South Africa is for human consumption. The price of yellow maize (animal feed) directly impacts the cost of poultry in South Africa as it's the biggest input cost for chicken producers. In 2017, South Africa yielded a record high maize production of 12.7 tons, following a two-year drought period.
Maize farming: Caring for your crop during the first 40 days
Physical and chemical characteristics of soil can influence root development, and if you notice something during this stage of the plant's development, it will determine further actions.". Maize plants grow rapidly during the first 30 to 40 days after planting, and you should provide adequate nutrients. This is the time to look for signs of ...
PDF production
crop in South Africa, followed by soya bean, wheat, sunflower, groundnut, grain sorghum and other legume crops. The production of both white and yellow maize takes place in the summer rainfall areas. Local annual production for maize ranges between 4 370 000 to 7 700 000 tons for yellow maize and 7 700 000 to 16 800 000 tons for white maize.
The basics of maize production
Flip. Maize (Zea mays) is today the most widely grown grain crop, with global production standing at just over one billion tons. This is 38% of total grain production, which amounts to 2,6 billion tons. (Wheat comes in second at about 750 million tons, and rice third at about 480 million tons). In 2017, South African maize production was 17,5 ...
12 Best Profitable Farming Businesses in South Africa
Avocado Farming. Macadamia Nut Farming. Wine Production. Olive Farming. Honey Production. Fruit Juice Production. Organic Farming. Conclusion. South Africa's diverse climate and rich soil make it ideal for various agricultural activities, offering numerous money-making agriculture business ideas.
Maize Farming
Step 4: Select A Good Location. First of all, select a good location for maize farming. Maize plants grow well in fertile soil with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. They can be grown on wide range of soil types including loamy, sandy loamy or clay loam soil (heavy clay soil is not good for maize farming).
Agricultural Business Chamber of South Africa
A crop of 16,35 million tonnes implies South Africa will have sufficient supplies to meet domestic maize needs of roughly 11,40 million tonnes and have over 3,00 million tonnes for export markets in the 2023/24 marketing year. Download. With summer crop harvest underway across South Africa, the recent production estimates are more reliable and ...
South Africa: maize production, by province 2023
Published by. Natalie Cowling , Mar 6, 2024. In 2022/2023, the total production of maize in South Africa amounted to roughly 15.6 million metric tons. The Free State produced the most maize out of ...