research proposal example in kenya

• Call: +254725788400
• [email protected]

Research Proposal Writing

Proposal writing support, 1. introduction: background to the study.

We at KENPRO take our clients through the following introductory parts of chapter one of most of research projects undertaken by college and university students:

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Objectives/ Questions/Hypothesis

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.5 Scope of the Study

1.6 Limitation of the Study

1.7 Conceptual OR Theoretical Framework

1.8 Operational Definition of Key Terms

It should be noted that there are a little variations on this outline depending on the individual requirements of various colleges and universities. However, this outline constitutes the key parts of the introduction in essence.

We assist our clients in developing background to the study. We have nuemrous authoritative and scholarly online resources to build the most comprehensive up-to-date background to any education and social sciences research.

There are other critical parts of this introduction that students of research find difficulties. These include  research problem analysis  in order to up with good research questions or objectives to guide the study. Other parts include drawing up a good conceptual framework while taking into account both dependent and independent variables or constructs.  

Research Problem Analysis

The identification of research problem is the first and foremost step that every researcher has to undertake. At times, it becomes rather difficult for an inexperienced researcher or a novice/beginner in research to conceptualize a research problem. In general, a research problem should be understood as some difficulty, unclear situation which a researcher experiences in practical or theoretical context and wants to obtain a tangible explanation, clarification or offer solution to it. For students, this problem may be as a result of theoretical encounter in the area of specialization. As such, before embarking on any research, you should identify the major research area of your interest, mostly the area of your specialization. For instance from: Education, Social sciences, Humanities, Business administration among others.

Once you have the broad area, you narrow down the area by selecting a particular topic. This should be done after going through most of the literature related to the area. The topic should further be narrowed down to a specific researchable problem.

Components of a Research Problem. For a research problem to exist, there are a number of core elements that have to be inherent. There must be:

1. An individual or community or an organization/institution to whom the problem could be attributed.

These occupy a certain geographical area. For instance, teacher/parental factors affecting students performance in private secondary schools in Embu Municipality. In this study, there are individuals (parents, teachers, students), there are institutions (private secondary schools), and there is the area of study (Embu Municipality).

2. Some Objectives for pursuing the problem

There must be some objectives pursuing the problem, otherwise, it would be repugnant to reason and common understanding to undertake the research. For example: To find out teacher/parental factors affecting the students academic performance in private secondary schools in Embu Municipality.

3. Some lines of action to be taken

There must be at least two lines of action to be taken to attain the objective. For example, poor academic performance may be attributed to negative teacher and parental factors. Thus altering negative teacher factors and parental factors become the lines of action to be pursued. Here, the underlying question is “what is the cause of this problem – poor academic performance?” It is in answering this question that you must pursue some lines of action through stating some variables (teacher factors and parental factors).

We at KENPRO help our customers in identifying research topic(s). Once identified, the client is supposed to agree with the supervisor to be allowed to proceed.

2. Literature Review

We support our customers by providing literature resources that may be required for both theoretical and empirical review. We have access to hundreds of online international journals and digital libraries.

A literature review is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to your selected area of study. The review should describe, summarize, evaluate and clarify this literature. It should give a theoretical base for the research and help you (the researcher) determine the nature of your research. Works, which are irrelevant, should be discarded and those, which are peripheral, should be looked at critically.

In general, the literature review should:

• Provide a context for the research
• Justify the research
• Ensure the research hasn’t been done before
• Show where the research fits into the existing body of knowledge
• Enable the researcher to learn from previous theory on the subject
• Illustrate how the subject has been studied previously
• Highlight flaws in previous research
• Outline gaps in previous research
• Show that the work is adding to the understanding and knowledge of the field of study
• Help refine, refocus or even change the topic

This chapter is generally divided according to the specific research objectives guiding the study. Each research objective / question should be reviewed. Such review helps in identifying knowledge gaps in the previous related studies and in the discussion of the findings.

Literature resources retrieval depends on the topic and the number of resources required. They may vary depending on the clients program of study and educational level. Roughly, we charge as low as Ksh. 250 /- to 1000/- per page.

3. Research Design and Methodology

We assist our clients in coming up with Research Design and methodology.

The most common sections of the methodology include the following:

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Target Population

3.3 Sample and Sampling procedure

3.4 Description of instruments

3.5 Validity of the Research Instruments

3.6 Reliability of the Research Instrument

3.7 Data collection procedure

3.8 Data analysis procedure

3.9 Ethical Considerations

Research Design: The most commonly used research designs in education and social sciences research include survey research design, the case study and naturalistic research designs. As a student of research, be ware of confusion between research designs and research approaches (qualitative and quantitative research approaches or paradigms).

Sample and sampling procedure: This is another tricky part of methodology which can pose a great challenge to a student of research or even a practitioner. There are a number of approaches that are used to arrive at the sample size. Some maintain that at least 10% (Gay, 1996) of the total population is representative; Others 30% (Gall, Borg and Gall, 2003). However, this is disputed. As such, use of Krejcie, and Morgan, table of determining sample size which is formula based is encouraged. One may also opt to use the formula to determine the sample size.

Reliability: Determining reliability of data collection instruments is also tricky. We encourage students to validate and determine the reliability of the instruments. To determine the reliability of research instruments, one must conduct a pilot test using related target population which does not form part of the final sample. Correlations (spearman’s rank correlation, Pearson’s correlation or Cronbach’s apha may be used to determine reliability). IBM SPSS is a valuable tool in computing reliability.

We offer support in drawing up research design and methodology.

Developing Data Collection Instruments

We assist our customers in developing research instruments. This MAINLY include Questionnaires and Interview guides. However, there are other instruments that we assist our clients to develop like observations guides among others depending on varied research designs:

Questionnaire Method

One method which can be used to ask questions is to use a questionnaire. This is a set of written questions on a sheet with spaces provided for respondents to reply to the questions. Questionnaires are frequently self-administered or they may be used during an interview. A questionnaire is most useful when you want to collect a small amount of clearly defined facts from a large number of people. Although very useful, there are two important disadvantages of self-administered questionnaires: Only people who can read and write can answer them (many street children are not literate); Less opportunity exists for street children to explain confusing answers.

Interviewing is one of the commonest method of collecting information from individuals. It is not surprising, then, that interviewing takes several forms:

Structured interviews, in which the wording of the questions and their sequence is the same from one interview to another; the respondents must choose from a limited number of answers that have been written in advance.

Semi-structured interviews, in which the interviewer asks important questions in the same way each time but is free to alter the sequence of the questions and to probe for more information; respondents can answer the questions in any way they choose.

Unstructured interviews, in which interviewers have a list of topics they want respondents to talk about but are free to phrase the questions as they wish; the respondents are free to answer in any way they choose.

Focus Group Discussion

Some important points to remember about the focus group as a means of collecting information:

a) This method is frequently used to explore a new issue in monitoring and evaluation studies and to discover what a group of people or project workers might think or feel about a question or problem.

b) The goal is to provide an opportunity for participants to talk to one another about a specific topic.

c) The facilitator is there to guide the discussion but should avoid intervening in the discussion.

Observation Method

It is, perhaps, the technique most closely related to everyday life. It involves watching and recording the behaviour of individuals or groups, or the events that occur in a particular place. One of the advantages of using this approach is that you may choose when and where to carry out the observation procedure and so ensure that you will have a good chance of seeing the people or the behaviour you wish to observe.

The charges range between Kshs.1,500 to Kshs. 3,500.

The charges depend on the level of the study (Diploma, Degree, Undergraduate and Postgraduate) and on the types and the number of instruments (Questionnaires, Interview guides, Observation schedules, etc).

KENPRO strengthens human and institutional capacities through providing best practices in project management, research and IT solutions, with a component of training.

Related Sites

• African Journal of Education and Social Sciences
• AfroKid Computing
• Afri Digital Marketing
• Higher Institute of Applied Learning
• Schools Net Kenya
• School Study Resources
• Writers Bureau Centre

Recent Publications

Innovative application of solar and biogas in agriculture in kenya, 6 ways to attract high-quality talent to your business, uganda solar installation capacity growth trends between 2012 and 2022, kenya solar installation capacity growth trends between 2012 and 2022, an overview of solar energy growth trends from 2012 to 2022 in the context of africa and kenya, why manager-employee relations are crucial for companies, subscription.

Subscribe below to receive updates on our publications

• +254 734 579 299
• +254 725 788 400
• General Inquiries: [email protected]

St. Marks Academy Admin Block, Off Magadi Road, P.O. Box 15509-00503, Mbagathi, Nairobi-Kenya

Kenya Projects Organization (KENPRO) is a registered membership organization in Kenya (Reg. No. KJD/N/CBO/1800168/13)

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Samuel Gichimu Muchai Project proposal Draft BBIT Mount Kenya Student.pdf

Related Papers

MARTIN WODULO

IJAR Indexing

This project work was carried out on the design and implementation of an e-commerce website, a case study of Federal College of Forestry Consultancy Unit (FEDCOF). The project work is aimed at providing a virtual market system that will automate the manual system of buying and selling of FEDCOF products within the state. The current processes in FEDCOF are carried out manually thus causing delays and cancellation of orders as FEDCOF could either retrieve the customer and/or order information. SSDM (Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology) is the methodology used in the analysis and design stages of the system development. The project was implemented using Dreamweaver CS6 (HTML, CSS, Jquery, and Javascript) as its front end and MySQL as the back end and a careful analysis of the existing system was carried out in order to identify and correct the problems of the existing system. The deployment and usage of this new system will help in the reduction of poor record keeping of daily transactions and provide a 24/7 online virtual market. Its success and efficiency depends largely on the availability of internet enabled devices to the end users.

saroj basnet

Electronic marketing is becoming a crucial part of any business in the modern days of businesses. With the use of it, people can make business more profitable and successful.

joan ongoche

After the birth of the Internet, the world has officially entered the era of information explosion. Internet as one of the world’s biggest information resource database, links to the world’s hundreds of millions of information through the optical fiber, countless websites, countless words, pictures, videos and other information’s that uploaded by billions of Internet users, and they are increasing rapidly moment by moment.

Petroleum Geoscience

Iraj Abdollahie Fard

Advances in Anatomic Pathology

Ryan Hutchinson

Fabiana de Menezes Soares

The Canadian double jurisdictional system offers a rare experience to understand the production processes of laws in the Romanist and the Common Law systems. This perspective is of great value when considering law production (formal and material) of international agreements, particularly, in this article, of the Agreement of the ALCA. The objective is, then, to evidence in which sense the evolution of the studies and the experience of jurisprudence can intervene in the processes of production and reform of the domestic law in a context of multicultural countries, but with an evident unevenness in the plan of the quality of the law and in the coherence of the normative system.

Ravi Prakash

In order to provide thermal comfort in a tropical country like India, the use of conventional window air-conditioners is very much electricity intensive, which may lead to a further increase in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A significant economic and environmental advantage can be achieved by adopting modified air cooling systems. This paper presents a case study for proposing a design of an energy-efficient and affordable cooling system for a hostel building located at the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad located at Prayagraj (UP), India. The design consists of a solar electricity-based centralized chilled water air conditioning system and an earth air heat exchanger (EAHE) as a passive cooling solution. The EAHE takes advantage of the fact that at a depth of 4 meters, the earth’s temperature remains constant throughout the year. An earth air tunnel can provide year round thermal comfort i.e. both heating and cooling depending on inlet air temperature...

Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi

Agung Haryono

Anais do XII Encontro Nacional …

Sergio Odilon Nadalin

RELATED PAPERS

Marcin Wnuk

… Assembly 2010, held 2-7 May, …

Adriana Alves

REVISTA CONCIENCIA EPG

Martina Flores

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

Srinath Thakur

Augusto de la Torre

Scientific Reports

Veronica Ueckermann

Henry Okodua

Frontiers in Environmental Science

Suresh Pandian Elumalai

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine

Nimrah Nadeem

Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología

Nicolás Fernández

The concept of peace in light of the war in eastern Ukraine

Hryhorii Kovalskyi

Revista Folios

Luz Gloria Cárdenas

Annals of Tourism Research

Stroma Cole

daffa pratama

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Pembangunan

Danil Maulana

The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology

mehmet çetiner

La Revue de Médecine Légale

Stephane Blanot

Food & Nutrition Research

Julian David Almeida Castillo

Clinical Immunology

Pallavi Tawde

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

RESEARCH PROPOSAL EXAMPLES

01- FORMAT-FOR-RESEARCH-PROPOSAL-AND-REPORT-WRITING.pdf

A-Research-Proposal.pdf

a-research-proposal-on-contributions-of-social-sites-to-cybercrimes.pdf

Career-Plans-and-Aspirations-of-Secondary-School-Students-in-Kenya-1a.doc

Domestic-Violence-Research-Proposal.doc

DRAFT-PROPOSAL-FOR-MSc-PROCUREMENT-AND-SUPPLY-CHAIN-MANAGEMENT.doc

Factors-Affecting-Competitiveness-and-Growth-of-Saccos.docx

Factors-Influencing-the-Demand-for-Domestic-Tourism-in-Kenya-David-Moi-17th-Corrections.doc

Final-Research-Proposal-Elias.doc

Procurement-Research-Proposal.docx

Proposal-on-ways-of-curbing-the-challenge-of-drug-abuse.pdf

Reseach-Project-Sample-Diploma-in-Business.doc

RESEARCH-PROPOSAL-AN-OVERVIEW-OF-CORRUPTION-AND-THE-TRENDS-OF-DEVELOPMENT-IN-NIGERIA-A-CASE-STUDY-OF-THE-NIGERIA-FOURTH-REPUBLIC.docx

Research-Proposal-Motanya.doc

RESEARCH-PROPOSALon-Women-Empowerment-and-Micro-Finance.doc

Sample-Business-Proposal-Impact-of-Microfinance-in-Kenya.doc

•   UoN Digital Repository Home

Theses and Dissertations

By Issue Date Authors Titles Subjects

Search within this community and its collections:

Sub-communities within this community

Faculty of arts & social sciences (foa&ss / fol / fbm) [2806], collections in this community, faculty of agriculture & veterinary medicine (fag / fvm) [2929], faculty of arts & social sciences, law, business mgt (foa&ss / fol / fbm) [24440], faculty of education (fed) [5964], faculty of engineering, built environment & design (feng / fbd) [1459], faculty of health sciences (fhs) [4024], faculty of science & technology (fst) [4016], recent submissions, microservice based architecture referral for health information exchange with patient authorization for hmis – kenya , tomato pest management practices and efficacy of selected botanical pesticides for management of tomato leaf miner (tuta absoluta) in kathiani, machakos county , evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis isolates’ potential in the management of pod borers (lepidoptera: noctuidae) infesting pigeon peas , prevalence and pattern of corneal diseases in paediatric patients at kenyatta national hospital eye clinic and the university of nairobi eye centre , influence of phonics instructional method on learner acquisition of english language reading skills in tuition centres in pre-primary institutions in dagoretti north, nairobi county , maize post-harvest handling, knowledge and practices of farmers in somalia (a case of maize meal aflatoxin exposure) , prevalence, risk factors and pattern of injuries among the volleyball players in the kenya volleyball federation league: a season’s review , assessment of the neonatal referral and transport system for patients with gastroschisis reffered to kenyatta national hospital , evaluation of the properties of geopolymer concrete with the addition of bamboo leaf ash as a natural pozzolanic material , incidence, management, and outcome of refractory postpartum hemorrhage at kenyatta national hospital in the year 2015 to 2020 , potential of host resistance and efficient water use in management of bacterial wilt of tomatoes in kajiado county , a study on the effect of mounting parameters on the performance of bifacial solar modules , phosphorus fractions and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as influenced by forest conversion into other land use types on planosols in nyandarua county , evaluation of phenotypic plasticity in reproductive fitness traits of arabis alpina l. (brassicaceae) in the afromontane region of mount kenya , varietal resistance and use of crude plant extracts in the management of field pests in green gram (vigna radiata) in machakos county, kenya , assessing drivers and effects of peri-urban development in secondary towns: a case study of kitui town in kitui county, kenya , assessment of elemental content and associated radiological exposure in sand beds of tiva river, kitui county , caregiver knowledge of early developmental interventions after perinatal asphyxia at the kenyatta national hospital new born unit , time to treatment outcome and associated factors among tuberculosis patients: an application of cox regression model , the effects of informal urban sprawl on the provision of infrastructure in makongeni neighbourhood of thika municipality, kiambu county, kenya .

The Federal Register

The daily journal of the united states government, request access.

Due to aggressive automated scraping of FederalRegister.gov and eCFR.gov, programmatic access to these sites is limited to access to our extensive developer APIs.

If you are human user receiving this message, we can add your IP address to a set of IPs that can access FederalRegister.gov & eCFR.gov; complete the CAPTCHA (bot test) below and click "Request Access". This process will be necessary for each IP address you wish to access the site from, requests are valid for approximately one quarter (three months) after which the process may need to be repeated.

An official website of the United States government.

If you want to request a wider IP range, first request access for your current IP, and then use the "Site Feedback" button found in the lower left-hand side to make the request.