Sachem Central School District

Board of Education Presentations

Click here to view recent presentations shown at a specific Board of Education meeting, https://www.boarddocs.com/ny/sachem/Board.nsf

  • NYSED Required Physicals - August 2023
  • BOCES Demographic Presentation - August 2023
  • Sachem Summer Projects - September 21, 2022
  • Cohen Children's Northwell School Mental Health Partnership Presentation - March 9, 2022
  • 9th Period Opportunities for All - January 5, 2022
  • 9th Period Opportunities for All - November 17, 2021
  • Curriculum and Instruction Update – September 22, 2021
  • September IT Update - September 2, 2021
  • Sachem CRRSA Act Presentation Final - June 16, 2021
  • UPK Update Presentation - June 2, 2021
  • Technology Presentation - January 20, 2021
  • NWEA Assessment Pilot Presentation - November 18, 2020
  • Sachem Testing Updates - March 2021
  • Board Updates - Guards in Vestibules & Nine-Period Day Updates - March 18, 2020
  • ENL Presentation March 4, 2020
  • Tri-State Consultancy Visit Presentation - February 12, 2020
  • District Technology Update November 20, 2019
  • SEL and Wellness Initiatives - Update - November 6, 2019
  • Sachem Career and Technical Education (CTE) Updates - October 23, 2019
  • 18-19 Academic Performance Data - September 18, 2019
  • Food Services - August 2019
  • Curriculum and Instruction Update - June 2019
  • OSS Presentation - June 5, 2019
  • District Plan of Service for Special Education - June 5, 2019
  • Frost Valley Update - April 17, 2019
  • Elementary Day Presentation - March 20, 2019
  • Tri-State Consortium-Updates - January 9, 2019
  • SEL - “Educating The Whole Child” - December 12, 2018
  • Curriculum Update - November 28, 2018
  • SCOPE Child Care Program - November 28, 2018
  • BOE Code of Conduct - November 14, 2018
  • Security Update - November 14, 2018
  • 17-18 Climate Survey Overview & Academic Performance Data - October 24, 2018
  • Curriculum and Instruction Update - October 10, 2018
  • Threat, Vulnerability, and Risk Assessment Presentation - September 12, 2018
  • Student Connections Presentation - August 29, 2018
  • District Goals Presentation - June 20, 2018
  • Seventh Grade World Language Proposal - February 7, 2018
  • Student Accident Insurance - December 6, 2017
  • Summer Enrichment Program - December 6, 2017
  • Code of Conduct - November, 15 2017
  • Career and Technical Education Presentation - November 1, 2017
  • Tri-State Consortium Presentation - October 18, 2017
  • Board of Education Goals Presentation - September 27, 2017
  • District Safety Plan Presentation - September 27, 2017
  • District Safety Plan Draft
  • Board of Education Goals Presentation - September 6, 2017
  • Superintendent's Entry Plan Report - January 18, 2017
  • 15-16 Academic Performance Data - September 21, 2016

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Board of Education Presentations

2023-2024 board of education presentations  .

  • October 25, 2023 Work Session—Video
  • October 25, 2023 Tax Levy Presentation—Slides
  • October 25, 2023 Safety & Security Update Presentation—Slides
  • December 18, 2023 Work Session—Video
  • December 18, 2023 Armed Security Exploration Presentation—Slides
  • January 31, 2024 Work Session—Video
  • January 31, 2024 Alternative Education Presentation—Slides
  • January 31, 2024 Reading in Focus Presentation—Slides
  • February 29, 2024 Budget Workshop—Video
  • February 29, 2024 Budget Workshop—Slides
  • March 13, 2024 Budget Workshop—Video
  • March 13, 2024 Budget Workshop—Slides
  • March 20, 2024 Budget Workshop/Public Input 2024-2025 Proposed Budget—Video
  • March 20, 2024 Budget Workshop/Public Input 2024-2025 Proposed Budget—Slides

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2022-2023 Board of Education Presentations

  • Portrait of A Graduate  - September 15, 2022
  • Safety and Security Presentation  - October 12, 2022 
  • Hiring, Recruitment, and Support Staff Professional Development Presentation -February 5, 2023
  • Curriculum Highlight Presentation -January 18, 2023
  • 2022-23 BOE Budget Presentation  - March 16, 2022
  • 2022-23 BOE Budget Presentation (Spanish)   - March 16, 2022
  • 2022-23 BOE Budget Presentation - Public Input (Capital & Financial Planning)  - March 23, 2022
  • 2022-23 BOE Budget Presentation - Public Input (Capital & Financial Planning) (Spanish)   - March 23, 2022
  • 2022-23 BOE Budget Presentation - Adopt Budget  - April 6, 2022
  • 2022-23 BOE Budget Presentation - Adopt Budget (Spanish)  - April 6, 2022
  • 2022-23 BOE Budget Presentation (Public Hearing)  - May 10, 2022
  • 2022-23 BOE Budget Presentation (Public Hearing)  - May 10, 2022 Spanish

2021-2022 Board of Education Presentations

  • 2021-22 BOE Budget Presentation (Public Hearing) - May 11, 2021
  • 2021-22 BOE Budget Presentation (Public Hearing) - May 11, 2021 (Spanish)
  • 2021-22 BOE Budget Presentation (Adopt Budget) - April 14, 2021
  • 2021-22 BOE Budget Presentation (Adopt Budget) - April 14, 2021 (Spanish)
  • 2021-22 BOE Budget Presentation - Public Input (Capital & Financial Planning) - March 24, 2021
  • 2021-22 BOE Budget Presentation - Public Input (Capital & Financial Planning) - March 24, 2021 (Spanish)
  • 2021-22 BOE Budget Presentation - March 17, 2021
  • 2021-22 BOE Budget Presentation - March 17, 2021 (Spanish)

2019-2020 Board of Education Presentations  

  • Smart School Bond  - July 10, 2019
  • Proposed School Comprehensive Education Plan (SCEP) & District Comprehensive Improvement Plan (DCIP) - August 14, 2019
  • 2019/20 Tax Levy Presentation  - October 2, 2019
  • Energy Performance Contract II  - December 4, 2019
  • LAUNCH Lab Presentation  - January 15, 2020 
  • Portrait of a Farmingdale Graduate  - February 5, 2020
  • Safety Presentation  - February 5, 2020
  • 6th Grade Update: Maximizing Opportunities for Students and Teachers - March 4, 2020

2018-2019 Board of Education Presentations

  • 2018-2019 Tax Levy Presentation  - October 3, 2018
  • Bond 2016 Update Presentation  - October 3, 2018
  • BOE Safety presentation  - November 17, 2018
  • Special Ed BOE Presentation  - December 5, 2018
  • FPS Communication Plan  - February 6, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Proposed Budget Presentation (English)  - March 13, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Proposed Budget Presentation (Spanish)  - March 13, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Budget Presentation (Capital) (English) - March 20, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Budget Presentation (Capital) (Spanish)  - March 20, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Budget Presentation (Financial Planning) (English)  - March 27, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Budget Presentation (Financial Planning) (Spanish)  - March 27, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Budget Presentation (English)  - April 3, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Budget Presentation (Spanish)  - April 3, 2019
  • Dalers Read BOE Presentation  - May 1, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Public Hearing (English)  - May 14, 2019
  • Board of Education 2019/20 Public Hearing (Spanish)  - May 14, 2019

By The Numbers

5,174 Students Enrolled

1,690 Honor Roll Students

1,870 Student Athletes

3,718 Student Musicians/Artists

20 AP Courses Available

1,400 Students in After-School Activities

Brown v Board of Education

  • What was the case about?
  • Linda Brown, an eight year old African-American girl, was denied admission to an elementary school five blocks from her home because it was a “white school.” She was required to enroll in a School 21 blocks from her home by state law in Topeka, Kansas.

The Ruling / Decision

  • The court ruled 9-0 in favor of Brown. “Segregation is a denial of the equal protection of the laws.”
  • Violates the 14 th amendment.

The Precedent:�

“Segregation is never equal”

Why it is important / significant.

  • Over turned the “separate but equal doctrine” previously established in Plessy.
  • “Brown v Board” was the main initiator of the Civil Rights Movement.
  • Led to the eventual integration of public schools.

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Related Papers

Brian J Daugherity

PAGE On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court handed down one of its most important decisions in the twentieth century. Brown v. Board of Education ordered twenty-one U.S. states, including Virginia, to end racial segregation in their public schools. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a nationally-known African American civil rights organization, had led the legal campaign to bring about the Brown decision. After its victory, the organization focused on how to bring about the implementation of the decision in the South in order to effectuate school desegregation. In the later 1950s, the NAACP filed lawsuits in many southern states, including Virginia, where school boards had been unable, or unwilling, to comply. As the possibility of school desegregation grew, white southerners bitterly attacked the NAACP and proponents of integration. In Virginia this led to state-sanctioned investigations of the organization, among other things. Utilizi...

board of education presentation

Journal of American History

Clayborne Carson

Daniel Santos

From the time Abraham Lincoln declared African-Americans free in the Emancipation Proclamation until the Civil Rights Act of 1965, the Supreme Court interpreted individual protections under the Constitution in various ways. African-American citizens are exploited for their economic power during slavery, political power during Jim crow, and social mobility throughout all of U.S. history. These examples prove that people who run the United States republic have placed a badge of inferiority and second-class citizenship onto African-Americans. Therefore, when Justice Warren says, “Education plays a crucial role in training people to become members of society, and more importantly, to be citizens and the participate in civil life,” then equal opportunity must be affirmed under the protections of the U.S. Constitution and enforced universally! Social science along with progressive judges steered public policy to integrate society in a move that appealed to a diverse society while reversing previous cultural attitudes. Opponents of integration of African-Americans argue that the Courts violated States rights and freedom of contract liberalism, however, opponents do not consider social science or any viewpoints other than their own!

Rebeca Burciaga

This article reflects on the 60th anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision while discussing the significant lessons learned from this and subsequent court decisions. Argument: In this article, we posit that a fundamentally different conversation surrounding the legacy of Brown is needed if we are to critically understand the past, present, and future of race relations as a backdrop to issues of segregated schooling in this country. Implications: The troublesome legacy of Brown provides a unique opportunity to interrogate why we, as a country, continue to have faith in this particular court decision as a remedy for racial inequality. We invite readers to symbolically “let go” of Brown in order to imagine new possibilities for racial justice, educational opportunity, and social reform.

Bell Julian Clement

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology

Martin Ruck

West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies

Frank M. Kirkland

Rumana Islam

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Board of Education Presentations

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During the course of the school year, our board of education meetings feature many important presentations, some of which the state mandates we post on our website.

Annual Jackson School District Nursing Report 2023

Presented Aug. 16, 2023

Nursing report cover 2023

Harassment, Intimidation and Bullying Presentation

From Feb. 21, 2024 (Report Period Sept - Dec. 2023)

cover of Violence and Vandalism report

Violence and Vandalism Presentation

board of education presentation

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13 Tips on How To Nail a Presentation To the Board of Directors

Martina Bretous

Published: January 13, 2021

In college, I always made it a point to listen intently to presentations. I knew how stressful and nerve-racking it was to present in a room of peers and authority figures.

board of directors listens to man's presentation

I would nod feverishly to let presenters know I was invested in their presentation. And they knew it too. They often zeroed in on me as I became their focus point and silent motivator. The fixation felt awkward at times, but that felt like one of my small contributions to society. That, and an endless supply of cat videos.

→ Free Download: 10 PowerPoint Presentation Templates [Access Now]

Back then, the stakes were relatively low. But when you’re tasked with putting together a presentation to a board of directors, the pressure’s on.

But with a few tricks in your arsenal, you won’t need a sympathetic audience member to gauge how well you’re doing.

Let’s walk through some tips to prepare for your presentation and review some things to avoid.

How To Make a Presentation To the Board

  • Know your audience.
  • Plan ahead.
  • Structure your presentation.
  • Keep it concise.
  • Set up early.
  • Incorporate visuals into your presentation.
  • Focus on results.
  • Send materials beforehand.
  • Build confidence with your power outfit.
  • Rehearse your script.
  • Don't fall into the PowerPoint Trap.
  • Read the room.
  • Include time for questions.

1. Know your audience.

Knowing your listeners is as important as the content of your presentation. When you understand their priorities, you can put together a presentation that speaks directly to them.

If you don't know the board well, do some research and get answers to these questions:

What does the board care about?

This will help you see from what lens they look at things. For instance, a board keen on community impact may not be drawn to a presentation focused on return on investment (ROI).

There are a few ways to find this out. You can start by looking into each board member’s professional background. If most members have a finance background, for instance, you’ll want to make sure you cover any financials as it relates to your presentation. This could be cost, expected ROI, or operating margins.

You can also get some insight into what the board cares about by looking back at your interactions with its members. Think about the conversations you’ve had: What comes up most often? Is it company culture, profit, philanthropy, innovation, or something else?

What are their main concerns?

A board of directors is responsible for making decisions that will ensure the growth and sustainability of a company. So naturally, they will be looking out for anything that may impede that process.

Common concerns a board may have are:

  • Costs: How much time and money will it require?
  • Timeline: How long will this project take and is that timeline feasible?
  • Risks: How risky is your proposal and what is the risk-to-return ratio?

You may find that each board member has a different focus, which means your presentation should be well-rounded to tackle these issues.

Once you know this answer, you can subtly handle each concern throughout your presentation. Getting those answers will help you create a presentation that not only interests your audience but also aligns with their goals. This, in turn, will bring you much closer to accomplishing the plans laid out in your presentation.

board of education presentation

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2. Plan ahead.

The next step in delivering a great presentation is making a plan. This means figuring out the focus of your presentation, what you’ll cover, and what you’ll leave out.

A presentation should follow the structure of any good movie, with a beginning, middle, and an end. Here’s an example outline for a presentation where the head of the marketing team is proposing course offerings as a new lead generation channel.

Presentation outline example

The middle is the meat and potatoes of your presentation. You'll likely spend time providing data, contextualizing it, and explaining your approach.

Your ending should bring together your key points and leave your audience with actionable steps. Because what good is providing the information if you have no plan for what to do moving forward?

3. Structure your presentation based on the board’s process.

Not every board of directors operates in the same way. Sure, there are standard guidelines for every meeting. However, the approach may vary for presentations.

Some may operate more like a town hall, pausing periodically to discuss the points as they come up. In this case, leave room after each section of your presentation to discuss what was covered.

Others may follow the more standard approach: presentation followed by a discussion. Studies show that humans remember best the beginning and end of what they read, hear, and see. What’s in the middle tends to get lost. With that in mind, consider sharing your most pertinent information toward the beginning and end of your presentation.

4. Keep it concise.

One thing board members aren’t known for is open availability. That said, you want to make the most of your time with them. How do you do that? Stick to the scope of the presentation.

While it’s great to incorporate storytelling, avoid getting sidetracked and wasting time. Be clear and keep it simple.

If you’re showing data, only share one highlight per data graph. There are several reasons for this:

  • Data itself doesn’t tell a story. You, as the presenter, do. As such, you have to explain what it means and why it matters. Let’s say lead generation at your company has plateaued in the past year across all channels. That’s all the data says. But during your research, you realize it’s due to a shift in how your audience is consuming information. Your role is to present the data and explain the "why" behind the plateau along with a solution.
  • You want to prevent information overload. Share the piece of data that best supports your points and has the most impact. For instance, if a new lead generation channel is the focus of your presentation, diving into the specifics of another channel may not be worth your time.

If you leave it to your audience to make sense of the data, they might reach a conclusion that doesn’t align with your message.

5. Set up early.

There’s nothing more awkward than silence during a technical difficulty.

Everyone’s looking at you while you’re figuring out why technology has forsaken you. The more time the issue takes to resolve, the more panicked you get. We’ve all been there.

To avoid this, set up early and do a run-through before your scheduled presentation time. It’ll give you time to get familiar with the space and any technology you’ll need to run during your presentation.

6. Incorporate visuals into your presentation.

When choosing between words and media, pick the latter.

Visuals help us make sense of information at a much quicker pace than words do. We’re also better at remembering what we see versus what we hear by 55% – it’s called pictorial superiority .

It’s also beneficial to keep your visuals simple. If you have too much going on, your audience will be confused. But if it’s too bare, it will take too many visuals to paint the picture. So, pull your most significant data and use data visualization tools to design intuitive graphics.

7. Focus on results.

A board of directors typically focuses on big-picture decisions that will have a long-term impact on the company.

In this vein, every piece of your presentation should get you closer to answering these questions:

  • " Why does this matter? "
  • " What is the long-term impact? "
  • " How does this bring the company closer to its goals? "
  • " Any potential roadblocks? How will you address them? "

Incorporating these answers into your presentation will set you up for a smoother Q&A session.

8. Send materials beforehand.

Depending on what you’ll be covering in your presentation, it may be helpful to send the board materials to review in advance. This should only be supplemental information that would be too time-consuming or distracting to cover in a presentation, like reports and demos. This way, the focus during the presentation will be on the "why" and not the "how."

The one material you don’t want to send is your presentation, as you want to be the one to contextualize it. Otherwise, the board might form an opinion based on limited information.

A week before the meeting is a good rule of thumb, leaving room for you to respond to initial comments or feedback.

Think of this process as an advantage. You get insight into what the board members may bring up during the meeting and more context to prep. Secondly, it ensures everyone is on the same page ahead of the meeting. That way, you can dive straight into key points during your presentation without covering minute details.

9. Build confidence with your power outfit.

Building confidence is one of the less concrete tips on the list to implement. But the good news is, there are research-backed techniques you can use to achieve it. One of them is right within your reach: clothing.

Many of us can relate to the feeling of trying on clothes in a fitting room and feeling like a million bucks. It tends to put us in a better mood and shift our perspective.

Well, turns out there’s a reason for this. In 2012, two researchers coined the term " enclothed cognition " to refer to the impact clothes can have on the psyche. They found that the clothes we wear can shift our perspective.

In that spirit, put on your best blazer or suit the day of your presentation. That outfit may be just the boost you need.

10. Rehearse your script.

During a presentation with a board of directors, you want to avoid the Michael Scott approach at all costs.

Instead, go the exact opposite route: practice. Practice is the cure to presentation jitters and the formula for seamless delivery. The more familiar you become with your content, the better the presentation will be.

If it’s been a while since your last presentation, start by practicing in the mirror. You’ll immediately notice any mannerisms that may be distracting to your audience. Recording yourself also works great.

Then, practice in front of an audience. And, unfortunately, your dog won’t cut it for this one. Practice with family or friends who can give you feedback on how to improve.

And remember: You’re the only one who knows your speech and presentation. So, if you mess up or forget to mention something, you’re likely the only one who noticed.

11. Don’t fall into the PowerPoint trap.

You’ll likely use a tool like PowerPoint to guide you during your presentation. Yet, it’s important that you don’t overly depend on it.

For instance, packing your slides with heavy text or bullet points is a surefire way to lose your audience. In fact, 40% of respondents in a 2018 study by Prezi said it caused disengagement and made it harder to retain information.

So, stick to one key point on each slide. It’s easier for your audience to remember and prevents information overload.

12. Read the room.

Even if you follow every tip listed above, you might hit a point in your presentation where there’s a disconnect between you and your audience. You might notice confused looks or a shift in body language. If that happens, that’s your cue to pivot.

If your audience seems confused, dive in a little bit deeper on your point. If you sense disagreement, tackle those concerns head-on.

Let’s say you’re proposing a new initiative for the company, and you sense some pushback on the timeline.

You can address it by saying something along the lines of, " You may have some concern regarding the timeline and whether it’s feasible given our current projects. While the timeline may seem tight, we have factored in X, Y, and Z, and, given our past initiatives, we believe this timeline will account for A, B, and C ."

A response like this can mitigate the situation while still keeping you on track.

13. Include time for questions.

As a foodie, dinner for me isn’t complete without a good piece of chocolate. Whether it’s a KitKat or a chocolate cake, having chocolate after dinner feels like the perfect ending. Q&A sessions are kind of like that. It’s the audience’s chance to ask questions and discuss the presentation.

Be ready for questions regarding the data and solutions you presented. The length of the Q&A session will vary depending on the length of your presentation, the size of the board, and other factors.

Additionally, it’s your opportunity to address any looming concerns and re-emphasize your key points. Not sure what to do if you don’t have an answer to something? Here are a few responses:

  • "That’s a great question. I don’t have an answer for you at the moment, but I will follow up over email by end of day."
  • "I don’t have much experience in that X [topic/department/]. However, I will reach out to X and get back to you within a week."
  • "We haven’t explored that yet, but what I can tell you is …"
  • "That’s a great point we hadn’t considered before. My team and I will reconvene and strategize on the best way to approach this."

When the stakes are so high, a presentation to the board can seem daunting. By incorporating these tips into your strategy, you can remove the stress and focus instead on your delivery.

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The Types of Colleges: The Basics

Find the right college for you., sorting out colleges by their types.

Is a college the same thing as a university? What does "liberal arts" mean? Why are some colleges called public and others private? Knowing the basics in regard to different types of colleges is imperative to making the right decision.

Public and Private Colleges

Public colleges are funded by local and state governments and usually offer lower tuition rates than private colleges, especially for students who are residents of the state where a college is located.

Private colleges rely on tuition, fees, and non-government funding sources. Generous financial aid packages for students are often available thanks to private donations.

For-Profit Colleges

For-profit institutions are businesses that typically offer career training. Although these colleges offer a variety of degree programs, it's wise to exercise caution when applying to a for-profit school. The degree programs often come at a higher cost, meaning students graduate with more debt. Credits earned may not transfer to other colleges so be sure to check with the admissions office at each institution.

Four-year and two-year colleges

Four-year institutions are referred to as undergraduate colleges. Four-year colleges specifically offer bachelor's degree programs. These include universities and liberal arts colleges.

Two-year colleges offer certificate programs that can be completed in under two years. They also offer two-year associate degrees. These include community colleges, vocational-technical colleges, and career colleges.

Liberal Arts Colleges

These institutions offer numerous courses in liberal arts in areas such as literature, history, languages, mathematics, and life sciences. Most of these institutions are private and offer four-year bachelor's degree programs. These colleges prepare students for a multiplicity of careers as well as graduate studies

student looking in microscope

Universities

Universities are larger institutions that offer a wider variety of academic majors and degree options. These schools provide bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Most universities contain several smaller colleges, such as colleges of education, engineering, or health sciences. These colleges can prepare you for a wide range of careers or for graduate study.

Community Colleges

Community colleges offer two-year associate degrees that prepare undergraduates for four-year institutions offering bachelor programs. They also provide career-specific associate degrees and certificates. Community colleges are an affordable option because of their low tuition costs. 

What is the difference between a college and a university?

A college is a smaller school that may offer a wide variety of educational programs or more focused specializations for those seeking undergraduate degrees. Standing alone or as part of a larger institution, a college is often a private institution with a lower student population and smaller class sizes. On the other hand, a university is a larger school offering both undergraduate and graduate-level degrees. Because they’re a component of a university's doctoral programs, such institutions also serve as research facilities for educational advancement.

Vocational-Technical and Career Colleges

Vocational-technical and career colleges offer specialized training in a particular industry or career. Areas of study include the culinary arts, firefighting, dental hygiene, and medical-records technology. These colleges usually offer students certificates or associate degree programs.

Colleges with a Special Focus

Some colleges focus on a specific interest or student population. These include:

  • Arts colleges
  • Single-sex colleges
  • Religiously affiliated colleges
  • Specialized mission colleges

Arts Colleges

Conservatories and colleges of this variety focus on the arts. In addition to regular coursework, these institutions provide training in areas such as photography, music, theater, sculpture, drawing, or fashion design. Most of these schools offer associate or bachelor's degrees in the fine arts or a specialized field.

Single-Sex Colleges

Some private colleges are specifically for men or women.

Religiously Affiliated Colleges

Some private, higher-education institutions are connected to a religious faith. Such connections may simply be historic in nature. Others incorporate religious study into day-to-day student life.

Specially Designated Colleges

Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) focus on educating African American students. Colleges and universities are designated Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) when at least 25% of the full-time undergraduate students are Hispanic. HBCUs and HSIs may offer programs, services, and activities targeted to the underrepresented students they serve.

What is better, a university or a college?

Those who prefer a more intimate experience with a greater connection to faculty may prefer a college. However, a university may be better for those looking for a broader range of programs and more learning facilities. The ultimate answer will depend on your personal preferences and the school in question. Both colleges and universities can provide a rewarding educational experience.

What to Do Now That You Know About the Different Types of Colleges

Now that you’re familiar with the types of institutions available, you should decide which one will suit your future goals. It’s often helpful to create a vision board of what you plan to achieve before deciding how you plan to achieve it. Take some time to think about your trajectory while keeping the knowledge of these various types of schools in mind. If you need direction after you assess your needs, you may find it helpful to talk to your school's guidance office, a college recruiter, or a college alum to work through any other questions you might have.

Embarking on a journey through higher education can be both exciting and challenging. Using the information presented here should help you sift through your options so the decisions you make today will serve you better in the future. For more help finding the right colleges for you, check out College Search .

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John Fetterman challenges Pa. school board’s cancellation of talk by gay actor

John Fetterman challenges Pennsylvania school board decision cancel talk by gay actor Maulik Pancholy over political concerns_RMweblead

John Fetterman and Maulik Pancholy

The Democratic U.S. senator criticized the Cumberland Valley School District for nixing Maulik Pancholy’s anti-bullying presentation, urging a reversal on what he deems a wrongful cancellation.

U.S. Sen. John Fetterman, a Pennsylvania   Democrat , has criticized a school district in the state for canceling an event because the speaker is a gay man. Fetterman called the Cumberland Valley School District’s cancellation of an anti-bullying talk by gay actor and author Maulik Pancholy “deeply wrong” and a detriment to students’ education on diversity and bullying. The senator took to Threads to express his concern and to urge school board members to reconsider their unanimous decision.

“This decision is deeply wrong and affirms exactly why it’s so important to have a conversation about bullying,” Fetterman stated on Threads. He continued, “This is a learning experience for the children’s education & perspective, and I’m calling on the Cumberland Valley School District Board to reverse their vote and let @maulikpancholy speak.”

Pancholy, known for his roles in 30 Rock and as a voice actor in Phineas and Ferb , was scheduled to speak next month at Mountain View Middle School in Mechanicsburg about his experiences with bullying and the importance of empathy and inclusion. However, the school board canceled the event, citing concerns that the actor’s LGBTQ + advocacy would be too political for a school setting.

Despite the backlash and a growing community petition to reinstate the event, the Cumberland Valley board has stood by its decision. Trisha Comstock, who has two sons in the district, initiated an online petition to reinstate Pancholy’s talk, which quickly gathered over 1,000 signatures, The New York Times reports . Comstock argued in a phone interview that the board’s use of politics as a pretext was misguided.

“There is no political agenda. He is not trying to pass policies or change minds or anything like that,” she said.

In defense of the cancellation, board member Bud Shaffner told the Times his comments on Pancholy’s “lifestyle” were about the actor’s activism, which he perceived as political, potentially violating district policy. However, Comstock contended that if the policy were applied consistently, other groups considered activists would also face bans, questioning, “Would we ban Mothers Against Drunk Driving from coming and talking to our members?”

Board member Kelly Potteiger, also a member of the local chapter of the right-wing extremist anti-government activist group Moms for Liberty, expressed concerns that Pancholy might discuss his children’s books, which explore the bullying faced by LGBTQ + characters or his experiences with anti-bullying efforts, the Times reports. “Again, it’s not discriminating against his lifestyle, that’s his choice, but it’s him speaking about it,” Potteiger said. “He did say that that’s not the topic, but that’s what his books are about.”

Pancholy addressed the cancellation in an Instagram video. "My heart goes out to the entire Mountain View Middle School community, and particularly to the students," he said.

See on Instagram

"As a middle schooler, I never saw myself represented in the stories around me. I couldn’t find books that featured South Asian-American or LGBTQ+ characters. They didn’t exist," he continued. "And when I set out to write my own novels so many years later, I was still hard-pressed to find those stories. It’s why I wrote my books in the first place. Because representation matters. When I visit schools, my 'activism' is to let all young people know that they’re seen. To let them know that they matter."

He concluded, "To each of you: I see you. I appreciate you. You matter. No one can take that away from you."

Trudy Ring contributed reporting.

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brown v board of education

Brown v. Board of Education

Aug 14, 2014

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Brown v. Board of Education. Separate But Equal?. Jim Crow was the name of a black character in a minstrel show. The term was used to signify the laws and customs of segregation. Strategies to Segregate.

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Presentation Transcript

Brown v. Board of Education Separate But Equal?

Jim Crow was the name of a black character in a minstrel show. The term was used to signify the laws and customs of segregation.

Strategies to Segregate • Poll Taxes-After the Fifteenth Amendment was passed, many Southern states enacted poll tax laws. These required each voter to pay a tax to vote. There was a grandfather clause written in so that anyone whose ancestors had voted could vote for free. The poll tax was used against poor blacks as a means to prevent them from voting. • Literacy Tests-This refers to the practice of testing the literacy of citizens as a requirement of voting in Southern states. Citizens would be required to read a section of the Bible or any other book before being allowed to vote. A grandfather clause was written into this law too so that white citizens whom are unable to read could still vote.

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was a secret society created in 1865. Members rode around whipping, burning and lynching thousands of African Americans.

Homer Plessy sued the state of Louisiana for jailing him because he refused to sit in a railroad car reserved for blacks only. He lost his case. The Supreme Court established a “separate but equal” policy which would guide racial relations for sixty years. Plessy v Ferguson

“Separate but Equal”

Jim Crow Schools • Most schools had no desks or chairs. The books were often worn out and outdated (if there were books!). Many buildings were falling apart and were unsafe. Teachers were qualified, but only African Americans could teach black children. Teaching materials were poor or nonexistent.

Separate but Equal???

White children from the Summerton area attended this red brick building with a separate lunchroom and science laboratories. 61 “colored” schools were also located in Summerton. Most held one or two classrooms.

Schools lacked electricity, running water and bathrooms. Heat was a luxury many schools did not have.

TOPEKA, KANSAS 8 year old Linda Brown and her two sisters had to walk six blocks to get to school. They had to cross busy railroad tracks and wait for a rickety old bus to take them to school even though there was a new neighborhood school closer to her home.

In 1953 there were 21 states with segregated schools. In Virginia black students protested overcrowded conditions. In South Carolina parents sued the schools for equal funding for white and black students. Two cases from Delaware and Washington DC also found their way to the US Supreme Court. The cases were all joined together under the name Brown v. Board of Education

The NAACP decided to challenge school segregation and Thurgood Marshall was selected as the lawyer to lead the cause.

Children were asked to color one of the figures to look “like yourself” and the other “how you would like little children to be.” Fifty-two percent colored the other child white or an irrelevant color. Testing documents

SUPREME COURT ARGUMENTS • The Segregationists’ Arguments • The Constitution did not require white and African American children to attend the same schools. • Social separation of blacks and whites was a regional custom; the states should be left free to regulate their own social affairs. • 3. Segregation was not harmful to black people. • Whites were making a good faith effort to equalize the two • educational systems. But because black children were still living with the effects of slavery, it would take some time before they were able to compete with white children in the same classroom.

SUPREME COURT ARGUMENTS The Integrationists’ Arguments • In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court had misinterpreted the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Equal protection of the laws did not allow for racial segregation. • The Fourteenth Amendment allowed the government to prohibit any discriminatory state action based on race, including segregation in public schools. • The Fourteenth Amendment did not specify whether the states would be allowed to establish segregated education. • Psychological testing demonstrated the harmful effects of segregation on the minds of African American children.

THE LANDMARK DECISION • Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group...Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. —Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court

Reaction to the Decision Southerners President Eisenhower Failed to take a solid moral stance in the case Refused to say segregation was morally wrong “All they are concerned about is to see that their sweet little girls are not required to sit in school alongside some big overgrown Negroes”- in conversation with Chief Justice Earl Warren • Calling it “Black Monday”, they swore to reject it. • A Southern Manifesto was written condemning the decision. “We regard the decision of the Supreme Court in the school cases as a clear abuse of judicial power.”

Brown II- May 31, 1955 • A cautious approach to implementing desegregation was decided upon by the court • Brown II asked southerners to draw up desegregation plans “with all deliberate speed”, which meant no speed at all to those resisting • By 1960, fewer than 1% of the South’s black students went to integrated schools (would take 7000 years at that rate!)

Little Rock Nine Little Rock had integrated buses, parks, libraries etc. Nine black students were selected to attend Little Rock Central High School Gov. Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard- not to protect the students, but to keep them from entering the building

“2-4-6-8, we ain’tgonna integrate” “Mob rule cannot be allowed to override the decisions of our courts”- Eisenhower

Ruby Bridges- New Orleans 1960

James MeredithUniversity of Mississippi 1962

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Putin rounds up illegal migrants to send to the frontline in Ukraine as Vladimir exploits Moscow massacre anti-migrant backlash to find more cannon fodder

  • Vladimir Putin yesterday spoke on bringing 'sphere of migration under control'
  • Follows multiple arrests of Tajik nationals over Crocus Concert Hall terror attack 

By James Reynolds

Published: 11:48 EDT, 27 March 2024 | Updated: 21:50 EDT, 27 March 2024

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Vladimir Putin is rounding up illegal migrants in Russia  to fuel his bloody invasion of Ukraine, just days after four Tajik nationals were charged over the Crocus terror attack in Moscow, with migrant groups left fearing bloody retaliation.

Paddy wagons sporting the National Guard insignia arrived at a vast online shopping warehouse in Elektrostal, Moscow today, where thousands of migrant workers were reportedly forced to show their documents.

Checks were carried out by armed and masked Russian guards and military enlistment officers, before at least 40 people were hauled away from the Wildberries warehouse.

More operations in kind are said to be planned, as Putin seeks more cannon fodder for his ongoing war in Ukraine.

It comes just days after the Crocus City Hall atrocity, which led to the deaths of at least 140 people after gunmen stormed a packed concert venue in the capital and indiscriminately targeted civilians before setting the building on fire.

A number of men from Tajikistan have since been detained in connection to the attacks, which have been claimed by jihadist group Islamic State. 

Friday's horror attack has been linked to a rise in tensions, with the BBC today reporting an increase in beatings and racism aimed at Central Asian migrants - and the embassy of Tajikistan in Russia warning citizens not to leave their homes unless necessary. 

Vehicles emblazoned with Rosgvardiya (Rosguard, the National Police) were seen outside the warehouse in Moscow as officials rounded up illegal migrants, some destined for Ukraine

Vehicles emblazoned with Rosgvardiya (Rosguard, the National Police) were seen outside the warehouse in Moscow as officials rounded up illegal migrants, some destined for Ukraine

Critics fear the atrocity in Moscow last week is already leading to discriminatory behaviour towards migrants living in Russia

Critics fear the atrocity in Moscow last week is already leading to discriminatory behaviour towards migrants living in Russia

Some of the migrants detained today will reportedly face the choice of jail or expulsion - or fighting in Ukraine for Russia.

Migrants who have been granted Russian citizenship also express fears they may be called up.

'They check who is on the side of the military, and who is evading,' one said. 'Those who evade can be taken away against their will.'

'Whoever resists is beaten with sticks by the riot police,' said another worker.

A further 38 employees of the warehouse will undergo additional checks with law enforcement to 'clarify' information gathered already, the Wildberries company told state-owned news agency RIA.

It came a day after Putin spoke on the urgency of bringing the 'migration sphere ... under control' at a meeting with the board of the Prosecutor General's Office, RIA noted.

Putin reportedly ordered that measures be handled 'professionally and competently' to 'facilitate the adoption of legal, informed and fair decisions'.

Still, critics fear the atrocity in Moscow last week is already leading to discriminatory behaviour towards migrants living in Russia.

In Novgorod region, it has been prohibited to hire foreign workers in the transport sector.

State Duma deputy Dmitry Gusev has also called for a complete 'audit' of all labour migrants living in the country - as well as those who have recently received Russian citizenship.

In Moscow, a 29-year-old woman from Yakutia was surrounded by a hostile mob on the metro and subjected to vile racist abuse. 

'Get the **** out of here,' she was told - even though she is a Russian citizen.

'Russia for Russians, Moscow for Muscovites!

'Africa for blacks, cesspit for Caucasians! Hail Tesak!'

Russian President Vladimir Putin grimaces during an annual expanded Prosecutor General's Office meeting, March 26,2024, in Moscow, Russia

Russian President Vladimir Putin grimaces during an annual expanded Prosecutor General's Office meeting, March 26,2024, in Moscow, Russia

Checks were carried out by armed and masked Russian guards and military enlistment officers, before at least 40 people were hauled away from the Wildberries warehouse

Checks were carried out by armed and masked Russian guards and military enlistment officers, before at least 40 people were hauled away from the Wildberries warehouse

Critics fear the atrocity in Moscow last week is already leading to discriminatory behaviour towards migrants living in Russia

The group reportedly ally with neo-Nazi Maxim Martsinkevich, nicknamed Tesak, meaning Machete, who died from 'asphyxia' in a Russian jail in 2020.

The scared woman said: 'It was 6.30 pm. I was waiting for the train… Very young guys…came up to me.

Putin says Moscow concert gunman were 'radical Islamists' but refuses to say they were from ISIS - as he insists the terrorists had been trying to 'flee to Ukraine'  

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'One of them, the most active one, took a metal bat out of his jacket and showed me.

'They surrounded me and began to humiliate me… They called me names from the platform based on my nationality and appearance.'

She said no-one came to her aid.

Two of those threatening her were detained today and face questioning.

On Telegram, migrants from Tajikistan have shared messages expressing fears the community in Russia will suffer for the Crocus attack, as reported by the BBC.

Sharing their concern over retributive attacks, one said: 'Please, God, let [the attackers] be Ukrainian instead.'

Russia's Federal Security Service, or the FSB, said it had arrested 11 people the day after the attack, including four suspected gunmen.

Moscow's Basmanny District Court identified the four suspects behind the attack as Dalerdzhon Mirzoyev, 32; Saidakrami Rachabalizoda, 30; Shamsidin Fariduni, 25; and Mukhammadsobir Faizov, 19. 

The four men, identified as Tajik nationals, appeared in a Moscow court on Sunday on terrorism charges and showed signs of severe beatings.

One appeared to be barely conscious during the hearing.

The men were charged with committing a group terrorist attack resulting in the death of others. The offence carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.

They were all ordered to be held in pre-trial custody until May 22.

Mirzoyev and Rachabalizoda admitted guilt after being charged, according to AP, citing court officials.

A view of the burned Crocus City Hall concert venue following a terrorist attack, March 25

A view of the burned Crocus City Hall concert venue following a terrorist attack, March 25

So far, 140 people have died and the death toll is expected to rise

So far, 140 people have died and the death toll is expected to rise

Saidakrami Rachabalizoda

The terrorists who carried out the attack have all been detained and charged with terrorism

Shamsidin Fariduni

All four of them have been beaten and tortured by Russian security forces

While Islamic State has claimed responsibility for the attack, President Vladimir Putin has said the four men were arrested while trying to flee to Ukraine.

Kyiv denies any connection to the attack.

READ MORE:  Blundering Belarus dictator Lukashenko destroys Putin's evidence that Zelensky was behind ISIS attack by revealing the terrorists first tried to flee to HIS country, not Ukraine 

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Putin has made no reference to ISIS' claims.

US intelligence also said after the attack it had information confirming ISIS was responsible for the attack.

Yesterday, head of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) Alexander Bortnikov bizarrely pinned blame on the United States, Britain and Ukraine.

Speaking after the meeting with the board of the Prosecutor General's Office, he was asked whether the US, Britain and Ukraine were behind the terrorist attack, according to Russian news agency TASS .

'We believe that this is true. In any case, we are now talking about the factual information we have. This is general information, but they have a long record of this sort.'

'What is [Ukraine] expected to do to demonstrate its capability? It is expected to carry out sabotage and terrorist acts in the rear,' he continued.

'This is what both the chiefs of Ukraine's special services and the British special services are aiming at. US special services have repeatedly mentioned this, too.'

The Crocus Concert Hall was attacked by armed gunmen on March 22, when terrorists opened fire on civilians and set the auditorium on fire in Russia's deadliest attack in 20 years.

According to the latest data, 140 people have been confirmed dead as a result of the attack, the most recent dying in hospital today.

A total of 80 people injured in the attack remain hospitalized, the official added, and 205 others have sought outpatient medical assistance.

The Moscow Times reported today as many as 360 had been injured in the attack.

Three days before the attack, Putin denounced the U.S. Embassy's March 7 notice urging Americans to avoid crowds in Moscow , including concerts, calling it an attempt to frighten Russians and 'blackmail' the Kremlin ahead of the presidential election.

After Britain echoed the notice, Kremlin mouthpieces accused both of 'complicity' if terrorists did hit Moscow.

A view shows the burning Crocus City Hall concert hall following the shooting incident in Krasnogorsk, outside Moscow, on March 22, 2024

A view shows the burning Crocus City Hall concert hall following the shooting incident in Krasnogorsk, outside Moscow, on March 22, 2024

.

ISIS' news agency Amaq released sickening a 90-second selfie video of the attack that is too graphic for MailOnline to share

The news of a terror warning on March 7 came only hours after the FSB claimed to have thwarted an ISIS plot to slaughter Jews in a Moscow synagogue.

It was unclear whether the events are linked.

According to the FSB, a large cache of weapons and bomb parts were found during a raid on an Islamic State cell in Kaluga, southwest of the capital.

Russian state media reported militants had been gearing up to shoot Jewish worshippers at a synagogue in the capital before security officials stormed the premises and gunned them down.

'While being arrested, the terrorists put up armed resistance to the Russian FSB officers, and as a result were neutralised by return fire,' the Russian state-owned TASS news agency quoted the security service as saying in a statement.

  • Moscow attack: Central Asian migrants hit by backlash in Russia - BBC News
  • www.gazeta.ru/au...
  • Number of Wounded in Crocus City Hall Attack Rises to 360 - The Moscow Times
  • tass.com/emergen...

Share or comment on this article: Putin rounds up illegal migrants to send to the frontline in Ukraine as Vladimir exploits Moscow massacre anti-migrant backlash to find more cannon fodder

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Marietta Police investigating body found on banks of Muskingum River

MARIETTA, Ohio (WTAP) -Marietta Police are investigating after a body was found in the Muskingum River on Tuesday.

This was off Gilman Avenue around 5:45 p.m. Police say the coach of the Marietta row team spotted a man’s body on the banks of the river. The body had been there for a few days, according to police.

Police say all they know right now is that he was middle-aged and that he may have slipped on the bank of the river. The body is being taken to the Montgomery County coroner for identification.

Marietta Police want you to call them if you know anyone who fits that description that has gone missing.

Their number is 740-376-2007.

Copyright 2024 WTAP. All rights reserved.

Benjamin Andrew Berry Obit

Obituary: Berry, Benjamin Andrew

Belpre Police Department says there are signs up showing detours.

Road closed at 1700 block of Washington Blvd.

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Parkersburg asphalt paving project begins on Wednesday

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Obituary: Smith, Edra Mae Law

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Board of Education receives presentation on Lubeck elementary school

Single dad of student with special needs sued for $600,000 by a Virginia school board

by BRITTANY SLAUGHTER | WSET

Single dad of special needs student sued for $600,000 by Bedford County School Board. (WSET)

BEDFORD COUNTY, Va. (WSET) — A single dad is fighting for his son, a sophomore with special needs, at a high school in Bedford County, Virginia.

"I just kept noticing things that continued to show falling behind, falling behind and QRI testing just kept showing that he's falling further and further behind," parent David Rife said. "Every time there's been an issue they've just come after me and never helped him."

Rife said his son's reading level is five years behind. His lawyer told ABC13 that help for Rife's son is legally required.

"His son is supposed to get certain services provided. It's required by the IEP which is mandated by federal law, state law, it's things that school systems have to do and they have refused to do it," Lawyer David Whitehurst said.

Rife said he has spoken with Staunton River High School officials and teachers numerous times over the issue with no improvement.

"He has advocated and keeps advocating and pointing out, and the response has just been to be upset with him for the way he's advocated and at this point basically just trying to silence him," Whitehurst said.

Rife took his concerns to the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE). In March, the VDOE found Bedford County Schools is non-compliant on the IEP issue.

But now Rife said he has been slapped back with a $600,000 civil lawsuit in Bedford County Circuit Court for how he has expressed his frustrations.

In the lawsuit, the Bedford County School Board alleges Rife used, "obscene, vulgar, profane, lewd, lascivious, and or indecent language when communicating."

"I've advocated passionately for my son, but who wouldn't?" Rife said. "When you do speak up and you go and try to get help because they won't help you, they come after everything you've got, and we have nothing."

Rife was put on a communication plan that limits his contact with school officials to two individuals and only through email. ABC13 reached out to the school district, but they said they are unable to comment on a pending lawsuit.

News from non-English countries

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"They fell to the ground with screams": Russian Guards fired at children single near Moscow - there is a casualty

2023-08-20T20:58:57.477Z

Highlights: In Russia, in the city of Elektrostal (Moscow region), during demonstrations, Rosgvardia soldiers began shooting at spectators with children from machine guns with blank cartridges. One child received serious damage from a rebounded cartridge case. In the video, a child can be heard crying and screaming violently. It is also interesting that Russia recently arranged a solemn farewell to Vladimir Shestakov, convicted for the murder of a child, who became a mercenary of PMC "Wagner" and was liquidated in the war in Ukraine.

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In Russia, in the city of Elektrostal (Moscow region), during demonstrations, Rosgvardia soldiers began shooting at spectators with children from machine guns with blank cartridges.

So far, one injured child is known.

This was reported by the local Telegram channel of the Cheka-OGPU.

"Small children were clutching their heads screaming and falling to the ground. Not without injuries. The child received serious damage from a rebounded cartridge case," the report said.

One of the witnesses to the incident posted a video. It was her child who was shot by the Russian Guards. In the video, a child can be heard crying and screaming violently.

After the woman realized that her child had been wounded, she called her husband and doctor.

Meanwhile, Russian occupier Ivan Alekseev in the war in Ukraine after a drunken quarrel killed his colleague and tried to cover up the crime, saying it was the work of "Ukrainian saboteurs."

It is also interesting that Russia recently arranged a solemn farewell to Vladimir Shestakov, convicted for the murder of a child, who became a mercenary of PMC "Wagner" and was liquidated in the war in Ukraine.

  • The suspect in the murder of a military volunteer was released from custody
  • They will teach "patriotism": Russians in the occupied territories launch cadet classes
  • Russia has created another training ground near Mariupol: how many soldiers are in the city

Source: tsn

All news articles on 2023-08-20

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    In 1938, it was granted town status. [citation needed]Administrative and municipal status. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Elektrostal City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Elektrostal City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Elektrostal Urban Okrug.

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  26. Single dad of student with special needs sued for $600,000 by a

    Rife took his concerns to the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE). In March, the VDOE found Bedford County Schools is non-compliant on the IEP issue. But now Rife said he has been slapped back with a $600,000 civil lawsuit in Bedford County Circuit Court for how he has expressed his frustrations. In the lawsuit, the Bedford County School ...

  27. "They fell to the ground with screams": Russian Guards fired at

    In Russia, in the city of Elektrostal (Moscow region), during demonstrations, Rosgvardia soldiers began shooting at spectators with children from machine guns with blank cartridges. One child received serious damage from a rebounded cartridge case. In the video, a child can be heard crying and screaming violently. It is also interesting that Russia recently arranged a solemn farewell to ...