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Creative Problem Solving: An Introduction 4th Edition

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Creative Problem Solving is a process that allows people to apply both creative and critical thinking to find solutions to everyday problems. Creative Problem Solving eliminates the tendency to approach problems in a haphazard manner and, consequently, prevents surprises and/or disappointment with the solution. Used by thousands of group leaders seeking a friendly introduction to using Creative Problem Solving, this book is a time-honored classic. Creative Problem Solving: An Introduction is based on more than five decades of extensive research, development, and field experience in educational settings, businesses, and many other organizations. Written for both group leaders and individuals seeking a systematic way to build innovative and effective solutions, Creative Problem Solving is perfect for any type of setting. This definitive guide shows you how to find successful solutions to important challenges. Creative Problem Solving (CPS) can help your students to approach problems and deal with change in a deliberate and constructive way, building their confidence and success in working with complex issues. This revised and updated fourth edition includes:

• easy-to-follow instructions for using Creative Problem Solving;
• practical tools for understanding the challenge, generating ideas, and preparing for action;
• expanded guidelines for planning your approach to Creative Problem Solving;
• strategies that ensure successful group dynamics;
• the latest trends in creative thinking and group problem solving; and
• practical suggestions for those new to Creative Problem Solving.

Educational Resource

• ISBN-10 1593631871
• ISBN-13 978-1593631871
• Edition 4th
• Publisher Routledge
• Publication date January 1, 2006
• Language English
• Dimensions 8.46 x 0.26 x 10.92 inches
• Print length 102 pages
• See all details

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About the author.

Donald J. Treffinger, Ph.D., was the president of the Center for Creative Learning in Sarasota, FL. He earned a master's degree and a doctoral degree in educational psychology from Cornell University. Treffinger previously has been a member of the faculty at Purdue University, the University of Kansas, and Buffalo State College. He now is a member of the Gifted Child Quarterly Advisory Board and has served as editor of that journal and as editor-in-chief of Parenting for High Potential , NAGC's quarterly magazine for parents. Treffinger is the author of more than 350 articles, chapters, and books. He has written and conducted research on the nature, assessment, and nurture of creativity and Creative Problem Solving, as well as problem-solving styles, gifted education, and talent development. He has given presentations and workshops worldwide, and served as a consultant to numerous local, state, national, and international organizations. He has received the Distinguished Service Award and the E. Paul Torrance Creativity Award from the National Association for Gifted Children, the Creativity Research Award from the World Council on the Gifted and Talented, and the Risorgimenti Creativity Award from the Destination ImagiNation program.

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Routledge; 4th edition (January 1, 2006)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 102 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1593631871
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1593631871
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 6.7 ounces
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 8.46 x 0.26 x 10.92 inches
• #1,986 in Medical Cognitive Psychology
• #3,056 in Decision-Making & Problem Solving
• #3,099 in Cognitive Psychology (Books)

About the author

Donald j. treffinger.

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Article • 10 min read

Creative Problem Solving

Finding innovative solutions to challenges.

By the Mind Tools Content Team

Imagine that you're vacuuming your house in a hurry because you've got friends coming over. Frustratingly, you're working hard but you're not getting very far. You kneel down, open up the vacuum cleaner, and pull out the bag. In a cloud of dust, you realize that it's full... again. Coughing, you empty it and wonder why vacuum cleaners with bags still exist!

James Dyson, inventor and founder of Dyson® vacuum cleaners, had exactly the same problem, and he used creative problem solving to find the answer. While many companies focused on developing a better vacuum cleaner filter, he realized that he had to think differently and find a more creative solution. So, he devised a revolutionary way to separate the dirt from the air, and invented the world's first bagless vacuum cleaner. [1]

Creative problem solving (CPS) is a way of solving problems or identifying opportunities when conventional thinking has failed. It encourages you to find fresh perspectives and come up with innovative solutions, so that you can formulate a plan to overcome obstacles and reach your goals.

In this article, we'll explore what CPS is, and we'll look at its key principles. We'll also provide a model that you can use to generate creative solutions.

About Creative Problem Solving

Alex Osborn, founder of the Creative Education Foundation, first developed creative problem solving in the 1940s, along with the term "brainstorming." And, together with Sid Parnes, he developed the Osborn-Parnes Creative Problem Solving Process. Despite its age, this model remains a valuable approach to problem solving. [2]

The early Osborn-Parnes model inspired a number of other tools. One of these is the 2011 CPS Learner's Model, also from the Creative Education Foundation, developed by Dr Gerard J. Puccio, Marie Mance, and co-workers. In this article, we'll use this modern four-step model to explore how you can use CPS to generate innovative, effective solutions.

Why Use Creative Problem Solving?

Dealing with obstacles and challenges is a regular part of working life, and overcoming them isn't always easy. To improve your products, services, communications, and interpersonal skills, and for you and your organization to excel, you need to encourage creative thinking and find innovative solutions that work.

CPS asks you to separate your "divergent" and "convergent" thinking as a way to do this. Divergent thinking is the process of generating lots of potential solutions and possibilities, otherwise known as brainstorming. And convergent thinking involves evaluating those options and choosing the most promising one. Often, we use a combination of the two to develop new ideas or solutions. However, using them simultaneously can result in unbalanced or biased decisions, and can stifle idea generation.

For more on divergent and convergent thinking, and for a useful diagram, see the book "Facilitator's Guide to Participatory Decision-Making." [3]

Core Principles of Creative Problem Solving

CPS has four core principles. Let's explore each one in more detail:

• Divergent and convergent thinking must be balanced. The key to creativity is learning how to identify and balance divergent and convergent thinking (done separately), and knowing when to practice each one.
• Ask problems as questions. When you rephrase problems and challenges as open-ended questions with multiple possibilities, it's easier to come up with solutions. Asking these types of questions generates lots of rich information, while asking closed questions tends to elicit short answers, such as confirmations or disagreements. Problem statements tend to generate limited responses, or none at all.
• Defer or suspend judgment. As Alex Osborn learned from his work on brainstorming, judging solutions early on tends to shut down idea generation. Instead, there's an appropriate and necessary time to judge ideas during the convergence stage.
• Focus on "Yes, and," rather than "No, but." Language matters when you're generating information and ideas. "Yes, and" encourages people to expand their thoughts, which is necessary during certain stages of CPS. Using the word "but" – preceded by "yes" or "no" – ends conversation, and often negates what's come before it.

How to Use the Tool

Let's explore how you can use each of the four steps of the CPS Learner's Model (shown in figure 1, below) to generate innovative ideas and solutions.

Figure 1 – CPS Learner's Model

Explore the Vision

Identify your goal, desire or challenge. This is a crucial first step because it's easy to assume, incorrectly, that you know what the problem is. However, you may have missed something or have failed to understand the issue fully, and defining your objective can provide clarity. Read our article, 5 Whys , for more on getting to the root of a problem quickly.

Gather Data

Once you've identified and understood the problem, you can collect information about it and develop a clear understanding of it. Make a note of details such as who and what is involved, all the relevant facts, and everyone's feelings and opinions.

Formulate Questions

When you've increased your awareness of the challenge or problem you've identified, ask questions that will generate solutions. Think about the obstacles you might face and the opportunities they could present.

Explore Ideas

Generate ideas that answer the challenge questions you identified in step 1. It can be tempting to consider solutions that you've tried before, as our minds tend to return to habitual thinking patterns that stop us from producing new ideas. However, this is a chance to use your creativity .

Brainstorming and Mind Maps are great ways to explore ideas during this divergent stage of CPS. And our articles, Encouraging Team Creativity , Problem Solving , Rolestorming , Hurson's Productive Thinking Model , and The Four-Step Innovation Process , can also help boost your creativity.

See our Brainstorming resources within our Creativity section for more on this.

Formulate Solutions

This is the convergent stage of CPS, where you begin to focus on evaluating all of your possible options and come up with solutions. Analyze whether potential solutions meet your needs and criteria, and decide whether you can implement them successfully. Next, consider how you can strengthen them and determine which ones are the best "fit." Our articles, Critical Thinking and ORAPAPA , are useful here.

4. Implement

Formulate a plan.

Once you've chosen the best solution, it's time to develop a plan of action. Start by identifying resources and actions that will allow you to implement your chosen solution. Next, communicate your plan and make sure that everyone involved understands and accepts it.

There have been many adaptations of CPS since its inception, because nobody owns the idea.

For example, Scott Isaksen and Donald Treffinger formed The Creative Problem Solving Group Inc . and the Center for Creative Learning , and their model has evolved over many versions. Blair Miller, Jonathan Vehar and Roger L. Firestien also created their own version, and Dr Gerard J. Puccio, Mary C. Murdock, and Marie Mance developed CPS: The Thinking Skills Model. [4] Tim Hurson created The Productive Thinking Model , and Paul Reali developed CPS: Competencies Model. [5]

Sid Parnes continued to adapt the CPS model by adding concepts such as imagery and visualization , and he founded the Creative Studies Project to teach CPS. For more information on the evolution and development of the CPS process, see Creative Problem Solving Version 6.1 by Donald J. Treffinger, Scott G. Isaksen, and K. Brian Dorval. [6]

Creative Problem Solving (CPS) Infographic

See our infographic on Creative Problem Solving .

Creative problem solving (CPS) is a way of using your creativity to develop new ideas and solutions to problems. The process is based on separating divergent and convergent thinking styles, so that you can focus your mind on creating at the first stage, and then evaluating at the second stage.

There have been many adaptations of the original Osborn-Parnes model, but they all involve a clear structure of identifying the problem, generating new ideas, evaluating the options, and then formulating a plan for successful implementation.

[1] Entrepreneur (2012). James Dyson on Using Failure to Drive Success [online]. Available here . [Accessed May 27, 2022.]

[2] Creative Education Foundation (2015). The CPS Process [online]. Available here . [Accessed May 26, 2022.]

[3] Kaner, S. et al. (2014). 'Facilitator′s Guide to Participatory Decision–Making,' San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

[4] Puccio, G., Mance, M., and Murdock, M. (2011). 'Creative Leadership: Skils That Drive Change' (2nd Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

[5] OmniSkills (2013). Creative Problem Solving [online]. Available here . [Accessed May 26, 2022].

[6] Treffinger, G., Isaksen, S., and Dorval, B. (2010). Creative Problem Solving (CPS Version 6.1). Center for Creative Learning, Inc. & Creative Problem Solving Group, Inc. Available here .

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12 Best Problem Solving Books to Read in 2024

You found our list of top problem solving books .

Problem solving books are guides that improve critical thinking capability and the ability to resolve issues in the workplace. These works cover topics like bias and logical fallacies, problem prevention, and prioritizing. The purpose of these books is to help workers remain calm under pressure and come up with solutions more quickly.

These guides are similar to decision making books , negotiation books , and conflict resolution books . To improve competency in this area, one can also play problem solving games .

This list includes:

• problem solving books for adults
• creative problem solving books
• business problem solving books
• problem solving books for programmers

Here we go!

List of problem solving books

Here is a list of books to improve problem solving skills in the workplace.

1. Fixed: How to Perfect the Fine Art of Problem Solving by Amy E Herman

Fixed is one of the most useful new books on problem solving. The book calls for problem solvers to look beyond instinctual and obvious answers and provides a framework for more creative thinking. While most folks think about problem solving in terms of logic, reason, and disciplines like math and science, this book shows the role that art and imagination play in the process. Amy Herman consulted on leadership training with Silicon Valley companies and military organizations and brings this expertise into the text to train readers on how to adopt a more innovative critical thinking approach.

Notable Quote: “Working through problems is critical for productivity, profit, and peace. Our problem-solving skills, however, have been short-circuited by our complicated, technology-reliant world.”

Read Fixed .

2. Cracked it!: How to solve big problems and sell solutions like top strategy consultants by Bernard Garrette, Corey Phelps, and Olivier Sibony

Cracked it! is one of the best creative problem solving books. Drawing inspiration from the tactics of consultants, this guide is a practical playbook for approaching business problems. The authors outline a “4S” method– State – Structure – Solve – Sell– to tackle obstacles and get support from stakeholders. While many problem solving books simply focus on how to think through issues, this guide also demonstrates how to gain approval for ideas and get others onboard with the solution. The book explains how to best use these techniques, and presents case studies that show the theories in action. Cracked it! is a handy reference for any professional that faces tough challenges on the regular.

Notable Quote: “If you want to know how a lion hunts, don’t go to a zoo. Go to the jungle.”

Read Cracked it!

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3. Upstream: The Quest to Solve Problems Before They Happen by Dan Heath

Upstream takes a proactive approach to problem solving. The book urges readers to not only be responsive to issues, but also try to prevent obstacles from occurring. The guide opens with an exploration of “problem blindness,” and the psychological factors that cause folks to be oblivious to issues, along with a reminder that many problems are more controllable and avoidable than first assumed. The pages that follow outline a series of questions leaders can ask to fine-tune the system and steer clear of major headaches, for instance, “How Will You Unite the Right People?” and “How Will You Avoid Doing Harm?” Upstream is full of real world examples of how minor tweaks achieved major results and allowed organizations to sidestep serious holdups.

Notable Quote: “The postmortem for a problem can be the preamble to a solution.”

Read Upstream .

4. Problem Solving 101: A Simple Book for Smart People by Ken Watanabe

Problem Solving 101 is one of the most fun problem solving books for adults. Written by Ken Watanabe, the guide draws on Japanese philosophy as well as the author’s experience as a consultant at McKinsey to help readers understand and approach problems in productive ways. The pages provide blueprints for problem-solving methods such as logic trees and matrixes, and include scenarios and illustrations that help readers visualize the process more clearly. Problem Solving 101 breaks down the problem solving procedure into the most basic parts and lays out step-by-step instructions for choosing the best action in any situation.

Notable Quote: “When you do take action, every result is an opportunity to reflect and learn valuable lessons. Even if what you take away from your assessment seems to be of small consequence, all of these small improvements taken together make a huge difference in the long term.”

Read Problem Solving 101 .

5. What’s Your Problem?: To Solve Your Toughest Problems, Change the Problems You Solve by Thomas Wedell-Wedellsborg

What’s Your Problem? insists that the most important step in the problem solving process is to start by honing in on the correct problem. The root of much frustration and wasted efforts is that professionals often pick the wrong points to focus on. This book teaches readers how to reframe and approach issues from a different perspective. The guide outlines a repeatable three step process “Frame, Reframe, and Move Forward” to ensure that workers prioritize effectively and stay on track to achieve desired results. What’s Your Problem? teaches professionals of all levels how to be less rigid and more results-focused and adopt a more agile approach to fixing issues.

Notable Quote: “The problems we’re trained on in school are often quite different from the ones we encounter in real life.”

Read What’s Your Problem?

6. Sprint: How to Solve Big Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days by Jake Knapp, John Zeratsky, et al

Sprint is one of the best problem solving books for programmers. The authors are the creators of the five-day-process at Google. This guide describes best practices for conducting sprints and solving problems in limited timeframes. The book provides a day-by-day breakdown of tasks for each day of the workweek, with the final steps being designing a prototype and a plan for implementation. Though this idea originated in the tech world and is most widely used in the software industry, this problem-solving and product design approach can be useful for any position that needs to find fixes in a time crunch.

Notable Quote: “We’ve found that magic happens when we use big whiteboards to solve problems. As humans, our short-term memory is not all that good, but our spatial memory is awesome. A sprint room, plastered with notes, diagrams, printouts, and more, takes advantage of that spatial memory. The room itself becomes a sort of shared brain for the team.”

Read Sprint , and check out this guide to virtual hackathons and this list of product design books .

7. Think Like a Rocket Scientist: Simple Strategies You Can Use to Make Giant Leaps in Work and Life by Ozan Varol

Think Like a Rocket Scientist lays out formulas and instructions for thinking more strategically. The guide reveals common problem solving approaches used by rocket scientists when exploring the unknown and testing new technology. The book is split into three sections– launch, accelerate, and achieve– with deep dives into concepts such as moonshot thinking and overcoming failure. The anecdotes revolve around space exploration and rocket science yet the methods can be applied to more commonplace and less complex problems as well. Think Like a Rocket Scientist proves that one does not need to be a genius to be a genius problem solver and lets readers learn tricks from one of the most complex professions on the planet.

Notable Quote: “Critical thinking and creativity don’t come naturally to us. We’re hesitant to think big, reluctant to dance with uncertainty, and afraid of failure. These were necessary during the Paleolithic Period, keeping us safe from poisonous foods and predators. But here in the information age, they’re bugs.”

Read Think Like a Rocket Scientist .

8. Bulletproof Problem Solving: The One Skill That Changes Everything by Charles Conn and Robert McLean

Bulletproof Problem Solving is one of the best business problem solving books. This workbook-style-guide breaks down a “bulletproof” method of problem solving favored by consultants at McKinsey. The authors distill the process into seven simple steps–define the problem, disaggregate, prioritize, workplan, analyze, synthesize, and communicate– and give numerous examples of how to follow this cycle with different dilemmas. The chapters explore each stage in depth and outline the importance and finer points of each phase. The book also provides practical tools for readers to build skills, including an appendix with exercise worksheets.

Notable Quote: “Problem solving doesn’t stop at the point of reaching conclusions from individual analyses. Findings have to be assembled into a logical structure to test validity and then synthesized in a way that convinces others that you have a good solution. Great team processes are also important at this stage.”

Read Bulletproof Problem Solving .

9. Think Like a Programmer: An Introduction to Creative Problem Solving by by V. Anton Spraul

Think Like a Programmer is one of the top problem solving books for programmers. The guide lays out methods for finding and fixing bugs and creating clean, workable code. The text emphasizes that programming is not merely a matter of being competent in the language, but also knowing how to troubleshoot and respond to unexpected occurrences. The chapters present examples of problems and puzzles and work through the answers to help strengthen professional competencies. The book provides an introductory crash course and practical toolkit for beginning coders, with a focus on C++. Yet since the text outlines general theory and approach, the book is also helpful for dealing with other programming languages, or for solving problems in non-tech industries as well. The point of the text is to provide a proper mindset and attitude for reacting to these developments, and the book can be a benefit for folks in any field.

Notable Quote: “Don’t Get Frustrated The final technique isn’t so much a technique, but a maxim: Don’t get frustrated. When you are frustrated, you won’t think as clearly, you won’t work as efficiently, and everything will take longer and seem harder. Even worse, frustration tends to feed on itself, so that what begins as mild irritation ends as outright anger.”

Read Think Like a Programmer .

10. The Founder’s Dilemmas: Anticipating and Avoiding the Pitfalls That Can Sink a Startup by by Noam Wasserman

The Founder’s Dilemmas lays out the most common problems entrepreneurs face and gives advice on how to avoid or solve these issues. The book tackles topics such as managing relationships, hiring, and rewarding or correcting employees. The chapters outline the mistakes inexperienced leaders often make and offer strategies for handling these tough situations with more smarts and skill. By reading this book, founders can learn from predecessors and avoid making obvious and avoidable errors in judgment. The Founder’s Dilemmas is a problem-solving resource for startup leaders and team members who lack more traditional guidance.

Notable Quote: “Ideas are cheap; execution is dear.”

Read The Founder’s Dilemmas , and check out more entrepreneurial books .

11. The Scout Mindset: Why Some People See Things Clearly and Others Don’t by Julia Galef

The Scout Mindset challenges readers to move beyond gut reactions and preconceptions and rethink problems. The book offers instructions for overcoming bias and central beliefs to gather more objective data. Julia Galef encourages readers to act more like scouts than soldiers and gather information without judging to make more informed decisions. The text outlines the common reasons folks jump to conclusions and offers advice on how to avoid incorrect assumptions and conduct level-headed analyses. The Scout Mindset is a call to action for objectivity and an instruction manual for breaking away from unhelpful mental patterns that can lead to poor choices.

Notable Quote: “Discovering you were wrong is an update, not a failure, and your worldview is a living document meant to be revised.”

Read The Scout Mindset .

12. Super Thinking: The Big Book of Mental Models by Gabriel Weinberg and Lauren McCann

Super Thinking is a comprehensive resource that explains various mental models for problem solving. The book identifies logical fallacies and shows readers how to avoid these pitfalls. The pages also lay out appropriate strategies, tools, techniques to use in different situations, such as matrices, pointed questions, and philosophies. The point of the guide is to teach readers how to evaluate information and make quick yet accurate judgements. The guide helps readers decide the best approach to use for each circumstance. Though packed with information, the pages also contain images and humor that prevent the material from getting too dry. Super Thinking is the ultimate cheat sheet for thinking rationally and acting with intention.

Notable Quote: “Unfortunately, people often make the mistake of doing way too much work before testing assumptions in the real world.”

Read Super Thinking .

Final Thoughts

Problem solving is one of the most essential skills for modern industry. With the breakneck pace at which the current business world changes, there is no shortage of new developments that professionals must contend with on a daily basis. Operating the same way for years at a time is impossible, and it is almost guaranteed that workers at every level will have issues to unravel at some point in their careers.

Books about problem solving help professionals predict, prevent, and overcome issues and find more viable and sustainable solutions. These guides not only provide skills, but also methods for survival in a highly competitive business landscape. These texts show workers that they are more capable than may first appear and that sometimes, seemingly insurmountable obstacles are beatable with a combination of creativity, teamwork, and proper process.

For more ways to beat the odds, check out this list of books on innovation and this list of books on business strategy .

We also have a list of the best communication books .

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FAQ: Problem solving books

Here are answers to common questions about problem solving books.

What are problem solving books?

Problem solving books are guides that teach critical thinking skills and strategies for resolving issues. The purpose of these works is to help professionals be more creative and strategic in problem solving approaches.

72 Best Problem Solving Books

Looking for effective problem-solving books? Discover expert tips, strategies, and insights to tackle challenges head-on and find innovative solutions.

by Peter Hollins

What is Polymath about?

"Polymath" by Peter Hollins is a comprehensive guide that empowers readers to become extraordinary self-learners. Through practical strategies and insightful advice, the book explores the art of mastering multiple disciplines, acquiring new skills, and developing flexible thinking. Hollins provides a roadmap for becoming an autodidact, offering valuable tools and techniques to enhance learning, expand knowledge, and unlock one's full potential in any field.

Who should read Polymath

Students seeking to excel academically and develop a versatile skillset.

Professionals looking to enhance their career prospects and adapt to changing industries.

Individuals interested in personal growth and expanding their intellectual horizons.

Never Split the Difference

by Chris Voss, Tahl Raz

What is Never Split the Difference about?

In this gripping and insightful book, a former FBI hostage negotiator shares his expertise on negotiation strategies that can be applied to everyday life. Drawing from his intense experiences, the author reveals powerful techniques to effectively communicate, build trust, and influence others. Packed with real-life examples and practical advice, this book is a must-read for anyone looking to master the art of negotiation and achieve better outcomes in both personal and professional situations.

Who should read Never Split the Difference

Business professionals seeking to enhance their negotiation skills.

Law enforcement personnel looking to improve their crisis negotiation tactics.

Individuals interested in mastering effective communication and persuasion techniques.

by Randall Munroe

What is How To about?

In this witty and informative book, the author, known for his popular webcomic, offers hilariously unconventional solutions to everyday problems using absurd scientific advice. From how to throw a pool party on the moon to how to build a lava moat around your house, Munroe's unique blend of humor and scientific knowledge will entertain and educate readers, proving that sometimes the most outlandish ideas can lead to surprisingly practical solutions.

Who should read How To

Science enthusiasts seeking unconventional solutions to everyday challenges.

Problem solvers looking for humorous and out-of-the-box scientific advice.

Fans of Randall Munroe's witty and informative writing style.

Doesn’t Hurt to Ask

by Trey Gowdy

What is Doesn’t Hurt to Ask about?

In this insightful book, the author explores the art of effective communication through the power of asking questions. Drawing from his experience as a former prosecutor and congressman, Gowdy shares practical strategies and real-life examples to demonstrate how asking the right questions can foster meaningful connections, influence others, and navigate complex situations. Whether in personal relationships or professional settings, this book offers valuable insights on the transformative impact of asking the right questions.

Who should read Doesn’t Hurt to Ask

Professionals seeking to enhance their communication and persuasion skills.

Individuals interested in improving their ability to connect with others.

Anyone looking to master the art of asking effective questions.

What If? Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions

What is what if serious scientific answers to absurd hypothetical questions about.

In this thought-provoking and entertaining book, the author, known for his webcomic, xkcd, tackles absurd hypothetical questions with serious scientific answers. From exploring the consequences of throwing a baseball at near-light speed to pondering the effects of a robot uprising, Munroe's witty and informative explanations delve into the realms of physics, biology, and engineering. With a blend of humor and scientific rigor, this book offers fascinating insights into the bizarre and imaginative world of hypothetical scenarios.

Who should read What If? Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions

Science enthusiasts seeking entertaining and thought-provoking hypothetical scenarios.

Curious minds eager to explore the intersection of science and imagination.

Fans of Randall Munroe's witty and informative webcomic

by John Carreyrou

What is Bad Blood about?

This gripping non-fiction book delves into the shocking rise and fall of a Silicon Valley startup. Fueled by charismatic leadership and promises of groundbreaking medical technology, the company quickly became a billion-dollar empire. However, behind the scenes, deception, fraud, and a web of lies were unraveling. Investigative journalist John Carreyrou uncovers the truth, exposing the dark secrets and unethical practices that ultimately led to the company's downfall.

Who should read Bad Blood

Entrepreneurs and aspiring startup founders seeking cautionary tales and lessons.

Investors and venture capitalists interested in the dark side of Silicon Valley.

Anyone fascinated by corporate scandals and the pursuit of truth.

Steal Like an Artist

by Austin Kleon

What is Steal Like an Artist about?

In this insightful and inspiring book, the author shares ten unconventional principles to unleash your creativity. Drawing from his own experiences and the wisdom of renowned artists, Kleon encourages readers to embrace their influences, find their own voice, and create meaningful work. With practical advice and engaging illustrations, this book is a must-read for anyone seeking to tap into their creative potential and navigate the challenges of the artistic journey.

Who should read Steal Like an Artist

Aspiring artists seeking inspiration and guidance on unleashing creativity.

Established creatives looking for fresh perspectives and innovative ideas.

Anyone interested in exploring their creative potential and embracing originality.

The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work

by John M. Gottman, Ph.D, Nan Silver

What is The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work about?

In this insightful guide, a renowned relationship expert shares seven essential principles for building and maintaining a successful marriage. Drawing from years of research and clinical experience, the author offers practical advice and strategies to help couples strengthen their bond, improve communication, and navigate through challenges. Packed with valuable insights and real-life examples, this book is a must-read for anyone seeking to create a fulfilling and lasting partnership.

Who should read The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work

Couples seeking practical advice to strengthen their marriage.

Relationship therapists looking for evidence-based strategies for clients.

Individuals interested in understanding the science behind successful marriages.

Creativity, Inc.

by Ed Catmull, Amy Wallace

What is Creativity, Inc. about?

In this insightful book, the author, a co-founder of Pixar Animation Studios, shares his experiences and strategies for fostering creativity and innovation within organizations. He explores the unseen obstacles that hinder true inspiration and offers practical advice on how to overcome them. Drawing from his own journey and the success of Pixar, Catmull provides valuable insights into building a creative culture, managing teams, and nurturing the creative process. A must-read for anyone seeking to unleash their own creative potential.

Who should read Creativity, Inc.

Aspiring artists and creative professionals seeking to unlock their potential.

Business leaders and managers looking to foster a culture of innovation.

Pixar enthusiasts curious about the behind-the-scenes workings of the studio.

The Explosive Child

by Ross W. Greene, Ph.D.

What is The Explosive Child about?

"The Explosive Child" offers a fresh perspective on parenting children who are easily frustrated and inflexible. Written by a renowned psychologist, this book presents a new approach to understanding and addressing the challenges faced by these children. With practical strategies and real-life examples, it empowers parents to foster better communication, problem-solving, and collaboration, ultimately creating a more harmonious and supportive environment for their child's emotional growth and development.

Who should read The Explosive Child

Parents struggling to understand and manage their easily frustrated children.

Educators seeking effective strategies for working with inflexible students.

Mental health professionals looking for a fresh approach to help their clients.

The Design of Everyday Things

by Don Norman

What is The Design of Everyday Things about?

"The Design of Everyday Things" explores the fundamental principles of good design and how they can be applied to everyday objects and systems. The book delves into the psychology behind human interaction with technology and provides insights on how to create user-friendly experiences. With real-world examples and thought-provoking anecdotes, the author challenges conventional design practices and offers practical solutions to improve the usability and functionality of the objects we encounter in our daily lives.

Who should read The Design of Everyday Things

Designers and engineers seeking to improve user experience and usability.

Consumers interested in understanding the psychology behind everyday objects.

Students studying human-computer interaction and product design principles.

Your Next Five Moves

by Patrick Bet-David

What is Your Next Five Moves about?

In this insightful and practical guide, the author, a successful entrepreneur, shares his expertise on mastering the art of business strategy. Through a series of strategic moves, he teaches readers how to anticipate and outmaneuver their competition, make calculated decisions, and ultimately achieve success in the business world. Packed with real-life examples and actionable advice, this book is a must-read for anyone looking to elevate their strategic thinking and take their business to the next level.

Who should read Your Next Five Moves

Aspiring entrepreneurs seeking to develop effective business strategies.

Business professionals looking to enhance their strategic thinking skills.

Executives and leaders aiming to stay ahead in competitive markets.

Leadership and Self-Deception

by The Arbinger Institute

What is Leadership and Self-Deception about?

"Leadership and Self-Deception: Getting Out of the Box" explores the concept of self-deception and its impact on leadership. The book delves into the idea that when individuals are trapped in a state of self-deception, they are unable to effectively lead and build meaningful relationships. Through relatable stories and practical insights, the book offers a transformative approach to leadership, encouraging readers to break free from self-deception and embrace a more authentic and compassionate leadership style.

Who should read Leadership and Self-Deception

Managers and leaders seeking to improve their leadership skills.

Individuals looking to enhance their self-awareness and personal growth.

Team members aiming to foster better communication and collaboration.

Gap Selling

by Jim Keenan

What is Gap Selling about?

In this insightful book, Jim Keenan explores a revolutionary approach to sales called "Gap Selling." Keenan emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing the customer's problems and challenges, rather than focusing solely on product features and benefits. By adopting a problem-centric selling approach, sales professionals can build stronger relationships, overcome objections, close deals, and ultimately increase sales. Keenan's strategies challenge traditional sales methods and offer a fresh perspective on achieving success in the competitive world of sales.

Who should read Gap Selling

Sales professionals looking to enhance their selling techniques and increase sales.

Business owners seeking to improve their sales strategies and overcome objections.

Individuals interested in understanding the psychology behind successful selling.

Six Thinking Hats

by Edward de Bono

What is Six Thinking Hats about?

In this insightful book, the author introduces a powerful thinking tool called the "Six Thinking Hats." Edward de Bono explores how this method can enhance decision-making and problem-solving by encouraging individuals to approach situations from different perspectives. Each "hat" represents a different thinking style, allowing readers to effectively analyze, generate ideas, evaluate, and make informed choices. With practical examples and exercises, this book offers a valuable framework for improving critical thinking skills and fostering collaboration in various aspects of life.

Who should read Six Thinking Hats

Business professionals seeking to improve decision-making and problem-solving skills.

Educators looking to enhance critical thinking and creativity in the classroom.

Individuals interested in personal development and effective communication strategies.

Limitless Mind

by Jo Boaler

What is Limitless Mind about?

In this empowering book, the author explores the concept of a limitless mind and how it can transform our lives. Jo Boaler, a renowned educator, challenges the traditional beliefs about intelligence and offers practical strategies to help individuals learn, lead, and live without barriers. Through inspiring stories and scientific research, she reveals the power of a growth mindset and provides valuable insights on how to unlock our full potential and embrace a life of limitless possibilities.

Who should read Limitless Mind

Educators seeking innovative strategies to foster limitless learning environments.

Individuals looking to overcome mental barriers and unlock their potential.

Leaders aiming to create inclusive and empowering work environments.

How to Have a Good Day

by Caroline Webb

What is How to Have a Good Day about?

In this insightful guide, Caroline Webb shares practical strategies to transform your workdays into fulfilling and productive experiences. Drawing from behavioral science, psychology, and neuroscience, she offers valuable techniques to enhance decision-making, manage time effectively, and improve communication skills. With Webb's expert advice, readers will learn how to optimize their work environment, reduce stress, and ultimately lead happier and more successful lives.

Who should read How to Have a Good Day

Professionals seeking to improve their work-life balance and productivity.

Individuals looking to enhance their overall well-being and happiness.

Anyone interested in practical strategies for a more fulfilling life.

by Patty Azzarello

What is Move about?

In this insightful book, Patty Azzarello explores the art of effective leadership and strategy execution. Drawing from her own experiences as a successful executive, she provides practical advice and strategies for overcoming obstacles, setbacks, and stalls that often hinder progress. With a focus on decisiveness and action, Azzarello empowers leaders to navigate challenges and drive their organizations towards success.

Who should read Move

Business executives seeking guidance on overcoming obstacles and executing strategies.

Managers looking to enhance their leadership skills and navigate setbacks.

Individuals interested in learning about effective decision-making and strategy execution.

Create Space

by Derek Draper

What is Create Space about?

In this insightful guide, Derek Draper offers practical strategies to help readers effectively manage their time, find focus, and achieve success. Drawing from his own experiences and research, Draper provides valuable tips and techniques to overcome distractions, prioritize tasks, and create a productive work environment. With a clear and concise writing style, this book is a must-read for anyone seeking to enhance their time management skills and unlock their full potential.

Who should read Create Space

Busy professionals seeking effective time management strategies and increased productivity.

Students struggling with time management and seeking better focus.

Entrepreneurs looking to optimize their time and achieve success.

Thinking, Fast and Slow

by Daniel Kahneman

What is Thinking, Fast and Slow about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the two systems that drive our thinking: the fast, intuitive system and the slow, deliberate system. Drawing on decades of research, he reveals the biases and errors that often cloud our judgment, and offers insights into how we can make better decisions. With engaging anecdotes and compelling examples, this book challenges our understanding of decision-making and provides valuable tools for improving our thinking processes.

Who should read Thinking, Fast and Slow

Individuals interested in understanding the complexities of human decision-making.

Psychologists and behavioral economists seeking insights into cognitive processes.

Business professionals looking to improve their decision-making skills.

Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life

by Dr. Spencer Johnson

What is Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life about?

In this insightful book, Dr. Spencer Johnson presents a powerful parable that explores the inevitable changes we face in both our personal and professional lives. Through the story of two mice and two little people, readers are encouraged to embrace change, adapt to new circumstances, and find success and happiness by letting go of fear and embracing the unknown. With its simple yet profound message, this book offers practical strategies for navigating change and achieving personal growth.

Who should read Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life

Professionals seeking guidance on adapting to workplace changes effectively.

Individuals looking for strategies to navigate personal life transitions.

Anyone interested in learning a practical approach to embracing change.

by David Epstein

What is Range about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author challenges the prevailing notion that specialization is the key to success. Drawing on a wide range of examples from sports, science, and the arts, Epstein argues that individuals with diverse experiences and a broad skill set, known as generalists, often outperform specialists in today's complex world. With compelling evidence and engaging storytelling, he explores the benefits of embracing a more flexible and exploratory approach to life and work.

Who should read Range

Professionals seeking to excel in a rapidly changing job market.

Students and educators looking to navigate career choices effectively.

Individuals interested in understanding the benefits of a broad skillset.

Getting to Yes

by Roger Fisher, William Ury, and Bruce Patton

What is Getting to Yes about?

This book offers a practical guide to effective negotiation techniques, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and mutual understanding. It provides strategies for reaching mutually beneficial agreements without compromising one's interests or resorting to adversarial tactics. Drawing on real-life examples and research, the authors present a step-by-step approach to negotiation that can be applied in various personal and professional contexts. With its focus on principled negotiation, this book aims to empower individuals to achieve successful outcomes while maintaining positive relationships.

Who should read Getting to Yes

Business professionals seeking to improve their negotiation skills.

Lawyers and legal professionals looking for effective negotiation strategies.

Individuals interested in resolving conflicts and reaching mutually beneficial agreements.

Predictably Irrational

by Dan Ariely

What is Predictably Irrational about?

In this thought-provoking book, a renowned behavioral economist delves into the fascinating world of human decision-making. Through a series of engaging experiments and real-life examples, the author uncovers the hidden forces that often lead us to make irrational choices. From the influence of social norms to the power of emotions, this book offers valuable insights into understanding and navigating the complexities of our decision-making processes.

Who should read Predictably Irrational

Individuals interested in understanding the psychological factors influencing decision-making.

Business professionals seeking insights into consumer behavior and marketing strategies.

Psychology enthusiasts looking for a captivating exploration of human irrationality.

The Hard Thing About Hard Things

by Ben Horowitz

What is The Hard Thing About Hard Things about?

In this insightful and practical book, the author shares his experiences and lessons learned while building a business from scratch. Filled with candid advice and real-world examples, the book explores the challenges and tough decisions entrepreneurs face, offering valuable insights on managing teams, making difficult choices, and navigating through the uncertainties of building a successful business. A must-read for anyone looking to thrive in the world of entrepreneurship.

Who should read The Hard Thing About Hard Things

Aspiring entrepreneurs seeking guidance on navigating the challenges of building a business.

Established business owners looking for practical advice on overcoming obstacles.

Managers and leaders seeking insights into making tough decisions.

by Adam Grant

What is Originals about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the power of non-conformity and challenges conventional wisdom. Through captivating stories and compelling research, he reveals how individuals who dare to think differently can shape the world. From entrepreneurs to artists, Grant uncovers the secrets of originality and offers practical advice on how to champion new ideas, navigate risks, and inspire others to embrace their own uniqueness. A must-read for those seeking to make a lasting impact and drive positive change.

Who should read Originals

Entrepreneurs and business leaders seeking innovative strategies for success.

Individuals looking to challenge the status quo and make a difference.

Anyone interested in understanding the psychology behind creativity and originality.

A Mind for Numbers

by Barbara Oakley, Ph.D.

What is A Mind for Numbers about?

In this insightful guide, a renowned expert in learning strategies shares her secrets to mastering math and science. Barbara Oakley, Ph.D., reveals effective techniques to overcome common obstacles and develop a "mind for numbers." With practical tips, real-life examples, and engaging exercises, this book equips readers with the tools to excel in these subjects, regardless of their previous experiences or perceived abilities.

Who should read A Mind for Numbers

Students struggling with math and science concepts.

Professionals seeking to enhance their analytical thinking skills.

Educators looking for effective teaching strategies in math and science.

by Dan Heath, Chip Heath

What is Switch about?

"Switch: How to Change Things When Change is Hard" is a practical guide that explores the psychology behind successful change. Written by Dan Heath and Chip Heath, this book offers valuable insights and strategies to navigate through difficult transitions. Drawing from real-life examples and research, it provides a roadmap for individuals and organizations to overcome resistance and make lasting changes. With a focus on understanding human behavior, "Switch" offers a compelling framework to drive positive transformations in any aspect of life.

Who should read Switch

Individuals seeking practical strategies to navigate and embrace change.

Managers and leaders looking to drive successful organizational transformations.

Anyone interested in understanding the psychology behind change and decision-making.

Made to Stick

by Chip Heath, Dan Heath

What is Made to Stick about?

"Made to Stick" explores the art of crafting ideas that are memorable and impactful. Chip Heath and Dan Heath delve into the psychology behind why certain ideas stick in our minds while others fade away. Through engaging stories and practical strategies, the authors reveal the key elements that make ideas stick, such as simplicity, unexpectedness, and emotional appeal. This book is a guide for anyone seeking to communicate their ideas effectively and leave a lasting impression.

Who should read Made to Stick

Business professionals seeking to create memorable and impactful ideas.

Educators looking to engage and inspire their students with lasting concepts.

Marketers and advertisers aiming to craft compelling and memorable campaigns.

The Making of a Manager

by Julie Zhuo

What is The Making of a Manager about?

"The Making of a Manager" by Julie Zhuo is a practical guide for new managers, offering valuable insights and advice on how to navigate the challenges of leadership. Drawing from her own experiences as a young manager at Facebook, Zhuo shares actionable strategies for building effective teams, making tough decisions, and fostering a positive work culture. This book is an essential resource for anyone stepping into a managerial role and seeking to excel in their leadership journey.

Who should read The Making of a Manager

Aspiring managers seeking guidance on leading teams effectively.

New managers looking for practical advice on handling responsibilities.

Experienced managers seeking fresh insights and strategies for success.

by Jake Knapp, John Zeratsky and Braden Kowitz

What is Sprint about?

"Sprint" is a practical guide that offers a step-by-step process for solving complex problems and testing innovative ideas in a short span of five days. Written by a team of experts, this book provides valuable insights and techniques to help individuals and teams streamline their decision-making process, foster collaboration, and achieve faster results. With real-world examples and actionable advice, "Sprint" is a must-read for anyone seeking to tackle big challenges and drive innovation.

Who should read Sprint

Entrepreneurs and business leaders seeking innovative problem-solving strategies.

Designers and product managers looking to streamline their creative process.

Individuals interested in learning effective methods for testing and validating ideas.

Good Strategy/Bad Strategy

by Richard Rumelt

What is Good Strategy/Bad Strategy about?

In this insightful book, the author delves into the world of strategy, dissecting the difference between good and bad strategies and emphasizing their impact. Richard Rumelt explores the common pitfalls of bad strategies and offers practical advice on how to develop effective ones. With real-world examples and engaging analysis, this book serves as a guide for individuals and organizations seeking to understand the importance of strategy and its role in achieving success.

Who should read Good Strategy/Bad Strategy

Business executives seeking to develop effective strategic thinking skills.

Students studying business management and strategy.

Entrepreneurs looking to enhance their strategic decision-making abilities.

Thinking In Systems

by Donella Meadows, Diana Wright

What is Thinking In Systems about?

"Thinking in Systems: A Primer" offers a comprehensive guide to understanding and analyzing complex systems. Written by an acclaimed author, this book explores the interconnectedness of various systems, from ecosystems to organizations, and provides practical tools for problem-solving and decision-making. With real-world examples and thought-provoking insights, it equips readers with the necessary skills to navigate and influence the intricate systems that shape our world.

Who should read Thinking In Systems

Students and academics studying complex systems and sustainability.

Business leaders seeking to understand and improve organizational dynamics.

Individuals interested in gaining a holistic perspective on global issues.

Rebel Ideas

by Matthew Syed

What is Rebel Ideas about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the immense power of diverse thinking and its impact on innovation, decision-making, and problem-solving. Drawing from a wide range of captivating stories and scientific research, he reveals how embracing different perspectives and challenging conventional wisdom can lead to groundbreaking ideas and transformative change. With compelling insights, "Rebel Ideas" encourages readers to harness the collective intelligence of diverse teams and embrace the potential of inclusive thinking in all aspects of life.

Who should read Rebel Ideas

Business leaders seeking innovative strategies through diverse perspectives.

Educators interested in fostering creativity and critical thinking skills.

Individuals looking to challenge their own biases and expand perspectives.

Creative Confidence

by Tom Kelley & David Kelley

What is Creative Confidence about?

"Creative Confidence" is a transformative guide that empowers individuals to tap into their innate creativity. Authored by two renowned innovators, this book explores practical strategies and inspiring stories to help readers overcome self-doubt and unleash their creative potential. With a focus on fostering creativity in all aspects of life, this book offers valuable insights and actionable steps to cultivate confidence and embrace the power of imagination.

Who should read Creative Confidence

Aspiring artists and designers seeking to unlock their creative potential.

Business professionals looking to foster innovation and creativity in their organizations.

Individuals lacking confidence in their creative abilities

seeking inspiration.

The Fifth Discipline

by Peter M. Senge

What is The Fifth Discipline about?

"The Fifth Discipline" explores the concept of a learning organization, where individuals and teams continuously enhance their capabilities to create a better future. Peter M. Senge delves into the five disciplines that are essential for building a learning organization: personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning, and systems thinking. Through real-life examples and practical insights, Senge offers a roadmap for organizations to foster innovation, adaptability, and collective intelligence in an ever-changing world.

Who should read The Fifth Discipline

Business leaders seeking to transform their organizations into learning organizations.

Educators and trainers interested in fostering a culture of continuous learning.

Individuals looking to enhance their personal and professional growth.

The Effective Executive

by Peter F. Drucker

What is The Effective Executive about?

"The Effective Executive" is a practical guide that offers valuable insights into how individuals can become more efficient and productive in their professional lives. Drawing from extensive research and real-life examples, the author provides actionable strategies and principles for effective decision-making, time management, and prioritization. This book serves as a comprehensive resource for anyone seeking to enhance their effectiveness and achieve greater success in their roles as executives or leaders.

Who should read The Effective Executive

Managers and executives seeking to enhance their leadership skills.

Business professionals aiming to improve their decision-making abilities.

Individuals interested in maximizing their personal and professional productivity.

How Not to Hate Your Husband After Kids

by Jancee Dunn

What is How Not to Hate Your Husband After Kids about?

In this insightful and humorous book, Jancee Dunn shares her personal journey of navigating the challenges of marriage after having children. With a blend of research, expert advice, and relatable anecdotes, she offers practical strategies to help couples maintain a strong and loving relationship amidst the chaos of parenthood. From communication breakdowns to divvying up household chores, this book provides valuable insights and tips for any couple looking to strengthen their bond and find happiness in their post-kids life.

Who should read How Not to Hate Your Husband After Kids

New mothers struggling to maintain a healthy relationship with their husbands.

Couples seeking advice on navigating the challenges of parenthood.

Individuals interested in understanding the impact of children on marriages.

Think Like a Rocket Scientist

by Ozan Varol

What is Think Like a Rocket Scientist about?

In this insightful book, the author shares practical strategies to unleash your inner rocket scientist and achieve remarkable success in both your professional and personal life. Drawing from his experience as a former rocket scientist turned law professor, Varol offers a unique perspective on problem-solving, innovation, and decision-making. With engaging anecdotes and actionable advice, he empowers readers to think critically, embrace failure, and challenge conventional wisdom to make giant leaps forward in their work and life.

Who should read Think Like a Rocket Scientist

Professionals seeking innovative strategies to excel in their careers.

Individuals looking to enhance problem-solving skills and think creatively.

Science enthusiasts eager to explore the mindset of rocket scientists.

by Dan Heath

What is Upstream about?

In "Upstream," the author explores the power of prevention and proactive problem-solving. Drawing from various real-life examples, Dan Heath emphasizes the importance of addressing issues at their root causes rather than simply reacting to their consequences. With insightful anecdotes and practical strategies, he encourages readers to shift their mindset and take action to prevent problems before they arise, ultimately leading to more effective and sustainable solutions.

Who should read Upstream

Individuals seeking proactive strategies to prevent problems in their lives.

Business leaders aiming to anticipate and address potential challenges.

Policy makers interested in implementing preventive measures for societal issues.

No Hard Feelings

by Liz Fosslien, Mollie West Duffy

What is No Hard Feelings about?

This insightful book explores the often overlooked role of emotions in the workplace. Drawing on research and personal experiences, the authors delve into how emotions impact our productivity, relationships, and overall well-being at work. With practical tips and relatable anecdotes, they provide guidance on how to navigate emotions effectively, fostering a more positive and empathetic work environment. Whether you're a manager or an employee, this book offers valuable insights for harnessing the power of emotions to thrive in the professional world.

Who should read No Hard Feelings

Professionals seeking to navigate and improve emotional intelligence in the workplace.

Managers and leaders looking to create a more emotionally intelligent work environment.

Individuals interested in understanding the impact of emotions on productivity.

How to Think Like Leonardo da Vinci

by Michael J. Gelb

What is How to Think Like Leonardo da Vinci about?

In this insightful guide, the author explores the mind of the legendary artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci, revealing seven practical steps to cultivate genius in our daily lives. Drawing from da Vinci's notebooks, Gelb presents exercises and techniques to enhance creativity, sharpen thinking skills, and foster a holistic approach to problem-solving. This book offers a captivating journey into the mind of a genius, inspiring readers to unlock their own potential and think like da Vinci.

Who should read How to Think Like Leonardo da Vinci

Aspiring artists and creatives seeking to unlock their potential.

Professionals looking to enhance their problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

History enthusiasts interested in understanding the mind of Leonardo da Vinci.

The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking

by Edward B. Burger, Michael Starbird

What is The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking about?

"The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking" offers readers a practical guide to enhance their thinking skills and become more effective problem solvers. Written by two renowned educators, this book explores five essential thinking strategies that can be applied to any situation. Through engaging examples and thought-provoking exercises, the authors empower readers to think more creatively, critically, and strategically, ultimately leading to improved decision-making and success in various aspects of life.

Who should read The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking

Students seeking to improve their critical thinking skills.

Professionals looking to enhance their problem-solving abilities.

Individuals interested in personal growth and self-improvement.

by Brian Tracy

What is Get Smart! about?

In this insightful guide, renowned author Brian Tracy shares the secrets to achieving success and financial abundance. Drawing from his extensive research and personal experiences, Tracy provides practical strategies and mindset shifts that can help individuals think and act like the most accomplished and well-compensated professionals in any industry. Packed with actionable advice, this book is a valuable resource for anyone looking to unlock their full potential and achieve their goals.

Who should read Get Smart!

Aspiring professionals seeking to unlock the secrets of success.

Individuals looking to enhance their productivity and achieve financial abundance.

Ambitious individuals striving to reach the top of their respective fields.

The Art of Thinking Clearly

by Rolf Dobelli

What is The Art of Thinking Clearly about?

"The Art of Thinking Clearly" is a thought-provoking book that explores the common cognitive biases and logical fallacies that often cloud our decision-making process. Written by an acclaimed author, this book offers practical insights and strategies to help readers identify and overcome these mental traps. With a blend of psychology, philosophy, and real-life examples, it provides a valuable guide to improving our critical thinking skills and making better choices in various aspects of life.

Who should read The Art of Thinking Clearly

Individuals seeking to improve their decision-making skills and critical thinking abilities.

Business professionals looking to enhance their problem-solving strategies and avoid cognitive biases.

Anyone interested in understanding common thinking errors and improving their judgment.

Dude, You're Gonna Be a Dad! How to Get (Both of You) Through the Next 9 months

by John Pfeiffer

What is Dude, You're Gonna Be a Dad! How to Get (Both of You) Through the Next 9 months about?

This informative guide offers practical advice and support for expectant fathers as they navigate the journey of pregnancy alongside their partners. From understanding the physical and emotional changes of pregnancy to preparing for childbirth and beyond, the author provides a humorous and relatable perspective on the challenges and joys of becoming a dad. With helpful tips and insights, this book is a must-read for any soon-to-be father.

Who should read Dude, You're Gonna Be a Dad! How to Get (Both of You) Through the Next 9 months

Expectant fathers seeking practical advice on navigating pregnancy with their partner.

Couples preparing for the journey of pregnancy and parenthood together.

Soon-to-be dads looking for a humorous and relatable guide.

by Daniel H. Pink

What is When about?

In this insightful book, the author explores the hidden science behind timing and its impact on our daily lives. Drawing on a wide range of research, Pink reveals how our internal clocks affect our mood, decision-making, and productivity. From the best time to schedule a meeting to the ideal moment for a career change, this book offers practical advice on how to harness the power of timing to optimize our personal and professional lives.

Who should read When

Professionals seeking to optimize their productivity and time management skills.

Students looking to enhance their study habits and academic performance.

Individuals interested in understanding the impact of timing on personal and professional success.

The Innovator's Dilemma

by Clayton M. Christensen

What is The Innovator's Dilemma about?

This book explores the challenges faced by successful companies when disruptive technologies emerge in the market. Clayton M. Christensen analyzes how established firms often fail to adapt to these new technologies due to their focus on sustaining innovations. Through case studies and research, the book offers insights into the "innovator's dilemma" and provides strategies for companies to navigate these disruptive changes and avoid failure.

Who should read The Innovator's Dilemma

Entrepreneurs and business leaders seeking insights on disruptive innovation.

Executives and managers in established companies facing technological disruptions.

Students and academics studying the challenges of innovation and industry dynamics.

It Doesn't Have to Be Crazy at Work

by Jason Fried, David Heinemeier Hansson

What is It Doesn't Have to Be Crazy at Work about?

This book offers a refreshing perspective on work culture, challenging the notion that chaos and stress are inevitable in the workplace. The authors, drawing from their own experiences, provide practical advice and strategies for creating a calmer and more productive work environment. With a focus on prioritizing well-being and embracing simplicity, this book offers valuable insights for anyone seeking to transform their work life and foster a healthier work culture.

Who should read It Doesn't Have to Be Crazy at Work

Entrepreneurs and business owners seeking a more balanced work-life approach.

Managers and team leaders looking to create a healthier work environment.

Individuals interested in challenging traditional work culture and practices.

How We Got to Now

by Steven Johnson

What is How We Got to Now about?

In "How We Got to Now," the author explores six pivotal innovations that have shaped the modern world. From the discovery of glass to the development of refrigeration, Steven Johnson delves into the interconnectedness of these breakthroughs and their profound impact on society. Through captivating storytelling and insightful analysis, he reveals the unexpected origins and far-reaching consequences of these innovations, offering a fresh perspective on the history of human progress.

Who should read How We Got to Now

History enthusiasts seeking to understand the pivotal innovations shaping our world.

Science and technology enthusiasts eager to explore the origins of modern advancements.

Curious individuals interested in the interconnectedness of past and present innovations.

Reality Is Broken

by Jane McGonigal

What is Reality Is Broken about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the power of games to transform our lives and society. Drawing on extensive research, Jane McGonigal argues that games have the potential to solve real-world problems and improve our well-being. She delves into the psychology behind gaming, highlighting how it can enhance our motivation, resilience, and social connections. With compelling examples and practical insights, McGonigal presents a compelling case for the transformative potential of games in shaping a better world.

Who should read Reality Is Broken

Gamers and game enthusiasts seeking to understand the positive impact of games on society.

Educators and parents interested in harnessing the power of games for learning and motivation.

Social activists and policymakers looking for innovative solutions to global challenges.

Thinkertoys

by Michael Michalko

What is Thinkertoys about?

"Thinkertoys" is a practical guide by Michael Michalko that offers a diverse collection of creative-thinking techniques. This handbook provides readers with a toolbox of strategies to enhance their problem-solving skills and stimulate innovative ideas. Through a combination of exercises, puzzles, and real-life examples, Michalko encourages readers to think outside the box and tap into their creative potential. Whether you're a student, professional, or simply seeking to expand your thinking abilities, this book is a valuable resource for unlocking your imagination.

Who should read Thinkertoys

Aspiring entrepreneurs seeking innovative strategies to boost their business.

Students and educators looking to enhance their problem-solving skills.

Professionals in creative fields aiming to unlock their creative potential.

Power Questions

by Andrew Sobel, Jerold Panas

What is Power Questions about?

"Power Questions" is a practical guide that offers valuable insights on how to effectively build relationships, win new business, and influence others. Written by Andrew Sobel and Jerold Panas, this book provides a comprehensive collection of thought-provoking questions that can be used in various professional and personal settings. With a focus on enhancing communication skills and fostering meaningful connections, this book equips readers with the tools to achieve success in their interactions and achieve their goals.

Who should read Power Questions

Sales professionals looking to enhance their communication and persuasion skills.

Business leaders seeking to strengthen their relationship-building abilities.

Individuals interested in improving their influence and networking capabilities.

The Innovator's DNA

by Jeff H. Dyer, Hal B. Gregersen, Clayton M. Christensen

What is The Innovator's DNA about?

"The Innovator's DNA" explores the essential skills and traits possessed by disruptive innovators. Drawing on extensive research and interviews with successful entrepreneurs, the book identifies five key behaviors that drive innovation: associating, questioning, observing, networking, and experimenting. By mastering these skills, individuals can unlock their own potential for groundbreaking ideas and create lasting impact in their industries. With practical insights and real-world examples, this book serves as a guide for anyone looking to cultivate their innovative mindset and drive meaningful change.

Who should read The Innovator's DNA

Entrepreneurs and business leaders seeking to develop disruptive innovation skills.

Aspiring innovators looking to understand and cultivate their creative abilities.

Students and researchers interested in the field of disruptive innovation.

Hug Your Haters

by Jay Baer

What is Hug Your Haters about?

In this insightful book, the author explores the importance of embracing customer complaints and feedback. With real-life examples and practical advice, the book teaches businesses how to effectively handle and respond to customer complaints in the digital age. By understanding the power of customer feedback, businesses can improve their customer service, build stronger relationships, and ultimately, achieve long-term success.

Who should read Hug Your Haters

Business owners and managers seeking to improve customer service.

Customer service representatives looking to handle complaints effectively.

Entrepreneurs and marketers aiming to build strong customer relationships.

Questions Are the Answer

by Hal B. Gregersen

What is Questions Are the Answer about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author presents a groundbreaking approach to solving the most challenging problems we face in both our personal and professional lives. Through the power of asking the right questions, Hal B. Gregersen guides readers on a transformative journey, encouraging them to challenge assumptions, explore new perspectives, and unlock innovative solutions. Packed with real-life examples and practical strategies, this book offers a fresh perspective on problem-solving that will inspire readers to think differently and find answers they never thought possible.

Who should read Questions Are the Answer

Professionals seeking innovative problem-solving strategies for their work challenges.

Individuals looking to overcome personal obstacles and find solutions.

Leaders and managers aiming to foster a culture of curiosity and creativity.

The Art of Creative Thinking

by John Adair

What is The Art of Creative Thinking about?

"The Art of Creative Thinking" by John Adair is a practical guide that explores the process of generating innovative ideas. Filled with insightful techniques and real-life examples, this book equips readers with the tools to enhance their creativity and develop great ideas. Adair delves into various aspects of creative thinking, including problem-solving, brainstorming, and fostering a creative environment. Whether you're an individual seeking personal growth or a team leader aiming to inspire innovation, this book offers valuable strategies for unlocking your creative potential.

Who should read The Art of Creative Thinking

Aspiring entrepreneurs seeking to unlock their creative potential.

Professionals in creative industries looking to enhance their innovative skills.

Students and educators interested in fostering creativity and idea generation.

Declutter Your Mind

by S. J. Scott & Barrie Davenport

What is Declutter Your Mind about?

In this insightful guide, two experienced authors offer practical strategies to declutter your mind and find inner peace. They delve into the root causes of worry, anxiety, and negative thinking, providing step-by-step techniques to overcome these challenges. With a focus on mindfulness, self-reflection, and positive habits, this book empowers readers to regain control of their thoughts, reduce stress, and cultivate a more peaceful and fulfilling life.

Who should read Declutter Your Mind

Individuals struggling with anxiety and negative thinking patterns.

People seeking practical strategies to reduce worry and stress.

Anyone interested in improving their mental well-being and finding peace.

How Not to Be Wrong

by Jordan Ellenberg

What is How Not to Be Wrong about?

In this captivating book, the author explores the fascinating world of mathematics and its practical applications in everyday life. Through engaging anecdotes and thought-provoking examples, he reveals how mathematical thinking can help us make better decisions, solve complex problems, and avoid common pitfalls. With wit and clarity, the author demonstrates the power of mathematical reasoning, showing readers how to think critically and navigate the world with a sharper, more logical perspective.

Who should read How Not to Be Wrong

Students and educators seeking to enhance their mathematical reasoning skills.

Professionals in fields like finance

engineering

or data analysis.

Anyone interested in understanding the practical applications of mathematics.

Think Like a Freak

by Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner

What is Think Like a Freak about?

"Think Like a Freak" is a thought-provoking book that challenges conventional wisdom and encourages readers to approach problems with a fresh perspective. Written by the authors of Freakonomics, Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, this book offers practical advice on how to retrain your brain to think creatively, solve complex issues, and make better decisions. With engaging anecdotes and real-life examples, it provides a fascinating exploration of the power of unconventional thinking.

Who should read Think Like a Freak

Individuals seeking unconventional approaches to problem-solving and decision-making.

Business professionals looking to enhance their critical thinking skills.

Fans of the Freakonomics series eager to explore new perspectives.

F*ck Feelings

by Michael Bennett, MD, Sarah Bennett

What is F*ck Feelings about?

This book offers practical advice for navigating life's most challenging problems. Written by a psychiatrist and his comedy writer daughter, it provides a refreshing and irreverent take on self-help. With a no-nonsense approach, it guides readers on how to accept and manage their emotions, while offering strategies to overcome life's inevitable obstacles. Filled with humor and wisdom, this book is a valuable resource for anyone seeking practical solutions to life's impossible problems.

Who should read F*ck Feelings

Individuals seeking practical advice for managing life's challenges.

Those interested in a no-nonsense approach to problem-solving.

People looking for a fresh perspective on emotional well-being.

Collaborating with the Enemy

by Adam Kahane

What is Collaborating with the Enemy about?

In this insightful book, Adam Kahane explores the art of collaboration in the face of disagreement, dislike, and lack of trust. Drawing from his extensive experience as a mediator and facilitator, Kahane offers practical strategies and tools to navigate complex and polarized situations. Through compelling stories and real-life examples, he demonstrates how collaboration can lead to innovative solutions and transformative change, even when working with seemingly impossible adversaries. A must-read for anyone seeking to bridge divides and find common ground in today's challenging world.

Who should read Collaborating with the Enemy

Professionals seeking strategies to navigate challenging work relationships effectively.

Leaders aiming to foster collaboration in diverse and conflicting teams.

Individuals interested in improving their ability to resolve conflicts peacefully.

Innovation in Real Places

by Dan Breznitz

What is Innovation in Real Places about?

"Innovation in Real Places" by Dan Breznitz explores strategies for achieving prosperity in a challenging global landscape. The book delves into the importance of innovation in driving economic growth and offers insights into how different regions can foster innovation to thrive in an unforgiving world. Breznitz provides a comprehensive analysis of successful innovation ecosystems, highlighting the key factors that contribute to their success. This thought-provoking book offers practical guidance for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of innovation in real-world contexts.

Who should read Innovation in Real Places

Entrepreneurs and business leaders seeking strategies for success in challenging environments.

Urban planners and policymakers interested in fostering innovation and economic growth.

Researchers and academics studying the dynamics of innovation in real-world settings.

Think Like an Entrepreneur, Act Like a CEO

by Beverly E. Jones

What is Think Like an Entrepreneur, Act Like a CEO about?

This book offers 50 essential tips to help individuals thrive in their professional lives. It combines the mindset of an entrepreneur with the strategic actions of a CEO, providing practical advice on how to navigate challenges, adapt to change, and achieve success in the workplace. With insights from various industries and real-life examples, this guide equips readers with the tools they need to stay afloat, bounce back from setbacks, and excel in their careers.

Who should read Think Like an Entrepreneur, Act Like a CEO

Aspiring entrepreneurs seeking practical advice for success in business.

Professionals looking to enhance their leadership skills and mindset.

Individuals facing career challenges and seeking strategies for advancement.

Red Thread Thinking

by Debra Kaye with Karen Kelly

What is Red Thread Thinking about?

"Red Thread Thinking" explores the power of making connections to generate innovative ideas and drive profitable innovation. Written by Debra Kaye with Karen Kelly, this book delves into the concept of the "red thread," a metaphor for the invisible link that connects seemingly unrelated ideas, people, and experiences. Through real-life examples and practical strategies, the authors guide readers on how to cultivate this mindset and apply it to their own creative processes, ultimately leading to breakthrough ideas and business success.

Who should read Red Thread Thinking

Creative thinkers looking to enhance their problem-solving skills.

Individuals interested in understanding the power of connections in innovation.

Lateral Thinking

by Edward de Bono, Dr.

What is Lateral Thinking about?

In this insightful guide, the author explores the concept of lateral thinking and provides practical techniques to enhance creativity. Edward de Bono encourages readers to break free from traditional thought patterns and embrace a more innovative approach to problem-solving. With step-by-step instructions and engaging examples, this book offers valuable tools to unlock one's creative potential and think outside the box. A must-read for those seeking to cultivate their creativity and find fresh solutions to challenges.

Who should read Lateral Thinking

Aspiring artists and designers seeking to enhance their creative process.

Business professionals looking to develop innovative problem-solving skills.

Educators and trainers interested in fostering critical thinking abilities.

Two Awesome Hours

by Josh Davis

What is Two Awesome Hours about?

In this insightful book, the author shares science-backed techniques to help readers optimize their productivity and achieve their goals. By understanding the brain's natural rhythms and learning how to manage distractions, readers will discover how to make the most of their two most productive hours each day. With practical strategies and actionable advice, this book empowers individuals to harness their best time and accomplish their most important work.

Who should read Two Awesome Hours

Busy professionals seeking science-backed techniques to maximize productivity.

Students looking for effective strategies to improve focus and study.

Individuals struggling with time management and seeking practical solutions.

Seeing What Others Don’t

by Dr. Gary Klein

What is Seeing What Others Don’t about?

In "Seeing What Others Don't," Dr. Gary Klein explores the fascinating world of insights and how they are formed. Through captivating stories and research, he delves into the minds of experts from various fields to uncover the hidden processes behind their remarkable ability to gain insights. This thought-provoking book offers valuable insights into how we can enhance our own ability to see what others often miss, ultimately leading to more innovative and creative thinking.

Who should read Seeing What Others Don’t

Business professionals seeking to enhance their problem-solving skills.

Researchers and psychologists interested in the science of insight.

Individuals looking to unlock their creative potential and gain new perspectives.

Negotiation Hacks

by Simon Rycraft

What is Negotiation Hacks about?

"Negotiation Hacks: Expert Tactics To Get What You Want" by Simon Rycraft is a comprehensive guide that equips readers with powerful strategies to master the art of negotiation. Drawing from years of experience, the author shares practical tips and techniques to help readers navigate any negotiation successfully. From understanding the psychology behind negotiations to leveraging effective communication skills, this book provides invaluable insights to empower individuals to achieve their desired outcomes in any negotiation scenario.

Who should read Negotiation Hacks

Professionals seeking to enhance their negotiation skills and strategies.

Entrepreneurs looking to gain a competitive edge in business negotiations.

Individuals wanting to improve their personal and professional relationships.

Effective Decision-Making

by Edoardo Binda Zane

What is Effective Decision-Making about?

In this insightful guide, the author explores the art of effective decision-making in challenging situations. With a focus on navigating uncertainty and pressure, the book offers practical strategies and techniques to enhance decision-making skills. Drawing from real-life examples and research, readers will gain valuable insights into analyzing risks, managing emotions, and optimizing outcomes. Whether in personal or professional life, this book equips individuals with the tools to make better decisions and thrive in uncertain environments.

Who should read Effective Decision-Making

Professionals seeking to improve their decision-making skills in high-pressure environments.

Students studying decision-making processes and strategies in uncertain situations.

Individuals looking to enhance their ability to make informed choices.

A Spy’s Guide to Thinking

by John Braddock

What is A Spy’s Guide to Thinking about?

In this insightful guide, the author, a former intelligence officer, shares his expertise on critical thinking and decision-making. Drawing from his experiences in the field, he reveals practical strategies and techniques used by spies to analyze information, assess risks, and make sound judgments. With a focus on enhancing mental agility and avoiding cognitive biases, this book equips readers with the tools to navigate complex situations and think like a spy in their everyday lives.

Who should read A Spy’s Guide to Thinking

Aspiring spies seeking to enhance their critical thinking skills.

Professionals in intelligence and espionage looking to sharpen their mental acuity.

Anyone interested in learning strategic thinking from a spy's perspective.

Out of the Crisis

by W. Edwards Deming

What is Out of the Crisis about?

"Out of the Crisis" is a groundbreaking book that offers a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by organizations and provides practical solutions to overcome them. Written by a renowned management expert, this book delves into the root causes of crises and presents a systematic approach to improve quality, productivity, and overall performance. With insightful examples and actionable strategies, it empowers leaders to transform their organizations and thrive in a rapidly changing business landscape.

Who should read Out of the Crisis

Business leaders seeking to improve organizational efficiency and productivity.

Quality control professionals aiming to implement effective management strategies.

Individuals interested in understanding the principles of continuous improvement.

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What Is Creative Problem-Solving & Why Is It Important?

• 01 Feb 2022

One of the biggest hindrances to innovation is complacency—it can be more comfortable to do what you know than venture into the unknown. Business leaders can overcome this barrier by mobilizing creative team members and providing space to innovate.

There are several tools you can use to encourage creativity in the workplace. Creative problem-solving is one of them, which facilitates the development of innovative solutions to difficult problems.

Here’s an overview of creative problem-solving and why it’s important in business.

Access your free e-book today.

What Is Creative Problem-Solving?

Research is necessary when solving a problem. But there are situations where a problem’s specific cause is difficult to pinpoint. This can occur when there’s not enough time to narrow down the problem’s source or there are differing opinions about its root cause.

In such cases, you can use creative problem-solving , which allows you to explore potential solutions regardless of whether a problem has been defined.

Creative problem-solving is less structured than other innovation processes and encourages exploring open-ended solutions. It also focuses on developing new perspectives and fostering creativity in the workplace . Its benefits include:

• Finding creative solutions to complex problems : User research can insufficiently illustrate a situation’s complexity. While other innovation processes rely on this information, creative problem-solving can yield solutions without it.
• Adapting to change : Business is constantly changing, and business leaders need to adapt. Creative problem-solving helps overcome unforeseen challenges and find solutions to unconventional problems.
• Fueling innovation and growth : In addition to solutions, creative problem-solving can spark innovative ideas that drive company growth. These ideas can lead to new product lines, services, or a modified operations structure that improves efficiency.

Creative problem-solving is traditionally based on the following key principles :

1. Balance Divergent and Convergent Thinking

Creative problem-solving uses two primary tools to find solutions: divergence and convergence. Divergence generates ideas in response to a problem, while convergence narrows them down to a shortlist. It balances these two practices and turns ideas into concrete solutions.

2. Reframe Problems as Questions

By framing problems as questions, you shift from focusing on obstacles to solutions. This provides the freedom to brainstorm potential ideas.

3. Defer Judgment of Ideas

When brainstorming, it can be natural to reject or accept ideas right away. Yet, immediate judgments interfere with the idea generation process. Even ideas that seem implausible can turn into outstanding innovations upon further exploration and development.

4. Focus on "Yes, And" Instead of "No, But"

Using negative words like "no" discourages creative thinking. Instead, use positive language to build and maintain an environment that fosters the development of creative and innovative ideas.

Creative Problem-Solving and Design Thinking

Whereas creative problem-solving facilitates developing innovative ideas through a less structured workflow, design thinking takes a far more organized approach.

Design thinking is a human-centered, solutions-based process that fosters the ideation and development of solutions. In the online course Design Thinking and Innovation , Harvard Business School Dean Srikant Datar leverages a four-phase framework to explain design thinking.

The four stages are:

• Clarify: The clarification stage allows you to empathize with the user and identify problems. Observations and insights are informed by thorough research. Findings are then reframed as problem statements or questions.
• Ideate: Ideation is the process of coming up with innovative ideas. The divergence of ideas involved with creative problem-solving is a major focus.
• Develop: In the development stage, ideas evolve into experiments and tests. Ideas converge and are explored through prototyping and open critique.
• Implement: Implementation involves continuing to test and experiment to refine the solution and encourage its adoption.

Creative problem-solving primarily operates in the ideate phase of design thinking but can be applied to others. This is because design thinking is an iterative process that moves between the stages as ideas are generated and pursued. This is normal and encouraged, as innovation requires exploring multiple ideas.

Creative Problem-Solving Tools

While there are many useful tools in the creative problem-solving process, here are three you should know:

Creating a Problem Story

One way to innovate is by creating a story about a problem to understand how it affects users and what solutions best fit their needs. Here are the steps you need to take to use this tool properly.

1. Identify a UDP

Create a problem story to identify the undesired phenomena (UDP). For example, consider a company that produces printers that overheat. In this case, the UDP is "our printers overheat."

2. Move Forward in Time

To move forward in time, ask: “Why is this a problem?” For example, minor damage could be one result of the machines overheating. In more extreme cases, printers may catch fire. Don't be afraid to create multiple problem stories if you think of more than one UDP.

3. Move Backward in Time

To move backward in time, ask: “What caused this UDP?” If you can't identify the root problem, think about what typically causes the UDP to occur. For the overheating printers, overuse could be a cause.

Following the three-step framework above helps illustrate a clear problem story:

• The printer is overused.
• The printer overheats.
• The printer breaks down.

You can extend the problem story in either direction if you think of additional cause-and-effect relationships.

4. Break the Chains

By this point, you’ll have multiple UDP storylines. Take two that are similar and focus on breaking the chains connecting them. This can be accomplished through inversion or neutralization.

• Inversion: Inversion changes the relationship between two UDPs so the cause is the same but the effect is the opposite. For example, if the UDP is "the more X happens, the more likely Y is to happen," inversion changes the equation to "the more X happens, the less likely Y is to happen." Using the printer example, inversion would consider: "What if the more a printer is used, the less likely it’s going to overheat?" Innovation requires an open mind. Just because a solution initially seems unlikely doesn't mean it can't be pursued further or spark additional ideas.
• Neutralization: Neutralization completely eliminates the cause-and-effect relationship between X and Y. This changes the above equation to "the more or less X happens has no effect on Y." In the case of the printers, neutralization would rephrase the relationship to "the more or less a printer is used has no effect on whether it overheats."

Even if creating a problem story doesn't provide a solution, it can offer useful context to users’ problems and additional ideas to be explored. Given that divergence is one of the fundamental practices of creative problem-solving, it’s a good idea to incorporate it into each tool you use.

Brainstorming

Brainstorming is a tool that can be highly effective when guided by the iterative qualities of the design thinking process. It involves openly discussing and debating ideas and topics in a group setting. This facilitates idea generation and exploration as different team members consider the same concept from multiple perspectives.

Hosting brainstorming sessions can result in problems, such as groupthink or social loafing. To combat this, leverage a three-step brainstorming method involving divergence and convergence :

• Have each group member come up with as many ideas as possible and write them down to ensure the brainstorming session is productive.
• Continue the divergence of ideas by collectively sharing and exploring each idea as a group. The goal is to create a setting where new ideas are inspired by open discussion.
• Begin the convergence of ideas by narrowing them down to a few explorable options. There’s no "right number of ideas." Don't be afraid to consider exploring all of them, as long as you have the resources to do so.

Alternate Worlds

The alternate worlds tool is an empathetic approach to creative problem-solving. It encourages you to consider how someone in another world would approach your situation.

For example, if you’re concerned that the printers you produce overheat and catch fire, consider how a different industry would approach the problem. How would an automotive expert solve it? How would a firefighter?

Be creative as you consider and research alternate worlds. The purpose is not to nail down a solution right away but to continue the ideation process through diverging and exploring ideas.

Continue Developing Your Skills

Whether you’re an entrepreneur, marketer, or business leader, learning the ropes of design thinking can be an effective way to build your skills and foster creativity and innovation in any setting.

If you're ready to develop your design thinking and creative problem-solving skills, explore Design Thinking and Innovation , one of our online entrepreneurship and innovation courses. If you aren't sure which course is the right fit, download our free course flowchart to determine which best aligns with your goals.

About the Author

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Paul Reali, MS, MBA OmniSkills Founder & Principal 336.926.8833 * E-mail Paul

PLEASE READ: Permissions to Use Site Content

We encourage you to use the content you find on this site, in accordance with the Creative Commons license specified here, and on each page:

Click the image above for a description of these terms. For additional permissions (e.g., to license the work for commercial use), e-mail us .

Read the Books

The author of this site, Paul Reali, has written two books on Creative Problem Solving. Click a cover to learn more, read an excerpt, or purchase a copy.

CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

This site is for practitioners, new and experienced, of the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) process and tools.

WHAT IS CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING?

CPS is a form of deliberate creativity: a structured process for solving problems or finding opportunities, used when you want to go beyond conventional thinking and arrive at creative (novel and useful) solutions.

WHO ARE OSBORN AND PARNES?

In the 1950s, advertising executive Alex Osborn studied creative people to see how they came up with ideas and creative solutions. He called the process he observed “creative problem solving,” and documented it in his seminal book, Applied Imagination .

Osborn’s work soon caught the attention of a college professor who wanted to study and extend the work. Sidney Parnes , Ruth Noller, and their colleagues provided the academic scrutiny that confirmed that CPS works, that it can be taught, and that people can learn to improve the way they think and solve problems.

There are many processes that use the term "creative problem solving" that are not based on the work of Osborn and Parnes. Generally, when the name is written with capital letters ("Creative Problem Solving") or abbreviated "CPS," the work is based on the Osborn-Parnes model.

WHO OWNS CPS?

Unlike proprietary methodologies, no one owns CPS. Osborn put CPS into the public domain so that people could use it. He did not feel as if he owned it; everyone owned it, and anyone should be able to use it.

More than 60 years later, CPS is known and used worldwide, by hundreds of companies and professional practitioners, and thousands of individuals. Expansion and research continues. CPS is the cornerstone of the Osborn-founded Creative Education Foundation (CEF), and CEF’s annual conference, the Creative Problem Solving Institute; and CPS is at the core of the M.S. in Creativity from the International Center for Studies in Creativity at Buffalo State College.

Because no one owns CPS – it is a kind of open-source project – it has been researched and refined, extended and enhanced, for more than 60 years. The beneficiaries? Any of us who choose to use CPS today.

A WORD ABOUT TERMINOLOGY

A side effect of the continuing study and development of CPS is that the terminology - what the stages are called, primarily - can change from one model to another. These changes tend to be author/practitioner preference, and are not material changes. This site uses the terminology developed by Paul Reali of OmniSkills, with stages that are consistent with the latest thinking on CPS. (For more information, see the column to the right.)

BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, IS IT A PROCESS OR NOT?

The word "process" implies, perhaps, that CPS is performed step by step. In actual practice, it's more organic. Yes, there are times when one might step through a fuzzy situation all the way (using the OmniSkills terminology) from "Imagine the Future" to "Plan for Action." More likely, though, you will "enter the process" wherever you need to be based on where you are in your problem-solving situation.

For example, if you have a clearly-articulated vision, you might begin with Finding the Question. Or, if you already have the question (that is, a clearly defined problem), you might begin with Generating Ideas. Generally, there are conditions that should be satisfied before you attempt any stage (for example, it's not all that sensible to generate ideas for a problem you can't clarify), but you are never required to do anything except whatever you need.

READER PLEASE NOTE: this is a work in progress...

We're continuously adding to this site, so please come on back, and let us know if there's anything you need or would like to see here.

CPS Process Stages: Multiple Approcahes, One Process

The Osborn-Parnes Creative Problem Solving process, once it reached maturity, looked like this:

Objective Finding Fact Finding Data Finding Problem Finding Solution Finding Acceptance Finding

Simplex (Basadur, 1994) identifies eight steps, numbered here because one is required to do all the steps, in order, every time (a point of disagreement with many other CPS practitioners and models):

1. Problem finding 2. Fact finding 3. Problem definition 4. Idea finding 5. Evaluating and selecting 6. Action planning 7. Gaining acceptance 8. Taking action

A plain-language version (Miller, Vehar, & Firestein, 2001) expressed the stages like this:

Identify the Goal, Wish     or Challenge Gather Data Clarify the Problem Generate Ideas Select & Strengthen Solutions Plan for Action

CPS: the Thinking Skills Model (Puccio, Murdock, & Mance, 2005) is a multi-faceted rework of the model. It adds a meta-step (the first on the list) which includes management of the process, and incorporates data gathering. It identifies these process steps:

Assessing the Situation Exploring the Vision Formulating Challenges Exploring Ideas Formulating Solutions Exploring Acceptance Formulating a Plan

The Productive Thinking Model (Hurson, 2008), notably, adds setting criteria as an explicit step:

What’s going on? What’s success? What’s the question? Generate answers Forge the solution Align resources

CPS: Competencies Model (Reali, 2009; the model described on this site) is based most closely on CPS: Thinking Skills Model. It looks like this:

Facilitate Imagine the Future Find the Questions Generate Ideas Craft Solutions Explore Acceptance Plan for Action