essay on dr cv raman

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CV Raman Essay

CV Raman represented and contributed significantly to India's scientific community as he was well-versed in philosophical thought and had an exquisite attention to detail. His discovery of the Raman Effect changed the world of science and made him the first ever Indian to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Here are a few sample essays on ‘ CV Raman ’.

100 Words On Essay On CV Raman

200 words on essay on cv raman, 500 words on essay on cv raman.

Since his father taught physics and mathematics at AV Narasimha Rao College in Visakhapatnam, CV Raman was raised in an academic environment. Raman was a dedicated student. He enrolled in the Presidency College in Madras in 1902, and in 1904 he successfully completed his BA programme, earning first place and a gold medal in Physics. He received the highest honours when he earned his MA in 1907. His early studies in optics and acoustics—the two areas of study to which he devoted his whole professional life—were conducted while he was still a student. Raman's primary study was on musical instruments and acoustics, which helped him be elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924.

Early Life | C. V. Raman was born in Madras Province, India on November 7, 1888 in Thiruvanaikoil, Tiruchirappalli. His full name was Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He was the son of Parvati Ammal and R. Chandrasekhara Ver. His father taught physics and mathematics at Presidency College in Madras. His early studies in optics and acoustics were conducted while he was still a student. Raman began working for the Indian Finance Department in 1907 after finding that a scientific career did not appear to give the best opportunities at the time. Raman found opportunities to do experimental research in the lab of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences in Calcutta, despite his office duties consuming the majority of his time.

Accomplishments | The advancement of science in India was influenced by the work of Indian physicist C. V. Raman. In 1930, he became the first Indian scientist to receive the prestigious Nobel Prize in Physics. His discovery is commonly referred to as the "Raman effect" or "Raman scattering," which is the inelastic scattering of a photon. He received numerous honorary doctorates and memberships in prestigious scientific institutions. He passed away in Bangalore on November 21, 1970, at the age of 82. In India, National Science Day is observed on February 28 every year to commemorate the day that Indian scientist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman discovered the Raman phenomenon.

CV Raman was the first Indian and Asian to be awarded the Physics Nobel Prize. Most importantly, he accomplished this while India was not well-known in the scientific community.

The Raman Effect

In 1928, while researching how light refracts in different materials, he discovered that when a transparent substance is lit by a beam of light of a particular frequency, a small amount of the light exits at right angles to the original direction, some of which is of a different frequency from the incident light. The energies connected to changes in rotational and vibrational states in the scattering material were named as Raman frequencies. In short, the Raman effect, discovered by C.V. Raman, occurs when light that shines through a material is scattered and its wavelength varies from that of the original incident light due to interactions with the molecules in the substance.

Academic Contribution

Raman received his knighthood in 1929, and in 1933 he relocated to the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore to take over the physics department. He was appointed the Raman Research Institute's director there in 1947, and in 1961 he was elected a member of the Pontifical Academy of Science. He helped establish almost all Indian research institutions during his lifetime, founded the Indian Journal of Physics and the Indian Academy of Sciences, and mentored hundreds of students who went on to hold significant positions in academic institutions and government in India and Myanmar (Burma).

His Work and Achievements

After spending 15 years in Calcutta, he moved to Bangalore to work as a professor at the Indian Institute of Science (1933–1948), and in 1948 he was appointed director of the Raman Institute of Research, which he had founded and endowed. The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences appointed him as Honorary Secretary. In 1926, he also started the Indian Journal of Physics, serving as its Editor. Raman supported the creation of the Indian Academy of Sciences and presided over it. He also served as the president of the Bangalore Current Science Association. Raman had produced credible work in his discipline, and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences published his early autobiographies. These addressed the maintenance of vibrations and the theory of violin-family musical instruments. He presented a paper on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922, marking the beginning of a series of studies with his associates that eventually resulted in the discovery of the radiation effect, which bears his name. He won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. He and Suri Bhagavantam made the quantum photon spin discovery in 1932.

Raman lost consciousness in his lab at the end of October 1970. He pulled through and requested to be moved from the hospital to his institute's grounds. On November 21st, 1970, he passed away. His life served as an example of how hard work, dedication, and patience can lead to success. A new era of higher science began with him, and he set the example for others to follow.

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Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

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A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

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Transportation Planner

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Environmental Engineer

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Safety Manager

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Structural Engineer

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Highway Engineer

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Field Surveyor

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Orthotist and Prosthetist

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Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

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An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

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A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

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An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

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C. v. raman: essay on c. v. raman (760 words).

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Read this comprehensive essay on Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman (1888 A.D. – 1970 A.D.) !

The Great Indian physicist Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman, popularly known as C.V Raman, was born on 7 th November, 1888 at Trichirapalli in Tamil Nadu. His father was a physics teacher and so it was natural that Raman developed love for this subject. He was a brilliant student from the very beginning. As a brilliant and promising lad, he passed his matriculation examination at the young age of 12 from Madras University.

His parents wanted to sent him England for higher studies but his poor health did not allow it. He studied at Hindu College, Visakhapatnam and Presidency College, Madras. He obtained his post-graduation degree in physics in 1907 with the top position. During his student period he conducted many researches and published his papers in many reputed magazines.

His interest in physics was deep and lasting and so he continued his research work in his spare time in the laboratory of the Association. He published his research results in the leading journals of Calcutta, now Kolkata which were in regard to the subject of propagation of light. These original research papers were of great scientific significance.

When these came to the notice of the then Vice -Challenger of Calcutta University, Sir Ashutosh Mukharjee, he appointed him Professor of physics in the University. During his stay at the University he continued his research with much more devotion and won immense honour and recognition as a physicist.

He was elected the Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1924. He discovered the “Raman Effect” in 1928. For it he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930. He became the first Indian to win this prestigious honour. With this award, his reputation increased by leaps and bounds and many Universities and institutions of repute honoured him with Ph D and D.Sc. degrees.

In December, 1927 he was busy in laboratory when the news came that the well-known physicist A.M. Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize for demonstrating that the nature of X-rays undergoes a change when passed through a matter.

This effect came to be known as the “Compton Effect.” Encouraged by this discovery, Raman continued his experiments and ultimately proved that light rays can also be scattered. His discovery enabled for the first time, the mapping of possible levels of energy gains of molecules and atoms of a substance and thus discovered their molecules and atomic structure. This discovery of the scattering of light led to the development of a simple alternative to infra-red spectroscopy, namely, Raman Spectroscopy.

Raman Effect happens when molecules of a medium scatter light energy particles known as photons. The spectrum varies with the nature of the transparent medium used to scatter the light. Raman Effect has proved to be of great scientific value and with its help the structure of more than 200 compounds has been known. He also gave us the scientific explanation for the blue colour of the sky and the ocean.

He explained that the blue color of the ocean was as a result of the scattering of sunlight by the molecules of the water. He travelled widely abroad delivering lectures about his discoveries and researches. In 1933 he became the Director of the Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore. In 1943 he founded the Raman Research Institute at Bangalore. He was knighted in 1927. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954 and the International Lenin Prize in 1957.

Raman was a born genius and a self-made man and scientist with deep religious convictions. His interests were wide and deep and so were his contributions to the human knowledge and development. Besides optics, he was deeply interested in acoustics—the science and study of sound.

His contributions to the mechanical theory of bowed, stringed and other musical instruments like violin, sitar, cello, piano, veena, Tanpura and mridangam have been very significant. He explained in detail how these musical instruments produce harmonious tones and notes. He died on November 21, 1970 at the ripe age of 82 at Bangalore and his mortal remains were consigned to flames in the campus of the Raman Research Institute.

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Essay on CV Raman

Students are often asked to write an essay on CV Raman in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on CV Raman

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, known as CV Raman, was born on November 7, 1888, in Tamil Nadu, India. He was a brilliant student and showed a great interest in science from a young age.

Achievements

Raman is famous for his work in the field of light scattering. His discovery, known as the ‘Raman Effect’, earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Asian to receive this honor in science.

Raman’s work revolutionized our understanding of light and its interactions. His contributions to science continue to inspire students worldwide.

250 Words Essay on CV Raman

Introduction.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, widely known as C.V. Raman, was an eminent Indian physicist who made significant contributions to the field of light scattering. His groundbreaking work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Asian scientist to receive this honor.

Raman’s Early Life and Education

Born in 1888 in Tamil Nadu, India, Raman displayed an early aptitude for science. Despite societal pressures to pursue a career in the civil services, Raman followed his passion for physics. His academic journey, culminating in a Master’s degree in Physics from Presidency College, Chennai, laid the foundation for his future scientific endeavors.

The Raman Effect

Raman’s most notable work is the discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928. This phenomenon, where light changes its wavelength and color when passing through different materials, revolutionized the field of spectroscopy. It provided a new method for studying and identifying substances based on their light scattering properties, with far-reaching implications in various scientific disciplines.

Legacy and Impact

C.V. Raman’s work transcends his lifetime, with the Raman Effect becoming a cornerstone in modern physics. His legacy also lies in his role as a science communicator and educator, inspiring future generations of Indian scientists. Despite the limited resources of his time, Raman’s unyielding curiosity and dedication to science serve as a beacon for aspiring researchers worldwide.

In conclusion, C.V. Raman’s contributions to science, particularly the discovery of the Raman Effect, have had a profound and lasting impact. His life and work continue to inspire and guide the scientific community, cementing his place in the annals of scientific history.

500 Words Essay on CV Raman

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, popularly known as C.V. Raman, was an eminent physicist who left an indelible mark on the scientific landscape of India and the world. His groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering, known as the Raman Effect, earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He was the first Asian and non-white to receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of science.

Early Life and Education

C.V. Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. He was a prodigious child and completed his schooling at a very young age. Raman graduated with a gold medal in Physics from Presidency College, Madras, in 1907. Despite his keen interest in science, he initially embarked on a career in the Indian Finance Department due to the lack of opportunities in the scientific field in India at that time.

The Path to Discovery

Raman’s passion for science never waned, and he carried out scientific research in his spare time. His first research paper on diffraction of light was published in 1906. In 1917, he got an opportunity to serve as the Palit Professor of Physics at the University of Calcutta. It was during his tenure here that he made his most significant discovery.

On February 28, 1928, Raman discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This phenomenon, now known as the Raman Effect, provided the foundation for Raman spectroscopy, a tool commonly used today for identifying the molecular composition of materials. This discovery was a significant leap in the field of quantum physics.

Nobel Laureate and Later Life

Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery. He was knighted in 1929 for his contributions to science. In 1943, Raman established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, where he served as the director and remained active in research until his death in 1970.

C.V. Raman’s legacy extends beyond his scientific contributions. He was a visionary who believed in the potential of scientific research in India. His life serves as an inspiration for aspiring scientists to pursue their passion relentlessly. In India, National Science Day is celebrated on February 28, the day Raman discovered the Raman Effect, to commemorate his contributions to the field of science.

C.V. Raman’s life and work exemplify the pursuit of knowledge and the power of curiosity. His groundbreaking research in the field of light scattering changed the course of scientific research and continues to have significant implications in various scientific fields. His story is not just about his scientific achievements but also about his commitment to nurturing scientific research in India. His legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists and researchers, encouraging them to think beyond the ordinary and make extraordinary contributions to the world of science.

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• C.V. Raman: The Raman Effect

C.V. Raman and the Raman Effect

International historic chemical landmark.

Designated December 15, 1998, at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Jadavpur, Calcutta, India.

Commemorative Booklet (PDF)

"I propose this evening to speak to you on a new kind of radiation or light emission from atoms and molecules." With these prophetic words, Professor C. V. Raman of Calcutta University began his lecture to the South Indian Science Association in Bangalore on March 16, 1928. Raman proceeded to describe a discovery that resulted from a deceptively simple experiment. Conducted far from the great centers of scientific research in the Western world, the results would capture the attention of scientists around the world and bring many accolades, including the Nobel Prize, to their discoverer.

Raman’s Fascination with Light Scattering

Raman measures the effect of light scattering, raman effect as the physicist’s tool.

• Raman Effect as the Chemist’s Tool

The Laser and Raman Spectroscopy

Biography of sir c.v. raman, further reading, landmark designation and acknowledgments, cite this page.

Educated entirely in India, C.V. Raman made his first trip to London in 1921, where his reputation in the study of optics and especially acoustics was already known to the English physicists J. J. Thomson and Lord Rutherford, who gave him a warm reception. Raman's specialty had been the study of the vibrations and sounds of stringed instruments such as the violin, the Indian veena and tambura, and two uniquely Indian percussion instruments, the tabla and the mridangam.

But it was the return trip from London to Bombay aboard the SS Narkunda that would change forever the direction of Raman's future. During the fifteen-day voyage, his restless and probing mind became fascinated with the deep blue color of the Mediterranean. Unable to accept Lord Rayleigh's explanation that the color of the sea was just a reflection of the color of the sky, Raman proceeded to outline his thoughts on the matter while still at sea and sent a letter to the editors of the journal Nature when the ship docked in Bombay.

A short time later Raman was able to show conclusively that the color of the sea was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the water molecules. Ironically, it was exactly the same argument that Rayleigh had invoked when explaining the color of the sky — the blue was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the molecules in the air.

Raman was now obsessed with the phenomenon of light scattering. His group in Calcutta began an extensive series of measurements of light scattered primarily by liquids but also by some solids. As a result, Raman was able to explain the blue color observed in the ice of Alpine glaciers.

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Analysis of light scattered by a liquid is not an easy task, and much of the early work in Calcutta was done by the visual observation of color rather than precise measurements of the light's wavelength as shown in Figure 1 at right. The fundamentals of Raman's crucial experiment are outlined in Figure 2.

The violet light of the solar spectrum is isolated with a violet filter and passed through the liquid sample. Most of the light emerging from the liquid sample is the same color as the incident violet beam: the so-called Rayleigh scattered light. However, Raman and K. S. Krishnan were able to show that some of the scattered light was a different color, which they could isolate by using a green filter placed between the observer and the sample. The advantage of using a visual observation is that several substances can be studied quickly. In his first report to Nature , titled "A New Type of Secondary Radiation," Raman indicated that approximately 60 different liquids had been studied, and all showed the same result — some scattered light had a different color than the incident light. "It is thus," Raman said, "a phenomenon whose universal nature has to be recognized."

The Raman Effect is a very weak effect; only one in a million of the scattered light particles, or photons, actually exhibits the change in wavelength. This explains, in part, why the effect was not discovered earlier. In all of the early light-scattering studies, the excitation source was sunlight, which Raman has described as being plentiful in Calcutta, but it still lacked the desired intensity. The acquisition in 1927 by the IACS of a seven-inch (18 cm) refracting telescope enabled Raman to condense the sunlight and create a more powerful light source for his studies. By early 1928, mercury arc lamps were commercially available, and he switched to this even more intense light source.

Raman knew that visual and qualitative observations alone would not be sufficient information. He methodically set out to measure the exact wavelengths of the incident and Raman scattering by replacing the observer with a pocket spectroscope. He ultimately replaced it with a quartz spectrograph with which he could photograph the spectrum of the scattered light and measure its wavelength. These quantitative results were first published in the Indian Journal of Physics on March 31, 1928.

The significance of the Raman Effect was recognized quickly by other scientists. Professor R. W. Wood of Johns Hopkins cabled Nature to report that he had verified Raman's "brilliant and surprising discovery ... in every particular. It appears to me that this very beautiful discovery which resulted from Raman's long and patient study of the phenomenon of light scattering is one of the most convincing proofs of the quantum theory."

Raman had also recognized that his discovery was important to the debate in physics over the new quantum theory, because an explanation of the new radiation required the use of photons and their change in energy as they interacted with the atoms in a particular molecule. Raman also knew that there was a more important result, remarking in his 1930 Nobel Prize address that "... the character of the scattered radiations enables us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering substance."

In the first seven years after its discovery, the Raman Effect was the subject of more than 700 papers in the scientific literature, mostly by physicists who were using the technique to study the vibration and rotation of molecules and relating those phenomena to the molecular structure. Then, as noted by Raman biographer G. Venkataraman, there was a decline in interest, as "the first bloom of novelty had worn off and physicists were satisfied that they understood the origin of the effect." At the same time, chemists became interested in the Raman Effect as an analytical tool. In James Hibben's words, "The Raman Effect became the adopted child of chemistry."

Raman Effect as a Chemist’s Tool

By the late 1930s the Raman Effect had become the principal method of nondestructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds. The unique spectrum of Raman scattered light for any particular substance served as a "fingerprint" that could be used for qualitative analysis, even in a mixture of materials. Further, the intensity of the spectral lines was related to the amount of the substance. Raman spectroscopy could be applied not only to liquids but also to gases and solids. And unlike many other analytical methods, it could be applied easily to the analysis of aqueous solutions. It was a ubiquitous technique, giving information on what and how much was present in a plethora of samples.

The use of Raman spectroscopy as a basic analytical tool changed sharply after World War II. During the war, infrared spectroscopy was enhanced by the development of sensitive detectors and advances in electronics. Infrared measurements quickly became routine operations, while Raman measurements still required skilled operators and darkroom facilities.

Raman spectroscopy could no longer compete with infrared until another development in physics — the laser — revived Raman spectroscopy in a new form beginning in the 1960s.

Raman understood the need for more intense light sources to amplify the effect and observation of the scattered light. The laser provided an even more intense source of light that not only could serve as a probe exploring the properties of the molecule but could also induce dramatically new effects.

With the development of the Fourier transform (FT) technique and the application of computers for data handling, commercial FT-Raman spectrometers became available in the late 1980s, resulting in resurgence in the use of the original Raman Effect.

The new Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor manufacturing processes in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Illegal drugs captured at a crime scene can be analyzed rapidly without breaking the evidence seal on the plastic bag. Chemists can watch paint dry and understand what reactions are occurring as the paint hardens. Using a fiber-optic probe, they can analyze nuclear waste material from a safe distance. Photochemists and photobiologists are using laser Raman techniques to record the spectra of transient chemical species with lifetimes as small as 10 -11 seconds. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is used for studying surfaces and reactions on surfaces. And, according to Kathy Kincade, Raman spectroscopy "has the ability to provide specific biochemical information that may foreshadow the onset of cancer and other life-threatening illnesses."

In his 1928 talk in Bangalore, Raman concluded, "We are obviously only at the fringe of a fascinating new region of experimental research which promises to throw light on diverse problems relating to radiation and wave theory, X-ray optics, atomic and molecular spectra, fluorescence and scattering, thermodynamics, and chemistry. It all remains to be worked out."

Seventy years later scientists are still actively working out the results and practical applications of Raman's deceptively simple experiment.

According to Hindu tradition, Raman was originally named Venkataraman after a Hindu deity, preceded by the initial of his father's first name, Chandrasekhara. In school his name was split to C. Venkata Raman, which later became C.V. Raman. With a father who was a professor of physics and mathematics and a mother who came from a family of Sanskrit scholars, Raman exhibited a precocious nature at an early age. He received a B.A. degree from Presidency College in Madras at the age of 16, placing first in his class and receiving a gold medal in physics.

While studying for his M.A. degree, he published his first research paper in Philosophical Magazine at the age of 18. It was the first research paper ever published from Presidency College.

Because of poor health, he was unable to go to England for further education. With nothing else available in India, in 1907 he passed the Financial Civil Service exam, married, and was posted to Calcutta as assistant accountant general.

Shortly after arriving in Calcutta, Raman began after-hours research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS). In the first 10 years, working almost alone, he published 27 research papers and led the way for the IACS to become recognized as a vibrant research institute. Much of this early work was on the theory of vibrations as it related to musical instruments. After brief postings in Rangoon and Nagpur, he returned to Calcutta, took up residence next door to the IACS, and constructed a door that led directly into the institute, giving him access at any time. He received research prizes in 1912 and 1913 while he was still a full-time civil servant. He also increased the IACS reputation with his extensive lectures in popular science, holding the audience spellbound with his booming voice, lively demonstrations, superb diction and rich humor.

At the age of 29 he resigned from his lucrative civil service job when Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, vice-chancellor, Calcutta University, offered him the Palit Chair Professorship. He continued to lecture even though it was not required, and he used the IACS as the research arm of the university. By the time of his first visit to England in 1921, his reputation in physics was well known. Three years later he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society — only the fourth Indian so honored. That same year he toured the United States, spending four months at the California Institute of Technology through the invitation of Nobel Laureate Robert Millikan.

After discovering the Raman Effect in 1928, he was knighted by the British government in India and received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1930. Three years later, Raman left Calcutta for Bangalore, where he served as head of the Indian Institute of Science. There he continued his work on the Raman Effect and became interested in the structure of crystals, especially diamond. In 1934 he founded the Indian Academy of Science and began the publication of its Proceedings .

In 1948 he became director of the newly constructed Raman Research Institute, where he remained continually active, delivering his last lecture just two weeks before his death. His research interests changed in later years when he primarily investigated the perception of color.

Jagdish Mehra, a biographer, states, "Educated entirely in India, Raman did outstanding work at a time when the small Indian community worked almost entirely in isolation and few made science a career. In fostering Indian science, Raman emerged as one of the heroes of the Indian political and cultural renaissance, along with ... Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru." But as Raman himself once said, outstanding investigators "are claimed as nationals by one or another of many different countries. Yet in the truest sense they belong to the whole world."

• Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
• Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (nobelprize.org)

Landmark Designation

The American Chemical Society and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science dedicated The Raman Effect an International Historic Chemical Landmark on December 15, 1998 at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Jadavpur, Calcutta, India. The plaque commemorating the event reads:

At this institute, Sir C. V. Raman discovered in 1928 that when a beam of coloured light entered a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered by that liquid was of a different color. Raman showed that the nature of this scattered light was dependent on the type of sample present. Other scientists quickly understood the significance of this phenomenon as an analytical and research tool and called it the Raman Effect. This method became even more valuable with the advent of modern computers and lasers. Its current uses range from the non-destructive identification of minerals to the early detection of life-threatening diseases. For his discovery Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1930.

Acknowledgments

Adapted for the internet from "The Raman Effect,” produced by the National Historic Chemical Landmarks program of the American Chemical Society in 1998.

American Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks. The Raman Effect. http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ramaneffect.html (accessed Month Day, Year).

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C. V. Raman

By Anna Demming

Chronicle / Alamy

Talented and ambitious from the first, for Indian physicist C. V. Raman, winning the Nobel prize for physics was not so much a distant aspiration as a career plan. He was the first person of colour and the first Asian to receive the award, following the discovery of a light scattering effect that has since become a key characterisation tool in materials science.

Physics and academia ran in Raman’s family, where he was one of eight siblings. His father was a teacher at the local high school, later moving his family to Andhra Pradesh, where he took on a position in the faculty of physics at Mrs A.V. Narasimha Rao College. Raman’s nephew Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar also showed a flair for physics, culminating in the Nobel prize in physics in 1983.

Raman’s own proficiency in physics was recognised early on. He graduated with a BA from the Presidency College at the University of Madras in 1904 aged 16, winning gold medals in both physics and English. He published his first scientific paper as a graduate student aged 18 on “Unsymmetrical diffraction-bands due to a rectangular aperture” in the British journal Philosophical Magazine in 1906.

However, health concerns caused him to forgo the chance to pursue his research in England, and he took a post as an accountant in the Indian Finance Service in Calcutta instead.

In Calcutta, he befriended Asutosh Dey and Amrita Lal Sircar, founder and secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, and Ashutosh Mukherjee, executive member of the institute and vice chancellor of the University of Calcutta. These connections provided access to the necessary resources to continue his research in his spare time.

Despite not having formally been awarded a PhD, he began acquiring research students from the University of Calcutta in 1915, and soon after from several other institutions. He finally took a full professorship at the University of Calcutta in 1917.

Although deferred, Raman did make a trip to England, where he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924 and knighted by the British in 1930. He later joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore as its first Indian director in 1933, and founded the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1934, also publishing the academy’s proceedings.

He was appointed the first National Professor by the new government following India’s independence in 1947 and founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore a year later, working there until the day he died in 1970.

Discovery of the Raman effect

Some of his early work centred around music and acoustics, which, in many ways, laid the path for him to later uncover some of the mechanisms behind light-based phenomena. The first of his more famous breakthroughs came during a trip to England when he was admiring the deep blue of the Mediterranean.

Through subsequent experiments, he was able to counter the prevailing explanation at the time: that the sea’s colour was merely a reflection of the sky, an explanation offered by Lord Rayleigh, whose discoveries had explained why the sky is blue. Instead, reporting in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London in 1922 , Raman explained that “molecular diffraction determines the observed luminosity and in great measure also its colour”.

From there followed his discovery of the Raman effect. It was actually his new research associate Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan who observed an additional scattering line in light scattered by certain liquids, which Raman first described as “feeble fluorescence”.

He then devised an early spectrograph to measure and photograph the intensity of light at different wavelengths, and was eventually able to conclude that “when matter is excited by light of one colour, the atoms contained in it emit light of two colours, one of which is different from the exciting colour and is lower down the spectrum”.

This “ Raman scattering ” is now understood to be caused primarily by molecular vibrations where the chemical bonds stretch and bend in a quantised fashion. Rotations of gas molecules and, in the case of incident light at X-ray frequencies, changes in electron energy can also contribute to Raman scattering.

Essentially, as the incident light bounces off the molecule, it either gives it energy to vibrate (Raman Stokes scattering) or takes energy from its vibrations (anti-Stokes) so that the scattered light has a component with a different frequency and direction. Because molecules can only vibrate in very specific ways, this scattering has a very characteristic spectrum, which describes the intensity of the light at different wavelengths.

In fact, materials scientists often liken it to a fingerprint. Raman signals are typically weak, but enhancement techniques using resonant structures and lightning rod type effects have made it easier to exploit for identifying materials.

Becoming a Nobel laureate

Never one to undersell his achievements, Raman was sure the discovery merited a Nobel prize, and was consequently a little miffed when the prize was awarded elsewhere in both 1928 and 1929. However, the following year he was so confident he would win, he booked tickets to attend the ceremony in July, four months before the award was announced. As it turns out his money wasn’t wasted. Raman was awarded the 1930 Nobel prize in physics “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him”.

The award wasn’t without controversy as it was awarded to him alone, despite the contributions by his research associate Krishnan, as well as independent discoveries of the same effect by Russian physicists Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam at Moscow University.

A further controversy unfolded over a long upheld dispute with the German physicist Max Born over the vibration spectrum of diamond, an argument where posterity has found him in the wrong. Nonetheless, he made many significant contributions to physics, and the institutions he founded and helped establish have been integral in putting India on the map in physics . National Science Day is celebrated on 28 February each year in India to mark the discovery of Raman scattering.

Full name : Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Born : 7 November 1888, Tiruchirappalli, southern India

Died : 21 November 1970, Bangalore, aged 82

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was an Indian physicist famous for contributions to the physics of light for which he won the Nobel prize in physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect.

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National Science Day: The Raman Effect, which CV Raman won the Nobel for

In 1986, the government of india designated february 28 as national science day, to commemorate the announcement of the discovery of the “raman effect”. here is more about cv raman and his groundbreaking discovery..

In 1986, the Government of India, under then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, designated February 28 as National Science Day to commemorate the announcement of the discovery of the “Raman Effect”.

This was the discovery which won physicist Sir CV Raman his Nobel Prize in 1930. Conducting a deceptively simple experiment, Raman discovered that when a stream of light passes through a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered by the liquid is of a different colour. This discovery was immediately recognised as groundbreaking in the scientific community, being the subject of over 700 papers in the first seven years after its announcement.

What is the “Raman Effect”? Why is it so important? Most importantly, who was the man behind this momentous discovery?

A young prodigy conducting after-hours research

Raman was born to a family of Sanskrit scholars in Trichy (present-day Tiruchirapalli) in the Madras Presidency in 1888. At the age of only 16, He received a BA degree from Presidency College in Madras, and was placed first in his class. While studying for his MA degree, at the age of 18, he got published in the Philosophical Magazine: this was the first research paper ever published by Presidency College.

Due to his ill health, he was unable to travel abroad for further education. Thus, in 1907, he got married and settled down in Calcutta as an assistant accountant general. While still a full-time civil servant, Raman began after-hours research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS). Raman raised the profile of IACS, doing some award-winning research as well as conducting public demonstrations with charisma. At the age of 29, he finally resigned from his civil services job and took up a professorship in Presidency College, Calcutta.

A voyage across the ocean leads to interest in the scattering of light

By 1921, CV Raman had gained a solid reputation as a top scientific mind both in India and in the West. That year, he made his first journey to England. It was on the return journey that Raman would make an observation that would change his life and science forever.

While passing through the Mediterranean Sea, Raman was most fascinated by the sea’s deep blue colour. Dissatisfied with the then-accepted answer (“the colour of the sea was just a reflection of the colour of the sky”), his curious mind delved deeper.

He soon found out that the colour of the sea was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the water molecules. Fascinated by the phenomenon of light-scattering, Raman and his collaborators in Calcutta began to conduct extensive scientific experiments on the matter – experiments that would eventually lead to his eponymous discovery.

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The Raman Effect

Simply put, the Raman Effect refers to the phenomenon in which when a stream of light passes through a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered by the liquid is of a different colour. This happens due to the change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules.

In general, when light interacts with an object, it can either be reflected, refracted or transmitted. One of the things that scientists look at when light is scattered is if the particle it interacts with is able to change its energy. The Raman Effect is when the change in the energy of the light is affected by the vibrations of the molecule or material under observation, leading to a change in its wavelength.

In their first report to Nature, titled “A New Type of Secondary Radiation,” CV Raman and co-author KS Krishnan wrote that 60 different liquids had been studied, and all showed the same result – a tiny fraction of scattered light had a different colour than the incident light. “It is thus,” Raman said, “a phenomenon whose universal nature has to be recognised.”

Raman would go on to verify these observations using a spectroscope, publishing the quantitative findings in the Indian Journal of Physics on March 31, 1928.

The importance of the discovery

CV Raman’s discovery took the world by storm as it had deep implications far beyond Raman’s original intentions. As Raman himself remarked in his 1930 Nobel Prize speech, “The character of the scattered radiations enables us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering substance.” For quantum theory, in vogue in the scientific world at the time, Raman’s discovery was crucial.

The discovery would also find its use in chemistry, giving birth to a new field known as Raman spectroscopy as a basic analytical tool to conduct nondestructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds. With the invention of lasers and the capabilities to concentrate much stronger beams of light, the uses of Raman spectroscopy have only ballooned over time.

Today, this method has a wide variety of applications, from studying art and other objects of cultural importance in a non-invasive fashion to finding drugs hidden inside luggage at customs.

This is an updated version of an explainer first published last year.

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Essay On C V Raman – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay For Children & Students

Key Points to Remember When Writing an Essay on C V Raman

10 lines on c v raman, a paragraph on c v raman, short essay on c v raman, long essay on c v raman for kids, what will your child learn from the essay on c v raman.

Writing an essay is like setting on a journey of discovery, especially for school kids. It’s a wonderful way to explore new ideas, express thoughts, and learn about remarkable personalities who have shaped our world. Today, we’ll delve into an essay on CV Raman in English, a topic that not only educates but also inspires young minds. C V Raman, a name synonymous with brilliance in the field of science, has been a source of fascination and inspiration for students across the globe. Writing an essay for school kids on such a luminary not only enhances their knowledge but also kindles a spark of curiosity and admiration for the wonders of science and the people behind these discoveries. So, let’s begin our delightful journey through the life and accomplishments of Sir C V Raman, a Nobel laureate whose work continues to illuminate the world of physics.

Writing an essay on a distinguished personality like Sir C V Raman can be an enlightening experience. It’s crucial to present information in a way that’s both informative and captivating, especially for young minds. Here are some key points to keep in mind to make your essay on CV Raman engaging and informative:

• Understand the Subject: Before you begin writing, make sure you have a good grasp of who C V Raman was. Research his life, his discoveries, and why he is such a significant figure in science.
• Structure Your Essay: Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should set the tone and give a brief overview of CV Raman. The body should cover his life, achievements, and contributions in detail, while the conclusion should summarize his impact and legacy.
• Use Simple Language: Remember, your audience is primarily school children. Use simple, easy-to-understand language.
• Incorporate Interesting Facts: To make your essay more engaging, include interesting facts about CV Raman’s life and discoveries. This could be anecdotes about his experiments or lesser-known facts about his personal life.
• Explain Scientific Concepts Clearly: If you discuss the Raman Effect or other scientific concepts, explain them in a way that is easy for children to understand. Use analogies or simple examples.
• Highlight His Achievements: Discuss the awards and recognitions received by CV Raman, including the Nobel Prize in Physics, to inspire and motivate young readers.
• Mention His Legacy: Conclude by talking about how CV Raman’s work continues to influence modern science. This could include his impact on research or how he inspires current scientists .
• Proofread and Edit: Ensure your essay is free from grammatical errors and is well-edited. A well-written essay is more engaging and easier to understand.
• Add Personal Reflections: If possible, include personal reflections or thoughts on how CV Raman’s work or character inspires you. This adds a personal touch to your essay, making it more relatable for young readers.

Exploring the life of a great scientist can be both educational and exciting, especially for younger students. In our 10 lines about CV Raman, we aim to capture the essence of his achievements in a concise yet engaging way. This section is particularly tailored as an essay for lower primary classes, offering a simple yet informative glimpse into the life of this renowned physicist.

• C V Raman was a renowned Indian physicist, born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirapalli, India.
• He showed an early interest in science and was a brilliant student throughout his academic career.
• Raman completed his college education at a very young age and started his research in the field of physics.
• He is most famous for his groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering, known as the ‘Raman Effect’.
• For his discovery of the Raman Effect, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
• His work helped scientists understand more about how light interacts with matter.
• Apart from the Nobel Prize, he received numerous other awards and honors for his contributions to science.
• Raman was also a professor and mentor, inspiring many young scientists in India and abroad.
• He founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, where he continued his research until his death.
• C V Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, but his legacy continues to inspire scientists and students around the world.

Delving into the lives of eminent scientists not only enriches our knowledge but also inspires us. In this section, we’ll craft an essay in 100 words about Sir C V Raman, focusing on his major contributions and the impact he had on the world of science. This succinct paragraph aims to capture the essence of Raman’s life, making it an ideal read for anyone looking to understand his significance in a brief yet comprehensive manner.

Sir C V Raman, an Indian physicist and Nobel laureate, was a pioneering figure in the world of science. Born in 1888, he displayed exceptional academic brilliance from a young age. His most notable contribution, the ‘Raman Effect’, which he discovered in 1928, revolutionized the understanding of light and matter interaction. This groundbreaking discovery earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Asian to receive this honor in the field of science. Raman was not only a scientist but also an educator, inspiring many through his teachings and research. His legacy continues to influence contemporary physics, making him a towering figure in scientific history. His life and work remain a source of inspiration for aspiring scientists worldwide, illustrating the power of curiosity and perseverance.

Exploring the achievements of great scientists is not only informative but also deeply inspiring. In this short essay in 200 words, we aim to shed light on the life and legacy of Sir C V Raman, an extraordinary physicist whose discoveries have left an indelible mark on science. This concise essay is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of his life’s work and its significance.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, more commonly known as C V Raman, was a figure who revolutionized the understanding of light and its behavior. Born in 1888 in the then British India, Raman displayed an early passion for science, leading him to a career that would be marked by extraordinary achievements. His most significant contribution came in the form of the ‘Raman Effect’, a phenomenon in light scattering that he discovered in 1928. This discovery not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, but it also put India on the global map of scientific research.

Raman’s work extended beyond just theoretical physics; he was deeply involved in practical research and teaching. He founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, where he nurtured future generations of scientists. His passion for science was contagious, inspiring many young minds to pursue careers in research. Raman’s legacy is not limited to his scientific contributions; he left behind a legacy of curiosity, dedication, and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. His life story is a testament to the power of perseverance and passion in achieving greatness. As we reflect on his contributions, Raman’s story continues to inspire and motivate scientists and students alike, making him an enduring figure in the annals of scientific history.

Exploring the life of a legendary scientist like Sir C V Raman is an exciting adventure into the world of discovery and innovation. This long essay, spanning 400-600 words, is specifically crafted for kids to understand and appreciate the extraordinary journey of C V Raman. From his early years to his groundbreaking discoveries and notable achievements, this essay provides a comprehensive look into the life of a man who changed the way we understand light.

Early Life and Education

C V Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. From a young age, Raman exhibited a deep interest in science and an exceptional intellectual capacity. He breezed through his schooling, often topping his class and showing a particular fondness for physics and mathematics. His academic brilliance led him to Presidency College, Madras, where he completed his degree in physics at the age of 16. Despite the lack of advanced scientific facilities in India at the time, Raman’s passion for physics didn’t wane. He initially took a job in the Indian Finance Department but continued to engage in scientific research in his free time, demonstrating his unwavering dedication to science.

Greatest Discoveries

The most significant of C V Raman’s discoveries was undoubtedly the ‘Raman Effect’. This phenomenon, discovered in 1928, dealt with the scattering of light and revealed new insights into the nature of light. Raman discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This discovery was groundbreaking as it provided a new tool for analyzing the molecular structure of materials. The ‘Raman Effect’ has since become a fundamental principle in the field of spectroscopy, impacting various scientific disciplines.

Achievements of C V Raman

The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to him in 1930 for his groundbreaking discovery of the Raman Effect, marking him as the inaugural Asian laureate in the field of science. But his accolades don’t stop there. In 1954, Raman received the Bharat Ratna, the most prestigious civilian honor in India. He also received knighthood in 1929. Beyond these honors, Raman’s greatest achievement was perhaps his role in enhancing scientific research in India. He established the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Raman Research Institute, which became hubs for scientific study and research in India, nurturing numerous young scientists and making significant contributions to the field of physics.

C V Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, at the age of 82. His death marked the end of an era in Indian science. However, his legacy continues to live on through his discoveries, his contributions to scientific institutions, and the inspiration he provides to generations of scientists. Raman’s life story is not just about scientific discovery; it is a story of perseverance, passion, and an unquenchable thirst for knowledge. His journey from a curious child to a Nobel laureate serves as an inspiration to children and adults alike, reminding us that with dedication and hard work, anyone can reach the stars.

Through this essay, kids can learn not only about the scientific achievements of C V Raman but also about the qualities that make a great scientist. His story teaches us the importance of curiosity, persistence, and the desire to explore the unknown. C V Raman’s life is a beacon of inspiration, encouraging young minds to dream big and pursue their passions with determination.

Through the essay on C V Raman, children will embark on an inspiring journey that transcends mere facts and dates. In this brief summary of CV Raman’s life, readers will discover the significance of persistence, the impact of curiosity, and the transformative potential of an individual’s unwavering commitment to scientific exploration, resulting in revolutionary breakthroughs with global implications. This essay not only educates young minds about a legendary scientist but also instills values of hard work, passion, and the endless possibilities that come with pursuing one’s dreams.

1. How to explain Raman Effects to your child?

The Raman Effect can be explained to children as a special way light behaves, changing slightly when it passes through different materials, like a secret code that tells us what the material is made of.

2. How to use Raman Effects in day-to-day life? 

Raman Effect is used in everyday life mainly through technologies in devices like barcode scanners and in scientific research to understand the composition of materials.

The essay on C V Raman offers a comprehensive insight into the life of a pioneering scientist, blending scientific achievements with valuable life lessons. It serves as a source of inspiration for children, highlighting the importance of curiosity, perseverance, and the pursuit of knowledge. Through this exploration, young minds are encouraged to dream big and understand the impact one individual can have on the world through dedication and passion for science.

References:

1. Singh. R, C. V. Raman and the Discovery of the Raman Effect (Physics in Perspective); Research Gate; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226927241_C_V_Raman_and_the_Discovery_of_the_Raman_Effect ; December 2002

2. C.V. Raman and the Raman Effect; American Chemical Society; https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ramaneffect.html

3. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, 1888-1970 – Journals; Royal Society; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbm.1971.0022

4. Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Biographical; The Nobel Prize; https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1930/raman/biographical/

5. Jayaraman. A; Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman; Indian Academy of Sciences; https://www.ias.ac.in/public/Resources/Other_Publications/e-Publications/003/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman.pdf

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Sir CV Raman Biography, Awarded Nobel Prize in Physics for Raman Effect

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, known as CV Raman, was an eminent Indian physicist who earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Check here Sir CV Raman Biography in detail.

Table of Contents

Sir CV Raman Biography

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, commonly known as CV Raman, was an eminent Indian physicist whose groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Raman’s contributions not only significantly advanced the understanding of light and its interaction with matter but also paved the way for modern spectroscopy techniques. His life and work remain an inspiration to scientists worldwide, particularly in India.

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Sir CV Raman Biography Overview

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Sir CV Raman’s Early Life and Education

C.V. Raman was born into a Tamil Brahmin family. His father, Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer, was a lecturer in mathematics and physics. From a young age, Raman showed a keen interest in science and mathematics, often conducting experiments at home. He attended local schools in Tiruchirappalli before enrolling at the prestigious Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai) for his undergraduate studies. After completing his Bachelor’s degree, he pursued a master’s degree in physics, graduating in 1907 with top honors.

Career and Contributions of Sir CV Raman in Science

Following his education, Raman began his career as a government servant but soon transitioned to academic research. He joined the Indian Finance Department as an assistant accountant general in Calcutta (now Kolkata) but continued his scientific pursuits in his spare time. In 1917, he took up a position as a professor of physics at the University of Calcutta, where he conducted the research that would later earn him the Nobel Prize.

Raman’s most significant contribution to science came in 1928 when he discovered what is now known as the “ Raman Effect .” While studying the scattering of light in various substances, he observed that when light interacts with molecules, it undergoes a slight change in wavelength. This phenomenon, later named after him, provided crucial insights into the behaviour of light and the molecular structure of materials. The discovery of the Raman Effect revolutionized spectroscopy, allowing scientists to study the vibrational and rotational modes of molecules with unprecedented precision.

In addition to his work on light scattering, Raman made significant contributions to various other areas of physics, including acoustics, magnetism, and optics. He published numerous papers throughout his career, establishing himself as one of the leading scientists of his time. In 1934, he founded the Indian Academy of Sciences and served as its president for several years, further promoting scientific research and education in India.

Awards Honoured to Sir CV Raman

Honourable works of sir c v raman, legacy and honors of cv raman.

C.V. Raman’s contributions to science were widely recognized during his lifetime. In addition to the Nobel Prize in Physics, he received numerous awards and honors from scientific societies and governments around the world. He was knighted by the British government in 1929, becoming the first Indian to receive a knighthood in the field of science.

Beyond his scientific achievements, Raman was also a passionate advocate for science education and research in India. He believed in the importance of nurturing young talent and established several research institutes and laboratories to support scientific endeavors in the country.

Check here: Nobel Prize in Physics 2023

Sir C.V. Raman’s life and work exemplify the spirit of scientific inquiry and discovery. His groundbreaking discoveries in the field of light scattering have had a profound impact on various branches of science and continue to inspire researchers today. As a pioneer of Indian science, Raman’s legacy serves as a reminder of the potential for excellence and innovation within the scientific community. His contributions will be remembered for generations to come, cementing his place as one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century.

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Sir CV Raman Biography FAQs

What did sir cv raman discover.

In 1928 Venkata Raman discovered that a small portion of the scattered light acquires other wavelengths than that of the original light.

Who did C.V. Raman marry?

Lokasundari Ammal

Did C.V. Raman got Nobel Prize?

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was an Indian physicist who won the 1930 Nobel prize for physics for his work on light scattering, known as the Raman effect.

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CV Raman: The Visionary Scientist

Last updated on March 11, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, more commonly known as CV Raman, was a pioneering Indian physicist whose work in the field of light scattering earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics. Read here to learn more about his life.

National Science Day is celebrated in India on February 28th every year since 1986 to mark the discovery of the Raman Effect by Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman on this day in 1928.

This celebration not only commemorates Raman’s groundbreaking discovery, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 but also aims to spread the message of the importance of science and its application in the daily life of the people.

Table of Contents

The early life of CV Raman

Born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Raman displayed a prodigious intellect from an early age, finishing his secondary education by the age of 11.

He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Presidency College, Madras, in 1904, and subsequently completed his Master’s in Physics in 1907.

• Despite beginning his career in the Indian Finance Department as a civil servant, Raman’s passion for science never waned.
• He conducted research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata during his spare time, which led to significant discoveries in acoustics and optics.

CV Raman made his first trip to London in 1921, where his reputation in the study of optics and especially acoustics was already known to the English physicists J. J. Thomson and Lord Rutherford.

• Raman’s specialty had been the study of the vibrations and sounds of stringed instruments such as the violin, the Indian veena, and tambura, and two uniquely Indian percussion instruments, the tabla, and the mridangam.

But it was the return trip from London to Bombay aboard the SS Narkunda that would change forever the direction of Raman’s future.

• During the fifteen-day voyage, his restless and probing mind became fascinated with the deep blue color of the Mediterranean.
• Unable to accept Lord Rayleigh’s explanation that the color of the sea was just a reflection of the color of the sky, Raman proceeded to outline his thoughts on the matter while still at sea and sent a letter to the editors of the journal Nature when the ship docked in Bombay.

A short time later Raman was able to show conclusively that the color of the sea was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the water molecules.

• Ironically, it was the same argument that Rayleigh had invoked when explaining the color of the sky – the blue was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the molecules in the air.

Also read: Indian Scientists: From Ancient to Modern Era

Nobel Prize and the Raman Effect

CV Raman’s most celebrated discovery, the Raman Effect, came in 1928. It demonstrated that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength and amplitude.

• This discovery was groundbreaking because it confirmed the quantum nature of light and was the first strong evidence of the quantum behavior of molecules.
• Raman used a simple apparatus to show that when light passes through a transparent substance, it scatters, and the scattered light contains frequencies not present in the original light, a phenomenon that could not be explained by classical physics.

For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, becoming the first Asian and the first non-white to receive a Nobel Prize in the sciences.

What is the Raman effect?

The Raman Effect occurs when light interacts with the molecules of a material, causing a change in the energy and wavelength of the scattered light.

• When monochromatic light (light of a single wavelength, usually from a laser) is directed at a material, most of the light scatters elastically (Rayleigh scattering), meaning it retains its original energy and wavelength.
• However, a small fraction of the light (approximately 1 in 10 million photons) scatters inelastically, either gaining or losing energy in the process. This inelastic scattering is the Raman Effect.

Stokes and Anti-Stokes Scattering

The energy change in the scattered light corresponds to the vibrational energies of the molecules in the material.

• If the scattered light loses energy (shifts to a longer wavelength), it is called Stokes scattering.
• Conversely, if the scattered light gains energy (shifts to a shorter wavelength), it is called Anti-Stokes scattering.
• The difference in energy between the incident and scattered light directly relates to the vibrational energy levels of the molecules in the sample.

The discovery of the Raman Effect was a milestone in experimental physics and quantum theory.

• It provided the first experimental evidence of the quantum nature of light and molecules, supporting the theoretical predictions of quantum mechanics.
• The Raman Effect showed that light-matter interactions could result in the exchange of energy, leading to a deeper understanding of molecular energy levels and the electromagnetic spectrum.

Application of Raman effect

In the first seven years after its discovery, the Raman Effect was the subject of more than 700 papers in the scientific literature, mostly by physicists who were using the technique to study the vibration and rotation of molecules and relating those phenomena to the molecular structure.

By the late 1930s, the Raman Effect had become the principal method of non-destructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds.

• The unique spectrum of Raman scattered light for any particular substance served as a “fingerprint” that could be used for qualitative analysis, even in a mixture of materials.
• Raman spectroscopy could be applied not only to liquids but also to gases and solids.
• The use of Raman spectroscopy as a basic analytical tool changed sharply after World War II.
• During the war, infrared spectroscopy was enhanced by the development of sensitive detectors and advances in electronics.

Other applications:

• Material Science : It helps in characterizing materials, understanding their structure, and studying phase transitions.
• Biological Studies : Raman spectroscopy is used in the medical field to diagnose diseases, analyze biochemical changes in cells, and study drug interactions at the molecular level.
• Pharmaceuticals : It assists in drug development and quality control by identifying the molecular composition and crystalline forms of drugs.
• Environmental Science : It is employed in detecting pollutants and analyzing environmental changes.

Academic and Research Contributions

After his Nobel win, Raman’s reputation and influence grew. He served as the director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore from 1933 to 1937.

He established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore in 1948, where he worked until he died in 1970.

He also founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926, of which he is the Editor. Raman sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and has served as President since its inception.

His research at these institutions spanned various domains of physics, including crystal dynamics, musical instruments, and the properties of diamonds.

Raman’s legacy is not just in his scientific discoveries but also in his role as a leader in Indian science. He was instrumental in promoting scientific research in India, inspiring generations of scientists.

Despite facing several challenges, including limited resources and recognition from the global scientific community initially, Raman’s perseverance and dedication to science shone brightly. His work laid the groundwork for numerous scientific advancements, including the study of molecular energy levels, chemical analysis techniques, and even the investigation of quantum mechanics.

Sir CV Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, leaving behind a rich legacy of scientific inquiry and discovery. His life and work continue to inspire scientists around the world, underscoring the importance of curiosity, perseverance, and the relentless pursuit of knowledge.

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Prof C V Raman: Against The Tide

• AUTHOR Madhuri Katti
• PUBLISHED 24 August 2019

Far from the teeming crowds in Bengaluru, in what was once a leafy mango orchard, is a cradle of science attempting to meet the challenges of the future. Set up by Prof C V Raman (1888 - 1970), one of India’s most extraordinary physicists, the Raman Research Institute (RRI) is an august academy for young minds driven by a scientific temper.

RRI, situated in Sadashiv Nagar, a suburb of Bengaluru, is an 11-acre oasis donated by the then Maharaja of Mysore. But why did Prof Raman go to such lengths to build a small and autonomous research institute when he could have savoured the directorship or emeritus professorship in any of the country’s prestigious scientific organisations that were being set up at the time?

In 1930, Prof Raman became the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Physics, for discovering the Raman Effect. Soon after winning the award, he was appointed as the first Indian Director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore in 1933. It was then that his dream began to take shape – he yearned to build an Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS) on the lines of The Royal Society of London and similar academies he had seen abroad.

– In 1934, the Maharaja of Mysore, Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar, generously offered Prof Raman as much land as he wanted to set up his cherished institute.

The story goes that Prof Raman chose no more than 11 acres of the mango orchards near the northern limits of the city, then marked by the famous Kempe Gowda tower, because he couldn’t afford a bigger fence!

The IAS later added a research institute to its campus and it was ready on the day of Prof Raman’s retirement from IISc in 1948. It is said that the celebrated physicist literally walked out of IISc and straight into RRI. Prof Raman not only lived and worked there till the day he died, he was also cremated on this beautiful campus. Today, a lone flowering tree – Tabebula donell-smithi – marks the spot where he was cremated, on the central green lawn of the RRI.

Leading A ‘Double Life’

After graduating from Presidency College, Madras, at the age of 15, with gold medals in English and Physics, the budding scientist could not indulge his love for Physics as it would have meant travelling abroad. Lack of funds and ill-health held him back. Instead, he earned a Master’s degree in Arts and then topped the Civil Services examination, then the most lucrative career option for bright students. But the burning desire to pursue Physics never left him.

His first posting was in Calcutta in 1907 and, for years, Raman led a dual life – as a government servant during office hours and an experimental physicist outside them. He was able to do this fulfil his passion for Physics by reviving the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science (IACS) established by Mahendra Lal Sircar, a medical doctor, intellectual and social reformer.

Raman worked assiduously at IACS from the wee hours till 9.30 am, and then rushed home for a bath and breakfast before heading off to work. In the evening, Raman headed straight to IACS, only to return home late at night. This gruelling schedule made his newly wed wife, Loksundari, remark that maybe he had married her for the extra allowance it fetched him from the British offices (apparently in those days they paid additional sum of Rs. 150 for married officers).

– During this time, Raman was mainly investigating Acoustics and Optics.

For nearly a decade (1908- 1918) he investigated vibrations of strings and other instruments like drums, Mridanga and wrote his treatise Mechanical Theory of Vibrations of Bowed Strings of the Violin Family. His path-breaking research began to draw attention at home and abroad, and Raman was offered a full-time Palit Professorship at the Physics Department at Calcutta University. This marked a decisive, professional shift into the scientific world (even though at a lower salary).

Despite his new commitment, Prof Raman continued his association with IACS, where he guided research students and mentored their work. But he was no longer shuttling between the university and IACS on foot or taxi; apparently, he had bought a horse-drawn cart to commute between the two addresses!

It was at IACS that Prof Raman and his students made observations that led to the discovery of the ‘Raman Effect’ in 1928, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

Against The Tide

As a scientist, Prof Raman had always sought two things – absolute freedom to pursue science without any demands from government or bureaucratic interference; and a team of his own choosing. After winning the Nobel Prize, he was offered the Directorship of the IISc in Bangalore in 1933, but it came with strings attached.

To everyone’s disappointment, including his own, Prof Raman’s vision and administrative methods did not always match those of his colleagues and British counterparts. Eventually, he stepped down as Director of IISc but continued as a Professor in the Physics Department, which he himself had founded. So, on the day he retired in 1948, it was a very disillusioned Prof Raman that left his last job, still passionately hoping to pursue science his way!

That is why the institute he set up – the Raman Research Institute – was so precious to him. It represented everything he had envisioned in a research body, free of fetters and ready to soar to great scientific heights. His experience at IISc was so unpleasant that it is said that Prof Raman planted eucalyptus trees to block the view of the IISc, obliterating any trace of the institute and bitter memories from his beloved campus.

Prof Raman steadfastly refused any funds and grants from the Government of India to build and nurture RRI because he believed creative freedom was crucial in the pursuit of science and excellence. So he embarked on alternative methods of funding.

– He invested in two chemical factories in the hope that he could use the profits to spend on his institute.

He also toured extensively to lecture in India and abroad and often sought funds for RRI.

The eminent scientist’s funds-collection drive often made people uneasy but Prof Raman had no qualms. He often remarked that he was following in the footsteps of Gautama Buddha and Mahatma Gandhi, and there was no shame in begging for a noble cause. One of his students, Vikram Sarabhai (remembered as the father of India’s space programme) and his family too played a pivotal role in fund-raising and supported him till the very end.

Dream Comes True

After his stint at IISC, Prof Raman, quite literally, couldn’t wait to start work at RRI, for he started his research there even before the place had electricity. Prof Raman’s most favoured area of interest was investigating nature – light and sound, the natural colours of flowers, birds’ plumage, rocks and minerals. All he needed for his investigations were simple, innovative instruments that would use the best source of light present in nature – sunlight.

His hand-picked team would design innovative instruments like Heliostat and, together, they would collect samples of iridescent substances like rocks, gems, opals, pearls, mineral ore, diamonds, butterflies and anything that showed extraordinary colours and effects when light was shone on them. His students, A Jayaraman and R Ramaseshan, have written excellent biographical accounts and memoirs of their experiences of working with him.

Prof Raman investigated optical behaviour – luminescence, phosphorescence and fluorescence – using simple methods like irradiating them with sunlight or in a dark room with ultraviolet light, in order to understand their structure and properties.

– He studied even the diamonds of a neckpiece gifted to him by the Maharaja and published it as a scientific work.

His foreign guests and students also gifted him rare stones, minerals, crystals etc and his collection grew over time.

This large collection is housed inside the main building of RRI, whose museum also exhibits musical instruments as his early work was based on musical sounds and distinct harmonies of the veena .

C. V. Raman’s Work on Indian Music

A Vision for India

The Nobel laureate had a clear vision that India needed home-grown talent and a blueprint for scientific research. He did not believe in big laboratories and institutions with instruments imported from other countries to conduct secondary research while following someone else’s line of pursuit. He abhorred the mediocre kind of work that required sending students and researchers abroad for training.

He did not shun Western science or scientists per se and even tried to recruit European scientists like Max Born, Erwin Schrodinger and other Jewish scientists who were in search of a good country to move into during the Second World War, when he was the Director of IISc. Renowned physicist Max Born was in fact appointed to the Chair of Physics in IISc but due to differences, he could not continue. He interacted regularly with his once PhD student Vikram Sarabhai till the end, even though the latter had an entirely different vision for the development of science – that of Jawaharlal Nehru, Homi Bhabha and others.

In his memoir essay, C V Raman – A Pictorial Biography , Prof S Ramaseshan has quoted Prof Raman lamenting towards the end of his life:

“ My life has been an utter failure. I thought I would try to build true science in this country. But all we have is a legion of camp followers of the West.”

He strongly believed that the only way to promote science and build a scientific temperament was by encouraging a true scientific spirit of inquiry and investigation.

The truth is, Prof Raman did not entirely fail. His vision did produce extraordinary work by his student S Pancharatnam, an RRI alumnus who worked in the field of classical optics. His discovery of ‘Pancharatnam Phase’ was applied to quantum optics later. It is also true that we have produced barely any Nobel-winning scientific work on our soil despite following the path shown by the West.

Perhaps Prof Raman did realise the grave difficulties of running an independent research institute, after all. At the last board meeting with his management trustees, just before his death, he added a clause which stated that, if required, RRI could accept grants and funding from the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, provided it does not jeopardise the autonomy of the institute.

After his death in 1970, Prof Raman’s son Dr Radhakrishnan, well-known radio-astronomer, took over as Director of RRI. He expanded the scope of its research by adding new, dedicated departments. Today, RRI is an autonomous institution with funding support from the DST. It has various successful departments like Astronomy and Astrophysics, Soft Condensed Matter Physics, Biophysics, Light and Matter Physics and Theoretical Physics Group that are conducting cutting-edge research. Its Liquid Crystal department and laboratory is one of the pioneering labs in the field.

The pursuit of excellence at RRI is a legacy of Prof C V Raman’s vision. The Indian Academy of Sciences and its publication wing housed within the same campus is doing exemplary work too. But, in its truest sense, the essence, brilliance and scientific legacy of Dr C V Raman resides in RRI. Some may call it the ‘Raman Effect’.

Author extends gratitude to Prof. Supurna Sinha and RRI for all the support and cooperation.

– ABOUT AUTHOR

Madhuri Katti is a Kolkata based physics teacher, heritage enthusiast and an aspiring writer.

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• C V Raman Biography

Writing a Biographical Essay of a Historical Figure

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on light scattering and the discovery of a new form of scattering called Raman scattering or the Raman effect. The compositions of solids, liquids, and gases can all benefit from this effect. It can also be used to diagnose diseases and track manufacturing processes. 

Biography is an account of a person’s life by another person. It is a descriptive work written in detail. Biographical pieces can be in various forms, like a video or book and they can be of any length, like a book or an essay. An authorized biography is written with the permission of the subject and an unauthorized one is not. However, biographies of historical figures written for purely academic purposes do not require consent from the subject or people who hold the rights of consent for the subject.

Choosing the Right Level

Biographies can be written by students of all classes. The higher the class, the more details go into the essay. The biography by a fifth-grader will be smaller and less detailed than that written by a ninth-grader. The demand for making it more interesting and decorating it with aptly placed figures of speech grows with grade.

Choosing the Right Source

Biography is not fiction or a made-up story. It is the arrangement of boring dates and facts into a beautiful landscape that would be the subject’s life. For the facts to be accurate and true, trustworthy sources must be consulted, like a known book or reliable websites that contain life information.

Choosing the Right Information

Having selected the right source of information, it can get mind-boggling to choose what information to keep and what not to mention in the essay. It is better to have too much information than too little so that the best out of them can be chosen. A biography should answer some basic questions about the person. The place and date of his birth and death. Information about his immediate family. Important milestones of his life, like schooling, occupation, marriage, kids, appointments, or discoveries. His accomplishments during his lifetime. And then the legacy he leaves behind, like his impact on society or education and the historical significance.

How to Arrange the Information?

Biographies are descriptions of someone’s life, so setting the tone and making it sound interesting relies freely on the writer’s shoulders. The student can make life sound fun and lively, or gripping and intense. This is where the talent of a writer shines through, so use all of the writing tools at hand and make the best of them.

The Person Behind the Facts

The personality of the subject should shine through the essay. Select appropriate adjectives to build upon the character of the person. If interesting anecdotes highlight the kind of person he was, use them to build upon his personality.

Legacy in Conclusion

The achievement of his life and his notable works need to be mentioned, as well as how he affects posterity. In conclusion, the importance of his work and legacy should be highlighted.

It should be remembered that however tempting it feels to include interesting details and fun facts, the word limit should be kept in mind. This is what should rule which facts go and which do not in the essay. The introduction, body, and conclusion need to be clearly arranged. A biographical essay is not a story-telling spree, so the spirit of an essay should be intact.

The best essays are easy to read and the flow from one part to another is seamless. It might sound contradictory to keep a seamless flow while keeping the three parts of an essay demarcated, but it is not impossible and this is the delicate balance that can only be achieved by persistent practice. Language is not much different from Maths or Science in this aspect – practice makes perfect.

Information About C V Raman

Sir C V Raman’s birthday- November 7, 1888

Sir C V Raman’s death day- November 21, 1970

Alma mater- The University of Madras (M.A.)

Known for Raman effect

Spouse- Lokasundari Ammal (1908–1970)

Children- Chandrasekhar Raman and Venkatraman Radhakrishnan

About C V Raman’s Family and Background

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born to a Tamil Brahmin family in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, on November 7, 1888. Raman's forefathers were agriculturists who settled in the Tanjore district near Porasakudi Village and Mangudi. Chandrasekhara Iyer, his father, attended a school in Kumbakonam and graduated with honours in 1881. He eventually earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics from Tiruchirapalli's Society of the Promotion of the Gospel College in 1891. In the same college, Chandrasekara became a lecturer. He married Parvathi Ammal after passing the Matriculation exam and they had eight children: five sons and three daughters. Chandrasekaran, Raman's father, moved to Visakhapatnam when he was four years old to work as a lecturer at Mrs. A.V. Narasimha Rao College. He taught Physics, arithmetic, and physical geography at the university. Chandrasekaran was regarded as physically and mentally powerful due to his involvement in athletics, physical culture, and Indian Carnatic music, among other things. Raman, unlike his father, was not physically powerful, but he was a brilliant thinker. He excelled in school and displayed early signs of exceptional ability, receiving praise from his teachers as well as numerous prizes and scholarships. While still in school, Raman developed an interest in Physics. He once designed a dynamo on his own and was fascinated with how physical principles and machines worked. C. V. Raman graduated from high school at the age of eleven, receiving first place in the Matriculation Examination (top marks). He then enrolled in the AVN College to prepare for the Intermediate Exam. He received more accolades this time, and he received top scores on the university test. In 1903, he received a scholarship to study for a BA degree at the Presidency College in Chennai (then Madras), where he was the youngest student. At the time, the Presidency College was the best in Southern India. When Raman was in college, the majority of his professors were Europeans. Raman's interest in Physics grew even stronger during this period, and he also developed a strong liking for English. Raman earned first place in the university's BA exams in 1904, and gold medals in English and Physics. Raman's teachers encouraged him to continue his education in England, but the Madras Civil Surgeon refused, arguing that the young Raman was too weak to endure the English climate. Raman, on the other hand, completed his MA in Physics at Presidency College and did not travel abroad until he was thirty-three years old.

About C V Raman’s Early Career and Marriage

In January 1907, Raman sat for and passed his Master's examination, earning top marks and a slew of awards and prizes. While he desired to focus on science (particularly research), there were no research opportunities in India (specifically for Indians). Owing to his deteriorating health at the time, he was unable to travel to England. As a result, Raman's thoughts turned to work for the government, which is known to be clean, stable, and even prestigious. Even in this situation, he desired to enter the prestigious Indian Civil Service (ICS), the highest level of government service, but this meant training in England and taking the exam there—an option that was also ruled out due to medical reasons. The Financial Civil Service (FCS), where Raman's brother C.S. Iyer was already a member, which was his next preference. The FCS served as a forerunner to today's Indian Audit and Accounts Service. Raman passed the FCS examination in 1907 and married Lokasundari before taking up an official job. This period of his life unfolded unusually. Typically, parents arranged Indian marriages, which includes finding a suitable horoscope match for their infant. This included looking at the positions of the stars on their birth date, as well as other horoscopic statistics.  The boy and his parents then pay a visit to the girl's house to see if she likes them; during this period, the girl is normally asked to give a musical performance. The date for their marriage is fixed if all arrangements are in agreement and the girl's family provides adequate dowry. Raman's marriage went in a different direction. Mr. Ramaswamy Sivan, a freemason, theosophist, and radical thinker, was a friend of Raman's as a college student. Mr. Sivan's house was a frequent stop for Raman, and one day he heard music from an Indian classical instrument, the veena, played by Lokasundari, Sivan's sister-in-law, who was visiting from Madurai. Lokasundari was a natural at playing the veena, and Raman was instantly drawn to her. Sivan discussed this idea with Raman, who immediately accepted it since Lokasundari was of marriageable age at the time and her family was looking for a suitable groom. Raman then continued to seek permission from his parents. However, it was later discovered that Lokasundari, thought of the same caste as Raman (Brahmin), belonged to a separate subset—a match that was strictly forbidden at the time. Raman's father, who is a rather liberal man, agreed that Raman could choose his bride, even if she came from a different subset. The rest of the family, including Raman's mother, was unhappy, however. Despite these challenges, Raman followed his heart and kept on doing things his way. In mid-1907, Raman was appointed Assistant Accountant-General in Calcutta, even though he was still a teenager. His pay, including the marriage allowance, was Rs. 400 at the time. Raman and Lokasundari set out for Calcutta, the capital of British India at the time. Raman took advantage of Calcutta's vibrant and scientific environment, allowing him to fully articulate his scientific creativity—Calcutta was then regarded as the East's premier science city. Raman was sent to Nagpur and Rangoon in addition to Calcutta; no matter where he was posted, Raman still found a way to perform experiments at home.

C V Raman Contribution to Science

Raman productively used the time he had with Professor Jones while studying Physics at Presidency College, designing and creating experiments to address the boundless questions he had. Only the most basic laboratory instruments (enough for classwork) were available in the Physics lab at the time, but Raman made use of them all. Raman's questions were frequently those for which there were no answers in the literature. As a result, the nature of science came naturally to him, prompting him to perform experiments throughout his life. Raman experimented with asymmetric diffraction of light though he was well aware of light in a wave shape and the principle of diffraction. Professor Jones was given his observations on this experiment, which he collected and gave to him for feedback. Professor Jones, on the other hand, remained silent for many months. Raman was aware of the Philosophical Magazine at the time, possibly those subscribed to by the Connemara Public Library, which was about five kilometers from Presidency College (it is not certain how Raman came to know of this magazine). This paper was written in 1906, and Raman, who was only 18 at the time and had not yet graduated from high school, was the sole author with no acknowledgments. Raman's achievement was all the more remarkable because Presidency College was not a research institution, and Raman's paper was the first to emerge from there. Almost immediately after Raman's first publication, Johns Hopkins University's R.W. Wood published another. Wood later sent a cable to Nature announcing the Raman Effect's discovery. Raman left the government in 1917 to take up the newly established Palit Professorship in Physics at the University of Calcutta. Simultaneously, he continued his study at the IACS, where he eventually rose to the position of Honorary Secretary. Raman referred to this period in his career as his "golden age." At the IACS and the University of Calcutta, he was surrounded by a group of gifted students. In 1929, he presided over the 16th session of the Indian Science Congress. Raman worked on the acoustics of musical instruments in addition to his Nobel Prize-winning work on light scattering. Based on superposition velocities, he developed a theory of transverse vibration of bowed strings. In comparison to Helmholtz's method, this does a great job of describing bowed string vibration. He was also the first to explore the harmonic essence of Indian drum sounds like the tabla and mridangam. Raman was appointed director of the newly established Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore in 1933. The IISc was established in 1909 with the aim of conducting original research and providing science and engineering education. Before Raman's appointment, all of IISc's directors, as well as the majority of its faculty, were British. He remained a Professor of Physics for another two years. The new government of Independent India named him the country's first National Professor in 1947. In 1948, he retired from the Indian Institute of Science and a year later founded the Raman Research Bangalore, Karnataka, where he served as director until he died in 1970.

C V Raman’s Discovery

Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his research on light scattering and the discovery of the Raman effect. The inelastic scattering of a photon is known as "Raman scattering" or "Raman effect." This phenomenon is the basis for Raman spectroscopy.

What led to C V Raman’s Invention of Raman Effect?

C V Raman Discovery of the Physics of Musical sound- Understanding the Physics of musical Sound was one of Raman's passions. The Sensations of Tone by Hermann Von Helmholtz, which he came across when he entered IACS, inspired him. Between 1916 and 1921, he researched and published a lot of his observations. Based on the superposition of velocities, he developed the principle of transverse vibration of bowed string instruments. The wolf tone in violins and cellos was one of his earliest experiments. He investigated the acoustics of various violins and related instruments, as well as water splashes and Indian stringed instruments. "Experiments with mechanically-played violins" was one of his works. C V Raman Discovery behind the Blue colour of the sea- In 1919, Raman began investigating light scattering as part of his broadening foray into optics. His first amazing discovery was the mechanics of seawater's blue colour. In September 1921, he reflected on the Mediterranean Sea's blue colour while sailing home from England on the S.S. Narkunda. He tested the seawater with basic optical instruments, including a pocket-sized spectroscope and a Nicol prism. No.56 Lord Rayleigh's explanation in 1910, "The much-revered dark blue of the deep sea has little to do with the colour of water, but is the blue of the sky seen by refraction," was the strongest of many theories on the colour of the sea. C V Raman Inventions: Most photons are elastically dispersed as light is scattered from an atom or molecule. The incident photons have the same energy (frequency) as scattered photons, and therefore the same wavelength. Excitations of optical frequencies distinct from, and normally lower than, the frequency of the incident photons scatter a small fraction of scattered light (roughly one in ten million photons). Raman scattering may occur in gas when a molecule's vibrational, rotational, or electronic energy changes. "The character of scattered radiations allows us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering," Raman explained. Raman published his thesis on "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922, the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators that eventually led to his discovery of the radiation effect that bears his name (on February 28, 1928). In 1928, C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan, as well as Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam, independently identified the Raman effect. Raman's discovery was hailed by physicists as evidence of the quantum theory. The vibrational Raman effect is of primary interest to chemists. The Raman Effect was named a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society in 1998, in recognition of its importance as a method for studying the structure of liquids, gases, and solids. The Raman Effect is distinct from the fluorescence mechanism. The incident light is completely absorbed in the latter case, and the system is transferred to an energetically excited state from which it can only transition to various lower states after a certain period (resonance lifetime). Both processes emit a photon with a different frequency than the incident photon, and the molecule is brought to a higher or lower energy level. However, the Raman Effect can occur for any frequency of incident light, which is a significant difference. The Raman Effect, in contrast to the fluorescence effect, is not a resonant effect.

C V Raman’s Contribution as an Author

C V Raman’s discoveries led him to write a set of books which are listed below-

Vol. 1 -Scattering of Light (Ed. S Ramaseshan)

Vol. 2 -Acoustic

Vol. 3 -Optica

Vol. 4 -Optics  of Minerals and Diamond

Vol. 5 -Physics of Crystals

Vol. 6 -Floral Colours and Visual Perception

C V Raman’s Achievements and Awards

Many honorary doctorates and memberships in scientific societies were bestowed upon Raman. He was a member of the Deutsche Akademie in Munich, the Swiss Physical Society in Zürich, the Royal Philosophical Society in Glasgow, the Royal IrishAcademy, the  Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of The Soviet Union, the Optical Society of America, and the Mineralogical Society of America, the Romanian Academy of Sciences, the Catgut Acoustical Society of America, and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1924. He did, however, resign from the fellowship in 1968 for unknown reasons, making him the only Indian FRS to do so. In 1929, he was the President of the Indian Science Congress's 16th session. From 1933 until his death, he was the first President of the Indian Academy of Sciences. In 1961, he was elected to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

Though still employed by the Indian Finance Service, Raman won the Curzon Research Award in 1912. While still working for the Indian Finance Service, he received the Woodburn Research Medal in 1913. The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze in Rome awarded him the Matteucci Medal in 1928. He was knighted in 1930. The Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin, conferred him a Knight Bachelor in a special ceremony at the Viceroy's House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) in New Delhi after his inclusion in the 1929 Birthday was postponed. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for "research on light scattering and the discovery of the phenomenon named after him."He was the first Asian and non-white person to win a Nobel Prize for Science. Rabindranath Tagore (another Indian) had previously won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was awarded the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society in 1930. The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia awarded him the Franklin Medal in 1941. He received the Bharat Ratna award in 1954. (along with politician and former Governor-General of India C. Rajagopalachari and philosopher Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan). He received the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.

FAQs on C V Raman Biography

1. What is the discovery of C V Raman about?

On a boat trip back from England in 1921, Indian physicist C.V. Raman began work on a line of research that would lead to the discovery of a new scattering effect, now known as the Raman effect, in February 1928. The Raman effect is significant in Physics and Chemistry.

2. Why write a biography about CV Raman?

Writing a biography is a good way to practice research and describe a person and his legacy to mankind. CV Raman is an apt topic for biography because he was a historical figure of great importance and his legacy in the field of Mathematics and Physics is big and easily available for research.

3. Are there ways of talking about a subject other than a biographical essay?

A biographical essay is just one of the many ways of describing a person’s life. Some other forms are a documentary, a biographical movie, the life of a person written as a play or story – it can be short or long – the options are as endless as one’s creativity. Refer to the official website of Vedantu or download the app for an elaborate explanation.

4. What are the tools that one can use to make a boring biography interesting?

Writing tools that can brighten up a boring biography are figures of speech, including relevant quotes, presenting the facts in a story-telling manner, etc

5. Was CV Raman a scientist or a mathematician?

CV Raman was a Nobel Prize-winning Physicist whose exemplary work in Optics won him a place in the annals of history.

6. C V Raman is Famous For?

The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to C.V. Raman in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, in which light passing through a substance is dispersed and the wavelength of the scattered light is altered due to an energy state transfer in the material's molecules.

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Water: The Elixer Of Life By C. V. Raman – Summary and Questions

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Water: The Elixer Of Life – C.V.Raman

Introduction: Water is a vital ingredient for survival of all living beings. Imagine a day without water no water to drink, wash, or to cook! People can survive without food for days but not without water. About 70% of earth’s surface is covered with water. Of this 97% is saline and 2% is fresh which is present in the form of ice caps, glaciers, icebergs or in the atmosphere. Only 1% can be used for drinking. We are heading towards a freshwater crisis that is leading to poor access to safe water for millions of people. Hence, conserving water has become the need of the hour, along with an efficient management system, to ensure a steady supply for the future.

About C.V. Raman

C.V. Raman was the Nobel Prize winner in 1930, in physics for his work on ‘the scattering of light’ and for the discovery of the Raman Effect. He was the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such the tabla and mridingam. In 1934, Raman becomes the director of the newly established Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. In 1947, he was appointed as the first National Professor by the new government of independent India.

Water, an elixir of life

Humankind has always searched in vain for an imaginary elixir of life, the divine amrita. A draught of this elixir was thought to confer immortality . But Raman feels that the true elixir of life is water. This single liquid can change the entire scene. He remembers that he was standing on the line which separates the Libyan Desert from the valley of the Nile in Egypt. On one side was a vast area covered with sand and without a speck of green or a single living thing. On the other side was one of the greatest, most fertile and densely populated areas. It was teeming with life and vegetation. The only thing which made the difference was water. It was the water of the river Nile. Geologist tells that the entire soil of river, Nile is the creation of the river itself. Its ancient civilization was created and sustained by the life-giving water of the Nile.

We take granted this common substance in everyday life. But we forget that water is the most potent and wonderful thing on the earth. It has played a very important role In shaping the course of earth’s history. It continues to play the leading role in the drama of life on earth. Nothing can add so much to the beauty of the countryside as water. In south India, the rain-fed tanks are very common. They are shallow but the bottom of the tank is not visible due to silt-laden water. These tanks play a vital role in south India agriculture. Much of rice is grown under them.

One of the most remarkable facts about water is its power to carry silt in suspension. This suspension is the reason for the different colours of the water in a rain-fed tank. Swiftly flowing water can carry fairly large and heavy particles. The finest particles remain with the water and are carried to a large distance. When silt-laden water mixes with the saltwater of the sea, there is rapid precipitation of the suspended matter. The colour of the water changes successively from the muddy red or brown of silt through varying shades of yellow and green finally to the blue of the deep sea. A large land is formed by silt thus deposited. Such land is very fertile. The flow of water plays a great part in this process; sometimes it can be destructive also.

The problem of soil erosion is of major significance. It occurs in step by step. The cutting up and washing away of the earth will make agriculture impossible. The sudden burst of excessively heavy rain resulting in a large run of surplus water is the principal factor in causing soil erosion. Soil erosion is dangerous to agriculture. Some measures can be taken to check soil erosion. They are terracing of the land, construction of bunds to check the flow of water, the practice of contour cultivation and the planting of appropriate plants.

Water is the basis of all life. Every animals and plant contain water in this body. No activity is possible without water. Water is necessary for animal life. The moist in the soil is necessary for the growth of plants and trees. So, the conservation and utilization of water is most important for human welfare.

A vast area of land could be turned into a fertile and prosperous country by courageous and well-planned action. The systematic planting of suitable trees is the urgent need of India. Such plantation would, directly and indirectly, prove a source of wealth to the country. They would check soil erosion and conserve the rainfall of the country. Water is the commonest of liquid, but it is also the most uncommon of liquid with amazing properties. These properties are responsible for its unique power of maintaining animal and plant life. The investigation of the nature and properties of water is, therefore, of the highest scientific interest.

Questions and Answers

Question.1.Why do you think water is the true Elixir of life? How has water been a powerful influence in the life of humankind and in the rise of civilization?

Ans. Water is the true elixir of life. This is a common substance. So, we take it granted in our everyday life. It is the most wonderful thing on Earth. It continues to play a leading role in the drama of life on Earth.

Water is the basis of all life. Every animal and every plant contains a large proportion of water in its body. The moisture of the soil is equally important for plants and trees.

The conservation and utilization of water is fundamental to human welfare. One of the most remarkable facts about water is its power to carry silt suspension. Our agriculture depends on seasonal rainfall. So, collection and utilization of rainwater is very important. Water is the commonest of the liquids. These uncommon properties are responsible for its unique power of maintaining animal and plant life.

Question.2. Write about the power and beauty of the element, water.

Ans. Water is the true elixir of life. It is the basis of life on Earth. Every animal and plant contains water. It is necessary for their life. Our agriculture is depended on water.

To explain the power of water C.V.Raman has given an example. One day he was standing on the line which separates the Libyan Desert from the valley of the Nile in Egypt. One side was having a sea of sand without a speck of green or a single living thing. On the other side was one of the greatest, most fertile and densely populated areas on the Earth. It was full of life and vegetation. Water has changed the scene.

One of the most remarkable facts about water is its power to carry silt in suspension. The flow of water plays a great role in the geographical process. It can sometimes play a destructive role and wash away the soil. Great tracts of land have been formed by silt deposited by water. The problem of soil erosion is caused by water. Vast areas of land could be turned into fertile or infertile. This is the power and beauty of water.

Question.3. How does soil erosion occur and what are the chief factors that cause it?

Ans. The problem of soil erosion is very important, in many countries and specially in many parts of India. Soil erosion occurs in steps; the earliest may easily pass unnoticed. In the later stages the cutting up and washing away of the soil results into the formation of deep gullies and narrow rallies. This makes agriculture impossible.

The sudden burst of excessively heavy rain results into a large run of surplus water which causes soil erosion. The slope of land, removal of the natural protective coat of vegetation, ruts for flow of water with speed and no check to such flow are also the causes for soil erosion.

Question.4. What are the usual measures used to check soil erosion?

Ans. The measures that can be used to check soil erosion are terracing of the land, construction of bunds to check the flow of water, the practice of contour (outline) cultivation and the planting of proper plants. The prevention of soil erosion would help to save water and keep the water where it is wanted.

Vast areas of land could be turned into a fertile and prosperous country by well-planned action. The systematic planting of suitable trees in every possible place is most urgent in India. They would check soil erosion and conserve the rainfall of the country.

Question.5. What is C.V. Raman’s suggestion regarding controlling the movement of water in order to harness it for a useful purpose?

Ans. C.V. Raman gives the example of rain-fed tanks which play a very vital role in south Indian agriculture. In Mysore, much of the rice is grown under them. The colour of the water in rain-fed tanks changes according to the land from which the water comes. Swiftly flowing water can carry large and heavy particles. The finest particles remain floating in the water. Large areas of land can be converted into fertile land due to silt-laden water.

Collection and utilization of rainwater is very important because our Indian agriculture depends on rainfall. Much of the rainwater flows down into the river and the sea. So a large quantity of water is lost. The proper use of this flowing water is a great national problem. Planting of trees is urgent need of India. They would help to save the rainwater of the country from flowing away to waste.

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• Published: 25 February 1939

Sir C. V. Raman, F.R.S

Nature volume  143 ,  page 326 ( 1939 ) Cite this article

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IN 1928, Sir Venkata Raman published an account of the new radiation effect now generally known as the Raman effect, and the Indian Academy of Sciences, of which he is president, has had the happy idea of celebrating this and Sir Venkata's fiftieth birthday by the issue of a special commemorative volume. This volume, which contains thirty-eight papers, submitted from various parts of the world, opens with a brief biography of Sir C. V. Raman. The writer of this, whilst referring to the fact that Sir Venkata received his early training in physics at the Presidency College, Madras, unfortunately omits to mention how much the future Nobel prizewinner owed to the then head of the department of physics, the late Prof. R. LI. Jones, who carried to India the traditions of the Cavendish Laboratory.

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Sir C. V. Raman, F.R.S. Nature 143 , 326 (1939). https://doi.org/10.1038/143326a0

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Issue Date : 25 February 1939

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/143326a0

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2 Minute Speech on C.V. Raman in English

Greetings and good morning everyone, today I am going to give a speech on C.V. Raman. C.V. Raman, also known as the Great Indian Physicist Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman, was born in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, on November 7, 1888. Raman naturally developed a passion for physics because his father was a teacher of the discipline. He was a standout student from the start. He passed his matriculation test from Madras University at the tender age of 12 as a bright and promising young man.

At Hindu College in Visakhapatnam and Presidency College in Madras, Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman pursued his education. He did a lot of studies while he was a student and had his papers published in numerous reputable periodicals. He was hired as the Assistant Accountant General in Calcutta in 1907 after placing first in the Financial Service Examination. He saw the secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Dr. Amritlal Sarkar, there.

In 1924, he was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. In 1928, he discovered the “Raman Effect”, and in 1930, he was given the Physics Nobel Prize. 

When light energy particles called photons are scattered by the molecules in a medium, the Raman Effect occurs. His finding made it feasible to map the potential levels of energy gains of atoms and molecules in a substance for the first time. Raman also provided us with the scientific justification for the sky’s and the ocean’s blue hue. In 1954, he received the Bharat Ratna, and in 1957, he received the International Lenin Prize. Thank you.

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